Uw eigen gratis blog? Klik hier!
Ga naar willekeurig blog, klik hier.
Op zoek naar een bepaalde info ? Geef dan hieronder een trefwoord in...
Zoeken in blog

Foto
Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom ! Welkom !
Foto
Het is niet al kommer en kwel...
Gastenboek
  • Natuurlijk, Jef !
  • bekende kerstwensen
  • OLE HET IS BIJNA WEEKEND NOG 1 KEER SLAPEN
  • LIEVE DONDERDAGGROETJES
  • WIJ KOMEN DE WEEK IN TWEE ZAGEN

    Druk oponderstaande knop om een berichtje achter te laten in mijn gastenboek

    Foto
    Raadpleeg steeds je arts !
    Foto
    Beoordeel dit blog
      Zeer goed
      Goed
      Voldoende
      Nog wat bijwerken
      Nog veel werk aan
     
    Foto
    Laatste commentaren
  • Reactie op de mail van Joke.... (De Smet Greta)
        op Dr. Bauer heeft mijn leven gered
  • Zoals beloofd hou ik jullie op de hoogte....; (De Smet Greta)
        op Geopereerd Prof. Johann Bauer
  • De organische verklaring voor ME/CVS (Jules)
        op Men erkent de zieke, maar niet de ziekte
  • Dag Etienne, (Jules)
        op Men erkent de zieke, maar niet de ziekte
  • CVS is psychisch (etienne)
        op Men erkent de zieke, maar niet de ziekte
  • Leuk! (Br Jan van der Weyden)
        op Je beste antistresstip
  • Goede avond, Jules! (Br Jan van der Weyden)
        op Stop nú de mishandeling van CVS-patiënten
  • Dank je ! (Jules)
        op Gene responsible for chronic fatigue syndrome identified
  • Prof. dr Light (ME Wetenschap)
        op Gene responsible for chronic fatigue syndrome identified
  • Litebook prijs (Marijke)
        op Lichttherapie – Litebook - Deel I
  • Blog als favoriet !
    Willekeurig SeniorenNet Blogs
    fotovreugde
    blog.seniorennet.be/fotovre
    Willekeurig SeniorenNet Blogs
    dagdromer
    blog.seniorennet.be/dagdrom
    Willekeurig SeniorenNet Blogs
    cats1944
    blog.seniorennet.be/cats194
    Willekeurig SeniorenNet Blogs
    virginia64
    blog.seniorennet.be/virgini
    Willekeurig SeniorenNet Blogs
    wimpie1
    blog.seniorennet.be/wimpie1
    Mijn favorieten
  • Kennis=macht=gezondheid - Pillie Willie
  • Vlaamse Liga voor Fibromyalgie Patiënten
  • Lotgenoten Fibromyalgie Nederland
  • APS-Therapie
  • Alles over fibromyalgie
  • Fibromyalgie-Online
  • Leven met CVS / Leven met Fibromyalgie
  • Gezondheidspein.nl
  • TopSiteGuide.BelgischeTop100
  • Fibromyalgie PR-site
    Foto
    Fibromyalgie
    Strijd om erkenning
    20-11-2009
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Sporten beter dan pauzeren bij RSI
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen





















     

    Sporten beter dan pauzeren bij RSI

    De Telegraaf, 20-11-2009

    Wie een muisarm wil voorkomen kan beter gaan sporten in de lunchpauze dan telkens kort te stoppen met computerwerk.
    Deze conclusie trekt bewegingswetenschapper Janneke Richter in haar proefschrift, waarop zij is gepromoveerd aan het Erasmus MC.
    Dat maakt het Rotterdamse medisch centrum vrijdag bekend.

    Kantoorwerkers die dagelijks uren achter de computer zitten, worden vaak met speciale software gedwongen te pauzeren : de computer gaat op slot, de werknemer moet even iets anders gaan doen.
    Onderzoek van Richter wijst uit dat de spieractiviteit bij mensen die computerwerk doen nauwelijks verschilt met die van mensen die aan het bureau werkzaam zijn zonder de pc te gebruiken.

    Intensief computerwerk kan leiden tot spierklachten aan de arm, nek of schouders.
    Voorheen stonden deze klachten bekend als 'Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)'.
    Tegenwoordig zijn ze samengevoegd onder de noemer 'KANS' ('Klachten aan arm, nek of schouder').

    Volgens Richter is het bestuderen van computergebruik niet voldoende om het ontstaan van KANS te verklaren.
    „Het lijkt erop dat ander bureauwerk ook risicofactoren bevat voor het ontstaan van KANS”, stelt ze.
    Uit haar onderzoek blijkt dat mensen die computerwerk (toetsen en muis) verrichten vaak al spontane pauzes nemen, zoals het halen van koffie, een gesprek met een collega of papierwerk.
    Pauzesoftware verandert het werk-pauzepatroon niet noemenswaardig.

    Richter pleit daarom voor meer variatie tijdens de werkdag dan alleen normale- of softwarepauzes om spierkklachten te voorkomen.
    Sporten op het werk is volgens haar beter.

    Cfr. : http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/5374930/__Sporten_beter_dan_pauze_bij_RSI__.html?cid=rss


    20-11-2009 om 23:13 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags: arm, bureauwerk, computer, computergebruik, computerwerk, KANS, klachten aan arm, nek of schouder (KANS), muis, muisarm, nek, papierwerk, pc, repetitive strain injury (RSI), RSI, softwarepauzes, spieractiviteit, spierkklachten, spierklachten, sporten
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Alles voor het goeie doel !!
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen


      



    Cfr. : http://www.bekendewensen.be/


    20-11-2009 om 20:44 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:goede doel
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Gewoon gelukkig zijn...
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen  



    Gelukkig zijn...

    Studenten, werkenden, werklozen, gepensioneerden, iedereen die dat wil kan nog gewoon gelukkig zijn.
    Juist in deze tijd, waarin de economie en de politiek zo allesoverheersend zijn, is het van belang om nog beslister te kiezen voor gelukkig zijn.
    Geluk is dus zeker niet afhankelijk van wat er in de wereld en rondom jou gebeurt.
    Geluk is iets wat je zélf moet (her)ontdekken en dan nog liefst op een gewone manier.
    Welke zaken kunnen het delicate geluk in de weg staan ?


    Gewoon gelukkig zijn

    Han Koreneef
    (tekst en muziek )
    Bron :
    http://kvk.vara.nl/Songteksten.282.0.html

    Elke dag leer ik op school weer honderdduizend dingen
    Maar nooit krijg ik eens onderwijs in lachen en in zingen
    Geschiedenis en tekenen, handvaardigheid en sport
    Maar hoe je vrolijk op moet staan schrijft niemand op het bord
    Ik weet hoe ik moet rekenen en foutloos zinnen schrijven
    Maar dat geeft geen garantie dat ik altijd blij zal blijven
    En als ik op de blinde kaart haast alle steden ken
    Dan wil dat nog niet zeggen dat ik straks gelukkig ben
    Dus hou nou alsjeblieft een keer je snater
    Met die stomme vraag; wat word je later ?

    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Verdien je een miljoen?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Heb je een buitenhuis ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Je chauffeur die brengt je thuis
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn

    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Verdien je een miljoen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Heb je een buitenhuis ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Je chauffeur die brengt je thuis
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn



    Als ik naar grote mensen kijk raak ik geïrriteerd
    Ze hebben op hun eigen school geen malle moer geleerd
    Het kunnen dan wel knappe en geleerde koppen zijn
    Maar heb je daar wat aan wanneer je bol staat van chagrijn ?
    Van mij mogen ze vrolijk zijn als vak verplicht gaan stellen
    Dan ben je beter af dan als je goed tot tien kunt tellen
    Ik wil een tien voor aardig zijn en lol op mijn rapport
    Dan weet ik zeker dat ik later heel gelukkig word
    Dus hou nou alsjeblieft een keer je snater
    Met die stomme vraag; wat word je later ?

    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik ga lekker hele dagen paardrijden
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik begin gewoon een eigen snoepfabriek
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Misschien word ik wel minister van gelukszaken
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Of beter nog; ik ga de mensen gratis aan het lachen maken

    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn

    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon gelukkig zijn
    Wat ga je later doen ?
    Ik wil gewoon…


    Gelukkige mensen zijn met geluksgenen geboren

    Gezondheid.be, 16-10-2003 - Bron : Nieuwsblad

    Om een leven lang gelukkig te blijven moet je met de juiste genen geboren zijn.
    Wie het met minder goede genen moet stellen, doet er best aan te trouwen.

    Die wijsheid komt uit een onderzoek door het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift New Scientist.

    Sommige mensen hebben nu eenmaal een opgewekt karakter, terwijl anderen van nature eerder zwartkijkers zijn.
    Wetenschappers schrijven dat verschil toe aan de genen.
    Hoe mensen hun leven aanvoelen hangt maar voor de helft af van de omstandigheden.
    We zijn van nature uit geneigd tot optimisme of sombere gedachten.

    Het huwelijk kan aardig helpen om gelukkig te zijn.
    Dat leren tenminste de statistieken.
    Vooral het jaar voor en na de eigenlijke huwelijksceremonie zouden tijden van eindeloos geluk zijn.
    Gehuwde mensen zijn ook op langere termijn meestal gelukkiger dan vrijgezellen.

    Vriendschap levert ook extra geluk op.
    Goede sociale relaties zijn bijzonder waardevol.

    Godsdienst maakt eveneens gelukkig : gelovige mensen voelen zich over het algemeen gelukkiger dan ongelovigen (cfr. ook 'Zonder God is het te eenzaam' op : http://www.hartenziel.nl/artikel/zonder_god_is_het_te_eenzaam -).

    Uiterlijk, rijkdom en intelligentie zijn dan weer van minder belang om gelukkig te zijn.
    Maar dat is al lang bekend.

    Vreemd genoeg rept deze studie met geen woord over het belang van een goede gezondheid voor het geluk.

    Cfr. : http://www.gezondheid.be/index.cfm?fuseaction=art&art_id=1792


    Hoe gelukkig zijn de Belgen ?

    België ontcijferd, 07-09-2007 - In samenwerking met Algemene Directie Statistiek (FOD Economie)

    Tussen maart en juni 2006 ondervroeg de onderzoeksgroep TOR-VUB van de Vrije Universiteit Brussel 4.500 Belgen van 19 tot 81 jaar over hun geluk.
    De respondenten moesten op een schaal van 1 tot 10 aanduiden hoe gelukkig ze zijn.
    Tevens stelden de onderzoekers een twintigtal aanvullende vragen.
    Op basis van al de gezamenlijke antwoorden berekenden Mark Elchardus en Wendy Smits een "
    geluksscore" op een schaal van 100.

    Algemeen

    Het algemeen gemiddelde bedraagt 60,99.
    Dat betekent dat de doorsnee Belg zichzelf een 6 op 10 geeft inzake geluk.
    Mannen zijn met een geluksscore van 61,71 gemiddeld iets gelukkiger dan vrouwen, die een score van 60,26 halen.
    Voor alle leeftijdsgroepen geldt overigens dat mannen gemiddeld gelukkiger zijn dan hun vrouwelijke evenknieën.
    Alleen vrouwen van 36 tot 45 jaar zijn (iets) gelukkiger dan hun mannelijke leeftijdsgenoten.

    Leeftijd

    Het onderzoek toont duidelijk aan dat er een relatie is tussen leeftijd en geluk.
    Jonge volwassenen tussen 19 en 25 zijn gelukkiger dan de doorsnee Belg.
    Daarna daalt het geluk vrij rechtlijnig tot 55 jaar, om daarna opnieuw toe te nemen.
    Het gelukkigst zijn mensen in de leeftijdscategorie van 66 tot 75 jaar.
    Eens boven die leeftijd gekomen, neemt het geluk weer af.

    Opleiding

    Het diploma blijkt een sterk bepalende factor te zijn.
    Hoe hoger het onderwijsniveau, hoe groter de geluksscore.
    Volgens de onderzoekers heeft dat te maken met het feit dat een hoger diploma vaak leidt tot een hoger inkomen, een hogere plaats op de maatschappelijke ladder en meer controle over het eigen leven.
    Heel belangrijk inderdaad is de financiële situatie.

    Geld

    Mensen die in een slechte financiële situatie verkeren rapporteren veel minder vaak dat ze gelukkig zijn, mensen die in een goede financiële situatie verklaren dan weer vaker dat ze (heel) gelukkig zijn.
    Geld maakt dus wel degelijk gelukkig
    ”, zo stellen Elchardus en Smits.
    Lees ook '
    Niet geld, maar slaap maakt gelukkig' van Olav Velthuis op : http://www.hartenziel.nl/artikel/niet_geld_maar_slaap_maakt_gel –.

    Relatie

    Uit de cijfers van de TOR-VUB blijkt dat het al dan niet hebben van een relatie ook een belangrijke factor is.
    Mensen met een relatie zijn door de band gelukkiger dan mensen zonder een relatie.
    Samenwonenden zijn net iets gelukkiger dan gehuwden en een stuk gelukkiger dan mensen met een LAT-relatie.
    Bij mensen zonder relatie valt het op dat gescheiden mensen het ongelukkigst zijn.

    Cfr. ook :

    1. De “verdeling” van geluk over de bevolking
      Cfr. : http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/statistieken/cijfers/index.jsp

    2. Het grootste geluk
      Mark Elchardus en Wendy Smits
      Cfr. : http://www.lannoo.be/content/lannoo/wbnl/listview/1/index.jsp?titelcode=13060&fondsid=8

    Cfr. : http://www.6minutes.be/NL/Artikel.aspx?ArtikelID=8064&RubriekID=10


    Meeste Nederlanders zijn gelukkig
    Nationale Geluksonderzoek

    de Volkskrant, 12-03-2008

    ANP - Ruim 85 procent van de Nederlanders is het eens met de uitspraak 'het glas is half vol'.
    Zij voelen zich vooral tevreden met hun werk en hun uiterlijk.

    Dat bleek woensdag uit het Nationale Geluksonderzoek van onderzoeksbureau Multiscope onder 2800 ondervraagden.

    Nederlanders blijken tevreden over hun geluk en zijn over het algemeen optimistisch ingesteld.
    Het eigen geluk krijgt een 7,4 als rapportcijfer in het online onderzoek.
    Men voelt zich gemiddeld vijf dagen per week gelukkig.

    Ruim 77 procent van de ondervraagden meent dat je zelf invloed hebt op de mate van geluk.
    Volgens de helft van de Nederlanders maakt geld gelukkig.
    Drie op de vier zijn het eens met de stelling : ‘ik word gelukkig van mijn werk’.
    Met het eigen uiterlijk is 62 procent gelukkig.

    Als meest gelukkige BN'ers worden Marco Borsato, Frans Bauer, prinses Máxima, Paul de Leeuw en Jan Smit genoemd.
    Het meest ongelukkig zijn volgens Nederland : Geert Wilders, Gordon, Jan Peter Balkenende, Patty Brard en Linda de Mol.

    Gelukkiger worden ?

    Cfr. : http://www.hartenziel.nl/artikel/meeste_nederlanders_zijn_gelukkig


    Six tips for happiness

    Advice from Tal Ben-Shahar

    1. Give yourself permission to be human
      When we accept emotions -- such as fear, sadness or anxiety -- as natural, we are more likely to overcome them.
      Rejecting our emotions, positive or negative, leads to frustration and unhappiness.

      Geef jezelf de mogelijkheid om mens te zijn
      Aanvaard je emoties in plaats van ze te bestrijden.


    2. Happiness lies at the intersection between pleasure and meaning
      Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable.
      When this is not feasible, make sure you have happiness boosters, moments throughout the week that provide you with both pleasure and meaning.

      Geluk ligt tussen plezier en betekenis
      Engageer je in activiteiten die je belangrijk en plezierig vindt, zowel op je werk als thuis.

    3. Keep in mind that happiness is mostly dependent on our state of mind, not on our status or the state of our bank account
      Barring extreme circumstances, our level of well being is determined by what we choose to focus on (the full or the empty part of the glass) and by our interpretation of external events.
      For example : do we view failure as catastrophic or do we see it as a learning opportunity ?

      Geluk is afhankelijk van onze gemoedstoestand, niet van onze bankrekening
      Leer je te focussen op de juiste zaken, het halfvolle glas in plaats van het halflege.


    4. Simplify !
      We are, generally, too busy, trying to squeeze in more and more activities into less and less time.
      Quantity influences quality and we compromise on our happiness by trying to do too much.

      Vereenvoudig !
      Probeer niet te veel in te weinig tijd te doen.

    5. Remember the mind-body connection
      What we do -- or don't do -- with our bodies influences our mind.
      Regular exercise, adequate sleep and healthy eating habits lead to both physical and mental health.

      Denk aan de verbinding tussen lichaam en geest
      Een gezonde geest heeft een gezond lichaam nodig.


    6. Express gratitude, whenever possible
      We too often take our lives for granted.
      Learn to appreciate and savor the wonderful things in life, from people to food, from nature to a smile.

      Laat je dankbaarheid zien
      Neem niet te veel voor vanzelfsprekend aan, maar apprecieer de zaken die je gelukkig maken, een lach, de natuur, lekker eten.

    Cfr. : http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5295168


     

    Levenskunst(jes)

    Ad Bergsma

      1. Blijf actief

      2. Kom onder de mensen

      3. Doe betekenisvol werk

      4. Zorg voor een goede organisatie

      5. Stop met piekeren

      6. Verlaag je verwachtingen

      7. Denk Positief

      8. Leef in het hier en nu

      9. Werk aan een gezonde persoonlijkheid

      10. Wees aardig

      11. Wees jezelf

      12. Elimineer negatieve gevoelens

      13. Waar heb je spijt van op je sterfbed ?

      14. Waardeer geluk

    Cfr. : http://www.hartenziel.nl/artikel/levenskunstjes


    Je kan ook gewoon gelukkig zijn
    - 10 Stappen naar geluk -

    Roland Verschaeve (illustraties : D. Demets) - Standaard Uitgeverij, februari 2007 – ISBN 10 : 9002222505 - ISBN 13 : 9789002222504
    - Recensie van Tine Van Puyenbroeck, 05-09-2007 -

    Gelukkig zijn...” Raymond Van Het Groenewoud zong er ook al over...

    Elke verjaardag, elke Nieuwjaar, elk huwelijk, elke geboorte... elke keer wensen we opnieuw en opnieuw geluk voor elkaar.
    Spreekwoorden te over vertellen hoe we gelukkig(er) kunnen zijn : denk maar aan “Geluk zit in de kleine dingen”...
    En toch blijft het bereiken van "het geluk" een zoektocht voor velen.

    Dit dunne boekje van Roland Verschaeve met als ondertitel “10 stappen naar geluk” is een compacte reisgids naar geluk.
    Bewust kort gehouden en vlot leesbaar en met gewoon begrijpbare woorden geschreven, is dit al wat een mens nodig heeft om -mits wat wil en bewustwording- te beseffen dat geluk inderdaad in kleine dingen zit !
    Gewoon bewust zijn van je leven, gewoon blij zijn met kleine gebaren, gewoon genieten van wat je hebt (en niet van wat je zou willen hebben), gewoon gelukkig zijn dat je er bent... meer is volgens de auteur niet nodig om op een hoger niveau van geluk te komen.

    Mijn eigen conclusie ?
    Geluk begint vooral met bewustwording.
    Van zodra je bewust bent van een aantal zaken, ga je er op een andere manier mee om.
    En dat ene woordje “anders” – dus niet “beter” - maakt al een hele wereld van verschil.
    In ieder geval, als iedereen een tiende onthoudt van al wat hier neergeschreven staat, dan is mijn vermoeden groot dat het Bruto Nationaal Geluk er enorm op vooruit zou gaan (waar ik me de vraag stel wat de correlatie zou zijn met het gekende bruto nationaal product ?... een antwoord laat zich raden) !

    Een kleine bedenking bij dit voor de rest absoluut fantastisch boekje : zoveel goede raad in zo weinig bladzijden kan, volgens mij, voor sommige mensen overweldigend zijn, waardoor ze niet ten volle in zich opnemen wat er allemaal staat.
    Vanuit die optie bekeken, scoort dit boekje als aanrader om op je nachtkastje te leggen en af en toe of zelfs regelmatig en al is het slechts voor her en der een stukje, terug vast te nemen.
    Immers, goede raad en vooral herhaling, over hoe we gewoon een ietsje gelukkiger kunnen zijn, wie wil dat niet ?

    Cfr. : http://www.politics.be/recensies/362/?highlight=elke

    20-11-2009 om 15:36 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:baan, geld, gelovig, geluk, gelukkig, gezondheid, godsdienst, huwelijk, intelligentie, ongelovig, opgewekt, optimisme, optimistisch, rijkdom, tevreden, uiterlijk, vriendschap, vrijgezel, werk, zwartkijkers
    » Reageer (0)
    19-11-2009
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - La bête noire of the Belgian Health Care System
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen



     



    .../...
    Het is nu duidelijk .../... dat de CVS Centra hebben gefaald in hun primaire missies.
    Het bleek zelfs onmogelijk om vanuit de ervaring van de CVSreferentiecentra gefundeerde wetenschappelijke richtlijnen op te stellen voor de diagnose en behandeling van CVS .../...

    Niettegenstaande de royale financiering van deze Centra, zijn de klinische behandelresultaten van de CVS centra zo goed als onbestaande en is er ook geen wetenschappelijke output .../...

    Duizenden patienten worden nog steeds .../... geoormerkt als zijnde luiaards, hypochonders, hysterica en psychosomatische klagers ofschoon deze patienten lijden aan ernstige, maar toch vaak te behandelen ziektebeelden.

    Nog steeds worden duizenden patienten .../... langdurig behandeld met nonsens therapieen zoals CBT, magnesiumbaxters, rilatine, glucocorticoiden, botox behandelingen, herhaalde operaties, injecties, NSAIDs, psychoanalytische therapieen, morfine pompen etc. .../...

    Dus worden patienten, die eigenlijk ernstig ziek zijn.../... onderworpen aan een ellenlange lijdensweg omdat ze verkeerd behandeld worden met :
    - GET - een training die ze meestal niet aankunnen en soms zelfs schadelijk is.
    - CBT - een psychologische therapie die de biochemische oorzaak van de CVS niet behandeld en die de patient stigmatiseert, namelijk “het zit tussen de oren”.

    Deze onethische aanpak leidt bovendien tot een overconsumptie in de gezondheidszorg.
    .../...

    Cfr. : http://www.ediver.be/ediver/latest%20news/onkelinx-Binder.pdf

    Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
    La bête noire of the Belgian Health Care System

    Michael Maes - crc.mh@telenet.be -, Maes Clinics, Antwerp, Belgium & Frank NM Twisk, ME-de-patiënten Foundation, Limmen, the Netherlands, the Netherlands - Neuroendocrinol Lett Vol 30 issue 3, 2009. pp. 275-420 - © Neuroendocrinology Letters 2006

    The World Health Organization acknowledges Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) to be a medical illness. ME/CFS is characterized by disorders in the inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways.
    In 2002, the Belgian government started with the development of CFS “Reference Centers”, which implement a “psychosocial” model.
    The medical practices of these CFS Centers are defined by the Superior Health Council, e.g. treatment should be based upon Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) and biological assessments and treatments of ME/CFS should not be employed.
    Recently, the Belgian government has evaluated the outcome of the treatments at the CFS Centers.
    They concluded that a “rehabilitation therapy” with CBT/GET yielded no significant efficacy in the treatment of ME/CFS and that CBT/GET cannot be considered to be curative therapies.
    In case reports, we have shown that patients who were “treated” at those CFS centers with CBT/GET in fact suffered from IO&NS disorders, including intracellular inflammation, an increased translocation of gram-negative enterobacteria (leaky gut), autoimmune reactions and damage by O&NS.
    Considering the fact that these findings are exemplary for ME/CFS patients and that GET may even be harmful, it means that many patients are maltreated by the Belgian CFS Centers.
    Notwithstanding the above, the government and the CFS Centers not only continue this unethical and immoral policy, but also reinforce their use of CBT/GET in patients with ME/CFS treated at those Centers.

    Cfr. : http://node.nel.edu/?node_id=8929

    19-11-2009 om 20:49 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:chronic fatigue syndrome, cognitive behavioral therapy, cytokines, graded exercise therapy, inflammation, leaky gut, myalgic encephalomyelitis, oxidative stress, psychoneuroimmunology
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Persoonlijkheidstests
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen










     



    Wie zichzelf wil leren kennen heeft altijd ook anderen nodig


    De 'grote acht' persoonlijkheidstest

    Hart en Ziel, 14-09- © 2007 de Volkskrant

    Het eerste wat we van een ander willen weten is of hij te vertrouwen is en daarom is deugdzaamheid de eerste factor.

    De 'Big Eight'' is gebaseerd op de manier waarop mensen over elkaar praten :

    1. deugdzaamheid

    2. comptetentie

    3. extraversie

    4. mildheid

    5. ordelijkheid

    6. neuroticisme

    7. hedonisme en

    8. volgzaamheid.

    Die acht factoren die worden gemeten in de persoonlijkheidstest die door de Groningse psychologen Boele de Raad en Dick Barelds is ontwikkeld, hebben deels zeer herkenbare namen, maar hun betekenis is niet helemaal gelijk aan die van het woordenboek.

    Persoonlijkheidstest

    De persoonlijkheidstest op www.hartenziel.nl vraagt deelnemers zichzelf te beoordelen op grond van een aantal kenmerken, waarvan is aangetoond dat die een sterke samenhang vertonen met de genoemde factoren.
    Het gaat daarbij om zeer concrete gedragingen, waarvan iedereen zich snel een voorstelling kan maken.
    De test vraagt daardoor niet meer dan 10 minuten voor het invullen.
    Daarna heb je een scherp beeld van hoe je je eigen persoonlijkheid waarneemt.

    En als dat nog niet genoeg zelfkennis oplevert, bestaat de mogelijkheid ook anderen te vragen de eigen persoonlijkheid te beoordelen.
    Wie zichzelf wil leren kennen heeft daarvoor immers ook altijd anderen nodig.

    Doe de 'Personlijkheidstest'

    Wilt u in niet meer dan tien minuten inzicht krijgen in uw persoonlijkheid ?
    In deze test krijgt u 120 stellingen voorgelegd waarvan u moet beoordelen in hoeverre die op u van toepassing zijn.
    De stellingen zijn eenvoudig, daarom kost het invullen zo weinig tijd.

    Goede of foute antwoorden bestaan niet

    Het is de bedoeling dat u de uitspraken over zichzelf doet op basis van een vergelijking met anderen.
    Als u aangeeft dat u het helemaal eens bent met de stelling dat u betrouwbaar bent, dan wil dat zeggen dat u vindt dat u in vergelijking met gemiddelde anderen betrouwbaarder bent.

    De test heet 'Big Eight' omdat hij een beoordeling geeft op basis van acht persoonlijkheidskenmerken : deugdzaamheid, competentie, extraversie, mildheid, zorgvuldigheid, neuroticisme, hedonisme en volgzaamheid.

    Cfr. : http://www.hartenziel.nl/artikel/De__grote_acht__persoonlijkheidstest

    Cfr. ook :  

    1. De 'Grote vijf' persoonlijkheidstest
      Cfr. :
      http://nl.outofservice.com/bigfive/
    2. De korte persoonlijkheidstest
      Cfr. :
      http://www.123test.nl/persoonlijkheidtest/
    3. De persoonlijkheidstest
      Cfr. :
      http://www.goodfeeling.nl/persoonlijkheid.html

    19-11-2009 om 00:00 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (1 Stemmen)
    Tags:karakter, karaktereigenschappen, persoonlijkheidskenmerken, persoonlijkheidstest
    » Reageer (0)
    18-11-2009
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Vaccinatie risicogroepen H1N1
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen

















     

    Vaccinatie risicogroepen H1N1

    Het is niet de bedoeling om zoveel mogelijk mensen te vaccineren,
    wel om zoveel mogelijk mensen in te enten die echt een risico lopen


    Nederland

    Grensgevallen H1N1-vaccinatie van kastje naar muur

    Gezondheidsnet.nl, 16-11-2009 – Bron : Huisarts Vandaag - http://www.huisartsvandaag.nl/ -

    GROOTEGAST - Zwangeren die binnenkort gaan bevallen en hun huisgenoten willen laten inenten tegen de Mexicaanse griep, worden door de GGD terug naar de huisarts gestuurd.
    De huisarts mag echter geen mensen inenten die buiten de risicogroepen vallen.

    Vaccinatie risicogroepen H1N1 volgende week van start
    LHV – Medischcontact.artsennet.nl, Nr. 45, rubriek 'Federatienieuws', p. 1890 – 04-11-2009
    Deze week ontvangen alle huisartspraktijken in Nederland de vaccins voor de eerste vaccinatieronde tegen het H1N1-virus, de Mexicaanse griep.
    In totaal worden ruim 5 miljoen vaccins afgeleverd bij de huisartsen voor de eerste ronde.
    Een week later kan deze eerste vaccinatieronde beginnen.
    De doelgroep voor deze vaccinatie komt grotendeels overeen met de risicogroepen die de huisarts jaarlijks voor vaccinatie tegen de seizoensgriep oproept.
    Mensen met een medisch risico en gezonde 60-plussers hebben van hun huisarts een uitnodiging gekregen voor de pandemische vaccinatie.
    De vaccinatie wordt ook aangeboden aan mantelzorgers van mensen met een zeer hoog risico op ernstige ziekte en sterfte door griep.
    Onder mantelzorgers wordt verstaan: huisgenoten die contact hebben met genoemde patiëntencategorieën en daarmee vergelijkbare contacten.
    LHV en NHG adviseren hun leden om aan de hand van de lijst met opgeroepen patiënten te bepalen voor welke patiënten het nuttig is om de mantelzorgers te vaccineren.
    De betreffende patiënten kunnen vervolgens hun mantelzorgers vragen naar hun eigen huisarts te gaan.
    Het vaccin wordt ook beschikbaar gesteld aan gezonde zwangeren vanaf de vierde maand, maar de huisarts roept hen niet actief op.
    De Gezondheidsraad heeft bewust gekozen voor de omschrijving van ‘vaccin moet beschikbaar zijn’ in plaats van ‘adviseren om te vaccineren’ voor gezonde zwangeren.
    De reden is dat het vaccin tegen Nieuwe Influenza A (H1N1) nog niet getest is bij zwangeren.
    Onderzoeksresultaten van het vaccin tegen de jaarlijkse seizoensgriep bij zwangeren laat zien dat zich hierbij geen bijzonderheden voordoen.
    Voor de zekerheid is gekozen voor een contra-indicatie in het eerste trimester, omdat dat de meest kwetsbare periode is voor de vrucht.
    Om zwangeren goed te informeren, verstrekt VWS voorlichtingsfolders aan verloskundigen, gynaecologen en verloskundig actieve huisartsen.
    Tot slot heeft ook een deel van het zorgpersoneel recht op vaccinatie.
    Dit gaat bijvoorbeeld om medewerkers van ziekenhuizen, ambulancediensten en verloskundigen.
    Criterium is het risico voor kwetsbare patiënten.
    Vaccinatie van zorgpersoneel loopt via de werkgever.
    De LHV heeft met de KNOV afgesproken dat verloskundigen bij hun huisarts terecht kunnen voor vaccinatie.
    Mensen die niet tot een risicogroep behoren, komen niet in aanmerking voor H1N1-vaccinatie.
    Minister Klink van VWS vroeg de Gezondheidsraad op 19 oktober om de eerdere adviezen over vaccinatie tegen het licht te houden.
    Hij wil weten of deze nog overeenkomen met de nieuwste inzichten over Nieuwe Influenza A.
    Zo vroeg hij onder andere of jongeren in aanmerking moeten komen voor vaccinatie.
    Cfr. :
    http://medischcontact.artsennet.nl/blad/Tijdschriftartikel/Vaccinatie-risicogroepen-H1N1-volgende-week-van-start.htm

    Huisgenoten van zwangeren die gaan bevallen, vallen niet binnen de risicogroepen – cfr. : http://www.gezondheidsnet.nl/de-mexicaanse-griep/nieuws/3708/klink-neemt-vaccinatieadvies-gezondheidsraad-over - en krijgen dus geen oproep van de GGD.
    Het nog niet geboren kind is namelijk nog niet bekend bij de Gemeentelijke Basis Administratie (GBA) van waaruit pasgeboren kinderen en hun huisgenoten opgeroepen worden.

    De GGD verwijst ook mensen die op vakantie zijn tijdens de inentingsdagen naar de huisarts.
    Maar deze kan en mag deze mensen niet inenten.
    Minister Klink heeft zelfs gedreigd met de tuchtrechter als dokters mensen gaan vaccineren die niet in een risicogroep vallen.
    Op dit moment is nog niet bekend hoe deze grensgevallen behandeld gaan worden.

    Huisgenoten van zwangeren die gaan bevallen, vallen niet binnen de risicogroepen en krijgen dus geen oproep van de GGD.
    Het nog niet geboren kind is namelijk nog niet bekend bij de Gemeentelijke Basis Administratie (GBA) van waaruit pasgeboren kinderen en hun huisgenoten opgeroepen worden.

    De GGD verwijst ook mensen die op vakantie zijn tijdens de inentingsdagen naar de huisarts.
    Maar deze kan en mag deze mensen niet inenten.

    Minister Klink heeft zelfs gedreigd met de tuchtrechter als dokters mensen gaan vaccineren die niet in een risicogroep vallen.
    Op dit moment is nog niet bekend hoe deze grensgevallen behandeld gaan worden.

    Cfr. : http://www.gezondheidsnet.nl/de-mexicaanse-griep/nieuws/3724/grensgevallen-h1n1-vaccinatie-van-kastje-naar-muur


                      Michel D'Hooghe

    België

    Vaccinatie Mexicaanse griep bij huisartsen van start

    Knack.rnews.be, 06-11-2009

    Vanaf zaterdag 7 november kunnen risicogroepen zich bij de huisarts laten vaccineren tegen de Mexicaanse griep.
    Er zijn 1,3 miljoen vaccins ter beschikking.

    De tweede vaccinatiecampagne richt zich op een aantal doelgroepen, zoals zwangere vrouwen en ouders van kinderen die jonger zijn dan zes maanden.

    Ook mensen die werken in het onderwijs, de kinderopvang en de gezondheidszorg komen in aanmerking.
    Dat geldt ook voor mensen met medische risicofactoren.

    Het vaccin is niet vrij te koop en dus niet beschikbaar voor mensen die niet tot de risicogroepen behoren.

    Het is niet de bedoeling om zoveel mogelijk mensen te vaccineren, wel om zoveel mogelijk mensen in te enten die echt een risico lopen”, aldus federaal minister van Volksgezondheid Laurette Onkelinx.

    De risicogroepen kunnen vanaf zaterdag een afspraak maken bij hun huisarts om zich te laten vaccineren.

    Het vaccin tegen het A/H1N1-virus is gratis.
    De consultatie bij de dokter wordt volledig terugbetaald”, aldus griepcommissaris Marc Van Ranst.

    Cfr. : http://knack.rnews.be/nieuws/belgie/vaccinatie-mexicaanse-griep-bij-huisartsen-van-start/site72-section24-article42157.html


    18-11-2009 om 16:39 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:60-plussers, ambulancediensten, gynaecologen, H1N1-vaccinatie, huisarts, inenten, jongeren, kinderopvang, mantelzorgers, Mexicaanse griep, onderwijs, pandemie, risicogroepen H1N1, seizoensgriep, verloskundigen, ziekenhuizen, zorgpersoneel, zwangeren
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Geopereerd Prof. Johann Bauer - Een update (Greta)
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen




     



     

    Zoals beloofd
    hou ik jullie op de hoogte... 

    Cfr. 'Geopereerd Prof. Johann Bauer' – dit blog dd. 08-11-2009


    Op 16-11-2009 schreef Greta in mijn dagboek :

    Dag Jules en allen die op dit blog een kijkje nemen,

    Zoals beloofd hou ik jullie op de hoogte na mijn operatie van 21-10-2009 door prof. Bauer in Baar (Zwitserland), 4 weken geleden al ondertussen.

    Wat Dr. Bauer me voorspelde qua pijn klopt heel precies : omdat ik in zo'n erge mate fibro heb, had hij gezegd dat ik na de operatie nog veel meer pijn zou kunnen hebben dan ervoor en dat ik die 1ste operatie niet zoveel zou voelen.

    Dat is ook zo, al heb ik in mijn eerste berichtje hier (cfr. 'Geopereerd Prof. Johann Bauer' – dd. 08-11-2009) geschreven dat ik me werkelijk beter voelde...

    Dat wás ook zo - ik zag het weer volkomen zitten - maar vorige week was de hevige pijn er weer.
    Ik ben ondertussen mijn morfine met 12,5 mg ook aan het afbouwen en dat voel ik enorm, dat is weer afkicken...
    Ik ben vorige week echt heel erg ziek geweest.
    Ik kon zelfs mijn bed niet uit en ik kon weer niks meer eten.
    Ik voel maar al te goed dat dit mede komt door de stress hier thuis is : ik kan werkelijk tegen niks meer !

    Ja, als je weer thuis komt...
    We hebben een eigen zaak en ik mag niet meer werken.
    Dat is voor mij niet om aan te zien !
    Al was ik genoeg verwittigd dat ik de eerste weken na de operatie nog niks mocht doen heb ik vorige week weer ietske teveel hooi op de vork genomen.
    Maar wat moet ik doen ?
    Er is niks geregeld, door niemand : ik zorg altijd zélf voor alles...
    Nu voel ik werkelijk dat ik niet meer kán.
    Ik ben gewoon heel erg moe en wil slapen !
    Ik moét afstand nemen, maar dat is heel erg moeilijk voor mij...

    Gisteren zondag 15/11 lag ik hier alweer doodziek in bed.

    Slapen ging heel erg slecht de afgelopen dagen, zelfs na inname van mijn slaapmedicatie.
    De krampen in mijn benen en voeten zijn heel veel verergerd.

    Zoals gezegd had Prof. Bauer dat voorspeld.
    Hij had gelijk, dat geef ik hier eerlijk toe !

    Gisteren hat ik dan ook in een serieuze dip.

    Ik had alweer de pijn aan mijn rechtervoet.
    Daar begint het altijd.
    Maar met de morfinepleisters aan mijn rechtervoet te vernieuwen (om de 2 dagen) ben ik vandaag een stuk beter.

    Als gevolg van een week niet kunnen slapen heb ik een hele grote afte in mijn mond gekregen.
    Vroeger had ik er soms 4 ineens !
    Deze keer had ze de grootte van een 2-eurocentje.
    Ik kan amper iets eten.
    Niet te verwonderen dat ik al bij al zeker nog niet ben verzwaard...

    Vandaag is er toch weer wat hoop, al heb ik nu op het ogenblik alweer ferme krampen in mijn voeten en benen.
    Ik heb boodschappen gedaan met mijn dochter.
    Bovendien was ik gisteren zeer zenuwachtig, want afhankelijk zijn van iemand ligt niet in mijn aard : ik heb altijd ánderen geholpen, ik ben geen vrager, maar een gever, altijd geweest...

    Nu is het uitkijken naar mijn 2de operatie (aan mijn R-been).

    Ik weet het, de prof had me eerlijk gezegd dat het er na die eerste operatie nog niet in zat, maar ik hoop dat ik na deze tweede operatie toch al een beetje verschil zal merken.
    Morgen stuur ik hem een mailtje.

    Ondertussen is de operatiepleister verwijderd.
    Het wondje is nu een heel mooi fijn naadje, echt heel fijn gedaan !
    Ik moet het nu elke dag inwrijven met Johannesolie van A. Vogel (want zalf mag niet op de wonde komen).

    Zo beste allemaal, tot zover mijn verhaal.

    Ik hoop dat ik toch nog iets mag ondervinden van de eerste operatie.

    Het enige wat ik nu precies niet meer voel is de pijn in mijn kaakgewrichten en kaakbeenderen (het gevoel alsof ik slaag gekregen heb in mijn gezicht is verdwenen).
    Dat is toch iets positief.

    Ook mijn darmen zijn wel beter.
    Alleen ben ik ook nog heel misselijk, maar dat is veeleer van de morfine.

    Ik hoop de volgende keer iets positever te kunnen schrijven.
    Maar, nogmaals, de prof had me verwittigd dat ik veel slechter kon worden.
    Hij is eerlijk geweest.

    Ik ben hier nu ook eerlijk geweest, maar ik laat de moed niet zakken !
    Ik moet doorgaan !

    Ik heb al een lange weg afgelegd... door de hel die zo stilaan haar poorten mag sluiten.

    Met geduld kom ik er wel... er zijn nog zóveel mensen die ook heel veel pijn hebben en er óók mee moeten leven.

    Ik wil alle mensen met fibro en cvs hierbij een hart onder de riem steken !

    Met vriendelijke groet, 
    Greta.

    18-11-2009 om 15:16 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:aften, Bauer, Dr. Bauer, fibromyalgie, Johann Bauer, krampen, misselijk, moe, morfine, morfinepleisters, operatie, pijn, Prof. Bauer, Prof. Dr. Bauer, Prof. Johann Bauer, slapen
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Weersfactoren oorzaak van hoofdpijn
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen





















       





     

    Weersfactoren oorzaak van hoofdpijn

    Gezondheidsnet.nl, 16-11-2009 - Bron : Pijnstiller Infocentrum - http://www.pijnstillerinfocentrum.nl/ -

    Weersfactoren die hoofdpijn uitlokken zijn onder andere dalende luchtdruk, toenemende bewolking, stijgende vochtigheid, temperatuurswisselingen en toenemende wind.
    Van al deze factoren is dalende luchtdruk het meest van invloed.

    In het najaar kan de luchtdruk van dag tot dag snel veranderen en worden in de regel de laagste waarden van het jaar gemeten.
    Wanneer de luchtdruk snel daalt, zet de lucht in onder andere bij- en voorhoofdsholten uit, waardoor er meer druk op bloedvaten komt te staan.
    Dit kan hoofdpijn tot gevolg hebben.

    Uiteraard lost het drukprobleem zich uiteindelijk vanzelf op.
    Je lichaam stelt zich erop in of de luchtdruk gaat weer omhoog.

    Cfr. : http://www.gezondheidsnet.nl/medisch/nieuws/3725/weersfactoren-oorzaak-van-hoofdpijn


    18-11-2009 om 15:15 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:bewolking, bloedvaten, hoofdpijn, luchtdruk, temperatuurswisselingen, vochtigheid, weersfactoren, wind
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part I
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen

    Dr. Mark J Pellegrino, MD


     





    Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia

    Part I


    Though Dr. Pellegrino published these observations before discovery of the XMRV virus,
    the questions they raise are if anything more relevant today
    .


    Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia

    Dr. Mark J Pellegrino, MD, October 4, 2009 - © 2009 ProHealth, Inc.
    Excerpted from Chapter 10 of Dr. Pellegrino’s very popular book 'Fibromyalgia - Up close and personal' (cfr. :
    https://www.prohealth.com/shop/product.cfm/product__code/BK90 -).

    Dr. Mark J Pellegrino
    Dr. Pellegrino has seen more than 20,000 FM patients in his practice at the Ohio Rehab Center – cfr. : http://www.ohiorehabcenter.com/index.html - and has been a fibromyalgia patient himself since childhood.

    Though Dr. Pellegrino published these observations before discovery of the XMRV virus,
    the questions they raise are if anything more relevant today
    .

    All of us involved with Fibromyalgia, either by treating it or having it, have come to appreciate how complicated this condition is

    Fibromyalgia has different types and subsets (cfr. also Dr. Pellegrino’s articles on “The fibromyalgia spectrum – Part of the Big Picture in Understanding Fibromyalgia” at : http://www.prohealth.com//library/showArticle.cfm?libid=13042 -& “Fibromyalgia – Ultimately a disease of amplified pain” at : http://www.prohealth.com//library/showArticle.cfm?libid=13702 -).
    More than one factor may be involved in causing it.
    Causes may be recognized, but the exact mechanism of how fibromyalgia develops from this cause is not fully known.
    Most importantly, there is more than one way to get fibromyalgia; it is an “end point” condition with multiple ways leading to it.

    I have compiled a list of probable causes of fibromyalgia.
    This list is based on my experiences and understanding of the current literature.
    My opinions on these probable causes may not be shared by everyone.
    My list of probable causes is as follows :

    Like trauma, infection is one of those causes of fibromyalgia that just screams for common sense

    I’ve seen hundreds and hundreds of people whose basic story goes like this : “I was fine, I got a virus, I developed fatigue and pain and I’ve never been the same since”.

    The logical thinking in this scenario is that fibromyalgia was not present before the viral infection.
    There may have been a hereditary predisposition or a vulnerability, but fibromyalgia was not present.
    The virus caused the condition to develop and it has been present since the virus and continues to be present.
    This is a straightforward infectious cause.

    Not all infections are as straightforward

    Many people who have fibromyalgia get a viral infection and find it worsens the fibromyalgia.
    People with active viral infections are at risk for additional infections, particularly bacterial infections which can create additional problems.

    Some people with fibromyalgia are more vulnerable to any type of infection because the fibromyalgia renders them more immunocompromised or more at risk for infection.
    The physician needs to sort out the various possibilities to determine whether an infection is the cause, a consequence or an aggravator of the fibromyalgia.

    The mechanism by which an infection leads to fibromyalgia is probably related to inflammatory or autoimmune changes caused by the infection that starts the fibromyalgia cascade.

    The actual clinical infection resolves and is long gone, yet fibromyalgia symptoms continue :

    • sometimes, the infecting virus or bacteria may hang around and create a persistent low grade infection which activates the autoimmune responses, thereby “triggering” the fibromyalgia

    • many times, though, the infection has long disappeared, but permanent changes occurred in the body and these changes caused fibromyalgia to develop.

    Various viral infections can cause fibromyalgia

    • The Epstein-Barr virus which causes infectious mononucleosis is one;

    • Cytomegalovirus causes a syndrome similar to infectious mononucleosis;

    • Different strains of the influenza virus can also result in fibromyalglia;

    • The adenoviruses, especially Type II, cause common colds, bronchitis and various upper respiratory infections and may lead to fibromyalgia;

    • Human Herpes Virus 6 has also been implicated;

    • Reactive fibromyalgia has been described in patients with AIDS and hepatitis.

    Sometimes viral titers can be directly measured to demonstrate that an acute infection has occurred.
    This concentration can be correlated with the clinical development of fibromyalgia.
    Many times, though, the exact offending virus is not known, but we can still categorize the fibromyalgia as one that was caused by an infection, probably a viral infection, if it fits clinically.

    Bacterial infections can also cause fibromyalgia

    I have seen patients who have developed fibromyalgia after sepsis (blood infection) and salmonella infections and one who, I felt, has gotten it from a Listeria infection.
    Some research studies found Mycoplasma incognitos and Chlamydia pneumoniae (for more on this subject cfr. “Chlamydia pneumoniae in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia – An opinion” by Patient Advocate James Kepner (from the Chlamydia pneumoniae Help website) at :
    http://www.prohealth.com//library/showArticle.cfm?libid=127633 -) in patients with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (cfr. “Evidence for bacterial (mycoplasma, Chlamydia) and viral (HHV-6) co-infections in chronic fatigue syndrome patients” by Dr. Garth Nicolson and Dr. Darryl See at : http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1300/J092v11n02_02 -).
    These infectious organisms may be causing some of the symptoms.

    Indeed, some of the patients improve with antibiotic therapy.
    Gulf War Syndrome, in part, may have been related to infections from one of these bacteria.
    Symptoms of Gulf War Syndrome include fatigue, headaches, depression, joint and muscle pain, sleep disorders and poor memory (sound familiar ?).

    As of November 2008, a research panel reported their finding that Gulf War illness is real and “is the result of neurotoxic exposures” (cfr. 'Gulf War Syndrome finally declared real - Illness caused by exposure to pesticides and other neurotoxic chemicals' at : http://www.prohealth.com/me-cfs/library/showArticle.cfm?libid=14093 -) as discussed in Chapter 10 under 'Chemical exposure as a probable cause of FM']

    Fibromyalgia can be caused by yeast and parasite infections

    I have seen some patients who developed it following a severe Candida yeast infection and others following parasite infections such as Giardia (cfr. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardia -).
    Most of the time, yeast or parasite infections occur in patients after the fibromyalgia has already developed.
    These infections may aggravate the preexisting fibromyalgia or cause it to flare up.

    Fibromyalgia may predispose us to these infections by interfering with our immune function.
    On the other hand, these infections can sometimes cause the fibromyalgia by “triggering” the fibromyalgia cascade.
    Many of the symptoms of a chronic Candida yeast infection (cfr. also Dr. Pellegrino's article "Candidiasis - Yeast infection and nutritional tepair" at :
    http://www.prohealth.com/library/showArticle.cfm?libid=12385 -) such as fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, bloating, allergies, altered immune response, and skin conditions - overlap with fibromyalgia symptoms.
    This can make it difficult to “separate” the two conditions and determine cause and effect relationships.

    As I’ve mentioned, some infections come in, do their damage and disappear.
    The infectious agent is no longer present in the body and thus can’t be detected at a later point in time.
    Other infectious agents may hang around in the body and establish a chronic infection; one that perhaps can be detected with blood tests.

    What remains to be seen is whether these chronic infections can be eradicated with antibiotic treatment and, if so, will the fibromyalgia symptoms disappear ?
    Or has the fibromyalgia already established itself as a separate entity which does not disappear with the antibiotic treatment ?

    Hopefully we will have these answers in the near future.
    [But]… one thing is certain : we will continue to learn more about fibromyalgia and understand it better.

    Cfr. : http://www.prohealth.com/fibromyalgia/library/showArticle.cfm?libid=14187&B1=EM110409F


    Cfr. also :

    1. A 37 kDa 2-5A binding protein as a potential biochemical marker for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
      De Meirleir K, Bisbal C, Campine I, De Becker P, Salehzada T, Demettre E, Lebleu B, Department of Human Physiology and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium - Am J Med. 2000 Feb;108(2):99-105 - PMID: 11126321
      Purpose -
      Recent studies have revealed abnormalities in the ribonuclease L pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome.
      We conducted a blinded study to detect possible differences in the distribution of 2-5A binding proteins in the cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and controls.
      Patients and methods - We studied 57 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and 53 control subjects (28 healthy subjects and 25 patients with depression or fibromyalgia).
      A radioactive probe was used to label 2-5A binding proteins in unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell extracts and to compare their distribution in the three groups.
      Results - A 37 kDa 2-5A binding polypeptide was found in 50 (88%) of the 57 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared with 15 (28%) of the 53 controls (P < 0.01).
      When present, the amount of 37 kDa protein was very low in the control groups.
      When expressed as the ratio of the 37 kDa protein to the 80 kDa protein, 41 (72%) of the 57 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome had a ratio > 0.05, compared with 3 (11%) of the 28 healthy subjects and none of the patients with fibromyalgia or depression.
      Conclusion - The presence of a 37 kDa 2-5A binding protein in extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells may distinguish patients with chronic fatigue syndrome from healthy subjects and those suffering from other diseases.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126321
      Also read the comments on this article :
      - Chronic fatigue syndrome
      Van Houdenhove B, Vanthuyne S, Neerinckx E - Am J Med. 2000 Aug 15;109(3):257-9 - PMID: 11023437
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023437?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract
      - Is there a Gulf War syndrome ?
      Podell RN - Am J Med. 2000 Dec 15;109(9):744 - PMID: 11188785
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11188785?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract
      - The biology of chronic fatigue syndrome
      Komaroff AL - Am J Med. 2000 Feb;108(2):169-71 - PMID: 11126311
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126311?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract
      - Chronic fatigue syndrome - The fundamentals still apply
      Manu P - Am J Med. 2000 Feb;108(2):172-3 - PMID: 11126312

      Cfr. : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11126312?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract

    2. A family history study of chronic fatigue syndrome
      Walsh CM, Zainal NZ, Middleton SJ, Paykel ES, University Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK - Psychiatr Genet. 2001 Sep;11(3):123-8 - PMID: 11702053
      Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by unexplained, disabling fatigue and is associated with high rates of comorbid depression.
      While the aetiology is unknown, findings from recent twin surveys suggest that genetic factors may be relevant to prolonged fatigue states (> 1 month).
      To date, however, there has been no exploration of the role of familial/genetic factors in operationally defined CFS.
      The aims of the present study were: (i) to examine whether CFS is familial by comparing the rates of CFS in the first-degree relatives of CFS cases and medical control subjects; and (ii) to determine whether the high rate of comorbid depression in CFS is reflected in a greater familial loading for affective disorder.
      Twenty-five CFS cases and 36 medical control subjects were assessed for fatigue symptoms based on the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for CFS and for lifetime psychiatric symptoms using the Schedule for Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders-Lifetime Version.
      Informant family history was obtained regarding first-degree relatives using the CDC criteria and the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria.
      In addition, informant history was supplemented by sending a questionnaire to first-degree relatives.
      There were significantly higher rates of CFS in the relatives of CFS cases compared with the relatives of control subjects.
      The rate of depression in the CFS cases was similar to previous studies but did not appear to reflect a greater familial loading for depression when compared with control subjects.
      However, these analyses were complicated by higher than expected rates of depression in the control group.
      These findings suggest that familial factors are important in the aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11702053

    3. Abnormal impedance cardiography predicts symptom severity in chronic fatigue syndrome
      Peckerman A, LaManca JJ, Dahl KA, Chemitiganti R, Qureishi B, Natelson BH, Department of Neurosciences, CFS Cooperative Research Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA : apeckerm@njneuromed.org - Am J Med Sci. 2003 Aug;326(2):55-60 - PMID: 12920435
      Background - Findings indicative of a problem with circulation have been reported in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
      We examined this possibility by measuring the patient's cardiac output and assessing its relation to presenting symptoms.
      Methods
      - Impedance cardiography and symptom data were collected from 38 patients with CFS grouped into cases with severe (n = 18) and less severe (n = 20) illness and compared with those from 27 matched, sedentary control subjects.
      Results
      - The patients with severe CFS had significantly lower stroke volume and cardiac output than the controls and less ill patients.
      Postexertional fatigue and flu-like symptoms of infection differentiated the patients with severe CFS from those with less severe CFS (88.5% concordance) and were predictive (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.0002) of lower cardiac output.
      In contrast, neuropsychiatric symptoms showed no specific association with cardiac output.
      Conclusions
      - These results provide a preliminary indication of reduced circulation in patients with severe CFS.
      Further research is needed to confirm this finding and to define its clinical implications and pathogenetic mechanisms.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920435

    4. Activation of human monocytes by the pineal hormone melatonin
      Morrey KM, McLachlan JA, Serkin CD, Bakouche O, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biologic Chemistry, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611 - J Immunol. 1994 Sep 15;153(6):2671-80 - PMID: 8077674

      To determine the effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on human monocytes, human monocytes were activated by different concentrations of melatonin.
      Above the activation threshold of 5 x 10(-11) M, melatonin was able to induce the cytotoxicity of human monocytes, the secretion of IL-1 and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates.
      Melatonin and LPS seemed to have a synergistic effect on human monocyte activation.
      Indeed, below their respective monocyte activation threshold (5 x 10(-11) M and 0.625 ng/ml), melatonin (10(-12) M) in association with LPS (0.2 ng/ml) was able to induce cytotoxicity, IL-1 secretion and reactive oxygen intermediates production.
      Melatonin alone at 10(-12) M or LPS alone at 0.2 ng/ml did not activate monocytes.
      Furthermore, melatonin was able to prime the monocytes for a subsequent activation by LPS.
      When monocytes were activated by LPS (0.25 ng/ml) at the time that they were plated and then activated by melatonin (10(-12) M) 8 h later, no IL-1 secretion and no cytotoxicity were detected.
      However, when the cells were first activated by melatonin (10(-12) M) and then 8 h later by LPS (0.25 ng/ml), IL-1 secretion and monocyte cytotoxicity were observed.
      Above its monocyte activation threshold, melatonin induces both cell-associated IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta activities.
      Below this activation threshold, i.e., at 10(-12) M, melatonin does not induce the cell-associated IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta activities, but does induce the mRNA for both IL-1 (alpha and beta).
      It seems that melatonin activates monocytes through protein kinase C.
      These data suggest that melatonin activates monocytes and induces their cytotoxic properties, along with the IL-1 secretion.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8077674

    5. Activation of the IFN-inducible RNase L causes apoptosis in animal cells (B. N. FieldsD. M. Knipe, Eds.)
      Margarita Díaz-Guerra1, Carmen Rivas and Mariano Esteban2 -Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, 28049, Spain - 1 Current address: Departamento de Bioquímica (UAM) - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC), C/Arturo Duperier, 4, 28029 Madrid. Spain - 2 To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed : Fax : 341 5854506 – E-mail :
      MESTEBAN@SAMBA.CNB.UAM.ES – Virology, Volume 236, Issue 2, 29 September 1997, Pages 354-363 - © 1997 Academic Press
      The interferon (IFN)-induced enzyme RNase L produced by a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV) causes death of mammalian cells with morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis. Coexpression of 2-5A-synthetase enhances apoptosis induced by RNase L. Activation of endogenous RNase L by infection with a VV ts mutant (ts22) or with wild-type virus in the presence of the antipoxvirus drug isatin-β-thiosemicarbazone, a treatment known to significantly increase the amount of double-stranded RNA late during infection, also causes pronounced apoptosis of infected cells. The effects observed with recombinant virus-derived RNase L or with the endogenous enzyme are specific, since apoptosis also occurs in cells derived from mice lacking the IFN-induced protein kinase (PKR). The apoptosis antagonist Bcl-2 prevents induction of cell death by RNase L activation. Apoptosis of mammalian cells by RNase L activation could be a mechanism mediating anticellular actions of IFN.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WXR-45K15K0-22&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_search
      StrId=1081210930&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion
      =0&_userid=10&md5=ec59327235367bc2e868004cb9b64ac5

    6. Anthrax vaccination and self-reported symptoms, functional status and medical conditions in the National Health Survey of Gulf War Era veterans and their families
      Mahan CM, Kang HK, Dalager NA, Heller JM, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA - Ann Epidemiol. 2004 Feb;14(2):81-8 - PMID: 15018879

      Purpose - To evaluate the health status of Gulf War veterans who reported receipt of anthrax vaccination and a small group of Gulf War veterans for whom documentation of anthrax vaccination exists.
      Methods
      - Among the 11,441 Gulf War veterans who completed a health survey, 4601 reported receiving the anthrax vaccine during the war; 2979 veterans reported not receiving it; 3861 were uncertain.
      Also, 352 of these respondents were documented by the Department of Defense as having received anthrax vaccination.
      We compared the medical history of these groups of veterans using multivariate analyses.
      Finally, we analyzed perception of exposure and its relation to reporting bias.
      Results
      - There were statistically significant differences in prevalence for almost all outcomes studied between those who reported having received anthrax vaccination and those who did not so report.
      However, when we compared the veterans for whom vaccination records exist to the group who self-reported that they had not received the vaccine, the significant differences in prevalence for almost all of the outcomes disappeared.
      Conclusions
      - The extent of a reporting bias should be carefully considered when one evaluates the health consequences of anthrax vaccination based on self-reported data.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15018879

    7. Anthrax vaccine
      © 2009 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc.
      Cfr. : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=meds&log$=drug_bottom_one&part=a607013

    8. Anthrax vaccine - Controversy over safety and efficacy
      Garth L. Nicolson and Nancy L. Nicolson, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92649, Meryl Nass, Parkview Hospital, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA & The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92649, USA - Antimicrobics and Infectious Diseases Newsletter, Volume 18, Issue 1, January 2000, Pages 1-6 - © 2000 Published by Elsevier Inc.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T47-4091G3F-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchS
      trId=1080917228&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=
      0&_userid=10&md5=73fc9588103668a8e5ea1f768122094a

    9. Anthrax vaccine - Historical perspective and current controversy
      Nass M, Nicolson GL - J Nut Environ Med 2002; 14:277-286
      Cfr. :
      http://www.military-biodefensevaccines.org/meryl/resume.html

    10. Antibiotics/antivirals recommended when indicated for treatment of Gulf War illness/CFS/FMS/arthritis
      Prof. Garth L. Nicolson, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, 15162 Triton Lane, Huntington Beach, California 92649-1041 – Tel. : (714) 903-2900 – Fax : (714) 379-2082 – E-mail : gnicolson@immed.org – Website : www.immed.org
      Cfr. :
      http://gulfwarcouncil.com/Nicolson-Consideration%20When%20Undergoing%20Treatment%20for%20Chronic%20and%20Autoimmune%20Diseases.htm

    11. Arthritis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
      Rivera J, García-Monforte A, Pineda A, Millán Núñez-Cortés J, Instituto Provincial de Rehabilitación, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain : fling01@sis.ucm.es - J Rheumatol. 1999 Feb;26(2):420-4 - PMID: 9972979
      Objective - To describe the clinical picture of arthritis in patients with chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV).
      Methods - Two patient populations were studied.
      Patients with arthritis and evidence of serum elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) at the consultation were checked for HCV infection.
      A second group of 303 consecutive patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were also checked for the presence of HCV antibodies.
      All patients attended the outpatient rheumatology unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
      Chronic HCV infection was determined by the presence of viral RNA in serum.
      A group of 315 first-time blood donors served as controls.
      Results - Twenty-eight patients with arthritis and chronic HCV infection were identified. Seven fulfilled criteria for RA, psoriatic arthritis was found in one patient, systemic lupus erythematosus in one, gout in 2, chondrocalcinosis in 2, osteoarthritis in 7 and tenosynovitis in one.
      In 7 patients with a clinical picture of intermittent arthritis, a definitive diagnosis could not be made.
      In these patients, mixed cryoglobulinemia was present in 6/7 (86%), whereas mixed cryoglobulinemia was found in 6/21 (28%) of the other patients.
      Among patients with RA, 23 (7.6%) had HCV antibodies and active infection by HCV was found in 7 (2.3%) patients.
      The prevalence of HCV antibodies in a blood donor population was 0.95%, significantly different (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.03, 0.10) compared to patients with RA.
      The distribution of antibodies determined by recombinant immunoblot analysis was similar (p = NS) between RA patients and blood donors with HCV antibodies.
      Conclusion - There is not a single clinical picture of arthritis in patients with chronic HCV infection.
      There is a well defined picture of arthritis associated with the presence of mixed cryoglobulinemia that consists of an intermittent, mono or oligoarticular, nondestructive arthritis affecting large and medium size joints.
      Although a high prevalence of HCV antibodies is suspected in patients with RA, its occurrence may be coincidental and its interpretation is difficult to determine from the data in this study.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9972979?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_Single
      ItemSupl.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=2&log$=relatedarticles&logdbfrom=pubmed

      Also read the comment on this article :
      Human immunodeficiency virus infection and arthritis
      Rivera J, Garcia-Monforte A - J Rheumatol. 2000 May;27(5):1322-3 - PMID: 10813314
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10813314?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract

    12. Association of mycoplasma and human immunodeficiency virus infection - Detection of amplified Mycoplasma fermentans DNA in blood
      Hawkins RE, Rickman LS, Vermund SH, Carl M, Department of Internal Medicine, National Naval Medical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland - J Infect Dis. 1992 Mar;165(3):581-5 - PMID: 1538164
      A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Mycoplasma fermentans infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using polymerase chain reaction methodology.
      Targeted M. fermentans DNA sequences could be amplified from the DNA extracted from the blood of 6 (11%) of 55 HIV-seropositive patients but from none of 26 HIV-seronegative subjects at low risk for HIV infection (P = .17).
      There was no correlation between M. fermentans infection and HIV clinical stage.
      There was a nonsignificant trend toward an association between M. fermentans infection and a history of syphilis.
      Infection with M. fermentans may occur more commonly in HIV-infected patients; however, a role as a copathogen or opportunistic infection was not established in this study.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1538164

    13. Bacterial and Viral Co-Infections in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) Patients
      Bacterial and viral co-infections in chronic fatigue syndrome patients
      Garth L. Nicolson,(1) PhD, Marwan Y. Nasralla,(2) PhD, Kenny De Meirleir,(3) MD, PhD and Jeorg Haier,(4)MD, PhD – (1) The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California, USA – (2) International Molecular Diagnostics, Inc., Huntington Beach, California, USA – (3) Department of Internal Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium and (4) Department of Surgery, Wilhelm-University, Munster, Germany – Correspondence : Prof. Garth L. Nicolson, Office of the President, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, 15162 Triton Lane, Huntington Beach, California 92649. Tel. : 714-903-2900; Fax : 714-379-2082; Email : gnicolson@immed.org - Website : www.immed.org - ProHealth, June 14, 2002
      A majority of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients have systemic bacterial and viral infections.
      In our study of 200 CFS patients we found a high prevalence (52%) of Mycoplasmal infections.
      Using forensic polymerase chain reaction we also examined whether these same CFS patients showed evidence of co-infections with various Mycoplasmas, Chlamydia pneumoniae and/or Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6).
      We found that 7.5% of the patients had C. pneumoniae and 30.5% had HHV-6 infections.
      Since the presence of one or more infections may predispose patients to other infections, we examined the prevalence of C. pneumoniae and HHV-6 infections in Mycoplasma-positive and -negative patients.
      Unexpectedly, we found that the incidence of C. pneumoniae or HHV-6 was similar in Mycoplasma-positive and -negative patients.
      Also, the incidence of C. pneumoniae in HHV-6-positive and -negative patients was similar.
      Control subjects had low rates of Mycoplasmal (6%), HHV-6 (9%) or chlamydial (1%) infections and there were no co-infections in control subjects.
      Differences in bacterial and/or viral infections in CFS patients compared to control subjects were significant (P<0.001).
      The results indicate that a very large subset of CFS patients show evidence of bacterial and viral co-infections.
      Full text at :
      -
      http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?id=3635&t=CFIDS_FM
      - http://www.immed.org/Fatigue%20Illness/Netal_co_MycoAust02%5B1%5D.1.rtf

    14. Bacterial products, cytokines and sleep
      JM Krueger L Johannsen, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163 - J Rheumatol Suppl. 1989 Nov;19:52-7 - PMID: 2691682
      Sleep deprivation, infection and administration of muramyl peptides or certain other immune response modifiers all alter sleep.
      Sleep, temperature and hematologic effects observed after bacterial infection are also elicited after administration of isolated bacterial cell walls.
      Macrophages have the capability to digest bacterial peptidoglycan and in the process produce pyrogenic and somnogenic substances of low molecular weight.
      Activated macrophages also produce cytokines and some of these e.g., interleukin-1 (IL-1), are somnogenic.
      Our results emphasize the close connection of the infection process, fever and sleep.
      Muramyl peptides and/or IL-1 may also be involved in daily regulation of sleep.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2691682

    15. Baseline mood and psychosocial characteristics of patients developing depressive symptoms during interleukin-2 and/or interferon-alpha cancer therapy
      Capuron L, Ravaud A, Miller AH, Dantzer R, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA : lcapuro@emory.edu - Brain Behav Immun. 2004 May;18(3):205-13 - PMID: 15050647
      It has been suggested that patients with subclinical mood symptoms prior to initiating cytokine treatment (as revealed by elevated baseline scores on depression rating scales) are more likely to become clinically depressed during the course of cytokine therapy.
      The present study was designed to identify which specific preexisting symptoms predict development of depressive symptomatology during treatment with the cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and/or interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), in patients with cancer.
      Thirty-two patients with renal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma eligible to receive treatment with IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha were enrolled in the study.
      At baseline and after one month of cytokine therapy (endpoint), depressive symptoms were assessed using the clinician-administered Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS).
      Illness-related coping strategies, social support, somatic complaints, quality of sleep and demographic factors were also assessed as relevant baseline predictive factors.
      MADRS scores significantly increased during cytokine therapy.
      Patients with moderate to marked depressive symptomatology at study endpoint exhibited higher baseline scores in dimensions of the MADRS scale assessing emotional (especially reported sadness), cognitive (especially pessimistic thoughts) and neurovegetative (sleep disturbances) symptoms compared to patients who remained free of depressive symptoms during cytokine therapy.
      Interestingly, only emotional symptoms and sleep disturbance at baseline, along with low social support, predicted severity of depressive symptoms at the end of the first month of therapy.
      By documenting specific behavioral vulnerability factors for cytokine-induced depressive symptoms, these findings may help identify patients at risk for mood disturbances during cytokine treatment and help target specific patient populations and specific symptoms for preventative strategies.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15050647

    16. Biochemical dysregulation of the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L antiviral defense pathway in chronic fatigue syndrome
      Suhadolnik RJ, Peterson DL, Cheney PR, Horvath SE, Reichenbach NL, O’Brien K et al. - Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1999; 5:223-42

    17. Biochemical evidence for a novel low molecular weight 2-5A-dependent RNase L in chronic fatigue syndrome
      Suhadolnik RJ, Peterson DL, O'Brien K, Cheney PR, Herst CV, Reichenbach NL, Kon N, Horvath SE, Iacono KT, Adelson ME, De Meirleir K, De Becker P, Charubala R, Pfleiderer W, Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA - J Interferon Cytokine Res. 1997 Jul;17(7):377-85 - PMID: 9243369

      Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated a statistically significant dysregulation in several key components of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase/RNase L and PKR antiviral pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (Suhadolnik et al. Clin Infect Dis 18, S96-104, 1994; Suhadolnik et al. In Vivo 8, 599-604, 1994). Two methodologies have been developed to further examine the upregulated RNase L activity in CFS. First, photoaffinity labeling of extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the azido 2-5A photoaffinity probe, [32P]pApAp(8-azidoA), followed by immunoprecipitation with a polyclonal antibody against recombinant, human 80-kDa RNase L and analysis under denaturing conditions. A subset of individuals with CFS was identified with only one 2-5A binding protein at 37 kDa, whereas in extracts of PBMC from a second subset of CFS PBMC and from healthy controls, photolabeled/immunoreactive 2-5A binding proteins were detected at 80, 42, and 37 kDa. Second, analytic gel permeation HPLC was completed under native conditions. Extracts of healthy control PBMC revealed 2-5A binding and 2-5A-dependent RNase L enzyme activity at 80 and 42 kDa as determined by hydrolysis of poly(U)-3'-[32P]pCp. A subset of CFS PBMC contained 2-5A binding proteins with 2-5A-dependent RNase L enzyme activity at 80, 42, and 30 kDa. However, a second subset of CFS PBMC contained 2-5A binding and 2-5A-dependent RNase L enzyme activity only at 30 kDa. Evidence is provided indicating that the RNase L enzyme dysfunction in CFS is more complex than previously reported.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9243369

    18. British Society for Allergy and Environmental Medicine - Comments on the Gulf-War or human laboratory
      Nicolson GL, Nicolson NL - Med Confl Surviv 1996; 12:260-262
      Cfr. :
      http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a783312384

    19. Candidiasis - Yeast infection and nutritional repair - Causes, symptoms, testing, natural treatments and probiotic strategies, anti-yeast/weight loss diet and trigger avoidance
      Mark J. Pellegrino, MD – ProHealth, December 6, 2006
      What would you say if I told you we had millions of Dr. Jekyll's living in our bodies, each waiting for the opportune time to turn into Mr. Hyde ?
      We all have little round whitish organisms in our body known as Candida albicans that can lose their innocence and become rather vicious creatures that attack our bodies.
      Candida albicans is fungus or yeast that normally thrives in the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, vagina and skin.
      In healthy individuals this yeast is helpful in digestion and vitamin production and it is harmless because it is kept in check by beneficial bacteria and other yeast such as Lactobacillus acidophilus that occupies the same space.
      When the balance of intestinal bacteria and yeast is altered or your immune system becomes compromised, the Candida can overgrow, transforming from a benign yeast into an aggressive fungus that releases numerous toxins and can cause many symptoms.
      When fungal growth exceeds the body’s ability to control it, the friendly Candida becomes unfriendly and cause a yeast infection.
      1. - Causes of Candida
      Various causes of Candidiasis (Candida infection) include :
      - Chronic illnesses or stress
      For example, diabetic patients, hospitalized patients and cancer patients all have low resistance to infection.
      - Antibiotic use
      This destroys normal bacteria and Lactobacillus acidophilus, but spares the Candida.
      - Birth control pills
      The estrogen favors Candida multiplication.
      -
      Cortisone medicine
      - Immunosuppressive drugs
      - Pregnancy

      Hormonal changes favor increased Candida growth.
      - Diets high in sugar and carbohydrates
      Candida loves glucose !
      - Thyroid medicine
      Increases Candida risk.
      - Warm moist areas
      Tight nylons, wet diapers, people who work as dish washers; all this can lead to Candida dermatitis.
      - Alcohol
      Another food for the Candida.
      Those with Fibromyalgia often have multiple risk factors, particularly the altered immune system, the chronic stress and the carbohydrate sensitivity.
      Throw in the woman... who is on birth control pills, thyroid medicine and recently took a course of antibiotics for bronchitis and you have a recipe for “Candisaster”!
      When Candida albicans transforms into an invasive fungal state, it produces rhizoids which are long root-like structures.
      Rhizoids can penetrate the intestinal walls and leave microscopic holes that allow toxins, undigested food particles, bacteria and yeast to enter the blood stream.
      This “invasion” leads to many symptoms.
      2. - Candidiasis symptoms
      -
      Bloating
      - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
      - Chronic heartburn
      - Oral thrush (white spots on the mouth and tongue)
      - Vaginal yeast infection
      - Skin rashes
      - Skin itching
      - Vulvar pain and itching
      - Rectal itching
      - Fatigue
      - Irritability
      - Fibrofog
      - Food cravings (especially carbohydrates)
      - Malnutition (poor nutrient absorption)
      - Food allergies
      - Depression
      - Bad breath.
      As you can see there is much overlap of Candidiasis symptoms with fibromyalgia symptoms.
      These two conditions “feed” into each other where the fibromyalgia makes one have more problems with the Candidiasis and the Candidiasis causes symptoms that can aggravate the fibromyalgia.
      If I suspect Candidiasis, I will treat it separately from the fibromyalgia because this often leads to much improvement of fibromyalgia symptoms as well as correcting the Candida problem.
      3. - Testing for Candida
      A simple home test for Candidiasis can be performed.
      Dr. Kelly Hannigan described a test you can take (Health Points 8 (2) 2003).
      Before you go to sleep at night set a clear glass of water next to your bed.
      When you wake up in the morning (before you clear your throat, swallow or speak), deposit your saliva into the glass of water.
      If within 30 minutes your saliva sinks to the bottom or there are strands of saliva running down into the water or the water turns cloudy, you probably have an abundance of yeast in your body.
      Lab testing can be done for a definitive diagnosis of Candidiasis. Saliva, stool and blood samples can all be tested to look for specific immunoglobulin antibodies against Candida.
      These tests are not routinely covered by insurance companies so the patient has to pay for these tests, which are usually several hundred dollars.
      Since intestinal Candidiasis is so common and easily identified with careful history of symptoms and since treatments are low-risk and well-tolerated, I will usually treat Candidiasis based on the clinical exam (history and physical) and not always order a specific yeast test.
      4. - Candidiasis treatment
      The strategies for treating Candidiasis are focused on rebalancing the intestinal bacteria and yeast.
      Candida that has overgrown needs to be killed and suppressed.
      The “good” yeast and bacterial needs to be replenished and the gastrointestinal tract needs to be rebalanced.
      Here are some strategies used to rebalance the intestinal tract.
      Antiyeast products - Prescribed medicines
      Prescribed medicines to treat Candida include Nystatin (mycostatin) and Fluconazole (Diflucan). Nystatin is available in tablet and liquid form.
      The liquid form is used to treat oral thrush (“swish and swallow”).
      The tablet forms are used for intestinal Candidiasis and they are usually well tolerated, although some people have some nausea or diarrhea with them.
      Patients may need to be on this medicine for several months and some of them need to be on maintenance dose for long-term Candida management.
      Nystatin kills off Candida, but does not harm the Lactobacillus or bacteria.
      Fluconazole is another antifungal medicine that is given to treat Candidiasis.
      Sometimes one tablet or two tablets only are used to treat a vaginal yeast infection.
      However, a vaginal yeast infection or recurring vaginal yeast infections in women are a sign of more widespread Candidiasis; the vaginal yeast infection is actually the “tip of the iceberg”.
      In treating intestinal or more widespread Candidiasis, Diflucan may need to be used for weeks instead of days.
      Antiyeast products - Natural treatments
      Natural antiyeast treatments include herbal products such as enteric coated oregano extract and olive leaf extract (Oleuropein).
      Olive leaf extract has the ability to attack Candida and other potential harmful microorganisms while sparing the helpful ones.
      To treat Candida, two capsules every eight hours on an empty stomach are recommended.
      Olive leaf extract can be used in conjunction with the prescribed antibiotic or can be used as a first line anti-Candida treatment.
      5. - Herxheimer's reaction
      Herxheimer’s reaction can occur when the Candida die off (this reaction typically involves flu-like symptoms and results when infective agents are killed/toxins are released faster than the kidneys and liver can remove them via the natural detoxification process).
      A sudden die-off of Candida can release a lot of toxins and the result may be aggravation of symptoms.
      Whereas this is not necessarily a bad thing, this type of reaction can cause significant discomfort, so we usually back off on the medicine to a lower dose to avoid a rapid die-off and to allow a slower and steadier die-off of Candida.
      To minimize Herxheimer’s reaction when taking Nystatin I have patients start with one Nystatin tablet on the first day and then increase by one tablet a day until the desired dose of six tablets a day is being taken.
      A slow die-off of the Candida is preferred as it allows the gastrointestinal tract to better rebalance and not create sudden changes that a rapid die-off can cause.
      Plus a slower die-off allows the friendly yeast and bacteria to gradually fill the spaces and help rebuild the intestines.
      6. - Friendly replenishers (probiotics & prebiotics)
      Lactobacillus acidophilus and the good bacteria are called probiotics.
      These “friendly” yeast and bacteria help with digestion and vitamin production and when Candida has died off, these friendly probiotics are necessary to help rebuild the gastrointestinal flora by filling the spaces where Candida used to be and restoring proper balance.
      An acidophilus supplement is recommended to help replenish the flora.
      Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are the food source for healthy bacteria.
      Any good nutrient (FOS) for the probiotics (acidophilus and other friendly bacteria) is called prebiotic.
      I like to use a…prebiotic and probiotic blend that helps counteract Candida buildup and maintain healthy intestinal flora.
      Acidophilus supplements have done an excellent job of treating irritable bowel syndrome, which reinforces the theory that a lot of irritable bowel flare-up can be related to Candidiasis.
      I usually have patient continue the acidophilus on an ongoing basis, especially when fibromyalgia increases their risk of Candidiasis.

    Go to Part II


    18-11-2009 om 02:24 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:depression, Epstein-Barr virus, fatigue, fatigue, fibromyalgia, genetics, Gulf War Syndrome, headaches, human Herpes Virus 6, infection, infection, influenza virus, joint and muscle pain, Listeria infection, Mycoplasma incognitos, neurotoxic chemicals
    » Reageer (0)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part II
    Klik op de afbeelding om de link te volgen









     

    Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia

    Part II

    7. - Dietary strategies
    The Candida thrive on high sugar concentrations, so a basic diet strategy is cutting back the number of carbs.
    Fermented foods such as soy sauce, vinegar, pickles, cheese and yogurt have high sugar concentrations that feed yeast so these should be avoided.
    The fibromyalgia diet that I described in Chapter 17 is also a good antiyeast diet (cfr. “Why weight gain is a problem with fibro and what to do about it” at :
    http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?id=7468&t=CFIDS_FM -).
    In addition to watching the carbohydrates, you should make sure to get enough fiber in your diet because that will help eliminate toxins and unwanted yeast in the bowel.
    Many people can learn to control Candida yeast overgrowth simply by modifying the diet.
    Often a combination of yeast antibiotic and friendly replenishers is also necessary along with dietary changes.
    8. - Avoid aggravating factors
    If possible, avoid drugs, chemicals and foods that can trigger the Candida and its symptoms.
    Since alcohol can aggravate Candida, it should be avoided or used in moderation.
    Obviously it is not practical to stop thyroid medicine, hormone medicines or other necessary prescribed medicines.
    Likewise, if you develop a bacterial infection, you may require an antibiotic.
    If you must take an antibiotic for a bacterial infection, you might want to also take Nystatin or a natural yeast antibiotic to counteract the potential for Candida overgrowth while on the antibiotic.
    Any prescription medication that you have identified as a cause of Candidiasis should be reviewed with your doctor to see if it can be reduced or changed.
    If you have Candidiasis, you can successfully transform the Candida back to Dr. Jekyll where he can live peacefully in the normal flora neighborhood...
    Cfr. :
    -
    http://www.prohealth.com/library/showArticle.cfm?libid=12385
    -
    http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?id=7553&t=CFIDS_FM

    1. Cardiac insufficiency hypothesis
      M.E. Society of America, (last updated) February 22, 2009
      There is new research from a New Jersey team, authored by Doctors Arnold Peckerman, Benjamin Natelson et al., which found left-ventricular dysfunction following exertion and orthostatic stress in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.
      The WedMD article and the press release are available at the link below.
      In an NIH-funded study on impedance cardiography also linked below, Peckerman and Natelson found that low cardiac output correlated with symptom severity in ME/CFS.
      Dr. A. Martin Lerner holds U.S. patents for the diagnosis of ME/CFS in the chronic mononucleosis subset of this disease using 24-hour Holter monitoring.
      He argues that a prominent subset of the disease is a prolonged, chronic mononucleosis following infection with Epstein Barr virus (EBV), Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) or both and/or possibly Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV-6).
      Viral infection persists in the heart, causing left-ventricular dysfunction, producing exercise intolerance.
      Exercise, in turn, worsens the cardiac dysfunction.
      He has also postulated that the disease is an early dilated cardiomyopathy that in later stages might result in progressive, end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy, a type of heart failure.
      Dilated cardiomyopathy is sometimes viewed as "idiopathic" or "Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy" (IDC).
      In an editorial response titled "Microbial Persistence and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy" Dr. Lerner has postulated that these viruses may be the etiological link.
      More recently, physicist, physician, long-time ME/CFS researcher and clinician and heart-transplant recipient Paul Cheney, M.D., Ph.D., has offered an alternative theory that a subset of ME/CFS patients suffer from a diastolic cardiomyopathy, a problem with ventricular filling resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction and low ATP energy in the heart.
      To view a streaming video of a three-hour talk by Dr. Cheney on diastolic cardiomyopathy and ME/CFS, click :
      http://www.cfids-cab.org/MESA/CFS_Dist.htm -.
      This video can be accessed with a broadband connection only.
      The video cannot be properly viewed using a dial-up modem.
      Because there may be many people trying to access the video at once, our server may become temporarily overloaded.
      Please try back again if you encounter this problem or if the video does not play for the full three hours.
      Note that some of the most informative parts of this three-hour talk occur in the second half when Dr. Cheney discusses and shows charts on cardiac output in litres per minute, comparing ME/CFS patients with controls.
      To purchase a videocassette of this seminar by Dr. Cheney from the Dallas-Fort Worth CFS group, click :
      http://listserv.nodak.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0509B&L=CO-CURE&P=R911 -.
      A detailed discussion of Dr. Cheney's views is available below in an interview by Carol Sieverling, and is recommended reading along with the Peckerman/Natelson article on impedance cardiography for those who want to study the insightful issues addressed in the video.
      To purchase a DVD set of another talk by Dr. Cheney illustrating more recent echocardiographic and other objective data on ME/CFS and heart failure, click :
      http://listserv.nodak.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0610E&L=CO-CURE&P=R346 -.
      Some of Dr. Lerner's significant articles, as well as his patent issued in 2002, are linked below in Portable Document File (PDF) format.
      .../...
      Cfr. :
      http://www.cfids-cab.org/MESA/Lerner.html

    2. Causes of death among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
      Leonard A. Jason, Karina Corradi, Sara Gress, Sarah Williams & Susan Torres-Harding, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA - Address correspondence to Leonard A. Jason, Center for Community Research, DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Ave., Suite 3100, Chicago, IL 60614 : Ljason@depaul.edu - Health Care for Women International, 27:615–626, 2006 - © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC - PMID: 16844674
      Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating illness affecting thousands of individuals.
      At the present time, there are few studies that have investigated causes of death for those with this syndrome.
      The authors analyzed a memorial list tabulated by the National CFIDS Foundation of 166 deceased individuals who had had CFS.
      There were approximately three times more women than men on the list.
      The three most prevalent causes of death were heart failure, suicide and cancer, which accounted for 59.6% of all deaths.
      The mean age of those who died from cancer and suicide was 47.8 and 39.3 years, respectively, which is considerably younger than those who died from cancer and suicide in the general population.
      The implications of these findings are discussed.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16844674
      Full text at : http://www.theoneclickgroup.co.uk/documents/ME-CFS_docs/Causes%20of%20Death%20-%20CFS%20Patients.pdf

    3. Central nervous system manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections
      Tsiodras S, Kelesidis I, Kelesidis T, Stamboulis E, Giamarellou H, 4th Academic Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 1 Rimini Street, Xaidari, 12462 Athens, Greece : tsiodras@med.uoa.gr - J Infect. 2005 Dec;51(5):343-54. Epub 2005 Sep 19 - PMID: 16181677
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is associated with several manifestations from the central nervous system (CNS) such as encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, acute transverse myelitis, stroke and polyradiculopathy.
      In the current paper epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data on these manifestations are reviewed.
      The M. pneumoniae induced immune dysregulation and its contributing role in the pathogenesis of neurological insult is discussed.
      The recent introduction in clinical practice of newer molecular diagnostic techniques has helped in establishing a firmer association between M. pneumoniae infection and CNS disease especially encephalitis.
      Clinicians should be aware of the potential association between M. pneumoniae infection and several CNS manifestations.
      The role of various anti-microbial or immunomodulating therapies in treating such manifestations should be further explored.
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16181677?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_SingleIt
      emSupl.Pubmed_Discovery_RA&linkpos=2&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pubmed

    4. Central sensitivity syndromes - A new paradigm and group nosology for fibromyalgia and overlapping conditions and the related issue of disease versus illness
      M. Yunus - Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 339-352 - © 2009 Elsevier B.V.
      Objectives - To discuss the current terminologies used for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and related overlapping conditions, to examine if central sensitivity syndromes (CSS) is the appropriate nosology for these disorders and to explore the issue of disease versus illness.
      Methods - A literature search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect using a number of keywords eg, functional somatic syndromes, somatoform disorders, medically unexplained symptoms, organic and nonorganic and diseases and illness.
      Relevant articles were then reviewed and representative ones cited.
      Results - Terminologies currently used for CSS conditions predominantly represent a psychosocial construct and are inappropriate.
      On the other hand, CSS seems to be the logical nosology based on a biopsychosocial model.
      Such terms as “medically unexplained symptoms”, “somatization”, “somatization disorder” and “functional somatic syndromes” in the context of CSS should be abandoned.
      Given current scientific knowledge, the concept of disease–illness dualism has no rational basis and impedes proper patient–physician communication, resulting in poor patient care.
      The concept of CSS is likely to promote research, education and proper patient management.
      Conclusion - CSS seems to be a useful paradigm and an appropriate terminology for FMS and related conditions.
      The disease–illness, as well as organic/non-organic dichotomy, should be rejected.
      Cfr. :
      http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0049017207001473

    5. Central sensitivity syndromes - A unified concept for Fibromyalgia and other similar maladies
      Muhammad Yunus, Section of Rheumatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Illinois, USA - Journal of Indian Rheumatism Association. 2000 Mar; 8(1): 27-33
      Fibromyalgia syndrome(FMS) and similar other conditions, e.g., myofascial pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, headaches and restless legs syndrome share several characteristics, including pain, poor sleep, fatigue, hyperalgesia and an absence of structural tissue pathology.
      These syndromes are bound by a common pathophysiological mechanism, i.e., neurohormonal dysfunctions, which are generally different from those in psychiatric diseases.
      Central nervous system (CNS) sensitivity, either intrinsic or due to CNS neuroplasticity secondary to peripheral stimuli, results in amplified, widespread and persistent pain.
      This central sensitivity seems to be the most important aberration among the neuroendocrine dysfunctions.
      Thus, FMS and other overlapping syndromes have been called "central sensitivity syndromes" (CSS) as a group.
      Current research suggests that central sensitivity is present among the CSS members and is likely to be the common biopathophysiological glue that binds them.
      Cfr. :
      http://medind.nic.in/imvw/imvw4222.html

    6. Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in myalgia of unknown cause (including fibromyalgia)
      Machtey I - Br J Rheumatol. 1997 Oct;36(10):1134 - PMID: 9374940
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374940
      This article is a comment on :
      Chlamydia pneumoniae--reactive arthritis and persistent infection
      Moling O, Pegoretti S, Rielli M, Rimenti G, Vedovelli C, Pristerá R, Mian P - Br J Rheumatol. 1996 Nov;35(11):1189-90 - PMID: 8948316
      Cfr. :
      http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8948316?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstract

    7. Chlamydia pneumoniae in CFS/ME & fibromyalgia / Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia & chlamydia pneumoniae
      Cpnhelp.org
      Cfr. :
      http://www.cpnhelp.org/chlamydia_pneumoniae_in_0

    8. Chlamydia pneumoniae in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia – An opinion
      Patient Advocate James Kepner from the Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) Help website - http://www.cpnhelp.org - April 23, 2007 - © CpnHelp.org
      Editor's note & introduction
      Does chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection play a role in the pathogenesis or symptoms of some patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome and other unexplained illnesses ?
      It's a distinct possibility, based on a never-published trial conducted by leading CFS clinical researchers Peterson, Cheney, Bell and Stratton in the late 1990's.
      Here's the story of that research and an opinion on its implications for CFS and FMS patients, written by James Kepner, a leader of the Cpn patient community.
      Who is Jim Kepner ?
      He is an active Chlamydia pneumoniae patient advocate and owner/founder of CpnHelp.org, "a website devoted to the understanding and treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae, an infectious bacteria implicated in a number of human illnesses".
      It is a non-commercial site "run and supported by volunteers and does not take monetary or other assistance from any other sources".
      In the following article Mr. Kepner refers extensively to the work of Charles W. Stratton, MD,1 Associate Professor and Director of Clinical Microbiology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Nashville, Tennessee.
      Dr. Stratton's research focus is the pathogenesis of Cpn, with a present emphasis on its possible role in Multiple Sclerosis.
      Other researchers at Johns Hopkins, the Mayo Clinic and elsewhere have been similarly focused on investigating Cpn's possible role in a range of illnesses, from Coronary Artery Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis to Interstitial Cystitis.
      What is Chlamydia pneumoniae ?
      Extensive information about this organism and associated research is offered at the Cpnhelp.org site and in this article.
      Briefly, Chlamydia pneumoniae is a bacterial organism first described in 1988 that is most commonly contracted by breathing droplets floating in the air after a person who carries it has coughed - as with the organism that causes tuberculosis.
      Cpn can then infect the "mucous-moving" cells lining the airways.
      It can paralyze those cells because it survives by stealing their energy, and may cause a serious respiratory infection.
      Then, if the body's immune response is unable to kill the invading Cpn bacteria, they can be disseminated via "mononuclear cells" in the bloodstream to infect other cells in the body, such as those that line the blood vessels, nerve tissues, brain, muscles and even immune cells.
      There again Cpn bacteria metabolize and damage these cells by "stealing" energy. Further, the Cpn bacteria are drawn to newly formed mononuclear blood cells, which tend to be generated where there is inflammation in the body - and where the Cpn can cause a secondary infection.
      And finally, Cpn passes through three forms in its life cycle, so that research indicates a combination of antibiotics may be necessary to kill it off in all forms.
      "If you have inflammation, a spider bite, a viral joint infection, viral meningitis or encephalitis," Dr. Stratton has said, "it doesn't matter what it is, if a Chlamydia-infected cell happens to end up in that inflamed area, you may have just started yourself a Chlamydia farm".
      In which case Chlamydia may not be the cause of the disease, but may play an important role in its progression (cfr. : 'Chlamydia pneumoniae not caught like you thought' - Vanderbilt Medical Center Reporter, April 23, 1999
      Cfr. :
      http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/reporter/index.html?ID=779 -).
      2. - Chlamydia pneumoniae in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia
      Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also called 'Chronic fatigue immunodeficiency disorder (CFIDS)' or called 'Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME)' in Great Britain, affects 1 million Americans, with "tens of millions" more who have a fatigue condition that doesn't meet the strict criteria for CFS (cfr. 'Chronic fatigue syndrome – Basis facts' at :
      http://www.cdc.gov/cfs/cfsbasicfacts.htm#prevalence -).
      According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which considers CFS an accepted medical condition
      --- CDC Diagnostic Symptoms

      Unexplained, persistent fatigue that is not due to ongoing exertion, is not substantially relieved by rest, is of new onset (not lifelong) and results in a significant reduction in previous levels of activity - and four or more of the following symptoms are present for six months or more : * impaired memory or concentration - * postexertional malaise (extreme, prolonged exhaustion and exacerbation of symptoms following physical or mental exertion) - * unrefreshing sleep - * muscle pain - * multi-joint pain without swelling or redness adults - * headaches of a new type or severity - * sore throat that’s frequent or recurring - * tender cervical or axillary lymph nodes. ---
      ---
      Other Commonly Observed Symptoms in CFS
      The frequencies of occurrence of these symptoms vary from 20% to 50% among CFS patients .../... include abdominal pain, alcohol intolerance, bloating, chest pain, chronic cough, diarrhea, dizziness, dry eyes or mouth, earaches, irregular heartbeat, jaw pain, morning stiffness, nausea, night sweats, psychological problems (depression, irritability, anxiety, panic attacks), shortness of breath, skin sensations, tingling sensations and weight loss.
      ---
      there is no officially known cause or cure for CFS or for the related and often co-occurring, condition of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS).
      --- Estimated by the American College of Rheumatology to affect 6 million Americans ---
      Despite the CDC's affirmation, the syndrome and its diagnosis is still considered controversial, even in this day and age.
      Some doctors continue to insist that chronic fatigue syndrome is not a "real" disease entity.
      It may be rather a surprise to its sufferers when, naively seeking medical assistance, they find that their doctor doesn't believe that their symptoms are from a "real disease" or merit medical treatment.
      That there is no known "test" for chronic fatigue syndrome that can conclusively demonstrate its existence is one of the difficulties here.
      Perhaps another difficulty is that medical practitioners are socialized to believe that feelings of their own helplessness are a sign of personal failure.
      A solution to this psychological conundrum is to blame the patient by "psychologizing" the problem - that is, "It's in your head".
      Fortunately, acceptance of the legitimacy of the disease has increased in recent years, even if conventional medical treatment for it continues to have little offer of help.
      As the causal factors of CFS are considered unknown, conventional medical treatment for it and for fibromyalgia syndrome are all palliative [addressing symptoms] in nature : antidepressants for mood and pain associated with it, medications for sleep, stimulants for the fatigue, behavioral strategies and so on.
      These can help make life bearable but don't fundamentally change the condition.
      ---
      A popular palliative intervention with “cutting edge” conventional practitioners is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). I’m a psychologist by profession and should be fond of my profession’s contributions to a challenging disease. But my personal and professionally informed commentary on the value of CBT as a CFS/FMS treatment is not high. As applied to the condition of chronic fatigue syndrome, CBT may be likened to teaching someone to how to become more relaxed and organized while one is standing upon a sinking ship. Thus, metaphorically, CBT teaches one how to adjust their viewpoint as the horizon tilts; how to stop worrying about the water lapping at their feet, how to counter the emotional responses of impending doom, how to relax so their stress doesn’t add water to the already sinking ship and so on. Like my stubborn friends here at www.cpnhelp.org dealing with Multiple Sclerosis who were often told there’s nothing that can be done but “get comfortable with your disease,” finding comfort in my decline has never been personally attractive to me as a solution.
      Some studies have found CBT “effective” in reducing CFS symptom severity. This makes CBT much beloved by conventional physicians as it, a) is legitimized by scientific research, b) they feel at least they have something to offer these “difficult-to-help-patients” and c) CBT still fits comfortably with the continuing vague suspicion that CFS isn’t really a disease at all but is really “all in their head” after all. I have not spoken a single CFS patient and I have communicated with many, who has found that CBT did anything of significance for them in terms of their disease. This said, CBT does teach highly valuable relaxation, stress management and cognitive strategy skills. These are useful in a disorder highly impacted by stress and which is very cognitively disorganizing. However like all palliative measures, CBT is only helpful at managing the disease and in this it is not even profoundly so.
      ---
      3. - Disease syndromes – More common than you think
      Chronic fatigue syndrome is often disparaged as being a "syndrome", merely a collection of symptoms, not a disease - that is, not a causal entity.
      Of course, a critique applying to one syndrome should apply to them all, yes ?
      A syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms ('sign' = something you can measure; 'symptom' = patient reports) that appear to have diagnostic consistency.
      A syndrome tells you nothing per se about the cause of the problem.
      Many different causes, and sometimes more than one cause at the same time, can result in a syndrome.
      Interestingly, the diagnosis of "pneumonia", just like chronic fatigue syndrome, is actually a syndrome, though it is not referred to as “pneumonia syndrome".
      The diagnosis of "pneumonia" does not tell what is causing it, which can be variously viral, bacterial, food aspiration and so on.
      Similarly, diagnosing chronic fatigue syndrome doesn't tell you about possible causes until further investigation is done.
      There could be a variety and/or combination of potential causes.
      There are examples of modern, multi-factorial and case-individualized approaches to CFS/FMS that go beyond conventional medical ignorance about CFS.
      These combine both symptomatic treatment and a search for possible causal contributors for each specific patient (cfr. : “Effective treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia—A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, intent-to-treat study” - Jacob E. Teitelbaum a; Barbara Bird a; Robert M. Greenfield b; Alan Weiss b; Larry Muenz c; Laurie Gould d - a Annapolis Research Center for Effective FMS/CFIDS Therapies and the Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, MD, USA - b Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, MD, USA - c Larry Muenz resides in Gaithersburg, MD, USA - d Annapolis Research Center for Effective FMS/ CFIDS Therapies, Annapolis MD, and also the USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA - Journal Of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Volume 8, Issue 2 May 2000 , pages 3 – 15 at :
      http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=jour~content=a903600733~tab=citations -).
      The various causal factors being looked into are amply discussed elsewhere and can be found in any web search.
      One of the proposed causal mechanisms for at least a sub-set of CFS is that of bacterial or viral infection. Especially "occult infections" - that is, those organisms that are either typically overlooked or difficult to test for or tend to evade the immune system (cfr. “The immune system, atherosclerosis and persisting infection“ - Pigarevskii PV, Mal'tseva SV, Seliverstova VG - Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2005;(2):17-22 at :
      http://www.cpnhelp.org/?q=node/129 -).
      Within this causal possibility are infectious organisms such as Chlamydia pneumoniae.
      My purpose here will to be present the information that argues for the involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae in at least a subset of CFS and FMS patients.
      I will outline how Chlamydia pneumoniae's known biology and impact on the body could explain some of the characteristic symptoms and signs of CFS.
      At the outset it should be said that Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) is not the only infectious agent that has been implicated in CFS/FMS.
      We certainly don't know if it is involved in all or in a subset, or is merely a co-condition of such cases.
      But there is good reason to look further at this particular organism's involvement.
      Most of the argument discounting Cpn's involvement in CFS/FMS has been based on ignorance and poor understanding about the organism itself and the difficulties of testing and treatment for it.
      This is an attempt to correct this ignorance and place Chlamydia pneumoniae more clearly in the realm of possible sources for these devastating conditions.
      4. - The early Vanderbilt work – Chlamydia pneumoniae in chronic fatigue syndrome
      The incomplete research
      There is some published work linking Chlamydia pneumoniae to chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia syndrome in medical research journals (cfr. : “Multiple co-infections (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, human herpes virus-6) in blood of chronic fatigue syndrome patients - Association with signs and symptoms” - Nicolson GL, Gan R, Haier J, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA :
      gnicolson@immed.org - APMIS. 2003 May;111(5):557-66 - PMID: 12887507 at : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12887507 -&- “Chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection - A treatable cause of chronic fatigue syndrome” - Chia JK, Chia LY, Torrance Memorial Medical Center, California, USA : chiasann@pol.net - Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Aug;29(2):452-3 - PMID: 10476765 at : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10476765 -).
      But perhaps the most important research in this regard never reached publication.
      This article is the first thorough description in a public information setting.
      The original initial work at Vanderbilt by Dr. Charles Stratton and his lab on Chlamydia pneumoniae was actually not first directed at Multiple Sclerosis, as is more commonly believed, but looked at Cpn in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.
      The first grant monies received by Dr. Stratton for Cpn research, using the highly sensitive tests they have developed, were from the Massachusetts Chronic Fatigue Foundation in the mid to late 1990s.
      Dr. Stratton was asked to test blood samples submitted by the well-known Chronic Fatigue Syndrome physicians Paul Cheney, MD, Daniel Peterson, MD and David S. Bell, MD to explore the possible involvement of Cpn in their CFS patients.
      As I understand it, the grant was given to these doctors and the determination of patients was by their own diagnostic selection.
      This research was never published, for reasons that will be explained later.
      The lack of publication and follow-through of this work may be one of the great tragedies in a long line of them in the history of chronic fatigue syndrome.
      Many patients may have suffered needlessly from this disease because the strong link between CFS and Cpn has remained largely unknown.
      4.1 - A Remarkable Finding
      In this research, Doctors Cheney, Peterson and Bell sent blood samples from their own CFS patients to Dr. Stratton's Vanderbilt Chlamydia pneumoniae Research Lab for testing.
      According to Dr. Stratton, they tested hundreds if not thousands of such blood samples.
      These were tested using both ELISA-based serologic methods and PCR [polymerase chain reaction] testing using the tests developed by Stratton et al. at the Vanderbilt Cpn lab. Dr. Stratton's lab found that the majority (almost 100%) of CFS patients were PCR positive for Cpn in blood samples.
      That the selected patient group of CFS patients had almost 100% positive PCR tests for Cpn (actual proteins, which means actual presence of the bacterial particles - not only an antigen response, which could be a remnant from prior infection) is an extraordinary finding.
      Further, the majority also had either elevated IgM or IgG antibodies to Cpn major outer membrane protein, cross-confirming the PCR-based findings.
      Of course, this in and of itself does not mean Cpn is the cause of CFS.
      The presence of Cpn could be due to some third factor that is part of CFS (such as immuno-suppression etc).
      But such a high correlation with one specific organism outweighs every other biological finding to date in CFS research.
      No other single variable in the CFS literature even comes close to being found in near 100% of CFS patients.
      Now there are some unknowns here - especially the criterion used to select those patient samples sent to Vanderbilt.
      This remains unknown as of this writing.
      4.2 - The first research problem
      They also discovered that many of the randomly selected "healthy controls" were also Cpn PCR positive.
      This would tend to call into question the tests themselves - that is, suggest that the tests are generating false positives.
      So they tested a random sample of blood donors to have a larger pool of healthy controls from which to get a baseline comparison for the study's original control group.
      They found that, of "healthy blood donors" about 20% were Chlamydia pneumonia positive !
      This percentage was higher than expected at the time, as it was not yet understood how ubiquitous Cpn is.
      However, it turns out that this matches the figures of Cpn [incidence] found in recent research with healthy, young blood donors (cfr. “Detection of Chlamydia in the peripheral blood cells of normal donors using in vitro culture, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques” - Cirino F, Webley WC, West C, Croteau NL, Andrzejewski C Jr, Stuart ES, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA :
      fcirino@microbio.umass.edu - PMID: 16472397 (erratum in : BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:165) at : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472397 --- … “Thirteen of 70 donors (18.5%) showed the presence of bacterial transcript in cultured PBMNCs. …Conclusion : The bacterial transcripts in PBMNCs obtained from healthy donors were detected by the RT-PCR method. Viable C. pneumoniae may be present in healthy human PBMNCs…” ---.
      That these earlier Vanderbilt studies found the percentage of Cpn occurring in healthy donors replicating the current accepted findings (which range from 18% to 25%) lends credence to the accuracy and sensitivity of the tests used to study this original CFS sample.
      In other words, post hoc data suggest that their finding of an incidence of Cpn in healthy "controls" was an accurate one, not an artifact from an inaccurate test.
      4.3 - The Next Problem - Treatment
      The obvious next step was to try courses of antibiotics known to be anti-chlamydial and see if reduction of PCR signal for Cpn correlated with reduction in CFS symptoms.
      This was done by Doctors Cheney, Peterson and Bell with a sample of their patients.
      It turned out that no single antibiotic agent eradicated the Chlamydia pneumoniae PCR signal.
      So Dr. Stratton's lab, having laboriously developed the PCR susceptibility tests (described quite elegantly in the patent materials, which can be found linked elsewhere in the CpnHelp.org website) now had to use them to discover which agents or combinations of agents were required to eradicate Cpn completely, such that no PCR signal was evident in blood samples.
      This is called "sensitivity testing".
      This was a greater challenge than most of us would think.
      Along the way to infecting mice and cell cultures with Cpn and looking for effective combinations of antibiotics, they discovered that the available laboratory and commercial cell cultures widely assumed by scientists to be "clean" and thus proper starting points for introducing new variables, were themselves often infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae.
      This could seriously skew the interpretation of their tests.
      So Dr. Stratton's lab had to first develop methods to clear the cell cultures of Cpn and prove such clearance using their sensitive PCR testing.
      This is a remarkable bit of science here.
      Their finding that common biological laboratory materials are contaminated with Cpn appears also to be relatively unknown.
      From all of this they managed to find that only certain combinations of antibiotic agents (described elsewhere in the CpnHelp.org website) would completely eradicate Cpn from tissue cultures and laboratory mice, as indicated by clearance of Cpn PCR signal.
      No single antibiotic treatment, nor any series of antibiotics one at a time, was able to eradicate Cpn.
      Now that they had the combination antibiotic protocol (CAP), they could test the impact of eradicating Cpn on the resulting CFS symptoms and then confirm whether patients were actually clear of Cpn from the blood testing.
      4.4 - And another thing
      As in all research, there is always another problem ahead.
      This time the problem was with the reactions to the clinical treatment itself being tried by Doctors Cheney, Peterson and Bell, as well as by Dr. Stratton with his own CFS patients.
      The treatment was indeed working to kill Cpn, but the toxicity of the Cpn kill was causing existing symptoms to worsen significantly.
      The dropout rate using the combination antibiotic protocol or CAP for CFS was very high.
      Many patients were unable to see it through to the endpoint of the whole treatment process - where PCR signal was absent for Cpn.
      As Dr. Stratton put it to me in an interview, "The cure appeared worse than the disease".
      It was difficult for the treating physicians to keep patients on the protocol long enough to begin to see significant symptomatic improvement.
      This was due to two major difficulties.
      Die-off reactions - When combinations [of antibiotics] were used, the die-off reactions from this potent mix could be as bad as or worse than the CFS itself.
      Little was yet known about how to support patients through these reactions or what exactly their nature was (cfr. : the explanation of “worsening” later in this article).
      Length of treatment - Moreover, the length of treatment of Cpn with these combination antibiotic protocols for CFS was very long.
      It was difficult to get patients to "stay the course" without extraordinary support or dedication on the part of both the patient and the physician.
      It was quite a challenge for the CFS physicians, including Dr. Stratton, to know how to manage these responses and how to support their patients to hang in with a treatment that seemed to have little short term gain (one of the things Dr. Stratton said to me shortly after I started www.cpnhelp.org was that this kind of thing was one of the missing elements in the treatment process : some kind of on-going support community that could help patients through the challenges and confusions of being on a difficult protocol).
      For those patients (a small number) whom Dr. Stratton treated personally and who continued after the end of the study through the full course of the protocol there was, says Dr. Stratton, "100 percent improvement of symptoms".
      Why did the eradication of Cpn cause such a reaction in CFS patients ?
      People treated for actual pneumonia caused by Cpn (community acquired pneumonia) don't appear to have severe reactions to their antibiotics, after all.
      First, the combination antibiotic protocol (CAP) was far more effective than a single antibiotic used in standard treatment of Cpn because it attacked all of the phases of the Cpn life cycle.
      A single antibiotic only kills Cpn in one of its life phases.
      The symptoms of CFS are related to Cpn's toxic and inflammatory impact on the body.
      The more you kill at once, the greater these reactions.
      Second, CFS patients appear to have built up a very high load of Cpn, spread through a large variety of tissues: the bone marrow, the connective tissue, the liver, the spleen, the vascular system, heart and so on.
      When you have a highly toxic organism being killed in large numbers, in a wide variety of tissues, you have more severity of reactions.
      Additionally, the overall Cpn bacterial load appears to be one of the big determining factors in the length of the therapy needed.
      The higher the load, the longer the therapy required.
      Implied in this also is that...
      - the longer one has had the disease
      - the more organ systems affected and
      - the less resilient the patient from age, additional illnesses etc.,
      ...the longer and more challenging is the treatment required.
      As a group, patients with CFS/FMS appear to have higher Chlamydia pneumoniae loads in more different organs and tissues, compared with, say, Multiple Sclerosis patients - making treatment with the CAP more challenging and longer and creating a significant dropout rate, as it took longer to see the beneficial results versus the immediate term die-off reactions.
      But further research into this very promising but challenging treatment process was halted before questions about how to improve the treatment process could be answered.
      4.5 - Research is halted
      At about this point in the research, word was getting out in the medical community that they were testing blood samples from CFS patients.
      There ensued a deluge of protest from medical colleagues who objected to research with CFS being conducted at Vanderbilt. According to Dr. Stratton, the objections were "quite heated".
      Why would microbiological research, as hard-science an aspect of medicine as one could imagine, stir such heated outrage ?
      At that time, the late 1990's, the diagnosis of CFS was hugely controversial.
      Even more than it is today. Despite having a CDC case definition, a significant number of physicians believed that Chronic Fatigue Syndrome did not exist as a real medical entity or diagnosis.
      They believed that it was a false, catchall "syndrome" essentially representing psychiatric problems.
      Therefore it was not considered a legitimate area of serious scientific medical research.
      The expressed concern was that the reputation of Vanderbilt University and by extension the protesting physicians who were associated with Vanderbilt, would be sullied by sponsoring work on such a medical "non-entity" and be seen as fostering specious science.
      This kind of reaction was not just reflective of physicians only associated with Vanderbilt, of course.
      In general at that time, scientists or institutions associated with any kind of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome research were seen as incompetents, and were often made pariahs to conventional medicine.
      CFS research was often a career ender for career scientists.
      The reactions from potential publication journals at this time were similar.
      Please remember that this was only 10 or 12 years ago and these attitudes still exist today in medicine.
      At about this time the grant money for this study ran out.
      As Dr. Stratton was serving only as the testing laboratory, he did not have access to the patient data himself to have adequate controls over patient selection and the like to make for publishable results.
      Vanderbilt itself did not have a CFS clinic to draw from.
      As Dr. Stratton's expertise was in Chlamydia, not in CFS, he turned his research interests toward an area of research on Cpn with less diagnostic controversy and where Vanderbilt did have its own disease-based clinic.
      Dr. Stratton and his colleagues, spearheaded by Dr. Subramaniam Sriram, MD, in neurology, shifted the focus of their research to Multiple Sclerosis.
      This was done in part to have a widely accepted, "legitimate" nosological (diagnostic) entity for research.
      As an accepted neurological disease, no one could call MS a psychological problem.
      As many of us know, this research has turned out to be almost as controversial, although for different reasons than the CFS study.
      While one might wonder at Dr. Stratton's penchant for seeking controversy, the reality is that any research that cuts across accepted conventional viewpoints in medicine is likely to face rejection and derision.
      Anyone who knows Dr. Stratton would know that controversy is not at all a motivator in picking his research areas; Chlamydia is the motivator.
      Dr. David Wheldon, a colleague and friend of Dr. Stratton's, noted Dr. Stratton's avoidance of the limelight by saying that he "tends to hide his considerable light under a bushel".
      There are probably other factors operating here as well.
      Any treatment process requiring a combination of three to four antibiotics for a very long period of time is anathema to most conventionally trained MD's.
      Most physicians have only the rudiments of microbiology in their training and no basis to understand the complexities of treating multiple life-phase infectious agents.
      As well, the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria has created a kind of phobia about the long term use of antibiotics amongst most practicing MD's.
      This attitude is even more true for the use of multiple antibiotics at the same time.
      It is ironic that physicians who see nothing wrong in pumping patients full of multiple chemotoxic agents for cancer treatment will balk at the suggestion of far less harmful multiple antibiotic agents, calling it "polypharmacy".
      Ironically too, it is actually the use of multiple antibiotics in the CAP for Chlamydia pneumoniae that truly minimizes the chance of developing bacterial resistance, while use of repeated courses of single antibiotics, the "conventional medical" approach, creates much higher risk for developing bacterial resistance.
      At any rate, these very interesting findings were never pursued.
      We still don't know what percentage of CFS patients are PCR positive for Chlamydia pneumoniae and exactly how much Cpn is the origin of symptoms in this disease syndrome.
      What we do know is that those of us who have diagnosed CFS/FMS and have positive blood tests for Cpn have benefited, slowly, gradually, but significantly in many of our symptoms from the combination antibiotic protocol for Cpn based on Dr. Stratton's work.
      This improvement is true as well for a number of CFS/FMS patients who, while not testing positive for Cpn using standard tests that are not as sensitive as those used by Dr. Stratton's lab, have evidenced typical die-off reactions to the CAP antibiotics, suggesting Cpn infection.
      Is it the case for all CFS/FMS? No one knows.
      4.6 - Chlamydial persistence and antibiotic response
      Cpn has some unique characteristics which make it both an adaptive parasite and difficult to eradicate.
      While over the years some clinicians treating chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia syndrome patients have tried the use of monotherapy (single) antibiotics with the notion that there might be an occult (hidden) bacterial infection involved in the disease, response by patients has been inconsistent.
      Some CFS/FMS patients may even have found their own symptoms temporarily improving when on incidental antibiotic treatment, say for ear infections and the like, but improvements not lasting.
      That informal clinical experimenting with antibiotics in CFS/FMS has not resulted in much useful direction of treatment or research that has to do with the unique biology and characteristics of Cpn.
      As these unique characteristics apparently are only known by microbiologists and little understood by treating physicians, treatment of CFS/FMS with antibiotics has yielded conflicting results.
      Curiously, this ignorance of important microbiological facts about Cpn (and other infectious organisms) appears to extend to medical Infectious Disease specialists, whose knowledge of microbiology appears shockingly limited and have not intelligently pursued the possibility of occult infection in these disorders.
      Antibiotics in CFS/FMS have resulted in the whole range of responses :
      - No improvement - leading to the assumption that no bacterial presence is involved.
      - Improvements followed by a return of symptoms after the antibiotic is withdrawn. Since long-term use of antibiotics is discouraged, with the fear of creating resistance, further treatment is often discouraged.
      - Symptoms worsening - leading to the assumption that they are having toxic or allergic effects and leading to halting antibiotic treatment.
      If, in fact, Cpn causes even a subset of CFS/FMS, the lack of consistency to antibiotic treatment has to be explained. This inconsistency becomes understandable if you know some key features about the biology of Chlamydia pneumoniae.
      - No improvement - The antibiotics used may not be effective antichlamydials. Thus a "trial of antibiotics" using the incorrect agent would be expected to yield negative results in the disease symptoms. The sensitivity tests done by Stratton et al. demonstrated clearly that a number of commonly held "high power" antibiotics are not effective against Chlamydia pneumoniae.
      - Temporary improvement - One of the great scientific puzzles about Chlamydia pneumoniae has been its ability to persist and reinfect, even treatment by antibiotics. It does this and evades the immune system and threats such as starvation, by its ability to switch forms and survive in a different life phase that is not affected by the particular threat.
      There are three known phases or forms of Cpn :
      - The infectious, spore-like Elementary Body (EB) : Only killed by cysteine reducing agents like N-acetyl-cysteine and amoxicillin.

    Go to Part III


    18-11-2009 om 02:18 geschreven door Jules

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Tags:pain, pesticides, poor memory, salmonella infections, sepsis, sleep disorders, trauma, upper respiratory infections, viral (HHV-6) co-infections, viral infection, XMRV virus
    » Reageer (0)


    Blog als favoriet !

    Gastenboek

    Druk op onderstaande knop om een berichtje achter te laten in mijn gastenboek


    Foto

    Raadpleeg steeds je arts !
    Inhoud blog
  • Sporten beter dan pauzeren bij RSI
  • Alles voor het goeie doel !!
  • Gewoon gelukkig zijn...
  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - La bête noire of the Belgian Health Care System
  • Persoonlijkheidstests
  • Vaccinatie risicogroepen H1N1
  • Geopereerd Prof. Johann Bauer - Een update (Greta)
  • Weersfactoren oorzaak van hoofdpijn
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part I
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part II
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part III
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part IV
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part V
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part VI
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part VII
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part VIII
  • Infection as one possible cause of fibromyalgia - Part IX
  • Challenges to conventional thinking about mind and body
  • What is CFS and what is ME ?
  • CVS-Referentiecentra - Opheffing en sluiting
  • Heb ik voldoende ontspanning ?
  • 7 tips tegen een overactieve blaas
  • Wallen en kringen onder de ogen
  • Recovered CFS/ME Patient Goes to Washington, D.C.
  • Chronische vermoeidheid zit niet tussen de oren
  • Dr. Bauer heeft mijn leven gered
  • Has your marriage been damaged by fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue syndrome ?
  • Vijf grootste bedreigingen gezondheid
  • Onbegrepen lage rugpijn beter te behandelen
  • Je beste antistresstip
  • Sufferers of chronic fatigue see life as a balancing act
  • Te hard gewerkt...
  • Prof. Dr. Johann Brauer op mijn blog
  • Geopereerd Prof. Johann Bauer
  • Is de griepprik gevaarlijk ?
  • Griep en verkoudheid - Deel I
  • Griep en verkoudheid - Deel II
  • Support the 500 Professionals of the IACFS/ME
  • Slanker met je hartritme
  • Enzym veroorzaakt gevolgen slaaptekort
  • Now we can get down to business
  • XMRV and chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Verslaving is een behandelbare hersenziekte
  • Kopstukken filosofie - Oktober 2009
  • Gek op je werk
  • Fikse schadevergoeding om antidepressivum
  • ME/CFS patients have retrovirus (XMRV) on YouTube
  • Stop nú de mishandeling van CVS-patiënten
  • Psychosomatiek in beweging - Symposium - Brugge, 16-10-2009
  • Chronic neglect
  • Eerste hulp bij blozende wangen
  • Could a B-12 deficiency be causing your symptoms ?
  • Chronisch vermoeidheidsvirus gevonden
  • Stressziekten
  • De zes kenmerken van goed opvoeden
  • Werk en gezin - Hoe overleef jij ?
  • Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Who's at risk ?
  • De vlaamsche tale is wonder zoet...
  • Blozende mensen zijn betrouwbaarder
  • Nu vaccineren tegen seizoensgriep
  • De overgang... en nu ?
  • Chronisch vermoeide heeft minder grijze hersenstof... net als slechte slapers
  • Gene responsible for chronic fatigue syndrome identified
  • Damiaan inspireert
  • Mexicaanse griep
  • Damiaan inspireert
  • Fibromyalgie
  • Ben je snel buiten adem ?
  • Depressie kan ook verhelderend werken
  • Damiaan inspireert
  • Mama heeft Alzheimer
  • Een workaholic getuigt : Mijn leven ging kapot
  • Nooit meer langdurig moe zijn
  • Niets gevonden... toch ziek -- Huisarts en psychosomatiek
  • Het verhaal van Denise
  • 2e Zwarte Mars - Herdenking slachtoffers van psychiatrie en maatschappij
  • Regenboog Congres - 1ste Congres voor en door de reumapatient
  • Systeemtherapie
  • De psychiatrie is een echte maffia...
  • Chronigue Fatigue Syndrome : State of the art - Verslag Internationaal Symposium - Edegem, 3 mei 2007
  • Artsen hollen achter de feiten aan
  • Damiaan inspireert
  • Start klinische kortdurende behandeling CVS
  • Aardbeving in de hersenen - Scans tonen brein na aardbeving China
  • Damiaan inspireert
  • Je gezondheid draait om dopamine
  • Modafinil - Is this wakefulness wonder drug for you ?
  • Acupunctuur - Lijst van geneesheren-acupuncturisten
  • Depressie zichtbaar op hersenscan
  • Niet lui, wel moe - CVS zit niet tussen de oren
  • De vermoeidheidsdeskundingen uit Nijmegen hebben net zo veel verstand van ME als de Kerstman van strandvakanties
  • Flutstuk over ME/CVS in de Telegraaf
  • Damiaan inspireert
  • ME/CVS, het mysterie ontrafeld
  • Ampligen komt in 2009 op de markt - Deel I
  • Ampligen komt in 2009 op de markt - Deel II
  • Beoordeel dit blog
  • Patiëntenstop bij CVS/ME Centrum
  • Uitgeslapen, maar toch moe...
  • New perspective on chronic fatigue syndrome - Lessons from developmental neuroscience - Part I
  • New perspective on chronic fatigue syndrome - Lessons from developmental neuroscience - Part II
  • Stem voor 'plezant'
  • Voordracht 12 oktober 2009 - Schrijf in !
  • Verbod natuurlijke geneesmiddelen - Teken de petitie !
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome - Illness severity, sedentary lifestyle, blood volume and evidence of diminished cardiac function - Part I
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome - Illness severity, sedentary lifestyle, blood volume and evidence of diminished cardiac function - Part II
  • Finding the energy to fight - Chronic Fatigue patients struggle for normal lives
  • Zweetoksels - De beste remedies
  • SLIM - Op uw juiste gewicht
  • Depression and chronic pain
  • Probiotica - Op zoek naar bacteriële balans
  • Bij moeheid vier weken wachten
  • Verbrand je niet !
  • Vergroot de Hoop - Uw taxussnoeisel als antikankermedicijn
  • Tele-Onthaal
  • Het nut van ruzie en conflicten tijdens de vakantie
  • Bijensteek, wespensteek, dazenbeet
  • Chronische whiplash zit niet tussen de oren
  • Fibromyalgie Vlaanderen Nederland - De website door en voor (ex-) fibromyalgie patiënten
  • CDC CFS research should not involve the empirical definition - Sign the petition !
  • Stress en ziekte
  • ME/CFS - The Interaction of Mode of Illness Onset and Psychiatric Comorbidity
  • Leren omgaan met mensen
  • Hardnekkige fabels over zonnen
  • Functional characterization of muscle fibres from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome - Case-control study
  • Zijn dubbele fietstesten zinvol voor ME/CVS ? - Deel I
  • Zijn dubbele fietstesten zinvol voor ME/CVS ? - Deel II
  • Zijn dubbele fietstesten zinvol voor ME/CVS ? - Deel III
  • Zijn dubbele fietstesten zinvol voor ME/CVS ? - Deel IV
  • Zijn dubbele fietstesten zinvol voor ME/CVS ? - Deel V
  • Nieuwe test is schop onder de kont van wie met ons lachte
  • Experts launch Think Tank for mystery disease
  • Zwavelsulfide in de urine ?
  • Vrouwen lijden vaker aan perfectionisme
  • Probiotics help some with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome - Illness severity, sedentary lifestyle, blood volume and evidence of diminished cardiac function
  • Oorzaak duizeligheid meestal niet ernstig
  • Op twee wielen knokken voor ME
  • Psychoanalyse, cognitieve psychologie en evidence-based medicine
  • Petition - CDC CFS research should not involve the empirical definition (2005)
  • Anxiety in children with CFS/ME
  • Particuliere verzekeraars veel geld kwijt aan langdurige uitkeringen aan particulier verzekerden met CVS - Nieuw onderzoek Bleijenberg
  • Emotionele intelligentie
  • Fibroveerke - Opendeurdag 27-06-2009
  • Stressreductie met ademhaling
  • Gedragstherapie/revalidatietherapie in de CVS-referentiecentra
  • Kom van je bindingsangst af
  • Actie 'Erken ME' - 12 mei 2009 - I have a dream !
  • Fiets je op 12 mei ook mee ?
  • De petitie ' Erken ME ' - Bevestig je ondertekening !
  • Overwin je telefoonangst
  • Peleton M.E.-ers naar Den Haag
  • Mexicaanse griep - Koop geen Tamiflu via internet
  • Actie 'Erken ME' - 12 mei 2009 - I have a dream !
  • Sign the petition - CDC CFS research should not involve the empirical definition (2005)
  • Fiets je op 12 mei ook mee ?
  • Het drinkbakje...
  • Teken de petitie ! -- Doe het NU !
  • Interstitiële Cystitis (IC)
  • Verhoogde periodieke EEG-activiteit vastgesteld tijdens de non-REM-slaap
  • Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) - A new marker of sleep alteration in patients with fibromyalgia ?
  • Actie 'Erken ME' - 12 mei 2009 - I have a dream !
  • Kwantitatieve meting van RNase L proteinen- Een nieuwe merker als hulpmiddel bij de diagnose van chronische vermoeidheid syndroom
  • Many questions remain about treatments for CFS
  • Teken onze petitie !
  • Fiets je op 12 mei ook mee ?
  • Sofrologie - De patiënt helpen zijn zelfvertrouwen te vinden - Deel I
  • Sofrologie - De patiënt helpen zijn zelfvertrouwen te vinden - Deel II
  • Visie op ME/CVS - Het Belgisch alternatief - Deel I
  • Visie op ME/CVS - Het Belgisch alternatief - Deel II
  • Mind over body ?
  • Fiets jij op 12 mei ook mee ?
  • Lezing - Energietekorten - Pak je energietekorten aan en voel je opnieuw fit en gezond !
  • Actie 'Erken ME' - 12 mei 2009 - I have a dream !
  • Countess of Mar slates NICE and the health insurance industry
  • Real Progress in ME/CFS Research - Whittemore & Mikovits are on YouTube
  • Laat je niet doen !
  • Zalig Pasen !
  • I have a dream !
  • Vaccinations et santé publique - La réalité derrière le mythe
  • Mannen en bazen grootste pesters op het werk
  • Een getuigenis...
  • Waarom meer dan 2.000.000 bezoekers... ?!?
  • Antroposofische geneeskunde
  • Opvliegers de baas
  • Voortgang richtlijn voor ME/CVS opnieuw maanden vertraagd - Vier leden eindgroep opgestapt
  • Qi-Gong – Een vriendelijke manier van bewegen
  • Many questions remain about treatments for CFS
  • Lower ambulatory blood pressure in chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Onzekerheid - Deel I
  • Onzekerheid - Deel II
  • Onzekerheid - Deel III
  • Onzekerheid - Deel IV
  • Managing fibrofog - The cognitive dysfunction of fibromyalgia
  • Altijd pijn - Wat is hier aan te doen ? - Deel I
  • Altijd pijn - Wat is hier aan te doen ? - Deel II
  • Altijd pijn - Wat is hier aan te doen ? - Deel III
  • Altijd pijn - Wat is hier aan te doen ? - Deel IV
  • Altijd pijn - Wat is hier aan te doen ? - Deel V
  • Altijd pijn - Wat is hier aan te doen ? - Deel VI

    Foto

    Archief per week
  • 16/11-22/11 2009
  • 09/11-15/11 2009
  • 02/11-08/11 2009
  • 19/10-25/10 2009
  • 12/10-18/10 2009
  • 05/10-11/10 2009
  • 28/09-04/10 2009
  • 21/09-27/09 2009
  • 14/09-20/09 2009
  • 07/09-13/09 2009
  • 31/08-06/09 2009
  • 10/08-16/08 2009
  • 27/07-02/08 2009
  • 20/07-26/07 2009
  • 06/07-12/07 2009
  • 22/06-28/06 2009
  • 15/06-21/06 2009
  • 08/06-14/06 2009
  • 01/06-07/06 2009
  • 25/05-31/05 2009
  • 18/05-24/05 2009
  • 11/05-17/05 2009
  • 04/05-10/05 2009
  • 27/04-03/05 2009
  • 20/04-26/04 2009
  • 13/04-19/04 2009
  • 30/03-05/04 2009
  • 23/03-29/03 2009
  • 16/03-22/03 2009
  • 09/03-15/03 2009
  • 02/03-08/03 2009
  • 23/02-01/03 2009
  • 16/02-22/02 2009
  • 09/02-15/02 2009
  • 02/02-08/02 2009
  • 26/01-01/02 2009
  • 19/01-25/01 2009
  • 12/01-18/01 2009
  • 05/01-11/01 2009
  • 22/12-28/12 2008
  • 15/12-21/12 2008
  • 08/12-14/12 2008
  • 01/12-07/12 2008
  • 24/11-30/11 2008
  • 17/11-23/11 2008
  • 10/11-16/11 2008
  • 03/11-09/11 2008
  • 27/10-02/11 2008
  • 20/10-26/10 2008
  • 13/10-19/10 2008
  • 06/10-12/10 2008
  • 29/09-05/10 2008
  • 22/09-28/09 2008
  • 15/09-21/09 2008
  • 08/09-14/09 2008
  • 01/09-07/09 2008
  • 25/08-31/08 2008
  • 18/08-24/08 2008
  • 11/08-17/08 2008
  • 04/08-10/08 2008
  • 28/07-03/08 2008
  • 21/07-27/07 2008
  • 14/07-20/07 2008
  • 30/06-06/07 2008
  • 23/06-29/06 2008
  • 16/06-22/06 2008
  • 09/06-15/06 2008
  • 02/06-08/06 2008
  • 26/05-01/06 2008
  • 19/05-25/05 2008
  • 12/05-18/05 2008
  • 05/05-11/05 2008
  • 28/04-04/05 2008
  • 21/04-27/04 2008
  • 14/04-20/04 2008
  • 07/04-13/04 2008
  • 31/03-06/04 2008
  • 24/03-30/03 2008
  • 17/03-23/03 2008
  • 10/03-16/03 2008
  • 03/03-09/03 2008
  • 25/02-02/03 2008
  • 18/02-24/02 2008
  • 11/02-17/02 2008
  • 04/02-10/02 2008
  • 28/01-03/02 2008
  • 21/01-27/01 2008
  • 14/01-20/01 2008
  • 07/01-13/01 2008
  • 31/12-06/01 2008
  • 24/12-30/12 2007
  • 17/12-23/12 2007
  • 10/12-16/12 2007
  • 03/12-09/12 2007
  • 26/11-02/12 2007
  • 19/11-25/11 2007
  • 12/11-18/11 2007
  • 05/11-11/11 2007
  • 29/10-04/11 2007
  • 22/10-28/10 2007
  • 15/10-21/10 2007
  • 08/10-14/10 2007
  • 01/10-07/10 2007
  • 24/09-30/09 2007
  • 17/09-23/09 2007
  • 10/09-16/09 2007
  • 03/09-09/09 2007
  • 27/08-02/09 2007
  • 20/08-26/08 2007
  • 13/08-19/08 2007
  • 06/08-12/08 2007
  • 30/07-05/08 2007
  • 23/07-29/07 2007
  • 16/07-22/07 2007
  • 09/07-15/07 2007
  • 18/06-24/06 2007
  • 11/06-17/06 2007
  • 04/06-10/06 2007
  • 28/05-03/06 2007
  • 21/05-27/05 2007
  • 14/05-20/05 2007
  • 07/05-13/05 2007
  • 30/04-06/05 2007
  • 23/04-29/04 2007
  • 16/04-22/04 2007
  • 09/04-15/04 2007
  • 02/04-08/04 2007
  • 26/03-01/04 2007
  • 19/03-25/03 2007
  • 12/03-18/03 2007
  • 05/03-11/03 2007
  • 26/02-04/03 2007
  • 19/02-25/02 2007
  • 12/02-18/02 2007
  • 05/02-11/02 2007
  • 29/01-04/02 2007
  • 22/01-28/01 2007
  • 15/01-21/01 2007
  • 08/01-14/01 2007
  • 18/12-24/12 2006
  • 11/12-17/12 2006
  • 04/12-10/12 2006
  • 27/11-03/12 2006
  • 20/11-26/11 2006
  • 13/11-19/11 2006
  • 06/11-12/11 2006
  • 30/10-05/11 2006
  • 23/10-29/10 2006
  • 16/10-22/10 2006
  • 09/10-15/10 2006
  • 02/10-08/10 2006
  • 25/09-01/10 2006
  • 18/09-24/09 2006
  • 11/09-17/09 2006
  • 04/09-10/09 2006
  • 28/08-03/09 2006
  • 07/08-13/08 2006
  • 31/07-06/08 2006
  • 24/07-30/07 2006
  • 03/07-09/07 2006
  • 26/06-02/07 2006
  • 19/06-25/06 2006
  • 12/06-18/06 2006
  • 29/05-04/06 2006
  • 22/05-28/05 2006
  • 15/05-21/05 2006
  • 08/05-14/05 2006
  • 01/05-07/05 2006
  • 24/04-30/04 2006
  • 17/04-23/04 2006
  • 10/04-16/04 2006
  • 27/03-02/04 2006
  • 20/03-26/03 2006
  • 13/03-19/03 2006
  • 06/03-12/03 2006
  • 27/02-05/03 2006
  • 20/02-26/02 2006
  • 13/02-19/02 2006
  • 06/02-12/02 2006
  • 30/01-05/02 2006
  • 23/01-29/01 2006
  • 16/01-22/01 2006
  • 09/01-15/01 2006
  • 26/12-01/01 2006
  • 19/12-25/12 2005
  • 12/12-18/12 2005
  • 05/12-11/12 2005
  • 28/11-04/12 2005
  • 21/11-27/11 2005
  • 14/11-20/11 2005
  • 07/11-13/11 2005
  • 24/10-30/10 2005
  • 17/10-23/10 2005
  • 10/10-16/10 2005
  • 03/10-09/10 2005
  • 26/09-02/10 2005
  • 19/09-25/09 2005
  • 12/09-18/09 2005
  • 05/09-11/09 2005
  • 29/08-04/09 2005
  • 22/08-28/08 2005
  • 15/08-21/08 2005
  • 08/08-14/08 2005
  • 01/08-07/08 2005
  • 25/07-31/07 2005
  • 04/07-10/07 2005
  • 27/06-03/07 2005
  • 20/06-26/06 2005
  • 13/06-19/06 2005
  • 06/06-12/06 2005
  • 30/05-05/06 2005
  • 23/05-29/05 2005
  • 16/05-22/05 2005
  • 09/05-15/05 2005
  • 02/05-08/05 2005
  • 25/04-01/05 2005
  • 18/04-24/04 2005
  • 11/04-17/04 2005
  • 29/11-05/12 1999
  • 29/12-04/01 1970

  • 16/11-22/11 2009
  • 09/11-15/11 2009
  • 02/11-08/11 2009
  • 19/10-25/10 2009
  • 12/10-18/10 2009
  • 05/10-11/10 2009
  • 28/09-04/10 2009
  • 21/09-27/09 2009
  • 14/09-20/09 2009
  • 07/09-13/09 2009
  • 31/08-06/09 2009
  • 10/08-16/08 2009
  • 27/07-02/08 2009
  • 20/07-26/07 2009
  • 06/07-12/07 2009
  • 22/06-28/06 2009
  • 15/06-21/06 2009
  • 08/06-14/06 2009
  • 01/06-07/06 2009
  • 25/05-31/05 2009
  • 18/05-24/05 2009
  • 11/05-17/05 2009
  • 04/05-10/05 2009
  • 27/04-03/05 2009
  • 20/04-26/04 2009
  • 13/04-19/04 2009
  • 30/03-05/04 2009
  • 23/03-29/03 2009
  • 16/03-22/03 2009
  • 09/03-15/03 2009
  • 02/03-08/03 2009
  • 23/02-01/03 2009
  • 16/02-22/02 2009
  • 09/02-15/02 2009
  • 02/02-08/02 2009
  • 26/01-01/02 2009
  • 19/01-25/01 2009
  • 12/01-18/01 2009
  • 05/01-11/01 2009
  • 22/12-28/12 2008
  • 15/12-21/12 2008
  • 08/12-14/12 2008
  • 01/12-07/12 2008
  • 24/11-30/11 2008
  • 17/11-23/11 2008
  • 10/11-16/11 2008
  • 03/11-09/11 2008
  • 27/10-02/11 2008
  • 20/10-26/10 2008
  • 13/10-19/10 2008
  • 06/10-12/10 2008
  • 29/09-05/10 2008
  • 22/09-28/09 2008
  • 15/09-21/09 2008
  • 08/09-14/09 2008
  • 01/09-07/09 2008
  • 25/08-31/08 2008
  • 18/08-24/08 2008
  • 11/08-17/08 2008
  • 04/08-10/08 2008
  • 28/07-03/08 2008
  • 21/07-27/07 2008
  • 14/07-20/07 2008
  • 30/06-06/07 2008
  • 23/06-29/06 2008
  • 16/06-22/06 2008
  • 09/06-15/06 2008
  • 02/06-08/06 2008
  • 26/05-01/06 2008
  • 19/05-25/05 2008
  • 12/05-18/05 2008
  • 05/05-11/05 2008
  • 28/04-04/05 2008
  • 21/04-27/04 2008
  • 14/04-20/04 2008
  • 07/04-13/04 2008
  • 31/03-06/04 2008
  • 24/03-30/03 2008
  • 17/03-23/03 2008
  • 10/03-16/03 2008
  • 03/03-09/03 2008
  • 25/02-02/03 2008
  • 18/02-24/02 2008
  • 11/02-17/02 2008
  • 04/02-10/02 2008
  • 28/01-03/02 2008
  • 21/01-27/01 2008
  • 14/01-20/01 2008
  • 07/01-13/01 2008
  • 31/12-06/01 2008
  • 24/12-30/12 2007
  • 17/12-23/12 2007
  • 10/12-16/12 2007
  • 03/12-09/12 2007
  • 26/11-02/12 2007
  • 19/11-25/11 2007
  • 12/11-18/11 2007
  • 05/11-11/11 2007
  • 29/10-04/11 2007
  • 22/10-28/10 2007
  • 15/10-21/10 2007
  • 08/10-14/10 2007
  • 01/10-07/10 2007
  • 24/09-30/09 2007
  • 17/09-23/09 2007
  • 10/09-16/09 2007
  • 03/09-09/09 2007
  • 27/08-02/09 2007
  • 20/08-26/08 2007
  • 13/08-19/08 2007
  • 06/08-12/08 2007
  • 30/07-05/08 2007
  • 23/07-29/07 2007
  • 16/07-22/07 2007
  • 09/07-15/07 2007
  • 18/06-24/06 2007
  • 11/06-17/06 2007
  • 04/06-10/06 2007
  • 28/05-03/06 2007
  • 21/05-27/05 2007
  • 14/05-20/05 2007
  • 07/05-13/05 2007
  • 30/04-06/05 2007
  • 23/04-29/04 2007
  • 16/04-22/04 2007
  • 09/04-15/04 2007
  • 02/04-08/04 2007
  • 26/03-01/04 2007
  • 19/03-25/03 2007
  • 12/03-18/03 2007
  • 05/03-11/03 2007
  • 26/02-04/03 2007
  • 19/02-25/02 2007
  • 12/02-18/02 2007
  • 05/02-11/02 2007
  • 29/01-04/02 2007
  • 22/01-28/01 2007
  • 15/01-21/01 2007
  • 08/01-14/01 2007
  • 18/12-24/12 2006
  • 11/12-17/12 2006
  • 04/12-10/12 2006
  • 27/11-03/12 2006
  • 20/11-26/11 2006
  • 13/11-19/11 2006
  • 06/11-12/11 2006
  • 30/10-05/11 2006
  • 23/10-29/10 2006
  • 16/10-22/10 2006
  • 09/10-15/10 2006
  • 02/10-08/10 2006
  • 25/09-01/10 2006
  • 18/09-24/09 2006
  • 11/09-17/09 2006
  • 04/09-10/09 2006
  • 28/08-03/09 2006
  • 07/08-13/08 2006
  • 31/07-06/08 2006
  • 24/07-30/07 2006
  • 03/07-09/07 2006
  • 26/06-02/07 2006
  • 19/06-25/06 2006
  • 12/06-18/06 2006
  • 29/05-04/06 2006
  • 22/05-28/05 2006
  • 15/05-21/05 2006
  • 08/05-14/05 2006
  • 01/05-07/05 2006
  • 24/04-30/04 2006
  • 17/04-23/04 2006
  • 10/04-16/04 2006
  • 27/03-02/04 2006
  • 20/03-26/03 2006
  • 13/03-19/03 2006
  • 06/03-12/03 2006
  • 27/02-05/03 2006
  • 20/02-26/02 2006
  • 13/02-19/02 2006
  • 06/02-12/02 2006
  • 30/01-05/02 2006
  • 23/01-29/01 2006
  • 16/01-22/01 2006
  • 09/01-15/01 2006
  • 26/12-01/01 2006
  • 19/12-25/12 2005
  • 12/12-18/12 2005
  • 05/12-11/12 2005
  • 28/11-04/12 2005
  • 21/11-27/11 2005
  • 14/11-20/11 2005
  • 07/11-13/11 2005
  • 24/10-30/10 2005
  • 17/10-23/10 2005
  • 10/10-16/10 2005
  • 03/10-09/10 2005
  • 26/09-02/10 2005
  • 19/09-25/09 2005
  • 12/09-18/09 2005
  • 05/09-11/09 2005
  • 29/08-04/09 2005
  • 22/08-28/08 2005
  • 15/08-21/08 2005
  • 08/08-14/08 2005
  • 01/08-07/08 2005
  • 25/07-31/07 2005
  • 04/07-10/07 2005
  • 27/06-03/07 2005
  • 20/06-26/06 2005
  • 13/06-19/06 2005
  • 06/06-12/06 2005
  • 30/05-05/06 2005
  • 23/05-29/05 2005
  • 16/05-22/05 2005
  • 09/05-15/05 2005
  • 02/05-08/05 2005
  • 25/04-01/05 2005
  • 18/04-24/04 2005
  • 11/04-17/04 2005
  • 29/11-05/12 1999
  • 29/12-04/01 1970

    Willekeurig SeniorenNet Blogs
    zabrila_en_konstantijn
    blog.seniorennet.be/zabrila
    Foto


    Blog tegen de regels? Meld het ons!
    Gratis blog op http://blog.seniorennet.be - SeniorenNet Blogs, eenvoudig, gratis en snel jouw eigen blog!