Scientists Find Evidence of a Recent Nearby Supernova, And Its Remnants Are Hitting Earth

 

Vast bubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy to the Milky Way visible from the Southern Hemisphere, was formed by the explosive death of one or more of the cluster of massive stars inside the bubble. Cosmic rays reaching Earth are created and accelerated by similar explosions. (Photo: Gemini South Telescope in Chile; composite by Travis Rector of the University of Alaska Anchorage)

Washington University in St. Louis

IN BRIEF

Astronomers have detected cosmic ray particles that hint at a number of recent, nearby supernovae. A growing body of evidence, including lunar samples and material from the Earth’s oceanic crust, seems to confirm the findings.

TINY IRON NUCLEI

New data from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) onboard NASA’s Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft is hinting at an unexpectedly violent past for our solar neighborhood.

In fact, it suggests that one or more stellar explosions may have occurred nearby, and within only the last few million years—close and recent enough that our australopithecine ancestors may have beheld the cosmic spectacles in the ancient East African skies.

Cosmic “rays” are actually not rays at all, but are tiny charged particles—atomic nuclei stripped of their accompanying electrons and accelerated to relativistic speeds by enormous and incomprehensible energies that are, in many ways, only dimly understood.

One particular type of these nuclei, a rare iron isotope called ⁶⁰Fe, is especially important, as it acts like a tiny clock, measuring by its very existence the age and thus the distance of the cosmic catastrophe that created it. ⁶⁰Fe has a half-life of 2.6 million years, in other words, in any given sample of ⁶⁰Fe nuclei, half of it will have decayed to a more stable element after 2.6 million years has elapsed.

It’s not a common sort of material; after 17 years in space, and after registering 300,000 galactic cosmic ray particles of ordinary iron nuclei, CRIS has only detected fifteen ⁶⁰Fe particles.

But these small particles tell a big story.

THERE GOES THE NEIGHBORHOOD

The research, published in the April 14 issue of Science, is the most recent clue in a steadily increasing body of evidence that a supernova detonated near our Solar System in the past few million years, and polluted the system with the byproducts of the explosion.

According to Robert Binns, lead author of the paper, “[o]ur detection of radioactive cosmic-ray iron nuclei is a smoking gun indicating that there has been a supernova in the last few million years in our neighborhood of the galaxy.”

Galactic cosmic rays are thought to come from clusters of massive stars called OB associations, named for the blue and blue-white light they emit. Our Sun in a G star in this classification scheme. (Image: Wikimedia Commons)

It’s thought that radioactive ⁶⁰Fe nuclei are generated in the core-collapse explosions of giant O- or B-class stars, which tend to aggregate in immense star formation clouds and clusters called “OB Associations.” The gregarious nature of these stars is important to the formation of⁶⁰Fe cosmic rays—the nuclei are first thrown into space from the explosion of one star, and then accelerated to relativistic speeds by the explosion of a second, nearby star shorty thereafter (within a few 100,000 to a million years).

It’s sort of a team effort.

What are cosmic rays?

Cosmic rays were discovered before World War I but named in the 1920s by the famous physicist Robert Millikin, who called them “rays” because he thought they were a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation.

But in the early 1930s, Arthur Compton, later chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis, organized a collaboration of eight research groups to measure cosmic-ray intensity at 69 locations around the Earth. Variations in the intensity with magnetic latitude showed that cosmic rays were deflected by the Earth’s magnetic field, and must therefore be charged particles (the nuclei of atoms stripped of their electrons) rather than electromagnetic radiation.

Of these nuclei, 90 percent are hydrogen nuclei (protons), 9 percent are helium nuclei and only one percent are the nuclei of heavier elements. But that one percent provides the best clues to how the particles are created.

Although energetic particles coming from our sun are sometimes called cosmic rays, astrophysicists prefer to call these comparatively low energy particles SEPs, or solar energetic particles.

They reserve the term “cosmic ray” for particles coming from outside our solar system, either from our galaxy or beyond. These fall into two groups based on their energies.

Most of those now thought to be created by supernova explosions in or near our galaxy have energies of 10⁹ and 10¹⁰ eV — although they can have energies as high as 10¹⁵ or higher — and a flux of about one per second per square centimeter. (The molecules in our atmosphere have kinetic energies of about 0.03 eV.)

But there are also cosmic-ray nuclei that are several billion times more energetic, and much rarer. They have energies of 10¹⁹ to 10²⁰ eV and fluxes more like one per square kilometer per century. The source of these extremely rare particles is still unknown.

Strangely enough, a number of recent studies have corroborated these findings—showing that there are heightened levels of ⁶⁰Fe deposition in 2.2 million-year-old oceanic crust, and Apollo lunar samples also indicate that the Moon was spattered with ⁶⁰Fe in recent history.

So it seems the explosions likely happened sometime between 2.2 and 2.6 million years ago. As for a culprit? Astronomers think the supernovae probably occurred in the Scorpius-Centaurus Association, roughly 400 light-years away, and most notable as the home of the red supergiant Antares—which may soon be the next supernova to bombard our Solar System with ⁶⁰Fe nuclei.

Source: The Source

{ http://futurism.com/ }

24-04-2016 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

{ http://nationalufocenter.com/ }

23-04-2016 om 17:38 geschreven door peter  

Filer’s Files #17 -2016 Two Roswell UFO Crashes - PART II

Sightings in the United States

 Arizona Orbs

Phoenix— I was in my backyard and scaned the sky on April 17, 2016, and seen a star like hovering object. I got my 50x camera and when I got back it was gone started scanning the sky and found it over 1 mile to the left.

I was able to track it as it moved all over the sky form right to left. I lost the unknown object as it became too far and high in the sky.

Thanks to MUFON CMS

California Lights

South Gate — Amazing live capture of a perfectly spherical orb was made on April 17, 2016. This is not a balloon because it did not have the typical characteristics of a balloon.

It was not oblong, it did not have a drip point on top nor a necktie on the bottom. It stayed stationary in the sky for about 8 minutes and then moved slowly away.

Apparently, it didn’t realize I had a telescope which captured this object at 156X optical. There were about 15 people witnessing this object at our UFO Sighting event. The video is amazing. Thanks to MUFON CMS

Florida Orb

 Outside on my porch, I see different UFOs all the time.

On April 17, 2016, it was the first time I got pictures

It is still holding its position. My wife also saw it.

Thanks to MUFON CMS

Illinois Orb

Aurora– Arriving home I saw a plane or drone (not positive which) and a blue light that looked like a star but was too low in the sky and was moving in April 2016.

The blue light stopped and changed into a donut shaped disc and stayed still. However, it looked like it was vibrating. The plane/drone changed directions.

I pulled into a parking lot and took some videos. In the last video, I look down and when I look back, it is gone. Thanks to MUFON CMS

 Edinburg — Visitors were seen on April 14, 2016. This picture was taken this evening at 1:17 am. It’s just hard to believe that people around here don’t even notice the different objects in the sky.

I guess they’re not interested like I am. Hope you are well.

Take Care Pam Stark

 New Jersey Object

 I was outside watching the sky, like always watching the sky and on April 19, 2016. The first object was just a ball of red hue. The second object was going in and out of the dark cloud.

I felt amazed and stunned like am I really seeing this and what could it be. The objects went out of view. Thanks to MUFON CMS

New York Object

Bronx – On April 12, 2016, I took the video in the Bronx at 8:27 AM, and then played it back in milliseconds catching several different shapes. They appear in the sky then vanish.

A circular object appeared a few times and then and it would vanish. There were other strange shaped craft. I decided to record the video in the rain, and  play it back really slow and see if I could catch anything.

Note: The object in the above photo could be a raindrop near the lens of the camera. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Website

North Carolina Triangle

Between Faison and Warsaw – I saw two flying objects in the sky on April 14, 2016.  [Object 1] appeared to be a helicopter.
– [Object 2] was close behind it and had brighter lights and a noticeable blinking light like a normal plane.

•As I got closer I noticed Object 1 didn’t have a blinking light like most aircraft do and had a red light on top where I thought was the tail of the helicopter.

I presumed it to be military as there are not any commercial airports nearby for it to be so low to the ground. It got closer and appeared to be triangular. From underneath, it had a bright light at its frontal point and two dimmer lights at the rear points. All three lights were much dimmer than Object 2. The red light was no longer visible, possibly being located on the top of the aircraft.
Both Objects were of similar size and I lost sight of them as they passed very low to the ground.

I realized one was following the other and Ft Bragg Army Base (which has an airfield) was relatively close. Thanks to MUFON CMS

Oregon Light

Sutherlin — I pulled into the local dog park so I could stop and take pictures of the many chemtrails that were being laid out that morning of April 1, 2016.

One had spread out to cover the sun.

I was taking a panoramic photo and when I looked at the photos and saw an orb shaped object close to the sun. I did not notice it at the time I later used my touch screen to zoom in on it and saw the interesting surface pattern.

Thanks to MUFON CMS

Tennessee Men in Black

Murfreesboro — The men in black are watching me. They keep hassling me about people, celebrities, technology. Music, ufos and history.

I’m running out of options. I need assistance as soon as possible. It’s an emergency, they threaten my life and my freedom. You guys are my only hope. They keep revealing things about UFOs, and aliens.

Shadow beings and paranormal things they used electromagnetic energy on me. They cast images on my door, wall and the TV.

This situation needs to be taken care of as soon as possible. . Thanks to MUFON CMS

Washington Disc

Lynnwood — While driving on the freeway and sighting some unusual clouds, I took a few photos with my cell phone. Upon viewing the pictures, I had captured more than I had anticipated. One cloud was shaped like a giant bird and directly across from that was a hand. In between the two objects was a ball of light that gave off rainbow colors. All of what I saw intrigued me so I took the photos.

I am a great grandma and can forward the photos. I have two specific pictures and one is a round disc object. You will see what appears as a giant bird with wings open. The photos were taken from my car window on April 6th in the afternoon around 4:PM. Note: The object could be a “blimp” or some sort of suspended debris. Wind blown debris is not likely as winds were only around 10 MPH. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Website

Wisconsin Lights

Middleton — I went outside, after getting a telepathic communication asking if I wanted to see “them” on April 15, 2016. So, I decided that I would go outside and saw a green meteor like object zipping in a southwest direction. This led my eyes to what looked like a triangular constellation. The three star-like points of light then rotated around a second or two, but keeping the original triangular shape. After that, they left formation, one flew closer to the other, but then all three went off in different directions.

I see UFOs weekly and the most recent sighting was 500 feet above the ground and spinning off plasma, which arced away from the craft like a solar flare. I also get telepathic communications with Humans and ETs very frequently. ETs are polite and friendly. I definitely have an implant for telepathic communications, and there are some childhood memories of mine that might point to alien contact when I was young. Thanks to MUFON CMS

Worldwide UFO Sightings

Australia Boomerang

Mudgee — He is using an infrared converted cam to see these UFOs on  March 27, 2016.

A normal camera cannot see most of these. Colourufo of Youtube is an expert at it and hunts on almost a daily basis.

Eyewitness states: The camera used was a CANON. A.X 25. Full H D. camera.Scott C. Waring Website

Brazil Orb

 Uberaba — There were at least two objects (two could be seen from the witness’ apartment) standing still in the sky at night on March 18, 2016…

The objects were blinking red, blue and white, in an uninterrupted cycle, for more than for 40 minutes. Then they just disappeared, vanished in the night, suddenly, as if they appeared in first place.

Thanks to MUFON CMS 

Canada Sightings

Mount Fores — My wife and I were driving when she asked, “What’s that”. The bright ball came so fast at us; we had to duck in the car because we thought it was going to hit the car. We just turned right away. Two or three came flying at us. I just hit the button to snap pictures.. In a few minutes, it was all over. You can see a glowing ball in the pictures with rays around the ball (like the planet Saturn). It shows in the pictures also they touch the pavement it was flying at a speed you couldn’t imagine, and instantly stop! In addition, it took off as fast as it came. We have a strange photo of a house on our street with figures staring out. Eyes to the sky.

Lions Head – I had been taking a series of photos from Tobermory to Lions Head Ontario, of an unusual looking cloud or plane trail formation on April 2016. I took pictures on and off for the hour’s drive there.

I was feeling ill, so I excused myself, went back to the truck, saw an unusual cloud formation, and took another picture. I noticed the sphere in the picture and proceeded to take a second picture, and the sphere, was not present, in it.

I do not know if this is a camera thing or a real orb. I have 35 pictures in total following the cloud/plane exhaust formation?

Thanks to MUFON CMS

Columbia Disc

Pereira — During our trip to the “Otun National Park” in Colombia, located 17 km of Pereira, we were walking following the Otun River taking pictures of birds and trees.
We made a short stop in a bridge searching for ducks, so I decided to take some picture of the river and vegetation.
Two days after that, I was checking the pictures in my PC, and then I saw the strange object in my picture.
We never heard a sound or something abnormal.
Could be an UFO?  Thanks to MUFON CMS

Czech Republic

Prague – I only see the objects on my photos later on my computer.
On the first photo, the object is nearly perpendicular.

On the second, as same as the third snap, an object is oriented horizontally.
All three snaps are during only two seconds, from 16:59:03 to 16:59:04 Prague time, on April 04 and 05. Interesting is big distance the object covered. I think I saw the same object on the other photos.

I don´t know what is it. Thanks to MUFON CMS

French Circles

Les Forges – I was early awakening for any reason. I went to my car and saw that five large circles of light, in the sky beneath the village.

I live with my wife and kids since 1990.

It stayed 10 minutes and disappears.
It’s not an usual lights phenomenon, even if the day was coming. I am observing Nature until I am a kid. It is something special; I do not know why I am sure of it. Thanks to MUFON CMS

German ISS Orb

During an ISS live NASA UStream, an orb-like object appeared just above the horizon on April 17, 2016. After remaining in the same relative position for a while, it began to ascend up and out of the UStream camera lens coverage area. Once it left the screen, an energy beam shot up from the earth toward the UFO’s former location.

Gauging by the distance between the ISS and the location of the energy beam, the relative size of the UFO must have been enormous. I am hoping that someone with technical background can determine the location from where the beam was fired based on the time of the sighting (7:25 p.m. Central European Time) and the ISS live feed metering that is displayed at the bottom left of the frames in the video. The video is comprised of multiple screenshots I took during the sighting.  Thanks to MUFON CMS

Norway Light

Ski — Quick observation, glowing object moving southwards. I was out on the terrace looking up and there it was.

I believe this was not an airplane. Object was moving fast at a high altitude, and it looks like it was about to turn right, just before it disappeared behind a cloud. I did not feel anything specific; I have just starting to look up to the sky when I have the opportunity. Thanks to MUFON CMS

Russia Object

Áàðíàóë — UFO was filmed in the Altai Territory in Barnaul on January 27, 2016.

The object was very high was in the form of a dark flat disc or cylinder.

Thanks to MUFON CMS

Switzerland Black Object

I was playing football in my garden and suddenly black Object hovered over my house.
First, I did not realize that at the time because it was in a few seconds disappeared. I thought the thing saw me because like 5 seconds it was over me. I feel like someone was watching me. After, I was standing there and did not know what I really saw. I tried to watch the object but it was fast and in a few seconds, it was over the whole of Switzerland to the Swiss Alps. It was like Star Trek or something fast. Thanks to MUFON CMS

UK/England Cylinder

London — On March 8, 2016, a cylinder like object was filmed over London.

Thanks to MUFON CMS

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23-04-2016 om 17:15 geschreven door peter  

Some Swedish Contact Cases

Author Anders Lidén from Sweden sent in these contact experiences. The first case involves Gösta Carlsson, known in Sweden as the Pollen King.

Case 1

In 1946, in the village Ängelholm in Southern Sweden, Gösta Carlsson (1918 - 2003) had a UFO experience that changed his life.

Gösta and his father had a bee farm where they tried to get out as much pollen as possible. Gösta worked at SJ, the Swedish Railway Company, and had no knowledge whatsoever about medicine or biology, etc. He was an engineer.

One day, he went for his evening walk near the so-called "Siberia Forest" when, around 8 pm, he saw a flying saucer land about 30 meters from him. (There is a monument at the place today to commemorate his experience). Gösta saw 3 human-like, beautiful beings walking out from the spaceship and they communicated with him telepathically. Gösta got some insights from them about how to get out more pollen from the bees. He kept his secret for many years (until 1971 when he went public to tell his story) and used his insights to start the production of pollen-based medicine. In 1956 they succeeded and they started the company Cernelle, and Gösta became a multimillionaire. He invested a lot of his money in the local hockey team Rögle BK, and in the sixties the team, against all odds, reached the top in Swedish hockey league. In 1963 Gösta started a daughter company Allergon where they produced substances for production of medicines for allergies.

Gösta was a very simple man. He was never into new age or never talked about wisdom. When he released his story he referred to not only this meeting in 1946. He had several more meetings with them through his dreams where they told him things. The beings told him they came from the Pleiades. There specifically was one woman he had contact with. At their physical meeting the beings gave Gösta three things: a ring, a rod, and 2 cups.

Gösta and his colleague the engineer Curt Bergquist from Cernelle did some research on the objects. No one else had access to these things Gösta got from the beings. Curt was asked about it after Gösta's death and he answered that they were very strange. The rod was hexagonal and seemed to be made of some kind of quartz. One of the corners was melted and it had some inscription that he could not read/understand.

Gösta became famous for his story and when he told it 1971 he was visited by media from all over the world. Curt said that he didn't know what the things are and he doesn't know what to believe about Gösta's experience. But he said that usually Gösta was proven right, sooner or later, about what he had told earlier. Gösta never changed or denied his story.       

Links to Gösta Carlsson known as the Pollen King:

1.       http://pollenkungen.com/gosta-carlsson/

2.      

Case 2

In the mid 1980's, a friend of mine had an experience. He worked at Volvo Cars as a mechanical engineer in Gothenburg. One of his colleagues, a man named Lars, was a quiet outsider. At that time, my friend was already a very spiritually experienced man and he had empathy for Lars and his behavior. So my friend made contact with Lars and they became friends on working time.

It's important to understand that my friend at that time had some close contact with ET´s from his apartment in Gothenburg. Once he was watching television the picture disappeared and he was contacted through his television by beings from the Pleiades. They asked him to come and visit them outside, on a specific time and address. He told me this happened several times and the beings were always right on time. They met him both physically and through out-of-body experiences. They had conversations about cosmic and spiritual questions and about their work. They could tell him where they had their bases on Earth and the research they were doing.

My friend once had big problems with paying his telephone bill. He didn't know how to get the money to pay it. Some day after work Lars came to visit my friend. They had a cup of coffee and some ordinary discussions. Lars didn't say much and did not tell very much about himself. When Lars stood up to go back home, he took out some money from his pocket and gave to my friend. After he left, my friend counted it, and it was exactly the amount he needed to pay his phone bill. The next day Lars was gone and never again showed up at work.

My friend asked his contact from the Pleiades about Lars and they told my friend that Lars also came from the Pleiades. It took several years until my friend met Lars again, at an airport, but they never had a chance to talk. The people from the Pleiades told my friend that they will have the chance to meet again, later in life.

{ http://www.jar-magazine.com/ }

23-04-2016 om 16:25 geschreven door peter  

UFO Over Beach Of Puerto Vallarta, Mexico Reported This Week, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Dec 14, 2014, but submitted this week.
Location of sighting: Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Source: MUFON #75971

The report came in the week and shows a UFO in the far upper right corner of the photo...don't make me say that twice...focus guys. UFOs are frequently seen over Mexico and are believe to enter underground bases in the mountains and below many of Mexico's volcanos. Even the ancient Aztecs said that the gods entered and left from the mouth of Mexico's volcanos....but we all know those were UFOs.
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

Eyewitness states:

Picture taken in puerto vallarta, mexico in December 2014 during the daylight in between dec 14 to 21. Vacationing at Hilton resort Puerto vallarta. Looked back at picture today April 20th 2016 and noticed strange object in photo. Never noticed it before.

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

23-04-2016 om 15:57 geschreven door peter  

Multiple UFO sightings! Large disc shape UFO captured over Mudgee. Australia. 21.04.2016. UFO Sighting News

Date of sighting: April 21, 2016
Location of sighting: Mudgee, Australia

Infrared cameras are the preferred tool of the true UFO hunters. There is no escaping in daytime shooting with an IR camera and this video is 100% proof that UFOs exist and are easily seen with IR converted camcorders. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

Eyewitness states:
The large object was above my house, under the cloud. You can see this object was changing the directions twice and speed up.The camera was using: CANON. X A.25.Full H D camera. The filter: HOYA 850. Infra red optical filter. Night Shot position ON! Daylight capture.

{  http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

23-04-2016 om 15:53 geschreven door peter  

Noe Torres: 1955 Del Rio UFO Crash

Author, publisher, and UFO expert Noe Torres speaks at the 2016 Aurora Alien Encounter held on Sat. Apr. 16, 2016 at the MD Resort in Aurora, Texas.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

23-04-2016 om 15:48 geschreven door peter  

UFO Secrecy: ET War & Timeline Manipulation

Join Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt as he welcomes back Coast to Coast AM Investigative Reporter Linda Moulton Howe in this revealing Part Two of The UFO Breakthrough interview. In this episode, they go even deeper to outline the bizarre series of events that led two top political figures, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and President Harry Truman to collaborate and coverup their discovery that alien beings that were discovered at a crash site in 1941 in Cape Girardeau, Missouri. The beings were eventually taken to Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. (before the creation of the Pentagon) during World War II and according to new research, kept in a liquid state in jars in an underground base below the Capitol before being used in a bizarre Masonic Ritual to enact UFO Secrecy that would be maintained right up to the present in 2016!

{  http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

23-04-2016 om 15:45 geschreven door peter  

These Images Show What The Universe Really Looks Like

 

Europa, an ice-covered ocean moon. Mosaic composite photograph, Galileo (March 29 1998)

Nasa/JPL/Michael Benson, Kinetikon Pictures

Crescent Jupiter and Ganymede. Mosaic composite photograph. Cassini (January 10 2001)

Nasa/JPL/Michael Benson, Kinetikon Pictures

Enceladus vents water into space. Mosaic composite photograph. Cassini, 25 December 2009

Nasa/JPL/Michael Benson, Kinetikon Pictures

A Warming Comet. Rosetta (July 7 2015)© ESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM–CC BY-SA IGO 3.0/Michael Benson, Kinetikon Pictures.

Courtesy Flowers Gallery

IN BRIEF

Using official photographs from space crafts, Artist Michael Benson's recreates photos of the universe in true color - just as how the naked eyes would see it.

AN OUT OF THIS WORLD VIEW

If there’s one word that the latest space tourism projects are hyping to try to get more tourists to drop some serious cash (as much as $150,000 per ticket) for a trip to the edge of space, it’sview.

From crafts that have dozens of windows lining the rocket’s sides and ceiling to the ability to “roll the vehicle” using thrusters—all space tourism programs promise their passengers an unobstructed view of the cosmos beyond Earth.

But what does space really look like?

For those buying tickets, artist Michael Benson’s Otherworlds: Visions of Our Solar System is your sneak peek for your once in a lifetime trip.

But for those not leaving Earth anytime soon, this exhibition is probably the closest one can ever get to seeing such an ‘out of this world’ view with their own eyes.

WHERE SCIENCE MEETS ART

“I feel like if these places are so alien to our direct experiences anyway, then they should be colored the way they would be seen,” says Benson, referring to his process in creating the true color prints.

He takes raw data from the National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) missions and painstakingly, in his words, translates them into something that human eyes can recognize.

Because cameras aboard spacecrafts like New Horizons and Cassini capture images showing visible light (reds and blues) as well as invisible light (ultraviolet and infrared), most of the images available online aren’t in ‘true color.’

Benson takes all photos shot through visible light filters – light which the eyes can see – and tiles them together to create a true color composite.

“Astronomy is about our position in the universe, and that doesn’t just belong to science,” he says. “I am making the case that this is art.”

{ http://futurism.com/ }

23-04-2016 om 01:15 geschreven door peter  

New Horizons May Have Spotted Gravity Waves Rippling Across Pluto

 

Futurism M.A

IN BRIEF

NASA scientists have discovered gravity waves bouncing around in Pluto’s hazy nitrogen atmosphere—another revelation about the active atmospherics and geology of this surprising little world.

A RIPPLING HAZE

NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft has been returning some pretty amazing information about the former planet, Pluto. One of its most interesting discoveries was the weird “layered” atmosphere, composed of a photochemical smog, settling out of the upper atmosphere.

But now the probe has witnessed an even more curious atmospheric effect around the pygmy planet. After its flyby last year, New Horizons directed its cameras toward the now rapidly retreating Pluto, hoping to catch it eclipsing the Sun—a maneuver that permitted its cameras and spectrographs to analyze the chemical makeup of Pluto’s atmosphere.

What the probe witnessed startled observers—brightness variations in the haze layers of Pluto’s nitrogen atmosphere, which created the illusion of the dwarf planet’s surface rippling, almost like a heat mirage. The animation below, which was compiled from images obtained byNew Horizon’s Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) on July 14 of last year, shows the observed effect.

GRAVITY WAVES

NASA scientists were curious to know what was up. Their answer was gravity waves—not the same as the gravitational waves that have been in the scientific news of late, but a more mundane phenomenon (also called “buoyancy waves”) that can be found on several planets in the Solar System, including Earth.

Atmospheric gravity waves result from the effects of high mountains—of which there is no dearth on Pluto—pushing airflow up, where gravity then begins to drag the airmass down again.

“When I first saw these images and the haze structures that they reveal, I knew we had a new clue to the nature of Pluto’s hazes,” explains LORRI Principal Investigator Andy Chen. “The fact that we don’t see the haze layers moving up or down will be important to future modeling efforts.”

The newly discovered Plutonian phenomenon is a strange one, as the brightness fluctuations vary by as much as 30%, despite the fact that the haze layers themselves do not change at all—extending 200 km (120 mi) above Pluto’s surface, no more and no less.

We can look forward to more interesting news from Pluto’s neighborhood—it’s expected that it will take 16 months just to download all of New Horizon’s vast wealth of data back to Earth.

Source: ScienceAlert - Latest

{ http://futurism.com/ }

23-04-2016 om 01:02 geschreven door peter  

Leven we in één van de vele ‘zeepbellen’ in een reusachtig multiversum?

23-04-2016 om 00:51 geschreven door peter  

UFOs Over Liverpool Left Witnesses Baffled

UFO hunters in Britain claimed to have spotted unusual lights circling over Liverpool. Residents in Kirkby, Anfield, and Bootle took to social media to share their bizarre sighting at around 9 in the evening.

Stephen Carrison asked his followers if someone knows the reason for the zigzagging lights in the sky over Bootle and Walton. Equally confused Jamie Morris wrote on Facebook about spotlights that did not change the pattern they were moving.

Some downplay suggestions of space alien life, with Louise Austin suggesting a local circus as responsible. Austin said she drove past in the area at around 9 in the evening, and the lights were beaming in the sky.

Christopher Baker gave the same suggestion saying that the lights were 100 percent from the circus as he saw them shining in the same direction from his loft window.

The impressive clip comes just a few days after odd lights over London were captured on photos. Some speculated that space UFOs emitted them.

Many UFO experts believe that the beautiful architecture of the capital could easily get the attention of extraterrestrials, which seem to be interested in discovering human history.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

23-04-2016 om 00:45 geschreven door peter  

This Flying Saucer Zaps Fires with Sound

 

The Firesound is a firefighting flying saucer.The bright yellow, meter wide, autonomous disc is designed to patrol parks and forests, constantly looking for danger using smoke sensors and thermal cameras.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

IN BRIEF

Inventor Charles Bombardier has developed the Firesound drone, a multipurpose UAV that fights forest fires with sound, and can be used to detect the early stages of a fire and even seek out missing persons.

THE COMING OF THE SAUCERS

If, sometime in the near future, you hear stories of strange flying discs hovering around our national parks and forests, don’t be alarmed.

It’s not a Martian invasion, or an assault by cattle-mutilating Greys. It’s actually something far more benevolent—the Firesound, a futuristic firefighting drone concept developed by theorist and inventor Charles Bombardier.

“There’s a whole lot of ideas that are sitting on the shelves of scientists, that could be turned into a creative content like the Firesound,” Bombardier says, explaining how the idea was conceived. “It just need somebody to go find them, and expand on them.”

Bombardier was inspired by recent research showing that fires can be contained and even extinguished with sound waves. This is because low frequency sound moves air in such a way as to starve a fire of oxygen.

His inspiration came when he decided to combine this sonic firefighting technique with low-cost drone technology.

UFOS TO THE RESCUE

Thus the Firesound was born. It’s an electric drone that uses a hydrogen fuel cell, and it stays aloft through the lifting action of four fans spaced along the disc’s edge. Rear and forward air intakes, as well as exhaust vents on the undercarriage, allow for directional changes.

It’s a very simple concept, one which Bombardier envisions using for a broad range of activities in national parks and forests. It can, for example, be used to monitor forests for signs of incipient fires, or seek out unattended campfires or other human misdeeds (which account for some 90% of forest fires).

The Firesound could detect fires in these early stages, using infrared sensors, and then swoop in and extinguish them using sound waves in the 30 to 60 Hz bass range. The beauty of sound waves is that the drone doesn’t have to carry heavy foams and other fire retardants, a consideration that greatly hampers current firefighting efforts.

Even better, the Firesound could be used to seek out missing persons or injured hikers, and even remain near them to provide them with limited WiFi coverage—so that they have a means of communication with the outside world.

For now, Charles Bombardier is content to simply moot the idea, and let others develop it into a functioning and useful technology.

So next time you enjoy a national park or forest, keep an eye on the sky—the truth is out there.

Source: BBC

{ http://futurism.com/ }

22-04-2016 om 17:09 geschreven door peter  

Nick Pope : « Quand j’enquêtais sur les ovnis pour le gouvernement »

Nick Pope a enquêté sur les OVNIS pour une division du ministère britannique de la Défense  maintenant défunte. Il fait valoir qu’il est temps de relancer  le programme  pour des raisons qui ont rien à voir avec les petits hommes verts.

     Crédit photo  ufointernationalproject.com/

Un article de Nick Pope – 22 Mars 2016

Traduction Era pour Area51blog

En 1950, Sir Henry Tizard, le conseiller scientifique en chef du ministère de la Défense (MOD), a été intrigué par les observations d’ovnis relayées dans les journaux Sir Henry a dit aux responsables du MOD que le sujet ne devait pas être rejeté sans d’abord procéder à une étude scientifique appropriée. Un petit comité a été créé à son instigation. Son nom: Le groupe de travail sur les soucoupes volantes (Flying Saucer Working Party).

Le comité sortit son rapport en Juin 1951, concluant que les observations d’OVNIs pouvaient être expliquées par des méprises, des canulars ou des délires. La recommandation fut qu’on n’utilise plus aucune ressource gouvernementale pour cette étude.

Mais l’année suivante, des pilotes de la Royal Air Force (RAF) et d’autres militaires furent témoins d’ovnis  au cours d’un exercice de l’OTAN. Ces OVNIS semblaient capables de vitesses et de  manœuvres extraordinaires; on put suivre certains d’entre eux sur le radar militaire.  En 1953, le MOD a décidé que tous les rapports d’OVNIS devraient être étudiés.

Cependant pas par souci des petits hommes verts

J’ai travaillé pour le MOD pendant 21 ans. De 1991 à 1994, je fus affecté à une division où mes fonctions consistaient à superviser ces enquêtes. Le moins que je puisse dire  est que ce fut un travail passionnant.

Un OVNI, il faut se le rappeler, fait référence à tout objet volant non identifié – pas nécessairement  extraterrestre.  Alors que les enquêtes du MOD visaient à déterminer s’il y avait des preuves d’une menace, nous pensions plus aux Russes qu’aux Martiens. La théorie était que certaines observations pourraient impliquer des avions espions soviétiques ou des bombardiers sondant nos défenses aériennes pour tenter d’évaluer l’efficacité de notre système de radar, des avions et des pilotes.  La position du gouvernement britannique était pratiquement identique à celle des États-Unis, où les observations d’OVNI ont été étudiées par l’US Air Force (USAF) depuis 1947, dans ce qui fut connu plus tard  sous le nom de projetBlue Book.

Que  signifiait dans la pratique travailler dans la vie réelle  sur ces divers dossiers classés X ? A un moment   je pouvais rédiger des « lignes toutes faites » que  le bureau de presse du MOD pouvait utiliser  en réponse à la requête d’un journaliste. Le suivant  je pouvais envoyer  des informations à un enfant pour un projet d’école ou le traçage des observations d’OVNI sur une carte, la recherche d’exemples. Nous laissions tout tomber si  un membre du parlement nous demandait – informant largement les ministres de la défense afin qu’ils puissent répondre de façon polie, factuelle, mais dédaigneuse.

C’était moins  Men in Black et plus  Men in Grey

L’activité au jour le jour tournait autour de l’étude des observations nouvellement signalées : interroger les témoins, la vérification des enregistrements radar, et l’analyse des photos et des vidéos si nous avions eu la chance de les obtenir (c’était l’époque avant que  tout le monde ne soit équipé d’ un téléphone mobile). Ce n’était  pas tout à fait aussi glamour que ne le montrent les films de science-fiction : C’était moins hommes en noir (Men in Black)  et plus  hommes en gris.

Nous recherchions  des explications classiques pour les observations, en essayant de les corréler avec des lancements météo de ballons, des pluies de météores,  rentrées de fusées et une foule d’autres choses que les gens confondent avec des ovnis.

Rencontres extraterrestres

Bien que le MOD ne voulait pas être perçu comme faisant la chasse aux extraterrestres, c’est exactement ce qui est arrivé, grâce à la culture populaire.

Au fil des ans, des livres, des films et d’autres médias ont rendu le terme « OVNI » synonyme de « vaisseau spatial extraterrestre ». Beaucoup de gens croyaient que les gouvernements couvraient la vérité sur les ovnis. Ceci, couplé avec le fait que le MOD est une organisation intrinsèquement secrète, a conduit les gens à penser que nous étions impliqués dans une conspiration sinistre.

Bien que le MOD ait certainement minimisé l’ampleur réelle de son intérêt et son implication dans le sujet, j’ai bien peur que nous n’ayons aucun  ovni écrasé caché où que ce soit.

« Sur environ 12.000 observations ayant fait l’objet d’une enquête par le programme, environ 5% restent inexpliquées »

Cela ne veut pas dire que nous ne disposions pas de cas fascinants dans nos fichiers. Sur environ 12.000 observations ayant fait l’objet d’une enquête par le programme, environ 5% restent inexpliquées » Nous étions particulièrement intéressés quand OVNIS avaient été vus par des policiers, des militaires et des pilotes, surtout s’il y avait une certaine corroboration en termes de preuve radar, ou des films et des photos qui pouvaient être analysés par notre personnel technique.

Les observations d’OVNIS les plus connues du Royaume-Uni ont eu lieu sur une période de trois jours en Décembre 1980 et sont collectivement connus comme l’incident de la Forest de Rendlesham.

Un OVNI a été vu près de bases aériennes de Bentwaters et Woodbridge, et à un moment a atterri dans la forêt voisine. Le MOD a conclu que les niveaux de radiation sur le site d’atterrissage semblait « nettement supérieur à la moyenne ». Les enquêtes séparées du MOD et de l’USAF  (Bentwaters et Woodbridge étaient les bases américaines) se sont avérées peu concluantes.

Aujourd’hui,  on se souvient de l’incident de la Forêt de  Rendlesham  avec « a trace de l’OVNI » du parc (Credit: Clynt Garnham/Alamy)

Un autre cas fascinant, généralement appelé l’incident de Cosford, a eu lieu les 30 et 31 Mars 1993. Des observations multiples sont venues de partout dans le Royaume-Uni sur une période de six heures durant la nuit ; des  témoins incluant la police militaire d’ une base aérienne et l’agent météorologique d’une seconde. Ce dernier a décrit avoir vu un vaste engin de forme triangulaire  survoler lentement a base, en émettant  un bourdonnement sonore basse fréquence, avant de soudainement accélérer au loin, beaucoup plus rapidement qu’un jet militaire.

En dépit de ce cas inexpliqué (et des autres) nous restons sceptiques à propos des extraterrestres.

Une autre théorie a été exposée dans une évaluation des renseignements hautement classifiés nom de code Projet Condign. Condign était le seul domaine où les théoriciens du complot ont eu raison – mais pas pour les raisons qu’ils croyaient. Le gouvernement du Royaume-Uni – et d’autres gouvernements aussi, je suppose – dissimulaient  en effet des informations sur les OVNIS, mais pas sur les extraterrestres. «Aucune preuve n’existe pour suggérer que les phénomènes observés soient hostiles ou sous tout type de contrôle, autre que celui des forces physiques naturelles», a déclaré le rapport, qui a été achevé en 2000 et rendu public en 2006.

Au contraire, nous pourrions avoir affaire à des phénomènes atmosphériques exotiques – et le personnel scientifique et technique du renseignement au MOD croyait  que s’ils   étaient canalisés, ceux-ci pourraient être en mesure d’être appliqués au domaine militaire. Comme le dit le résumé du rapport final du projet Condign : «Il est recommandé qu’une enquête plus approfondie soit faite sur les différentes caractéristiques des plasmas afin de permettre de nouvelles applications militaires . »

Ceci est le dernier secret obscur sur les ovnis, car un phénomène naturel qui pourrait être militarisé serait très attrayant pour les militaires de toute nation.

En 2009, après près de 60 années de recherche officielle et d’enquête, le MOD fermait le département dédié aux OVNIs  dans une vaste série  de coupes budgétaire de la défense. Aucun communiqué ne fut adressé  à l’attention du public. Au lieu de cela, ojn a glissé l’information en modifiant une déclaration sur le site internet  du MOD qui indiquait aux gens comment signaler les observations d’OVNI.

Il y a des méprises avec des engins actuels qu’on prend pour des ovnis, comme ce  drone sans pilote X-47B  sur la base aérienne militaire Edwards en Californie  (Credit: US Air Force Photo/Alamy)

La nouvelle version déclarait   : « Le MOD n’a aucune opinion sur l’existence ou non d’une vie extraterrestre. Cependant, sur une période de plus de cinquante ans, aucun rapport d’OVNI n’a révélé la moindre  preuve d’une menace potentielle pour le Royaume-Uni « .

La déclaration poursuivait  en disant que la recherche OVNI était maintenant « une mauvaise utilisation des ressources de la défense »  et que à compter du 1er Décembre 2009, les enquêtes cesseraient. Le MOD ne serait  plus habilité  de répondre aux témoins d’OVNIS.

Une nouvelle tendance concernant les dossiers classés X ?

Suite aux carences officielles , certains témoins d’OVNIS s’orientent désormais vers les médias pendant que d’autres témoins préfèrent les organisations civiles tel que la British UFO Research Association ou des associations privées . D’autres encore, ne rapporteront rien du tout concernant leurs observations.

Alors que des scientifiques ou des universitaires qui veulent étudier le sujet préfèrent les explications astronomiques, météorologiques ou psychologiques pour expliquer les observations et les expériences des gens, ils  trouvent  que l’absence d’une base de données centrale rend un tel effort difficile, voire impossible.

Mise à part l’étude académique,  l’omniprésence des drones est un rappel opportun que nous devons être au courant de tout dans notre espace aérien. Les drones peuvent être utilisés pour  l’espionnage, alors que certains analystes de la sécurité ont exprimé la crainte que des terroristes puissent les utiliser pour transporter des explosifs, ou pour heurter des avions de passagers.

Plus généralement, que  nous soyons croyants ou sceptiques sur le  sujet de la fréquentation extraterrestre, nous devrions être curieux à propos d’un mystère qui dure depuis près de 70 ans. C’est notre désir de chercher la connaissance pour l’amour de la connaissance qui nous rend humain. Combien d’incidents fascinants qui se déroulent actuellement n’obtiennent qu’ un simple coup d’œil rapide d’amateurs, ou ne sont pas signalés du tout ?

Les lanternes chinoises vues de loin embrouillaient le MOD pendant son projet UFO (Crédit: Zoonar GmbH / Alamy)

Un nouveau projet OVNI pourrait être plus ciblé  que le précédent et filtrer les cas en écartant rapidement les centaines d’observations de lanternes chinoises qui embrouillaient le ministère de la défense durant les dernières années du projet OVNI. Parallèlement à l’étude des meilleurs nouveaux rapports, les cas classiques tels que l’incident de la forêt de Rendlesham et Cosford pourraient faire l’objet d’une nouvelle enquête, de la même manière que la police entreprend un nouvel examen des « cold case » (enquêtes criminelles non résolues qui demeurent ouvertes dans l’attente d’un nouvel indice – note du traducteur- ) On devrait pouvoir faire tout cela à partir de ressources existantes parce que le MOD a déjà toutes les capacités nécessaires pour enquêter sur les ovnis, qu’il s’agisse des systèmes de radars militaires ou l’analyse pointue de l’imagerie.

Il existe un énorme intérêt du public dans ce domaine. Lorsque le Royaume-Uni a obtenu son Freedom of Information Act, le MOD a reçu plus de demandes au sujet des OVNIS que tout autre sujet. Poussé par cet intérêt, un projet en cours de déclassifier les fichiers OVNIs du MOD a entraîné la publication de près de 60.000 pages de documentation, y compris les rapports d’observation  autrefois classés X au MOD.  Chaque fois qu’un lot de fichiers OVNI est publié, il fait de nouvelles manchettes dans le monde entier. Le dernier lot de dossiers sera rendu public cette année

Sans un endroit où les gens peuvent aller quand ils observent quelque chose d’étrange, nous ne pouvons pas être pleinement informés de ce qui se passe dans notre espace aérien. Et, après tout, même si nous sommes seuls dans l’univers, nous ne sommes pas seuls sur Terre…

Source 

{https://area51blog.wordpress.com/ }

22-04-2016 om 16:54 geschreven door peter  

UFOTV Presents - FIRE IN THE SKY: THE TRAVIS WALTON STORY – MUFON UFO SYMPOSIUM

22-04-2016 om 16:47 geschreven door peter  

Self-Sufficient Sub-Biosphere 2 Can House 100 People Under the Sea

ARCHITECTURE

by Lori Zimmer

VIEW SLIDESHOW

London designer Phil Pauley is a modern day Jules Verne who has spent the past 20 years designing an underwater city . For Pauley, Sub-Biosphere 2 is more than just a fantasy - it’s a viable structure he hopes to see built in his lifetime. The self-sustaining, futuristic biosphere is designed to house 100 inhabitants underwater, and it’s the latest in a slew of projects that aim to ease housing shortages for a growing global population.

Phil Pauley Sub biosphere 2

The Central Support Biome controls and monitors life systems within the complex, including fresh air, water, food and electricity as well as atmospheric pressure control. Inside, the system will have a seed bank for growing hydroponic crops to feed the 100 inhabitants.

Phil Pauley Sub biosphere 2

London designer Phil Pauley is a modern day Jules Verne who has spent the past 20 years designing an underwater city . For Pauley, Sub-Biosphere 2 is more than just a fantasy - it’s a viable structure he hopes to see built in his lifetime. The self-sustaining, futuristic biosphere is designed to house 100 inhabitants underwater, and it’s the latest in a slew of projects that aim to ease housing shortages for a growing global population.

Phil Pauley Sub biosphere 2

Whether Pauley’s underwater world will see the light of day remains to be seen, but in the meantime the design consultant is seeking a publisher for a trilogy of self-penned science fiction books that appropriately take place in a civilization that lives under the sea.

Phil Pauley Sub biosphere 2

The surrounding individual pods would be split with ten stories above water and ten beneath the surface. The entire complex would be 1,105 feet wide, with anchoring on the sea floor.

Phil Pauley Sub biosphere 2

The Central pod would rise forty stories above water, while additional twenty would be submerged beneath the sea.

Phil Pauley Sub biosphere 2

Whether Pauley’s underwater world will see the light of day remains to be seen, but in the meantime the design consultant is seeking a publisher for a trilogy of self-penned science fiction books that appropriately take place in a civilization that lives under the sea.

{ http://inhabitat.com/ }

22-04-2016 om 16:41 geschreven door peter  

Would You Eat 3D Printed Cheese?

Dmytro Sukharevskyy/colourbox

22-04-2016 om 16:21 geschreven door peter  

A New Theory Regarding EmDrive: The Fuel-Free Method of Space Travel

Normandy SR3

DmitryEp18

IN BRIEF

A scientist just unveiled a new idea regarding how EmDrive, the 'impossible engine' that functions without fuel, actually works. But don't plan on heading to the stars just yet.

THE SPACE TRAVEL OF THE FUTURE?

EmDrive is at it again, it seems. Recently, Mike McCulloch, from Plymouth University in the U.K., unveiled a theory that aims to explain how this physics-breaking mode of travel couldactually work. And his theory has some proponents of this method of transport rather excited.

But before we go into the newly proposed theory: A quick summary of what EmDrive actually is.

In short, EmDrive could allow us to explore our universe in ways that, today, we can only dream about…if it’s ever developed, that is. It works (or should work) thanks to microwaves. The claim is, you bounce microwaves back and forth inside a truncated cone, and the result will be a thrust toward the narrow end of the cone.

That seems simple enough, yes? After all, you are just converting kinetic energy into another form of energy.

Well, here is the kicker: The total momentum increases as the device begins to move. That is like placing yourself inside a box, pushing on the side, and generating thrust. Sounds silly, doesn’t it? Well, here is another kicker: To date, a number of  teams around the world have built their own versions of the EmDrive. And they generate thrust…but only a tiny amount.

And, alas, we don’t know where this increased momentum comes from. Critics assert that this is a violation of the law of conservation of momentum (which is part of the fundamental physics that governs our universe). Moreover, scientists assert that there are other effects that could, in essence, be producing a false positive and generating this increased thrust.

To that end, a host of scientists have been trying to work out whether this is an anomaly or if it actually works (and if so, how). This is where McCulloch comes in.

A NEW IDEA

In short, the new theory is based on ideas regarding inertia and the way objects move under very small accelerations. It has to do with something called “the Unruh effect.” This asserts that an accelerating object experiences black body radiation, meaning that the universe warms up when you accelerate. And in this regard, according to McCulloch, inertia is the pressure the Unruh radiation exerts on an accelerating body.

As MIT notes, “at very small accelerations, the wavelengths of Unruh radiation become so large they can no longer fit in the observable universe. When this happens, inertia can take only certain whole-wavelength values and so jumps from one value to the next. In other words, inertia must quantized at small accelerations.”

Thus, the inertia of photons that are inside of the aforementioned truncated cone have to change as they bounce back and forth. And to conserve momentum, this must generate a thrust.

In an email interview, RIT astrophysicist Brian Koberlein summarizes:

The Unruh effect (basically) says that an accelerated object should see a thermal background due to background quantum fluctuations. The calculation of the Unruh effect is straightforward, and isn’t controversial. Unruh radiation is (basically) the idea that in the detection of this thermal background you can trigger the emission of real particles. In other words, can you create real radiation ‘out of the vacuum.’ So they are claiming Unruh radiation is real, and causing the EM effect.

So. Is this the solution we needed? Well, maybe not.

In the end, there are a number of ways that individuals have attempted to explain EmDrive, and to date, none of them have been shown to provide a conclusive answer. And while MuCulloch’s idea is based upon long established theoretical ideas, he applies the ideas is rather unconventional (and controversial) ways.

Koberlein notes that the work, in itself, is certainly valuable, stating, “they are trying to fit the results to a model, and looking for testable predictions, both of which are great.” However, he clarifies, saying that we need to maintain a healthy dose of skepticism.

In relation to the idea that the Unruh effect is responsible for inertia, he asserts, “the quantized inertia idea at least makes some predictions that can be tested, so that’s not bad;” however, this does not mean that it is responsible for the thrust that is seen in relation to the EmDrive. He continues, “the idea that the EM effect can account for the flyby anomaly is weak tea. To begin with, just because it can be made to fit under certain assumptions, it isn’t the same as predicting an effect. Secondly, there are lots of proposed explanations for the flyby effect, most of which are more mundane and don’t require exotic physics (such as radio chirps).”

So it seems that it may be a little early to assert that we have figured out how EmDrive really works. As Koberlein concludes, “The biggest challenge they still have is that these results are so extraordinarily small that lots of things can explain them. They aren’t there yet, though.”

{ http://futurism.com/ }

22-04-2016 om 16:09 geschreven door peter  

SCIENTIST CONFIRM THE EXISTENCE OF ALIEN ENTITIES 2016! (A MUST WATCH!)

22-04-2016 om 15:59 geschreven door peter  

Traveling Genetics

If so, can this very early knowledge of the American continent best explain how haplogroup X, a Middle Eastern gene, found itself in the region of the Great Lakes 10,000 years ago? If an advanced Mediterranean culture did not travel to North America via island hopping as Plato claimed, how else then can we justify that elevated concentrations of haplogroup X also ‘strangely’ exist in Scotland, Orkney Islands, Faroe Islands, and Iceland, essentially all the island stops on the way to North America from Europe. Finally, how do we otherwise explain that official mtDNA maps show that the highest concentration of haplogroup X away from the eastern Mediterranean exists on the east coast of North America, around the Great Lakes, and not in Alaska or alongside the west coast of the United States, where mainstream scientists maintain haplogroup X infiltrated the American continent. The fact that there is no conclusive scientific explanation to justify the lack of haplogroup X in the enormous void between Altai Republic in southern Russia and the greater region of the Great Lakes, unquestionably raises legitimate doubts on the Bering Strait hypothesis.

mtDNA Map: Spread of Haplogroup X (Courtesy author)

As for the Solutrean/Clovis theory (Europeans simply made it to America on a partial ice sheet via the Atlantic), how can the supporters of this hypothesis rationalize that out of a dozen distinct haplogroups in Europe at the time (H,V,J,HV,U,T,UK,X,W, and I), only haplogroup X conveniently made it to North America?

• The Realm of Poseidon: A Mythical Voyage Around the Aegean
• When Ancient Masters Ruled the Earth: The Mysterious Depths of the Saint Croix Basin
• What Became of Atlantis: The Flood from Heaven

If we ignore Plato's claim that a particular race of prehistoric Mediterranean navigators (in a contained environment) crossed the Atlantic via island hopping 10,000 years ago, and simply assume that 10 millennia ago the path to North America was open from both directions (the north Atlantic as well as the Bering Strait), how do we explain that only a single European/Mediterranean gene managed the journey to the New World via the Atlantic, while on the opposite side, every one of the four Asian haplogroups (A,B,C and D) sequentially followed each other to America through the Bering Strait?

Finally, as for the general notion that Atlantis “was swallowed by the sea and vanished” this is simply another misconception.

"But at a later time there occurred portentous earth quakes and floods, and one grievous day and night .... And the island of Atlantis in like manner was swallowed up by the sea and vanished."

- Plato

We must not ignore that in the same paragraph Plato points out that Atlantis' demise came after several “portentous earthquakes and floods.” The mention of earthquakes and floods in the plural not only confirms that the island’s destruction was gradual but this statement further corroborates that the periodic floods were most likely associated with the rise of the oceans as earlier indicated. Furthermore, the remark “one grievous day and night”, more of a stock phrase among Greeks, does not necessarily imply that the island was lost within 24 hours, but that the end event occurred at some unknown point in time.

Not speaking in literal terms but poetically, Plato said the island on that very day was “swallowed” (claimed) by the sea, and it “vanished.” In another paragraph though, he accurately describes the particular region and explains that once the flood cycle finally ended, the mountain tops of Atlantis remained above water and formed small islands (just as in the case of the modern Cyclades). Poetically once more, he compared these small islets to the “bones of the wasted body” of the "country" that once was there.

"The consequence is, that in comparison of what then was, there are remaining in small islets only the bones of the wasted body, as they may be called, all the richer and softer parts of the soil having fallen away, and the mere skeleton of the country being left."

- Plato

Extracted from the book, "Uchronia? - Atlantis Revealed" by Christos A. Djonis. For more on Atlantis and other topics, look for the book on Amazon.

Featured image: Deriv; Bust of Plato (CC BY 2.5 ), Map of Santorini, 1703 ( Public Domain ), underwater ruins (Saramarielin/ CC BY 2.0 )

By Christos A. Djonis

{ http://www.ancient-origins.net/  }

22-04-2016 om 15:43 geschreven door peter