Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
Donderdag 31 december 2020
Extraterrestrial intelligent life forms still exist on Earth. An entity that travels to the earth and kidnaps humans.
Extraterrestrial intelligent life forms still exist on Earth. An entity that travels to the earth and kidnaps humans.
BIG UFO CAUGHT ON VIDEO HOVERING OVER THE PHILIPPINES 12-17-2020 UFO SPOTTED FLYING IN A CITY OVER THE PHILIPPINES ON 12-17-2020. THE CRAFT IN QUESTION HOVERED OVER A BUILDING BEFORE ASCENDING UP IN THE CLOUDS.
Travel‘s airing of the James Fox UFO documentary Wednesday night (8 to 10 p.m) was superb.
(Was it the Phenomenon movie or parts culled from it?)
Old classic UFO sightings had material that I hadn’t seen before; for example, the measured footprints alongside the Socorro landing impressions from the 1964 craft that Lonnie Zamora spotted.
(I noted that a cursory fling at the 1966 Ann Arbor/Dexter UFO sighting misspelled the main witness’s name as Frank Manor when it’s Frank Mannor.)
The 1959 Reverend Gill sighting was encapsulated by a video of Reverend Gill talking about it and giving credence to what he and his parishioners saw.
The AATIP videos were exploited and made fresh by new insights.
There were so many old/new things presented with material(s) not known by most UFOers that it was one of the best UFO presentations I’ve seen.
The 1994 Ariel school sighting ended the showing with an elaboration that provided information indicating, for me, the idea that UFOs and their alleged “pilots” are from our future, rather than extraterrestrials.
The airing was dedicated to Stanton Friedman, a nice touch.
Ancient Faces Off Greenland, Google Earth Discovery! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery:Dec 31, 2020 Location of discovery: Between Greenland and Canada Google Coordinates: 81° 2'0.79"N 84°58'37.99"W
I was using Google Earth map and found a woman's face along the water. I say woman's because I believe the alien artist used the water as part of its art...using part of nature to mesh into the beauty of the woman and to exaggerate how beautiful she was by insinuating that her hair was long and flowing like the ocean itself. She also has a ruffled dress that comes just above the breast area, no straps holding it up. Her bare shoulders are both visible and magnificently done.
I also found a harbor area that looks intelligently made. And there is also another face, that I believe will frighten people so much that they may try to deny its real. Because the human defense mechanisms are powerful and will fight anything that challenges how we see the world around us. Nothing is more challenging of our reality than the possibility that our reality is not the true reality of things.
Hello dear followers of the Latest UFO Sightings website. This crazy year is finally coming to the end! I hope you are all doing well and I wish you all the best in 2021!
Here’s a Youtube playlist with the best UFO sightings that were filmed this year.
A tool used for 'delicate abrading' dates back some 350,000 years
Such implements were previously thought to be introduced 200,000 years ago
Homo sapiens only arrived on the scene 300,000 years ago
Made of dolemite, it was probably used by early hominids on soft animal hides
Archaeologists believe they've found the oldest known tool used for grinding or scraping, dating back some 350,000 years.
Found in the Tabun Cave in northern Israel, the implement is a cobble, a type of small rounded stone, and predates homo sapiens by at least 50,000 years.
Previously, such tools weren't thought to have been introduced until much later, approximately 200,000 years ago.
It was used by prehistoric hominids for 'delicate abrading,' researchers say, though for exactly what purpose is still unknown.
Archaeologists in Israel have identified what they believe is the oldest known tool used for grinding or scraping, in Mount Carmel's Tabun Cave. At 350,000 years old, it predates modern homo sapiens by thousands of years
Tabun Cave, located on Mount Carmel near Haifa, was first explored by British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod in the 1920s.
It is believed to be home to one of the longest periods of human occupation in the Levant.
Excavations have suggested hominid activity there dating back at least 500,000 years.
Flint fragments discovered in the cave have provided the oldest signs of humans controlling fire.
Tabun Cave was first excavated in the 1920s and artifacts there date back at least 500,000 years. Flint fragments on the site have provided the earliest signs of humans controlling fire
Tabun Cave, at Mount Carmel in northern Israel, is believed to be the site of one of the longest periods of human occupation in the Levant
Made of the mineral dolomite, the tool was first uncovered in the 1960s, but its simplistic appearance led it to be largely ignored for decades.
More recently it was reexamined by a team from the University of Haifa's Zinman Institute of Archaeology as part of an ongoing effort to reassess items found at the cave.
Judging by microscopic wear patterns, they determined it was used for scraping surfaces—a groundbreaking discovery.
'The entire engagement in this technology is much later, around 200,000 years ago,' co-author Ron Shimelmitz told Haaretz.
It's evidence that 'at such an early stage a very significant technology was added to [the hominids'] 'toolbox,'' according to the researchers, who published their findings in the Journal of Human Evolution.
The dolemite cobble, seen here from different angles, bears markings similar to those found on later grinding tools. Grinding and scraping require a horizontal motion and allows for more delicate work
'While the tool is seemingly 'simple,' its early appearance and the fact that it has no parallel in such an early stage of human evolution give it world importance.'
They hypothesize it was used to work soft animal hides but whether for clothing or some other purpose is still a mystery.
'We were left with some question marks,' Shimelmitz told The Times of Israel.
Earlier stone tools have been found before—some dating to more than 3 million years ago—but they usually showed evidence of pounding or beating, which are vertical motions.
This dolemite cobble is the first known item used for scraping, which requires a horizontal motion and allows for more delicate manipulation of a material.
Marks on the stone are similar to those found on later grinding tools, The Times of Israel.
The discovery connects us more closely to our pre-human ancestor and allows scientists to trace 'how cognitive and motor abilities that developed during human evolution eventually evolved into important phenomena in human culture to this day,' the authors said in a statement, including agriculture, food production, fixed residences, storage and 'an increase in social and economic complexity.'
Knapped flint tools, which are easier to distinguish from natural rocks than the abrading stone
The world’s oldest stone tool used for “delicate” abrading work was found close to Haifa, Israel, and dates back approximately 350,000 years. This is pretty significant as it dates back about 150,000 years earlier than when those types of tools were previously thought to have existed.
According to the University of Haifa research team, the dolomite cobble, which was discovered in the Tabun Cave at Mount Carmel, was believed to have been used to wear down materials (most probably soft materials), although the exact purpose is still unknown.
Researchers Ron Shimelmitz, Iris Groman-Yaroslavski, Mina Weinstein-Evron, and Danny Rosenberg, of the university’s Zinman Institute of Archaeology, explained this further, “While the tool is seemingly ‘simple,’ its early appearance and the fact that it has no parallel in such an early stage of human evolution give it world importance,” adding that the small rounded stone was “at such an early stage a very significant technology was added to [the hominids’] ‘toolbox’.”
Haifa, Israel
This isn’t the oldest tool ever discovered, as previous discoveries have dated as far back as 1.5 million years; however, those were used to pound or beat materials. The cobble found in the Tabun Cave is the oldest known tool that was used for abrading materials. Another significant difference is that the cobble was used in a horizontal motion while the older pounding tools were used in vertical motions.
The researchers explained this further, “The small cobble is of immense importance because it allows us to trace the earliest origins of the abrasion action and how cognitive and motor abilities that developed during human evolution eventually evolved into important phenomena in human culture to this day, primarily involving abrasion and development of food production techniques, stationary settlement, agriculture, storage and later an increase in social and economic complexity.”
Mount Carmel
The tool was originally discovered in the 1960s but researchers have recently analyzed it in more detail as part of a project where experts study objects that have been previously found at the Mount Carmel sites. In fact, the cave in which the cobble was found has been used by hominids for the last 500,000 years so the site is of extreme importance.
The researchers saw that the stones contained marks which were consistent with abrading work. At that point, they performed several tests on additional dolomite cobbles that were discovered in the same area. They rubbed the cobbles against different materials in order to find out which ones made those same marks and they found that it was probably used on animal hides. (Pictures can be seen here.)
A stone abrasion tool, dated to be some 350,000 years old, that was found in the Tabun Cave in Mount Carmel.
(University of Haifa)
Archaeologists working at the Tabun Cave in Mount Carmel.
Part 1 of this two-part article was on a notorious character in a post-Second World War-era program called Paperclip. It was a Faustian pact of the worst kind: to secretly bring Nazi scientists to work in the United States. Indeed, immediately after the Second World War came to an end in 1945, certain elements of the military and intelligence community clandestinely sought to bring numerous scientists within the German medical and scientific communities into the United States to continue research – and at times highly controversial research – they had undertaken at the height of the war. It was research that included studies of human anatomy and physiology in relation to aerospace medicine, high-altitude exposure, and what was then termed “space biology.” The startling fact that some of these scientists were ardent Nazis, and even members of the notorious and feared SS, proved not a problem at all to the government of the time. Thus was born the notorious Paperclip, so named because the papers of the recruits were paper-clipped to regular American immigration forms.
In part 1, I revealed that if we are going to solve the Roswell mystery of 1947, then we need to think of new approaches – mainly because we’ve pretty much hit a brick wall. This brought me to a man named Hubertus Strughold – also a Nazi and also someone brought to the United States to work. Strughold was also someone who knew what happened at Roswell. My view is that instead of just focusing on Roswell the event to try and find answers, we should focus on the scientists who may have know what really happened at Roswell. And that would include at least some of the Paperclip scientists. So, having addressed Strughold in the first part of this article, today I’m going to focus on another German scientist brought to the United States and who knew of the “human experimentation” angle of Roswell.
Wernher von Braun was born in Wirsitz, Germany, on March 23, 1912 and earned his bachelor’s degree at the age of twenty from the University of Berlin, where he also received his doctorate in physics in 1934. Between 1932 and 1937, von Braun was employed by the German Ordnance Department and became technical director of the Peenemuende Rocket Center in 1937, where the V-2 rocket was developed. Von Braun came to the United States in September 1945 under contract with the Army Ordnance Corps as part of Paperclip and worked on high altitude firings of captured V-2 rockets at the White Sands Proving Ground, until he became project director of the Ordnance Research and Development Division Sub-Office at Fort Bliss, Texas. On October 28, 1949, the Secretary of the Army approved the transfer of the Fort Bliss group to Redstone Arsenal; and after his arrival in Huntsville in April 1950, von Braun was appointed Director of Development Operations.
Wernher von Braun
Major development projects under von Braun’s technical direction included the Redstone rocket, the Jupiter Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, and the Pershing missile. He and his team of German scientists and engineers were also responsible for developing the Jupiter C Reentry Test Missile and launching the Free World’s first scientific earth satellite, Explorer 1. On July 1, 1960, von Braun and his team were transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and became the nucleus of the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center at Redstone Arsenal. He served as Director of the Marshall Center until February 1970 when he moved to NASA Headquarters to serve as Deputy Associate Administrator. On 1 July 1972, von Braun left NASA to become Vice President of Engineering and Development for Fairchild Industries in Germantown, Maryland and was inducted into the Ordnance Corps Hall of Fame in 1973. Von Braun retired in January 1977 due to ill health and died on June 16, 1977.
The fact that several old-timers quietly told me that von Braun knew of Roswell – the truth of a horrifying human experiment and zero to do with aliens – makes me think that going after von Braun’s files might find something. Now, I’m not talking about the huge numbers of known files of the man. I’m talking about potential unknown files, ones that are perhaps tucked away in old archives – and that just might lead us to something important on Roswell. Going deeper and deeper into the work (and the still-hidden files) of Nazi scum just might throw light on the biggest controversy Ufology has ever had: Roswell.
James Doohan played Montgomery Scott in the original Star Trek TV show. Photo: Getty Images
The ashes of the late James Doohan, who played chief engineer Montgomery Scott on the original Star Trek television series, have been aboard the International Space Station for 12 years — and the Times of London has the fascinating backstory of how it happened. Doohan died in 2005 at the age of 85, and his family wanted to fulfill his wish of getting on the ISS.
Official requests to bring Doohan’s ashes on the ISS were denied, but Richard Garriott — one of the first private citizens to travel on the space station — managed to smuggle some of Doohan’s ashes into the space station’s Columbus module. Garriott says he took a laminated picture of Doohan and some of his ashes and put it under the floor of the Columbus. He didn’t tell anyone about the scheme — only he and Doohan’s family knew until now.
“It was completely clandestine,” Garriott told the Times. “His family were very pleased that the ashes made it up there but we were all disappointed we didn’t get to talk about it publicly for so long. Now enough time has passed that we can.”
It’s not the first time Doohan’s ashes have made into the heavens. A portion of his ashes were aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 1 rocket in 2008, but that rocket failed minutes after launch. And in 2012, an urn with some of Doohan’s ashes flew into space aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9. According to the Times, Doohan’s ashes have traveled some 1.7 billion miles across space, and have orbited the Earth more than 70,000 times.
Doohan’s son Chris thanked Garriott for smuggling his late father’s ashes aboard the ISS. “What he did was touching — it meant so much to me, so much to my family and it would have meant so much to my dad,” he said.
Years after his death, Scotty is still boldly going... well, you know the rest.
An enigmatic radio signal from the direction of Proxima Centauri, the Sun’s nearest stellar neighbor, has set the internet ablaze with rumor and speculation. It could turn out to be the real deal — a calling card from another civilization. More likely, it’s much ado about nothing.
The discovery was leaked to the British newspaper The Guardian, which reported the story December 18. Researchers subsequently granted interviews to Scientific American and National Geographic. Since then, however, the discovery team has remained tight-lipped about the signal. But the information revealed to date is intriguing.
A strange signal
The 64-meter Parkes radio telescope in Australia picked up the faint signal in April and May 2019 while observing Proxima Centauri, a red dwarf 4.25 light-years from Earth. Notably, this feeble star has at least two planets, one of which is a super-Earth with at least 1.17 Earth masses that orbits in the star’s habitable zone — the region around a star where a planet with the right conditions could host liquid water on its surface.
Astronomers were using Parkes to catch radio emission from powerful flares shooting off the star. But the $100 million Breakthrough Listen project, the world’s most advanced SETI endeavor, was piggybacking on the observations to simultaneously search for alien signals. In late October 2020, Breakthrough Listen intern Shane Smith, an undergraduate at Hillsdale College, found a narrowband transmission at a frequency of 982.002 megahertz — in a portion of the radio spectrum rarely used by human-made transmitters — buried in the data.
Although the press reports are a bit unclear on exactly how and when Parkes detected the signal, it apparently showed up during five 30-minute periods over several days, all while the telescope was pointing directly at Proxima. Notably, when the telescope was turned away from the star, the signal vanished. Ultimately, the signal’s origin appears tightly constrained within a 16'-wide circle — roughly half the size of the Full Moon — around Proxima Centauri on the sky.
Breakthrough Listen employs software filters that reject the cacophony of signals originating from Earth or Earth-orbiting satellites to isolate those coming from deep space. But this transmission was unlike anything the project has previously encountered. Team leader Andrew Siemion told Scientific American, “It has some particular properties that caused it to pass many of our checks, and we cannot yet explain it.”
Astronomers using the Parkes radio telescope in Australia have detected a signal of unknown origin coming from the region around Proxima Centauri.
Robert Naeye
Digging deeper
The team has dubbed the signal BLC-1, for Breakthrough Listen Candidate-1. And they are emphasizing the word “candidate.”
Pete Worden, executive director of Breakthrough Listen’s parent organization, Breakthrough Initiatives, told Scientific American that the signal is 99.9 percent likely to be human radio interference. On December 19, he tweeted: “At this point we have some interesting signals we believe are interference but as of yet have not been able to track down the source.”
Based on the information that has been made public, the signal was concentrated into an extremely narrow range of frequencies — the hallmark of an artificial signal and distinctly unlike all known natural radio sources. The transmission was apparently monotone, meaning it was not modulated in a manner that conveys more complex information.
Over the course of the observations, it increased in frequency — essentially rising in pitch — by an unspecified amount, suggesting a source moving toward the telescope. “It could be from the orbital motion of a planet, or from a free-floating transmitter, or from a transmitter on a moon,” Penn State University astronomer Jason Wright wrote on his blog.
But he quickly added, “The most likely explanation is probably that it is a source on the surface of the earth whose frequency is, for whatever reason, very slowly changing.”
Astronomers think the fact that the signal is very close to an integer MHz value strongly suggests a human origin, Wright also wrote. After all, why would aliens transmit signals that match such a specific value of a human-derived unit of measurement?
This artist's concept shows the rocky super-Earth Proxima b, which orbits in Proxima Centauri's habitable zone. Some astronomers have noted the extreme unlikelihood that the nearest civilization would also inhabit the closest planetary system. But Jasom Wright points out that one or more advanced civilizations could have set up a galactic communication network, with Proxima as the closest node to Earth for relaying messages.
ESO/M. Kornmesser
What if?
On the off chance that BLC-1 turns out to be the real deal, it would raise the question of whether humanity should send a reply — something within our current means. Our message could potentially stimulate a response in less than a decade, starting an interstellar dialogue well within the lifetimes of most people alive today. That’s an incredibly exciting prospect. But this possibility also raises concerning questions about our conversation partners: Who are they? What are their motives? Do they pose a threat? Technologically advanced beings at Proxima Centauri could reach Earth in a few decades if they can traverse interstellar space at an appreciable fraction of the speed of light. After all, Breakthrough Initiatives is planning just such a venture with its Starshot project, which plans to use a powerful laser to accelerate about a thousand ultra-lightweight, centimeter-sized craft attached to light sails. Such craft can theoretically attain 15 to 20 percent the speed of light, meaning they could reach the Proxima system in 20 to 30 years.
And what would such a nearby alien civilization know about us?
“I find it difficult to believe that a technological civilization on Proxima Centauri would not know about life on Earth,” says astrobiologist Jacob Haqq-Misra of the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science. “The only way they would not know is if they are almost exactly at our present-day level of technology, so that we are discovering them the same time they are discovering us. This is generally unlikely, because even a thousand-year difference between our two civilizations — a short time in astronomy — would lead to drastic differences in our detection capabilities.”
Next steps
The Breakthrough Listen team is now working on two scientific papers that will report more details on BLC-1. They are also undoubtedly trying to identify all possible sources of terrestrial interference, as well as determine whether the signal repeats by observing again with Parkes and other radio telescopes, or combing through archival data.
At least for now, BLC-1 is the most tantalizing SETI signal since Ohio State University’s Big Ear radio telescope picked up the powerful “Wow!” signal on August 15, 1977. That 72-second narrowband transmission emanated from the direction of Sagittarius. The signal has never repeated, but it also remains unexplained.
If BLC-1 is simply — as is most likely — human interference, then it's no big deal, perhaps just a bit of an embarrassment to whomever leaked the story to The Guardian. But if BLC-1 is a bona fide extraterrestrial signal, it could change the course of world history. An alien radio transmitter just 4.25 light-years from Earth would be a game changer. No doubt this is why the discovery team has gone silent and is working hard to get its analysis right.
Even if BLC-1 turns out to be human radio interference, detailed analysis will help SETI researchers refine their search parameters to make later searches more efficient. “Ultimately, I think we’ll be able to convince ourselves that [BLC-1] is interference. But the end result will certainly be that it will make our experiments more powerful in the future,” Siemion told National Geographic.
June 16, 1963, Albuquerque, New Mexico, One Of The Most Impressive “UFO” Photographic Sequences In The World.
54 years ago in New Mexico, the farmer Paul Villa was able to capture with his Kodak camera a Discoidal Ship at close range and with Great Sharpness, the photographs obtained by Villa revealed the metallic structure of the Flying Disc, as well as its incredible evolutions in the air, the base and the dome of the object are perfectly distinguishable, as well as the “Windows” area right in the middle of the object,
Paul managed to immortalize the historic Encounter happened more than half a century ago.
Today as yesterday these “Machines” continue surprising us, capable of traveling from one universe to another, performing the most unusual maneuvers, overriding any airspace, changing their trajectory suddenly, suspending for hours at will, these Artifacts that are part of the so-called Phenomenon UFO, they have left the record of their presence for almost seven uninterrupted decades, it is time to accept this irrefutable Extraterrestrial reality.
Aliens From Andromeda Told US Army Personnel That Humans Are Composite Of 22 Different E.T. Races
Alex Collier is one of the famous alien contactees who claimed that for over 30 years, he had been in contact with aliens from the constellation Andromeda. Their contact included multiple visits to aliens’ spaceships and telepathic connections for decades.
Many well-known UFO enthusiasts considered Alex to be credible, at least in the sense that he tries to convey as fully as possible the information received from his contacts with the Andromedans.
Alien contactee Alex Collier served in military service as a helicopter pilot in the U.S. Army
Collier claimed that he was mentored by two andromedans, Vissaeus and Moranay. He said that those Andromedans are the descendants of the ancient Lyrans. The Andromedans took him aboard their spaceships, including a large extraterrestrial ship, where he had been training for three months. The Andromedans gave him information about cosmic spirituality, life in the universe, and the galactic history of Earth.
Alex Collier said that his first encounter with the Andromedans took place in 1964. Since 1985, he had been in constant and consistent communication with them. In 1993, he began attending seminars where he started sharing the information he received from the aliens with the people. In 1997, he even got a threat from some unknown people who wanted him to stop spreading the information. He took it seriously and did not speak until 2002.
Alex claimed that his first contact with aliens from Andromeda happened in 1964
According to various interviews by Collier, he described Earth being under the control of “regressive” extra-terrestrial beings. Those aliens came to Earth from the star system known as Alpha Draconis. He said that humans are separated by two different philosophical belief systems. One of them spreads love & free will, while the other one shows control and resource consumption.
In his last lecture before he retired from the UFO lecture circuit in 2002, Collier said that the ancient alien race known as the “Founders” are responsible for building planets’ environment and make them suitable for life. The Andromedans and the Pleiadians believed that this ancient alien race is called the “Paa Tal.”
He even said that those aliens are capable of removing moons to alter the planet’s position from its sun to control the amount of radiation. Andromedans could reportedly create a solar system.
Collier claimed that humans are composite of 22 different ETs races that arrived on Earth at different times
Collier noted that the Andromedans are about 4,300 to 4,500 years ahead of us in technology. They do not count years in 365 days as we do on Earth. According to different extraterrestrials, one year is a time when every cell in their body duplicates itself, and it takes around 34 years.
Dr. Michael E. Salla, a well-known scholar in international politics, conflict resolution, and U.S. foreign policy, claimed in one of his articles that aliens from other planets and civilizations live on Earth in peace. But for aliens, humans are barbarians and savages who pose a threat even to themselves.
Collier wrote in a letter in July 2009:
“Dr. Salla’s efforts to help bring humanity together and see the bigger picture will have a profound effect on humanity positively for decades. And I also feel that Dr. Salla’s honesty is beyond reproach.”
Collier claimed that there are about 135 billion people living on the planets in the eight closest galaxies to us. He even said that when he visited one of those habitable planets, those people got scared of seeing an earthling because of our bad reputation. In the whole universe, only humans could make their own people slaves and kill them for their own benefits.
In his interview in 1994, he said that all human life originated from the constellation Lyra. He said that the aliens from Andromeda were humans in every way. They were 4 to 8 feet tall with white & blue skin. He even talked about the missing children, the coming New World Order, control of dark forces on the world politicians, the existence of Reptilian aliens, our religions, and the history of Earth and our Universe.
The First British Person To Go Into Space Said She Believes Aliens Are Real And They May Be Among Us.
Dr Helen Sharman shares her first space memory, the historic 1975 Apollo-Soyuz mission.
Helen Sharman spent eight days in space as an astronaut, serving as a crew member on the Russian Mir space station. It was a fascinating experience that made her feel she had played a part in helping humanity to discover more about the universe.
In an interview published Sunday, she told the Observer magazine about her belief in extraterrestrial existence. “There are so many billions of stars out there in the universe that there must be all sorts of different forms of life,” she said. These beings may not be made of carbon and nitrogen (two of the composite elements in the human body) but rather of materials unseen by the human eye. “It’s possible they’re here right now and we simply can’t see them,” Sharman said.
Dr. Sharman was recognised in the 2018 New Year’s honours list and joined the Order of St Michael and St George. Elsewhere in the interview, she pointed out the sexism in the assumption that the first British astronaut must have been a man. “People often describe me as the first British woman in space, but I was actually the first British person,” she said. “It’s telling that we would otherwise assume it was a man.” Sharman, 56, is a chemist at Imperial College in London.
Though Sharman may be one of the first astronauts to share their beliefs in alien life forms unknown so publicly, she isn’t alone. Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins, when asked on Twitter if he believed in life outside Earth, responded “yes” – without any further context.
NASA astronaut Michael Collins believes in alien life outside of Earth
(Image: NASA/GETTY)
Beyond the belief that there are alien life forms and they could be among us, Ms. Sharman gained further insights. She shared being in space taught her it’s people, not material goods, which truly matter. She recognized that she had all she needed to survive: the right temperature, food and drink, safety. She did not think about the physical items owned on Earth while in space. What she did realize is “When we flew over specific parts of the globe, it was always our loved ones we thought of down below us.”
As an experienced astronaut, Ms. Sharman has advice for young people interested in a career in space. Sharman found her opportunity to go into space through her work as a scientist, and she would definitely encourage young people to think of a career in science. Science opens up the world – it’s such an interesting topic that enables you to play a part in discovery and making our world better.
Sharman shared she almost decided not to apply for the Mission, and if she didn’t just give it a try, she would not have travelled into space at all.
She said: As my mum used to tell me: ‘If you don’t try something, you’ll never know what might have happened.’
Memory swipes: Samantha McDonald says she has been abducted by aliens
A British woman claims she has been abducted by aliens on repeated visits since she first made contact with them in the 1990s.
Samantha McDonald told a sceptical Phillip Schofield and Holly Willoughby on This Morning how she has experienced supernatural activity from the early 1990s until last year.
She describes her extraterrestrial visitors as 'the reptilians' and 'the greys' - who she believes are working together.
She said: 'I've asked them what they want with me and they have said they had come to take me and my family. What they were after was my energy and soul essence.
'I don't know why they keep coming back to me. I think it is to do with my energies as I'm into healing and meditation.'
When asked to describe what happens when she's taken, Samantha said she has no recollection of her ordeals.
She explained: 'You don't always remember the abductions because you have memory swipes. You just feel like you have been somewhere but you don't actually remember it.'
When Phillip queried if this is what most of us what describe as a dream she replied: 'No definitely not. I've woken up with marks all over my body and been possessed - sometimes to the point of mind control - where thoughts come into your head that are not your own. I can't explain it any other way.'
She added that she has woken up to find her body covered in needle marks, scratches and bruises after an abduction.
While she hasn't had a visit for the past year, Samantha said she doesn't fear a return.
'I've been through so much already I try to take it in my stride,' she said.
She revealed that she believes her other-worldly experiences have also led to her being put under surveillance on Earth, stating she often has black helicopters over her home and has been followed by police cars. ''I think they are trying to send the message, "we are watching you, you better be careful"', Samantha said of the not so subtle surveillance.
Samantha appeared on the ITV show as part of their 'supernatural week' along with Joanne Summerscales, founder of the AMMACH Project (which stands for Anomalous Mind Management Abductee Contactee Helpline).
Scroll down for video
+4
Not alone: Joanne Summerscales, left, has said Samantha is not alone in her experience of extraterrestrials and so she has set up a support group to help them
Joanne said that through her work on the project, which is designed to support those 'usually ridiculed by mainstream "conventionals"' she has found many common threads in experience of those who say they have been abducted by aliens.
Like Samantha claims, many say they have woken up to find themselves covered in unexplained injuries and seem to be under surveillance.
'It's really common. The frequency of helicopter sightings over people who have had alien abductions is phenomenal,' she said.
Joanne said she didn't believe sleep paralysis was an explanation for why people feel they have experienced alien abduction, even though the symptoms of the condition include an temporary inability to move, a feeling someone is in the room, hallucinations and sometimes unconsciously self harming.
Unexplained injuries: Samantha says she has woken up covered in needle marks and bruises following her abductions
Joanne said some of these people have been examined by MRI scans and black light frequency 48 hours after their experience and this has shown florescent marks such as handprints on their bodies.
She said she is never incredulous about the supernatural stories people tell her.
'We have to treat people who say this has happened to them with respect,' she said. 'I don't believe in aliens, I know about them, so it's not about believing but knowing.'
During the rest of the week, This Morning will meet a number of people who claim to have had supernatural experiences - from ghost sightings to telekinesis.
Ahead of the special week, the show asked viewers for their views on the supernatural.
Their survey of 1500 men and women found that almost one in three think they may have seen a UFO and the same number think they have seen a ghost.
Nearly one in five had visited a medium but almost half of them felt cheated by the person claiming to have psychic powers.
A third say they have experienced items vanishing or moving or odd bumps in the night. Sixty per cent don't believe it's possible to move an object with the power of your mind but 20 per cent believe you can have sex with ghosts.
The results also revealed that Samantha isn't the only one to feel a victim of alien abduction, as four per cent said it had also happened to them.
Supernatural: Other This Morning viewers said they have experienced UFOs
A spokesman from This Morning said: 'Our viewers are fascinated by the supernatural and these survey results show that many have had an encounter with a ghost, seen UFO's and would like to make contact with the dead.
'During the week our hosts - some reluctantly - will explore the supernatural world more closely with experts and will also try to find evidence of the afterlife themselves.'
Indeed, a phone in from viewers later in the today's show revealed others have had experiences of UFOs. One said they had seen a strange flying object while driving late at night while another said they had seen crop circles and believed aliens were trying to communicate with us via our food.
Former Apollo Astronaut Says E.T. Intervention Prevented Nuclear War
One of the six men to set foot on the moon back in 1971, Edgar Mitchell, has never held back on remarks about extraterrestrial existence and activity, but his recent statements are nothing short of amazing. He says aliens were not just simply visiting our planet or studying human behavior, but actively attempting to stop the Cold War before it even began.
The Apollo 14 member tells us he has knowledge of UFO presence during almost every single weapons test carried out by the U.S. The peculiar and fast moving objects are said to have been spotted by not only regular troops, but also members of a higher rank.
One such facility was the infamous White Sands, where the first ever nuclear explosion took place, but most missile testing bases had been visited frequently by spacecraft during that period, according to Mitchell, who quotes military insiders on his claims.
He also states he has knowledge of his own, because he spent his childhood and teen years in New Mexico, somewhere around the bomb testing base, and also in the vicinity of Roswell, where the worldwide UFO community firmly believes the most notorious extraterrestrial encounter happened.
He says the aliens were showing interest in White Sands because they knew humans were testing a weapon they hadn’t yet completely developed and wanted to know about America’s ability when it came to such powerful weapons.
One other reason could be the aliens were worried that nuclear warfare or even testing might somehow affect their planet or some other parts of the universe. The veteran doesn’t’ think so though. He is firmly convinced their sole focus was to keep peace on Earth.
Edgar Mitchell says it is not only his opinion, but also that of people he has spoken to along the years who have been part of such encounters. For example, he says the staff camped at important missile bases in the harshest period of the Cold War could often see flying objects directly above them, in those uncertain moments when the push of a button could wipe out a whole continent.
Many times the aliens would make their equipment or missiles malfunction. In areas of the Pacific Ocean, personnel reported their flying missiles being shot down by unidentified aircraft. Mitchell also suggests the number of UFO encounters during that period is simply too high to be taken like a joke or conspiracy theory.
When asked about his thoughts on Edgar Mitchell’s remarks, Nick Pope (the Ministry of Defense’s UFO investigator) said Mitchell is a respectable and honest man, but we can’t be sure his sources, high ranking officials or not, have been similarly honest with him, so his claims could never really be verified because of the classified aspect of his discussions with such people.
Pope also said that the possibility of aliens attempting to keep peace on our planet by sending simple flying aircraft above military bases was a naïve fairy tale, because if we’re really being watched by extraterrestrials, they’re probably so advanced compared to us that they had far more powerful things available if they wanted to stop a nuclear war. Well’ you can’t tell us we’re all crazy Mr. Pope. There’s another Pope already doing it.
As a result of my recent article on my thoughts and observations on the History Channel’s 3-part show on Roswell, a few people contacted me about my words and opinions. I mentioned in the same article that Roswell is now at a stand-still. We’ve hit a brick wall. The Air Force of today can’t find any files. Does that mean we are destined to never get the truth? Well, it depends on our approach. Almost all of the firsthand witnesses are gone. Records? None of an intriguing nature exist, aside from the so-called “Ramey Memo.” Admittedly, that is worth addressing. For all of the research that has been done, though, the memo issue – like so many other angles of Roswell – has now stalled. There is one way that might work, though, and that’s to focus our attentions on various people outside of the direct confines of the Roswell event. That might sound odd, given that we’re trying to find answers to Roswell. But, bear with me. Here’s one example that might work: while doing work for my two Roswell books – Body Snatchers in the Desert andThe Roswell UFO Conspiracy– one name popped up on a few occasions. We’re talking about an extremely controversial man named Hubertus Strughold. Here’s a bit of background on the man.
In January 1994, President Bill Clinton appointed an Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) that was tasked with investigating unethical medical experimentation undertaken on human beings from the mid-1940s onward. The ACHRE was quick to realize that the notorious operation “Paperclip” personnel played direct roles in post-war human experimentation in America. To be sure, Paperclip was a totally disturbing, Faustian pact of hitherto unseen proportions. That brings us to the aforementioned Strughold. Born in Germany in 1898, Strughold obtained a Ph.D. in Biochemistry in 1922, an M.D. in Sensory Physiology in 1923 and between 1929 and 1935 served as Director of the Aeromedical Research Institute, Berlin.
In 1947, as a result of Paperclip’s actions, Strughold joined the staff of the Air Force’s School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field, Texas; and in 1949 he was named head of the then-newly-formed Department of Space Medicine at the School – where, according to documentation uncovered by the ACHRE, he conducted research into “effects of high speed;” “lack of oxygen;” “decompression;” “effects of ultra-violet rays;” “space cabin simulator for testing humans;” “weightlessness;” and “visual disturbances.” Strughold was naturalized as an American citizen in 1956 and, four years later, became Chair of the Advanced Studies Group, Aerospace Medical Center at Brooks Air Force Base. Strughold – whose awards and honors included the USAF Exceptional Civilian Service Award and the Theodore C. Lyster Award of the Aerospace Medical Association – retired in 1968. And, as the Advisory Committee Staff stated:
“Perhaps the most prominent of the Paperclip physicians was Hubertus Strughold, called ‘the father of space medicine’ and for whom the Aeromedical Library at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine was named in 1977. During the War, he was director of the Luftwaffe’s aeromedical institute; a Strughold staff member was acquitted at Nuremberg on the grounds that the physician’s Dachau laboratory was not the site of nefarious experiments. Strughold had a long career at the SAM, including the recruitment of other Paperclip scientists in Germany. His background was the subject of public controversy in the United States. He denied involvements with Nazi experiments and told reporters in this country that his life had been in danger from the Nazis. A citizen for 30 years before his death in 1986, his many honors included an American Award from the Daughters of the American Revolution.”
“An April 1947 intelligence report on Strughold states: ‘[H]is successful career under Hitler would seem to indicate that he must be in full accord with Nazism.’ However, Strughold’s colleagues in Germany and those with whom he had worked briefly in the United States on fellowships described him as politically indifferent or anti-Nazi. In his application to reside in this country, he declared: ‘Further, the United States is the only country of liberty which is able to maintain this liberty and the thousand-year-old culture and western civilization, and it is my intention to support the United States in this task, which is in danger now, with all my scientific abilities and experience.’
“In a 1952 civil service form, Strughold was asked if he had ever been a member of a fascist organization. His answer: ‘Not in my opinion.’ His references therein included the Surgeon General of the Air Force, the director of research at the Lovelace Foundation in New Mexico, and a colleague from the Mayo Clinic. In September 1948, Strughold was granted a security clearance from the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency director, Captain Wev, who in the previous March had written to the Department of State protesting the difficulty of completing immigration procedures for Paperclip recruits.”
I can’t prove that after he came to the United States Strughold was quietly briefed (in 1948) on what happened at Roswell. Several of the old-timers I interviewed, however, were 100 percent sure that Strughold was briefed on it. Not because the Roswell affair involved aliens (it didn’t; the whole thing was a terrible series of unethical, monstrous experiments using people), but because it was hoped Strughold would be able to advance U.S. research in the field of high-altitude experimentation – something that had gone disastrously wrong at Roswell in 1947. So, my suggestion is that we expand our horizons: we’ve got just about all we can find concerning the Roswell controversy. But, something along the lines of an extensive investigation of just about every official document concerning Strughold might reveal. And, then let’s see where the threads and leads take us then. And so on. Maybe, there’s something sitting somewhere in a vault that contains a wealth of material on Strughold that has been overlooked, but that might reveal something important to us. I may, of course, just be grasping at straws. But, the fact that several people said Strughold knew all of what happened – having been secretly briefed – suggests it’s the people and their backgrounds we need to dig into to get answers. And, I’m not talking about U.S. personnel. I’m thinking of Paperclip and the people who were in it. Yes, a huge amount of material on Paperclip has been declassified. Maybe, though, there’s a lot still out of our hands. It’s these alternative avenues we need to go down if we’re going to stand a chance of getting some good, solid answers. They might be the only things left for us.
Linda Moulton Howe: Betty and Barney Hill… The First Documented Alien Abductees
Linda Moulton Howe Betty and Barney Hill… The First Documented Alien Abductees
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Linda Moulton Howe discussed and played the original Betty and Barney Hill hypnosis audio that was recorded by Benjamin Simon, M. D., in Boston. Betty and Barney Hill are known to be the first documented alien abductees.
These unknown bright UFOs were caught on tape in the Gulf of Mexico on 29th December 2020.
Witness report:
Unidentified objects in sky while working offshore, they stayed stationary for over 10 mins, then just faded out. We were about 3 miles away working offshore and on a boat, fixing to ride the personnel basket up on to a platform. It’s about 40 miles south of port Arkansas in Texas.
What do we know about these strange men dressed in black?
Just as they are portrayed in movies, the men in black dress in dark suits, shades and hats. They are government agents who work to keep any alien or UFO information secret and away from the public.
There are few who claim they’d been visited by the men in black in the past. Having an encounter with the men in black is never coincidental.
They warn people to destroy any information on aliens or UFO they may possess. They tent to go further by warning people to keep quiet about what they have encountered otherwise there would be consequences.
While there isn’t much evidence of their existence because of how highly undercover they are, there are a few who speak of their encounters with the men in black.
In 1947, in Maury Washington, a fisherman by the name Harold Dahl, his son and their dog were on a boat when they saw 6 donut-shaped flying saucers hovering over them in Puget Sound near the Eastern shore of Maury island.
One of the strange crafts fell which caused debris to fall from the sky killing his dog and injuring his sons’ arm.
Dahl started to talk about what he’d seen to his friends and family. Later, he was visited by a man in a black suit. The man warned Dahl not to speak of what he’d seen or there would be consequences. Soon after, Harold Dahl started denying what he’d seen. It wasn’t until a few years later that he re-mentioned the man in black who came to visit him.
Dr. Herbert Hopkins worked as a UFO consultant in Maine. One day he got a call from a UFO activist who claimed there was a UFO sighting in the area. The activist wanted to share information on the encounter with Hopkins.
A few moments after the phone call, a man in black visited Hopkins. He warned Hopkins to destroy the evidence once the UFO activist hands it over to him.
Dr. Hopkins was very skeptical of this man and who he was. The man in black, as a scare tactic, revealed that Hopkins has two quarters in his pocket. He asked Hopkins to pull one of the quarters out and place it in his palm. Hopkins claimed that he saw the quarter slowly fade out of his own hand.
The man in black went on to ask Hopkins if he knew an abductee by the name Barney Hill. Hopkin revealed that he knew Barney had died a few years earlier.
The man in black then stated that Barney didn’t have a heart just like he didn’t have a coin. This implied Barney was killed by the agency. Dr. Hopkins was so scared that he destroyed all of his UFO and alien files.
A man by the name of Jim Templeton was spending the day with his daughter in Solway, Firth. Solway is located in the UK near the boarder of Ireland. Templeton snapped a photo of his daughter that revealed a figure in a strange looking space suit standing in the background.
Templeton went to Kodak, who developed the film and they revealed the photo to be authentic. Templeton was later visited by two men in black who referred to themselves as number 9 and number 10.
They wanted to know where Templeton snapped the photograph. When Templeton revealed that he didn’t see the figure in real life and only encountered him in the image, they stormed off.
The image of Templeton’s daughter and the strange figure went public and was aired worldwide. Templeton was then contacted by a staff member who worked at a missile launch pad in Australia. The staff member revealed that two similar figures appeared on their security footage.
Actor Dan Akroyd, who played a role in the film Ghost Busters also encountered the men in black.
Akroyd was filming a series on the paranormal and was researching UFOs for his part. One night, during production, he stepped out of the studio for a phone call when he saw a black ford parked outside. A tall man in black stepped out of the car and starred at Akroyd intensely.
Akroyd turned away from the man and when he looked back, the car and the man in black were both gone. Upon returning to the studio, Akroyd found out that the series was cancelled and production was to halt immediately.
One of the most prominent information on the men in black is on a footage captured in a hotel lobby in 2012.
In April of 2012, in a hotel in Canada, two men entered a hotel looking for the manager who was talking about a UFO sighting he encountered. The manager wasn’t in the hotel at the time but was informed by the bellboy about the two men. The men were described as having no hair, no eyebrows and had identical faces.
6 km long underground world under the Pyramids of Egypt
Egypt is a historical treasure. Packed with monuments, many have been discovered under the surface. This suggests the existence of a whole underground world.
Egypt is the land of mystery and ancient treasures. Many people still believe that the Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest , however, there is one that is even older.
The Stepped Pyramid of Djoser was built about 4,700 years ago , in the Third Dynasty of Egypt.
According to Egyptologists, Djoser , during his reign, was in charge of its construction , naming Imhotep as its architect. A young man who, without knowing it, would revolutionize Egyptian architecture and continue to surprise us today.
The Step Pyramid and what it meant to Ancient Egypt
Egypt had never seen anything like it. It was built entirely of carved stone, becoming the first great monument in history.
For its construction, Imhotep had to have a colossal workforce , almost impossible. According to archeology, it took around 19 years to complete , suggesting that Djoser ruled throughout that time.
According to experts, the pyramid did not start as one, as its foundations show that it was thought of as a mastaba , so Imhotep had to redesign its construction in the process.
In fact, Egypt lacks square mastabas, or at least, to date, none have been found.
The Metropolis of Saqqara
Despite the fact that this pyramid was the most complex construction in the Saqqara Metropolis , there are other buildings of greater importance in the area.
The structures that were in the center were totally surrounded by a limestone wall that reached up to 10.5 meters in height , which had up to 14 doors, but with only one entrance.
It should also be noted that the complex was massive ; it is estimated that it reached up to 15 hectares of land. Simply put, it was 3 times bigger than the Old Kingdom city of Hierakonpolis .
Despite all the marvelous things that we have mentioned, from the dimensions of the complex and the construction of the pyramid, this takes second place when it is known that, under the surface , there is a city equal to or more impressive than the one on its surface.
The underworld
If we believe that the entire Saqqara complex was colossal, the underworld that was built under the Djoser pyramid is a whole metropolis .
Until now, it is not known, nor is it understood, why Imhotep built a whole network of tunnels , chambers, rooms and an extensive labyrinth that, according to studies, reaches up to 6 kilometers in diameter.
This underground world is connected to a kind of chamber of several square meters, located at a depth of 28 meters that is practically in the heart of the Step Pyramid.
Egyptologists assure that this intraterrestrial world under the pyramid would be a funerary complex that tried to imitate the palace and would serve as the place where the spirits of the royal family would live.
But there is a problem; if Djoser’s Step Pyramid was the one that inspired the construction of the rest of the pyramids , why weren’t more underground complexes built?
In fact, this was never attempted again in the next Egyptian generations, not even with the great complex of Giza and its colossal pyramids.
So far this mysterious complex has not been fully studied, so what it hides is not really known. We still have thousands of rooms to go through and study, so a story that, to date, has remained hidden from the world will possibly be discovered
How future spacecraft might handle tricky landings on Venus or Europa
Fan-powered descents and nimble landing legs are just two ideas for touching down safely
If a spacecraft (like the one shown in this artist’s concept) ever touches down on Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, the craft will need to be especially agile in order to stick its landing.
The best way to know a world is to touch it. Scientists have observed the planets and moons in our solar system for centuries, and have flown spacecraft past the orbs for decades. But to really understand these worlds, researchers need to get their hands dirty — or at least a spacecraft’s landing pads.
Since the dawn of the space age, Mars and the moon have gotten almost all the lander love. Only a handful of spacecraft have landed on Venus, our other nearest neighbor world, and none have touched down on Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter thought to be one of the best places in the solar system to look for present-day life (SN: 5/2/14).
Researchers are working to change that. In several talks at the virtual American Geophysical Union meeting that ran from December 1 to December 17, planetary scientists and engineers discussed new tricks that hypothetical future spacecraft may need to land on unfamiliar terrain on Venus and Europa. The missions are still in a design phase and are not on NASA’s launch schedule, but scientists want to be prepared.
Navigating a Venusian gauntlet
Venus is a notoriously difficult world to visit (SN: 2/13/18). Its searing temperatures and crushing atmospheric pressure have destroyed every spacecraft lucky enough to reach the surface within about two hours of arrival. The last landing was over 30 years ago, despite increasing confidence among planetary scientists that Venus’ surface was once habitable (SN: 8/26/16). That possibility of past, and perhaps current, life on Venus is one reason scientists are anxious to get back (SN: 10/28/20).
In one of the proposed plans discussed at the AGU meeting, scientists have ridged, folded mountainous terrain on Venus called tessera in their sights. “Safely landing in tessera terrain is absolutely necessary to satisfy our science objectives,” said planetary scientist Joshua Knicely of the University of Alaska Fairbanks in a talk recorded for the meeting. “We have to do it.”
Knicely is part of a study led by geologist Martha Gilmore of Wesleyan University in Middletown, Conn., to design a hypothetical mission to Venus that could launch in the 2030s. The mission would include three orbiters, an aerobot to float in the clouds and a lander that could drill and analyze samples of tessera rocks. This terrain is thought to have formed where edges of continents slid over and under each other long ago, bringing new rock up to the surface in what might have been some version of plate tectonics. On Earth, this sort of resurfacing may have been important in making the planet hospitable to life (SN: 4/22/20).
Ridged, folded mountainous terrain on Venus called tessera (bright region in this false-color image from NASA’s Magellan spacecraft) might have formed through long-ago tectonic activity.JPL-CALTECH/NASA
But landing in these areas on Venus could be especially difficult. Unfortunately, the best maps of the planet — from NASA’s Magellan orbiter in the 1990s — can’t tell engineers how steep the slopes are in tessera terrain. Those maps suggest that most are less than 30 degrees, which the lander could handle with four telescoping legs. But some could be up to 60 degrees, leaving the spacecraft vulnerable to toppling over.
“We have a very poor understanding of what the surface is like,” Gilmore said in a talk recorded for the meeting. “What’s the boulder size? What’s the rock size distribution? Is it fluffy?”
So the lander will need some kind of intelligent navigation system to pick out the best places to land and steer there. But that need for steering brings up another problem: Unlike landers on Mars, a Venus lander can’t use small rocket engines to slow down as it descends.
The shape of a rocket is tailored to the density of air that it will push against. That’s why rockets that launch spacecraft from Earth have two sections: one for Earth’s atmosphere and one for the near-vacuum of space. Venus’ atmosphere changes density and pressure so quickly between space and the planet’s surface that “dropping a kilometer would go from the rocket working perfectly, to it’s going to misfire and possibly blow itself apart,” Knicely says.
Instead of rockets, the proposed lander would use fans to push itself around, almost like a submarine, turning the disadvantage of the dense atmosphere into an advantage.
The planet’s atmosphere also presents the biggest challenge of all: seeing the ground. Venus’ dense atmosphere scatters light more than Earth’s or Mars’ does, blurring the view of the surface until the last few kilometers of descent.
Worse, the scattered light makes it seem like illumination is coming from all directions at once, like shining a flashlight into fog. There are no shadows to help show steep slopes or reveal big boulders that the lander could crash into. That’s a major issue, according to Knicely, because all of the existing navigation software assumes that light comes from just one direction.
“If we can’t see the ground, we can’t find out where the safe stuff is,” Knicely says. “And we also can’t find out where the science is.” While proposed solutions to the other challenges of landing on Venus are close to doable, he says, this one remains the biggest hurdle.
Sticking the landing on Europa
Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, on the other hand, has no air to blur the surface or break rockets. A hypothetical future Europa lander, also discussed at the AGU meeting, would be able to use the “sky crane” technique (SN: 8/6/12). That method, in which a platform hovers above the surface using rockets and drops a spacecraft to the ground, was used to land the Curiosity rover on Mars in 2012 and will be used for the Perseverance lander in February 2021.
“The engineers are very excited about not having to deal with an atmosphere on the way down,” said spacecraft engineer Jo Pitesky of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., in a recorded talk for the meeting.
Still, there’s a lot that scientists don’t know about Europa’s surface, which could have implications for any lander that touches down, said planetary scientist Marissa Cameron of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in another talk.
The best views of the moon’s landscape are from the Galileo orbiter in the 1990s, and the smallest features it could see were half a kilometer across. Some scientists have suggested that Europa could sport jagged ice spikes called penitentes, similar to ice features in the Chilean Andes Mountains that are named for their resemblance to hooded monks with bowed heads — although more recent work shows Europa’s lack of atmosphere should keep penitentes from forming.
Another mission, the Europa Clipper, that’s already underway will take higher-resolution images when the orbiter visits the Jovian moon later this decade, which should help clarify the issue.
In the meantime, scientists and engineers are running elaborate dress rehearsals for a Europa landing, from simulating ices with different chemical compositions in vacuum chambers to dropping a dummy lander named Olaf from a crane to see how it holds up.
“We have a requirement that says the terrain can have any configuration — jagged, potholes, you name it — and we have to be able to conform to that surface and be stable at it,” says John Gallon, an engineer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. (The dummy lander was named for his 4-year-old daughter’s favorite character in the movie Frozen.)
Olaf, a scale model of a possible Europa lander, is helping NASA engineers test different strategies for landing on the icy moon of Jupiter. The rover is named for the snowman in the movie Frozen.
Over the last two years, Gallon and colleagues have tested different lander feet, legs and configurations in a lab by suspending the lander from the ceiling like a marionette. That suspension helps simulate Europa’s gravity, which is one-seventh that of Earth’s.
Without much gravity, a massive lander could easily bounce around and damage itself when trying to land. “You’re not going to stick the landing like a gymnast coming off the bars,” Gallon says. His team has tried sticky feet, bowl-shaped feet, springs that compress and push into the surface and legs that lock to help the lander stay put on various terrains. The lander might crouch like a frog or stand stiff like a table, depending on what type of surface it lands on.
Although Olaf is hard at work helping scientists figure out what it will take to build a successful Europa lander, the mission itself, like its Venusian counterpart, remains only on some planetary scientists’ wish lists for now. Meanwhile, other researchers dream about voyages to entirely different worlds, including Saturn’s geyser moon Enceladus.
“Some people will pick favorites,” Cameron says. “I just want to land someplace we’ve never been to that’s not Mars. I’d love that.”
Meer van UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
Extraterrestrial intelligent life forms still exist on Earth. An entity that travels to the earth and kidnaps humans.
/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/68585709/475867632.0.jpg)
.jpg)
