Strange Objects Flying Through Our Sky
Four UFOs disappearing into the Moon's Aristarchus Crater
VIDEO: UFOs witnessed over Kearney, Missouri 6-Feb-2021
This triangular formation of lights was filmed over Kearney, MO on 6th February 2021.
Witness report:
We leaving my mother in law’s house and driving out of her subdivision when I saw them and pointed them out to my wife. We live within 20 miles of Kansas City International and see planes coming for approach on a regular basis and know what a plane looks like, These were just read glowing and no distinguishable marks. Lead 3 were in a rigid never changing triangle shape 2 following one merged with the triangle and the other just faded away. This was all to the southeast of our location and they were traveling south to southwest. The Triangle eventually faded out. or turn away so that we could no longer see it. Very brief visually. I am a trained observer from my time in the US Navy and never seen anything like this ever, Not Chinese lanterns or anything else. I have a very short video from my phone but it is not good quality
Study: Humans Can Communicate From Brain To Brain (Telepathy)
Published By Joe Martino
A study out of the University of Washington sheds interesting light on the human capability to communicate between brain and brain without words. Also known as telepathy.
If emerging science begins to change our knowledge of who we truly are, might this new understanding of what it means to be human change the way we live our lives?
Fascinating research out of the University of Washington successfully replicates a direct brain-to-brain connection between multiple pairs of people in a scientific study, following-up on the teams initial demonstration.
The study involved six people who were engaged with each other in pairs from different areas of campus. Researchers sent signals from one person’s brain over the internet to another person in an attempt to control the other’s hand motions with thought.
In order to properly conduct the study researchers needed to separate the subjects and close off certain perceptions of the study method. Each sender of thought was placed in front of a computer game where he or she had to defend a city by firing a cannon and intercepting rockets launched by a pirate ship. But, the senders were not able to interact with the game physically. The only way they could properly defend their city was through thought. When a rocket was coming or when they wanted to fire a cannon, they had to think about doing that intentionally.
Across campus, each receiver sat in a dark room with headphones on and no ability to see the computer game. Their right hand was positioned overtop the touchpad that would fire the cannon when tapped. If brain-to-brain connection was successful between the two pairs, the send would effectively be able to get the receiver to tap the touchpad and fire the cannon.
From a technology standpoint, researchers used two types of noninvasive instruments that can connect with human brains in real-time. One participant was hooked up to a electroencephalography machine that reads brain activity and sends electrical pulses via the web to the receiver. The receiver is wearing a swim cap with a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil placed near the area of the brain that controls hand movements.
This setup effectively allows one person to send a command that would in theory move the hand of another person simply through thought.
“The new study brings our brain-to-brain interfacing paradigm from an initial demonstration to something that is closer to a deliverable technology,” said co-author Andrea Stocco, a research assistant professor of psychology and a researcher at UW’s Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences. “Now we have replicated our methods and know that they can work reliably with walk-in participants.”
UW students Darby Losey, left, and Jose Ceballos are positioned in two different buildings on campus as they would be during a brain-to-brain interface demonstration. The sender, left, thinks about firing a cannon at various points throughout a computer game. That signal is sent over the Web directly to the brain of the receiver, right, whose hand hits a touchpad to fire the cannon.
Credit Mary Levin.
It was found that accuracy varied depending on each pairing. The accuracy range was from 25 to 83 percent. Misses were mostly found to be caused by the sender failing to accurately execute the thought to send the “fire” command. The researchers also were able to quantify the exact amount of information that was transferred between the two brains.
Interestingly the degree of accuracy being low in subjects who couldn’t properly extend intention to the receiver also indicates that it isn’y simply just thoughts that affect our reality but actually the intention. Therefore during study of the phenomenon accuracy in whether or not subjects are truly intending vs just thinking is crucial.
For me personally, this brings interesting insight to my theory that thoughts don’t create reality, but that there needs to be a power behind that thought. A strong intention, emotion, feeling, etc. Further to that, it takes deep practice and a level of mastery to truly train yourself to impact physical reality with thought and intention.
This isn’t the first time brain-to-brain communication has been demonstrated scientifically. Another research team from the company Starlab in Barcelona, Spain, recently published a study with very similar results to the one above. Direct communication between two human brains was demonstrated but this one only featured two subjects.
Also, a study was done that demonstrated telepathy between humans during dreams.
The research team from the University of Washington has been granted a new $1 million grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation so they can take their work to the next level. This clearly illustrates the validity and impressive potential implications of their work.
“Imagine someone who’s a brilliant scientist but not a brilliant teacher. Complex knowledge is hard to explain – we’re limited by language,” said co-author Chantel Prat, a faculty member at the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences and a UW assistant professor of psychology.
It feels like we are living in a time where new discoveries are truly making us question what it means to e human. Who are we? What are our capabilities? If the story of who we truly are changes, would that change how we choose to create our society and life?
Thankfully there are many brilliant people out there not only doing this work to bring forth cutting edge science. Of course this new science does come with opposition and controversy as paradigms are challenged by these ideas. It’s my feeling that there is little value in simply calling this work “pseudoscience” as it often is called, as it only seeks to cast off this work without truly looking into it and remembering to stay curious and playful.
“The day science begins to study non-physical phenomena, it will make more progress in one decade than in all the previous centuries of its existence.”
– Nikola Tesla
Source
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Making air from Moon dust: Scientists create a prototype oxygen plant
U.S. Navy controls inventions that claim to change
U.S. Navy ships
The U.S. Navy controls patents for some futuristic and outlandish technologies, some of which, dubbed "the UFO patents," came to life recently. Of particular note are inventions by the somewhat mysterious Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais, whose tech claims to be able to "engineer reality". His slate of highly-ambitious, borderline sci-fi designs meant for use by the U.S. government range from gravitational wave generators and compact fusion reactors to next-gen hybrid aerospace-underwater crafts with revolutionary propulsion systems, and beyond.
Of course, the existence of patents does not mean these technologies have actually been created but there is evidence that some demonstrations of operability have been successfully carried out. As investigated and reported by The War Zone, a possible reason why some of the patents may have been taken on by the Navy is that the Chinese military might also be developing similar advanced gadgets.
Among Dr. Pais's patents are designs, approved in 2018, for an aerospace-underwater craft of incredible speed and maneuverability. This cone-shaped vehicle can potentially fly just as well anywhere it may be, whether air, water or space, without leaving any heat signatures. It can achieve so by being able to create a quantum vacuum around itself with a very dense polarized energy field. This vacuum would allow it to repel any molecule the craft comes in contact with, no matter the medium. Manipulating "quantum field fluctuations in the local vacuum energy state," would help reduce the craft's inertia. The polarized vacuum would dramatically reduce any elemental resistance and lead to "extreme speeds," claims the paper.
Not only that, if the vacuum-creating technology can be engineered, we'd also be able to "engineer the fabric of our reality at the most fundamental level," states the patent. This would lead to major advancements in aerospace propulsion and generating power. Not to mention other reality-changing outcomes that come to mind.
Among Pais's other patents are inventions that stem from similar thinking, outlining pieces of technology necessary to make his creations come to fruition. His paper presented in 2019, titled "Room Temperature Superconducting System for Use on a Hybrid Aerospace Undersea Craft," presents a system that can achieve superconductivity at room temperatures. This would become "a highly disruptive technology, capable of a total paradigm change in Science and Technology," conveys Pais.
High frequency gravitational wave generator.
Credit: Dr. Salvatore Pais
Another invention devised by Pais is an electromagnetic field generator that could generate "an impenetrable defensive shield to sea and land as well as space-based military and civilian assets". This shield could protect from threats like anti-ship ballistic missiles, cruise missiles that evade radar, coronal mass ejections, military satellites, and even asteroids.
Dr. Pais's ideas center around the phenomenon he dubbed "The Pais Effect". He referred to it in his writings as the "controlled motion of electrically charged matter (from solid to plasma) via accelerated spin and/or accelerated vibration under rapid (yet smooth) acceleration-deceleration-acceleration transients." In less jargon-heavy terms, Pais claims to have figured out how to spin electromagnetic fields in order to contain a fusion reaction – an accomplishment that would lead to a tremendous change in power consumption and an abundance of energy.
According to his bio in a recently published paper on a new Plasma Compression Fusion Device, which could transform energy production, Dr. Pais is a mechanical and aerospace engineer working at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD), which is headquartered in Patuxent River, Maryland. Holding a Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, Pais was a NASA Research Fellow and worked with Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems. His current Department of Defense work involves his "advanced knowledge of theory, analysis, and modern experimental and computational methods in aerodynamics, along with an understanding of air-vehicle and missile design, especially in the domain of hypersonic power plant and vehicle design." He also has expert knowledge of electrooptics, emerging quantum technologies (laser power generation in particular), high-energy electromagnetic field generation, and the "breakthrough field of room temperature superconductivity, as related to advanced field propulsion."
Suffice it to say, with such a list of research credentials that would make Nikola Tesla proud, Dr. Pais seems well-positioned to carry out groundbreaking work.
A craft using an inertial mass reduction device.
Credit: Salvatore Pais
The patents won't necessarily lead to these technologies ever seeing the light of day. The research has its share of detractors and nonbelievers among other scientists, who think the amount of energy required for the fields described by Pais and his ideas on electromagnetic propulsions are well beyond the scope of current tech and are nearly impossible. Yet investigators at The War Zone found comments from Navy officials that indicate the inventions are being looked at seriously enough, and some tests are taking place.
If you'd like to read through Pais's patents yourself, check them out here.
Laser Augmented Turbojet Propulsion System
Credit: Dr. Salvatore Pais
Leaked Government Photo Shows ‘Motionless, Cube-Shaped’ UFO
The U.S. Intelligence Community has known about the mysterious object for two years. What could it be?
An unclassified image that’s reportedly been circulated among U.S. intelligence agencies shows what appears to be unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), the Pentagon’s term for unidentified flying objects. The object in the photo has been described by U.S. officials as silver and “cube-shaped,” according to a report from The Debrief, which first shared the image.
The leaked photo dates back to 2018, when it materialized in an intelligence report from the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF), the Department of Defense’s (DoD) official unit that investigates UAP sightings.
In August, the Pentagon approved the establishment of the task force as the first on-the-books government UFO program since a 2000s-era unit lost its funding in 2012. However, multiple sources confirmed with Popular Mechanics earlier this year that the unit remained active in secrecy after its shuttering. According to The Debrief, the UATPF has briefed government and military officials on UAP matters for the last two years; the newly surfaced image appeared in a report issued by the task force during that time.
A military pilot reportedly encountered the object while flying over the Atlantic Ocean on the East Coast of the U.S. in 2018 and captured it with their personal cell phone. It’s likely that a backseat weapons system operator on an F/A-18F Super Hornet took the photo of the object, which McMillan calls “inverted” and “bell-shaped,” and describes it having “ridges or other protrusions along its lateral edges, extending toward its base.”
It’s possible the object may be a GPS dropsonde, a sensor on a parachute that provides info on the vertical profile of a storm. But as McMillan points out (and confirms with an atmospheric researcher), the actual dropsonde doesn’t appear in the photo—just the potential square-cone parachute. And there would obviously have to be an aircraft above the object to drop it, and no such craft is visible in the image.
Is the object a research balloon? Probably not, two defense officials tell McMillan. “Pilots who encountered the object described that, unlike a balloon under similar conditions, the object was completely motionless and seemingly unaffected by ambient air currents,” he writes.
While we await further details about the mysterious object in the photo, it continues to be a busy time for the advancement and disclosure of UAP research.
In a July New York Times article, Harry Reid, the former Nevada senator who was instrumental in funding the government’s original UFO program, said he believes “crashes of objects of unknown origin may have occurred and that retrieved materials should be studied.” Reid said he came to the conclusion that “there were actual materials that the government and the private sector had in their possession,” according to reports.
In the same Times article, the astrophysicist Eric Davis, who consulted with the Pentagon’s original UFO program and now works for the defense contractor Aerospace Corporation, said that after he examined certain materials, he came to the conclusion that “we couldn’t make [them] ourselves.” In fact, Davis briefed a DoD agency as recently as March about retrieving materials from “off-world vehicles not made on this Earth.”
The UAPTF will investigate matters like these—as long as President Donald Trump doesn’t veto the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) the annual bill that sets the budget and policies for the U.S. military.
The NDAA, which must be passed and signed before Congress adjourns on January 3, includes appropriations for fiscal year 2021 for the UAPTF and supports its efforts to reveal any links that UAP “have to adversarial foreign governments, and the threat they pose to U.S. military assets and installations.” But a Trump veto of the NDAA may stall the momentum of the task force.
As for other UAP-related events this year, in April, the U.S. Navy officially released three previously leaked videos taken by Navy pilots that indeed show UAP—but the service also said the footage should have never been released to the public in the first place.
The Pentagon released the videos in order to “clear up any misconceptions by the public on whether or not the footage that has been circulating was real, or whether or not there is more to the videos,” a spokesperson told Popular Mechanics at the time.
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The great saucer invasion: The day six 'spaceships' landed in England
The great saucer invasion: The day six 'spaceships' landed in England
By Tanya Gupta - BBC News
They had big metal domes, emitted a strange, ominous hum and appeared one morning in a straight line across southern England. For a few hours, members of the public, police and the Army really believed alien spaceships had landed - until it was revealed to be a stunt by students. But how was the hoax so successful?
They had metal domes, emitted a strange and ominous hum and appeared in a straight line one morning in the south of England. The public, the police, and the Army believed they had landed extraterrestrial spaceships until it was revealed that it was a student joke. But how did they make the deception so successful?
The apparently extra-terrestrial vessels prompted a major police and military response, witnessed by Ray Seager who was with other children playing outside when one of the six saucers was found in the Isle of Sheppey on 4 September 1967.
"We all came running over, and there it was," he said. "There were no two ways about it. It was there.
"It was the old flying saucer shape. It was a silver, big dome with the thing round the outside. Yes, it was a flying saucer."
While the children were excited, he recalls there was also real fear as the police arrived.
"They started coming up the hill, and as they started getting close, they started gesturing to us, all the kids, to move away. And they were frightened I think, just as much as we were."
Newspapers reported how the saucers were watched, listened to and weighed at police stations and one RAF base throughout the day.
The Sheppey saucer was removed by RAF helicopter, while satellite experts were called to a "landing" site in Berkshire amid reports the object found there was bleeping and hissing and full of a mysterious liquid.
From the moment apprentices at Farnborough's Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) came up with the idea for the hoax, there was a determination it should be convincing, said engineer Chris Southall.
All of them were interested in sci-fi, and they set out to create a design that would not be recognisably human.
There could be no giveaway features on the saucers, such as portholes or aerials, nor anything that might be seen on terrestrial inventions such as a plane or a boat.
First they made the metal-coated, fibreglass saucers by forming plaster moulds to build them in two halves, and then they sandwiched them together with electronic sound equipment inside.
"When you turned the saucers upside down, it flicked a switch and started a battery," Mr Southall said.
"We were putting them out in secret, in the middle of the night, in the early hours, and we didn't want them to make a noise until then. Only when we left, we turned them upside down and the noise started - and then we got away quick."
The saucers were also filled with a flour and water mix that fermented inside and turned into foul-smelling slime.
"We wanted to make something that looked really alien," he said.
They were placed in six locations in a straight line from east to west - Queenborough on the Isle of Sheppey, Bromley in south London, Ascot, the village of Welford, near Newbury, in Berkshire, Chippenham in Wiltshire and Clevedon in Somerset.
Engineer Rog Palmer, who was also on the committee, organised teams of two or three apprentices to take the saucers to each location and briefed each group about how to carry out the task, including what to say if stopped by the police - that they had stayed out late at a party.
And by the time the saucers were discovered, the pranksters were back in their hostel - where 500 apprentices lived - bleary-eyed over breakfast after being up all night, but very excited.
They had risen to the task of planting the "spaceships" without detection, but were they prepared for the extraordinary success of their hoax?
Mr Southall, now 72 and an environmental campaigner who runs an eco-house in Clacton, Essex, remembers it was the era of Sputnik and space exploration - and says the whole point of the hoax was for it to be taken seriously.
"We thought the government should have some sort of plan if aliens did land," he said.
"So we gave them a chance to try out whatever plan they had - but they didn't have one."
He recalls the surprise of the apprentices when police and Army responders blew one saucer up and dropped another.
David Clarke, media law expert at Sheffield Hallam University and a consultant and curator for the National Archives UFO project, believes the response to the hoax was flawed.
"One of the saucers when they actually drilled into it, because it was full of this compacted, sort of papier-maché mess, actually exploded and showered the police officers with this stuff.
"If it had been some kind of radiation hazard, how would they have dealt with that? It would have been a disaster area.
"And what did they do? Just washed it down the drains."
Dr Clarke and Mr Southall agree that in 1967 the public imagination was already gripped by UFO fever - at the time the Ministry of Defence was receiving near-daily reports of sightings.
But despite this climate, the apprentices did not expect the huge media response, which included international coverage and double-page spreads.
"It was more than we hoped for," Mr Southall said.
The events of that day remain something of a blur for him, but he remembers trekking to a TV studio in the evening after the hoax had been exposed.
By the time the papers went to press, journalists had been told about the prank, but it didn't deter them from reporting it as an alien invasion, Mr Southall said.
Press cuttings from the time reveal official sources "tended to be snappy" when questioned about the hoax.
But police confirmed no action was to be taken against the pranksters, with one Bromley officer quoted as saying: "We are taking it like gentlemen."
Mr Southall admits that to put the police and Army to such an inconvenience today would have entirely different consequences.
"Those were hippie days," he said. "We were apprentices from the RAE and people had a kinder attitude to us because of who we were, and in those days it was different."
Now, he says, the saucers would be treated as explosive devices and detonated - and the hoaxers could end up in jail.
"That's one of the interesting things looking back at this, 50 years on.
"The times we live in now are much harsher, and I don't think we could do it now. We would end up in trouble."
Real UFO?
Remembering when a 'UFO' landed near Bracknell and sparked mass panic
The "flying saucers" landed in a paddock in a home in Winkfield in 1967
Hugh Fort - Reporter
The UFO that landed in Winkfield in 1967
As far as a student pranks go, creating an incident which received worldwide coverage is fairly good going. But that is exactly what happened back in 1967 when an "alien invasion" took place.
The extraordinary events happened on September 4 that year.
Christopher Lever, then a worker in the city who lived in Winkfield, found a mysterious silver saucer in a paddock at his home in the village on the outskirts of Bracknell.
He didn't know at the time, but five other similar "spacecraft" were found around the country, which sparked fears of an Independence Day-style alien invasion.
Some of the devices that landed elsewhere in the country bleeped when they were touched, and others emitted a foul-smelling liquid. The saucer in Winkfield did neither.
The police were called and the "flying saucer" was taken to the police station in Ascot.
An investigation was carried out and gradually it was revealed the "alien invasion" was an elaborate hoax by engineer apprentices at the Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough.
Another of the "saucers" was found in the wilds of West Berkshire in Welford near Newbury.
The historian John Keeling spoke to BerkshireLive about the incident in 2008.
He said: “There used to be a satellite tracking station nearby so Christopher contacted them.
“They passed it to their station engineer Roger Kenyon, who thought the best part of valour was to stand at a distance and throw pennies at it – he thought it might blow up or angry little green men might emerge.
“When he ran out of change he went closer. Eventually the police were called and officers from Bracknell came and took the saucer to the station in Ascot.”
The incident was so high profile it prompted a government investigation and secret files into the incident were released in 2011.
The papers revealed they were fitted with a motion sensitive alarm that went off if they were moved. They were also filled with a foul-smelling green gunge.
People were so scared by the crafts that in some areas the army was called in.
While the incident was debunked as a hoax, a recent report has revealed Berkshire as a hotspot for UFO sightings. And the area has a long history of mysterious activity in the skies.
Berkshire is the home of the first ever UFO sighting, in the skies above Windsor Castle way back in 1783.
{ https://www.getreading.co.uk/ }
JADES will go deeper than the Hubble Deep Fields
Astronomers announced this month that a new deep-field survey called JADES will be carried out with the James Webb Space Telescope, Hubble’s much-anticipated successor. The Webb is due to launch later this year.
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field (in its eXtreme version) is the deepest view of the universe yet obtained … and will be, until JADES takes over. It stretches approximately 13 billion light-years and includes approximately 10,000 galaxies. It took 11.3 days for the Hubble Space Telescope to collect these ancient photons. Try downloading the largest version and zoom in on different sections. We’re seeing these galaxies as they were billions of years ago. How might they look today?
Image via NASA/ ESA/ S. Beckwith (STSci)/ HUDF team.
Astronomers announced a new deeper-than-ever sky survey this month (January 15, 2021), to be conducted with the James Webb Space Telescope, the Hubble telescope’s successor, scheduled for launch in October of this year. The new survey is abbreviated JADES, which is short for James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey. The survey will be like the Hubble Deep Fields, but deeper still. Its main goal is to see far away in space – and thus far back into the very young universe – and image it just at the end of the so-called Cosmic Dark Ages, that is, at the time when gas in the universe went from being opaque to transparent. This is also the time when the very first stars were forming – very large, massive and bright stars – in a veritable firestorm of star birth when the young universe was less than 5% of its current age.
The Webb telescope will be located near the second Lagrange point – a relatively stable region of space, gravitationally speaking, known as L2 – some 930,000 miles (1.5 million km) from Earth. To conduct the new survey, the Webb telescope will be staring at a small point of space for nearly 800 hours (approximately 33 days) to be able to see fainter objects than those ever seen before and thus to find the first generation of galaxies. Astronomers want to know, among other things, how fast did these galaxies form, and how fast did their stars form? They also want to look for the very first supermassive black holes, which are thought to lie at the hearts of nearly all large galaxies, including our Milky Way.
The long-anticipated launch of the James Webb Space Telescope has been postponed a number of times for a variety of reasons, most recently because of effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is the formal successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, but is equipped with instrumentation able to image further into the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum than Hubble could.
This capability also makes it a worthy successor to the infrared Spitzer Space Telescope which recently went into retirement.
What makes the infrared part of the spectrum so important for surveys like JADES? If you look really deep, you will also look back in time, and the farther back in time you look, the more redshifted the galaxies are (the farther away they are, the faster they move away from us, and the more their light has been shifted towards the red part of the spectrum). This means that the light we want to observe, originally in the optical (visible) part of the electromagnetic spectrum, might not even show much in the optical part anymore. Instead, it’s been shifted to longer wavelengths, into the infrared regime.
In other words, the use of infrared cameras is necessary to be able to see the light from the first generation of galaxies. Daniel Eisenstein, a professor of astronomy at Harvard University, said:
Galaxies, we think, begin building up in the first billion years after the Big Bang, and sort of reach adolescence at 1 to 2 billion years. We’re trying to investigate those early periods. We must do this with an infrared-optimized telescope because the expansion of the universe causes light to increase in wavelength as it traverses the vast distance to reach us. So even though the stars are emitting light primarily in optical and ultraviolet wavelengths, that light is shifted quite relentlessly out into the infrared. Only Webb can get to the depth and sensitivity that’s needed to study these early galaxies.
In fact, the James Webb Space Telescope was built specifically for this purpose. Up to now, infrared images are much less resolved – less clear – than optical images, because of their longer wavelength. With its much larger collecting area, the Webb will be able to image, in infrared, at the same resolution – detail – that Hubble could obtain in the optical part of the spectrum.
Get ready for a whole new set of mind-blowing images of the universe, this time in the infrared, from Webb!
After having successfully deployed its solar panels – precisely as it’s supposed to do once it’s in space – the Webb telescope is shown here ready for the final tests on December 17, 2020, at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Then it will be packed up and transported to French Guyana, to be launched on October 31, 2021, via an Ariane V rocket.
Image via NASA/ Chris Gunn.
The use of deep field surveys is a young science, for two reasons. First, astronomers didn’t have the right instrumentation before Hubble to do them. Second, it’s also because no one initially knew the result of staring into a piece of empty space for a long time. Such a long stare into the unknown would require valuable observation time, and if this long observation didn’t produce any results, it would be considered a waste.
But in 1995, Robert Williams, then the director of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), which administrates the Hubble telescope, decided to use his “director’s discretionary time” to point the Hubble toward a very small and absolutely empty-looking part of the sky in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major the Great Bear. There were no stars visible from our Milky Way (or extremely few), no nearby galaxies visible in the field, and no visible gas clouds. Hubble collected photons for 10 consecutive days, and the result, the Hubble Deep Field, was a success and a paradigm changer: A patch of sky about as small as the eye of George Washington on an American quarter (25-cent coin) held out at arm’s length, showed a 10 billion-light-years-long tunnel back in time with a plethora of galaxies – around 3,000 of them – at different evolutionary stages along the way. The field of observational cosmology was born.
This was done again in 1998 with the Hubble telescope pointed to the southern sky (Hubble Deep Field South), and the result was the same. Thus we learned that the universe is uniform over large scales.
Next was the installation of a new, powerful camera on Hubble (the Advanced Camera for Surveys) in 2002. The incredible Hubble Ultra Deep Field was acquired in 2004, in a similarly small patch of sky near the constellation Orion, about 1/10 of a full moon diameter (2.4 x 3.4 arc minutes, in contrast to the original Hubble Deep Fields north and south, which were 2.6 x 2.6 arc minutes). And so our reach was extended even deeper into space, and even further back in time, showing light from 10 thousand galaxies along a 13-billion-light-years-long tunnel of space. If you’ll remember that the universe is about 13.77 billion years old, you’ll see this is getting us really close to the beginning!
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field was the most sensitive astronomical image ever made at wavelengths of visible (optical) light until 2012, when an even more refined version was released, called the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field, which reached even farther: 13.2 billion years back in time.
The JADES survey will be observed in two batches, one on the northern sky and one on the southern in two famous fields called GOODS North and South (abbreviated from Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey).
Marcia Rieke, a professor of astronomy at the University of Arizona who co-leads the JADES Team with Pierre Ferruit of the European Space Agency (ESA), explained:
We chose these fields because they have such a great wealth of supporting information. They’ve been studied at many other wavelengths, so they were the logical ones to do.
View larger. | Look closely. Every single speck of light in this image is a distant galaxy (except for the very few ones with spikes which are foreground stars). This telescopic field of view is part of the GOODS South field. It’s one of the directions in space that’ll be observed in JADES, a new survey that aims to study the very first galaxies to appear in the infancy of the universe.
Image via NASA/ Hubble Space Telescope/ James Webb Space Telescope site.
The GOODS fields have been observed with several of the most famous telescopes, covering a great wavelength range from infrared through optical to X-ray. They are not fully as deep (the observations don’t reach as far back) as the Ultra Deep Field, but cover a larger area of the sky (4-5 times larger) and are the most data-rich areas of the sky in terms of depth combined with wavelength coverage. By the way, the first deep field, HDF-N, is located in the GOODS north image, and the Ultra deep field/eXtreme (don’t you love these names?) is located in the GOODS south field.
There are a large number of ambitious science goals for the JADES program pertaining to the composition of the first galaxies, including the first generation of supermassive black holes. How these came about at such an early time is a mystery. As well, the transition of gas from neutral and opaque to transparent and ionized, something astronomers call the epoch of reionization, is not well understood. JADES team member Andrew Bunker, professor of astrophysics at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, who is also part of the ESA team behind the Webb telescope, said:
This transition is a fundamental phase change in the nature of the universe. We want to understand what caused it. It could be that it’s the light from very early galaxies and the first burst of star formation … It is kind of one of the Holy Grails, to find the so-called Population III stars that formed from the hydrogen and helium of the Big Bang.
People have been trying to do this for many decades and results have been inconclusive so far.
But, hopefully, not for much longer!
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Giant Obsidian Golden Eagle Surfaces in Mexico
The Aztec’s Hueteocalli, otherwise known as the Templo Mayor (which translates into “Great Temple”) stood at the center of Tenochtitlan (Mexico City), the capital city of the Aztec world in Mexico. With its twin temples dedicated to the war god Huitzilopochtli and to the rain god Tlaloc, archaeologists from the Templo Mayor Project ( PTM) of the National Institute of Anthropology and History ( INAH) have discovered a sculptured stone displaying a golden eagle.
It is at the foot of this architectural wonder of the Aztec religious world in modern-day Mexico City, on the central axis of the temple dedicated to Huitzilopochtl and the monumental sculpture of the goddess Coyolxauhqui, that archaeologists have unearthed the giant obsidian eagle. And this is no ordinary carved eagle, for it represents the largest of its type ever discovered.
The golden eagle bas-relief was discovered during excavations at the Templo Mayor in the center of Mexico City.
( Bill Perry / Adobe Stock)
Dating to the rule of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina, between 1440 and 1469 AD, Mexico’s Secretary of Culture, Alejandra Frausto Guerrero, said the carved itzcuauhtli (obsidian eagle) was discovered in February 2020. The representation of a golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos canadensis ) measures 1.06 meters (3.47 ft) long and 0.7 meters (2.26 ft) wide. The ancient bas-relief is “the largest in a set of 67 similar elements discovered in the Templo Mayor .
The stone was discovered near the circular Cuauhxicalco, or “place of the eagle's gourd,” where 16th century accounts say the Tenochca rulers were ritually cremated. Lead archaeologist Professor Leonardo López Luján says the eagle was carved on “red tezontle,” which is a porous, highly oxidized, volcanic rock used extensively in construction in both ancient and modern Mexico.
The golden eagle bas-relief, measuring 1.06 meters (3.47 ft) long and 0.7 meters (2.26 ft) wide, was discovered on the south side of the Templo Mayor in Mexico City
(Mirsa Islas / INAH)
Dr. López Luján added that the plaza floor in the Templo Mayor had been covered since pre-Hispanic time and that it is unique because its bas-reliefs “alluding to the dual conception of the building.” The eagle was discovered on the south side of the temple which is associated with the mythical birth cycle of Huitzilopochtli; while to the north, the bas-reliefs are associated with Tláloc, “the water cycle and the regeneration of corn.” Dr. López Luján’s team originally believed the floor was built by the government of Ahuítzotl between 1486 and 1502 AD, but now it is thought to date to the government of Motecuhzoma I in the 1440s.
Aztec boys were taught about weaponry and warfare until the age of 17 when the best students progressed to become “eagle warriors” and earned nobility in Aztec society . However, to achieve adult status young men had to capture their first prisoner and after they had captured 20 a young man was eligible to become either a jaguar or eagle warrior. Either way, both paths meant a life spent in constant battle to capture prisoners for sacrificing to the gods.
The Mexican coat of arms depicts a golden eagle perched on a prickly pear cactus devouring a rattlesnake.
( Public domain )
The golden eagle exists today in the Mexican coat of arms , that depicts the bird of prey perched on a prickly pear cactus devouring a rattlesnake. This image reflects the ancient Aztec legend that their capital city was located where an eagle was seen eating a snake on top of a lake. For the people of Tenochtitlan the eagle symbol had strong and positive religious connotations, but for the European invaders it was the serpent from the Garden of Eden representing the sinister voice of temptation.
The eagle was not only symbolic in ancient Mexico but across the entirety of South America from Brazil in the east to Ecuador in the west, and Peru in the south: where it was incorporated in mythology with the condor. According to the the Pachamama Alliance “The Eagle and the Condor” is an ancient Inca prophecy that speaks of humans splitting and following two paths, that of the eagle or the condor. The path of the condor is the path of heart, of intuition, and as such it represents feminine universal aspects. On the other hand, the path of the eagle is the path of the mind: the masculine way.
The prophecy of the eagle and condor says that beginning in the 1490s a 500-year cycle would begin in which the Eagle people would become so powerful that they would nearly drive the Condor people out of existence. This prophecy is believed to have become manifest in the subsequent Spanish conquest of South America, and according to most indigenous communities in South America today is still unfolding in the shape of old giants ripping apart their indigenous lands for liquid gold.
By Ashley Cowie
SpaceX vs NASA: Who will get us to the moon first? Here's how their latest rockets compare
Gareth Dorrian, Post Doctoral Research Fellow in Space Science, University of Birmingham
Ian Whittaker, Senior Lecturer in Physics, Nottingham Trent University
No-one has visited the moon since 1972. But with the advent of commercial human spaceflight, the urge to return is resurgent and generating a new space race. Nasa has selected the private company SpaceX to be part of its commercial spaceflight operations, but the firm is also pursuing its own space exploration agenda.
To enable flights to the moon and beyond, both NASA and SpaceX are developing new heavy lift rockets: SpaceX's Starship and Nasa’s Space Launch System.
But how do they differ and which one is more powerful?
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Rockets go through multiple stages to get into orbit. By discarding spent fuel tanks while in flight, the rocket becomes lighter and therefore easier to accelerate. Once in operation, SpaceX's launch system will be comprised of two stages: the launch vehicle known as Super Heavy and the Starship.
Super Heavy is powered by the Raptor rocket engine, burning a combination of liquid methane and liquid oxygen. The basic principle of a liquid fuel rocket engine is that two propellants – a fuel such as kerosene and an oxidiser such as liquid oxygen – are brought together in a combustion chamber and ignited. The flame produces hot gas under high pressure which is expelled at high speed through the engine nozzle to produce thrust.
The rocket will provide 15 million pounds of thrust at launch, which is approximately twice as much as the rockets of the Apollo era. Atop the launcher sits the Starship, itself powered by another six Raptor engines and equipped with a large mission bay for accommodating satellites, compartments for up to 100 crew and even extra fuel tanks for refuelling in space, which is critical to long duration interplanetary human spaceflight.
The Starship is designed to operate both in the vacuum of space and within the atmospheres of Earth and Mars, using small moveable wings to glide to a desired landing zone.
Once over the landing area, the Starship flips into a vertical position and uses its on-board Raptor engines to make a powered descent and landing. It will have sufficient thrust to lift itself off the surface of Mars or the moon, overcoming the weaker gravity of these worlds, and return to Earth – again making a powered soft landing. The Starship and Super Heavy are both fully reusable and the entire system is designed to lift more than 100 tons of payload to the surface of the Moon or Mars.
The spacecraft is maturing rapidly. A recent test flight of the Starship prototype, the SN8, successfully demonstrated a number of the manoeuvres required to make this work. Unfortunately, there was a malfunction in one of the Raptor engines and the SN8 crashed on landing. Another test flight is expected in the coming days.
The Space Launch System (SLS) from Nasa will be taking the crown from the discontinued Saturn V as the most powerful rocket the agency has ever used. The current incarnation (SLS block 1) stands at almost 100 metres tall.
The SLS core stage, containing more than 3.3 million litres of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (equivalent to one-and-a-half Olympic size swimming pools), is powered by four RS-25 engines, three of which were used on the previous Space Shuttle. Their main difference from the Raptors is that they burn liquid hydrogen instead of methane.
The core stage of the rocket is augmented by two solid rocket boosters, attached to its sides, providing a total combined thrust of 8.2 million pounds at launch - about 5% more than the Saturn V at launch. This will lift the spacecraft to low Earth orbit. The upper stage is intended to lift the attached payload – the astronaut capsule – out of Earth’s orbit and is a smaller liquid fuel stage powered by a single RL-10 engine (already in use by ATLAS and DELTA rockets) which is smaller and lighter than the RS-25.
The Space Launch System will send the Orion crew capsule, which can support up to six crew for 21 days, to the Moon as part of the Artemis-1 mission – a task that current Nasa rockets are currently not capable of performing.
It is intended to have large acrylic windows so astronauts can watch the journey. It will also have its own engine and fuel supply, as well as secondary propulsion systems for returning to the Earth. Future space stations, such as the Lunar Gateway, will serve as a logistical hub, which may include refuelling.
The core stage and booster rockets are unlikely to be reusable (instead of landing they will drop in the ocean), so there is a higher cost with the SLS system, both in materials and environmentally. It is designed to evolve to larger stages capable of carrying crew or cargo weighing up to 120 tonnes, which is potentially more than Starship.
A lot of the technology being used in SLS is so-called "legacy equipment" in that it is adapted from previous missions, cutting down the research and development time. However, earlier this month, a test fire of the SLS core stage was stopped a minute into the eight-minute test due to a suspected component failure. No significant damage occurred, and the SLS program manager, John Honeycutt, stated: "I don't think we're looking at a significant design change."
So which spacecraft likely to reach carry a crew to the moon first? Artemis 2 is planned as the first crewed mission using SLS to perform a flyby of the moon and is expected to launch in August 2023. Whereas SpaceX has no specific date planned for crewed launch, they are running #dearMoon – a project involving lunar space tourism planned for 2023. Musk has also stated that a crewed Martian mission could take place as early as 2024, also using Starship.
Whoever reaches the moon first will inaugurate a new era of exploration of a world which still has much scientific value.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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Mummy with a gold tongue found in Egypt
Could they speak to the gods?
Archaeologists have found a 2,000-year-old mummy with a gold tongue at an ancient Egyptian site called Taposiris Magna.
Embalmers perhaps placed the golden tongue on the mummy to ensure that the deceased would be able to speak in the afterlife, the Egyptian antiquities ministry said in a statement released Jan 29.
For instance, if the golden-tongued mummy encountered Osiris, the god of the underworld, in the afterlife, they would have needed to be able to speak to the god, the statement said. It isn’t clear if the mummy had a speech impediment when they were alive. It’s also not clear why the tongue was made out of gold specifically.
The archaeologists, led by Kathleen Martinez, from the Dominican Republic, discovered the mummy in one of 16 burials at Taposiris Magna, which has temples dedicated to Osiris and Isis, a goddess who was both the wife and sister of Osiris. Previously, archaeologists found a hoard of coins decorated with the face of Cleopatra VII, suggesting the temples were in use during the queen’s reign.
Among the other burials at the site, archaeologists discovered this female mummy who has a death mask that covers much of her body.
(Image credit: Egyptian antiquities ministry)
The remains of several statues depicting the deceased were also recently found at the site.
(Image credit: Egyptian antiquities ministry)
This statue also depicts one of the deceased, a man whose hairstyle is shown in detail.
(Image credit: Egyptian antiquities ministry)
This 2,000-year-old mummy was buried with a golden tongue, likely to help the deceased speak in the afterlife.
(Image credit: Egyptian antiquities ministry)
The other 15 burials also date back around 2,000 years and contain remarkable treasure. In one, a female mummy is wearing a death mask that covers much of her body and depicts her with a headdress while smiling.
Two of the mummies were found with the remains of scrolls, which scholars are currently analyzing and deciphering. The plastered layers, or cartonnage, encasing one of these mummies has golden decorations of Osiris, the statement said.
The researchers also found several statues that depict the people who were buried at the site; the statues are so well preserved, you can still make out the individual’s hairstyles and headdresses, the statement said. The statues give the people a formal look, with no smiles on their faces.
Though the archaeologists aren’t sure exactly when the individuals died, they can tell that the people lived at a time when Egypt was ruled either by the Ptolemies (304 B.C. to 30 B.C.), who were the descendants of one of Alexander the Great’s generals, or by the Roman Empire, which took over the country after the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 B.C.
A team made of archaeologists from Egypt and the University of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic are conducting these excavations at Taposiris Magna. It is led by Kathleen Martinez, an archaeologist from the Dominican Republic. Excavation of the site and analysis of the remains is ongoing.
Originally published on Live Science.
'UFO sighting' sparks frenzy as eyewitnesses report ‘3 large objects’ in the sky over USA
Amateur video footage reportedly shot on Sunday, January 31, has emerged online which appears to show a trio of strange white objects seemingly flying in formation. The anomalies are easily visible against a brilliant blue sky due to each of their clearly-defined contrails. The bizarre sight was captured in three independently-captured clips, which all show the incredible object in the sky.
Once posted on social media, the initially Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) generated outrageous explanations, including claims they were alien in origin.
“We were struggling to figure out what they were - Air Force 1 with escort? Incoming missiles? Meteorites?”
UFO hoax buster Scott Brando of ufoofinterest.org believes there is terrestrial explanation for the strange sighting.
He told Express.co.uk: “Those objects are just contrails from three military aircrafts, two of them identified by Mick West of Metabunk as C-17A Globemasters.”
Using the Radarbox online tool, the fact checker added: “[Flights] COHO71 and COHO71 show up on FlightAware, TCM to CHS.
“And presumably there was a third plane with no ADS-B accompanying them – not entirely uncommon with military planes.
“The small kink in the path is magnified by perspective compression.”
Footage from one of the vide clips records one eyewitness saying: “I was having my morning coffee, I generally look out my window while I'm doing that.
“I looked up and I asked my friend if they could see that weird smoke trails. The trails were long at first and you could see that there was a Direction Change in the upper atmosphere.
“As it got lower to the ground, I would say within 1,500 feet, they slowly started changing directions and started heading East toward Buckley Air Force Base.”
Self-proclaimed alien spacecraft expert Scott Waring was among the minority to suggest the flyby was instead a trio of UFOs.
He wrote on his ufosightingsdaily blog: “UFO reports just came in, both coming from Denver today.
“The two different eyewitnesses spotted three falling white objects in the sky.
“The objects appear to be disks. When I made a close up screenshot of the falling objects, they all look like round disks.
“Now NASA has not reported any space debris falling over Denver, nor have they reported anything falling from space this week.
“If two different reports came in about this, since each report represents about 500 people eyewitnesses.
“That means at least 1,000 people saw this maybe much more. Not everyone records what they see during a sighting.
“Its actually a very few, and even fewer will report them to UFO sites, often instead posting them to Twitter, Facebook and other social sites where they get lost and eventually forgotten.
“Absolute proof that there are aliens in the Denver mountain regions, 100 percent proof that a alien base sits below this mountain range in that area. But I have been saying that info for a decade.”
Mr Waring’s unsubstantiated claims swiftly attracted scores of comments on his YouTube page, with many of them also claims to have spotted the trio over Colorado.
YouTube user MJA wrote: “They remind me of contrails, but that would be a three-ship formation, in loose trail (kind of random) travelling together.
"It's possible. The reason they look like they are descending might be viewer's perspective.
“Whether they are aircraft, and if they are they would almost certainly be military or experimental, or they are something else entirely.”
Spectronix1 speculated: “We've now seen a number of these short contrail sightings lately (on other ufo channels, for example).
“So something is going on. Could be high flying military formation of new type of craft that leave short contrails. Perhaps its the US Space Force.
Elon Musk says Neuralink could start planting computer chips in humans brains within the yearTesla CEO Elon Musk said on Monday that Neuralink — his brain-computer-interface company — could be launching human trials by the end of 2021.
Musk gave the timeline in response to another user's request to join human trials for the product, which is designed to implant artificial intelligence into human brains as well as potentially cure neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
"Neuralink is working super hard to ensure implant safety & is in close communication with the FDA," Musk said on Twitter in response to another user's request to join human trials. "If things go well, we might be able to do initial human trials later this year."
Musk has made similar statements in the past about his project, which was launched in 2016. He said in 2019 that it would be testing on humans by the end of 2020.
There has been a recent flurry of information on the project since Musk made an appearance on the social media site, Clubhouse, and provided some additional updates on Neuralink.
Musk told Clubhouse users Sunday night that Neuralink recently used its nanotechnology to implant a chip into a monkey's brain. The wireless chip allowed the monkey to play video games using only its mind, according to Musk.
Neuralink has tested the chips on other animals. Last year, the company implanted an AI brain chip into a pig.
The chip implants can read and write brain activity. Musk claims the brain-machine interface could do anything from cure paralysis to give people telepathic powers, referring to the device as "a Fitbit in your skull."
Musk has also recently tried to recruit for the company on Twitter.
"If you've worked on advanced wearables, phones or robots, those skills are needed @neuralink," Musk tweeted on Sunday.
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Espace : une fusée nucléaire pour envoyer les astronautes sur Mars plus rapidement
par ROMAIN "NEMROD" VANDEVELDE
D’ici 2035, la NASA veut envoyer des astronautes sur Mars.Néanmoins, atteindre la planète rouge à une distance moyenne de 225 millions de kilomètres n’est pas chose aisée.
Plus froide que l’Antarctique et dépourvue d’oxygène, Mars est une planète hostile. Plus le voyage est long et plus les astronautes s’exposent aux risques des voyages spatiaux. C’est pourquoi les scientifiques s’efforcent de trouver un moyen de réduire le temps de trajet. Une compagnie basée à Seattle, Ultra Safe Nuclear Technolgies (USNC-Tech) a proposé une solution : un moteur à propulsion nucléaire thermique (NTP) qui permettrait de faire le trajet Terre – Mars en à peine 3 mois.
À l’heure actuelle, le voyage le plus court pour un vol non habité est de sept mois. Avec une équipe à bord, on estime à neuf mois le temps de trajet. Michael Eades, directeur de l’ingénierie d’USNC-Tech, déclare qu’une fusée à propulsion nucléaire est plus puissante et deux fois plus efficace qu’une propulsion chimique classique. Cela signifierait voyager plus vite et plus loin en consommant moins de carburant.
« La technologie nucléaire étendra la portée de l’humanité au-delà de l’orbite basse terrestre et dans l’espace lointain, » déclare-t-il à CNN. Cela permettrait également, toujours selon ses déclarations, d’ouvrir l’espace à des opportunités commerciales galactiques.
Aujourd’hui, les fusées sont propulsées par des moteurs chimiques. Celles-ci pourraient vous amener sur Mars, mais cela prendrait au moins trois ans pour un aller-retour selon Jeff Sheehy, ingénieur en chef de la direction des missions de technologie spatiale de la NASA.
La NASA veut voyager plus vite pour limiter le temps passé par l’équipage dans l’espace. Cela permettrait de réduire le temps d’exposition aux radiations spatiales qui peuvent causer des problèmes de santé comme le mal des rayons, risques accrus de cancer de la peau, atteinte au système nerveux central ou encore des maladies dégénératives. De plus, « plus longtemps vous êtes partis, plus grandes sont les chances que les choses tournent mal, » ajoute-t-il.
D’où le regain d’intérêt pour la propulsion nucléaire. Un système NTP utilise un réacteur nucléaire pour générer de la chaleur à partir d’uranium. Cette énergie chauffe un liquide propulsif, souvent de l’hydrogène liquide, qui se détend en gaz dans la tuyère et génère une poussée.
Une fusée équipée d’un moteur à propulsion nucléaire produira deux fois plus de poussée par unité de liquide propulseur qu’un système à réaction chimique. Cela revient à dire « le double de miles par gallon » selon Sheehy. Avec cette technologie, les astronautes pourraient faire l’aller-retour en moins de deux ans.
L’un des plus grands challenges à la réalisation de ce mode de propulsion est de trouver un carburant à base d’uranium capable de résister aux chaleurs extrêmes présentes à l’intérieur d’un réacteur nucléaire.
USNC-Tech affirme avoir résolu le problème en créant un carburant capable de fonctionner jusqu’à 2700 K ( un peu plus de 2400 °C). Le carburant contient du carbure de silicium, un matériau utilisé dans le blindage des chars et qui forme une barrière étanche aux gaz, empêchant la fuite de produits radioactifs et protégeant ainsi les astronautes.
Le projet a été présenté conjointement avec d’autres entreprises qui développent des projets similaires. Bien que Sheehy ne fera pas de commentaires sur les spécificités de chaque conception, il a déclaré que les développements montrent que le moteur nucléaire est réalisable et qu’ils constitueraient « un bon choix pour l’exploration humaine de Mars ».
Des missions plus courtes signifient moins d’expositions aux radiations spatiales, mais il reste le problème des radiations du moteur lui-même.
Cela peut être réglé par le design de la fusée en elle-même selon Eades. Le liquide propulsif, stocké entre le moteur et l’équipage, bloque déjà une grande partie des radiations, agissant comme un « excellent bouclier anti radiation », déclare-t-il.
La distance entre l’équipage et le réacteur fournit une couche de protection supplémentaire, selon Sheehy, et toutes les conceptions de NTP placent les quartiers d’habitations à l’autre extrémité de la fusée par rapport au réacteur. Pour protéger les personnes au sol, un vaisseau spatial NTP ne décollerait jamais directement de la Terre. Une fusée classique la hisserait en orbite et seulement à ce moment la fusée déclencherait sa propulsion nucléaire.
Si une catastrophe survient et que le réacteur explose, les pièces ne retomberaient pas avant plusieurs dizaines de milliers d’années sur une planète quelconque, aux dires de Sheehy. Pendant ce temps, toutes substances radioactives auraient le temps de perdre leur dangerosité.
Bien que l’objectif actuel d’UNSC-Tech soit de réaliser un voyage simple en cinq à neuf mois, la technologie nucléaire a le potentiel de réduire le temps de trajet de la Terre à Mars à seulement 90 jours, selon Eades. Ces voyages plus rapides ouvrent un tas de possibilités. UNSC-Tech développe sa technologie pour des agences gouvernementales comme la NASA et le département de la défense, mais aussi pour un marché commercial.
La compagnie déclare que ce concept pourrait donner un coup de pouce au tourisme spatial, mais aussi fournir un service rapide de logistique orbital comme le transport de satellite ou amener des appareils capables de réaliser des maintenances de satellite dans l’espace.
Sheehy est d’accord sur le fait que la propulsion NTP est la clé de l’exploration spatiale, mais met en garde sur le fait que la technologie ne pourrait être utilisable à grande échelle que d’ici une vingtaine d’années. De nombreux tests et démonstrations devront avoir lieu avant de pouvoir envoyer un équipage sur Mars dans une fusée NTP.
« Personne n’a encore piloté de propulsion nucléaire », dit-il. « Je pense qu’il va falloir voler plusieurs fois avant que quelqu’un vende des billets. »
Source :
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Strange and Mysterious Photographs: The UFO Phenomenon, Part 1
Today’s article is a bit different to most of my articles. This one is a 3-part feature that is focused on controversial photographs in relation to the UFO mystery. As to why it’s a bit different, it’s because there’s not a UFO in sight. Rather, the pictures I’m going to talk about are from very different angles. You’ll see what I mean. From 2007 to 2010 I investigated the strange story of a U.S. Government think-tank-style group nicknamed the Collins Elite (as told in my 2010 book, Final Events), a story that has its origins in 1991 (even though the group was created decades earlier). Their belief is that the UFO phenomenon has – quite literally – demonic origins, and that the extraterrestrial angle is merely an ingenious, deceptive ruse employed by Satan. The goal: to further allow his minions to get their claws into us all, and lead us down a distinctly dark pathway before Judgment Day and the final-countdown begins. As someone who holds no particular views on the nature of religion or life-after-death, I have no real opinion on the validity of the beliefs of the Collins Elite, aside from the fact that I find it fascinating that such a think-tank group actually exists. But what interests me most of all, is that a certain theme runs through much of this story that can also be found elsewhere at an official level, and it’s one I find somewhat disturbing. It’s the matter of strange and suspicious deaths and photographs.
I was put on the trail of the Collins Elite by a man named Ray Boeche. As well as being an Anglican priest, Ray is a former State-Director (for Nebraska) with the Mutual UFO Network: MUFON. In a truly fascinating interview with Ray in 2007, he told me how he had been clandestinely approached, in 1991, by two Department of Defense (DoD) physicists working on a classified program to try and contact what were described to Ray as “Non-Human Entities,” or “NHE’s.” In Ufological terms, we would call these entities the diminutive, black-eyed “Grays.” For the people on the DoD project, they may very well have begun with that view too, but ultimately they came around to the notion that this was merely a terrible ruse. Like the Collins Elite, Ray’s ufological Deep-Throat-like sources finally accepted that the entities at issue were demonic. But, there was an interesting – and disturbing – further aspect to this revelation: there were those on the project that believed engaging the NHE’s in some form of “Faustian pact,” as a means to understand and harness their extraordinary and potentially-lethal powers, could actually aid in the development of occult-based weapons of war, such as the ability to provoke psychic-assassinations.
Ray told me the following: “I had no way of knowing before our face-to-face meeting if there was any legitimacy to this at all. I wasn’t given any information at all before our meeting, just the indication that they were involved in areas of research I would find interesting, and that they had some concerns they wished to discuss with me. Both men were physicists. I’d guess they were probably in their early-to-mid fifties, and they were in a real moral dilemma. Both of them were Christians, and were working on a Department of Defense project that involved trying to contact the NHEs. In fact, this was described to me as an “obsessive effort.’ And part of this effort was to try and control the NHEs and use their powers in military weapons applications and in intelligence areas.
Ray continued: “Most of it was related to psychotronic weaponry and remote viewing, and even deaths by what were supposed to be psychic methods. The project personnel were allowed to assume they had somehow technologically mastered the ability to do what the NHEs could do: remote-viewing and psychotronics. But, in actuality, it was these entities doing it all the time, or allowing it to happen, for purposes that suited their deception. With both psychotronic weapons and remote-viewing, I was told that the DoD had not really mastered a technology to do that at all; they were allowed by the NHEs to think that this is what they had done. But the NHEs were always the causal factor.”
Now, we get to the matter of those mysterious and highly controversial photographs. Here are Ray’s words on this particularly strange and sinister issue. Of what Ray saw himself, he said: “They showed me a dozen photos of three different people – four photos of each person, who had apparently been killed by these experiments [italics mine]. These were all postmortem photographs, taken in-situ, after the experiments. The areas shown in all of the photographs were like a dentist’s chair or a barber’s chairs, and the bodies were still in those positions, sitting in the chairs. Still there, with EEG and EKG leads coming off of them. They were all wired. It was a very clinical setting, and there was no indication of who they were. It was a very disturbing sort of thing. And I’m thinking in the back of my mind: if these are real, who would they have gotten for these experiments? Were they volunteers? Were they some sort of prisoners? I have no idea. Were they American? Were they foreign? There was no way to tell.”
Over the years, I’ve tried to find those elusive photos, but with no luck. I’m still trying, though.
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The Mysterious “Trees” of the Red Planet
“I’m now convinced that Mars is inhabited by a race of demented landscape gardeners.” Those were the words that the late sci-fi writer, Arthur C. Clarke, made in 2001. They were largely made in jest, but they served to make an important and astonishing point: Clarke came to believe that evidence had been found strongly suggesting that there was vegetation on the Red Planet. He even suggested – tentatively, admittedly – that Mars just might be teeming with trees, bushes and plants. And if there was vegetation, then there just might be other kinds of life on Mars, too. Possibly even intelligent life. And what was it that led Clarke to come to such a controversial conclusion? Nothing less than NASA’s very own priceless photos of Mars’ surface, that’s what. But, let’s not get too far ahead of ourselves. How did such a controversy begin?
For Arthur C. Clarke, matters began in his teenage years. That’s when he developed a fascination – which lasted throughout his life – for the mysteries of outer space. Such was the level of that fascination, Clarke became a member of the British Interplanetary Society (BIS) before he was twenty. During the Second World War, Clarke worked in the field of radar in the British Royal Air Force, honing his interest in science and technology. With the war finally over in 1945, and as a result of his growing enthusiasm for worlds beyond ours, Clarke accepted the position of chairman of the BIS. He oversaw it for two years. Clarke then took a break, coming back to run the organization from 1951 to 1953.
Floating above the red planet.
Clarke became not only a well-respected figure as an inventor, a writer, and an explorer: he was also someone who had an overriding passion for science-fiction. It was in this field, particularly, that Clarke absolutely thrived. For example, there was his short story, “The Sentinel,” which was written in 1948 and published three years later. It served as the direct innovation for Stanley Kubrick’s classic 1968 movie, 2001: A Space Odyssey. In 2015, the SyFy Channel broadcast a three-hours-long series based on Clarke’s 1953 novel, Childhood’s End. Clarke also turned his talents to television, presenting – in the 1980s – Arthur C. Clarke’s Mysterious World; Arthur C. Clarke’s World of Strange Powers; and Arthur C. Clarke’s Mysterious Universe. He died on March 19, 2008. All of which brings us back to that controversial statement of the “demented” kind. It would never have been uttered had it not been for certain, spectacular photos that came back from NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor.
As NASA noted in 1997: “Launched November 7, 1996, Mars Global Surveyor became the first successful mission to the red planet in two decades. After a year and a half spent trimming its orbit from a looping ellipse to a circular track around the planet, the spacecraft began its prime mapping mission in March 1999. It has continued to observe the planet from a low-altitude, nearly polar orbit ever since.” Not only that, NASA added that Mars has “very repeatable weather patterns” and that a “panoply of high-resolution images from the Mars Global Surveyor has documented gullies and debris flows suggesting that occasional sources of liquid water, similar to an aquifer, were once present at or near the surface of the planet.”
That same panoply revealed something else; something amazing, if the data was not being misinterpreted. Tucked away among a wealth of less controversial images from the Mars Global Surveyor were a number of astounding images that appeared to show nothing less than vast areas of vegetation; trees, even. They looked eerily like what on Earth are termed Banyan Trees. They are, essentially, trees that grow and thrive by living on other trees. It wasn’t long before the media – and Arthur C. Clarke – caught wind of these extraordinary photographs and what they seemed to show. He wasted no time at all in giving his opinion on this new development on Mars. Clarke made no bones about it when he said that the collective images were “so striking that there is no need to say anything about it.” Clarke was also excited by the fact that Mars’ very own Banyan Trees appeared to alter in appearance, according to the seasons on Mars. On this particular point, Clarke could not forget NASA’s words that Mars had “very repeatable weather patterns” when he said, “Something is actually moving and changing with the seasons.”
Candy Hansen, a key figure on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter program, said, in forthright fashion: “To date, there is no firm evidence of any type of Martian biology, past or present, plant or otherwise. In the Martian spring, the sun warms the ice, causing it to sublimate directly into vapor, and the resulting gas dislodges surrounding dust and sand particles. What we think is happening is that the dark sand is sliding down the bright frosted portion of the dune.”
The debate of the Mars’ “trees” still goes on.
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Forensic geologist Scott Wolter is the host of Travel Channel’s hit show American Unearthed,™ which follows him on his quest to uncover the truth behind historic artifacts and sites found throughout North America and around the world. Scott is also the author of several books, including The Kensington Rune Stone: Compelling New Evidence, The Hooked X: Key to the Secret History of North America, and his new book, Cryptic Code of the Templars in America: Origins of the Hooked X. Scott has been president of American Petrographic Services, Inc., since 1990 and has been the principle petrographer in more than 10,000 investigations throughout the world, including the evaluation of fire-damaged concrete at the Pentagon.
Akhenaten to the Founding Fathers: Mysteries of the Hooked X (2013) The Lake Superior Agate: Fourth Edition (2008/2011) The Hooked X: Key to the Secret History of North America (2009) The Lake Superior Agate: Fourth Edition (2008) The Kensington Rune Stone: Compelling New Evidence (2005) The Lake Superior Agate: One Man’s Journey (2001) The Lake Superior Agate: Third Edition (1997) Ettringite: Cancer of Concrete (1997) The Lake Superior Agate: Second Edition (1994) The Lake Superior Agate (1986)
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