Aliens in Alaska – Nightmare Below Zero S01E05

Ancient Aliens – Nightmare Below Zero

Season 1, Episode 5

26th April 2021, Discovery+

A man finds a mysterious implant in his leg after a nighttime snowmobile ride. Four friends witness the same eerie light show miles away from each other. An otherworldly beast stalks a family for three generations. A woman hears an unholy chorus.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

SpaceX's Endeavor capsule appears like a shooting star or 'donut UFO' over Louisiana and Alabama during the return trip to Earth that brought four astronauts home from the ISS

• SpaceX's Endeavor capsule brought four astronauts home last night

• The craft was spotted streaking across the night Monday evening 

• Reports of light show came from Alabama and Louisiana

• The capsule was traveling at least 17,000mph at the time 

By STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A bright light streaked across the sky over parts of the southern U.S. on Monday evening that had some bystanders questioning if they saw a UFO.

Instead, it was the SpaceX return capsule.

The cosmic light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Florida.

Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm ET, bring the, Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station.

The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule.  

Sightings of the SpaceX capsule were reported in Louisiana, Alabama and several other states along the gulf.

Scroll down for video 

The light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida

Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama, urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spotted a streak of light in the night sky.

Twitter user Christopher of Mandeville, Louisiana shared a great image of the event on Twitter.  

‘Holy cr** that was awesome,’ he included with the tweet.

The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it fell towards the ocean. 

It eventually slowed down and released parachutes to help stop it from crashing.

At 10:38pm ET on Monday, the green light was given for the rescue crews to approach the capsule that had just landed in the Gulf of Mexico.

'We were on the helipad watching the crew members streak through the atmosphere, and it looked like a meteor - it was truly incredible,' said Leah Cheshier, a NASA spokesman.

'We couldn't ask for better conditions and things are moving really smoothly here and happening as planned.'

At 11:14pm ET, the side hatch was opened, and the crew disembarked. 

Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm, bring the Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station

The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule

McArthur, the captain, was the first to leave, at 11:26pm ET.

She was followed by Commander Kimbrough, beaming as he was carried out of the capsule and put on the stretcher to be wheeled away. He waved for the cameras and made a V for Victory sign.

All four were out of the capsule by 11:33pm, with smiles and fist-bumps all round.

Their return was initially set for Sunday afternoon, but high winds delayed the trip by a day.

Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spot a streak of light in the night sky

Another sighting was reported over Gulf Shores, Alabama. The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it free-falls toward the ocean, all the while slowing its speed before releasing parachutes to help stop it from crashing before splashing down

The SpaceX capsule, named Endeavour, was without a bathroom, due to a faulty toilet design, forcing the crew to wear diapers for the trip back to Earth.

However, the rescheduled mission cut the trip from space by 12 hours - it was only eight hours long instead of the expected 20 hours - due to the path from the ship to Earth, so the team did not have to sport the protective undergarments for as long as previously expected.

The Endeavour capsule is not the first SpaceX craft to spark UFO reports upon returning to Earth.

In September, SpaceX's Cargo Dragon C208-2 was spotted streaking through the night sky over parts of Georgia and Florida.

The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30.

In September, Cargo Dragon C208-2 was spotted streaking through the night sky over parts of Georgia and Florida

The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30

SpaceX tweeted that the capsule may be visible in parts of Georgia and Florida – and the firm was correct.

Many residents shared the event on Twitter, showing images of the glowing craft with a long, illuminated tail as it soared over highways and neighborhoods.

Local news stations in Florida received numerous reports of a loud boom on Thursday night, which was heard by residents in the Jacksonville area and all the way down to St. Augustine.

Residents said the loud boom rattled dishes and windows, along with entire homes.

The loud noise was a sonic boom released from the capsule, Newsweek reports.

According to NASA, a sonic boom is the thunder-like noise that someone on the ground hears when an aircraft or spacecraft overhead flies faster than the speed of sound.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Bizarre Doughnut UFO Spotted Over Switzerland Could be Mistaken for SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour Capsule

H/t: Live Science

A photographer from Zurich, Switzerland captured a bizarre sight in the night sky on Monday, November 8th, and it resembles a doughnut. This unidentified flying object could have been mistaken for the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour capsule, which returned from a 200-day trip to the International Space Station, but only spectators in Alabama, Louisiana, and other Gulf states were able to get clear views of the capsule. 

Read more for another picture and a screenshot of the now deleted Tweet

Since the doughnut UFO can be ruled out as a SpaceX capsule, amateur satellite tracker Marco Langbroek said that there is a possibility of it being just a distant star. Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Massachusetts, claims the object could also be an upper stage of a rocket burning up.

Any passes [of Endeavour] over Switzerland prior to landing that night would have been completely in Earth’s shadow, i.e. it would not be illuminated by the sun and hence not visible. Reentry itself was over Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, and would not have been visible from Switzerland. The deorbit burn, prior to reentry, was over the Indian Ocean, so also not visible from Switzerland,” said Marco Langbroek, an academic researcher at Leiden University in the Netherlands, to LiveScience.

{ https://www.techeblog.com/ }

NASA astronaut 'told to hide' in Russian spacecraft as ISS facing 'concerning' threat

A NASA astronaut has been "told to hide" inside a Russian spacecraft as the International Space Station (ISS) is facing the threat of being struck by space debris.

Tread lightly! Bizarre 'eggshell planets' with an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography may exist around other stars, study finds

• 'Rare' exoplanets have brittle outer layers only a few miles thick, scientists claim

• Their surface could resemble the lowlands on Venus, with vast expanses of lavas 

• They're likely larger and younger than other planets with thicker outer layers

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

'Eggshell planets' with an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography may orbit around other stars in the universe, a new study reveals. 

Researchers say at least three of these unusual eggshell 'exoplanets' – planets outside our solar system – may already be known, but even more could exist.  

Such rare worlds likely have an outer layer only a few miles thick, are unlikely to have plate tectonics, and may or may not be habitable. 

They're also likely larger and younger than other exoplanets with much thicker outer layers, with which they potentially share the same solar system.  

The surface of eggshell planets could resemble the lowlands on Venus, with vast expanses of lavas, searingly hot surface temperatures and hardly any high terrain.  

'Eggshell planets’ are rocky worlds that have an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography. Pictured is an artist’s rendering of such an exoplanet

Strange planets with outer layers like eggshells are among the rich variety of exoplanets possible, according to the study 

The new study was led by Paul Byrne, a planetary geologist at Washington University in St. Louis.

Byrne and his international team of collaborators wanted to see which cosmic factors play the most important role in determining the thickness of a planet's outer brittle layer, known as the lithosphere.

This thickness helps determine whether, for example, a planet can support high topography such as mountains, or has the right balance between rigidity and flexibility for one part to subduct beneath another – the hallmark of plate tectonics. 

On Earth, this process helps our planet regulate its temperature over geological timescales, and is the reason why plate tectonics is thought to be a key factor for whether a planet is habitable or not.

'Understanding whether you've got the possibility of plate tectonics is a really important thing to know about a world, because plate tectonics may be required for a large rocky planet to be habitable,' Professor Byrne said. 

'It's therefore especially important when we're talking about looking for Earth-like worlds around other stars and when we're characterising planetary habitability generally.'

So far, astronomers have discovered more than 4,000 of exoplanets confirmed to be orbiting other stars in our galaxy.

However, it's difficult to know what exactly exoplanets are made of, or whether any resemble Earth. 

The thickness of the lithosphere – the outermost shell of a planet – plays a key role in geological processes that determine their characteristics, the team say.  

The surface of eggshell planets could resemble the lowlands on Venus (pictured here in a false-colour radar image mosaic). The brighter, fine peach lines are tectonic structures and the darker, purple areas are relatively smooth volcanic plains. Some small volcanoes appear near the bottom centre. This image was made with radar data returned by NASA’s Magellan mission, which operated between 1990 and 1994, and shows an area about 1,400 km (870 miles) across

To understand how planetary and stellar factors influence a lithosphere's thickness generally, the team modelled multiple combinations of planetary mass, surface and mantle temperature, energy flow and more. 

For their modelling effort, the scientists chose a generic 'kind of Earth sized' rocky planet as a starting point.  

'And then we spun the dials,' Byrne said. 'We literally ran thousands of models.' 

According to the results, surface temperature is the dominant factor governing the thickness of the brittle layer although planetary mass, distance to its star and even a planet's age all play a role.

Smaller and older planets generally have thick brittle lithospheres, akin to those of Mercury and Mars, whereas larger, younger planets have thinner brittle lithospheres that may be comparable to the Venus lowlands. 

However, it's possible that certain combinations of these parameters also yield worlds with 'exceedingly thin brittle layers', the team say. 

Researchers are a long way from directly imaging the surfaces of these eggshell planets and so don't know what they look like, apart from speculating that they're similar to that of Venus. 

'We have imaged a few exoplanets, but they are splotches of light orbiting a star,' Byrne said. 'We have no technical ability to actually see the surface of exoplanets yet. 

The scientists could use planned and future space telescopes to examine exoplanets in greater detail and confirm their geological characteristics. 

So far, astronomers have discovered more than 4,000 of exoplanets confirmed to be orbiting other stars in our galaxy. Pictured is an artist's rendering of an exoplanet and its moon 

'We know from published work that there are exoplanets that experience conditions in a more extreme way than what we see in our solar system,' Byrne said. 

'They might be closer to their star, or they might be much larger, or have hotter surfaces, than the planets we see in our own system.'

'Ultimately we want to help contribute to identifying the properties that make a world habitable.

'And not just temporarily, but habitable for a long time, because we think life probably needs a while to get going and become sustainable.' 

The study has been published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 

Scientists study the atmosphere of distant exoplanets using enormous space satellites like Hubble

Distant stars and their orbiting planets often have conditions unlike anything we see in our atmosphere. 

To understand these new world's, and what they are made of, scientists need to be able to detect what their atmospheres consist of.  

They often do this by using a telescope similar to Nasa's Hubble Telescope.

These enormous satellites scan the sky and lock on to exoplanets that Nasa think may be of interest. 

Here, the sensors on board perform different forms of analysis. 

One of the most important and useful is called absorption spectroscopy. 

This form of analysis measures the light that is coming out of a planet's atmosphere. 

Every gas absorbs a slightly different wavelength of light, and when this happens a black line appears on a complete spectrum. 

These lines correspond to a very specific molecule, which indicates it's presence on the planet. 

They are often called Fraunhofer lines after the German astronomer and physicist that first discovered them in 1814.

By combining all the different wavelengths of lights, scientists can determine all the chemicals that make up the atmosphere of a planet. 

The key is that what is missing, provides the clues to find out what is present.  

It is vitally important that this is done by space telescopes, as the atmosphere of Earth would then interfere. 

Absorption from chemicals in our atmosphere would skew the sample, which is why it is important to study the light before it has had chance to reach Earth. 

This is often used to look for helium, sodium and even oxygen in alien atmospheres.  

This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

As telescopes get stronger and detection techniques get more sophisticated, especially with the assistance of artificial intelligence, astronomers are finding more exoplanets every day – including the first to be seen orbiting a star in another galaxy. However, contrary to other fields, it seems the more exoplanets we find, the less we know about them. Astronomers assumed other stars would have planets like those in our own solar system – especially the rocky ones with thick outer layers. Instead, a new study shows that many should be called “eggshell” exoplanets because their outer layers are so thin and brittle. Will future astronauts need to practice walking on eggshells?

“Understanding whether you’ve got the possibility of plate tectonics is a really important thing to know about a world, because plate tectonics may be required for a large rocky planet to be habitable. It’s therefore especially important when we’re talking about looking for Earth-like worlds around other stars and when we’re characterizing planetary habitability generally.”

Botched landing on an eggshell planet?

Planetary geologist Paul Byrne, an associate professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, is the first author of the study, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, led the development of the model used to prove the existence of these so-called “eggshell” planets. As he explains in the press release, Byrne and his collaborators focused on the outer layer – called the lithosphere – of exoplanets to determine their topography (do they have mountains?), thickness (can they be excavated?), temperature (are they habitable) and other features not visible to telescopes.

“This thickness helps determine whether, for example, a planet can support high topography such as mountains, or has the right balance between rigidity and flexibility for one part of the surface to dive down, or subduct, beneath another — the hallmark of plate tectonics. It is this process that helps Earth regulate its temperature over geological timescales, and the reason why plate tectonics is thought to be an important component of planetary habitability. By adjusting an exoplanet’s size, distance from its star, age and other factors, the researchers found that extremes created unusual planets … including three predicted to have eggshell-like lithospheres.”

They discovered the biggest factor in creating eggshells is surface temperature. (Isn’t that the same with chicken eggs?) Manipulating size, age and distance from their star had less effect in creating these brittle eggshell layers which Byrne says may be only a few kilometers thick. The only planet in our solar system with a similar topography is Venus, although it may not be eggshell thin across its entire surface.

Eggshell planets solar system model?

“Ultimately we want to help contribute to identifying the properties that make a world habitable. And not just temporarily, but habitable for a long time, because we think life probably needs a while to get going and become sustainable.”

Are eggshell planets habitable? Byrne isn’t sure – his goal is to figure out how Earth formed and then search for stars and exoplanets with similar circumstances or histories.

Is he looking for a new place to live? Does he knows something we don’t? Now WE’RE walking on eggshells.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

With the latest and unequivocally best movie version of “Dune” in the theaters, most reviews make note that novelist Frenk Herbert was a fan of psilocybin ‘magic’ mushrooms and may have been inspired by the psychedelic ‘shrooms when he came up with the idea for mélange or ‘spice’ – the key reason for the fight over the planet Arrakis. Interest in real space travel has been stimulated by the progress of private space companies and the desire of SpaceX founder Elon Musk and NASA to travel to Mars and eventually colonize Mars, progress has been severely restricted by the challenge of protecting astronauts from cosmic radiation. While the mushrooms used may not be ‘magic’, researchers recently discovered a fungus that not only thrives in high cosmic radiation in space but feeds on it and could be used to grow radiation shields in space. Magic or science?

Future Mars base?

“Certain fungi thrive in high-radiation environments on Earth, such as the contamination radius of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Analogous to photosynthesis, these organisms appear to perform radiosynthesis, utilizing ionizing radiation to generate chemical energy. It has been postulated that the absorption of radiation is attributable to the pigment melanin. It is further hypothesized that this phenomenon translates to radiation-shielding properties.”

Cladosporium sphaerospermum, a radiotrophic fungus, could act as a radiation shield on deep space missions.

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons, Medmyco.

Something good has finally come from the Chernobyl disaster – a study published in the preprint journal bioRxiv announces the discovery that Cladosporium sphaerospermum, found thriving in the contamination zone, also enjoy space radiation. A shipment of them was sent to the International Space Station in 2019 where they spent 30 days next to a control bed with no fungus. When returned to Earth, it was found that the radiation levels underneath the fungus were 2.17% lower than the control bed. Even more exciting, the fungi grew 21% faster than on Earth. In other words, when it comes to cosmic radiation … they like it! Are Cladosporium sphaerospermum the ‘spice’ of real space travel?

“To increase density and thus the LAC, fungal biomass or melanin itself could be integrated with in-situ resources that are abundant at destination, such as regolith. In a case study we estimated that a ~ 2.3 m layer of melanized fungal biomass (8.6% [wmelanin/wCWW] melanin-content) would be needed to lower Martian radiation levels to those on Earth (from 234 mSv/a to 6.2 mSv/a, whereas an equimolar composite of melanin and Martian regolith would only require a layer of ~ 1 m for the same reduction of radiation.”

In simple terms, the thicker the fungus, the better the radiation protection. To grow a suitable radiation shield (LAC is linear attenuation coefficient — a measure for the fungus’ capacity to shield against ionizing radiation) on the surface of Mars to protect astronauts underneath it would require a layer 2.3 meters (7.5 feet) thick. For comparison, the same protection could be achieved by building structures under 3 meters of regolith (Martian surface dirt and rocks). The benefits to growing a renewable shield on the surface versus living underground are obvious – the problem is that the fungi shield hasn’t been tested yet.

Future Martians?

The study researchers, led by Graham K. Shunk of the Physics Department at the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, tip their hats to nature for providing what may be an excellent and elegant solution to the problem of space travel radiation.

“Often nature has already developed surprisingly effective solutions to engineering and design problems faced as humankind evolves – biotechnology could thus prove to be an invaluable asset for life support and protection of explorers on future missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond.”

Cladosporium sphaerospermum may not be ‘spice’ but it could be just as beneficial to space travel … and it’s right here on Earth. However, leaving Earth means leaving one of our best sources of innovation — nature — behind. Would we be better off staying here?

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Green Meteor Seen Over Entire US East Coast, Timed With Space X Launch!! 

Green Meteor Seen Over Entire US East Coast, Timed With Space X Launch!!  This Is Huge And I’m Going To Tell You What This Means, And You Must Listen With Your Full Attention!!

Green meteor seen over 13 states… and get this… TIMED WITH SPACE X LAUNCH!

Now follow along and slow down and reread if you lose the enormity of what is taking place.  Green meteors are Ashtar Command spacecraft “pretending” to be meteors and fireballs. 3.  Green meteors are sent to send a message to the earthlings below that particular area, to pay attention… something is going to happen. 4. A green meteor seen over the entire east coast is extraordinary, and that it was timed for Space X launch for extra exposure, is sending an even louder message… watch out east coast. 5. You’ve heard of the La Palma volcano in Canary Islands? It’s been a known scenario for quite some time, that if it fractures and part of it falls into the ocean, it would set off a chain reaction. They are trying to set this off right now… earthquakes forming in grid pattern… this is simply unheard of… 

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Unknown Things Happening Underground - Top U.S. Spy Breaks Silence On Alien Phenomenon! Giant UFO Passes Moon..

Unknown Things Happening Underground – Top U.S. Spy Breaks Silence On Alien Phenomenon! Giant UFO Passes Moon..

From it’s humble beginnings as a mere idea, to the establishment of the channel you see today – Secureteam has become the information source to which millions of answer-seeking individuals have come. Secureteam is the #1 channel for breaking reports on the many mysteries of our universe, so stay tuned and prepare to discover the truth, one puzzle piece at a time!

Much more to come. Stay tuned for more at BIN news. Thanks for stopping by and keep up to date with more important news! 

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

A Black Hole has been Found Lurking Just Outside the Milky Way

Astronomers have found a smaller, stellar-mass black hole lurking in a nearby satellite galaxy of our own Milky Way.  The black hole has been hiding in a star cluster named NGC 1850, which is one of the brightest star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The black hole is 160,000 light-years away from Earth, and is estimated to be about 11 times the mass of our Sun.

Using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile, astronomers found the black hole when they noticed a star with a peculiar motion among the star cluster, where other stars weren’t behaving the same way. Further investigation revealed the gravitational influence came from a stellar mass black hole.

This is the first time astronomers have used this detection method to reveal the presence of a black hole outside of our galaxy. Astronomers say this method could be helpful in locating other hidden black holes in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, and it can also help shed light on how these mysterious objects form and evolve.

Usually, black holes can be detected by the X-ray glow they emitted as they swallow matter, or from the gravitational waves generated as black holes collide with one another or with neutron stars.

But most smaller stellar-mass black holes don’t give away their presence through X-rays or gravitational waves.

“The vast majority can only be unveiled dynamically,” says Stefan Dreizler, one of the team members who contributed to the new paper, published in the Monthly Noticed of the Royal Astronomical Society. “When they form a system with a star, they will affect its motion in a subtle but detectable way, so we can find them with sophisticated instruments.”

The team said they have been acting as detectives, trying to track down a criminal gang from their missteps.

“We are looking at every single star in this cluster with a magnifying glass in one hand trying to find some evidence for the presence of black holes but without seeing them directly,” said Sara Saracino from the Astrophysics Research Institute of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, who led the research. “The result shown here represents just one of the wanted criminals, but when you have found one, you are well on your way to discovering many others, in different clusters.”

NGC 1850 is an unusual double star cluster that lies in the bar of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a neighbor galaxy of our own Milky Way.  NGC 1850 is the second brightest star cluster in the LMC, and contains thousands of stars.

A specialized instrument on the VLT, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) allowed the researchers to observe the very crowded star cluster and analyze the light of every single star in the vicinity.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Three UFOs Caught On Door Cam Over England, Oct 23, 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: October 23, 2021

Location of sighting: St Albans, England

 

A person in England was watching TV when a his phone alerted him to a movement recorded by his door cam. Three glowing objects flew past his home, but when he asked his flight experienced father about it, the father said no flights were there at that time. Which means its highly likely its UFOs. The craft are flying in triangle formation, but then at the end of the video, they turn and line up one by one. Fantastic catch, and 100% proof that UFOs fly low over England and night. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFO Uncloaks Over Mount Fuji, Japan On Live Cam! Nov 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: November 11, 2021
Location of sighting: Mount Fuji, Japan

 

This UFO was caught on live cam approving suddenly out of thin air. Clearly it uncloaked slowly trying to appear as a cloud, but there is nothing cloud like about this at all. The UFO has six sides and a glowing square bottom area. The glowing square may be a window area, or it could be the propulsion system. Its not unusual to see UFOs around volcanos. I have been recording them on live cams for over two decades. Its nice to see others finally using the same tools. Live cams allow a UFO researcher to be everywhere at once. This way you can explore dozens of volcanos daily to see if you can catch something. Thousands of years ago, aliens decided to make bases in inaccessible locations to keep humans from stumbling upon them. 

 

This UFO is nearly half a mile across! Absolutely fantastic catch! Is undeniable proof that aliens are already here. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFO Fleet Passes Orion Nebula, Nov 15, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Nov 15, 2021
Location of sighting: Orion Nebula
Source: MUFON 

 

Here is a great catch of a UFO fleet passing the Orion Nebula this week. An astronomer recorded something that really stumped him. A fleet of objects, having no flashing lights, no flashes, no tails was recorded. The objects were much closer to us than the nebula, and I was really hoping that one would make a right turn, which would solidify that conclusion of it being an intelligently controlled object. However we have something similar...one of the crafts is taking mini near-light-speed jumps. This make this one UFO appear longer than the rest. No meteor, bird, weather ballon or plane could ever do that. So we do have the evidence to say...this is 100% proof of UFOs exist. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

On November 14, 2021 a sky-watcher was taking images of the Orion Nebula including NGC-1977 (the Running Man Nebula), using a Mallincam 26ctec camera attached to a C-14 Edge HD telescope (14 inch diameter lens) at f/1.8 focal ratio when two formations of UFOs and a possible cigar shaped alien mothership flying across the Orion Nebula. 

Additional photographs taken in recent years show several other huge UFOs (usually cigar-shaped) passing through the Orion Nebula M42 The recording of the fleet of UFOs, including the additional images, is proof that these huge alien ships do exist! 

source: www.mufon.com

  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Amazing triangle UFO sighting in St. Albans, UK 23-Oct-2021

This amazing triangle-shaped UFO formation was filmed in the sky above St. Albans in UK with a security camera on 21rd October 2021 at 7:55pm.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Carbon Dioxide Fertilization Greening Earth, Study Finds

From a quarter to half of Earth’s vegetated lands has shown significant greening over the last 35 years largely due to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Climate Change on April 25.

An international team of 32 authors from 24 institutions in eight countries led the effort, which involved using satellite data from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer instruments to help determine the leaf area index, or amount of leaf cover, over the planet’s vegetated regions. The greening represents an increase in leaves on plants and trees equivalent in area to two times the continental United States.

This image shows the change in leaf area across the globe from 1982-2015.
Credits: Boston University/R. Myneni

Green leaves use energy from sunlight through photosynthesis to chemically combine carbon dioxide drawn in from the air with water and nutrients tapped from the ground to produce sugars, which are the main source of food, fiber and fuel for life on Earth. Studies have shown that increased concentrations of carbon dioxide increase photosynthesis, spurring plant growth.

However, carbon dioxide fertilization isn’t the only cause of increased plant growth—nitrogen, land cover change and climate change by way of global temperature, precipitation and sunlight changes all contribute to the greening effect. To determine the extent of carbon dioxide’s contribution, researchers ran the data for carbon dioxide and each of the other variables in isolation through several computer models that mimic the plant growth observed in the satellite data.

Results showed that carbon dioxide fertilization explains 70 percent of the greening effect, said co-author Ranga Myneni, a professor in the Department of Earth and Environment at Boston University. “The second most important driver is nitrogen, at 9 percent. So we see what an outsized role CO₂ plays in this process.”

About 85 percent of Earth’s ice-free lands is covered by vegetation. The area covered by all the green leaves on Earth is equal to, on average, 32 percent of Earth’s total surface area – oceans, lands and permanent ice sheets combined. The extent of the greening over the past 35 years “has the ability to fundamentally change the cycling of water and carbon in the climate system,” said lead author Zaichun Zhu, a researcher from Peking University, China, who did the first half of this study with Myneni as a visiting scholar at Boston University.

Every year, about half of the 10 billion tons of carbon emitted into the atmosphere from human activities remains temporarily stored, in about equal parts, in the oceans and plants. “While our study did not address the connection between greening and carbon storage in plants, other studies have reported an increasing carbon sink on land since the 1980s, which is entirely consistent with the idea of a greening Earth,” said co-author Shilong Piao of the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences at Peking University.

While rising carbon dioxide concentrations in the air can be beneficial for plants, it is also the chief culprit of climate change. The gas, which traps heat in Earth’s atmosphere, has been increasing since the industrial age due to the burning of oil, gas, coal and wood for energy and is continuing to reach concentrations not seen in at least 500,000 years. The impacts of climate change include global warming, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and sea ice as well as more severe weather events.

The beneficial impacts of carbon dioxide on plants may also be limited, said co-author Dr. Philippe Ciais, associate director of the Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences, Gif-suv-Yvette, France. “Studies have shown that plants acclimatize, or adjust, to rising carbon dioxide concentration and the fertilization effect diminishes over time.”

“While the detection of greening is based on data, the attribution to various drivers is based on models,” said co-author Josep Canadell of the Oceans and Atmosphere Division in the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Canberra, Australia. Canadell added that while the models represent the best possible simulation of Earth system components, they are continually being improved.

Read the paper at Nature Climate Change.

• www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate3004.html

For more information about NASA’s Earth science activities, visit:

• www.nasa.gov/earthrightnow

Source 

• www.nasa.gov

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Nearby star HD 3167 has planets orbiting at right angles

Artwork showing the rotation of the star WASP-79 (left to right) and the orbital plane and motion of the planet WASP-79b, which nearly goes over the poles of the star. 

Photo: Credit: Brett Addison (modified from ESO/L. Calçada)

One of the most obvious things about our solar system is that all the big planets orbit the Sun in very nearly the same plane. If you looked at the solar system “from the side” it would look very nearly flat.

This is a consequence of how our planets formed. Billions of years ago, a cloud of gas and dust started to collapse. Any rotation in that material would get amplified as it shrank (think of an ice skater spinning more rapidly when they bring their arms in), and (due to centrifugal force) any stuff in the plane of that rotation has a harder time falling to the center than stuff near the poles. You wind up with a huge disk of gas and dust billions of kilometers across, with the forming Sun in the center and the planets all orbiting in the plane of the disk. Not only that, because of all this the star rotates in the same direction the planets go around, and the orbits of the planets align with the star's equator (we say they’re coplanar).

That’s true for other solar systems as well. We see these disks everywhere stars and planetary systems are forming, and it’s a decent bet that planets will all align to that disk. 

… but it’s not always the case. And it’s really super not the case for the nearby star HD 3167. We know of three planets orbiting it, and two of them actually orbit perpendicular to the other one!

HD 3167 is a K star, just a slightly bit smaller, cooler, and dimmer than the Sun, located about 150 light years from us. In 2016 two planets were announced orbiting the star, found using that transit method. 

The inner one, called HD 3167b, is a super-Earth, about 1.7 times the diameter of our homeworld and five times its mass. It’s on an orbit very close to the star, taking just 0.96 days to go around once. It’s surface temperature is likely around 1500°C (2,700°F) so Earth-like it very much ain’t.

The outer one, called HD 3167c, is a mini-Neptune, about 3 times wider than Earth and 10 times its mass. It takes about a month to orbit the star once, and while it’s farther out it’s still close enough to the star to have a temperature hot enough to boil water.

Artwork depicting a system of planets around a red dwarf star.

Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser/N. Risinger (skysurvey.org)

Photo: ESO/M. Kornmesser/N. Risinger (skysurvey.org)

Not long after, it became clear there must be a third planet in the system (discovered by my friend Jessie Christiansen!). It doesn’t transit the star, but planets have gravity, and as they orbit the star they tug on it. This makes the star do a little reflex circle as the planets swings around in its orbit, and while the orbit is too small to see directly, the velocity of the star as it moves around is measurable as a Doppler shift. This planet is called HD 3167d and it orbits in between the other two, circling the star once every 8.5 days (note that the planets are named in order of discovery, not distance from the star, so the order here out from the star is b, d, c).

The discovery paper shows that the orbit of planet d is weird, and it didn’t take long to show this whole system is weird: While planet b orbits around the star over its equator and in the same direction the star spins, planet c is very nearly in a polar orbit, perpendicular to it. Not only that, but so is planet d! 

That’s truly bizarre. To understand this better, a new paper has come out analyzing the system very carefully. They use a refined technique to confirm that planets c and d are in polar orbits, with tilts pretty close to one another (the angle between the two orbits is between 2 and 21°). 

How did they do this? Using a technique called the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect.

Artwork showing the rotation of the star WASP-79 (left to right) and the orbital plane and motion of the planet WASP-79b, which nearly goes over the poles of the star. 

Photo: Credit: Brett Addison (modified from ESO/L. Calçada)

Imagine you’re looking at a star over its equator, so the north pole of the star is at the top and the south pole at the bottom. It’s spinning left to right. That means the left side of the star is rotating toward you, and the right side rotating away from you. This induces a Doppler effect in the star’s light; light coming from the left side has a very slightly shorter wavelength (we call this blueshift) and the right hand side has a very slightly longer wavelength (redshift). A spectrograph can break the star’s light up into thousands of individual wavelengths (colors), and what it sees in a case like this is the wavelengths are slightly smeared out, since it sees the whole star’s motion all at once.

Now say a planet transits the star, and it orbits in the same direction as the star spins (left to right). It first blocks a little bit of the star on the left, then moves to the star’s center, then blocks the light to the right. If you take spectra during the transit, you’ll see some of the blueshifted light from the star dim first, and the redshifted light dim later. That tells you the planet orbits the star prograde, in the same direction it spins. 

In some cases we see the opposite: The redshifted light dims first, then the blueshifted light. That means the planet orbits retrograde, backwards. 

If the planet is orbiting tilted with respect to the star’s equator you get a variation on this, with slightly different blueshifted and redshifted light dimming at different times. It’s incredibly difficult and exacting work, but it’s possible to get the orbital tilts of the planets this way.

A satellite or planet orbiting over a planet or star’s equator is said to have an equatorial orbit (and further, if it orbits in the same direction as the primary object’s spin it’s said to be prograde, and retrograde if backwards). A polar orbit is perpendicular to that, orbiting over the primary object’s poles. 

Photo: NASA

And that’s what they did in the new paper. Planet b orbits prograde like a good little planet, but the other two orbit perpendicular to it, over the star’s poles: a polar orbit.

That’s so weird! How can this happen?

They think that all three planets formed normally, like ours did, and all started out life orbiting in the same plane. But they posit a fifth object in the system orbits farther out, which could be a very low-mass star or a fourth planet. The details are complex, but objects on elliptical and slightly tilted orbits can change the shape and tilt of other objects in the system. Over time, this other object gravitationally interacted with planets c and d, flipping them up into these polar orbits. Planet b was too close to the star to be affected.

This may happen in other systems, too, where we see retrograde or polar planets. WASP-79b is an example of this, and it can happen in binary star systems as well.

The trick now is to find that other object. That may be impossible with current tech; it may not transit and it may also be too faint and too far out to detect otherwise. At least for now. Astronomers are clever folks and keep getting better at figuring out how to do things like this.

And oh how I love this news! Our solar system is amazing and wondrous and fascinating, and yet compared to some others it’s pretty vanilla. Nature has a way of bollixing things up, of throwing a curveball into what we might consider “normal.”

But normal is just an average, a spot on a graph you pick because lots of things hang out around it. But lots of things don’t, and the more we learn about them the more we can understand what normal really means.

Anyone who has ever had to build a model of our Solar System for a science project knows one thing that makes the job easy – all of the planets orbit the Sun in the same plane. Imagine how hard this would be – and how much bigger the model would have to be – if the orbits of Venus, Mars and Uranus were horizontal while the rest were vertical? Now, imagine how this could possibly happen during the creation of a solar system. Impossible? Meet HD 3167 – a little brother of our Sun with three planets – two in horizontal orbits and one strange outlier flying perpendicular to the other two … or is it vice versa?

“If you had a telescope and you were looking at the trajectory of the other planets in the system, they would be going vertically in the sky.”

An artist’s concept of one of the kinds of planets that is orbiting the star HD 3167.

(Credit: NASA)

University of Geneva astronomer Vincent Bourrier, lead author of the report published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, described to The New York Times what one would see gazing at the sky from the surface of standing on the surface of HD 3167 b, c or d … if one survived landing on one of these uninhabitable exoplanets. Using ESPRESSO – an echelle spectrometer on Chile’s Very Large Telescope used for detecting unusual light diffractions – Bourrier and his team tracked the innermost planet, HD 3167 b, as it passed in front of its star and found its orbit was perpendicular to the polar orbits of the other two exoplanets in the system. This super-Earth planet is closer to its star than Mercury is to our sun – completing an orbit once a day. In fact, all three would be within the orbit of Mercury in our solar system – mini-Neptune HD 3167c takes 30 days and HD 3167d has an 8.5-day orbit. What knocked HD 3167 b 90 degrees out of orbital whack?

“A Jupiter-sized planet could be massive enough to tilt the planets.”

University of Exeter astronomer Shweta Dalal, who was not part of the study but has researched the HD 3167 system speculated to The New York Times that the cause is a yet-to-be-seen fourth planet the size of Jupiter whose gravity is twisting the orbits of HD 3167 c and d. HD 3167, located 150 light years away, is smaller and dimmer than the Sun so SyFy Wire says finding that disruptive planet may be impossible with current telescopes.

An example of perpendicular orbits

(Credit: NASA)

While we wait to see HD 3167 e, one can still impress their science teacher with a display of the perpendicular orbits of the exoplanets of HD 3167 – all it takes is a lot of glue, strong wires, foam balls and good balance.

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