Light Over Home At Tupelo, Mississippi 1-17-2022, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: January 17, 2022
Location of sighing:Tupelo, Mississippi, USA
Source: MUFON

 

Now one of the complaints from inexperienced viewers I often get is that those are planet lights. The first comment on this video stated, "Come on...anything that flashes like that is...a plane. But his impatiences and inexperience shows. You see I can quote hundreds of UFO reports that state the UFO had "flashing lights"...such incidences can be found in Project Blue Book, MJ12 files, US Pentagon documents and much more. So...flashing lights doesn't mean its always a plane. It just means the lights can easily cause a human to BELIEVE it's only a plane. Aliens are masters at deception...since they have mostly gotten away with hiding from us for so long. This video below...it's a UFO. Welcome to the truth, the truth will set you free, but first it will hurt like hell. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

Eyewitness states:

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Was Area 51 Home to a Live Extraterrestrial?

Taken from JRE #1510 w/Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp.

Full video: https://youtu.be/Hc6pbG4wICA

George Knapp is an author, speaker, and the chief investigative reporter at KLAS TV in Las Vegas, NV. Jeremy Corbell is a contemporary artist and documentary filmmaker.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Men in Black Really Exist – A Strange US Air Force Memo Suggests

UFO seekers have had to deal with the enigmatic Men in Black throughout the years.

According to John Keel, Men in Black are persons who act as military commanders with the intent of suppressing the UFO mystery inquiry, reducing the credibility of those participating in such investigations, and instilling terror in witnesses.

A previous US Air Force report corroborates this, stating that the branch and the Blue Book Project were aware of these black guys and had recorded multiple occasions in which they intimidated UFO witnesses and seized photographic evidence.

What our fans have to say:

“I’ve seen the guys in black and they absolutely exist, but not in the context of UFOs. You will encounter these folks if you are one of the unlucky ones working on a SAP. I’m not sure why they dress in all black and have such a commanding presence, but they do… they don’t only deal with UFOs, they deal with black projects in general. It all sounds a little over-the-top and somewhat comical to me, but these men are dead serious, and I’m quite sure they have carte blanche to do whatever they want.”

“They’re also in Canada… their attitudes are out of this planet… simply ignore them like a nightmare… did I or didn’t…(?)”

Take a look at the video below and let us know what you think.

VIDEO:

{ https://alienhistory.net/ }

A Fleet Of UFOs Flew Low Over A Highway In Illinois

A mysterious group of several glowing spheres silently and slowly flew along a busy road in Illinois near Lake Michigan before the glow of the balls began to fade and eventually disappeared into the night sky.

This video (see below) was filmed on November 26, 2021 at approximately 6 p.m. According to an eyewitness, the objects moved completely silently and, changing formation, moved towards Lake Michigan.

Initially, a “triangle” of three shining spheres was seen in the sky, and then it broke up and more spheres appeared moving in the dark sky.

Earlier, UFOs were repeatedly spotted in the Lake Michigan area, which is why American ufologists have a theory that the deep cold waters of the lake may hide an alien base.

As for this video, initially skeptics began to say that Elon Musk’s satellites got on the video, and then a version appeared that the shining spheres were actually helicopters with searchlights.

 TR-3B

In turn, political scientist Thomas Wawrusko suggested that the video could have captured the flight of the secret US aircraft TR-3B.

The TR-3B is an as yet unconfirmed “black project” by the US Air Force, allegedly created by the advanced weapons laboratory DARPA.

{ https://anomalien.com/ }

World's largest fish breeding colony that's the size of BIRMINGHAM and includes 60 million active nests is found in Antarctica's Weddell Sea

• The unprecedented fish population is a biomass of more than 135 million pounds

• Most of the nests were occupied by a single adult guarding over 1,700 eggs 

• Scientists believe the area is utilised heavily by seals and other predators

• The icefish, or notothenioids, play an important role in the wider food web  

By RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

A massive icefish breeding colony, covering almost 100 square miles, has been discovered in Antarctica's Weddell Sea, with about 60 million active nests.

It is the world's largest breeding colony of fish, representing a biomass of more than 135 million pounds, and covers an area roughly the size of Birmingham.

Until now it was not known that such a thing existed. 

Each of the nests include about 1,700 eggs, with a number of fish carcasses found within, or near the site - as it is thought to be a feeding ground for seals.

Also known as notothenioids, these fish play an important role in the wider food web, say experts from the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, Germany. 

The discovery will play an important role in the conservation of Antarctica and surrounding oceans, the researchers claim, adding that they plan to return to the area later this year to survey more of the ocean floor for signs of nests. 

A massive icefish breeding colony, covering almost 100 square miles, has been discovered in Antarctica's Weddell Sea, with about 60 million active nests

Each of the nests include about 1,700 eggs, with a number of fish carcasses found within, or near the site - as it is thought to be a feeding ground for seals

WHAT ARE ICEFISH (NOTOTHENIIDAE)?

The team used an underwater camera 'sledge' called Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System (OFOBS) in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

The researchers were surveying the Filchner ice shelf, a vast slab that has floated off the land onto the sea, as well as the surrounding seafloor, which included an upwelling of water that was 3.6 F warmer than the surrounding area.

While they were able to examine the change in water temperature, finding the massive fish colony and breeding ground was 'rather unexpected'.     

Their bodily fluids contain antifreeze proteins that enable them to survive the very cold temperatures of the Southern Ocean.

As a result, blood is less thick and sticky - increasing supply of oxygen to organs.

Lead author Dr Autun Purser said data revealed this area is a prime feeding ground for seals, with 'a great many spending their time in close proximity to the nests'. 

'We know this from historical tracking data and fresh tracking data from our cruise. The nests are exactly where the warmer water is upwelling.

'These facts may be coincidence, and more work is needed, but the recorded seal data show seals do indeed dive to the depths of the fish nests, so may well be dining on these fish.'

'A few dozen nests ha$

ve been observed elsewhere in the Antarctic - but this find is orders of magnitude larger,' added Dr Purser.

The researchers used an underwater camera 'sledge', OFOBS, which is a large, towed device, weighing one ton and towed behind the icebreaker RV Polarstern.

'We tow this at a height of about 5ft to 8ft above the seafloor, recording videos and acoustic bathymetry data,' explained Dr Purser. 

Live images were transmitted from 1,755ft to 1,377ft down to monitors aboard the research ship, and the longer the mission lasted, the more excitement grew.

The discovery will play an important role in the conservation of Antarctica and surrounding oceans, the researchers claim, adding that they plan to return to the area later this year to survey more of the ocean floor for signs of nests

The team used an underwater camera 'sledge' called Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System (OFOBS) in the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Nest followed nest, the team said. Precise evaluations identified an average one breeding site per 33 square foot - with up to two per 10 square feet.

Mapping suggested it extended across a region roughly equivalent to an island the size of Malta - about 92 square miles.

Dr Purser said: 'The idea such a huge breeding area of icefish in the Weddell Sea was previously undiscovered is totally fascinating.'

The Polarstern icebreaker has been exploring it for four decades. Only individual Neopagetopsis ionah fish or small clusters of nests had ever been detected. 

Dr Purser said: 'We did not know to expect any sort of fish nest ecosystem.' That part, he adds, came as a 'total surprise.'

Dr Purser said: 'After the spectacular discovery of the many fish nests, we thought about a strategy on board to find out how large the breeding area was - there was literally no end in sight.

'The nests are three quarters of a metre in diameter - so they are much larger than the structures and creatures, some of which are only centimetres in size, that we normally detect with the OFOBS system.

'So, we were able to increase the height above ground to about three metres and the towing speed to a maximum of three knots, thus multiplying the area investigated.

'We covered an area of [490,000 sq ft] and counted an incredible 16,160 fish nests on the photo and video footage.'

The round fish nests could be clearly identified - about six inches deep and two-and-a-half feet in diameter.

They stood out from the otherwise muddy seabed due to a circular central area of small stones. Several types were distinguished.

Some were 'active' with between 1,500 and 2,500 eggs and guarded in three-quarters of cases by an adult icefish of the species Neopagetopsis ionah.

Others contained only eggs. There were also unused nests, in the vicinity of which either only a fish without eggs could be seen, or a dead fish.

The researchers used OFOBS's longer-range but lower-resolution side scan sonars - which recorded over 100,000 nests - to work out distribution and density.

They were a popular destination for seals in search of food. Transmitters attached to the marine mammals showed 90 per cent of diving activities occurred there.

Nest followed nest, the team said. Precise evaluations identified an average one breeding site per 33 square foot - with up to two per 10 square feet

It's likely to be the most spatially extensive contiguous fish breeding colony discovered worldwide to date.

Bettina Stark-Watzinger, German Federal Research Minister, congratulated the researchers on their discovery, saying it makes an important contribution towards protecting the Antarctic environment.

The researchers have now deployed two camera systems to monitor the icefish nests until a research vessel returns. 

The hope is that photographs taken multiple times a day will yield new insights on the workings of this newly discovered ecosystem. 

Purser says he has plans to return in April 2022 for surveys of the seafloor in areas of the northeast Weddell Sea. 

The findings have been published in the journal Current Biology. 

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT WEDDELL SEALS 

{https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Grootste groep broedende vissen ooit ontdekt onder pakijs Antarctica: 60 miljoen actieve nesten

Vijfhonderd meter onder het pakijs van Antarctica hebben wetenschappers de grootste groep broedende vissen ooit gevonden. Het zou gaan om naar schatting 60 miljoen actieve nesten van een soort ijsvis, goed voor een oppervlakte van zeker 240 vierkante kilometer of iets meer dan de oppervlakte van de stad Antwerpen. Er wordt gesproken over “een ongelofelijke ontdekking”.

De kolonie werd ontdekt in de Weddellzee, een deel van de Zuidelijke Oceaan dat voor het grootste deel uit ijs bestaat en tussen Antarctica en het Zuid-Amerikaanse continent in ligt.

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Veel vissen maken nesten en soms verzamelen ze met honderden tegelijk om die te bouwen. In het geval van de ijsvissen werd in het verleden hooguit een handvol nesten samen ontdekt. Tot diepzeebioloog Autun Purser van de Alfred Wegener Institute in het Duitse Bremerhaven en zijn collega's begin vorig jaar op de gigantische kolonie botsten, terwijl ze met een onderzoek bezig waren op de Weddellzee.

Bodem van de zee

De onderzoekers waren de chemische verbanden aan het bestuderen tussen de oppervlaktewaters en de bodem van de zee. Daarvoor werd het leven op de zeebodem in kaart gebracht. Dat gebeurde met een toestel dat achter een ijsbreker aangesleept werd en videobeelden maakte.

Eén van de medewerkers merkte plots dat er overal cirkelvormige nesten van ijsvissen (Neopagetopsis ionah) te zien waren. Die ijsvissen komen alleen in dergelijke wateren voor en zijn aangepast aan de extreme koude daar, onder meer door een soort van antivries in hun bloed. “Toen we een halfuur later nog altijd het ene nest na het andere zagen verschijnen en dat voor de rest van onze vier uur durende tocht ook zo bleek te zijn, wist ik dat we iets ongewoons op het spoor waren”, vertelt Purser aan ‘ScienceNews’.

Drie expedities

De wetenschappers maakten nog drie expedities in de buurt en bleven nest na nest vinden, kilometer na kilometer. Waarom de vissen daar zo massaal verzamelen, is niet duidelijk. Er zou wel veel plankton aanwezig zijn, microscopisch kleine diertjes die de perfecte voeding vormen voor pas uitgekomen vissen. In de buurt was ook een zone met warmer water, wat de vissen kan helpen bij het lokaliseren van de broedgrond.

Zelf zouden de ijsvissen dan weer als voedsel dienen voor zeehonden. Daarvan is geweten dat ze heel wat tijd spenderen in de wateren boven de kolonie, volgens de wetenschappers in ‘Current Biology’.

LEES OOK: 

• Schokgolf van vulkaanuitbarsting bij Tonga bereikte ook België: “Luchtdruk schoot plots omhoog”

Intermixed with the nests were fish carcasses.

(AWI OFOBS team)

Cameras will monitor the ecosystem to try to establish how it functions. 

Photograph: Alfred Wegener Institute

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Space & Lunas Surface Exploration (UFO Sighting)

Active AirSpace Unidentified Aerial Phenomena and Unidentified Objects in Penang captured through our lens innovation which had won Gold awards in Canada & Malaysia

• https://69679593-922d-4aee-ad9c-bdab6... 
•  https://www.tisias.org/uploads/6/9/5/...

Smartphone uv infrared telecopy photography by Arav & Annamalai . UV infrared light settings by Istal Zainee Bin Abdul Rahman.

Moon Size Black Sphere UFO Spotted Next To The Sun For The Pass Three Days. January 13-15 2022

This was spotted by Dan who runs the YouTube Channel Smasho Mash where he studies space weather and he captured this on SDO/Solar Dynamics Observatory. In my opinion this object is accumulating the energy that is being given of from our Sun.. What do you guys think?

Thanks to Smasho Mash for allow me the use of his video and to view the full, unedited video:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGDfP...

If you feel like checking it out for themselves:

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Ghostly Mist Captured On Home CCTV During The Witching Hour In Modesto, California.

Although this was filmed sometime in July of 2021, This footage was uploaded to Reddit a day ago. Just after 3am the motion detector was set off by this mist.

The witness told me "The dogs where barking all night long and my sister kept looking outside to see what was up but saw nothing." They also added "Went to bed and it happened about 3am and there was no fog that night."

When i ask if anything like this had occurred before, i was told the following "We sees stuff in the house all the time but we never felt like it was dangerous so we do our thing and the ghost does their thing ." Thanks to Ryan Mangini and his sister for allowing me the use of their footage and to view the original:

Saucer Shaped UFO Sighting over Orangeburg, South Carolina on January 6, 2022

witness states:

Went out for a smoke and took pictures of the front yard, as I see frequent UFO activity and like to record proof. I have seen many UFOs that were far off but this was the first time anything has come so close. The craft came from the tree line pulsing multicolored lights. After a few seconds, two orbs came out of it and began to pulse/blink red. It was like they were trying to memos a large aircraft; however, I worked on C-17s in the Air Force and know that this no aircraft. These crafts were moving slow towards the neighbors and disappeared in the trees. I went to the backyard and observed them descend down into the back woods behind the house (swamp land). You can see the red orbs change from vertical to horizontal close to the end of the video.Source: MUFON/ UFO Stalker: Case Number 120202. Sighting over Orangeburg, South Carolina.\ on January 6, 2022.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Saturn's moon Mimas may be hiding a 'stealth' ocean buried beneath almost 20 miles of ice, study finds

• Mimas is the closest 'large' moon to Saturn and has a diameter of 246 miles

• It has a thick, 20 mile deep crust of ice covering its crater-marked surface

• Despite no evidence of water breaking through the ice, it may have an ocean

• Researchers looked at how Saturn's pull might heat the moon's interior over time

• They found that it would be enough to produce a liquid water ocean under ice 

By RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

Saturn's moon Mimas is covered in 20 mile thick ice, but astronomers now believe there is a 'stealth ocean' buried deep beneath its thick frozen surface.

Mimas, the closest of Saturn's 'large' moons, has a diameter of 246 miles, and is the smallest astronomical body known to still be round in shape due to self-gravitation.

There are no hints of any liquid water, when looking at the moon in images and from observations, according to experts, but simulations by the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado, suggest there is one, deep underneath the blanket of ice.

Measurements taken by the NASA Cassini spacecraft in 2014 hinted there might be some water under the surface, but this hasn't been corroborated until now.

In the new study, the team explored the size and formation predictions for the small moon, to determine that its internal heat would be enough to allow for flowing water.

Saturn's moon Mimas is covered in 20 mile thick ice, but astronomers now believe there is an 'stealth ocean' buried deep beneath its thick frozen cover

Also known as Saturn I, due to it being the closest to the ringed world, Mimas has a total surface area slightly less than the land area of Spain.

That surface bears none of the fracturing, or evidence of melting that astronomers and planetary scientists would expect to see from a world with a hidden ocean. 

'When we look at a body like Mimas, it is a little, cold, dead rock,' Alyssa Rhoden, lead author of this new study told New Scientist. 

'If you put Mimas in a gallery with a bunch of other icy moons, you would never look at it and say "oh, that one has an ocean".'

As well as it baring no signs of having an ocean, none of the accepted theoretical models of moon formation suggest it should have an ocean.

However, observations from 2014, taken by Cassini, show the moon wobbling as it spins, suggesting something strange going on under the ice.

At the time researchers suggesting there was water under the icy shell, and so, since then astronomers have been attempting to see whether that is the case, and how it is possible.

Rhoden told New Scientist that researchers set out to prove that Mimas can't have an ocean — because it seemed so unlikely.

The problem is, the scientist explained, that they did find evidence of an ocean, and findings backed up earlier observations from Cassini.

They performed simulations of how the interior is stretched and heated by Saturn's gravity, and what that would do the an icy outer shell.

The heating was enough to support a global ocean of liquid water, as much as 18 miles below a thick crust of ice, deep enough not to crack the surface. 

Cassini measurements of Mimas' physical properties are either explained through a non-hydrostatic core, or a global liquid ocean as much as 20 miles below the ice. 

A combination of tidal heating, caused by the pull of Saturn, played a bearing on the inner-world ocean developing, as well as its eccentricity and libration. 

There are no hints of any liquid water, when looking at the moon in images and from observations, according to experts, but simulations by the Southwest Research Institute in Colorado, suggest there is one, deep underneath the blanket of ice

Measurements taken by the NASA Cassini spacecraft in 2015 hinted there might be some water under the surface, but this hasn't been confirmed until now

'An ocean within Mimas would be surprising, given the lack of comparable geologic activity to that observed on other ocean-bearing moons like Europa and Enceladus, and thus has important implications for the prevalence and identification of ocean worlds,' the researchers wrote in a paper published in the journal Icarus. 

'We find that, using the most reasonable assumptions, Mimas would have the suggested ocean and ice shell thicknesses today.' 

This would put it under the category of 'stealth world's' — that is icy moons with an unexpected ocean buried beneath its surface.

'There are a lot of icy satellites in our solar system, and if Mimas could be an ocean world, any of them could be ocean worlds,' Rhoden said.

'The more we understand the pathways by which we can form an ocean, the more we're going to learn about the habitats that are available in our solar system.'    

WHAT DID CASSINI DISCOVER DURING ITS 20-YEAR MISSION TO SATURN?

Cassini launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida in 1997, then spent seven years in transit followed by 13 years orbiting Saturn.

An artist's impression of the Cassini spacecraft studying Saturn 

In 2000 it spent six months studying Jupiter before reaching Saturn in 2004.

In that time, it discovered six more moons around Saturn, three-dimensional structures towering above Saturn's rings, and a giant storm that raged across the planet for nearly a year.

On 13 December 2004 it made its first flyby of Saturn's moons Titan and Dione.

On 24 December it released the European Space Agency-built Huygens probe on Saturn's moon Titan to study its atmosphere and surface composition.

There it discovered eerie hydrocarbon lakes made from ethane and methane.

In 2008, Cassini completed its primary mission to explore the Saturn system and began its mission extension (the Cassini Equinox Mission).

In 2010 it began its second mission (Cassini Solstice Mission) which lasted until it exploded in Saturn's atmosphere.

In December 2011, Cassini obtained the highest resolution images of Saturn's moon Enceladus.

In December of the following year it tracked the transit of Venus to test the feasibility of observing planets outside our solar system.

In March 2013 Cassini made the last flyby of Saturn's moon Rhea and measured its internal structure and gravitational pull.

Cassini didn't just study Saturn - it also captured incredible views of its many moons. In the image above, Saturn's moon Enceladus can be seen drifting before the rings and the tiny moon Pandora. It was captured on Nov. 1, 2009, with the entire scene is backlit by the Sun

In July of that year Cassini captured a black-lit Saturn to examine the rings in fine detail and also captured an image of Earth.

In April of this year it completed its closest flyby of Titan and started its Grande Finale orbit which finished on September 15.

'The mission has changed the way we think of where life may have developed beyond our Earth,' said Andrew Coates, head of the Planetary Science Group at Mullard Space Science Laboratory at University College London.

'As well as Mars, outer planet moons like Enceladus, Europa and even Titan are now top contenders for life elsewhere,' he added. 'We've completely rewritten the textbooks about Saturn.'

Read more:

• Saturn: Planet’s moon Mimas may be hiding an impossible ocean | New Scientist
• www.sciencedirec...

{  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

According to a new study, Saturn’s moon Mimas may have an ocean buried under several miles of ice.

Mimas was discovered in 1789 by English astronomer Sir William Herschel. The moon is covered with craters, some of which measure 25 miles in diameter (40 kilometers). The massive Herschel crater, however, measures a whopping 88 miles across (142 kilometers) and spreads out almost a third of the moon’s diameter.

Mimas is the closest major moon that orbits Saturn at a distance of just 115,280 miles (185,525 kilometres). It completes a full orbit around the planet in just 22 hours and 37 minutes. It is believed that the moon consists of most water ice with a small amount of rock. The surface temperature is about minus 209 degrees Celsius (minus 344 degrees Fahrenheit).

Mimas

While there is no proof of there being an ocean on Mimas, some researchers do think that there is one hidden far beneath the icy surface based on simulations conducted by Colorado’s Southwest Research Institute. They performed the simulations based on measurements taken by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft in 2014.

The experts claimed that there is enough heat inside of the moon to sustain flowing water. The simulations showed how the inside of the moon could be heated and stretched from the gravity of Saturn. And they found that the heat was enough to support a liquid water ocean measuring as far down as 18 miles (29 kilometers) beneath the icy surface. Since it would be so far down, it wouldn’t be able to crack the surface of the moon.

In an interview with New Scientist, the lead author of the study Alyssa Rhoden explained this in further detail, “When we look at a body like Mimas, it is a little, cold, dead rock.” “If you put Mimas in a gallery with a bunch of other icy moons, you would never look at it and say ‘oh, that one has an ocean’.” But the Cassini data revealed something very interesting about the moon as it was observed wobbling while it spun, which suggested that there could be something odd occurring beneath the thick ice.

In their study, the researchers wrote in part, “An ocean within Mimas would be surprising, given the lack of comparable geologic activity to that observed on other ocean-bearing moons like Europa and Enceladus, and thus has important implications for the prevalence and identification of ocean worlds.” “We find that, using the most reasonable assumptions, Mimas would have the suggested ocean and ice shell thicknesses today.”

If this is correct, it would mean that Mimas is a “stealth world”, meaning that it is an icy moon with an unexpected ocean deep beneath the surface. “There are a lot of icy satellites in our solar system, and if Mimas could be an ocean world, any of them could be ocean worlds,” Rhoden stated.

Their study was published in the journal Icarus.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

This Small Japanese Town Is A UFO Hotspot

In a small Japanese town with desolate streets and shuttered storefronts, aliens are said to be frequent visitors.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

DE AARDE BEVINDT ZICH TOEVALLIG IN HET HART VAN EEN GIGANTISCHE STERREN BARENDE BUBBEL

Vivian Lammerse

En nu hebben onderzoekers ontraadseld hoe die bel en de jonge sterren die ons omringen, zijn ontstaan.

Ons zonnestelsel bevindt zich in de zogenoemde ‘Lokale bel’; een 1000 lichtjaar wijde ‘bubbel’, die bestaat uit hete, vrijwel lege ruimte. Opvallend genoeg worden we omringd door duizenden jonge sterren, die zich aan het oppervlak van de gigantische bel hebben vastgeklampt. Een prangende vraag is echter hoe zowel de Lokale bel, als de jonge sterren om ons heen, precies zijn ontstaan. Bovendien bevinden wij ons ook nog eens precies in het hart van de Lokale bel. Hoe dat allemaal zit? Een nieuwe studie schept duidelijkheid.

Lokale bel
In het onderzoek zijn astronomen in de evolutionaire geschiedenis van onze galactische achtertuin gedoken. De aarde bevindt zich namelijk in het hart van een gigantische sterren barende bubbel. Maar veel weten we hier echter nog niet van af. Terwijl astronomen al tientallen jaren van het bestaan van de jonge sterren afweten, was de geboorte van de Lokale bel en de impact ervan op het gas eromheen, tot voor kort een raadsel. “Dit is echt een oorsprongsverhaal,” zegt onderzoeker Catherine Zucker. “Voor het eerst kunnen we uitleggen hoe alle nabije stervorming begon.”

Supernova-explosies
Over het algemeen wordt aangenomen dat onze Lokale bel – maar ook andere holtes; we zijn niet de enige – het gevolg zijn van supernova-explosies. Reusachtige ontploffingen van massarijke sterren zouden, miljoenen jaren geleden, de hen omringende ruimte nog leger hebben gemaakt dan deze al was. De onderzoekers komen in de nieuwe studie tot de ontdekking dat een reeks supernovae die 14 miljoen jaar geleden plaatsvond, interstellair gas naar buiten duwde. En hierdoor ontstond de grote ‘zeepbel’ om ons heen. “We hebben berekend dat er in de loop van miljoenen jaren ongeveer vijftien supernovae zijn geweest die uiteindelijk de Lokale bel vormden zoals we die vandaag zien,” aldus Zucker.

Groeiend
De vreemd gevormde bel slaapt echter niet. Hij groeit langzaam en gestaag, zo merken de astronomen op. “Hij dijt met ongeveer 6,5 kilometer per seconde uit,” vertelt Zucker. “Hij heeft echter het grootste deel van zijn kracht verloren en blijft nu qua snelheid vrijwel stabiel.”

Artistieke impressie van de Lokale bel, met stervorming op het oppervlak. Wetenschappers hebben nu laten zien hoe een reeks gebeurtenissen die 14 miljoen jaar geleden plaatsvond leidde tot het ontstaan van de enorme bel, die verantwoordelijk is voor de vorming van alle jonge sterren binnen 500 lichtjaar afstand van de zon en de aarde. Afbeelding: Leah Hustak

Tegenwoordig zitten er zeven bekende stervormingsgebieden of moleculaire wolken – gebieden in de ruimte waar sterren het levenslicht zien – op het oppervlak van de Lokale bel. Sterker nog, alle jonge sterren en stervormingsgebieden – binnen 500 lichtjaar van de aarde – bevinden zich hier. Dit is overigens geen toeval. De supernova-explosies die namelijk de Lokale bel vormden, creëren tegelijkertijd een oppervlak dat zich uitstekend leent voor stervorming.

Gatenkaas
Om het onderzoek wat simpeler uit te leggen; denk eens aan een grote gatenkaas. De gaten in de kaas zijn ontstaan door supernova-explosies. Vervolgens ontstaan er nieuwe sterren in de kaas rond de gaten die door de stervende sterren zijn achtergelaten.

Opvallend genoeg bevindt de aarde zich precies in het hart van de Lokale bel. Overigens moeten we daar niet meer achter zoeken dan simpelweg toeval. “Toen de eerste sterren explodeerden in supernovae, was onze zon nog ver weg van alle actie,” vertelt onderzoeker João Alves. “Ongeveer vijf miljoen jaar geleden kruiste het pad van de zon de bel. En nu zit onze zon – gewoon toevallig – bijna precies in het hart van de Lokale bel.”

Omdat we weten dat superbellen zoals de Lokale bel geen zeldzaamheid zijn, zijn de onderzoekers van plan meer interstellaire bubbels in kaart te brengen. Op die manier willen ze een volledig beeld krijgen van hun locaties en alle vormen en maten waarin ze voorkomen. Door dergelijke superbellen en hun relatie tot elkaar te bestuderen, hopen astronomen uiteindelijk te begrijpen welke rol stervende sterren spelen bij het ‘baren’ van nieuwe sterren. Ook willen onderzoekers zo een beter beeld krijgen van de structuur en evolutie van sterrenstelsels zoals onze eigen Melkweg.

Bronmateriaal:

• "1,000-light-year wide bubble surrounding Earth is source of all nearby, young stars" - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (via EurekAlert)
  
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: Leah Hustak (STScI)

{ https://www.scientias.nl/ }

Pebbles Before Mountains

Written by Jennifer Trosper, Project Manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory

{  https://nasa.gov/ }

This 'UFO' rover could hover on the moon and asteroids one day

On 2022-01-11 and 2022-01-12 the Stereo EUVI A304 satellite captured a massive solar flare, then, on 2022-1-14 and 2022-1-15, the SDO AIA 94 satellite captured a huge black object that becomes visible during another solar flare. 

UFOs have often been photographed next to the sun, but in this case it is not clear whether the black object is just a speck on the camera lens or an extraterrestrial craft.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

UFO ATTEMPTS TO MAKE CONTACT | The Proof is Out There

In June 2019, an eyewitness spotted strange orbs watching him at Lake Superior. Watch as experts examine the footage and reveal the truth, in this clip from Season 2, “Apocalyptic Lights & Baby Sharkman.”

{  https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

SPACEX MARS CITY: LAUNCH SCHEDULE, KEY BUILD DATES, AND HOW TO GET THERE

Musk plans to build a self-sustaining city on Mars.

READY TO LIVE on Mars? It could become an option soon, if Elon Musk succeeds in his goals.

The SpaceX CEO has a long-standing vision of establishing a city on the Red Planet. It would be self-sustaining, would be home to 1 million people, and would transform humanity into a multi-planet species. It is perhaps Musk’s most ambitious goal, one that could keep him occupied for the next three decades.

“It's about believing in the future and thinking that the future would be better than the past,” Musk said at the International Astronautical Conference 2017 in Adelaide, Australia. “I can't think of anything more exciting than going out there and being among the stars.”

• Want to find out more about Musk’s plans for a Mars city? Subscribe to MUSK READS+ for exclusive interviews and analysis about spaceflight, electric cars, and more.

Here is what you need to know about Musk’s mission.

WHAT IS THE MARS CITY?

Musk plans to build a full-size city on the surface of Mars. This would be a city open to regular people, not just scientists and researchers.

People interested in moving to Mars could pay for their flight with a loan. Once there, people would be able to pay off the loan by working in anything from iron foundries to pizzerias. Musk declared at a 2016 conference that there would be labor shortages for a long time.

This city would be free to govern itself on its own terms, as indicated by the Starlink internet service terms and conditions released in October 2020. This appears to stand in contradiction to the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which states that the launch origin country is responsible for subsequent space activities. David Anderman, who served as SpaceX’s general counsel when the terms were released, suggested to Inverse in 2021 that the two documents may be set on a collision course.

Mars: ready for a city? Shutterstock

Musk estimated in 2019 that it would take around one million tons of cargo to build a self-sustaining city on Mars. Assuming it costs $100,000 per ton to send cargo to Mars with the upcoming Starship, that would put a Mars city’s price at around $100 billion. At the high end, Musk estimates it could cost around $10 trillion.

WHY DOES ELON MUSK WANT TO BUILD A CITY ON MARS?

Musk’s stated aim is to transform humanity into a multi-planet species.

Over the years, he has listed reasons as to why humanity would want to expand into the universe. One theme he regularly lists is that a life-ending event on Earth could spell the end of humanity — but humanity could live on if it’s able to set up base on a new planet like Mars.

“Earth is ~4.5B years old, but life is still not multiplanetary and it is extremely uncertain how much time is left to become so,” Musk wrote on Twitter in November 2021. Beyond very worst-case scenario climate change, a surprise meteor strike could also wipe out humanity.

SpaceX concept art of a Starship taking off from Mars.SpaceX

Another reason, as he suggested in September 2018, is because it’s a reason to keep on living:

“There’s so many things that make people sad or depressed about the future, but I think becoming a space-faring civilization is one of those things that makes you excited about the future.”

Musk isn’t the first person to call for humanity to colonize another planet — professor Stephen Hawking said in 2017 that humans would need to expand out within 100 years if they hoped to survive. However, astrophysicist Martin Rees said in response to Hawking and Musk that the idea was a “dangerous delusion [...] dealing with climate change on Earth is a doddle compared to making Mars habitable.”

WHEN DID MUSK FIRST GET THE IDEA FOR A MARS CITY?

It’s hard to say when he first got this idea — Ashlee Vance’s 2015 biography claims that “by the middle of his teenage years” he’d come to see “man’s fate in the universe” as his “personal obligation.” He was inspired by science fiction novels like Douglas Adams’ Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.

The book also cites Terency Beney, who went to school with Musk. Beney claims that Musk was already thinking about colonizing other planets in his early years.

In 2001, Musk attended a meeting of the non-profit Mars Society group. During the event, Musk learned about the group’s plans to send mice into space to inspire people. Musk started considering the prospect of sending them to Mars instead, an idea that eventually led to him founding SpaceX.

In 2007, before SpaceX had even launched its first rocket to orbit, Musk told Wired that in 30 years there would be a base on the Moon and Mars.

The idea took on new form in 2016, when he gave a speech at the International Astronautical Congress about his idea to make humanity into a multi-planet species.

HOW WILL ELON MUSK BUILD A CITY ON MARS?

Central to the plan is the Starship. This fully-reusable rocket, currently under development in Texas, will enable SpaceX to send humans and cargo to Mars. The ship will be capable of launching over 100 tons or 100 people into space at a time.

Its use of liquid oxygen and methane as fuel, rather than the rocket propellant used in the Falcon 9, means explorers can fly to Mars, refuel using resources found on the planet, and fly back to Earth. The astronauts could even venture out further into space, building a planet-hopping network of refueling stations along the way.

DOES JEFF BEZOS AGREE WITH ELON MUSK’S MARS CITY IDEA?

Not everybody in the space industry agrees with Musk’s vision. Jeff Bezos, founder of rival firm Blue Origin, prefers to build giant orbiting cities near Earth to expand humanity.

In May 2019, Bezos cited research from physicist Gerard K. O’Neill. He asked a key question: is a planetary surface the best place for humans to expand into the solar system? O’Neill decided the answer was no for three key reasons:

1. The planetary surfaces aren’t that big. Humans would maybe, at best, double the amount of available land surface.
2. They’re a long way away. A round trip to Mars would take years — the Earth and Mars align once every 22 months, and the trip itself would take a few months depending on the rocket.
3. There won’t be any real-time communications with Earth because of the distance. It takes around 20 minutes to send a signal to Mars, much slower than the tens of milliseconds it takes to communicate over the internet.

Instead, Bezos prefers to build O’Neill-style colonies in Earth’s orbit. This, he claims, could support up to one trillion humans.

Blue Origin's vision of giant, floating colonies.

Blue Origin

Musk responded to Bezos’ vision later that month:

“Makes no sense. In order to grow the colony, you’d have to transport vast amounts of mass from planets/moons/asteroids. Would be like trying to build the USA in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean!”

WHAT IS THE DESIGN FOR THE MARS CITY?

During Musk’s 2017 International Astronautical Congress presentation, he revealed images of how the city may look:

SpaceX's Mars city design. SpaceX

The city would begin initially with a series of bases, gradually expanding out over time.

SpaceX's concept art for how a Mars city with a Starship may look. SpaceX

HOW MUCH WILL IT COST TO TAKE A SPACESHIP TO THE MARS CITY?

Musk claimed in 2019 that a return ticket could cost around $500,000 initially, dropping to $100,000 over time. Musk’s goal in 2016 was to reach a ticket price of around the median price of a house in the United States. That would suggest people could sell their house to move to Mars.

Another option, Musk suggested, would be a personal loan. Visitors would pay off the loan by getting a job to help fill the city’s labor shortages. It’s an idea that arguably bears resemblance to 19th-century American company towns, where employees lived in a city owned by their employer. Especially in the early days, Mars may not have many choices for local employment — and you’ll need to pay off that loan for your flight.

Guenter Lang, an economics professor at Kühne Logistics University in Germany, drew this plan into question in a May 2019 interview with Inverse. After all, if you’re rich enough to go, why would you give up that luxury?

WHEN WILL SPACEX BUILD A CITY ON MARS?

In 2017, Musk outlined an “aspirational” plan to send two cargo ships to Mars as early as 2022. It would then send four ships at the next closest approach — two crewed ships and two cargo ships — in 2024.

Mars and Earth are at their closest around once every 26 months. The distance between the two at this time reduces to around 33.9 million miles.

In March 2019, Musk wrote on Twitter that “it’s possible to make a self-sustaining city on Mars by 2050, if we start in 5 years & take 10 orbital synchronizations.” With 26 months between synchronizations, that would mean it would take around 22 years at a minimum to build the city.

Musk has set himself the deadline of a self-sustaining Mars city with 1 million people by 2050. Musk would turn 79 years old that year.

As SpaceX has yet to even host its first orbital flight with the Starship, it seems unlikely that it will send the first cargo ships this year.

WILL ELON MUSK TERRAFORM MARS?

Probably not in his lifetime, but he does have some ideas.

At SpaceX’s headquarters, next to the lobby, the company has two images that show a before and after of a terraformed Mars:

A terraformed Mars. Steve Jurvetson/Flickr

The current surface temperature on Mars is an average of minus 63 degrees Celsius, or minus 82 degrees Fahrenheit. Musk’s idea is to heat up the planet’s poles to release stores of frozen carbon dioxide. This would use a series of continuous, low fallout nuclear fusion explosions to act as artificial suns.

The idea would be to use the carbon dioxide stores to create a more hospitable atmosphere. Humans could then walk around the planet using just a breathing apparatus.

That’s the theory, at least. In practice, Bruce Jakosky and Christopher S. Edwards published a paper in the journal Nature Astronomy back in 2018 that drew that plan into question. It argued there is “not enough CO2 remaining on Mars to provide significant greenhouse warming were the gas to be emplaced into the atmosphere.”

The paper found that vaporizing Mars’ carbon-rich sedimentary rocks would release enough gas for around 12 millibars of atmospheric pressure. By comparison, Earth’s atmosphere is around 1,000 millibars at sea level.

Jakosky and Edwards publicly discussed with Musk as to whether there was enough carbon dioxide lurking beneath the surface. The three seemed to agree, however, that the technology to terraform Mars is some ways away yet.

Mars city first, then the rest later.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

In January of 1996, a number of people in Varginha, Brazil, claimed to have witnessed a UFO and encountered one or more extraterrestrials. As the story spread, there were reports the Brazilian military had captured two ETs and the news was picked up by the mainstream media, including The Wall Street Journal in the U.S. While the incident and the eyewitness account by three female witnesses inspired a local disc-shaped water reservoir and tourist sites catering to the story, the military and the Brazilian government have never confirmed the UFO nor the aliens. That may change after this week when a man came forward claiming he was a soldier in 1996, participated in the capture of the aliens and was in very close proximity to one of them.

A sign a city loves its ETs and UFOs

UFO researcher and reporter Edison Bonaventura interviewed Saulo José Machado and posted the video (watch it here in Portuguese) on his Enigmas e Mistérios (Riddles and Mysteries) YouTube channel. Portal Vigilia reviewed the video in Portuguese and Google provided the English translation of this interesting account by Machado – who claims he was a low-ranking junior soldier in January 1996 when his life was changed forever by a trip with other soldiers from his base in Belo Horizonte in southeastern Brazil to Varginha for an undisclosed operation. Make that an unusual operation too – the first thing they noticed was that they were carrying rifles with no ammunition in them. While sweeping the area where they were dropped off, he claims two other soldiers came out of the woods carrying a strange being.

“The first thing that caught my attention was the very large head. The head is completely disproportionate to the body. And a very big red eye. And then, in those 10 or so seconds that I had to observe it, I noticed that it was quite oily. Dark, a reddish more iron-colored, but very oily, and a weird smell that reminded me of acetone.” (Google translation)

In the video, Machado holds up his drawing of the creature and claims he was within five feet of it. His description of it sounds similar to the accounts of the three women, who estimated it to be five feet tall with a large head, large red eyes, thin body, V-shaped feet and brown skin. The mother of two of the girls went to the area and smelled a strong ammonia-like odor. There were reports of a second creature being found by soldiers two days later (Machado claims he was there a day or so after January 20th when the women saw it) as well as other accounts of a UFO crashing and being retrieved by soldiers, who ordered people in the area to say nothing. Some people claimed the two ‘aliens’ were taken to a medical clinic before being removed by the military. A detailed account of the numerous reports was made in on the 20th anniversary in 2016 by South of Minas (read it here).

Varginha without aliens and UFOs

Edison Bonaventura seems to consider Saulo José Machado to be a credible military witness to what would, if real, be Brazil’s Roswell incident. The local police response was that the young women saw “a citizen known as Mudinho, who probably has some mental disability and whose physical characteristics matched the description (…) make it likely that the hypothesis that this citizen, probably being dirty, due to the heavy rains and seen crouching by a wall, was mistaken by the three terrified girls as a space creature.” They say the military and emergency vehicles were actually there to be repaired, and the military claimed that the two ‘creatures’ were most likely an expectant local couple who were dwarfs.

A military witness to UFOs and a ‘shadow person’ at a U.S. Air Force nuclear base came forward this week. Are more military witnesses to UFOs and ETs revealing their stories now that the stigma and the consequences are diminishing? Will this encourage the Brazilian authorities to open the files on the Varginha UFO Incident?

We’ll see.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Any references to “top secret bases” instantly provokes imagery and thoughts of Nevada’s most famous place: Area 51. Utah has the Dugway Proving Ground. It’s a place that, for years, has been tied to rumors concerning UFOs and dead aliens. The U.K. has Porton Down, a highly protected base that also has UFO links attached to it. But, what about the bases that we’re not sure about? Do they really exist? That’s what today’s theme is all about. Let’s begin with the Dulce Base, an underground facility said to be buried deep below the town of Dulce, New Mexico. Back in the 1970s, Paul Bennewitz – who died in 2003, in Albuquerque, New Mexico – had his own company that stood adjacent to Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. Its name was Thunder Scientific. On occasion, Bennewitz had seen – late at night and in the early hours of the morning – strange, unidentified objects flying over Kirtland Air Force Base and the nearby, huge Manzano Mountains. They could have been early drone-like craft. But, for Bennewitz they were alien craft. In ingenious fashion – but from the perspective of Bennewitz, in terrible fashion – a plot was initiated to, in essence, give Bennewitz exactly what he wanted to hear.

(Nick Redfern)

At the grave of Paul Bennewitz

So, with that in mind, well-placed government agents, intelligence operatives, and experts in the fields of counterintelligence and disinformation, all fed Bennewitz fictitious tales of dangerous ETs, of thousands of people abducted and mind-controlled in slave-like fashion by the aliens, of terrible experiments undertaken on people held below the Dulce base, and of a looming confrontation between the human race and the deadly creatures from another galaxy. In other words, the Dulce Base probably does not really exist. On the other hand, UFOs, cattle mutilations, and black helicopters have all played “roles” in the story. Even the FBI took note of what was going on at Dulce. Moving on: how about what we might call a “little brother” to Area 51? Time and again, you’ll hear that whistleblower Bob Lazar briefly worked on retrieved UFOs at Area 51. We know Area 51 exists. We’re not sure about S-4 though. As for S-4, according to Lazar it was a massive facility; however, one would not know that if one were to fly over it. In fact, you would scarcely know if you were on the ground, either. Lazar explained that S-4 was actually built within the surrounding mountains, which had been carefully and massively hollowed out. It was within these reinforced, hollow areas that all of the work on the alien craft was undertaken. Nothing could be seen from the sky. Practically nothing could be seen on the ground. And, the whole facility was hidden in the mountains. We still don’t have the proof , though, that S-4 is the real deal.

Area 51 site map, as depicted in declassified CIA documents released via its CREST program

(Credit: CIA.gov/Wikimedia Commons).

How about a room that’s all blue? Well, that’s not quite correct. But, we are talking of something that is said to be called the Blue Room. So the story goes, it’s an underground building – possibly deep below Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. And what’s said to be stored in the Blue Room? Nothing less than the remains of dead aliens retrieved from crashed UFOs. One person who heard of the Blue Room was the late Senator Barry Goldwater. He had a fascination for the UFO issue, and, throughout his life and career, made more than a few notable comments and observations on the subject. The bulk of them revolved around his attempts to determine the truth about longstanding rumors that something of a UFO nature (and something of deep significance, too) was secretly held at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. On March 28, 1975, Goldwater wrote the following, highly thought-provoking, words to a UFO researcher named Shlomo Arnon: “The subject of UFOs is one that has interested me for some long time. About ten or twelve years ago I made an effort to find out what was in the building at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base where the information is stored that has been collected by the Air Force, and I was understandably denied this request. It is still classified above Top Secret.”

(Nick Redfern)

Looks like they had all been partying hard the night before

Could there be a secret base on the far side of the Moon? That’s right: I’m going to tell you the intriguing story of Project Horizon. It fell under the auspices of the U.S. Army, and had its origins in the latter part of the 1950s. The plan was to take the first steps towards constructing an installation on the surface of the Moon by the mid-1960s. The goal was for the base to be armed with nuclear weapons and which could be used to decimate the Soviet Union if the United States was hit by a sneak attack and the infrastructure of the nation was significantly destroyed. After much preliminary discussion, it was in late March 1959 that the ambitious program was finally put into place. Overseeing many of the plans to create the secret base was Lieutenant General Arthur G. Trudeau. At the time, Trudeau was the Army’s Chief of Research and Development. Now-declassified files on Project Horizon demonstrate that Trudeau and his team estimated it would cost approximately $6 Billion to design, build and fully equip a base on the Moon.

In a document titled “Project Horizon: A U.S. Army Study for the Establishment of a Lunar Military Post,” Trudeau wrote the following words: “There is a requirement for a manned military outpost on the Moon. The lunar outpost is required to develop and protect potential United States interests on the Moon; to develop techniques in Moon-based surveillance of the Earth and space, in communications relay, and in operations on the surface of the Moon, for further exploration into space and for military operations on the Moon if required; and to support scientific investigations on the Moon.” Although Project Horizon was scuttled, there are rumors suggesting that, yes, there are bases on the far side of our Moon. I say: show me the hard evidence and then I’ll be satisfied.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

On January 7, 1948, 25-year-old Captain Thomas F. Mantell, a Kentucky Air National Guard pilot, died in the crash of his P-51 Mustang fighter plane near Franklin, Kentucky, United States, after being sent in pursuit of an unidentified flying object (UFO). The event was among the most publicized early UFO incidents. 

Later investigation by the United States Air Force's Project Blue Book indicated that Mantell may have died chasing a Skyhook balloon, which in 1948 was a top-secret project that he would not have known about.

Mantell pursued the object in a steep climb and disregarded suggestions to level his altitude. At high altitude he blacked out from a lack of oxygen; his plane went into a downward spiral and crashed. 

While many will write this mystery off as having been solved, WartimeStories cannot come to that conclusion. he therefore will leave it to you, the listener, to decide for yourself what to believe after hearing the individual eyewitness accounts, those of various military personnel, regarding the strange unidentified flying objects they saw on January 7, 1948, from no less than three military bases in Kentucky and Ohio.

  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }