Perplexed Soldiers Film Disc-Shaped UFO Hovering Over Ukraine: ‘Why Isn’t It Moving?’

BY DOUGLAS CHARLES

Soldiers in Ukraine recently captured a disc-shaped UFO on video hovering in the sky, leaving them completely perplexed as to what they had just witnessed.

While doing some a reconnaissance with one of their thermal imaging quadcopter drones, the soldiers of the 406th Battalion in the Ukraine Armed Forces (UAF) spotted something they didn’t recognize.

“What the f— is this? Why isn’t it moving?” one of the soldiers can be heard saying in Ukrainian.

In 2022, astronomers in Ukraine reported seeing dozens of “phantom” UFOs that they claimed “cannot be scientifically identified.” Was this one of those?

“I’m telling you, it’s a UFO, for sure,” a soldier can be heard saying. “It’s standing still. Zoom in more, it’s standing still. Do you see?”

Strange UFOs have been seen witnessed all over the region around Russia and Ukraine over the past year.

In April of 2023, a UFO spotted near a Russian power plant ended up being “monitored” by military officials.

That same month, an unexplained blinding flash of light over Kyiv sparked UFO and alien concerns.

Last January, Russia claimed local military forces shot down another mysterious UFO over the village of Sultan Sala in the Myasnikovsky district. A Telegram channel even published a video showing a shiny object flying in the sky then exploding in the sky.

 { https://brobible.com/ }

Satellite snaps eerily circular holes in the clouds above Florida. What caused them?

There are two types of clouds in the new photos: cavum clouds, which are large, circular holes; and canal clouds, which have a more oblong shape. Both types most commonly occur in altocumulus clouds — supercooled bands of water vapor that float in the sky between 7,000 and 18,000 feet (2,100 and 5,500 meters) above the surface, much higher than most rain clouds. 

Altocumulus clouds can be as cold as around 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius) without their water droplets freezing. This is because there are fewer small particles, such as dust and pollen, at that altitude, which are needed for ice crystals to form in the air. 

However, when air moves around the wings or past the propellers of airplanes, it can further cool the surrounding water vapor by as much as 36 F (20 C). At these extremely low temperatures, the droplets freeze even without particles to form around and begin to fall below the holes, creating wispy strands of cloud, known as virga. 

These wispy clouds often hang below the holes they fell from and can be seen at the heart of the misty voids when viewed from above.

Related: 

• What happens if you skydive through a cloud?

The holes in the new image were all created by planes taking off from Miami International Airport, according to the Earth Observatory.

Cavum and canal clouds can also form naturally when specific regions of the atmosphere cool down, but this is rare.   

Scientists only discovered what was causing the more frequent artificially created holes within the last 15 years. In a 2011 study, researchers used satellite images and flight data to prove that planes were responsible.

The study also showed that the angle at which planes rise and descend through the clouds affects which type of hole will appear: A steep angle will create the more circular cavum clouds, while a more shallow angle will create stretched canal clouds.  

Cavum and canal clouds normally last around one hour before they close up, but their lifespan can be impacted by other factors such as temperature, cloud density and wind speeds, the study found.

The holes pose no threat to people on the ground but they can slightly increase the amount of precipitation that occurs in the areas surrounding airports, the study showed.

{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

UFO hotspots revealed in analysis of 100,000 sightings

By Michael Irving

One of the most famous photographs of an alleged UFO – though this one has been thoroughly debunked

National Archives, Records of Headquarters US Air Force

Us are having a bit of a renaissance lately, moving beyond the tinfoil-hatted crowd and into the realm of serious government investigation. Now a study has analyzed the geography of almost 100,000 sightings and found a few clues about how they cluster.

Although humans have been spotting weird stuff in the sky for millennia, the modern UFO craze really took off in the mid-20th century. Arguably, pilot Kenneth Arnold started it all in 1947 with his claim of seeing several “saucer-like aircraft” in formation, which birthed the term flying saucers. Just a few weeks later, the infamous Roswell incident occurred and pop culture never recovered.

For decades, the topic of UFOs was relegated to red twine-covered pinboards of aspiring Fox Mulders, but in the last decade it seems the public – and importantly, the US government – has started taking them seriously. In 2017 the New York Times released three videos captured by US Navy fighter jets showing strange objects zipping around the skies in ways that known aircraft couldn’t handle.

The Pentagon later confirmed their authenticity, with the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) producing an official report on the subject. Distancing themselves from the baggage that comes with the term “UFOs,” the government rebranded the mystery as “Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena” or UAPs. That A originally stood for “Aerial,” until it became apparent that a bunch of these things also seemed to be haunting the oceans. In 2022, Congress held hearings based on that report, while NASA also set up a program to investigate the mystery.

Watch the Pentagon's three declassified UFO videos taken by U.S. Navy pilots

Still, there hasn’t been much academic research into UAPs/UFOs. So, scientists from the University of Utah investigated the geography of around 98,000 reported sightings in the US between 2001 and 2020, to get a sense of where they clustered and their environmental context.

For the former, they calculated the number of sightings per 10,000 people per county, producing a heat map of high and low numbers of reports across the mainland United States. They found that the western third of the country was surprisingly hot, while the southeast was a notable cold spot.

For the environmental context, the team focused on two main conditions for each location: the sky view potential, which includes light pollution, cloud cover and tree canopy cover; and the potential to see physical objects in the sky, meaning how close the areas are to airports and military bases.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, people were more likely to see UAPs in places where they had clearer views of the sky, and were close to places with lots of aircraft. The western part of the country’s geography, with wide-open spaces and dark skies, as well as its facilities, seemed to line up with it being such a hotspot.

“The West has a historical relationship to UAP – Area 51 in Nevada, Roswell in New Mexico and here in Utah we have Skinwalker Ranch in the Uinta Basin and military activity in the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground,” said Richard Medina, lead author of the study. “Plus, there’s a robust outdoor community that recreates in public lands year-round. People are out and looking skyward.”

The team says that the correlation between object potential suggested that people were often seeing actual objects in the sky – they were just not understanding what they are. Possible explanations could be regular old planes, drones, military aircraft, balloons, satellites, spacecraft launches, or even unconventional vehicles like eVTOLs. Aliens, of course, are pretty far down the list.

The researchers say that next, they plan to investigate whether reports are timed to certain events. Did they spike after The X-Files became big, for example, or when the UAP hearing was broadcast, or straight after a SpaceX launch?

Studying these reports with actual scientific processes could help sort out the data and identify what people are really seeing, narrowing down to the very few that can’t be explained easily.

• The research was published in the journal Scientific Reports.

Source: 

• University of Utah

MORE STORIES

• 

SCIENCE

Lightning maps show where 36.8 million strikes sizzle the US each year

• 

ENERGY

Seawater plant will capture 10 tons of CO2 and make 300 kg of H2 per day

{ https://newatlas.com/ }

America's UFO hotspots revealed in new map that shows nearly 100,000 sightings spanning two decades ... is YOUR hometown in the 'red zone?'

• Statistical proof of a 'historical relationship' between UFOs and America's West
• The new study used UFO reporting data spanning 20-years from 2001 to 2020 
• READ MORE: Bizarre footage shows several UFOs hovering above Philadelphia

By MATTHEW PHELAN SENIOR SCIENCE REPORTER FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

The first step toward identifying what unidentified flying objects (UFOs) actually are might just be mapping where these enigmas are most sighted, a new study says.

Geographers with the University of Utah — working with the Pentagon's recently retired UFO chief Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick — analyzed roughly 98,000 total UFO reports spanning a 20-year period across the 21st Century, from 2001 to 2020.

The researchers aggressively cross-referenced the data by local population density, light pollution levels, annual cloud cover, 'tree canopy' cover, proximity to airports and military bases and a host of other factors that effect the number UFO sightings.

What they found was statistical proof of the long assumed 'historical relationship' between UFOs and the American West. 

Their study's county-by-county assessment turned up hot spots or 'red zones' most often just east of the Rockies or off toward the Pacific Ocean — but also a few odd outliers, including Georgetown county, South Carolina and Union, Kentucky.

Geographers with the University of Utah analyzed roughly 98,000 total UFO reports spanning a 20-year period across the 21st Century, from 2001 to 2020

The researchers aggressively cross-referenced the data by local population density, light pollution levels, annual cloud cover, 'tree canopy' cover, proximity to airports and military bases and a host of other factors that effect the number UFO sightings'

'The West has a historical relationship to UAP — Area 51 in Nevada, Roswell in New Mexico,' the study's lead author, Richard Medina, said in a statement.

'And here in Utah we have Skinwalker Ranch in the Uinta Basin and military activity in the US Army Dugway Proving Ground,' Medina, an associate professor of geography at the University of Utah, noted.

'Plus, there's a robust outdoor community that recreates in public lands year-round. People are out and looking skyward.'

While these explanations held true for the deep 'red' hotspots that covered almost all of Nevada and New Mexico, the study's authors were more perplexed about the equally deep red counties across Oregon and Washington state.

These rainy and 'relatively clouded' Pacific northwestern states, they noted, are more known for being blanketed in fog than for being prime sky-watching regions.  

'There are also some isolated counties throughout the rest of the country that warrant further investigation,' as they wrote in the journal Scientific Reports, 'to identify what properties may generate relatively more UAP [i.e. UFO] attention.'

Counties in Maine, Vermont, Indiana, Arkansas and Nebraska were some of the more inexplicable hot spots the team's analysis identified.  

The West has a historical relationship to UAP — Area 51 in Nevada , Roswell in New Mexico ,' the study's lead author, Richard Medina, said in a statement

To break their sighting study down by county, Median and his co-authors focused on two main criteria to compare with the UFO sighting reports.

READ MORE: 

• 'UFO' reported over China with 'three light sources' that moved quickly without emitting any sound - and witnesses say it was not an aircraft 

Chinese social media platforms were flooded with images and videos of a UFO that appeared over Beijing and surrounding towns. People said it looked like a 'misty ball of light' hat moved from west to east without emitting any sound. One person shared on Weibo that the weather was clear in Beijing when they witnessed 'a glowing object looming' and determined it was not an aircraft because there were no flashing lights. 

First they compared the sighting statistics, obtained from the civilian National UFO Research Center, with a metric they called 'sky view potential,' an amalgam of data on how physically likely it would be to spot anything interesting in the nearby skies.

To assess each county's 'sky view potential,' they pooled together data on each area's light pollution, cloud cover and tree canopy cover — as well as the chances that odd or frequent objects would be in the sky from nearby airports and military bases.

'The idea is that if you have a chance to see something, then it's more likely that you're going to see unexplained phenomena in the sky,' Medina said.

'There's more technology in the sky than ever before so the question is: What are people actually seeing? It's a tough question to answer, and it is an important one because any uncertainty can be a potential threat to national security.'

The geographers attributed the West's higher percentage of sightings to the desert southwest's wide-open natural spaces and rural dark skies, unmolested by big city lights or industrial smog.

They found that the major UFO case hotspots showed a noticeable relationship to local air traffic and military installation activity, a clue that could indicated witnesses are often seeing genuine terrestrial objects that they simply did not recognize.

The team hopes that this geographic analysis will help government agencies better separate truly anomalous events in the skies from routine flights, and thus help uncover any legitimate security threat.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

‘This thing just popped up in front of me – silver, cigar-shaped, about 45ft long’: Meet the locals who say UFO sightings in their sleepy Welsh village are proof we're not alone 

By TOM LEONARD

The ‘visitors’ first appeared in a field behind the local primary school. It was a drizzly Friday in February 1977, but most of the children in the small Welsh seaside village of Broad Haven were still enjoying their lunchtime break outdoors.

David Davies, a ten-year-old bookworm, was reading inside the classroom when the other children came in talking breathlessly about seeing a flying saucer moving in the trees beyond their playground.

Of course, David knew that was all Hollywood B-movie nonsense - but he couldn’t resist going to have a look for himself when school finished.

‘From behind some trees this thing popped up in front of me - silver, cigar-shaped, about 45ft long,’ the 57-year-old recalls today.

‘This thought just came into my mind that I had to run away.’

He sprinted home and told his mother. ‘You know what mothers are like - they can tell when you’re lying. And she was absolutely convinced that what I was saying was the truth,’ he says.

Among the witnesses of UFO activity in Broad Haven village were schoolchildren who all drew similar pictures of a craft said to have landed near their school

The Netflix documentary is co-produced by Steven Spielberg, whose  UFO feature film Close Encounters of the Third Kind came out just a few months after the Broad Haven affair

Another former pupil now in his 50s, Shaun Garrison, can also remember that day vividly. ‘I did go home and tell my mum and dad and they weren’t judgmental in any way. They believed me and believed that what I saw, I believed.’

A handful of the interviewees said they also saw a silver-suited occupant of the craft. ‘Somebody walking near it, to the right-hand side of it,’ says one, David George, today.

Though many dismissed the accounts as the product of children’s lively imaginations, this was only the beginning of a plethora of strange sightings and terrifying encounters that would make Broad Haven internationally famous and the epicentre of the largest mass UFO sighting in British history.

The following month, the owner of a local hotel insisted she’d seen an ‘upside-down saucer’ hovering in a nearby field and two long-limbed but featureless humanoid creatures briefly emerging from it. Local farmers described similarly inexplicable phenomena, including mysterious moving lights, a giant silver-suited figure with no face and a herd of cows seemingly teleported into another farm.

This village on the Pembrokeshire coast has been revisited, not by aliens but by Hollywood mogul Steven Spielberg for a TV documentary series.

The so-called ‘Broad Haven Triangle’ is one of four alleged UFO mass sightings investigated in the Netflix series, Encounters, which have puzzled experts, infuriated sceptics and stiffened the resolve of those who believe in extraterrestrial visitations.

Spielberg, whose spectacular UFO feature film, Close Encounters Of The Third Kind, came out just a few months after the Broad Haven sightings, co-produced the series through his TV arm, Amblin Television.

The other cases investigated in the series include 1994 claims by some 62 pupils at a private school in Ruwa, Zimbabwe, that they saw a spaceship and strange humanoid figures; reports by 300 people of fast-moving lights and objects in the sky above the Texas town of Stephenville in 2008; and similar sights reportedly witnessed by hundreds of Japanese people in the days leading up to and after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear-plant disaster.

A drawing of the UFO seen by schoolchildren in Broad Haven in 1977

Like these other cases, the Broad Haven episode wasn’t attested to by just one or two witnesses. In fact, 450 people in the area reported seeing UFOs in the weeks and months that followed.

Of course, Spielberg made two other feature films about visiting aliens: 1982’s ET and War Of The Worlds in 2005. He has previously revealed that he not only believes aliens exist - describing it as ‘mathematically impossible that we are the only intelligent species in the cosmos’ - but also believes the US government is hiding information from us all about them.

And there are plenty of people who agree with him - including in Congress and even the US military. Indeed, the new documentary series couldn’t be better timed for inviting sceptical viewers to reconsider the divisive issue of extraterrestrial visitors.

After decades in which Washington - like other Western governments - has airily dismissed reports of UFO sightings and alien encounters, a string of US government officials and whistleblowers have recently claimed that evidence to the contrary is being hidden.

A sign depicts an alien spaceship landing in Broad Haven 

Public and media opinion tended to be equally sceptical and UFO-spotters in Broad Haven (pictured) were variously dismissed as shameless attention-seekers

The CIA claimed it stopped investigating UFOs in 1952, a lie that wasn’t exposed until 1979.

Congress is now pressing the Biden administration to reveal everything it knows on the matter. And polls show more than half of British people also believe the UK government is withholding intelligence about the existence of UFOs and aliens.

Six years ago, it was revealed that former US senator Harry Reid had obtained $22million in defence funding to investigate UFOs. And in 2020, the Pentagon confirmed that three declassified videos of US Navy fighter pilots encountering what would appear to be extraordinarily fast and manoeuvrable UFOs on training missions over the Pacific were legitimate and depicted ‘unexplained aerial phenomena’ (UAPs).

If, as experts believe, these mysterious objects are beyond the technological ability of China, Russia or indeed the US, where do they come from? And how long have we been ignoring other UAPs?

‘We’re in a difficult state of ignorance,’ Dr Kevin Knuth, an astrophysicist and former Nasa research scientist, tells Encounters. ‘We don’t know what they are, we don’t know what their intentions are.’

While he admits there could be explanations other than extraterrestrial life, Knuth says that official quashing of UFO claims since the 1940s has unhelpfully discouraged serious research.

Certainly, the UK government didn’t spend much time investigating what happened at Broad Haven. An RAF officer was sent to talk to alleged witnesses and uncover whether they had instead mistaken aircraft from nearby RAF Brawdy, a theory that was later disproved. He then facetiously reported back to the Ministry of Defence that, should an alien craft indeed arrive at the airbase, ‘we will charge normal landing fees and inform you immediately’.

Public and media opinion tended to be equally sceptical and Broad Haven’s UFO-spotters were variously dismissed as shameless attention-seekers, hoaxers or deluded victims of mass hysteria.

However, the ‘witnesses’ have stuck defiantly to what they said they saw.

Francine Granville tells the documentary how a few weeks after the school incident, her mother Rose claimed she’d seen two featureless figures with pointed heads emerge from a flying saucer in a field outside the hotel they owned in Broad Haven. Worried they were after her chickens kept in a shed nearby, she shouted ‘What do you want?’. She describes feeling the heat blast from the ship as it took off hastily after her intervention.

Francine Granville tells the documentary her mother claimed she’d seen two featureless figures with pointed heads emerge from a flying saucer 

The other cases investigated in the series include 1994 claims by some 62 pupils at a private school in Ruwa, Zimbabwe, that they saw a spaceship and strange humanoid figures

Granville claims that she and her mother had a second sighting one afternoon soon afterwards when they noticed a silver disc in the sky that seemed to pulsate orange light before appearing to sink into the sea. But neighbours who said they saw the same thing insisted it sank into a small island off shore.

Those neighbours were local farmers called Billy and Pauline Coombs, and they had their own astonishing stories to tell about the area’s ‘visitors’.

Their nephew Mark Marston, a child at the time, recalls seeing a glowing ‘upside-down saucer’ on a nearby hill at dusk. He even shows the hedge, still there, from which a terrifying creature - 7ft tall and wearing a silver suit topped with what looked like a motorbike visor - emerged and started walking towards him. When his father investigated the spot the following day, Marston says, he found a single ‘massive footprint’ in the mud, too big to belong to a human.

One evening a few weeks later, the Coombs claimed they saw the same sort of figure looming outside their front windows as they watched TV one evening. A police officer who responded to their call would later tell the BBC he’d never come across such a frightened family.

On another occasion, Mrs Coombs reported that a glowing football-shaped object followed her car down a rural road, somehow stalling her engine.

Her husband, meanwhile, told police that after locking up his 120 dairy cattle one night, he was called soon afterwards by a neighbouring farmer asking why the herd had suddenly turned up in his yard.

UFO researcher David Clarke, who investigated Broad Haven at the time and notes that Wales is a land with a strong tradition of folk tales about mischievous fairies, observes that teleporting a herd of cattle ‘is exactly the sort of trick the Welsh faeries used to play’.

It’s also the sort of trick hoaxers might play. And in fact, the silver-suited figure, at least, may well have been local businessman Glyn Edwards who in 1996 claimed he had bought a silver firefighters suit (which were used at the nearby oil refinery at Milford Haven) and walked around the area in 1977 as a prank. But, as investigators note, the silver suit appearances came after a lot of the UFO sightings.

Meanwhile, ex-Nasa scientist Knuth isn’t surprised to hear the UFO may have disappeared into the sea. He tells the programme that UFOs are frequently spotted flying over water, going into it or coming out of it.

And if they really do come from a far-off planet, this would make sense, he says. For while that planet might be far hotter than Earth, the temperature underwater would be far more constant. So aliens could be going from an ocean on one planet to an ocean on another. ‘It would be very easy to just hang out in our oceans,’ he says.

Contrary to the popular perception that ‘witnesses’ say they’ve seen a UFO to get attention, those who made those claims at Broad Haven insist the episode has amounted to a huge burden on their lives. The Coombs farming family stopped talking about it completely, even among themselves, says their nephew.

Dave Davies, whose eloquence made him a popular choice for TV crews seeking an interview with one of the ten-year-olds, says he was bullied horrendously when he went to secondary school by boys demanding he admit he’d lied. Indeed, when he appeared on the ITV children’s programme Magpie (to once more discuss what he saw) in 1978, he was nursing a visible black eye that classmates had spitefully given him when they knew he was going in front of the cameras.

‘We’ve been ridiculed by a lot of people, and when you’re growing up, you don’t want people to think you’re some sort of lunatic,’ says David George, one of the Broad Haven school pupils who still insists he saw a UFO. ‘I’m not embarrassed or ashamed to say that I saw something 45 years ago that I can’t explain. And to this day I still can’t.’

His latest foray in front of the cameras doesn’t answer that question either - there’s still nothing like definitive evidence of alien visitors. But the old certainties that anyone who claims to have seen a UFO must either be deranged or lying are waning. Just ask a US congressman.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Wisconsin UFO sighting: Mysterious Lights Over Fond du Lac: A Close Encounter?

In the early hours of February 25, 2024, the quiet skies of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, became the stage for an eerie spectacle that left witnesses in awe and disbelief. A video captured from a moving car reveals an astonishing sight: a series of unexplained lights hovering silently in the night sky. This latest addition to the annals of UFO sightings has sparked intense interest and speculation among enthusiasts and skeptics alike.

A Night Drive Turned Extraordinary

The encounter occurred at approximately 2 a.m. as travelers were making their way through the serene landscapes of Fond du Lac. What was expected to be a routine journey quickly turned into an extraordinary event that could rival scenes from the most imaginative science fiction movies. The witness, still reeling from the shock, described the experience: “I freaked out omg 😳 that’s why I hate travelling at night. It reminded me of that movie called ‘Fire in the Sky’… we did stop though, then it vanished.“

The Enigma in the Skies

The video showcases a series of bright, stationary lights that appear to defy conventional explanation. Unlike aircraft or drones, which are typically accompanied by sound or movement, these lights remained perfectly still, casting an otherworldly glow against the dark canvas of the night. The sudden disappearance of the lights, as noted by the witness, only deepens the mystery.

The UFO Phenomenon in Fond du Lac

This sighting in Fond du Lac contributes to the growing body of UFO sightings worldwide. Each account, including this latest one, fuels the debate over the nature of these unidentified objects. Are they secret military technology, natural atmospheric phenomena, or evidence of extraterrestrial visitors? The absence of a definitive explanation keeps the mystery alive and the conversation going.

What Does This Mean for UFO Enthusiasts?

For enthusiasts and researchers dedicated to unraveling the mystery of UFO sightings, the Fond du Lac event offers a fresh piece of the puzzle. It is a reminder that the skies above us hold secrets yet to be understood and that the quest for answers is far from over. This sighting, like many before it, encourages both the scientific community and the public to keep looking up, questioning, and exploring the unknown.

VIDEO:

• https://youtu.be/OqF_HbSVAbQ

As we continue to analyze and debate the significance of this sighting, we invite you to watch the video and share your thoughts. What do you think these mysterious lights were? Have you experienced a similar sighting? The skies over Fond du Lac have given us a fascinating enigma, and together, we might inch closer to uncovering the truth behind these enigmatic visitors.

Whether you’re a seasoned UFO researcher or simply a curious observer, this sighting is a compelling addition to the ongoing narrative of unexplained aerial phenomena. As we search for answers, let’s keep our minds open to all possibilities. After all, the truth is out there, and it might be closer than we think.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

DART Made a Surprisingly Big Impact on Dimorphos

Hera is a European Space Agency mission due for launch in October 2024 and arrive in 2026. Its purpose is to survey the Didymos binary asteroid system following the DART impact. Hera will measure the mass accurately but will also attempt to measure the recoil from material ejected out into space. We already have some information from the Italian LICIACube, images from James Webb and Hubble show a plume of debris that extended 10,000 km into space. 

While we wait for Hera to arrive, research teams have been simulating the DART impact using the Bern Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics impact code (SPH). It was developed at the University of Bern and was designed to model the break up of rocky bodies from collisions. It’s a fascinating tool that converts colliding bodies into millions of individual particles whose behaviours are informed by the laws of physics. This isn’t just some whimsical game though, the software has been used already to reproduce the impact of Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft with the asteroid Ryugu.

The simulation is very timely taking about a week and a half to run a simulation. In total, despite the slow processing, around 250 simulations were run. Asteroid parameters that were known were used in the simulation with others being varied where the information was not well known. The team then looked at which outcome most closely matched observation. 

Running these simulations for Dimorphos revealed an asteroid that is largely a weak pile of rubble held together by a weak gravitational field rather than general cohesive strength. To understand cohesion, imagine the difference between a ‘poured’ pile of sand or flour.  The flour would form a taller cone shape (high cohesivity) whereas the sand would be a flatter pile (low cohesivity).  It is believed that the impact site would have formed a crater but the crater would likely have grown to encompass a good proportion of the asteroid, and the low gravity and cohesivity is likely to have reshaped the asteroid. 

The data suggests that 1% of the entire mass of Dimorphos was ejected into space by the impact and that 8% of the mass was likely to have been shifted around its body. All of this is from simulations but we won’t know for sure just what impact DART had on Dimorphus, not until Hera arrives in two years time. 

Source :

• DART impact might have reshaped Hera’s target asteroid

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

An AI Simulated Interactions Between Different Kinds of Advanced Civilizations

The possibility for life beyond the Earth has captivated us for hundreds of years. It has been on the mind of science fiction writers too as our imaginations have explored the myriad possibilities of extraterrestrial life. But what would it really be like if/when we finally meet one; would it lead to war or peace? Researchers have used a complex language model to simulate the first conversations with civilisations from pacifists to militarists and the outcomes revealed interesting challenges.

The first radio transmissions were made in 1895 and since then the signals, however weak have been leaking out into space. The first intentional transmission out into space was the Arecibo message of 1974 that was sent toward the globular cluster M13 22,180 light years away. That means the signal won’t arrive there for about another 22,131 years! During this time of course, all the signals have been leaking out but the further they travel, the weaker they get. Its likely then that any signals out to a distance of about 100 light years is likely to be so weak as to not be detectable. 

The Arecibo Radio Telescope Credit: UCF

It would be so easy to be dragged into other areas of debate about aliens but it feels useful to set the scene of how difficult it will be to make contact or rather, how likely it may be. Assume then, that in some way, we do find ourselves making communication with an alien civilisation. Just how that conversation goes has been modelled by a team led by Mingyu Jin from Northwestern University.  

The team used a new artificial intelligence framework known as CosmoAgent to simulate the interaction based upon the unique Large Language Model (LLM). The system uses a Multi-Agent System to enable modelling among a diverse range of civilisations. The civilisations have the ability to choose their own character traits from hiding, fighting or collaborating. This dynamic environment allows for a plethora of outcomes from alliances forming, adherence to rules to rivalries to how a civilisation might respond to an unforeseen event. 

Diversity and conditions for life were also inherent in the modelling using transition matrices to analyse how civilisations might grow and change over time. This natural progression of an intelligent life form would inevitably mean ethics, morals, beliefs and sciences would develop along a varied path. These different frameworks would hugely effect just how such a civilisation might respond to alien contact. 

There are limitations to the research though, largely from an Earth-centric bias developing the language model. The use of mathematics and algorithms to compute responses and outcomes may not cover the full spectrum of inter-civilisation responses. After all, we cannot even distill our own emotional responses down to a set of algorithms. Add in a speculative set of principles of an alien civilisation, of which, we have no evidence or experience to draw upon.

It is hoped that future research can address these obstacles and develop better models of inter-civilisational interaction. Taking into account a broader range of ethical paradigms and decision making processes to provide a more realistic simulation of just how first contact may just play out. 

Source : 

• What if LLMs Have Different World Views: Simulating Alien Civilizations with LLM-based Agents

{ https://www.universet.comoday/ }

An AI Simulated Interactions Between Different Kinds of Advanced Civilizations

The possibility for life beyond the Earth has captivated us for hundreds of years. It has been on the mind of science fiction writers too as our imaginations have explored the myriad possibilities of extraterrestrial life. But what would it really be like if/when we finally meet one; would it lead to war or peace? Researchers have used a complex language model to simulate the first conversations with civilisations from pacifists to militarists and the outcomes revealed interesting challenges.

The first radio transmissions were made in 1895 and since then the signals, however weak have been leaking out into space. The first intentional transmission out into space was the Arecibo message of 1974 that was sent toward the globular cluster M13 22,180 light years away. That means the signal won’t arrive there for about another 22,131 years! During this time of course, all the signals have been leaking out but the further they travel, the weaker they get. Its likely then that any signals out to a distance of about 100 light years is likely to be so weak as to not be detectable. 

The Arecibo Radio Telescope Credit: UCF

It would be so easy to be dragged into other areas of debate about aliens but it feels useful to set the scene of how difficult it will be to make contact or rather, how likely it may be. Assume then, that in some way, we do find ourselves making communication with an alien civilisation. Just how that conversation goes has been modelled by a team led by Mingyu Jin from Northwestern University.  

The team used a new artificial intelligence framework known as CosmoAgent to simulate the interaction based upon the unique Large Language Model (LLM). The system uses a Multi-Agent System to enable modelling among a diverse range of civilisations. The civilisations have the ability to choose their own character traits from hiding, fighting or collaborating. This dynamic environment allows for a plethora of outcomes from alliances forming, adherence to rules to rivalries to how a civilisation might respond to an unforeseen event. 

Diversity and conditions for life were also inherent in the modelling using transition matrices to analyse how civilisations might grow and change over time. This natural progression of an intelligent life form would inevitably mean ethics, morals, beliefs and sciences would develop along a varied path. These different frameworks would hugely effect just how such a civilisation might respond to alien contact. 

There are limitations to the research though, largely from an Earth-centric bias developing the language model. The use of mathematics and algorithms to compute responses and outcomes may not cover the full spectrum of inter-civilisation responses. After all, we cannot even distill our own emotional responses down to a set of algorithms. Add in a speculative set of principles of an alien civilisation, of which, we have no evidence or experience to draw upon.

It is hoped that future research can address these obstacles and develop better models of inter-civilisational interaction. Taking into account a broader range of ethical paradigms and decision making processes to provide a more realistic simulation of just how first contact may just play out. 

Source : 

• What if LLMs Have Different World Views: Simulating Alien Civilizations with LLM-based Agents

Watch the Varda Capsule’s Entire Fiery Atmospheric Re-Entry

On X, Varda said reentry speeds reached Mach 25.

W-1 was part of a Rocket Lab Photon spacecraft launched in June 2023 on SpaceX’s Transporter-8 rideshare mission (NASA’s CAPSTONE mission also launched on this flight.). Varda used the spacecraft to test their in-space manufacturing technologies. Inside the capsule, the company was able to produce crystals of a drug called ritonavir, an antiviral drug grown in the microgravity LEO environment that can be used to treat HIV and hepatitis C.  The company’s goal is to develop the infrastructure to make LEO more accessible to commercial industries.  

“We manufacture pharmaceuticals in space,” said Varda CEO Will Bruey in an interview on Marketplace. “Removing gravity allows us to make medicines you otherwise couldn’t on Earth. Gravity is kind of like a parameter. If you put a temperature knob on an oven, you create a whole world of new recipes and new food you can create. Similarly, if you can change gravity, you can also change the chemical process for drug formulations.”

W-1 spent eight months integrated with a Rocket Lab Photon spacecraft (the upper stage of the Electron rocket) that provided the capsule with power, propulsion, and navigation.

“This mission was a phenomenal feat and impressive display of teamwork between the Rocket Lab and Varda teams to develop a unique and highly capable spacecraft, successfully demonstrate in-space manufacturing and bring back the capsule and finished pharmaceutical product – all on the first attempt,” said Rocketlab CEO Peter Beck in a company press release. “The success of this reentry mission will also inform our work on developing a reentry capsule for Neutron to potentially enable human spaceflight missions.”

Varda transported the capsule to its California headquarters for a complete check-out, and sent the ritonavir samples on board to a pharmaceutical company, Improved Pharma, for analysis. Varda said it will also share data from the reentry itself with NASA and the Air Force under a contract with those agencies.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Bill Tompkins: Draco Aliens Helped Nazis To Destroy Humans, Nordics Helped US To Start Apollo Program

William Tompkins (1923-2017) was one of the most secretive scientists in the United States. Tompkins first designed sea ships and then spaceships. In July 2017, at a press conference, he made an unprecedented statement. He worked for the Douglas Aircraft Company with aliens. It was 4-7 years before NASA appeared. Two years before the interview, he wrote a book about working together with an alien civilization, shocking the world. Journalists hunted for the engineer, demanding to talk about the role of alien intelligence in a secret space program.

In addition to these statements, Tompkins claimed that during World War II, the Nazis received technology from aliens, due to which they were able to build huge underground factories in Antarctica. Thousands of workers were taken there and in these factories, they made flying saucers.

Tompkins said that the alien civilization known as “Draco” transferred those technologies to Germany. They built spaceships in Germany and trained the Germans during the war. Draco planned to eliminate humans on Earth. At first glance, all his statements are fantastic. However several facts suggest that Antarctica is still hiding some terrible secret.

In 1947, American naval officer Admiral Richard Byrd, together with a squadron of 13 warships, sailed to Antarctica. And the reason for the expedition was the secret documents found in the archives of the Nazi Navy General Staff.

According to them, starting from 1938, under the ice of Antarctica, the Germans settled a new land, Swabia. A huge transport ship was built to deliver goods there. Dozens of submarines were involved in the operation, and highly qualified specialists were sent to the base without the right to return.

In 1945, after the defeat of Hitler, US intelligence officers discovered several documents. They confirmed that Germany was indeed exploring the under-ice space of Antarctica.

Read also:

• Stefan Michalak Alien Craft Encounter Is The Most Credible Documented UFO Case In Canada
• Mysterious Alien Woman Arrival On Brazilian Island & Beginning Of UFO Sightings In 1970s
• Aliens From Andromeda Told US Army Personnel That Humans Are Composite of 22 different E.T. races

After the war, the Americans landed in Antarctica and built an airfield. But instead of 6 months, their expedition lasted a couple of weeks. Admiral Byrd did not take seriously the warning about possible encounters with UFOs.

And when mysterious objects appeared in the sky, they opened fire on them. As a result, the squadron lost several submarines and several escort ships. Half of the planes were shot down. And two aircraft carriers were forced to turn back.

After returning, all journals, diaries, records, and documents were seized and classified.

Over time, most of the German developments and German scientists ended up in the United States. In this case, the assumption is quite realistic that the Americans still managed to agree with the aliens, and the secret bases of the fascists in Antarctica at the end of the 40s came under US control.

Tompkins said that three aliens had landed in Las Vegas. He spent two weeks with them and then moved to Douglas. One girl was a specialist in engines, another was in charge of contacts with him. And there was also a guy that helped them. Because of this meeting, the Apollo program began.

American newspapers in the late 40s of the last century were full of information about UFO sightings. Byrd’s expedition was curtailed on March 3, 1947, and articles began to appear in the press as early as mid-May 1947, so this is an interesting coincidence.

According to Tompkins, two forces from different parts of the galaxy helped them. These aliens are collectively called “Nordics.”  He was personally present at the “Battle of Los Angeles (1942),” when a thousand rounds of ammo were fired at UFOs, and one of the Nordic craft may have selected him to be their rep in the evolving aerospace race.

But why is nothing visible in Antarctica from satellites? And here, the researchers made the assumption that these objects are hidden from the eyes of earthlings in a parallel world. A month after the shocking conference, Tompkins passed away unexpectedly on August 21, 2017, in San Diego, California, at the age of 94.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

Jim Sullivan, American Singer Who Wrote Cryptic Songs on UFOs & Aliens, Disappeared In New Mexico Desert & Never Found

The UAP enigma has fascinated individuals for decades. Many researchers have devoted their lives to the quest to solve the mystery of this strange phenomenon. Although there is no exact date when the UFO phenomenon started to impact the lives of normal citizens, some have found evidence of similar incidents happening in ancient times. There are not a lot of UFO cases where people vanish, but the disappearance of Jim Sullivan is often discussed by UFO enthusiasts because he wrote cryptic lyrics about UFOs and missing people before vanishing and never to be found.

Jim Sullivan disappeared in 1975. Some say he was abducted by aliens, killed by the mafia, lost in the desert, or started a new life. Regardless of the theory, no one knows for sure what happened to him. He was a singer-songwriter heading to Nashville and stayed at a motel in Santa Rosa. After buying a bottle of vodka, he vanished, and nobody has seen him since. His disappearance remains a mysterious and puzzling event in music history.

Born on August 14, 1939, Jim Sullivan was the seventh son in a family of Irish-American workers. During World War II, they moved to San Diego, California. He played the guitar and was also the quarterback for the football team in high school. He married and opened a bar with a friend, but the business failed. In 1968, he moved to Los Angeles with his wife Barbara and young son Chris.

Jim Sullivan has been missing for nearly 50 years. There are many theories online that speculate why he disappeared. Among those theories are homicide, lost memory, or a UFO abduction theory.

To understand Sullivan’s disappearance, let’s go back to 1961. During that year, in New Hampshire, there was a widespread report of Americans being taken by extraterrestrials. Barney and Betty Hill, on September 19, saw a bright object in the sky while driving back to Portsmouth from Niagara Falls. Betty thought it looked like a falling star, but it fell upward. The bright object followed them, and they eventually stopped their car. A pancake-shaped object hovered close to the ground, revealing humanoid figures who signaled them to stay put. After some beeps and clicks, the couple felt dazed, their watches stopped, and three hours seemed to vanish. This incident inspired The X-Files and The UFO Incident, creating a new genre of conspiracy theory.

Some argue that the Hills’ encounter with aliens was just a result of stress or marital problems, influenced by science fiction. However, their experience played a role in our cultural interest in alien abductions, inspiring books, movies, and songs. In the ’60s, non-novelty music acts started exploring cosmic themes.

In 1966, The Byrds sang about encounters with strangers who visit every night in a song called “Mr. Spaceman.” In 1969, Creedence Clearwater Revival sang about something coming from the sky in a song called “It Came From the Sky.” During the late 1960s, psychedelic rock started to focus on science fiction ideas. Pink Floyd named their second album “A Saucerful of Secrets,” evoking images of spinning spacecraft in the sky. David Bowie created a whole alien mythology with his song “Space Oddity.” In Jim Sullivan’s song “U.F.O.,” the aliens coming down from the sky might be seen as the second coming of Jesus Christ or the start of a completely different conspiracy theory.

Sullivan appeared as an extra in the ’60s classic road movie “Easy Rider,” where he became close friends with Dennis Hopper. He produced two albums. On his 1969 debut album, “U.F.O.,” he sang of beckoning highways, of aliens, of an Arizona ghost town, of a man who looked “so natural” in death that it was clearly his time to go. Six years later, the 35-year-old Sullivan disappeared in Santa Rosa, N.M. On the front seat of his recovered gray VW bug were his ID, his beloved 12-string Guild guitar, and a box of his two albums, “U.F.O.” and the 1972 LP “Jim Sullivan.”

The album didn’t perform well then, but it did attract a modern audience. Nevertheless, he pursued a musical career. In 1972, he released his second album, “Jim Sullivan.” He developed a drinking problem and began having marital issues. His second child was born in 1972. Trying to keep his music career alive, he made a decisive move in 1975. He planned to launch a successful music career in Nashville, Tennessee.

Sullivan packed up his VW Beetle on March 4, 1975, and left Los Angeles for Nashville. His wife and two children remained in Los Angeles. He said he would return for his family once he got settled in Nashville. After leaving Los Angeles, he stopped at a motel in Santa Rosa, New Mexico.

Barbara Sullivan’s notes on her husband’s disappearance.

Image Credit…via Jim Sullivan Estate

A New Mexico paper continued reporting on Sullivan’s disappearance.

According to reports, his key was left in the room, and he had not slept in his bed. It seems strange for him to rent a motel room and leave without staying in it. The next day, someone saw him at a ranch where his car was left abandoned. Sullivan was nowhere in sight. Sullivan had disappeared. Sullivan left money, paper, clothing, unsold records, and his guitar behind.

Read also:

• Ex-US Marine Saw Massive UFO Being Loaded With Weapons By Secret Military In Indonesia Jungle
• US Congressmen Claim Bible Has ‘Pretty Clear’ Evidence of UFOs: Vatican Knows Aliens Are Here

Sullivan’s disappearance is a big mystery in the music industry. He did not leave many clues about where he went or what he was doing. He checked into a motel but didn’t sleep there. Last, he was seen at a ranch 26 miles away, leaving his car with all his things. A body found nearby was thought to be Sullivan’s, but it wasn’t. No one knows what happened. Some think he was murdered or got lost and died in the desert. There’s a less plausible but still possible idea that he might have simply disappeared by choice. But there’s one theory that follows the lore surrounding Jim Sullivan after all this time, and you absolutely know where this is going: He was possibly abducted by aliens.

This song is the reason why people still believe in the UFO abduction behind Sullivan’s disappearance. Interestingly six years before he disappears, Sullivan released a song about aliens. He happened to go missing in New Mexico, the same state where the famous Roswell incident happened in 1947. That incident started suspicions about the government hiding information and having hangars full of UFOs for many years. However, the song “U.F.O.” is not really predicting the future; it’s more of a friendly and happy country-folk song about having visions of faith.

In the song “U.F.O.,” Sullivan talks about watching a strange show with a glassy eye and having a front-row seat to a dancing light in the sky. He doesn’t make fun of it or completely believe it. He observes with a casual “look at that” attitude. The song has a sense of wonder, with Sullivan quietly amazed, accompanied by strings and flutes that give it a unique, otherworldly feel similar to late ’60s folk psychedelia.

When you listen to “U.F.O.,” you can understand why some people find it appealing to connect the song to Jim Sullivan’s mysterious disappearance. It’s not necessarily likely, but it offers a comforting idea. In the song, he is fascinated by what he sees, and it gives off a positive vibe, suggesting that maybe the aliens are okay. The truth about Sullivan is probably less extraordinary but sadder – he probably died alone in the desert, a thought that most of us wouldn’t want to think about. Considering the circumstances, being part of an urban legend might be a preferable idea. Imagining Sullivan gazing at the incredible sight in the sky makes you smile, picturing him on some interstellar journey beyond our understanding.

His late wife Barbara was the last person to speak to him. He called her on March 5, 1975. It was clear something was on his mind. She asked if he was all right. He then told her, “You wouldn’t believe me if I told you.” He then told her to forget he said anything to her.

The mysterious nature of his disappearance is amplified by Jim Sullivan’s cryptic lyrics — on U.F.O., he talks about long highways, leaving his family behind, and being abducted by aliens in the desert. According to a friend of Jim’s, he would never venture anywhere without his guitar. Several friends, family members, and volunteers searched for him but found nothing. He left no clues about where he went. On his first album, he talks about driving along highways and being abducted by aliens. Have aliens abducted him? That’s what some people think.

Whatever became of singer Jim Sullivan? Did he just wander out into the desert? Could he have been murdered? His fate is unknown. His manager once asked him how he would disappear if he ever decided to do so. Sullivan said he would walk into the desert and never return. Interestingly enough, in 2010, NPR (National Public Radio) interviewed the founder of Light in the Attic Records, Matt Sullivan. According to Matt, he discovered Jim Sullivan’s music on a blog about obscure music. He has since re-released Jim Sullivan’s music and made it accessible to a new generation. (Source)

“With or without his disappearance, there’s something in those lyrics that is incredibly mysterious and eerie,” Matt Sullivan said. “One thing that one of Jim’s friends pointed out was that the guitar was left in the car. If Jim was going to disappear, that would have been the one thing that he would have taken, because wherever he was in the world, he could always stand on a street corner and make a few bucks playing his guitar.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

Ancient texts and archaeological findings offer compelling evidence of giants once roaming the earth, while some argue that there were no Nephilim or giants in Antarctica due to a lack of research.

It's not only conceivable that giants inhabited Antarctica before the continent separated from ancient Gondwana and shifted to its current polar position, rendering it inhospitable but that evidence by discoveries, such as giant bones and skulls, may have already been made but kept secret. 

By using Google Earth going back to satellite imagery from 2004 it shows a remarkable image what appears to be a giant skull. Moreover, the presence of what looks like a person photographing the skull and surrounding tracks and equipment hints at an exciting discovery. 

Despite the fact that it is said that giants never inhabited Antarctica at the time, the imagery of the alleged giant skull seem to prove the opposite in such a way that it warrants further investigation and challenges established beliefs about the history of the continent. 

Google Earth coordinates: 66°37'31.61"S 110°15'8.42"E

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

The Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) is a proposed space mission designed to directly measure the mid-infrared spectrum of terrestrial habitable zone exoplanets. Using a collection of small orbiting telescopes, the mission would characterize the atmospheres of these exoplanets, assess their potential habitability, and search for signs of extraterrestrial life beyond our solar system.

With hopes that these space-based telescopes would one day be built, the researchers aimed to validate the LIFE mission’s ability to detect signs of life on exoplanets. Using Earth as a proxy, they proposed simulating how LIFE would observe an exoplanet.

THE SUBTLE ART OF USING EARTH TO SPOT EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE IN THE COSMOS

The study successfully characterized Earth as if it were an exoplanet using simulated observations of its Mid-Infrared thermal emission spectrum. The research concluded that Earth would be identified as a temperate, habitable planet with detectable levels of important atmospheric gasses such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), and methane (CH4), which are significant for indicating the presence of life and habitable conditions. A good sign, seeing as how our planet is teeming with life (at least for now).

Now, here is where things get interesting. The study also found that the viewing angle and season did not significantly alter the detectability of these molecules or their relative abundances in Earth’s atmosphere. This is important because something as simple as cloud can mess with atmospheric data.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

This US President Cried After He Found Disturbing Alien Information In UFO Briefing

In 1973, before the presidential elections, yet to become President, Jimmy Carter filed a report with the International UFO Bureau claiming he had seen a UFO in October 1969. Along with other witnesses, Carter saw a bright UFO that changed colors and moved towards and away from the Earth before disappearing. He was quite vocal about his beliefs on UFOs and promised to public all available information about UFOs if he became president.

“He described waiting outside for a Lion’s Club Meeting in Leary, Georgia, to begin, at about 7:30 p.m., when he spotted what he called ‘the darndest thing I’ve ever seen’ in the sky.” Along with 10 to 12 other witnesses, Carter observed a bright object in the sky, which was about the size of the moon. (Source)

“We all saw it. And then the light, it got closer and closer to us. And then it stopped, I don’t know how far away, but it stopped beyond the pine trees. And all of a sudden it changed color to blue, and then it changed to red, then back to white,” Carter told GQ in 2005. The object reportedly hovered about 30 degrees above the horizon, moved towards and away from the Earth, and eventually disappeared into the distance. Carter’s experience led him to make a vow to never again ridicule individuals who claimed to have seen a UFO.

“One thing’s for sure, I’ll never make fun of people who say they’ve seen unidentified objects in the sky. If I become President, I’ll make every piece of information this country has about UFO sightings available to the public and the scientists,” Carter said.

As for the object that Carter saw, it has since been classified as “a high altitude barium release cloud launched from Eglen AFB,” which sounds legit. However, after winning the presidency, Carter backed away from this promise, citing concerns about national security and defense implications. His experience with a UFO is just one of many reported sightings that have fueled conspiracy about extraterrestrial life and government cover-ups.

President Carter’s Disturbing Briefing on UFOs and Religion

Former NASA researcher Ed Harris claimed that serious researchers on the subject believe the story of former President Jimmy Carter crying after being briefed about classified UFO information to be true. According to the story corroborated by multiple witnesses, U.S. presidents are given only a brief overview of the subject by the CIA, and presidential curiosity is not considered a sufficient need to know.

After being repeatedly stonewalled, Carter was given “the talk,” which reportedly left him deeply sobbing and visibly disturbed for weeks. He was told that major religions, including Christianity, were created by extraterrestrials to prevent humans from destroying themselves while they ran experiments on us, and that they made us. Carter, a deeply religious man who had witnessed a UFO with six other people, realized that releasing such information could cause tremendous economic and social upheaval.

Below you can read Ed Harris’ statement on the subject that he wrote on Quora:

Yes, the incident of Jimmy Carter crying after being briefed about classified information regarding UFO’s is largely believed to be true by the serious researchers on the subject. As a forewarning, the following information is very unsettling and will explain why Carter never “kept his promise” of revealing classified UFO information to the public.

According to the story that was corroborated by more than one witness, U.S. presidents are only given a cursory overview of the subject. Apparently, the CIA runs the program, only provide information to the President on a need to know basis, and do not consider presidential curiosity as sufficient need to know. This was implemented after Kennedy, and all presidents after him have been given only summary briefings (some presidents for unknown reasons were given more than others)

Okay on to your question. President Carter is a deeply religious man who had also witnessed a UFO with 6 other people. Everyone thought that he would be the one to finally release UFO info to the public but as the story goes, he was repeatedly stonewalled. Eventually, the CIA had “the talk” with him, and afterward it was reported that he sunk his head in his hands and not only began to deeply sob, but was visibly disturbed for some weeks afterward.

He was told that the major religions including Christianity were programs created by extraterrestrials to prevent us from destroying ourselves while they ran their experiments on us – and that they made us. At this moment it became clear to Carter that such information could cause tremendous economic and social upheaval. I should add that I am not only a Christian but a clergyman, so I am in no way attempting to promote atheism here. In fact, how God fits into this might be an interesting separate post. Nevertheless, these are the facts as I know them to be.

Author and world’s leading UFO researcher Richard Dolan also writes about this incident in his book “UFOs and the National Security State: The Cover-Up Exposed.” According to his book, there are claims that President Carter was given a UFO briefing at the White House on June 14, 1977, which he was then bound to secrecy about.

Read also:

• Man Who Ran Area 51 Claimed They Had Alien Crafts & Non-Human Beings: So Bob Lazar Is Telling Truth
• Nukes Attract Not Only UFOs but Something Bone-Chilling, Revealed By Ex-Worker At Nuclear Depot In Nevada Desert
• Harvard Professor Is Right: Some UFOs Are Aliens, Govt. Officials From D.C. Told Him
• Jacques Vallee On Footage Of UFO Landing At Holloman AFB: Occupant Carried Vertical Staff With Spiral Antenna

The briefing was supposedly given by a lone MJ-12 briefing officer and several independent sources. The leaked “Executive Briefing: Project Aquarius” document gives the standard account of multiple retrievals of alien technology. While there is no hard evidence to support the claims of the briefing, a presidential aide, who was “very, very close to Carter,” witnessed President sobbing after a UFO-related briefing in the Oval Office.

Carter Administration & Project Blue Book

Daniel Sheehan, a Harvard-educated Constitutional Trial Lawyer and Appellate Attorney has worked on many high-profile cases in his career. In 1977, he was approached by his friend Marcia Smith, who informed him that President Carter had demanded that the CIA provided classified information about unidentified flying objects to him, but George H. Bush, who was the CIA director at the time, refused to give this information to the president.

Sheehan tried to obtain information on the UFO phenomena and extraterrestrials from the Vatican Library but was unsuccessful. However, with Carter’s help, he managed to get access to the classified portions of the Air Force’s Project Blue Book for a few hours in May 1977, where he claimed to have discovered classified documents and photographs of a crashed UFO being investigated by Air Force personnel.

“There were these photographs of unmistakable — of a UFO sitting on the ground. It had crashed,” Sheehan said. “Apparently, it had hit into this field and had dug up, kind of plowed this kind of trough through this field,” he paused for a second.

“It was wedged into the side of this bank,” he said after taking a deep breath. “There was snow all around the picture. The vehicle was wedged into the side of this mud-like embankment — kind of up at an angle. There was Air Force personnel. As I cranked the little handle and looked at additional photos, these Air Force people were taking pictures.” (Click here to read the full article)

When Mr. Sheehan left the room, the guard asked to see his yellow legal pad and flipped through the pages, missing the alien hieroglyphs Sheehan had copied on the back of the pad. Sheehan offered to share this information with the religious establishment; they told him they were not interested.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

Journalist Reveals Bob Lazar’s Astonishing Claim: Extraterrestrials See Humans as ‘Containers of Souls’

The origin of humanity is perhaps the most significant mystery that the world needs to unravel. In mainstream science, the theory of evolution is proposed to provide an explanation for human biological history. However, not many people subscribe to this theory, and there may be much more to the story that we are not yet aware of.

In episode number 2028 of the Joe Rogan podcast, the two current popular figures in UFOlogy, Jeremy Corbell & George Knapp discussed the possibility that humans were genetically engineered by a non-human intelligence for nefarious purposes, and some individuals within the government are aware of this. Knapp also mentions that he knows someone high-ranking who told him that human conflict, specifically war, is sometimes intentionally designed by a malevolent non-human intelligence through manipulation.7

During the podcast, George Knapp discussed Bob Lazar and mentioned that Lazar was told while working on “the program” that humans were viewed by extraterrestrials as “containers of souls.” This may sound bizarre and fictional to many people; however, Lazar can be seen saying the exact same thing in his 1989 interviews. (Source)

“These beings conveyed information about the capability of affecting the human brain to anesthetize the human body. This is done without any physical contact from a remote source. For this anesthesia to be accomplished, the brain has to be in a relaxed state, similar to that required for hypnosis. If the brain is subject to any external stimulation, like stimulant drugs or loud music, this manipulation of the nervous system is ineffective.

These beings said that man was the product of externally corrected evolution. They said that man, as a species, had been genetically altered 65 times. They referred to humans as containers. Yet, I don’t know what we’re containers of. As I’m sure you now know, it was impossible for me to corroborate the information in the second section. And obviously, if this information is true, the ramifications are far-reaching and you don’t have to be a nuclear physicist to figure that out.”

In the podcast, Corbell discusses John Lear, who told him that “Aliens see us like a wine and our bodies are containers and our souls are beings matured as like a commodity.” Moreover, according to another bizarre theory that has been covered by researchers like Linda M. Howe, David Icke, etc., these non-human intelligence or extraterrestrials feed on human souls.

“It’s my conclusion over many years that reincarnation is a trap. It’s not that it doesn’t exist although I don’t think it’s quite the same as it’s explained it’s a bit more subtle maybe but I do think it’s a trap, said David Icke.” Whereas Linda said, “The recycling of souls reincarnation is the Machinery of this universe.” (Watch this episode of the Why Files for more context)

Robert Allan Monroe (1915-1995) was a radio broadcasting executive from Indiana known for his research into altered consciousness and founding The Monroe Institute. His 1971 book, “Journeys Out of the Body,” popularized the term “out-of-body experience.”

In 1958, Monroe suffered a series of bizarre events, prompting him to seek medical advice, but doctors found him to be healthy. He decided to dedicate his life to studying altered states of consciousness, eventually developing Hemispheric Synchronization (Hemi-Sync), a technology using binaural beats to harmonize brain hemispheres

The US government took an interest in Monroe’s work and invited him to join a classified project called the Gateway Process, aimed at using his techniques for remote viewing. According to declassified files, this program aimed to alter consciousness, allowing participants to access intuitive knowledge and other dimensions. (CIA file)

During these experiments, participants sat in darkness wearing headphones and reported encountering interdimensional entities. According to Robert, subjects would often encounter interdimensional entities. Most frequently, reptilian humanoids were witnessed. Viewers referred to the uncanny creatures as ‘the alligators’ due to their crocodilian features. Curiously, Monroe was already quite familiar with the unsettling breed. During countless expeditions, he observed identical saurian creatures. For over 35 years, he gathered insight about these startling beings

Experiments opened portals to other dimensions where reptilian humanoids reside.

 Robert A. Monroe Photo.

Image Credit: The Monroe Institute

Here is what he uncovered: For millennia, humanity has been controlled and enslaved by nefarious vertebrates known as Reptilians, who operate within the 4th dimension, invisible to most but those who can perceive beyond our limited spectrum of visible light. These parasitic entities thrive on our spiritual lifeforce, referred to as “loosh” by Monroe, and rely on negative and low vibrational energy for their survival. Viewing Earth as a vast farm, they harvest human emotions such as fear, hatred, anxiety, anger, and depression. With intelligence equal to or surpassing that of humans, this elusive lizard-like race considers itself superior and the rulers of mankind.

Read also:

• Journalist Said 2023 Alaska Object Was ‘Anomalous’; It Looked Like A Giant Tic-Tac
• Former CIA & Retd. Army Colonel Say Grusch’s Claims Are True: NHIs Are Behind Some UFOs
• U.S. Congressman Says UFOs May Be Machines of a Hidden ‘Ancient Earth Civilization’

• Ex-CIA Pilot Said US Buried Huge UFO That Was Too Big To Move, Corroborating Coulthart Claim

Robert Monroe pursued transcendental endeavors until he passed away in 1995. His beliefs never changed, and he frequently warned of the sinister spiritual vampires. Gateway’s revolutionary experiments continued throughout the 1980s.

There is a case of a British woman named Samantha McDonald who claimed that she had been repeatedly abducted by reptilians since her first contact in the 1990s, but on every abduction, her memory was wiped by her abductors. In 2014, she was invited to a British talk show named “This Morning,” where she revealed there were two alien species, the Greys and Reptilians, who worked together. (Source)

She said that when she woke up, there were needle marks, scratches, and bruises on her body. “I’ve asked them what they want with me and they said they have come to take me and my family. What they were after was my energy and soul essence. I don’t know why they keep coming back to me. I think it is to do with my energies as I’m into healing and meditation.”

Dr. Ellis Silver, an author of the book “Humans are not from Earth: A Scientific Evaluation of the Evidence,” has a strong belief that life on Earth was sparked by aliens thousands of years ago. He said, “Mankind is supposedly the most highly developed species on the planet, yet is surprisingly unsuited and ill-equipped for Earth’s environment: harmed by sunlight, a strong dislike for naturally occurring foods, ridiculously high rates of chronic disease, and more.” (Source)

Ellis strongly believes that Earth is some kind of galactic jail made by aliens to teach humans a behavior lesson. Similarly, in 2019, members of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence), a San Francisco-based research organization, convened in Paris and suggested that we could all be living in a Galactic Zoo run by aliens.

Florence Raulin Cerceau, who is the METI director as well as an astrobiologist explained: “This puzzle of why we haven’t detected extraterrestrial life has been discussed often,” adding, “But in this workshop’s unique focus, many of the talks tackled a controversial explanation first suggested in the 1970s, called the ‘zoo hypothesis.’” METI president Douglas Vakoch weighed in by saying, “Perhaps extraterrestrials are watching humans on Earth, much like we watch animals in a zoo.” (Source)

MIT researcher John Ball presented the zoo hypothesis in his 1973 paper. He wrote, “Extraterrestrial intelligent life may be almost ubiquitous,” adding, “The apparent failure of such life to interact with us may be understood in terms of the hypothesis that they have set us aside as part of a wilderness area or zoo.” He later wrote in another research paper: “ETI may be discreetly and inconspicuously watching us but not dabbling.”

Additionally, former U.S. Army Counterintelligence Special Agent, UFO advocate, and media personality Luis Elizondo explained his reasoning behind claiming that UFO mysteries have made him “somber.” His speculative ideas are straight out of middle 20th-century science fiction, particularly the so-called “zoo hypothesis” that appeared in a number of stories at that time, imagining that Earth was essentially a zoo run by space aliens.

“What if it turns out that there’s another species that is even higher on that ladder than we are? Do we need the social institutions that we have today, do we need government and religious organizations that we have today, if it turns out that there is something else or someone else that is technologically more advanced and, perhaps from an evolutionary perspective, more advanced? Have we been wasting our time all this time? Or are we doing exactly as we are supposed to be doing?

[What] if it turns out that mankind is in fact just another animal in the zoo? If we saw ourselves as the zookeeper before, maybe we’re just another exhibit inside the zoo? What would that mean to us?

So, when I say ‘somber’ or ‘sobering’, I mean there’s going to come a point in this conversation when we’re going to have to do a lot of reconciling with ourselves, whatever that means, from whatever philosophical background you have. This is going to impact every single one of us. And I think that’s important. Do we find ourselves in a situation where history may have to be rewritten? So that’s what I meant.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

De zaak van de ontvoering van Betty en Barney
De vermeende ontvoering van Betty en Barney Hill door een groep aliens omstreeks 1961 is een iconisch verhaal in ufologische kringen.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Emblemak voor ufologen
Misschien is dit verhaaatische zal voor de meeste mensen onbekend, maar het heeft gedurende tientallen jaren grote belangstelling gewekt bij ufo-experts en -toeschouwers.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een verblindend licht
Het echtpaar beweert dat ze in de nacht van 19 september 1961 een verblindend licht zagen terwijl ze over Route 3 naar huis reden. Ze dachten aanvankelijk dat het een vallende ster was.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een vreemd object
Het echtpaar reed in Lincoln, New Hampshire. Nadat ze de auto hadden stilgezet en een verrekijker hadden gepakt om het vreemde object (dat geen vallende ster was) nader te bekijken, besloten Betty en Barney Hill weer op de weg te gaan. Het ruimteschip raasde achter hen aan en kwam steeds dichterbij.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

De ontmoeting met aliens
Het echtpaar herinnerde zich dat ze door de ramen ongeveer tien mensachtige figuren zagen. Barney Hill beweert dat deze wezens door middel van telepathie met hen communiceerden.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een grote schrik
De gebeurtenis vond plaats toen het vermeende ruimteschip in de buurt van de auto neerkwam. Bij het zien van de wezens herinnert Barney Hill zich dat hij in angst terug naar het voertuig rende en schreeuwde dat ze hen wilden vangen

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Vreemde geluiden
Terug in de auto startte Barney de motor weer en probeerde weg te rijden. Het echtpaar vertelt dat ze op dat moment een vreemde reeks ritmische piepgeluiden hoorde.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Details klopten niet
Eenmaal thuis bekroop hen echter een vreemd gevoel en merkten ze ongewone dingen op: kleine scheurtjes in Betty's jurk, een scheur in de riem van Barney's verrekijker en gaten in zijn schoen.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Geheugenverlies
Het raarste wat ze merkten was dat ze een hiaat hadden in de rit naar huis. Ze herinnerden zich niets meer van een stuk van ongeveer 56 km van de reis direct na de ontmoeting. De herinnering aan wat ze gezien hadden was zo gefragmenteerd dat ze niet konden samenvoegen wat er gebeurd was.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Regressieve hypnose
Twee jaar na deze gebeurtenis ging het echtpaar naar een therapeut die regressieve hypnotherapie uitvoerde om hen te helpen zich de gebeurtenissen van die nacht te herinneren. Inmiddels hadden ze ingezien dat ongeveer twee uur uit hun geheugen was verdwenen.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Eindelijk was alles duidelijk
Na veel regressieve hypnosesessies konden Betty en Barney Hill reconstrueren wat er gebeurd was. Ondanks dat ze tijdens de sessies gescheiden waren, kwamen hun versies van de gebeurtenissen aardig overeen.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

The Ufo Incident
Een tv-film uit 1975 genaamd 'The Ufo Incident' verzamelde de geluidsbanden van die sessies. Regisseur Richard A. Colla had de regi

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een film gebaseerd op archiefstukken
In de aftiteling van de films beweert de regisseur dat het verhaal gebaseerd is op een reeks archiefstukken van de Amerikaanse luchtmacht. De Hills hadden zich onmiddellijk na het incident tot de autoriteiten gewend.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Foto: Wikipedia

Proeven en experimenten

Onder hypnose vertelden Betty en Barney Hill hun therapeut dat de aliens hen hadden ontvoerd. Ze werden meegenomen naar hun ruimteschip en onderworpen aan proeven en experimenten.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Huid- en haarmonsters
Volgens de Hills namen de tweevoetige aliens met grijze huid en uitpuilende ogen haar- en weefselmonsters van verschillende lichaamsdelen met gereedschap dat leek op spuiten.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Geheugen uitgewist
Betty en Barney Hill herinnerden zich dat de aliens hen, nadat ze verschillende monsters hadden verzameld, vrijlieten, waarna hun bewuste geheugen werd uitgewist.uis

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Zeta Reticuli
Betty Hill slaagde er ook in een sterrenkaart te reconstrueren die de herkomst van de aliens aangaf. Uit deze reconstructie concludeerden deskundigen dat het ging om sterrensysteem Zeta Reticuli in het zuidelijke sterrenbeeld Raster, 39,2 lichtjaar van de aarde

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

De eerste gedocumenteerde ufo-waarneming
De zaak Hill was een van de eerste gevallen van gedocumenteerde ufo-waarnemingen. De archieven van de New Hampshire University bewaren nog steeds alle documenten en geluidsopnamen die tijdens de hypnosesessies en interviews zijn gemaakt.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

De conclusies van de therapeut
In de laatste aflevering van een docuserie over de gebeurtenissen onthulde de therapeut die het stel behandelde zijn visie. Hij concludeerde dat hun vermeende ontmoeting met aliens te maken had met de vermeende sociale druk die ze ervaarden als interraciaal koppel, iets wat in een tijd slecht werd gedragen. De show, genaamd 'Ufo', werd in 2021 uitgezonden door streamingdienst 'Showtime,' zoals gemeld door sify.com.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een wisselend standpunt
Dezelfde therapeut beweert dat hij zes maanden later van gedachten veranderde en concludeerde dat het echtpaar de waarheid sprak, zoals uit een fragment van de docuserie blijkt.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

'Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience'
Barney Hill overleed in 1969, slechts acht jaar na het incident, maar zijn vrouw Betty overleed pas in 2004. Haar leven lang heeft ze uitgebreid gevochten om hun verhaal en het bestaan van aliens te bewijzen. Haar nicht, Kathleen Marden, schreef in 2007 een boek over haar tante: 'Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience'.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een fascinerend verhaal over ufo's
Of het waar is of niet, één ding is zeker: het verhaal van Barnie en Betty Hill blijft een mijlpaal voor de ufologische gemeenschap en een van de fascinerendste verhalen over waarnemingen van aliens

{ The Daily Digest }

Airline Pilot Describes Witnessing A UFO Turn ‘180 Degrees In Less Than A Second’

ISTOCKPHOTO

Audio of an American Airlines pilot reporting seeing a UFO turn “180 degrees in less than a second” then vanishing from the sky has gone viral on TikTok with over one million views while flying from Boston to Harrisburg.

“Well, you’re going to think I’m crazy, there something that just went from right to left to right in a blink and then flash his lights three four times,” the American Airlines pilot tells air traffic control.

“Okay, well, I had an airplane cross from right to left E175 and now there’s another one at triple 7 up there high off the right side that descended to 28,” the air traffic controller responded back. “That might be those two aircraft. I’m not sure.”

“Uh, this thing went 180 degrees in like a second,” the pilot responded.

“Oh goodness,” the air traffic controller said back. “Uh, all right, yeah, let me know if you see it again. We’ll make report.”

“I’ve seen the same thing near West Dennis Beach on Cape Cod,” said another.

“OMG really, it’s so crazy,” the first commenter replied. “My son said that everyone on the highway stopped. It was that wild.”

“I seen it as well going home I was on the highway by Top Golf,” another person claimed.

“I saw THE SAME THING!” another person commented.

“A couple fighter jets chased it and it just disappeared. Was this similar to your case???” another TikToker asked.

“Yes exactly,” they replied back.

 { https://brobible.com/ }

Commerciële maanlander Odysseus stuurt eerste foto's door, missie wordt gehalveerd in tijd

Artikel door Belga, Pieterjan Huyghebaert 

Odysseus landde in de nacht van donderdag op vrijdag iets na middernacht (Belgische tijd) bij een krater in de buurt van de zuidpool van de maan. Het is de eerste geslaagde commerciële maanlanding. En de eerste Amerikaanse maanlanding sinds de jaren 70.

De maanlander stuurde vandaag een eerste foto door van op het maanoppervlak.

Commerciële maanlander Odysseus stuurt eerste foto's door, missie wordt gehalveerd in tijd

© Intuitive Machines

Vrijdag werd bekend dat de Odysseus de maanlanding weliswaar heelhuids doorstaan heeft, maar op zijn zij ligt. De zonnepanelen krijgen hierdoor niet genoeg licht om de batterijen voldoende op te laden. Hierdoor zal de missie slechts 5 dagen duren, zowat de helft minder dan gepland. 

De locatie van de lander, op zijn zij dus

© NASA

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

The Search for Extraterrestrial Life Beneath Our Seas

In the vast, uncharted waters of our planet, a mystery as old as humanity itself persists: are we alone in the universe? Recent advancements and discoveries have reignited this question, propelling it into the depths of our oceans. The possibility of extraterrestrial life forms residing in the underwater realms of Earth is not just the stuff of science fiction but has become a subject of serious scientific inquiry.

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena and Oceanic Depths

The intrigue surrounding unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) has expanded beyond the skies, plunging into the marine abyss. Reports and declassified files suggest UAPs have been observed entering our oceans at astonishing speeds, diving into depths that remain largely unexplored by humans. With 80% of our oceans unmapped and unknown, these sightings offer a tantalizing hint that our planet’s waters could be home to alien civilizations or outposts.

The Earth’s Oceans: A Cradle for Life

Covering 75% of the Earth’s surface, the oceans are the cradle of life on our planet. They play a crucial role in regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, and providing a substantial portion of the oxygen we breathe. This makes them a logical interest point for any visiting extraterrestrial entities interested in the Earth’s life-supporting capabilities. The discovery of vast amounts of water in space, on planets, and moons within our solar system and beyond, underscores water’s universal significance for life.

The Baltic Sea Anomaly: A Case Study

Among the most compelling pieces of evidence suggesting underwater alien activity is the Baltic Sea anomaly. Discovered by treasure hunters, this 200-foot diameter object with unusual markings and a structure resembling a spacecraft lies at the ocean’s bed. The object, surrounded by tracks on the sea floor, has sparked debate among scientists, treasure hunters, and UFO enthusiasts. While some argue it’s a natural geological formation, others believe its design and the equipment malfunctions experienced near it hint at extraterrestrial origins.

The Mariana Trench: Earth’s Final Frontier

The Mariana Trench, the deepest known point in the Earth’s oceans, holds particular fascination. Its extreme conditions and the discovery of life forms that appear almost alien themselves suggest that if extraterrestrial beings sought refuge on our planet, the trench’s secluded depths would be an ideal sanctuary. The trench, part of the enigmatic Pacific Ring of Fire, is a hotbed for tectonic activity, making it a potential source of energy for advanced technologies.

Technological Implications and Energy Sources

The speculation that extraterrestrials might utilize our oceans for energy is grounded in our understanding of both terrestrial and potential extraterrestrial technology. Hydrothermal vents, for example, could offer a sustainable energy source, leveraging the Earth’s natural geothermal energy in ways humanity is only beginning to explore. The phenomenon of UAPs entering and exiting our oceans seamlessly suggests a technology capable of operating in environments vastly different from the surface world, hinting at a sophistication far beyond our current capabilities.

Towards a New Era of Discovery

The possibility of alien life in our oceans invites us to look beneath the surface of our planet, challenging us to explore the unknown depths as vigorously as we explore space. It beckons a new era of discovery, where the search for extraterrestrial life is not confined to the vast expanse of the universe but is also directed towards the mysterious, unexplored waters of our own planet. As we advance in our technological prowess and expand our understanding of life in extreme environments, the oceans may reveal secrets about the universe and our place within it.

VIDEO:

• Aliens Found In Our Oceans | What Lies Below | Alien Disclosure Files 2024 | S1E09

• https://youtu.be/p48IDy7Elco

The search for extraterrestrial life in the depths of Earth’s oceans merges the boundless curiosity of humanity with the rigorous inquiry of science. As we continue to explore these hidden frontiers, we may uncover evidence that reshapes our understanding of life and its potential ubiquity in the cosmos. The oceans, teeming with mysteries, await us as the next frontier in our quest to answer the timeless question: Are we alone?

 { https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Graancirkels: wat weten we over dit mysterieuze fenomeen?

©Shutterstock

Graancirkels: wat weten we over dit mysterieuze fenomeen?
In de jaren tachtig en negentig doken overal ter wereld graancirkels op, wat angst en intriges over hun oorsprong veroorzaakte. Deze cryptische patronen lijken de afgelopen jaren echter verdwenen.

Laten we de geschiedenis, feiten en theorieën verkennen over dit mysterieuze fenomeen dat een milieukunstvorm inspireerde. Lees de volgende items over dit raadselachtig fenomeen..

©Shutterstock

Australië
In de jaren 1960 waren er talrijke UFO-waarnemingen in Queensland, Australië. Mensen beweerden cirkels te hebben ontdekt in moerasriet en rietvelden. Eén zo'n voorval deed zich voor in 1966 toen een aanzienlijke cirkel werd gevonden in het riet van een moeras in Tully, Queensland.

©Shutterstock

Antipodees
Vergelijkbare vindplaatsen zijn gedocumenteerd in verschillende delen van Australië, zoals Tooligie Hill in South Australia in 1971 en Navarre in Victoria in september 1972.

©Shutterstock

Lange geschiedenis
De oorsprong van graancirkels gaat echter veel verder terug. In 1678 werd van een groep cirkels die in Hertfordshire waren ontdekt, gedacht dat ze het werk van de duivel waren, omdat het onmogelijk leek dat een mens ze had kunnen maken;

©Getty Images

Graancirkels
In de jaren 1980 was er een aanzienlijke toename van het aantal gerapporteerde cirkels, wat leidde tot de popularisering van de term "graancirkels".

©Shutterstock

Theorieën
Er werden verschillende verklaringen voor hun ontstaan geopperd. Sommigen geloofden dat UFO's verantwoordelijk waren, terwijl anderen een onbekende vorm van energie, mogelijk paranormaal, voorstelden als de schepper.

©Getty Images

Wiltshire
Eind jaren 1980 vestigden de media de aandacht op graancirkels in Hampshire en Wiltshire, waardoor het fenomeen populair werd.

©Shutterstock

Locatie
Verder onderzoek wees uit dat graancirkels in het Verenigd Koninkrijk niet willekeurig verspreid waren. Ze verschenen vaak in de buurt van wegen, bewoonde gebieden en oriëntatiepunten zoals de historische steencirkels van Stonehenge en Avebury.

©Getty Images

Operatie Merel
In 1990 begon een team wetenschappers, de zelfbenoemde "cerealogisten", aan een onderzoek om het mysterie rond deze formaties te ontrafelen. Ze sloegen een kamp op op een heuvel in Wiltshire, uitgerust met detectoren voor warmte, licht en geluid. Hun doel was om elk bewijs vast te leggen van een UFO of een buitenaardse entiteit die verantwoordelijk was voor het maken van de graancirkels

©Getty Images

Resultaat
Operatie Blackbird omvatte samenwerking met de BBC en er werd in het gebied gepatrouilleerd door functionarissen van het Ministerie van Defensie. In de tweede nacht registreerde de bewakingsapparatuur knipperende oranje lichten in het aangrenzende veld. De volgende ochtend werden twee grote cirkels met parallelle lijnen ertussen ontdekt.

©Shutterstock

Bewijs
Tijdens het onderzoek van de cirkels werden een bordspel en een houten kruisbeeld ontdekt in het midden van één ervan. Onderzoeker Colin Andrews accepteerde de mogelijkheid dat de knipperende oranje lichten waarschijnlijk werden veroorzaakt door de warmtehandtekening van een hoaxer.

©Reuters

Niet grappig?
Colin Andrews informeerde de pers dat hun onderzoek was gehinderd door een grap, wat een tegenslag veroorzaakte. Hij benadrukte de ernst van hun werk en benadrukte dat de grap van korte duur was.

©Reuters

Ondermijnd
De personen achter de onderbreking van Operatie Blackbird werden niet geïdentificeerd, maar hun acties beschadigden de reputatie van de "cerealogen"

©Shutterstock

Samenzwering?
Volgens berichten hebben samenzweringstheoretici gesuggereerd dat het leger het bedrog heeft uitgevoerd om de onderzoekers minder geloofwaardig te maken.

©Shutterstock

Grappenmakers
In 1991 schokten Doug Bower en Dave Chorley de wereld toen ze beweerden dat zij degenen waren achter de graancirkels, beginnend in 1978. Ze lieten het proces zien van het creëren van een graancirkel met behulp van basisgereedschap zoals een houten plank, een touw en een baseballpet met een lus van draad om een rechte lijn aan te houden.

©Shutterstock

Verantwoordelijkheid
Bower en Chorley verklaarden naar verluidt dat ze beïnvloed waren door de gebeurtenissen in Australië in de jaren 1960. Ze namen de eer op zich voor alle graancirkels in Groot-Brittannië vóór 1987 en voor meer dan 200 graancirkels van 1978 tot 1991.

©Getty Images

Nieuwe golf
De onthulling van de cirkels van Bower en Chorley in de jaren 1990 leidde tot een toename van het aantal graancirkels. In 2009 meldde het tijdschrift Smithsonian dat deze geometrische ontwerpen in de loop der jaren groter en ingewikkelder zijn geworden. Anonieme cirkelmakers hebben met hun creaties New Age toeristen aangetrokken.

©Reuters

Wereldwijd
Volgens de publicatie zijn er sindsdien wereldwijd op verschillende locaties graancirkels waargenomen. In Zuid-Engeland, waar de meeste activiteit plaatsvindt, richten de cirkelmakers zich op koolzaad-, gerst- en tarwevelden.

©Reuters

Magnetrons
Er zijn echter sceptici die betwijfelen of graancirkels uitsluitend door mensen zijn gemaakt. Physics World onthult dat biofysici opgezwollen stengels hebben geïnterpreteerd als bewijs dat de gewassen werden blootgesteld aan microgolven toen de cirkels werden gevormd. Deze ontdekking heeft geleid tot gepatenteerde methoden om de groei van gewassen te versnellen.

©Shutterstock

Debat
Na de bekentenis van Bower en Chorley ontstond er een gepassioneerde discussie tussen degenen die geloofden dat mensen verantwoordelijk waren en degenen die beweerden dat hun bekentenis niet elke cirkel kon verklaren.

©Shutterstock

Onderzoek
Studies gepubliceerd in 1999 en 2001 vonden bewijs van straling op gewassen in graancirkelformaties, wat een raadsel is voor degenen die de cirkels toeschrijven aan door mensen gemaakte houten plankontwerpen.

©Shutterstock

Prozaïsche waarheid
Andere incidenten hebben eenvoudiger verklaringen. In 2002 maakten mensen melding van graancirkels in de buurt van Pike Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. Later werd echter bevestigd dat deze formaties in feite mesthopen waren die door een nabijgelegen boer waren weggegooid.

©Shutterstock

Uitleg?
Ook de cirkels die in de jaren 1960 in Australië werden waargenomen, zouden kunnen worden toegeschreven aan wallaby's die opium consumeerden. Volgens rapporten betraden deze buideldieren papavervelden die voor medicinale doeleinden werden gecultiveerd, consumeerden ze overmatige hoeveelheden van de gewassen en bewogen ze zich vervolgens in cirkelvormige patronen.

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/feed?ocid=msedgdhp&pc=u531 }

Een reis naar lokale legendes over de hele wereld

©Getty Images

Een reis naar lokale legendes over de hele wereld
Etherische figuren, die doen denken aan eeuwenoude legendes, komen op subtiele wijze tevoorschijn uit het tapijt van culturen en wenken nieuwsgierigen en dapperen om de blijvende kracht van folklore te ontdekken. Deze verhalen zijn het gefluister van generaties, die de essentie van het mysterieuze en magische vastleggen, en in deze galerij worden ze gevierd als de schatten van ons gedeelde menselijke erfgoed.

Klik door de galerij-foto's om de verhalen van weleer te ontdekken!

©Shutterstock

Het fluisterende bamboe (China)
In het hart van het oude China fluistert een verhaal over twee geliefden, getransformeerd in bamboe, voor altijd samen zwaaiend in de wind. Deze legende, diep geworteld in de Chinese folklore, spreekt over de blijvende kracht van de liefde die echoot door de ritselende bamboebladeren. Het is een herinnering aan de veerkracht van de liefde en de eeuwige aanwezigheid in de natuur.

©Shutterstock

Anansi's Web (West-Afrika)
Onder de Afrikaanse hemel weeft Anansi de Spin meer dan alleen maar webben; hij weeft verhalen over wijsheid. Deze bedrieger, een prominent figuur in West-Afrikaanse verhalen, leert levenslessen door zijn sluwe en avontuurlijke heldendaden. Elke streng van zijn web symboliseert de complexiteit van de beslissingen in het leven en de wijsheid die hij door ervaring verkrijgt.

©Shutterstock

Het noorderlicht (Scandinavië)
Terwijl je in de Scandinavische nacht staart, ben je getuige van de etherische dans van de Aurora Borealis. Folklore vertelt over deze lichten als een hemels fenomeen, waar de geesten van de overledenen in de hemel spelen, verhalen van verwondering weven en het aardse rijk overbruggen met het mystieke.

©Shutterstock

Het monster van Loch Ness (Schotland)
Gehuld in de mist van de Schotse folklore ligt Loch Ness, de thuisbasis van Nessie, het ongrijpbare monster. Deze legende geeft de essentie weer van de enigmatische charme van Schotland, waarbij Nessie de mysteries symboliseert die op de loer liggen in de diepten van onze verbeelding en in de donkere wateren van het meer.

©Shutterstock

Baba Yaga's Hut (Rusland)
In het hart van de Russische folklore staat de hut van Baba Yaga, een bijzondere verblijfplaats op kippenpoten. De enigmatische heks, die vaak een cruciale rol speelt in verhalen over heldendom en speurtochten, belichaamt de dualiteit van de natuur – soms een helper, soms een belemmering, maar altijd een belangrijke figuur in het rijke tapijtwerk van de Slavische mythologie.

©Shutterstock

De Feniks (Midden-Oosten)
Uit de as van oude verhalen uit het Midden-Oosten rijst de Feniks op, een prachtige vogel die vernieuwing en het eeuwige leven symboliseert. Dit mythische wezen, helder brandend en herboren uit zijn eigen ondergang, vertegenwoordigt de eindeloze cyclus van leven, dood en wedergeboorte, een krachtig embleem van veerkracht en hoop in de folklore.

©Shutterstock

Kraken (Noordse Zee)
In de diepe, koude wateren van de Noordse Zeeën schuilt de Kraken, een legendarisch zeemonster dat gevreesd wordt door zeilers. Dit enorme wezen, vaak vergeleken met een reuzeninktvis, belichaamt de mysteries en verschrikkingen van de oceaan, een bewijs van de eeuwenoude fascinatie en angst van de mensheid voor de onbekende diepten van de zee.

©Shutterstock

El Dorado (Zuid-Amerika)
Diep in het hart van Zuid-Amerika fascineert de legende van El Dorado, de stad van goud, ontdekkingsreizigers al eeuwenlang. Dit prikkelende verhaal spreekt over grenzeloze rijkdom en ambitie en weerspiegelt de eindeloze zoektocht van de mensheid naar ontdekkingen en de ongrijpbare aard van onze grootste verlangens.

©Shutterstock

De Banshee (Ierland)
In de Ierse folklore is het treurige gejammer van de Banshee onder het maanlicht een voorbode van de dood. Deze spookachtige figuur, gehuld in mysterie, belichaamt de Keltische eerbied voor de overgang van leven naar dood, een aangrijpende herinnering aan de dunne sluier tussen het levende en het spirituele rijk.

©Shutterstock

Tengu (Japan)
Hoog in de Japanse bergen wonen de Tengu: mystieke wezens die deels mens en deels vogel zijn. Deze wezens staan ​​bekend als zowel beschermers als bedriegers van de bossen en symboliseren de complexiteit van de natuur en menselijke interactie, waarbij ze kattenkwaad en wijsheid vermengen in het rijke tapijtwerk van de Japanse folklore.

©Shutterstock

Bigfoot (Noord-Amerika)
In de uitgestrekte, onbekende bossen van Noord-Amerika roept de legende van Bigfoot, een mysterieuze reus, nieuwsgierigheid en debat op. Dit ongrijpbare wezen, vaak omschreven als een torenhoge, harige figuur, belichaamt de wilde en onbekende aspecten van de natuur. Bigfoot dient als symbool voor de mysteries die nog steeds verborgen liggen in de afgelegen wildernis.

©Shutterstock

De regenboogslang (Australië)
Centraal in de Aboriginal mythologie wordt de Regenboogslang vereerd als een krachtige scheppende godheid. Dit levendige, slangachtige wezen, geassocieerd met water en leven, weeft door de verhalen van de inheemse bevolking en symboliseert de schepping, vruchtbaarheid en de onderlinge verbondenheid van alle levende wezens.

©Shutterstock

La Llorona (Mexico)
Het verhaal van La Llorona, gefluisterd langs de rivieroevers, spreekt over een spookachtige vrouw, die eeuwig rouwt om haar verdronken kinderen. Dit aangrijpende verhaal, doordrenkt van Mexicaanse folklore, dient als een waarschuwend verhaal over liefde, verlies en de gevolgen van iemands daden, dat door de eeuwen heen weerklinkt.

©Shutterstock

De Djinn (Midden-Oosten)
In verhalen uit het Midden-Oosten zijn de Djinn bovennatuurlijke wezens, noch geheel goed, noch slecht. Deze raadselachtige wezens worden vaak geassocieerd met het vervullen van wensen en weerspiegelen de dubbele aard van menselijke verlangens en de complexe gevolgen die de vervulling ervan met zich meebrengt.

©Shutterstock

De Krampus (AlpenEuropa)
In de ijskoude Alpengebieden vormt de Krampus een schril contrast met de feestelijke vreugde van Kerstmis. Deze gehoornde figuur, bekend om het straffen van zich misdragende kinderen tijdens de kerstperiode, belichaamt de oude gebruiken en duistere aspecten van wintervieringen en herinnert aan de balans tussen welwillendheid en discipline.

©Shutterstock

De Chupacabra (Latijns-Amerika)
In het hart van de Latijns-Amerikaanse folklore wordt gezegd dat de Chupacabra, een mysterieus wezen, op vee jaagt. Deze legende vat de menselijke angst voor het onbekende en het onverklaarde samen, terwijl verhalen over de waarnemingen nieuwsgierigheid en speculatie blijven aanwakkeren.

©Shutterstock

Māui en de zon (Polynesië)
Māui, de Polynesische halfgod, wordt gevierd vanwege zijn gedurfde prestatie om de zon te vertragen. Dit verhaal benadrukt het menselijk vernuft en de moed, waarbij Māui wordt afgebeeld als een bedrieger en culturele held die de loop van de dag veranderde ten behoeve van zijn volk.

©Shutterstock

De Yeti (Himalaya)
De Yeti, of de Verschrikkelijke Sneeuwman, is een mysterieus wezen waarvan wordt aangenomen dat het op de besneeuwde toppen van de Himalaya leeft. De legende van de Yeti, die de ongetemde en onontdekte aspecten van onze wereld symboliseert, blijft tot de verbeelding spreken en vertegenwoordigt de mysteries die nog steeds in de uitgestrekte, afgelegen bergen hangen.

©Shutterstock

Pegasus (Griekenland)
In de Griekse mythologie symboliseert Pegasus, het majestueuze gevleugelde paard geboren uit Medusa's bloed, de hoogten van inspiratie en vrijheid. Het verhaal van Pegasus is verweven met verhalen over helden en goden, waardoor de grenzeloze mogelijkheden van de verbeelding en het vermogen van de menselijke geest tot verwondering worden benadrukt.

©Shutterstock

Huidlopers (Navajo)
In de Navajo-cultuur zijn Skinwalkers vormveranderende heksen, die een complexe relatie tussen mensen en het bovennatuurlijke belichamen. Deze wezens, die in verschillende dieren kunnen veranderen, vertegenwoordigen de dualiteit van de natuur en de diepgewortelde culturele overtuigingen over de kracht van transformatie en de mysteries van de natuurlijke wereld.

©Shutterstock

Sirenes (Griekse mythologie)
In de verleidelijke maar gevaarlijke wateren van het oude Griekenland belichamen sirenes met hun betoverende muziek de verleiding. Deze wezens, half vogel en half vrouw, lokten zeelieden naar hun ondergang en belichaamden de aantrekkingskracht en gevaren van het onbekende.

©Shutterstock

De fontein van de jeugd (Europa)
De legendarische Fontein van de Jeugd, een mythische bron, zou de jeugd herstellen bij iedereen die het water drinkt. Deze blijvende mythe spreekt over het universele menselijke verlangen naar verjonging en de tijdloze zoektocht naar eeuwig leven en vitaliteit.

©Shutterstock

De Ruiter zonder Hoofd (Verenigde Staten)
De Headless Horseman galoppeert door de pagina's van Washington Irving's 'The Legend of Sleepy Hollow' en is een spookachtige ruiter op zoek naar zijn vermiste hoofd. Deze iconische figuur weerspiegelt de griezelige en mysterieuze sfeer van de vroege Amerikaanse folklore.

©Shutterstock

Kabouters (Ierland)
In de weelderige groene landschappen van Ierland staan ​​Leprechauns, ondeugende feeën, bekend om hun verborgen potten met goud. Deze ongrijpbare wezens, onderdeel van de Ierse folklore, symboliseren geluk, fortuin en de speelse aard van de Ierse geest.

©Shutterstock

Valkyries (Noorse mythologie)
In de Noorse mythologie kozen Walkuren, goddelijke vrouwelijke figuren, het lot van krijgers in de strijd. Deze krachtige wezens, die door de lucht vliegen, vertegenwoordigen de concepten van het lot en het hiernamaals, een integraal onderdeel van de Viking-overtuigingen en -cultuur

©Shutterstock

De rattenvanger (Duitsland)
De rattenvanger, een mysterieuze figuur uit de Duitse folklore, staat erom bekend een stad van ratten te bevrijden en later zijn kinderen weg te lokken. Zijn verhaal is een waarschuwend verhaal over beloften en gevolgen, dat door de eeuwen heen weerklank vindt.

©Shutterstock

De Nian (China)
Het angstaanjagende beest Nian zou in de Chinese folklore zijn verslagen met behulp van rode lantaarns en vuurwerk. Deze legende symboliseert de triomf over angst en tegenspoed, gevierd tijdens het Chinese Nieuwjaar.

©Shutterstock

De Golem (Joodse folklore)
In de Joodse folklore werd de Golem, een tot leven gewekt kleifiguur, gecreëerd om de gemeenschap te beschermen. Dit krachtige verhaal onderzoekt thema's als creatie, controle en de onbedoelde gevolgen van onze acties.

©Shutterstock

Kappa (Japan)
De Kappa, waterwezens uit de Japanse folklore, staan ​​bekend om hun kattenkwaad, maar toch zijn ze gebonden aan een beleefdheidscode. Deze wezens symboliseren de genuanceerde relatie tussen mensen en de natuurlijke wereld en weerspiegelen het delicate evenwicht van co-existentie.

©Shutterstock

The Selkie's Secret (Schotse en Ierse folklore)
Selkies, zeehondenmensen uit de Schotse en Ierse overlevering, belichamen de thema's identiteit en vrijheid. Hun verhalen, vaak romantisch en tragisch, spreken over de transformerende aard van selkies en hun diepe verbinding met zowel land als zee, en reflecteren op het universele verlangen naar iemands ware thuis.

Bronnen:

• (Invaluable.com)
• (TheTravel)
• (World of Tales)

{https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

POSTED BY ALAN BOYLE

Odysseus Moon Lander Sends More Pictures — and We Know Where It Is

Four days after Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus lander made an off-kilter touchdown on the moon, the mission team is releasing snapshots that were taken during its descent.

The ultra-wide-angle images confirm that the lander is continuing to communicate with flight controllers, even though it’s lying in an awkward angle that limits how much data its antennas can transmit.

Meanwhile, images from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter have identified Odysseus’ landing spot, within a mile (1.5 kilometers) of its intended target near a crater called Malapert A in the moon’s south polar region. The bad news is that the solar-powered lander may have to go dark sooner than anticipated.

This low-resolution, ultra-wide-angle image from the Odysseus lander shows the lunar terrain with a scrunched view of the lander itself off to the right side of the frame. (Credit: Intuitive Machines)

The lander is the first-ever commercial spacecraft to survive a descent to the moon, and the first U.S-built spacecraft to do so since NASA’s Apollo 17 mission in 1972. NASA is paying Intuitive Machines $118 million to deliver six science payloads to the surface, and there are another six private-sector payloads on board.

Odysseus’ descent wasn’t easy: Just hours before the landing, the Nova Control team had to reprogram the lander to work around a disabled laser range-finding system. The spacecraft instead made use of one of the NASA payloads, an experimental laser range-finding system. Fortunately, the work-around worked.

The lander also hit the dirt faster than originally planned, with a lateral motion that’s thought to have tripped up one of Odysseus’ landing legs. As a result, the spacecraft is lying on its side. Mission managers say that doesn’t seem likely to affect data collection, but it is affecting data transmission.

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter’s images from this past weekend indicate that Odysseus hit a bull’s-eye, just like the hero from Greek mythology after whom it was named.

An overhead image from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter shows the location of the Odysseus lander, highlighted by the blue-bordered inset. (Credit: NASA / Goddard / Arizona State University)

“After traveling more than 600,000 miles, Odysseus landed within 1.5 km of its intended Malapert A landing site, using a contingent laser range-finding system patched hours before landing,” Intuitive Machines said in today’s update.

But Intuitive Machines also suggested that Odysseus won’t be able to remain in operation for the week to 10 days that mission managers had hoped for. “Flight controllers intend to collect data until the lander’s solar panels are no longer exposed to light,” according to the update. “Based on Earth and moon positioning, we believe flight controllers will continue to communicate with Odysseus until Tuesday morning.”

Maybe Odysseus and its controllers will have to hope for an unexpected revival similar to what the team behind another off-kilter moon lander, Japan’s SLIM spacecraft, experienced this weekend.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Electrodes in Spacesuits Could Protect Astronauts from Harmful Dust on Mars

Much like its lunar counterpart, Martian regolith is expected to be electrostatically charged due to exposure to cosmic radiation. But on Mars, there’s also the contribution made by dust devils and storms, which have been known to generate electrostatic discharges (aka. lightning). During the Apollo missions, astronauts reported how the lunar regolith would adhere to their suits and get tracked back into their Lunar Modules. Once inside, it would similarly stick to everything and get into their eyes and lungs, causing irritation and respiratory problems.

Given their plans to return astronauts to the Moon through the Artemis Program, NASA is investigating several methods to prevent regolith from getting into habitation modules – like coating technology for spacesuits and electron beams for cleaning them. While Martian dust is expected to inflict similar wear on spacesuits, the situation is made worse because it may contain toxic particles. As Griggs explained to Universe Today via email:

“Beyond having an abrasive effect on spacesuits themselves, Martian regolith is also expected to present health issues to astronauts. It is known to contain a range of harmful particles which may be carcinogenic or cause respiratory issues, and data from the Pathfinder mission showed the presence of toxic particles such as chromium. Martian regolith will therefore require removal from spacesuits prior to entry into habitation zones on Mars to prevent contact between astronauts and regolith particles.”

The principle behind the device, dielectrophoresis (DEP), refers to the movement of neutral particles when subjected to a nonuniform electric field. Their proposed Electrostatic Removal System (ERS) comprises two components: a High Voltage Waveform Generator (HVWG) used to produce square waves of varying frequencies and amplitudes up to 1000 volts and an Electrostatic Removal Device (ERD) consisting of an array of parallel copper electrodes. When the square waves are applied across the electrodes in the ERD, a large and varying electric field is generated. As Griggs summarized:

“Therefore, when dust particles are incident on the surface of the ERD, the dust particles are displaced through a combination of electrostatic and dielectrophoretic forces (due to the large electric field), which acts on charged and uncharged particles respectively within the dust. This acts to displace dust particles in a direction perpendicular to the electrodes, resulting in the clearing of the ERD surface.”

Microspheroids containing mostly aluminum and chlorine overgrow the mineral surface of synthetic Mars regolith. Credit: Tetyana Milojevic

To evaluate the performance of their proposed system, Griggs and Prof. Berthoud developed an experiment to investigate several key variables. This included the frequency and amplitude of square waves, the spacing between the electrodes, the incline of the surface of the ERD, the distance between the electrodes and the dust layer, and the material of the surface from which dust is removed. The first step was to produce analytical models, which was an extremely complex task for this system, and previous numerical models were not particularly useful.

“For this work, a simpler model was therefore derived using Couloumb’s law and the law of dielectrophoresis for a preliminary prediction of the effect of parameters including the square wave amplitude, electrode spacing, and dust-electrode separation (the actual distance between the electrodes and the dust particles they are acting to remove) on system performance,” said Griggs. The next step was to prepare an experiment that would quantify the optimum performance and behavior of the proposed system and measure its effects. As Griggs described:

“Two metrics were developed for quantifying and comparing the system performance during testing: clearing performance (% of the surface that was clear did not contain dust particles), and clearing rate (a normalised rate of clearing based on the time taken to go from 5% to 60% of final clearing performance).  A wide range of parameters were experimentally explored, including the frequency and amplitude of square wave applied across the electrodes. The system was then applied to removing dust from the outer layer of spacesuits by integrating a layer of Ortho-fabric (the outer layer of spacesuits) between the system and a layer of dust particles.”

From their tests, they found that the system achieved an optimum clearing performance of 98% when integrated directly below a layer of dust particles. However, this dropped off significantly when the outer layer was introduced due to the increased distance between the system and dust particles. As a result, they conclude that this system would likely need to be integrated directly into the outer layer of spacesuits to increase performance, possibly woven into the fabric itself. The system offers a non-abrasive method for dust removal, which is essential to future Mars missions.

A recent dust devil on Mars captured by NASA’s High Resolution Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) camera. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona

However, as Griggs summarized, further refinements are required before the technology can be used on future missions. In addition, the potential benefits reach beyond astronaut health and removing dust from spacesuits:

“This concept has already been explored with success, though by its very nature it compromises the integrity of the outer layer of spacesuit. The technology therefore requires refinement before application on future Mars missions.  The technology provides a suitable alternative to the mechanical methods of dust removal used on the short-length Apollo missions (brushing and vacuuming), which are unsuitable for longer Martian missions due to their abrasive effect on the spacesuits. It is therefore also a very promising technology for dust removal in other applications such as dust removal from solar panels or optical devices, which will be essential in future Mars missions.”

Further Reading: 

• Acta Astronautica

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

2004 Movie ‘The Passion of the Christ’ Had Unusual Incidents While Filming – Actor Playing Jesus Was Struck by Lightning

In one scene, a heavy cross weighing 130 pounds fell on Caviezel’s shoulder, causing a separation. The scene remained in the movie. The cross was very heavy, perhaps more than half the weight of an average Jewish man. Jesus had already gone through a lot, such as being whipped, hit on the head, and having thorns pressed into his head. All his friends had left him. Caviezel acted with a separated shoulder. While filming almost naked in frigid conditions, the actor nearly suffered hypothermia and succeeded in getting a lung infection and pneumonia.

A study found that about 240,000 people get struck by lightning every year. This doesn’t happen very often. But in 2003, during the making of The Passion of the Christ, it happened three times.

The lead actor, Jim Caviezel, said that he felt like a Christmas tree when he got struck by lightning while filming the Sermon on the Mount scene. He even knew it was going to happen about four seconds before it did. He shared this experience with The 700 Club, saying, “I thought, ‘I’m going to get hit.’ And when it happened, I saw the extras grab the ground.”

Caviezel said that after the lightning hit him, fire came out of his head, and his body glowed. The cameras hadn’t reached him yet. “When the cameras reached me,” Caviezel remembered, “I heard Mel shouting, ‘What happened to his hair?’ I looked like I had gone to see Don King’s hair stylist.”

Caviezel was not the only person who got hit by lightning while filming The Passion. “After I got hit, Jon Mikalini, an assistant, came over and asked if I was okay. Then, he got hit too. The difference was that they saw the lightning hit Jon. All I felt was a big slap on my ears and saw pink and red static in front of my eyes for a few seconds.”

Surprisingly, it wasn’t the first time the assistant director got hit while working. According to BBC News, Mikalini had been struck by lightning before when it hit his umbrella. Thankfully, he only got minor burns on his fingertips. Can you believe the chances of that happening? It’s extremely rare, with odds of 1 in 11,728,889,000,000 if you live in the United States.

During the filming of The Passion of the Christ, they had a hidden whipping post set up behind Jim Caviezel. However, there was a problem. One of the actors who was supposed to be whipping Jim didn’t have a great aim when swinging the whip. Jim Caviezel explained that the lash went beyond the board and hit him really hard, making it difficult for him to breathe. He said it felt like having the wind knocked out of him, and the pain was so bad that he couldn’t catch his breath.

Caviezel was not happy. He said, “I turned around and looked at the guy, and I tell you, I may be playing Jesus, but I felt like Satan at that moment… a couple of bad words came out of my mouth.” Unfortunately, shortly after that, Caviezel accidentally got another hit. Playing the role of Jesus isn’t as easy as it seems.

Caviezel had a tough time making the movie. He got hit by lightning, got a few lashes in the wrong place, and even hurt his shoulder while carrying a really heavy cross in the film. The cross he had to carry weighed 150 pounds, and it felt even heavier as the day went on, according to Caviezel.

Miracles that happened on set

Mel Gibson talked a lot about weird incidents that happened while making the movie. In an interview, Gibson said some unusual events occurred on set. Some of the amazing things that happened were people getting better from illnesses, getting their sight and hearing back, and most importantly, finding salvation. There was a little six-year-old girl, whose parent worked on the movie crew. She had epilepsy since she was born and used to have up to 50 seizures every day. After the movie came out, she seemed to be almost cured. She didn’t have any seizures for more than a month. It was also said that she was dealing with her condition much better.

Filming the movie “The Passion of the Christ” had a significant effect on many people involved. The set of the film became a place where people talked about their faith. Father John Bartunek, a priest on set, said that everyone felt comfortable discussing spiritual things. He compared himself to a lightning rod for these conversations, but he didn’t actually get struck by lightning.

Because of their experiences during the making of the film, many actors and crew members decided to become Christians (specifically, Catholics) after the movie was done. Even an Atheist actor, Luca Lionello, who played the role of Judas Iscariot, converted to Christianity.

Being in a film and playing a character with a lot of flaws, like Judas, can lead to finding salvation. The impact of the finished movie on those who watch it could be significant, making a positive difference in their lives.

An actor named Luca Lionello, who used to call himself an “angry atheist,” changed his beliefs while working on a film. He played the role of Judas. Towards the end of making the movie, Lionello started considering the film’s main character as his lord and savior. He even went for confession, and it seems the whole experience had a big impact on him. He baptized his children, made his marriage sacred, and returned to the Church.

Read also:

• Andrew McAuley Disappears In Middle of Ocean, Leaving Behind Terrifying Video
• This Romanian Man Disappeared in 1991 & Returned 30 Years Later Wearing the Same Clothes with No Memory
• Woody Harrelson’s Father was Involved In JFK Assassination, Says Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Mel Gibson wanted to make a sequel called ‘The Passion of the Christ: Resurrection,’ even though there were some challenges. It was supposed to be released in 2022. The actor Caviezel, who was in the first movie, also said he will be in the next part. He believed it would be the “biggest film in history” and hinted that it would be done in a unique and special way.

Gibson, however, faced personal controversies. He faced legal problems because of issues with alcohol, and in 2006, he was arrested for driving under the influence. He also made comments that offended Jewish people and said bad things about the LGBT community, which made people criticize him even more. The film was already causing controversy because of its violent scenes, historical mistakes, and accusations of being anti-Jewish.

Now, there’s talk about a sequel to the movie that will explore a question about the three days before Jesus came back to life. This has the potential to create more controversy. Some people wonder if Gibson’s personal beliefs affected the first movie, making it controversial.

The Passion of the Christ was criticized for not being accurate to the Bible, having historical errors, and portraying Jewish characters in a bad way. Some say the violence in the film was too much and distracted from its message about redemption. People have different opinions on whether accidents on the movie set were just accidents or if something more mysterious was happening.

As everyone waits for the sequel, the controversies from the first movie are still being talked about. People discuss faith, how art is interpreted, and whether personal beliefs should affect movies. We’ll have to see if the sequel faces similar challenges, adding more mystery to this interesting Hollywood story.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

During standard surveillance operations, a drone under the command of the 406th Battalion has recorded footage of a cigar-shaped UFO hovering above Ukraine's front line. 

The object lacks wings or apparent means of propulsion, distinguishing it from conventional aircraft like airplanes or helicopters. 

Speculation suggests it could be a reconnaissance balloon or drone or eventually an extraterrestrial craft observing activities in the area. 

The brief 17-second recording of the strange object has stirred curiosity among viewers and experts alike, adding an additional layer of intrigue to the ongoing situation in Ukraine.

  

 { https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Surviving an Alien Encounter: Insights from Harvard’s Avi Loeb

In a world where the possibility of extraterrestrial life captivates the imagination of many, the question of how humanity would fare in the face of an alien invasion remains a topic of intense speculation and debate. Avi Loeb, a renowned astrophysicist from Harvard University, offers a perspective that challenges conventional narratives surrounding this speculative scenario.

The Foundation of Fear and Fascination

Public interest in aliens often oscillates between curiosity and apprehension, reflecting a deep-seated fear of the unknown. A poll conducted by Loeb revealed a predominant belief that contact with extraterrestrial beings could have catastrophic consequences for humanity. This sentiment, according to Loeb, is rooted in the human tendency to anticipate negative outcomes from unfamiliar situations, a psychological artifact of our evolutionary history.

Tribalism in the Cosmic Context

Loeb draws parallels between the fear of alien encounters and the tribalism that characterizes human social interactions. Just as individuals align themselves with groups that share their views, thereby ostracizing those who do not, humanity as a whole tends to view potential extraterrestrial beings through a lens of suspicion and hostility. This instinct, while beneficial in a world of limited resources, may not serve us well in the vast expanse of space, where resources are abundant and the potential for collaboration with advanced civilizations could be transformative.

A Learning Opportunity, Not a Threat

Contrary to the popular narrative of doom, Loeb views the prospect of encountering advanced alien civilizations as an unparalleled opportunity for learning and growth. Given the immense distances involved in interstellar travel, any civilization capable of reaching Earth would likely possess technology far beyond our current understanding. Rather than posing a threat, these civilizations could offer insights and knowledge that propel human technology and society forward in leaps and bounds.

Rethinking Our Place in the Universe

The discovery of extraterrestrial life would inevitably force humanity to reconsider its place in the universe. Loeb suggests that this could be a humbling yet enlightening experience, pushing us to abandon our tribalistic tendencies in favor of a more unified view of humanity as part of a larger cosmic community. This shift in perspective could lead to a more cooperative and peaceful existence, both among ourselves and with any neighbors we might encounter in the galaxy.

VIDEO:

• Could Humanity Survive an Alien Invasion? Harvard’s Avi Loeb Offers His Perspective

• https://youtu.be/EXfh86Tg9DI

Avi Loeb’s perspective on the potential for human-alien interaction is a beacon of optimism in a field often overshadowed by fear and pessimism. By advocating for curiosity, openness, and a willingness to learn from the unknown, Loeb encourages us to view the possibility of extraterrestrial encounters not as a threat, but as an opportunity to advance our understanding of the universe and our place within it. As we continue to explore the cosmos, keeping an open mind about the potential for alien life could be the key to unlocking a future of unprecedented growth and cooperation.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Japanse maanlander opnieuw geactiveerd na twee weken verplichte rust

Japanse maanlander opnieuw geactiveerd na twee weken verplichte rust

© Aangeboden door Belga

Na twee weken maannacht is de Japanse maanlander SLIM opnieuw geactiveerd, meldt het Japanse ruimtevaartprogramma Jaxa.

De term maannacht verwijst naar een periode waarin het naar de aarde gekeerde deel van de maan geen zonlicht krijgt en de temperaturen dan ook navenant zakken. Een maannacht duurt ongeveer 15 dagen en de temperaturen kunnen zakken tot onder -160 graden Celsius.

"De voorbije nacht is een commando gestuurd naar SLIM en is een antwoord ontvangen, wat bevestigt dat het toestel de maannacht overleefd heeft en zijn vermogen om te communiceren behouden heeft", schrijft Jaxa op X, het voormalige Twitter. "De communicatie met SLIM werd na korte tijd afgebroken, omdat het nog steeds middag was op de maan en de temperatuur van de communicatietemperatuur erg hoog was. Er worden voorbereidingen getroffen om de operaties te hervatten wanneer de temperaturen van de instrumenten voldoende zijn afgekoeld", vervolgt Jaxa.

De Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) landde op 20 januari op 55 meter van zijn oorspronkelijke doel op de maan. Dat maakte van Japan het vijfde land dat met succes landde op de maan, na de Verenigde Staten, de Sovjet-Unie, China en India. Door een motorprobleem in de laatste meters van de afdaling landde SLIM in een hoek, waardoor zijn naar het westen gerichte fotovoltaïsche cellen geen zonlicht konden opvangen. SLIM kwam in een kleine krater, genaamd Shioli, terecht. Voor het toestel werd uitgeschakeld, laadde het twee minirovers uit, die analyses zullen uitvoeren op gesteente uit de interne structuur van de maan, de maanmantel.

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

De waarheid over microplastics

©Shutterstock

De waarheid over microplastics

Microplastics zijn overal. Ze zijn op de meest afgelegen plaatsen gevonden; bij zeedieren die in de diepste loopgraven van de oceaan leven, begraven in zee-ijs op Antarctica, en in drinkwater over de hele wereld. Deze fragmenten worden via een aantal verschillende kanalen verspreid en nu worden ze ook in het menselijk lichaam aangetroffen. Nu besmetting onvermijdelijk wordt, is het tijd om de effecten van deze vervuilende stof op zowel het milieu als onze fysieke gezondheid te leren kennen en volledig te begrijpen.

Bekijk de volgende galerij-foto's en ontdekt de waarheid over microplasticvervuiling .

©Shutterstock

Kleine stukjes plastic
Uit een onlangs vrijgegeven onderzoek is gebleken dat flessenwater honderdduizenden ‘nanoplastics’ bevat. Deze kleine fragmenten zijn slechts 100 nanometer (of minder) groot.

©Shutterstock

Nanoplastics
Nanoplastics zijn alomtegenwoordig in stedelijke wateren. Ze hebben verschillende kenmerken in vergelijking met microplastics, en vanwege hun omvang is het zelfs nog moeilijker om ze te analyseren.

©Shutterstock

Flessen water
Een gemiddelde liter plastic fles water bevat volgens onderzoekers van Columbia en Rutgers in de VS bijna een kwart miljoen nanoplasticfragmenten.

©Shutterstock

Onderzoek
De onderzoekers ontdekten dat een groot deel van de consumptie uit de waterfles zelf kwam, en het is onbekend of dit een ernstig risico voor de volksgezondheid met zich meebrengt.

©Shutterstock

WHO-bevindingen
In 2019 concludeerde de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie dat er niet genoeg bewijs was om aan te tonen dat de consumptie of het inademen van microplastics een risico vormde.

©Shutterstock

WHO-bevindingen
Ze waarschuwden echter dat deeltjes die kleiner zijn dan 10 micrometer meer dan waarschijnlijk biologisch zullen worden opgenomen, en riepen op tot een vermindering van de plasticvervuiling.

©Shutterstock

Microplastics in voedsel
Maar onze blootstelling aan microplastics beperkt zich niet alleen tot het water dat we drinken. Ze worden ook verspreid op landbouwgrond, om uiteindelijk in het voedsel dat we eten terecht te komen.

©Shutterstock

Microplastics in landbouwgrond
Uit een analyse uit 2022 bleek dat het rioolslib dat wordt gebruikt om gewassen te bemesten bijna 20 miljoen hectare Amerikaanse landbouwgrond heeft vervuild.

©Shutterstock

Riolering
Het is ook bewezen dat de 'forever chemicaliën', oftewel PFA's (per- en polyfluoralkylstoffen), en microplastics die in het slib worden aangetroffen, elk jaar de Europese landbouwgronden vervuilen.

©Shutterstock

Plastic in elke hap
Of we het ons nu realiseren of niet, elke hap die we nemen kan microplastics bevatten. Plastic lijkt zich het meest op te hopen in de wortels van groenten, dus wortelen, radijsjes en rapen kunnen grotere hoeveelheden bevatten dan bijvoorbeeld groene bladgroenten.

©Shutterstock

Microplastics in de longen
In 2022 ontdekten wetenschappers voor het eerst microdeeltjes in menselijke longen en bloed. De ontdekking onderstreepte de urgentie van de noodzaak om alternatieven voor plastic te vinden.

©Shutterstock

Menselijke organen
In voorgaande jaren zijn microplastics aangetroffen in menselijke organen, waaronder de milt, nieren en lever.

©Shutterstock

Consumentenproducten
De bron van de microplastics die in het menselijk lichaam worden aangetroffen varieert, maar consumentenproducten zoals plastic flessen, textielvezels (vooral in polyester) en voedselverpakkingen die in de oceaan, de lucht, zeevruchten en zelfs zout worden aangetroffen, zijn de meest waarschijnlijke bronnen.

©Shutterstock

Consumptie
Er wordt aangenomen dat Amerikanen dagelijks ongeveer 126 deeltjes microplastics consumeren en 132 deeltjes microplastics inademen. Terwijl de meeste hiervan door de darmen gaan en het lichaam verlaten, blijven andere in kleine hoeveelheden achter en hopen zich op.

©Shutterstock

Afbraak van microplastics
Microplastics zijn gemaakt van giftige, schadelijke verbindingen zoals weekmakers, stabilisatoren, vulstoffen en smeermiddelen die tientallen jaren lang niet worden afgebroken.

©Shutterstock

Afbraak van microplastics
Er wordt uitgebreid onderzoek gedaan om te bepalen wat de langetermijneffecten van deze microplastics in het lichaam zullen zijn, gezien hun langzaam afbrekende karakter.

©Shutterstock

BPA
BPA, een veel voorkomende chemische stof die in plastic wordt gebruikt, is een bekende hormoonontregelaar (hormoonsysteemverstoorder), en veel bedrijven produceren nu BPA-vrij plastic. Maar het is niet de enige.

©Shutterstock

Kankerverwekkend
Veel andere chemicaliën in kunststoffen zijn ook hormoonontregelaars en kankerverwekkend. Chronische ziekten zoals hartziekten en diabetes houden verband met de uitstoot van deze chemicaliën.

©Shutterstock

Sterk bewerkte voedingsmiddelen
Microplastics breken af ​​van grotere stukken plastic en komen via het productie- en opslagproces in voedsel terecht. Hoe beter het voedsel is bewerkt, hoe groter de hoeveelheid microplastics die erin zit.

©Shutterstock

Onvermijdelijk?
Hoewel er stappen zijn die we als individu kunnen nemen om onze consumptie van microplastics terug te dringen, maakt de populatie microplastics het consumeren ervan in een of andere vorm onvermijdelijk.

©Shutterstock

Productiebedrijven
Miljoenen tonnen microplastics worden geproduceerd door productiebedrijven, om vervolgens in watermassa’s te belanden die over de hele wereld circuleren

©Shutterstock

Plastic vervuiling
Grotere kunststoffen die in waterlichamen worden aangetroffen, worden door de zon afgebroken tot kleine kunststoffen die in de drinkwatervoorziening terecht kunnen komen.

©Shutterstock

De waarheid over recycling
Het merendeel van het plastic dat voor recycling wordt verzonden, wordt niet gerecycled. Veel van de plastic flessen en tassen die worden verzonden, belanden uiteindelijk op een stortplaats.

©Shutterstock

Overmatig gebruik van plastic
In het dagelijks leven is onze afhankelijkheid van plastic verpakkingen verbazingwekkend. Vooral voedselverpakkingen zijn overbodig: groenten en fruit hoeven niet in plastic verpakt te worden, maar vaak wel.

©Shutterstock

Regulatie
In de VS is de afgelopen jaren bezuinigd op de regelgeving en het milieubeschermingsbeleid. Deze zullen van invloed zijn op de toekomst van de consumptie van microplastics.

©Shutterstock

Kleren
Een andere mogelijke manier waarop microplastics door het lichaam kunnen worden opgenomen, is via kleding. Vaak zal goedkoper gemaakte kleding een hoger gehalte aan synthetische materialen bevatten. Hierdoor lopen mensen met een lager inkomen een groter risico op dit soort besmettingen.

©Shutterstock

Biologisch afbreekbare kunststoffen
Het kan lang duren voordat biologisch afbreekbare kunststoffen uiteenvallen, zelfs jaren. Meestal vallen ze uiteen in kleinere stukjes, in plaats van chemische componenten. Dit soort producten zou het plasticprobleem kunnen verergeren.

©Shutterstock

Glazen flessen
Glas is gemaakt van silica, dat een grotere ecologische voetafdruk heeft dan drankkartons en aluminium blikjes. Hoewel hun recyclingpercentage hoger is, is het een complexe kwestie: de productie van glas kan leiden tot landverslechtering en verlies aan biodiversiteit.

©Shutterstock

De toekomst?
Onderzoekers hebben gekeken naar bacteriën en schimmels die zich voeden met plastic en deze materialen kunnen afbreken. Er is een soort keverlarve gevonden die polystyreen verslindt. Ook worden chemische behandelingen en waterfiltratiesystemen onderzocht die microplastics kunnen verwijderen.

Bronnen:

• (BBC Future)
• (The Science Survey)
• (National Geographic)
• (ScienceDirect)

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/feed?ocid=msedgntp&pc=acts }

With warming temperatures, some scientists warn that an increase in microbial activity in Earth’s soil could impact carbon stocks, which are especially prevalent in soils at higher latitudes where the activity of these organisms had once been limited by cooler temperatures.

Now, as more microorganisms awaken with rising temperatures, the carbon stocks within these soils are becoming more susceptible to decomposition and could lead to increases in the release of carbon into the atmosphere.

The findings were the result of a new study by researchers at the University of Vienna’s Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science (CeMESS).

According to the team behind the study, their findings represent a potentially major shift in how scientists view microbial activity in our soil, and the role these organisms play in the global carbon cycle, as well as its relationship to Earth’s climate.

Previously, it had been assumed that the release of carbon into the atmosphere was due to the accelerated growth of existing microbes due to warmer temperatures, although the new findings confirm the primary mechanism to be the activation of dormant bacteria.

Andreas Richter, lead author of the study and professor at the University’s Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, says soils are the planet’s most significant supply of organic carbon, and the microorganisms within them govern the Earth’s carbon cycle as they break down materials, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.

Of particular concern to researchers is what is called soil carbon-climate feedback, which is the cycle that arises from the proportional emission of carbon dioxide by microorganisms that awaken as temperatures rise, thereby contributing to overall global warming trends.

As part of their research, Richter and his colleagues traveled to a region of Iceland where elevated soil temperatures compared with nearby areas were especially significant.

Dennis Metze Ph.D., the study’s lead author, said that increased microbial growth was evident in areas that had seen more than half a century of consistent soil warming.

“But remarkably, the growth rates of microbes in warmer soils were indistinguishable to those at normal temperatures,” Metze added, noting that the key difference the researchers found was bacterial diversity, in that warmer soils had a much greater variety of different active microbes.

The team made these discoveries through the collection of soil cores, and the application of state-of-the-art isotope probing capabilities.

Christina Kaiser, an associate professor involved with the study, likened the complexity of soil’s microbiomes and their response to climate “a ‘black box’ in climate modeling.”

The team says their findings will likely assist in the generation of more accurate models going forward and could help to unravel some of the existing mysteries involving how microbial communities respond to warmer temperatures, and their relationship to the overall carbon cycle going forward.

The team’s new study, “Soil warming increases the number of growing bacterial taxa but not their growth rates,” was published in the journal Science Advances on February 23, 2024.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work at micahhanks.com and on X: @MicahHanks.

 { https://thedebrief.org/ }

The Uncanny Donut-Shaped Region Beyond Neptune Could Be ‘Billions of Miles’ Larger Than We Thought

A NASA spacecraft has encountered a puzzling finding in this cosmic hinterland.

BY DORIS ELÍN URRUTIA

 

NASA/Esa/G Bacon/Shutterstock

To give an idea of how far away New Horizons currently is, it has been almost nine years since the spacecraft visited Pluto. It’s now about 60 times farther away than the distance between the Sun and the Earth, or 60 astronomical units (AU).

During the three years it took to go from 45 to 55 AUs, its Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (SDC) instrument found something unusual. The Kuiper Belt showed higher levels of dust than models suggested. The dust is a symptom of its environment and could mean several things that the New Horizons team hopes to one day answer.

NASA officials announced on Tuesday, adding that the work is detailed in a study published in late January in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.

NASA says the new data contributes to “a growing body of evidence that suggests the outer edge of the main Kuiper Belt could extend billions of miles farther than current estimates — or that there could even be a second belt beyond the one we already know.”

Pluto is undeniably a frigid place, this image shows. According to NASA, this is the most accurate natural color images of Pluto from the space agency’s New Horizons spacecraft. Now located about 60 AU from the Sun, the spacecraft flew past the dwarf planet at a distance of around 39 AU from the Sun in 2015.

NASA/JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY/SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE/ALEX PARKER

Telescopes on Earth have discovered several Kuiper Belt Objects that exist far beyond the traditional outer edge of the belt, around 50 AU. This, plus the New Horizons dust readings, highlights the scope of this icy population. The dust can be made when two objects smash into each other.

If earlier science models were accurate, New Horizons should have sailed beyond the Kuiper Belt about 10 AU ago. Now there are new ideas about the region's size.

The outer edge could be located at 80 AU, which, if Neptune’s orbit is considered where the belt starts (around 30 AU), means that the Kuiper Belt, on its own, is about 10 times bigger than the distance between the Sun and Jupiter.

New Horizons has notched 5 billion miles over 18 years. NASA says it has a lot of life left in it. According to the agency, the spacecraft should have enough propellant to carry it beyond 100 AU from the Sun and to operate through the 2040s.

One day, when it’s even farther away than it is now, the SDC instrument may sense the dominance of interstellar particles. If and when that happens, astronomy from the edge of our cosmic backyard won’t ever be the same.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

A Planetary Disk in the Orion Nebula is Destroying and Replenishing Oceans of Water Every Month

The Orion Nebula is one of the most studied objects in the sky. Many of its protostars and their planetary disks likely contain water in some form. Image: NASA

The Water Cycle of a Proplyd

We all know that water is an important ingredient for life. It certainly played a role in creating and sustaining life on our planet. As it turns out, water is a significant fraction of the materials in a proplyd. In the infant Solar System, water existed throughout our proplyd long before any of the planets formed, largely in their icy form, either as icy bodies or locked into asteroids and planetesimals. It also exists in interstellar space.

This view of Earth’s horizon by an Expedition 7 crewmember onboard the International Space Station. A new study suggests that Earth’s water didn’t all come from comets, but likely also came from water-rich planetesimals. Credit: NASA

Most of Earth’s water got delivered to the forming planet over millions of years. It melted or outgassed to form the oceans, rivers, and lakes we see today. But, some fraction of the water in our system’s birth disk probably went through a “freeze-thaw” cycle within the disk. That happened when the Solar System was still just a disk of gas and dust. The water was essentially destroyed and then re-formed at higher temperatures.

We can’t see that effect anymore in our system. But, astronomers can point telescopes at other proplyds to see if the same process happens there. That’s what Peeters and her team did. They used JWST to look at d203-506. There, bright young stars flood the nearby regions in the proplyd with intense ultraviolet radiation. The UV breaks up water molecules to form hydroxyl molecules and that process also releases infrared light. JWST can search out that light and report back on how much hydroxyl is in the birth cloud. The team estimates that the process in d203-506 regularly destroys and replenishes about an Earth oceans-full of water each month.

Formation of the Solar System Implications

The d203-506 system is currently forming new worlds, but it began as a cloud of gas and dust without a star. That’s exactly how our own Solar System began—as a cloud of gas and dust more than 4.5 billion years ago. The cloud it formed from was a cold, dark nebula containing some amount of water ice, or water-rich material. Something nudged the cloud to coalesce into a region of higher density, and that continued to shrink in on itself under the force of gravity. Temperatures rose, and eventually, a protostar began to form. Ultraviolet from the Sun irradiated the birth cloud, and that led to a similar water-destroying and replenishing activity. Heat and radiation from the Sun also forced lighter elements to migrate out to cooler regions in the system.

So, d203-506 makes a great analog to study the water cycle in the infant Solar System. Based on this JWST data, it’s very likely that water in Earth’s oceans went through this same process. Eventually, that water made its way to the planetesimals and icy bodies that helped form the worlds of the Solar System.

The icy bodies of the outer solar system probably didn’t experience the same extremes of heating, destruction, and replenishment. That’s because they migrated out to (or already existed at) great enough distances that the irradiation from the Sun didn’t have the same effect. That’s one reason planetary scientists are also interested in sampling those distant bodies. Their “primordial” water ices are a good sample of what conditions were like in the original nebula before it coalesced to form the Sun and planets.

For More Information

• Researchers Find Destruction of Oceans’ Worth of Water per Month in Orion Nebula
• OH as a Probe of Warm-water Cycle in Planet-forming Disks (journal link)
• OH as a Probe of Warm-water Cycle in Planet-forming Disks (arXiv link)

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus Lander Sends Faint Signal From the Moon

A Mysterious Encounter: The 406th Battalion’s UFO Sighting Over Ukraine

In an age where the sky is no longer the limit, a recent video capturing an unidentified flying object (UFO) has reignited the curiosity and speculation surrounding extraterrestrial phenomena. Filmed earlier this year, the intriguing footage was obtained by the 406th Battalion using a drone, as it hovered over the tumultuous front lines of Ukraine. This 17-second clip, viewed through a laptop, has become a focal point for both believers and skeptics of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs).

The Encounter Unfolded

The video begins in an ordinary setting, with soldiers operating a drone, unaware of the astonishing discovery they are about to make. The atmosphere shifts dramatically as the drone camera captures an enigmatic object, prompting a flurry of bewildered reactions from the soldiers. Their dialogue, a mix of incredulity and humor, underscores the surreal nature of the encounter:

• “Why can’t he fire missiles at us? What do you mean?”
• “Holy f*ck… f*ck…”
• “What the f*ck is this?”
• “I’m telling you it’s a UFO for sure it standing still.”
• “Zoom in more.”
• “It’s standing still, do you see?”
• “Can’t see anything on the thermal cameras?”
• “Maybe ram it?” [as a joke]

These words, laced with astonishment and disbelief, capture the raw emotion of the moment. The object, described as stationary and elusive to thermal detection, presents characteristics often associated with UFO sightings. The suggestion to “maybe ram it” adds a light-hearted twist to an otherwise tense observation, hinting at the human tendency to find humor even in the most mysterious situations.

What Makes This Sighting Stand Out?

What sets this sighting apart is not just the visual evidence, but the context in which it was captured. The front lines of a conflict zone are unlikely settings for deliberate fabrications of UFO footage, lending a layer of credibility to the encounter. The 406th Battalion, engaged in the day-to-day realities of military operations, inadvertently stumbled upon a phenomenon that defies easy explanation.

The Significance of This Sighting

This sighting contributes to the growing archive of UAP encounters, prompting discussions about the nature and origin of these objects. While skeptics may attribute such phenomena to drones or other explainable entities, the characteristics displayed in this video—such as the object’s immobility and invisibility to thermal cameras—challenge conventional explanations.

This Exclusive footage was sent in by a unit we fundraise for over at UkraineFreedomNews. 406th battalion UAF captured some kind of UAP on their drone while surveilling the frontline. 

A Call to Explore the Unknown

The 406th Battalion’s UFO sighting is a reminder of the vast, uncharted territories that exist not only in the cosmos but within our own atmosphere. It invites enthusiasts, experts, and the curious to ponder the possibilities of what lies beyond our understanding. As technology advances and more eyes turn skyward, the search for answers continues.

For those intrigued by the mysteries of the universe, this video serves as a compelling piece of evidence in the ongoing investigation into UFO sightings. It underscores the reality that, sometimes, the truth is not only out there but also hovering above us, waiting to be discovered.

• https://youtu.be/Ay01t-TPUNE

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ay01t-TPUNE

Whether this video will become a cornerstone piece of evidence in UFOlogy or a curious footnote in the history of aerial phenomena remains to be seen. However, its impact on the conversation around UFO sightings—capturing the imagination of millions and perhaps encouraging a more serious consideration of the unexplained—is undeniable. The skies above Ukraine have offered up a new mystery, fueling the human quest for knowledge and the eternal question: are we truly alone in the universe?

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Mystery of Massachusetts' 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch of unchartered woods where locals claim they've seen flying saucers, glowing orange orbs and BIG FOOT

• The woods that line the small city of Leominster, near Boston in central Massachusetts, are a supernatural hotbed  
• For decades there have been rumored sightings of UFOs, strange glowing orbs and even Bigfoot - earning the area its ominous nickname
• Others claim cars mysteriously break down and residents have been abducted 

By ALEX HAMMER FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Deep in the heart of Massachusetts is a spooky place known as 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch famed for its paranormal activity.

For centuries, the eerie woods that line the small city of Leominster, near Boston, have been a hotbed for rumored sightings of UFOs, strange glowing orbs and even BigFoot himself. 

Some say these mysterious tales first began surfacing in the New England town in the 1800s, with locals sharing stories about a berry-eating beast. 

But suspicions really took off in the 50s after a man claimed in a local bar that he had encountered a 'monster' - before vanishing when he left to track it down. 

Since then there reported supernatural sightings have only increased, earning the area its ominous nickname and attracting Big Foot hunters from all over the country. 

Scroll down for video: 

The area known as 'Monsterland' - a five-mile stretch of forest-surrounded Leominster famed for paranormal activity - is seen here

For decades there have been rumored sightings of UFOs, strange glowing orbs, and even Bigfoot. Pictured: A part of the area and the surrounding Leominster State Forest

Claims of apelike creatures, glowing orange orbs and car engines suddenly giving out in the area are now rife. Pictured is a cast of a 'humanoid print' found in the forest in 2010

Ronny Le Blanc, 66, grew up a few hundred yards from Leominster, around the time the sightings first started. 

After his first supernatural experience there when he was 11-years-old, he has since made it his mission to get to the bottom of the unexplained activity.

'I think because these things have happened to me personally, it's created this obsession where I need to find out more,' the author of 2016's Monsterland told CBS Boston of his experiences in the now-infamous area.

'The reason it gets its name is there were sightings of Bigfoot creatures going back to the late 1800s,' he explained - before producing a cast of footprints he claims came from the fabled sasquatch.

He further claimed: 'What I started noticing is that there was a lot of activities and stories in and around Leominster State Forest, which connects to Monsterland through the powerlines.'

After that bit of geography, he joked that a lot of locals like himself used to call it 'Monstah-land' - donning a trademark Boston accent to do so.

'It goes back to the '50s,' he continued, '[when] there was a gentleman that supposedly disappeared after seeing a strange creature by Old Mill Road.'

The legend surrounds an unnamed man who entered a Leominster bar one summer night visibly agitated.

When the barkeep asked him what was wrong, the man reportedly responded that he had just seen a 'terrifying monster' on the now notorious Old Mill Road that bleeds into Leominster State Forest and the surrounding areas.

He asked the proprietor to call police but instead of waiting he declared he was going out to go kill the monster himself and bring back the creature's body as proof. 

But he was never seen again. When the cops arrived, the bar manager told them what had happened, spurring them to drive down to Old Mill Road.

There they found the man's car parked by the side of the street with its lights on and no one inside.

Balking at the concept of venturing into a largely uncharted 4,300-acre forest at night, the officers decided to wait until morning.

But the man never returned and the case remains a mystery to this day - with the legend helping to earn the street and surrounding area its Monsterland nickname.

Mysterious occurrences can mostly be traced back to the 50s, when a man entered a local bar and claimed he encountered a 'monster' before later disappearing

The small expanse of land where most of the encounters have occurred is centered around the now notorious Old Mill Road. Ronny Le Blanc, 66, grew up a few hundred yards away, and since made it his mission to shine a light on what's happening in the area

Many say the sightings first surfaced in the town in the 1800s, with tales involving a berry-eating beast. Today there are rumored sightings of the legendary BigFoot

Today, that road still stands - and according to Le Blanc and countless others, it is still a hive of unnatural activity.

Claims of apelike creatures, humanoid footprints, and car engines suddenly giving out are now rife - with several, including Le Blanc, spotting strange orbs floating overhead.

He believes the latter and the at-large beast are indelibly linked, citing other reports of people actually spotting the monster holding these 'orange spheres'.

Different objects described as 'flying saucers' have also been reported, with some caught on camera.

Le Blanche suspects they are all related, and claims to have witnessed the floating orbs at least nine times over the years.

Several other sightings have been reported since, including one on July 3 of 2012, and another almost ten years later on April 13, 2022.

Both occurrences were caught on camera, and the orbs in each are eerily identical.

All the more alarming is that the strange orange objects - reminiscent even from afar of fireballs - fit the descriptions of countless Leominster residents over the decades, including several whom have spoke to Le Blanc.

'People have seen Bigfoot holding an orb,' he told the outlet during a tour through  the area in 2022. 'They look like a basketball with plasma swirling around and they’re silent. I've just seen them hovering over the sky and just blink out and disappear.'

Several people, including Le Blanc, have spotted strange orbs floating over the forest, such as these recorded by a resident on July 3, 2012

Almost identical objects were filmed nearly a decade later on April 13, 2022, by 52-year-old Corey Tourigny, who recorded them hovering over the area for some 15 minutes, before disappearing one by one

Descriptions offered by others are strikingly similar - with the citizen who spotted three unidentified objects between 8:30pm and 8:45pm in 2022 saying: 'There was no sound as they kept coming from a north west mountain area traveling south east.

'They would all change their direction and head west /south west as if they were programmed to all do it at the same exact time.

'Some were faster than others and some flew lower than others,' he went on, after recording the UFOs over his home in South Leominster near so-called 'Monsterland'.

'My estimation is they were about one hundred feet above tree top level,' he recalled.

'They would pause in formation for a while and then break off and head West as other came over the mountain area.'

After several minutes of hovering in his footage, the objects disappear.

The resident, 52-year-old Corey Tourigny, added: 'I called over [a local police officer that lived next door] to see what these things could possibly be, but he had no explanation as well.'

At least a dozen others who have had alleged encounters with the orbs also had a similar lack of luck in deciphering their significance.

Another unidentified flying object recorded over Leominster on July 24, 2019, is seen here

The footage shows the object bursting into frame like a fireball before suddenly disappearing. Some contend it was a meteor

Le Blanc, however, has a few ideas - referencing the case of late Leominster resident Betty Andreasson, who claimed  that on January 25, 1967, she was abducted by extraterrestrial aliens from her South Ashburnham home about a dozen miles from Monsterland.

She also claims to have had a close encounter in 1944 in Leominster - as did several others around the time of time of her second sighting, which somewhat coincides with the clips captured on film.

'There was a huge UFO wave in 1967 in Central Mass,' Le Blanc in 2020 said.

'People were seeing UFOs over ponds and lakes and there was a lady in Fitchburg saying there are UFOs coming out of the reservoir.'

'When I started researching, I found out that Betty Andreasson had this thing happen down on Howard Street (in Leominster)', he added.

'During this time, this area was also getting a wave of Bigfoot sightings and reports from the state police.'

One such case surrounds a couple who saw a UFO over St. Leo's Cemetery in Leominster - a few miles north of Monsterland - in March 1967 and another in the '70s when another pair spotted a rectangular UFO with lights by a hillside in Ashburnham.

'They’re looking at this thing and they’re just dumbfounded how something so large could just be hovering silently there,' Le Blanc said of the Ashburnham incident.

'Flash of light and all of a sudden the UFO is gone and they look at each other and the wife notices that they have missing time, about 20 minutes. 

'But, the other thing, now their car is on the opposite side of the road, like they were put back but in the wrong place.'

'This ball of light... this mental telepathy and these gray aliens, [there's] stuff happening in the forests in Westminster and South Ashburnham.'

One couple claim they saw a UFO over St. Leo's Cemetery in Leominster (seen here) in March 1967 - a few miles north of Monsterland. In the '70s another pair said they spotted a rectangular UFO with lights by a hillside in Ashburnham. Pictured Le Blanc at the cemetery 

Another Leominster resident claimed that on January 25, 1967, she was abducted by aliens from her home about a dozen miles from 'Monsterland', some of which is seen here

In terms of an explanation, he said: 'There are a lot of different theories... but the reality is something is happening. People are seeing [the UFOs and Bigfoot]. They are leaving tracks.'

Several people claim that have encountered massive humanoid footprints on the footpath at the center of Monsterland, Old Mill Road near the Lancaster border where Walmart and other businesses sit.

One set of prints were found by Bill Penning and his wife, Julie, during an innocent hike in the nearby forest in June 2010.

Le Blanc helped the couple cast the prints two years later, in what may be the only physical evidence of the encounters countless are reporting

'People who have claimed to have a Bigfoot in their sights of the guns said they can’t pull the trigger because they looked too human,' he said, after the Pennings told him they found the prints after investigating sounds and movement coming from the forest. 

He continued: 'I always found that fascinating and I feel like for something to be this elusive and so evasive this long, it has to be a more human than animal for it to do that.

Le Blanc added of the nature of the prints and the other sightings: 'This is something more alien, something more interdimensional.

'Ninety-nine percent of these could all be made up. But if you have that one that is legit, this whole thing is real.

'Then it's a game-changer and it's a paradigm shift on how we see the world and how we fit in it in this universe, really,' he concluded.

Le Blanc told CBS Boston: 'There are a lot of different theories... but the reality is something is happening. People are seeing [the UFOs and Bigfoot]. They are leaving tracks'

Le Blanc continued: 'I feel like for something to be this elusive and so evasive this long, it has to be a more human than animal for it to do that'

He added of the nature of the prints and the other sightings: 'This is something more alien, something more interdimensional.

The Pennings, meanwhile, recalled a distinctly eerie feeling after coming across the tracks that made them flee the area.

The sensation was described by the couple in a 2010 interview with the Leominster Champion.

'Where it was early spring there was a lot of brush and berries around us, but not a sound could be heard by anything, no birds, or other animals, just a weird feeling,' Julie told the local paper of how she was overcome.

Bill, meanwhile, recalled feeling disorientated, remembering how he and his wife felt the desperate urge to urge to get out of the woods instead of investigating further.

'I was kind of scared,' he conceded.

Their account is remarkably similar to one described by Le Blanc after a strange encounter behind a local elementary school that still haunts him to this day 

While aged 12, he heard a strange sound in the forest Fallbrook Elementary School - near a bridge on Old Mill Road that still stands today.

'Before they put Samoset (Middle School) there, there was a bunch of tracks that would connect to Monsterland that would go to the sand dunes where people would go partying,' he said of the site, adding that there people had 'reported seeing strange things,' such as UFOs, shadow people, and, balls of light.

'There was one particular track I always used to avoid,' he continued. 'It always had a very dark, ominous feeling to it. It would be a beautiful day, and you look down this thing and it looked dark.'

One day, while biking along this trail, Le Blanc was astounded by the stark silence.

'I start going down this trail with my bike and I just could hear the bike squeaking,' he said. 'I noticed there are no other sounds in the forest. Nothing.'

At this point, Le Blanc recalled coming to a stop. Stuck with an uneasy feeling, he stayed silent and looked around.

'At that moment, something crashed through the woods right in front of me,' he continued.

'I could feel it reverberating in the soles of my feet. It was pushing trees and shrubs, went across the trail and onto the other side. But I couldn’t see anything. That’s what was disturbing.'

Le Blanc described a strange encounter while riding his bike on trail behind a local elementary school (seen here) on the edge of Monsterland that still haunts him to this day

Le Blanc said: 'Something crashed through the woods right in front of me. I could feel it reverberating in the soles of my feet. It was pushing trees and shrubs, went across the trail and onto the other side. But I couldn’t see anything. That’s what was disturbing'

Le Blanc compiled stories of the sightings and his research in 2016's Monsterland, seen here during CBS Boston's 2022 feature. He has urged others with similar experiences to come forward. He is still looking for concrete evidence to support residents' claims

Like the Pennings, he fled the area - and more than four decades later, he's still looking for answers.

He maintains that the Bigfoot sightings are linked to the UFOs, citing other sightings across the country that coincide with the unnatural orbs and sounds people are encountering in the forest.

The forest, meanwhile, has a history dating back to the Native Americans, and much of it to this day is officially uncharted.

He told the Telegram of his suspicions that the sightings - here and across the country - are connected.

'As you dig deeper into Bigfoot, you’re start talking about cloaking and the fact that they can vanish before people’s eyes,' he said

'These stories go back hundreds of years where all of a sudden a posse has this creature cornered and the tracks just disappear in open field, like something just came and picked it up and took it away

'All these stories start to intertwine. A lot of these people are talking about these similar encounters that I had'. 

'It sounds crazy, like something in science fiction,' he added.

He went on:  "Leominster people know what’s going on. People talk. But they also keep their mouths shut and don’t say sh*t either,"

'So, for me to write Monsterland, to actually come forward, was a little bit of a risk and gamble, in the sense people are going to think I’m crazy,' he said of his 2016 tome. 'Whatever.'

Bigfoot believers with similar experiences can contact Le Blanc anonymously on his website, www.ronnyleblanc.com, where he is still hunting evidence to support residents' mysterious claims.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Ukraine 406th battalion UAF recorded a UFO over the battlefield, Feb 2024, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: Feb 2024

Location of sighting: Ukraine

IG Source: 

• https://www.instagram.com/p/C3vGfLDr-HB/

Watch this amazing raw footage on a battlefield in Ukraine fighting back the Russian army. As they are scanning the area in infrared, they notice something odd, hovering over the battlefield in the distance. A UFO is seen on the screen of the computer user as he tries to identify this strange craft to know if it's a Russian enemy or not. Eventually he shrugs it off and calls it a UFO. This is undisputed proof that aliens are highly interested in battlefields and watch and record activities to gather information about the future events that will unfold. 

Scott C. Waring

 

Source states: 

This Exclusive footage was sent in by a unit we fundraise for over at UkraineFreedomNews. 406th battalion UAF captured some kind of UAP on their drone while surveilling the frontline. 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Mysterie over spectaculaire supernova na 37 jaar eindelijk opgelost (met dank aan James Webb)

Artikel door Kathleen Heylen 

Op 23 februari 1987 ontdekten wetenschappers een supernova in de Grote Magelhaense Wolk, een van de meest nabije sterrenstelsels van onze eigen Melkweg. Een supernova is een gigantische ontploffing van een zware ster aan het einde van zijn leven. Daarbij wordt een enorme hoeveelheid licht uitgestraald. SN 1987A, zoals de supernova werd genoemd, was vanop de aarde zelfs met het blote oog zichtbaar.

En het was maandenlang waarneembaar vanop de aarde: de supernova straalde licht uit met de kracht van 100 miljoen zonnen. Het was de meest dichtstbijzijnde supernova die met het blote oog te zien was in meer dan 400 jaar. Maar vergis je niet, "meest dichtsbijzijnd" is in ruimtetermen nog altijd enorm ver. SN 1987A werd waargenomen op een afstand van 160.000 lichtjaar (één lichtjaar is de afstand die het licht overbrugt in één jaar tijd, red).

Lang voor de eigenlijke ontploffing hadden astronomen al details van de ster in kwestie beschreven. Het ging om een blauwe superreus. Superreuzen zijn de allergrootste en allerzwaarste sterren in het heelal, blauwe superreuzen zijn dan ook nog eens de warmste onder de superreuzen. Deze blauwe superreus had een massa die 20 keer groter was dan die van de zon.

Een van de meest bestudeerde objecten

SN 1987A werd een van de meest bestudeerde objecten in het heelal. Onder meer de beroemde ruimtetelescoop Hubble hielp wetenschappers in hun zoektocht naar hun antwoorden op vele vragen. Heel wat van de huidige astronomische kennis over het wat en hoe van supernova's is gebaseerd op onderzoek naar SN 1987A.

Een van die vragen was: wat rest er van de blauwe superreus na de ontploffing? Na een supernova blijft een klein en compact object over, maar wetenschappers konden bij SN 1987A niet achterhalen wat dat object dan precies was. De supernova was zo krachtig, de wolk van gas en stof zo groot, dat astronomen dat met de voorhanden zijnde instrumenten niet rechtstreeks konden bestuderen.

Beelden van SN 1987A die Hubble in februari 2000 kon vastleggen.

© VRTNWS

Neutronenster of zwart gat?

Volgens de huidige theorie ontploffen sterren wanneer ze niet genoeg "brandstof" meer over hebben om hen te doen schijnen. De massa van een ster wordt zo groot (een superreus) dat ze uiteindelijk onder druk van haar eigen zwaartekracht instort. En dan ontstaat ofwel een zwart gat, ofwel een neutronenster.

Een zwart gat is zo krachtig dat niets, zelfs licht niet, eruit kan ontsnappen. Ze kunnen ontstaan als reuzensterren in elkaar storten. Neutronensterren zijn de dode overblijfselen van de ingestorte kern van reuzensterren. Ze zijn de kleinste van alle sterren, maar hebben wel de hoogste dichtheid. Hoe zwaarder de massa van de ster, hoe groter de kans op een zwart gat.

Het onderscheid kunnen maken tussen zwarte gaten en neutronensterren is voor astronomen van belang, omdat bij supernova's chemische elementen vrijkomen zoals koolstof, zuurstof en ijzer. Die maken leven mogelijk. Dé vraag: wat bleef er over na de ontploffing van SN 1987A?

De wonderen van James Webb

Enter de James Webb-telescoop. Die werd op kerstdag 2021 gelanceerd. Met een diameter van 6,5 meter is hij de grootste en meest krachtige telescoop die de mens al de ruimte in gestuurd heeft. James Webb bevindt zich op 1,6 miljoen kilometer van de aarde. Vanaf daar speurt de telescoop naar exoplaneten en het licht van sterren dat al miljarden jaren onderweg is.

Sindsdien laat James Webb niet na om wetenschappers én het grote publiek te imponeren met adembenemende en betekenisvolle beelden van allerlei hoeken en kanten in ons universum. Hij biedt astronomen een schat aan materiaal waarmee ze hun kennis over het heelal kunnen bijstellen. Het zal waarschijnlijk niet verbazen dat het James Webb is die wetenschappers een stap dichter bij een antwoord rond het mysterie van SN 1987A heeft gebracht.

En het antwoord is...

Een internationaal onderzoeksteam geleid door de Zweedse astronoom Claes Fransson van de Universiteit van Stockholm bestudeerde beelden die James Webb maakte van het restant van SN 1987A en van de puinwolk errond. Met de MIRI (Mid-Infra Red Instrument) en de NIRSpec (Near Infra Red Spectrometer) kan James Webb zeer gedetailleerd infraroodstraling in het heelal vastleggen. Vóór James Webb was dat op die manier niet mogelijk.

Wat leverden de James Webb-beelden op? Eenvoudig gezegd: Fransson en zijn team konden in de kern van de explosie licht detecteren dat uitgezonden wordt door sterk geïoniseerde argon- en zwavelgassen. De aanwezigheid van die geïoniseerde gassen kan alleen maar verklaard worden als er een compacte, heldere bron van ultraviolette en röntgenstraling is. En een zwart gat kan daar niet de oorzaak van zijn.

Met andere woorden: het lijkt er heel sterk op dat wat overbleef na de ontploffing van de blauwe superreus in 1987, een neutronenster is.

In het centrum van de ontploffing detecteerden wetenschappers licht dat uitgezonden wordt door sterk geïoniseerd argon- en zwavelgas.

© NASA, ESA, CSA, MIKAKO MATSUURA/CARDIFF UNIVERSITY; RICHARD ARENDT/NASA GSFC/UMBC; CLAES FRANSSON/STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY; JOSEFIN LARSSON/KTH; A. PAGAN/STSCI

Belgisch tintje

"Het is de eerste keer dat we in staat waren om de kern van de supernova te onderzoeken, en wat daar precies ontstaan is", zegt Claes Fransson. "We weten nu dat er een compacte bron van ioniserende straling aanwezig is, vermoedelijk door een neutronenster. We zijn hiernaar al aan het zoeken sinds de waarneming van de ontploffing in 1987, maar we moesten tot nu wachten om onze vermoedens te kunnen toetsen."

Aan het onderzoek werkten 34 wetenschappers uit 12 landen mee. Een van hen is Joris Blommaert van de Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group van de VUB. Hij werkt al sinds begin 2000 mee aan de ontwikkeling van MIRI, cruciaal bij dit onderzoek. "Dankzij onze bijdrage aan MIRI kregen we observatietijd op James Webb die eindelijk toeliet om sterke bewijzen te verzamelen voor het bestaan van de neutronenster", klinkt het in een persbericht.

James Webb kon met zijn MIRI en NIRSpec doordringen tot in het centrum van de supernova.

© NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, C. Fransson (Stockholm University), M. Matsuura (Cardiff University), M. J. Barlow (University College London), P. J. Kavanagh (Maynooth University), J. Larsson (KTH Roy

Babyjaren

al Institute of Technology)

"Hoewel we al onrechtstreekse aanwijzingen hadden, heeft James Webb het eerste rechtstreekse bewijs geleverd dat er een neutronenster is", zegt professor Mike Barlow, fysicus en astronoom aan de Universiteit van Londen. "Het mysterie of er zich een neutronenster schuilhoudt in het stof heeft meer dan 30 jaar aangesleept. Het is opwindend dat we het nu hebben kunnen oplossen."

De komende jaren zullen wetenschappers SN 1987A blijven bestuderen om meer te weten te komen over de exacte details van de explosie. "Als we geluk hebben, krijgen we in de toekomst misschien een duidelijk beeld van de neutronenster zelf", zegt Fransson. Het zou een unieke gelegenheid zijn om een neutronenster van in zijn "babyjaren" op te volgen.

Meer lezen?

• C. Fransson et al., Emission lines due to ionizing radiation from a compact object in the remnant of Supernova 1987A. Science 383, 898-903(2024).

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

Ancient Mars May Have Had Hydrothermal Systems

The history of water on Mars is a puzzle that is of interest to planetary scientists as well as the general public. The Red Planet currently has water in the form of ice at the poles, trace amounts of gas in the atmosphere, and an unknown amount beneath the surface as ground water, bound in minerals, and in ice. However, there is strong evidence that ancient Mars may have had long-lived streams, rivers, and lakes. There is still much to learn about what Mars was like and how it transformed over time. One approach is to study the inventory of water at different times. Now, NASA’s Perseverance rover has found hydrated magnesium sulfate (similar to Epsom salts) and dehydrated calcium sulfate that were formed by water flowing through cracks in volcanic rocks at the bottom of the 3.8-billion-year-old Jezero crater. These hydrated minerals trap water within themselves and record the history of how and when they formed. Returning samples of these minerals to Earth would allow researchers to explore the history of Mars’ water and climate, and possibly evidence of ancient life with the most sensitive instruments possible.

Jezero crater, Mars.

Image credit: NASA / Tim Goudge.

Planetary scientists suspect Mars once had long-lived rivers, lakes and streams.

Today, water on Mars is found in ice at the poles and trapped below the Martian surface.

In new research, University of Cincinnati’s Dr. Andy Czaja and his colleagues revealed that the planet also may have had hydrothermal systems based on the hydrated magnesium sulfate the rover identified in the volcanic rocks.

“When those rocks cool off and fracture, they become a habitable environment for life,” Dr. Czaja said.

“We have not found any definitive evidence of life in these deposits yet. But if there were fossil microorganisms trapped in the rocks, they would be too small to see with the rover.”

“These hydrated minerals trap water within themselves and record the history of how and when they formed.”

“Returning samples of these minerals to Earth would allow researchers to explore the history of Mars’ water and climate and possibly evidence of ancient life with the most sensitive instruments possible.”

Perseverance began its deliberate exploration from the floor of the crater to the front of the delta, formed by an ancient river or drainage channel where it encountered sedimentary rocks that often contain trapped minerals and another avenue for evidence of ancient life.

And last year the rover made it to the crater’s margin in what used to be an enormous lake where it is exploring deposits of magnesium carbonate, which can form geologically or biologically from bacteria.

“The decision to send Perseverance to Jezero crater appears to be paying off,” Dr. Czaja said.

“There were other places we could have gone that might have been just as good.”

“You won’t know until you explore them all. But Jezero was picked for good reason and it has been completely justified.”

Next the rover will make its way out of Jezero crater to explore the wider area.

“We are likely to find rocks dating back 4 billion years or more,” Dr. Czaja said.

“And Mars could harbor stromatolites or rocks that contain evidence of ancient layered mats of bacteria visible to the naked eye.”

“On Earth, these rocks are sometimes found in extreme environments such as geyser basins.”

“I hope that Perseverance has just whetted our appetite for more Martian exploration.”

“And bringing back samples will allow us to study Mars and search for evidence of ancient life with instruments that haven’t even been invented yet for years and years to come.”

• The results were published in the January 2024 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.
• Sandra Siljeström et al. Evidence of Sulfate-Rich Fluid Alteration in Jezero Crater Floor, Mars. JGR: Planets 129 (1): e2023JE007989; doi: 10.1029/2023JE00798

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

Townsend Brown: The Unsung Inventor Behind CIA’s UFO Projects

In the annals of American history, tales of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and their secretive builders have long captivated the imagination of the public. Among these stories, the account of Bob Lazar stands out as one of the most famous and controversial. Lazar claimed to have worked on reverse engineering alien spacecraft at a secret site near Area 51. However, the narrative of UFO development in the United States encompasses more than just Lazar’s revelations. There exists a lesser-known but equally fascinating figure: Townsend Brown, an inventor whose groundbreaking work in

 the mid-20th century may have significantly contributed to the U.S. government’s understanding and potential development of UFO-like technology.Townsend Brown’s journey into the realm of advanced propulsion began not with extraterrestrial artifacts but with the pursuit of a scientific holy grail: unifying the forces of electromagnetism and gravity. Unlike Lazar, whose story is filled with claims of alien technology, Brown’s work was grounded in experimental physics. He explored the potential of high-voltage electrostatic charges to produce propulsion, a concept that might explain the physics-defying maneuvers reported by witnesses of UFOs.

Brown’s most notable contribution to the field was the development of the Biefeld-Brown effect, an anomalous propulsion phenomenon observed when electric charge is applied to asymmetric capacitors in a vacuum. This effect, which seemed to allow objects to levitate or move without conventional propulsion, suggested a potential method for creating craft capable of extraordinary flight capabilities. Brown’s experiments, conducted from the 1920s onward, attracted the attention of both the U.S. Navy and the newly formed CIA, who were interested in any technology that could offer a strategic advantage during the Cold War.

Despite the groundbreaking nature of his work, Townsend Brown remained a relatively obscure figure in the history of American aerospace. His contributions were overshadowed by disinformation campaigns and the classified nature of his research. The government’s interest in his inventions was evident, as evidenced by his coordination with key figures in the American intelligence and scientific communities, including William Stephenson (Churchill’s super spy) and Edward Teller (the father of the hydrogen bomb). Brown’s involvement in projects with these high-profile individuals hints at the significance of his work and its potential applications in classified aerospace project

VIDEO:

• The Man Who Built UFOs For The CIA (Not Bob Lazar)

• https://youtu.be/RTEWLSTyUic

One of the most compelling aspects of Townsend Brown’s story is the mystery surrounding the practical application of his research. While public records and acknowledged inventions, like the Ionic Breeze air purifier, are relatively mundane, rumors persist that his more revolutionary work in electrogravitics was absorbed into black aerospace programs. Such programs, beyond the reach of public scrutiny, could potentially explain the advanced propulsion capabilities attributed to UFOs observed by military pilots and civilians alike.

Support me on Patreon and receive news and videos before they’re published publicly!

Link: patreon.com/LUFOS

The notion that Townsend Brown might have experimentally discovered a link between electromagnetism and gravity opens up intriguing possibilities. It suggests a paradigm shift in our understanding of physics and propulsion, one that could have profound implications for aerospace engineering and our conceptualization of interstellar travel. If Brown’s theories and experiments were indeed incorporated into secret aerospace projects, it could mean that the foundation for UFO-like technology has existed for decades, hidden not in alien wreckage but in the work of a visionary American inventor.

In the shadow of more sensational stories like Bob Lazar’s, Townsend Brown’s contributions to the field of unconventional propulsion and his potential role in the development of UFO technology for the CIA deserve a closer examination. His life and work represent a fascinating chapter in the secret history of American innovation, one that challenges our understanding of the boundaries between science fiction and scientific fact.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Mysteries Beneath the Ice: The Enigmatic Secrets of Antarctica and Its UFO Connections

Antarctica, the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth, has long been a source of fascination and mystery. Its icy expanses have captured the imagination of scientists, explorers, and enthusiasts of the unexplained alike. Among the most intriguing aspects of this remote wilderness are the persistent rumors and theories connecting it to unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and extraterrestrial visitors. This article delves into the enigmatic secrets of Antarctica, exploring its connection to UFOs and aliens, and separating the tantalizing myths from the compelling facts.

Historical Context and Early Explorations

Antarctica’s isolation and extreme environment have made it a challenging yet rewarding destination for explorers. The continent’s exploration history is filled with tales of hardship and discovery, laying the groundwork for modern scientific research. However, it is the continent’s lesser-known stories and alleged findings that often capture public interest, particularly those suggesting ancient civilizations or alien activity beneath the ice.

Speculative Theories and Anecdotal Accounts

Among the most captivating theories are those that propose the existence of ancient, advanced civilizations buried under miles of ice. Proponents of these ideas often cite mysterious maps, like the Piri Reis map of 1513, which some claim shows Antarctica free of ice, suggesting ancient knowledge of the continent. Additionally, stories of crashed UFOs and secret Nazi bases have woven a complex tapestry of unverified claims around Antarctica.

Anecdotal accounts from individuals claiming to have witnessed unusual activity or structures in Antarctica add to the mystery. These stories range from encounters with unidentified aerial phenomena to discoveries of alien technology and hidden bases under the ice. While these accounts are compelling, they often lack verifiable evidence and are primarily shared through documentaries and interviews with anonymous sources.

The Scientific Perspective and Environmental Concerns

From a scientific standpoint, Antarctica is a treasure trove of information about Earth’s past climate, biodiversity, and glacial history. Researchers conduct extensive studies on its ice cores, marine life, and geological formations, contributing valuable data to our understanding of climate change and environmental conservation. The continent’s role in global climate patterns and sea-level rise underscores the importance of scientific research over speculative theories.

The environmental changes affecting Antarctica, including ice melt and ecosystem disruption, are of significant concern to scientists. These changes offer a real, observable mystery concerning the future of the continent and its global impact. As the ice recedes, previously inaccessible areas may reveal new discoveries, though likely of a geological or biological nature rather than the remnants of lost civilizations or alien outposts.

UFOs, Aliens, and Official Responses

• The connection between UFOs, aliens, and Antarctica is primarily fueled by popular culture and anecdotal tales rather than concrete evidence. Official responses to these theories are scarce, as government and scientific bodies focus on tangible research and exploration efforts. The Antarctic Treaty System, which governs the continent’s use for peaceful purposes and scientific research, restricts military activity and ensures the protection of the environment, further complicating the notion of secret alien bases or covert operations.

VIDEO:

• The Why Files – Mysteries Beneath the Ice: The Secrets of Antarctica

• https://youtu.be/IQz7innxnms

Antarctica remains one of the world’s most mysterious and unexplored regions, a true final frontier on Earth. While speculative theories about UFOs, aliens, and ancient civilizations capture the imagination, the real mysteries of Antarctica are being uncovered by scientists dedicated to understanding our planet. The continent’s harsh, pristine environment offers a unique window into Earth’s past and present, holding lessons that are crucial for our future. As we continue to explore and study this enigmatic continent, we may find that the most extraordinary discoveries lie not in the realm of science fiction but in the reality of our natural world.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

A remarkable slice of ancient history has been unearthed beneath the depths of the Baltic Sea, marking a significant milestone in archaeological exploration. This groundbreaking discovery was serendipitously made in Germany’s Bay of Mecklenburg, during a routine student expedition. 

Located approximately 10 kilometers (six miles) offshore, the team of researchers stumbled upon an intriguing anomaly using their multi-beam sonar system. 

What they found was a sprawling, enigmatic wall extending nearly a kilometer along the seabed, nestled at a depth of 21 meters (69 feet). Detailed analysis has revealed that this colossal structure dates back over 10,000 years, potentially making it the oldest known megastructure built by ancient Europeans. 

Comprising approximately 1,670 individual stones meticulously arranged to connect some 300 larger boulders, the structure hints at a deliberate construction, suggesting a specific purpose conceived millennia before being submerged beneath the sea. 

Led by geophysicist Jacob Geerson from Kiel University, the research team has dubbed the discovery the "Blinker wall." They propose that it was likely built by Stone Age hunter-gatherers near a lake or marsh, serving as one of the earliest documented man-made hunting structures in history and ranking among Europe's largest Stone Age constructions. 

Over millennia, Earth's geography has undergone profound transformations due to sea level fluctuations, erosion, and geological shifts, submerging countless ancient settlements beneath the waves and concealing their secrets. However, advancements in technology continue to unveil these submerged relics, offering invaluable insights into our ancestors' way of life. 

While the precise function of the Blinker wall remains elusive, experts speculate it might have functioned as a hunting aid, possibly guiding reindeer herds. The construction's strategic layout suggests the intentional creation of bottlenecks to corral animals, with the potential presence of a second adjacent wall hinted at by the researchers. 

Detailed examination of the structure's dimensions, composition, and alignment strongly indicates human involvement, ruling out natural formation. The team's analysis posits the Blinker wall's construction over 10,000 years ago, with submersion occurring around 8,500 years ago. 

The significance of the Blinker wall extends beyond its age, promising valuable insights into the socioeconomic complexities of ancient hunter-gatherer societies in the region, illuminating their way of life and interaction with the environment. 

Baltic Sea Anomaly.

The Baltic Sea is full off ancient mysteries, not only the discovery of the ruins of the 11,000-year-old megastructure but also the discovery in June 2011 by Swedish OceanX diving team of an enigmatic anomaly displaying unconventional characteristics sparking speculation that it could be a submerged UFO. Despite the explanation behind the Blinker wall, the UFO-like anomaly continues to baffle experts, shrouded in mystery to this day.

  

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

A New, More Accurate Measurement for the Clumpiness of the Universe

eROSITA, the Standard Cosmological Model, and Clumpiness

To get a better feel for what this means, let’s look at what the team is trying to confirm. The idea is to figure out just what the Universe has been like through time. That means understanding matter, its distribution (or clumpiness), and what role dark matter and dark energy have played. It all began just after the Big Bang when the Universe was in a hot, dense state. The only things existing were photons and particles. The Universe expanded and began to condense into regions of higher density. Think of these as density variations, or areas of more or less clumpiness in the primordial soup. As things cooled and expanded, the denser clumps in the soup became galaxies and eventually galaxy clusters. The clumpiness was smoother (or “isotropic”) than expected. That raises questions about the role of dark matter and dark energy, among other things.

eROSITA’s observations of galaxy clusters and distribution of matter showed several interesting results. First, both dark matter and visible matter (baryonic matter), make up about 29 percent of the total energy density of the Universe. Presumably, the rest consists of dark energy, which we don’t know much about, yet. Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a region of space as a function of volume. In cosmology, it also includes any mass in that volume of space.

This plot shows the constraints put on the total matter density in the Universe and the S₈ “tension”. Constraints from eROSITA galaxy clusters are in orange, from the Cosmic Microwave Background (Planck) in blue, from weak lensing (DES+KiDS) in grey, and from cluster number counts (SPT) in black. Credit: MPE, V. Ghirardini for the eROSITA consortium

The measurement of energy density agrees with measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation—also known as the CMB. Think of that as a map of the density variations in the early Universe. It’s made up of microwave radiation that permeates the Universe. That radiation is not completely smooth or uniform. That’s the variability in density that eventually became the seeds of the first galaxies.

Measuring Clumpiness

eROSITA’s goal is to measure the assembly of galaxy clusters over cosmic time. By tracing their evolution via the X-rays emitted by hot gas, the instrument traced both the total amount of matter in the Universe and its clumpiness. Those measurements solve the “tension” or discrepancy between past clumpiness measurements that used different techniques. Those included the CMB and observations of weak gravitational lensing.

A computer simulation of what gas and stars in a galaxy cluster look like, and how they look embedded in the cosmic web. The assembly of galaxy clusters has implications for the clumpiness of the Universe throughout time. Credit: Yannick Bahé.

The eROSITA data shows the distribution of matter is actually in good agreement with previous measurements of the CMB. That’s good news because cosmologists were afraid they’d have to invoke “new physics” to explain the tension between measurements. “eROSITA tells us that the Universe behaved as expected throughout cosmic history,” says Dr. Vittorio Ghirardini, the postdoctoral researcher at MPE who led cosmology study. “There’s no tension with the CMB. Maybe the cosmologists can relax a bit now.”

But Wait, There are Neutrinos to Worry About!

Interestingly, the eROSITA measurements of galaxy clusters and other large structures also provide information about neutrinos. They’re the most abundant particles with mass that we know of in the Universe. They come from the Sun and supernovae (for example), but also originated in the Big Bang. eROSITA’s survey offers new information about the mass of neutrinos and their prevalence. “We have obtained tight constraints on the mass of the lightest known particles from the abundance of the largest objects in the Universe,” said Ghirardini.

Computer simulations show how neutrinos can form cosmic clumpiness. Credit: Yoshikawa, Kohji, et al

Neutrinos may be small and tough to “see”, but they have mass that contributes to the total density of matter in the Universe. Cosmologists describe them as “hot”, which means they travel at nearly the speed of light. Therefore, they tend to smooth out the distribution of matter—which can be probed by analyzing the evolution of galaxy clusters in the Universe. And, there’s a good chance that eROSITA may help solve the mystery of neutrino mass. “We are even on the brink of a breakthrough to measure the total mass of neutrinos when combined with ground-based neutrino experiments,” added Ghirardini.

How eROSITA Did It

There’s a lot more to explore in the eROSITA data, but it’s also fascinating to look at the extent of the survey data. It comprises one of the most extensive catalogs of clusters of galaxies done so far. The so-called “Western Galactic half” of the all-sky survey contains 12,247 optically identified X-ray galaxy clusters. “Of these, 8,361 represent new discoveries – almost 70%,” said Matthias Kluge, a postdoctoral researcher at MPE who is responsible for the optical identification of the detected clusters. “This shows the huge discovery potential of eROSITA.”

All that data can be charted in three dimensions, and when scientists do that, galaxy clusters show up as intersections of the cosmic web. In addition, there’s a supercluster catalog, which also shows connected clusters and the filaments of matter between them. “We find more than 1,300 supercluster systems, which makes this the largest-ever X-ray supercluster sample,” said Ang Liu, a postdoctoral researcher at MPE.

This new look at clumpiness in the Universe comes from the first release of data from eROSITA. The instrument completed additional surveys in early 2022. Once those data are analyzed, astronomers expect to be probing even deeper into the distribution of matter in the Universe and testing their models against reality. “When the full data are analyzed,” said Esra Bulbul, “eROSITA will again put our cosmological models to the most stringent test ever conducted through a cluster survey.”

For More Information

• eROSITA Relaxes Cosmological Tension
  The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Cosmology Constraints from Cluster Abundances in the Western Galactic Hemisphere
• About eROSITA

{ https://www.universetoday.com }

Unveiling the Secrets: Dulce Base and its Alleged Ties with the U.S. Government

In the vast expanse of the American Southwest, beneath the rugged terrains of the Colorado–New Mexico border, lies a subject of intense speculation and intrigue: the Dulce Base. This purported underground facility has become the epicenter of numerous conspiracy theories, suggesting a clandestine collaboration between humans and extraterrestrial beings. The narrative surrounding Dulce Base draws upon a blend of eyewitness accounts, whistleblower testimonies, and speculative lore, creating a complex tapestry that challenges our understanding of reality and governance.

The Origins of the Dulce Base Theory

The Dulce Base theory posits the existence of a multi-level underground complex, allegedly situated under Archuleta Mesa near the town of Dulce, New Mexico. According to conspiracy theorists, this facility is not just a military installation but a joint human-alien endeavor. The roots of this extraordinary claim trace back to individuals like Phil Schneider, a former government geologist and engineer, who came forward with sensational details about his experiences at Dulce.

Schneider’s accounts of battles between humans and aliens, advanced technology beyond our comprehension, and hidden agendas have fueled the fire of speculation. He claimed to have encountered extraterrestrial beings and to have suffered injuries in a skirmish, purportedly confirming the presence of non-human entities deep beneath the earth.

The Alleged American Government Connection

What makes the Dulce Base narrative particularly compelling is its implication of an extensive government cover-up. Theories suggest that the U.S. government, along with other global powers, has been engaging with extraterrestrial intelligence for decades, entering into secret treaties and exchanges that have remained hidden from the public eye. The purported objective of such collaborations ranges from technological advancement to strategic military alliances, and even to darker agendas involving human experiments.

Critics of the official government narrative argue that the existence of such a facility, if proven true, would signify a profound and unsettling level of secrecy maintained by the government. It raises questions about the extent of governmental transparency, the ethical boundaries of covert operations, and the potential for abuses of power under the guise of national security.

Skepticism and Scrutiny

Despite the compelling nature of the Dulce Base stories, there remains a significant lack of concrete evidence to substantiate the claims. Skeptics point out that many of the assertions rely heavily on anecdotal evidence, unverifiable personal testimonies, and speculative leaps. The scientific community, for the most part, dismisses the Dulce Base theories as unfounded conspiracy theories lacking in empirical support.

However, the persistence of the Dulce Base narrative within popular culture and conspiracy theory circles reflects a deeper, widespread fascination with the unknown and a profound distrust of governmental institutions. It underscores a collective appetite for exploring alternative explanations for the mysteries that surround us, as well as a suspicion of the narratives presented by authorities.

VIDEO:

• The Shocking TRUTH Inside Dulce Base and the American Government Connection

• https://youtu.be/yY9AZMcwsqg

The story of the Dulce Base intertwines elements of science fiction, political intrigue, and speculative conspiracy, creating a perplexing puzzle that captivates the imagination. While definitive proof of its existence and the extent of any government involvement remains elusive, the Dulce Base has secured its place in the annals of conspiracy theory lore. It serves as a powerful reminder of the human desire for knowledge, the fear of the unknown, and the ever-present question of what lies beyond the boundaries of our understanding. Whether myth or reality, the tale of the Dulce Base challenges us to question, to wonder, and to seek the truth, however shocking it may be.

{  https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Ontdek de verborgen kanten van deze bekende dieren, verschijnselen en objecten

©Shutterstock

Ontdek de verborgen kanten van deze bekende dieren, verschijnselen en objecten
In ons dagelijks leven beoordelen we dieren, zaken en objecten vaak op hoe ze er (op het eerste gezicht) uit zien, zonder er al te veel over na te denken. Het is echter belangrijk om te onthouden dat wanneer we iets vanuit een ander perspectief bekijken ons beeld dat we erbij hebben volledig kan veranderen.

Neem even de tijd om je te vergapen aan deze fascinerende foto's die er ongetwijfeld voor zullen zorgen dat je op een andere manier naar de werkelijkheid kijkt. Klik verder om te beginnen.

©Shutterstock

De stenen hoofden op Paaseiland
Vaak wordt gedacht dat de stenen hoofden op Paaseiland alleen hoofden zijn. Het blijkt echter dat het gewoon lichamen zijn die deels onder de grond zitten!

©Reuters

De donkere kant van de maan
Vanuit dit perspectief lijkt het alsof de achterkant van de maan de grote, donkere basaltvlaktes mist die we aan de kant die we vanuit de aarde kunnen zien meteen herkennen.

©Shutterstock

Baby-flamingo's
Baby-flamingo's zijn als ze geboren worden niet roze. Ze krijgen felrode melk uit het bovenste deel van het spijsverteringskanaal van hun ouders en hun veren worden roze naarmate ze ouder worden.

©Shutterstock

De gele pitjes in aardbeien
Een aardbei is eigenlijk geen vrucht, maar een opgezwollen weefsel van de bloembodem. De kleine gele zaadjes die het bevat zijn de 'werkelijke' vruchten.

©Shutterstock

De onderkant van leliebladeren
Onder het blad van een waterlelie loopt een netwerk van stengels en buizen die verbonden is met openingen aan de bovenkant van het blad. Via dit netwerk kan het blad zuurstof opnemen en doorgeven.

©Public Domain

De blaasgaten van een blauwe vinvis
Blauwe vinvissen hebben, net zoals wij, ook een neus!

©Shutterstock

De binnenkant van de toren van Pisa
Van binnenuit lijkt het niet alsof hij scheef staat, toch? Daarom worden de meeste foto's van de buitenkant genomen!

©Shutterstock

Het skelet van een schildpad
Wist je dat het schild van een schildpad rechtstreeks verbonden is met zijn ruggengraat?

©Shutterstock

De top van de Mount Everest
In plaats van dat het een prachtig, vredig beeld biedt in het blauw en wit, is de top van de Mount Everest nu bedekt met vlaggen.

©Reuters

Hoe een zonsverduistering er vanuit de ruimte uitziet
De schaduw van de maan hangt als een onheilspellende, donkere wolk boven de wereld.

©BrunoPress

De echte 'Baby Driver'
Spoiler alert! Hoewel het voor degenen die de film 'Baby Driver' gezien hebben misschien leek alsof er echt een auto bestuurd werd, was het niet de acteur Ansel Elgort die dat deed. Het was namelijk een stuntman die het voertuig bediende vanuit een soort cabine die er bovenop was geplaatst, terwijl de acteurs werden gefilmd.

©Getty Images

De maanopkomst gezien vanuit de ruimte
Dit is wat je ziet als je aan boord van een spaceshuttle bent, 285 km boven de aarde, op het moment dat de zon onder gaat en de maan tevoorschijn komt. De bruine laag die je ziet is de tropopauze, die de grens vormt tussen de troposfeer en de stratosfeer. Het lijkt net alsof het universum een 'niet storen'-bordje heeft neergezet!

©Getty Images

De onverwachte fans van 'My Little Pony'
Hoewel de tv-serie op jonge meisjes is gericht, komen elk jaar ongeveer 10.000 mannen tussen de 18 en 30 jaar samen op BronyCon om zich te verkleden als hun favoriete personages en om te genieten van een sfeer van vriendelijkheid, acceptatie en liefde!

©Shutterstock

Het werkelijke licht van een vuurtoren
De Fresnel-lens wordt vaak in vuurtorens gebruikt omdat deze schuin licht opvangt en daardoor vanaf een grotere afstand zichtbaar is.

©Shutterstock

IJshaar
Dit bijzondere verschijnsel, dat aan suikerspin doet denken, groeit op dood hout aan de hand van schimmels. Hierbij ontstaat er een zachte, harige ijsstructuur dat 's nachts tevoorschijn komt en weer verdwijnt als het wordt blootgesteld aan licht.

©Reuters

Een poollicht gezien vanuit de ruimte
Poollichten zijn fascinerende natuurverschijnselen van groen licht in de bovenste lagen van de aardatmosfeer. Ze worden gevormd door een een samenspel tussen geladen deeltjes en het magnetische veld van de aarde. Hier bevinden ze zich boven de poolgebieden van onze planeet.

©Reuters

Een poollicht boven een andere planeet
Hier kun je ook nog een lichtshow zien van geladen deeltjes, maar dan boven Jupiter!

©Shutterstock

Een doorzichtige huid
De glaskikker komt in de Zuid-Amerikaanse regenwouden voor. Tot op de dag van vandaag weten wetenschappers nog steeds niet waarom ze een volledig doorzichtige huid hebben gekregen. Je kunt echt echt letterlijk alles zien...

©Shutterstock

Hoe bakstenen worden gelegd
Dit is een machine die bakstenen aanlegt om straten te maken en veel mensen weten misschien niet eens dat deze uit ons eigen land komt! In andere landen vragen mensen zich af waarom niet iedereen dit zo doet...

©Getty Images

Hoe een virus eruit ziet
Dit is hoe een humaan immunodeficiëntievirus (HIV) eruit ziet, gezien door de lens van een elektronenmicroscoop.

©Shutterstock

De roofdieren met de grootste tanden hebben ze maar aan één kant
Wist je dat potvissen (haast) geen tanden in hun bovenkaak hebben? Ze hebben alleen (zichtbare) tanden in de onderste holtes. Het zijn geen grote bijters, maar ze kunnen wel reuzeninktvissen naar binnen slurpen.

©Shutterstock

Een schelp van agaat
Agaat is een soort mineraal, maar hier is de stof in de holtes van een schelp gegroeid en is de schelp omgevormd tot deze prachtige steen.

©Shutterstock

Duizenden jaren in één foto
De Ierse Dún Briste is een 45 meter hoge brandingspilaar die duizenden jaren oud is, zoals je kunt zien aan de bijzondere strepen. Bovenop liggen er nog steeds overblijfselen van oude huizen!

©Shutterstock

Het puntje van de staart van een olifant
Als we aan een olifant denken, zien de meesten van ons dit multifunctionele deel van zijn lichaam over het hoofd. Het wordt gebruikt om te communiceren, zich te oriënteren en ook om vervelende vliegen weg te slaan.

©Shutterstock

Een albino-wasbeer
Wasberen lijken doorgaans met hun zwart-witte uiterlijk op een inbreker, maar albino-wasberen zijn net gloeiende neonreclames met de tekst: 'Op heterdaad betrapt'!

©Getty Images

'Halve aarde'
Hier lijkt het net alsof de aarde een halve maan nabootst, terwijl hij over de horizon van de maan gluurt. Plagen ze elkaar een beetje?

©Shutterstock

De binnenkant van een gitaar
Of is dit een leuk eenkamerappartement met dakraam?

©Shutterstock

Voetafdrukken van dinosaurussen
Deze voetafdrukken van theropoden (soort dinosaurussen), die werden ontdekt in Thailand en de Verenigde Staten, zijn meer dan 100 miljoen jaar oud. Veel mensen vergeten dat dinosaurussen niet alleen in 'Jurassic Park' voorkwamen.

©Shutterstock

Een winkelcentrum na Black Friday
Verlaten winkelcentra zien er behoorlijk angstaanjagend uit zonder het bizarre koopgedrag van klanten... of is het juist andersom?

Bronnen:

• (NASA)
• (Mad History)

{ https://www.msn.com/nl-be/ }

Kuiper Belt May Be Much Larger than Previously Estimated

Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are thought to be the dominant source of interplanetary dust particles in the outer Solar System due to both collisions between KBOs and their continual bombardment by interstellar dust particles. New measurements by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft show higher than model-predicted levels of interstellar dust as the spacecraft approaches the putative outer edge of the Kuiper Belt.

Beyond Neptune, there is a large disk of small objects, called the KuiperBelt and beyond that is the Oort Cloud, home of the comets. This artwork shows a section of Kuiper Belt, crowded with the icy cores of potential comets.

Image credit: M. Kornmesser / ESO.

Interplanetary dust particles carry information about the birth and evolution of planetary bodies within our Solar System.

The orbital distribution of these dust particles is driven by the forces of gravity from the Sun and planets, radiation pressure etc. Additionally, the size and mass of individual particles are constantly evolving due to sputtering and mutual collisions.

While Jupiter-family comets and asteroids dominate the production of interplanetary dust particles in the inner Solar System, the Kuiper Belt is the dominant source of the particles in the outer Solar System from either mutual KBO collisions or interstellar dust bombardment.

Speeding through the outer edges of the Kuiper Belt, the New Horizons Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (SDC) instrument is now detecting higher than expected levels of interplanetary dust.

The readings contribute to a growing body of evidence that suggests the outer edge of the main Kuiper Belt could extend billions of km farther than current estimates — or that there could even be a second belt beyond the one we already know.

“New Horizons is making the first direct measurements of interplanetary dust far beyond Neptune and Pluto, so every observation could lead to a discovery,” said lead author Alex Doner, a graduate student at the University of Colorado Boulder who serves as SDC lead.

“The idea that we might have detected an extended Kuiper Belt — with a whole new population of objects colliding and producing more dust — offers another clue in solving the mysteries of the Solar System’s most distant regions.”

The SDC instrument has detected microscopic dust grains produced by collisions among asteroids, comets and Kuiper Belt objects all along New Horizons’ 18-year journey across our Solar System — which after launch in 2006 included historic flybys of Pluto in 2015 and Arrokoth in 2019.

The first science instrument on a NASA planetary mission to be designed, built and ‘flown’ by students, the SDC counts and measures the sizes of dust particles, producing information on the collision rates of such bodies in the outer Solar System.

The latest, surprising results were compiled over three years as New Horizons traveled from 45 to 55 AU from the Sun.

These readings come as New Horizons scientists, using observatories like the Japanese Subaru Telescope in Hawaii, have also discovered a number KBOs far beyond the traditional outer edge of the Kuiper Belt.

This outer edge — where the density of objects starts to decline — was thought to be at about 50 AU, but new evidence suggests the belt may extend to 80 AU, or farther.

“As telescope observations continue, scientists are looking at other possible reasons for the high SDC dust readings,” Doner said.

“One possibility, perhaps less likely, is radiation pressure and other factors pushing dust created in the inner Kuiper Belt out past 50 AU.”

“New Horizons could also have encountered shorter-lived ice particles that cannot reach the inner parts of the Solar System and were not yet accounted for in the current models of the Kuiper Belt.”

“These new scientific results from New Horizons may be the first time that any spacecraft has discovered a new population of bodies in our Solar System,” said New Horizons principal investigator Dr. Alan Stern, a researcher at the Southwest Research Institute.

“I can’t wait to see how much farther out these elevated Kuiper Belt dust levels go.”

Now into its second extended mission, New Horizons is expected to have sufficient propellant and power to operate through the 2040s, at distances beyond 100 AU from the Sun.

That far out, the SDC could potentially even record the spacecraft’s transition into a region where interstellar particles dominate the dust environment.

With complementary telescopic observations of the Kuiper Belt from Earth, New Horizons, as the only spacecraft operating in and collecting new information about the Kuiper Belt, has a unique opportunity to learn more about KBOs, dust sources and expanse of the belt, and interstellar dust and the dust disks around other stars.

“Ongoing SDC measurements at even larger heliocentric distances will continue to constrain the contributions of dust production in the Kuiper Belt,” the authors said.

“Continued SDC measurements remain crucial for understanding the Kuiper Belt and the interpretation of dust disks around other stars.”

• Their paper appears in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
• Alex Doner et al. 2024. New Horizons Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter Observes Higher than Expected Fluxes Approaching 60 AU. ApJL 961, L38; doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad18b0

 { https://www.sci.news/ }

Airline pilot reports UFO doing 90 degree turn, Over Boston, Massachusetts, Feb 12, 2024, UAP Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Feb 12, 2024
Location of sighting: Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Source:

•  https://tiktok.com/@flightsimstuff

Listen to this pilot describing a UFO while looking at the UFO, telling an aircraft tower in Boston. Its amazing! The UFO makes a hard right angle turn and flashes at the plane several times. Awesome firsthand recording of the UFO sighting. He said its orange...the UFO is orange...I have read so many UFO reports telling of a orange glowing craft...I think the number of reports I saw was about 300+ including those in the MJ12 reports. This is 100% proof aliens are trying to make themselves known to the public, without the US gov consent. 

Scott C. Waring

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Scientists Track How a Giant Wave Moved Through Our Galactic Backyard

The wave — which is named in honor of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, where the undulation was discovered — consists of a string of star clusters spread out over a stretch of the Milky Way measuring about 9,000 light-years in length.

Astronomers reported in 2020 that they identified the wavy pattern by correlating the 3-D locations of the clusters in data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia space telescope, plus observations of dust and gas clouds in the same region.

“It’s the largest coherent structure that we know of, and it’s really, really close to us,” said study co-author Catherine Zucker, an astrophysicist with the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory at the CfA. “It’s been there the whole time. We just didn’t know about it, because we couldn’t build these high-resolution models of the distribution of gaseous clouds near the sun, in 3-D.”

At the time, the astronomers didn’t have enough data to determine whether the peak of the wave was rolling down the line. That’s what’s known as a traveling wave, as opposed to a stationary wave — the kind of wave that’s set off, for example, by a vibrating guitar string.

Since then, additional readings about the motion of the star clusters have led the astronomers to conclude that the Radcliffe Wave is indeed a traveling wave that rises to a maximum height of more than 700 light-years and has a mean wavelength of roughly 6,500 light-years.

“Now we can go and test all these different theories for why the wave formed in the first place,” Zucker said.

Konietzka said the potential explanations range from “explosions of massive stars, called supernovae, to out-of-galaxy disturbances like a dwarf satellite galaxy colliding with our Milky Way.”

Astronomers say the wave’s rippling effect could in turn trigger bursts of supernovae and swarms of star formation within the gas and dust clouds of the interstellar medium. In earlier research, Zucker and other astronomers suggested that sometime around 14 million years ago, just such a burst gave rise to the “Local Bubble,” a star-forming shell that surrounds our own solar system. 

Other researchers have proposed that the long-lasting fallout from all those supernovae could have affected Earth’s geology and climate — for example, by showering our planet with radioactive dust or perhaps even triggering an ice age.

The Radcliffe Wave is currently about 980 light-years away from our own solar system, and appears to be drifting outward at a speed of about 11,000 mph (5 km/sec). “The measured drift of the Radcliffe Wave radially outward from the galactic center suggests that the cluster whose supernovae ultimately created today’s expanding Local Bubble may have been born in the Radcliffe Wave,” authors of the newly published paper say.

Study co-author Alyssa Goodman, an astronomer at the CfA, said the evidence supports the case for claiming that the Radcliffe Wave had an effect on Earth and its cosmic neighborhood. 

“Passage of the sun through over-dense material like the Radcliffe Wave and the Local Bubble does affect the heliosphere,” she wrote in an email, “and the timing does work out that some of the peaks in radioactivity on Earth (e.g., iron-60) line up time-wise with when the sun would have crossed the RadWave, Local Bubble surface, and other ‘Local Fluff’ clouds as well.”

Now the study’s authors are wondering whether the Radcliffe Wave is merely a local phenomenon. Could such waves be common? “The question is, what caused the displacement giving rise to the waving we see?” Goodman said. “And does it happen all over the galaxy? In all galaxies? Does it happen occasionally? Does it happen all the time?”

• In addition to Konietzka, Goodman and Zucker, authors of the Nature paper, titled “The Radcliffe Wave Is Oscillating,” include Andreas Burkert, João Alves, Michael Foley, Cameren Swiggum, Maria Koller and Núria Miret-Roig. The research is the focus of a BornCurious podcast titled “Riding the Radcliffe Wave,” as well an online 3-D interactive presented by Cosmic Data Stories and WorldWide Telescope.

 { https://www.universetoday.com/ }