Is "God" An Extraterrestrial From Another Planet?
R. Gabriel Joseph
Cosmology.com
No one knows how life began. As to the origin of life on Earth, those in favor of a cosmic ancestry have argued that the "genetic seeds of life swarm throughout the cosmos"--not DNA per se, but rather, that bacteria, archae, viruses, and fungi--and their genes--fell from space, perhaps embedded in meteors and asteroids or were carried here by solar winds (Joseph 2000, 2009, 2017). This latter view is vehemently rejected by NASA and several of the "major" religions who preach that all life began on Earth either miraculously in some sort of organic soup, or (according to the theists, as to the creation of woman and man) via the hand-of-god--a position NASA rejects in favor of Darwin's "small tiny steps" version of evolution, which, however, has been refuted by the fossil record. Not surprisingly, Nobel Prize winner, Francis Crick (one of the "fathers" of modern genetics), utterly rejected NASA's implausible claims, arguing that since even the simplest life form is impossibly complex, that perhaps highly technologically advanced god-like aliens purposefully seeded this planet with life. Crick, however, was unable to come up with a plausible motive. Maybe these god-like aliens did it for entertainment, or as an educational toy, an Earth-sized "ant farm" for their god-like alien children, with humans and other Earthly life, serving as the ants. The ancient Romans and Greeks believed themselves the playthings and unwilling servants of the gods; whereas in Chapters 2 and 3 of Genesis we are introduced to a Lord God (and his fellow gods) who created humans in their image, as they needed a work force to tend their crops, fruit trees, and animals. Which raises the question: if there is a "god" (or gods) is "God" an extraterrestrial?
The Extraterrestrial Gods of Genesis
In the Sumerian poem known as Genesis 1, we are told: "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters."
Genesis 1 is a story about life. If there is a "god" and if all things come from "god" then what might be the "spirit of god" if not life? And if god is life, and all things come from god, including other planets, then the spirit of god must have hovered over all of creation--meaning: Life is everywhere, throughout the cosmos.
The God of Genesis 1 is a god who sees only good. This good god, also, does not create life on Earth, but rather says: "Let the Earth bring forth" life. And "let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so."
And then, in Genesis 1, this god enters into a brief conversation with other god-like beings, and convinces them to join in the creation of something unique:
"And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth."
Apparently, a consensus was reached: "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them."
But why? The first hints can be found in Genesis 1. This god gives the man and woman he created, seeds for growing crops and trees. But again, we are entitled to ask: "Why?" The answer is in Genesis 2, when we are introduced to a god with a first and last name: "Lord God."
Lord God of Genesis 2, and subsequent chapters, has some peculiar very-human characteristics, that is, for a god. This Lord God gets angry. He also likes to eat meat. He is also a gardener. And, he gets tired and needs his sleep: "And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made."
But after after a good night's sleep, and when he wakes up later in Genesis 2, this Lord God has a problem. The man and woman created in Genesis 1, are not adequate for his purpose. Apparently they can't tend his gardens or take care of his animals. What's the problem? Well, for one, although created in the images of the gods, the humans of Genesis 1, do not have a "soul." They are not sufficiently human, or god-like. They are too primitive.
The Lord God and the other gods which have accompanied him, need workers. So, what's a god to do? He goes back to the drawing board and tries again. This Lord god is going to take something of himself to make woman and man even more like himself. He's going to give them a soul.
"And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed. And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it."
And then, as an after thought, this Lord god says to the other gods: "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him."
Lord God is going to make a woman who can help the man take care of the animals and the garden. And so woman is created, and she is kept naked; because, her purpose is also sex. But, as it turns out, woman, that is, women, are not only to have sex with men, but with other male gods who are quite numerous and lusty. These other "gods" serve under the "Lord's" authority and have been given or have staked out conflicting claims over other parts of this planet, the heavens, and even other planets--albeit with Mr. Lord's permission who claims a king's authority over them all:
Among the gods there is none like unto thee, O Lord -Psalm 86:8
For the Lord is a great God, And a great King above all gods. -Psalm 95:3
For the Lord is great, and greatly to be praised: he is to be feared above all gods. -Psalm 96:
Worship Him, all you gods. -Psalm 97:7
For I know that the Lord is great, and that our Lord is above all gods. -Psalm 135:5
For the Lord, your God, is the God of gods, the Lord of lords, the great God, mighty and awesome, who has no favorites, accepts no bribes. -Deuteronomy 10:17
If there were female gods among the assembly of gods described in the religious books of the Jews and Christians, or if Lord God had a wife, are questions which can't be answered with certainty. But that human females were definitely created for sexual gratification, and these female were so beautiful that subordinate gods could not resist having sexual relations with them is apparent, as stated in Genesis 2 and 6:
"And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them, That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were beautiful; and they took them wives of all which they chose" and, "when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them" (Genesis 6).
But now the god of Genesis had a gigantic problem. As explained in Genesis 6, the half-god, half human children born to the women impregnated by the gods, were giants, and powerful. They were called the "Nephilim."
"The Nephilim appeared on earth in those days, as well as later, after the sons of God had intercourse with the daughters of human beings, who bore them sons. They were the heroes of old, the men of renown." -Genesis 6:4
This was not acceptable. According to Genesis, the Lord god and his fellow gods were facing unforeseen problems: The humans which were part god, were disobedient and rebellious. They refused to be naked. They hid. They stole and ate food that was reserved for the table of the gods. They were not good slaves. They were beginning to act like gods!
"And the Lord God said, Behold, the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil." -Genesis 3
So, what's a God to do? He decides to destroy the Nephilim, along with all the humans the Lord God had created, and to kill them all:
"And the Lord said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth... for it repenteth me that I have made them." -Genesis 6:7
But the humans, and the Nephilims, were too smart, and with the help of a renegade god, manage to escape and, to survive. Even worse (at least from the perspective of their sires and creators) the Nephilim were breeding, multiplying and creating great cities: "There we saw the Nephilim; in our own eyes we seemed like mere grasshoppers, and so we must have seemed to them." -Numbers 13:33
The other gods and their sons, had clearly broken some rules or regulations; and not just by having sex with and impregnating beautiful Earthly women. In consequence, even the subordinate gods do not escape the Lord God's wrath who accuses them in a huge assembly of gods:
God standeth in the congregation of the mighty; he judgeth among the gods... Ye are gods; and all of you are children of the most High. But ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes." - Psalm 82
What are we to make of this? As a thought experiment, it could be said that these "gods" were extraterrestrials, technologically and genetically advanced humans, from other planets. Upon arriving on Earth, these extraterrestrials genetically modified the primitive humans they encountered (Genesis 1) creating a half-god/half extraterrestrial work force which included women so beautiful, that, despite regulations, these women soon became the sexual playthings of these extraterrestrial conquerers.
Human Slaves and the Conquest of Other Planets
The humans of this planet have a several thousand year history of conquering other lands, enslaving the populations, and working to death men, children, and women who also sexually service their masters and bare them children who also becomes slaves. Even in the "modern" world, an estimated 50 million humans are slaves who toil in fields and mines, generating over 35 billion dollars income for their masters.
After the Spanish arrived in the Americas, native populations were enslaved and worked to death as they extracted the wealth of their lands which was then exported to Europe and China. As the native populations died off, they were replaced by African slaves who fared no better. And slave women, of course, were exploited for sex.
The best predictor of the future, is the past.
Conquering and Enslaving Other Planets
Just as the rulers of Medieval Spain (and other countries) passed laws giving themselves ownership over conquered territories and their resources in the Americas--which were then extracted by slaves-- in 2015 The United States Congress passed the "Space Resource Exploration and Utilization Act" giving U.S. citizens and corporations the right to claim, own, and exploit the resources of meteors, asteroids, and by extension, other planets.
Moreover, NASA and DARPA are already laboring away in the hopes of discovery or creating genes which could be inserted into the genomes of humans and other life forms, so to turn them into genetically modified slaves who can be transported to various asteroids, meteors, and planets where they will labor for their masters.
Consider our own scientific and technological capabilities in the present day. Although the creation of genetically modified slaves and the conquering of other planets is not yet within our technological reach, the fact is, if science marches on, and humans do not become extinct, then certainly, within the next 100,000 years humans of Earth will have developed the technology to explore this entire galaxy.
But why create and transport genetic slaves to other worlds, if those worlds already have native populations which can be easily conquered, genetically modified, and enslaved?
There are stars which shine in the darkness of night, which were formed nearly ten billion years before our planet was born. What might be the scientific and technological capabilities of these ancient alien races which evolved billions of years before our own? That they might have journeyed to Earth and other planets, to claim desired resources, can be predicted, because its exactly what the humans of Earth hope to do, if they had the capability.
And, just as Spain, France, England, and other European countries competed amongst themselves to conquer and claim the riches of the Americas--and attacking each others booty-laden ships--it is likely that the inhabitants of worlds much older than our own, have done and still do, the same. Great heavenly wars may have been fought over our own planet, a long time ago.
The history of this planet is replete with eye-witness accounts of human-gods who descended from the heavens in sky-ships and who flew over the lands in sky discs: "Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material.... By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With Vimanas human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth." -Sanskrit Samaraanganasutraadhaara
Some of these "gods" were benevolent. Others brutal. And some of these gods fought heavenly wars amongst themselves. In ancient India, one sky battle was so horrendous that cities below were destroyed:
"Gurkha flying in his swift and powerful Vimana hurled against the three cities of the Vrishis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousands suns, rose in all its splendor. It was the unknown weapon, the Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and Andhakas."-- Mahabharata
Genesis and Exodus make repeated reference to gods who have been assigned responsibility for different countries, and gods whose rule encompasses other planets. And there is rebellion within the ranks with gods attempting to overthrow each other, and conspiring to take power from the Lord God who has claimed a good chunk of Earth, as his own. In consequence, gods are accused, killed or punished:
"For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High." -Isaiah 14:13-14
"For on this same night I will go through Egypt, striking down every firstborn in the land, human being and beast alike, and executing judgment on all the gods of Egypt--I, the Lord!" -Exodus 12:12
"... the Egyptians buried those whom the Lord had struck down, every firstborn; on their gods, too, the Lord executed judgments." -Numbers 33:4
"And beware not to lift up your eyes to heaven and see the sun and the moon and the stars, all the host of heaven, and be drawn away and worship them and serve them, those which the Lord your God has allotted to all the peoples under the whole heaven." -Deuteronomy 4:19
"Lord God, you have begun to show to your servant your greatness and your mighty hand. What god in heaven or on earth can perform deeds and powerful acts like yours?" -Deuteronomy 3:24
"For I know that the Lord is great, that our Lord is greater than all gods." -Psalm 135:5
"The Lord shall inspire them with terror, when he makes all the gods of earth waste away; Then the distant shores of the nations. each from its own place, shall bow down to him." -Zephaniah 2:11
"Perhaps then God will lift his hand from you, your gods, and your land." -1 Samuel 6:5
Extraterrestrial Conquerers From Other Planets: Gods and Demi-Gods
There is now considerable evidence that bacteria, fungi, and other organisms, can survive in space, on the outside of the space stations, and that radiation-loving microbes and fungi dwell on Mars (Joseph 2016, 2017).
Perhaps on every Earth-like planet in this universe, the "spirit of god hovered over the waters" and humans similar to those of Earth, evolved.
What might be the technological capabilities of extraterrestrials whose planets were formed billions of years before our own? And like modern day humans, might they have also dreamed of conquering other worlds? Might they have visited our planet and then genetically modified the life they found, with the intent of creating slaves? And if so--then when did this happen?
Genesis, the Egyptians King's List, and Sumerian glyphs provides us with clues.
When Did Extraterrestrial "Gods" Arrive on Earth?
Ancient Egyptian legends tell of Tep Zepi, or the First Time. This is described as an age when "sky gods" came down to Earth and flew through the air in "celestial discs" and flying "boats."
The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II; and which lists nine dynasties of gods and demi-gods--the result of sexual coupling with human females-- and who preceded the first dynasty of the pharaohs by over 35,000 years. As based on the duration of each god-like dynasty, their rule came to a close around 13,000 years ago following a world-wide calamity and flood.
CroMagnon "Demi-Gods" vs Neanderthals
Thirty-five thousand years ago, at least two distinct branches of humanity shared this planet; i.e. 1) the Neanderthals, a short, stocky, slope-headed, extremely primitive and violent peoples, who may have first evolved at least 200,000 years ago; and 2) the CroMagnon who were physical and intellectual giants, the men standing 6 foot tall on average, and sporting a brain one third larger than that of modern humans and the Neanderthals; i.e. 1800 cc compared to 1350 for present day peoples.
In contrast to the lineage of the Neanderthals which can be traced backward in time to H. erectus and then to H. Habilis/Australopithecus who roamed this planet 2-3 million years ago, no one can explain how or from whom the CroMagnon evolved as they just rather suddenly appear in southern paleolithic Europe 35,000 years ago. The big brained CroMagnon were physical and intellectual giants, responsible for the paleolithic underground cathedrals of artistic creations discovered in France and Spain.
The Neanderthals could not compete with these intellectual, god-like giants, and over the ensuing five thousand years, were driven to extinction.
Again, as a thought experiment: Could the Neanderthals be the first humans described in Genesis 1, and the CroMagnon the result of genetic modification or the coupling of sky-gods with female humans?
Neanderthal
Neanderthal (left), CroMagnon (right)
CroMagnon Skull (top) Modern skull superimposed (bottom)
The humans of Genesis 1, were clearly different from the manufactured humans containing the "breath" of the Lord God, described in Genesis 2. Moreover, apparently the Lord God (like his subordinate gods) may have had sex with and impregnated at least one of the women he created, for she says: "I have produced a male child with the help of the Lord" (Genesis 4) and who is distinguished from her other children by distinct racial markings: The mark of Cain.
Cain is insolent, disobedient, violent, and he murders his more primitive "brother" Abel, who, unlike Cain, was not sired "with the help of Lord." The Lord God was angry, and banished Cain who complained:
"My punishment is too great to bear. Look, you have now banished me... I must avoid you and be a constant wanderer on the earth. Anyone may kill me at sight." - Genesis 4.
Who are these peoples that Cain fears? Perhaps they are the first, more primitive, souless humans of Genesis 1. Perhaps, they are Neanderthals.
Tales From Sumer: Did Extraterrestrial "Gods" Genetically Modify Humans?
Biblical scholars believe the first several chapters of Genesis are highly edited retellings of Sumerian tales of creation (Heidel, 1988; Kramer, 1991; Roux, 1992), penned by the non-semitic poets of the city state of Sumer and Ur of the Chaldees, which was superceded by Babylon--in what today is Iraq (Roux, 1992). According to Roux (1992, p. 85), "For more than three thousand years the gods of Sumer were worshipped by Sumerians and Semites alike; and for more than three thousand years the religious ideas promoted by the Sumerians played an extra-ordinary part in the public and private life of the Mesopotamians, modeling their institutions, coloring their works of art and literature."
As succinctly put by the renowned Sumerian scholar, Samuel Noah Kramer (1991, p. 75), "There is good reason to infer that in the third millennium BC., there emerged a group of Sumerian thinkers and teachers who, in their quest for satisfactory answers to some of the problems raised by their cosmic speculations, evolved a cosmology and theology carrying such high intellectual conviction that their doctrines became the basic creed and dogma of much of the ancient Near East."
Our knowledge of ancient Sumer comes from a variety of ancient texts, including epic tales, hymns, poetry, proverbs, prayers and incantations. Some of these texts are written in ancient Sumerian, others are Akkadian and Babylonian copies that were found in the ruins of palaces and temple libraries.
Sumerian cosmology, as to the origin of the Universe, in some respects resembles modern cosmology. For example, they imagined that at first there was nothing and because there was nothing, it had no name. Rather, all was chaos. Moreover, because there was nothing, "No gods whatever had been brought into being. Uncalled by name, their destinies undetermined."
However, rather than a pure absence, this nothingness was chaos (Kramer, 1991; Roux, 1992), a "commingling" of clouds ("mummu"), and fresh waters (Apsu) and salt waters (Tiamat). And, out of this chaos there came form and substance, and then "An" the eternal heavens from which flowed the seeds of life; seeds which eventually fell to Earth and which also fell upon the planets of the gods, thus giving birth to the gods, the Anunnaki. "An begot the Anunnaki" (Kramer, 1991).
According to Sumerian theology, a pantheon of gods, human-like in form, but possessing extra-ordinary super-human scientific powers and technological capability, arrived on this planet in flying discs and took possession of the Earth in order to exploit this world for its resources.
According to the Sumerians, these "gods" were in turn ruled by laws and regulations that were promulgated and enforced by yet other gods who lived in different regions of the cosmos (Kramer, 1991). These different "gods" through agreements worked out between them and their various factions, were in charge of different regions of the cosmos and thus ruled over and exploited different worlds and those life forms which dwelled on the different planets. The Earth, was just one of the innumerable worlds being exploited, and was ruled by a pantheon of human-like gods, the Anunnaki.
As based on his interpretation of ancient Sumerian cuneiform writing and glyphs, Kramer (1991) informs us that these gods formed and "functioned as an assembly with a king at its head, its most important groups consisting of seven gods... and fifty who were known as the great gods." The chief "god" who ruled over the Earth was Enlil who was exceedingly arrogant, exploitive, and brutal. The other chief gods included Ninhursag who was his wife, and Enki who was a scientist and the half-brother of Enlil.
According to the Sumerians, these "Anunnaki were space-traveling peoples who flew in spherical and winged air ships, but who, according to Sumerian calendars, first arrived on this planet almost 500,000 years ago. Moreover, according to the Sumerians, these "gods" had wives and acted no different from other humans.
The poets and historians of ancient Sumerian tell us the Earth was alive with all manner of beasts, including primitive humans who were little different than animals. The "gods" determined that the human-like animals that roamed the planet were too primitive and unable to perform the tasks required by the gods. In order to obtain a suitable work force, they called upon Enki whose emblem was the double helix: two entwined snakes.
Enki performed experiments on these human-like animals and other creatures, creating all manner of hybrid beasts--what today might be referred to as "transgenic animals." Moreover, he created half-human animals who could entertain the gods, but which nevertheless remained unsuitable for working the fields or the mines.
Finally, by taking blood and other tissues from the body of one of the gods and mixing it in his flasks and then impregnating one of these human-like animals, Enki was able to create an advanced, almost god-like Homo sapiens, who could be employed as forced labor, and who could be instructed to tend the gardens and care for the live stock of the gods: "Primitive man I will create. He shall be charged with the service of the gods that they might be at ease."
These "primitive men" were essentially formed in the image of the gods, in the image of the Anunnaki, and were thus part-god. In addition to working as slave labor, some were given dominion over the lands, the beasts, including dominion and responsibility for the more primitive humans who had independently evolved on Earth. Thus the "gods" according to the Sumerians "lowered from heaven... the throne of kingship," and these individuals were half god and half human and were expected to act as overseers.
According to the Sumerians Kings lists, the Anunnaki created these first god-kings, over 240,000 years ago (Roux, 1992). Likewise, it has been claimed that "modern" human DNA traces it ancestral lineage to ancestors living in Africa about 250,000 years ago (Stoneking & Cann, 1989; Vigilant et al. 1991).
According to Sumerian "mythology," one of the Anunnaki, Enki (who is associated with the emblem of the "serpent"), created a superior human who could be instructed in the art of culture, science, medicine, and technology (Heidel, 1988; Kramer, 1991); and women so beautiful that even the Gods lusted and desired them. In consequence, the Anunnaki fathered innumerable children--and in so doing broke the laws formulated by the supreme lords of the universe.
In the tales of Gilgamesh, Sumerians explain that the demi-gods (part human, part god) were two thirds divine, and one-third mortal. Gilgamesh, the Sumerians tell us in the "Gilgamesh Cycles," was one of the divine kings who ruled the predeluvial city of Eresch tens of thousands of years ago. And although two thirds god and a great hero, Gilgamesh was still a man and felt love, hate, sadness, joy, hope and despair, and who was forever seeking adventure. It was while on one of these adventures that he came upon a long haird, naked and powerful wild man from the mountains, Enkidu, who was more beast than man.
Gilgamesh (or the Gilgamesh people) at first struggled with, then befriended, and humanized his half-human half-animal friend Enkidu. Enkidu transcends his beastly origins, and through sex with demi-god women, becomes wise. But then one day Enkidu grew sick and died; and in the aftermath, Enlil, the Anunnaki king of the gods, sentences Gilgamesh to die.
Was Enkidu and the Enkidu people, Neanderthals? the primitive soulless humans described in Genesis 1? Was the semi-divine Gilgamesh (and the Gilgamesh people) a CroMagnon? Were the CroMagnon people genetically modified Neanderthals and thus part human and part "god"?
The Demise of the Demi-Gods
Whereas there is an obvious progression from Australopithecus/H. habilis to H. erectus and archaic humans and Neanderthals, as is evident from an examination of the skull and the poorly developed frontal lobe (Joseph, 1996, 2000a), the same is not true of the Cro-Magnons.
Neanderthals did not evolve into Cro-Magnons, and these two species of humanity coexisted for at least 5,000 years. However, after a 400,000 year history (if we include the first Homo sapiens in their lineage), Neanderthals disappeared from the face of the Earth, around 29,000 years B.P; a consequence of disease or widespread ethnic cleansing on the part of the Cro-Magnon peoples.
The Neanderthals were of a completely different race; and not just physically, but genetically; as only traces of Neanderthal DNA has been found in the human genome--a consequence, most likely, of the rape and impregnation of CroMagnon women. In all other respects the Neanderthals and their genomes were and are significantly different from that of modern humanity. They did not evolve into CroMagnons whose own origins are completely unknown.
We know what became of the Neanderthals. They were eradicated by those 6ft tall, big brained, intellectual giants, the CroMagnon. But what became of the CroMagnon who disappeared from the fossil record over 13,000 years ago?
Perhaps the answer can be found in Genesis:
"When human beings began to grow numerous on the earth and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw how beautiful the daughters of human beings were, and so they took for their wives whomever they pleased. Then the Lord said: My spirit shall not remain in human beings forever, because they are only flesh.
The Nephilim appeared on earth in those days, as well as later, after the sons of God had intercourse with the daughters of human beings, who bore them sons... the Lord regretted making human beings on the earth, and his heart was grieved. So the Lord said: I will wipe out from the earth the human beings I have created, and not only the human beings, but also the animals and the crawling things and the birds of the air, for I regret that I made them."
And so the Lord God decided to destroy them all, in a great flood; a calamity which may have taken place 13,000 years ago (the Younger Dryas event), when a comet exploded over the North American continent, melting the glaciers, causing sea levels to rise and temperatures to drop, and killing millions of animals and megafauna such as the saber tooth tiger and mammoth, and wiping out all traces of ancient civilizations, including, perhaps, the Nephilim / CroMagnon people who may have been sired, or created, by extraterrestrial "gods."
References
Crick, F. H. (1981). Life itself, Simon & Schuster.
Crick, F., & Orgel, L. (1973). Directed Panspermia, Icarus, 19, 43-57.
Heidel, H. (1988). The Babylonian Genesis. Oriental Institute of Chicago.
Joseph, R. (1997). Life on Earth Came From Other Planets. University Press, California.
Joseph, R. (2000). Astrobiology, The Origins of Life, and the Death of Darwinism. University Press, California.
Joseph, R. (2009). Life on Earth Came From Other Planets. Journal of Cosmology, 1, 1-40.
Joseph, R. (2017). Space Fungi Are Attacking The Space Stations. Cosmology.com
Joseph, R. (2017). Extraterrestrial Origins: Life on Earth Came From Other Planets Cosmology.com
Joseph, R. (2017). Caveman Cosmology: Constellations, Caves, Paleolithic Astronomy 30,000 B.C. Cosmology.com
Kramer, S. N. (1991). History begins at Sumer. U. Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Roux, G. (1992) Ancient Iraq. Penguin, New York.
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