Flying saucer FILMED over Victoria, Australia – May 2018

Check out this really interesting daytime footage of a flying disc over Hastings, Victoria, Australia. This was filmed in late May 2018.

What do you think about this footage? Real of CGI?

Witness report: 

I dropped my mom to work that day. and On my way home saw this strange object flying in the sky. So I pulled over on the side of the road and took a video of it. Can anyone please tell me What is this? Thank you.

Author (Junelyn Bitalac @ Youtube)

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

A Rational Defense Against the Irrational Bashing of the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis

GIORGIO PIACENZA

The good news unbeknownst to many is that much of the debunking criticism against the extraterrestrial hypothesis, ufology, exopolitics, experiencers, socially conscious insiders and/or whistleblowers can be considered as rationally flawed. 

Institutional defenders of conventional, official truths have sometimes avoided the UFO question but have occasionally misrepresented facts. For example, as physicist Stanton Friedman often points out, the Secretary of the Air Force D. Quarles said to reporters that no flying saucer had flown over the U.S.; that only 3% of reports received by Project Blue Book remained “unknown”and that eventually even that percentage would be identified as conventional phenomena or illusions. But in, truth, the percentage of overall “unknowns” which had been presented earlier inside the Air Force by Project Blue Book’s Special Report number 14 had been 21.5%. Furthermore, if the witnesses level of education was greater and the case provided greater details, the percentage of “unknowns” went up to 30%. Moreover, a chi square analysis performed by Battelle Memorial Institute comparing “unknowns” with the “knowns” (or clearly identified objects) gave a probability of less than 1% that the “unknowns” would simply be misperceptions or mistakes.Therefore, there was at least a truly puzzling phenomenon taking place (in fact worldwide) even though it was being publicly dismissed while secretly reported  in a completely different manner.  

An accumulation of observations is important and an accumulation of analyzed witness testimonies does not have to be a form of weak or irrelevant evidence in the natural sciences. Inductive reasoning is most fundamental to the advancement of SCIENCE because experience is what brings in data and information that requires new explanations.  New scientifically designed, international, anonymous surveys with a larger, anonymous population like that conducted by F.R.E.E. (the Edgar Mitchell Foundation for Research into Extraterrestrial and Extraordinary Encounters (www.experiencer.org)) provide statistical patterns that increase the gravitas of testimonial evidence. It is unreasonable to simply think that thousands of witnesses are lying or definitely mistaken in their observations although they are willing to anonymously answer hundreds of questions. There is a place for human testimony, not only in the social sciences and in a court of law but also in the natural sciences. In part it depends on how scientifically that testimony is acquired and treated. This statistical quantitative and qualitative data (which in some important aspects contradicts popular notions about extraterrestrials) must be taken into account. 

Science advances when theories adapt to evidence and experience and theories should not be considered final but, rather, well-organized, temporary and probable explanations that best explain phenomena and data accumulating through experience.  Taken as well-organized explanations – hopefully with predictive power – theories must evolve as new data and experiences are registered and accepted. However, oftentimes, the acceptance of data and phenomena is precluded by biases and there often are sociological and psychological reasons to unscientifically reject phenomena that don’t fit in well with accepted theory. 

It is becoming clear that we only perceive a limited segment of reality. There may well be ‘laws of physics’, inter-reality processes and types of energies that contend with phenomena not currently accepted by mainstream science, an endeavor still excessively biased toward representing all experienced reality as based upon materialism and mechanicism. This occurs in spite of alternative implications from quantum physics regarding the “de-materialization” of matter and the inseparable role of choice, consciousness and the observer affecting what seems to be a non-local, information substratum.

Status quo power networks traditionally reject new perceptions of reality both when new instruments extend human detection and decoding capacities (remember Galileo’s telescope and Van Leewenhoek’s use of the microscope) and when theories and underlying worldviews need to be modified to account for those detections. But this holding on at all costs to a classical preference for exclusivist materialism and mechanicism lends itself to the fallacy of trying to explain all phenomena under specific and previously accepted ad hoc explanations. Regardless of how thoroughly the scientific method has been followed, this often means trying to explain some phenomena which MAY be conventionally explained as if it necessarily follows that their explanation MUST be conventional. This is also popularly also called “dogmatism.”

But it is becoming quite acceptable for educated individuals to recognize that there indeed is an abundance of recurrent phenomena (“anomalies” from the perspective of conventional theories) unremittingly reported by credible individuals and groups around the world; phenomena which – if seriously considered – bring into question the completeness of classical materialist and mechanicist explanations. Furthermore, individuals not intimately associated with any of the major modern institutions often have the willingness and freedom to openly consider these phenomena real and significant. Some even know that their formal acceptance would logically require re-assessing known theories and suggesting alternative scientific hypotheses. Some are – thankfully – taking the lead to make this happen.

 Baye’s Theorem helps us ASSESS the probability that a hypothesis among others is valid based on new experience. In the XXVIII Century Reverend Thomas Bayes tried to show how to use new evidence to update beliefs. It goes hand in hand with induction and not with a rigid, unequivocal logical deduction. Through induction, we approximately “know” that it is more likely that Earth will continue turning and that tomorrow there’ll be another sunrise, but we don’t know this with absolute certainty.  Like the so-called “principle of parsimony” (or “Occam’s Razor”) Baye’s Theorem is more like a “heuristic,”which can be understood as a general rule of thumb helping us to assess the validity or usefulness of a hypothesis. Both are “shortcuts” simply assisting us to come up with probable explanations. However, if we apply them mechanically based on wrong premises about reality they may even sidetrack us into not recognizing more feasible and obvious explanations.

Baye’s Theorem requires having several hypotheses at hand in order to compare them. It is structured to help us come up with an approximate probability and it states that The Probability of an Hypothesis Explaining the New Results = The Probability of Obtaining the New Results if the Hypothesis is True ÷ The Probability of Getting the New Results Whether the Hypothesis is True or Not. Then, multiply that division by The Probability of the Hypothesis Before Considering the New Results.

Just like Baye’s Theorem is a practical recommendation attempting to approximately give us a clue on the probability of the validity of an hypothesis by also considering several competing hypotheses in light of new information regarding phenomena, “Occam’s Razor” is not like a physical principle or a principle set in stone as an unfailing rule.  The latter (re-stated by several philosophers following Aristotelian thinking but also more associated with theologian, nominalist philosopher and Franciscan friar William of Occam) basically states: “entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity.” To my understanding, this means that when an explanation is sufficient to explain a phenomenon, it is not recommended to seek a greater number of alternative explanations. However, in the case of phenomena challenging conventional explanations, the question would also be if all possible “sufficient explanations” rest upon a classical materialist-mechanicist worldview or, in effect, that the most straightforward and sufficient explanation would be a hypothesis that better fits or corresponds with the facts, however challenging.

Another way of stating “Occam’s Razor” is that it is generally preferable not to assume more hypothesis as causes than the minimum necessary to explain a phenomenon. Said differently, trying to extend the materialist and mechanicist worldviews (and paradigms) in convoluted ways in order to reductionistically explain (or to explain away) the experiential facts and “anomalous” data gathered around the UFO Phenomenon, may actually be not following Aristotle’s and Occam’s recommendation but instead doing just the opposite. While exclusivist materialism is clearly incorrect and insufficient, materialism in itself may be correct but only as an integral part of a network of metaphysical positions, each explaining “reality” from a different angle and all of them arising from a deeper pattern. We will need to understand that “deeper pattern” in order to make sense of phenomena that objectively combine subjective and psychic aspects altering conventional physical life.

Once again, these “heuristics” are basically recommendations generally useful on how to proceed to choose among various hypotheses that might explain a phenomenon. Moreover, unfortunately “Occam’s Razor” has often been misunderstood by closed-minded skeptics (normally defending conventional theories associated with materialism and mechanicism) in their blindly dogmatic search for every which way to ridicule or dismiss evidence pointing toward the “extraterrestrial hypothesis” (or variations within that hypothesis) pertaining to some of the most ‘anomalous’ aspects of the UFO phenomenon.

There’s still another recommendation that can be considered as a useful heuristic. It is the advice to avoid Type Two Errors.In statistics, a null hypothesis is a hypothesis one tries to cancel out by using evidence to the contrary. In statistical hypothesis testing, a Type II Error (or Error of the Second Kind) is the failure to reject a FALSE null hypothesis. In other words, it is a failure to detect some aspect of reality that is suggested by the statistical evidence. This becomes a useful heuristic to think about any accepted percentage of truly unconventional UFO cases.

The concept that “UFO’s are nothing but natural phenomena or phenomena that can be explained by conventional science” would be a false null hypothesis that has not been invalidated based on the best UFO evidence and statistics. This is because the evidence and statistics clearly also suggest that something truly distinct and quite possibly anomalous is going on. Fixated UFO debunkers (and debunkers of the reasonable likelihood of there being genuine “experiencers” interacting with a variety of intelligent extraterrestrial beings which may be able to manipulate spacetime in unconventional ways) are clearly committing a Type Two Error or Error of the Second Kind.

The relevant and scientifically honest (and highly relevant for humanity) situation here is that the “extraterrestrial hypothesis” or ETH (if not limited to a “nuts & bolts” approach) may well be the MOST STRAIGHTFORWARD HYPOTHESIS OR EXPLANATION. In general this hypothesis is not discarded within some foreign governments and Air Force teams researching “Unidentified Aerial Phenomena” or “Anomalous Aerial Phenomena” (like the Chilean CEFAA or Committee for the Studies of Anomalous Aerial Phenomena functioning under the General Secretary of the DGCA (the Ministerial Department of Civil Aeronautics), itself under the jurisdiction of the Chilean Air Force).

The initial (often not quoted) step in the “scientific method” is observation of a phenomenon in the natural world. While individual testimony of an anomaly in a non-controlled setting may be considered a weak piece of evidence, the fact that thousands upon thousands (including some astronomers)  have observed and reported UFOs that resist conventional explanations can be considered part of the initial step. Today, besides these individual testimonies (given to civilian and military institutions) there have been a few scientifically conducted surveys (like the anonymous international survey Edgar Mitchell Foundation for Research on Extraterrestrial and Extraordinary Encounters). As witness testimony goes, the latter is stronger from a natural science point of view. However, besides witness testimony, after-the-event analysis of photographs, radar cases, landing traces with soil modification and other forms of “physical evidence” also accumulate in favor of the “Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH).”

The ETH hypothesis is neither discarded beforehand (for instance by introducing pre-conceived conclusions into the premises) by the high-level military and scientific French GEIPAN (Study Group and Information on Non-Identified Aerospace Phenomenon) analysts working under the jurisdiction of CNES (the National Center for Space Studies) who in 1999 produced the so-called “COMETA Report.” Likewise, this reasonable hypothesis is endorsed by the “Sigma/3AF Commission” of the Aeronautical & Astronomical Association of France. In fact, given the evidence available, the ETH cannot be reasonably discarded in advance without incurring dishonesty. Sigma/3AF considers the ETH valid and plausible. They are scientists and are being reasonable – rather than dogmatic – based on a rational analysis of UAP/UFO cases.

Moreover, it might be possible to improve “after-the-fact ufology” by propitiating field experiments that interact with the phenomenon. If consciousness (besides objectivity) is a key ingredient for their success, so be it. The science-based ufologist expanding his or her methods would learn to work with this.

Interactive field experiments using instruments and live empirical observation to test hypothesis might be achievable with the assistance of CE-5 approaches, “prime contactees,” adequate preparation, equanimity and fearlessness and – above all – a respectful attitude of any intelligences behind the phenomenon as well as experiencer-contact processes that involve consciousness, group effort, feelings and ideologies. Through this “experimental ufology” we may complete the steps of the scientific method pursuant genuine UFOs: Observation of a phenomenon, gathering information about what is known about it, proposing a reasonable hypothesis to explain the phenomenon, testing the hypothesis, analyzing the results, concluding if they verify the hypothesis or not, sharing the method, results, and conclusions with other scientists, replicating the research and – eventually – modifying theory.

Humanity needs its academic, religious and political leaders to come to terms with the fact that the ETH is a reasonable and rational perspective backed-up by the finest inductively-derived, independently assessed and cross-tabulated evidence gathered by sincere, mentally sound, capable and reputable UFO researchers across several decades; by some courageous and honest scientists, a good number of political, military and intelligence community whistleblowers and witnesses and by thousands of individuals from around the world (individuals who for the most part don’t do it for personal gain but who, instead, oftentimes face ridicule from peers in the name of truth).

This evidence also includes, highly trained witnesses capable of recognizing a variety of flying objects, alleged landings leaving anomalous and analyzed physical signatures, clear visual, radar and radar-visual sightings, military intercept missions; photographic and film analyses passing adequate tests, the analysis of a few solid objects with highly anomalous characteristics (such as those which podiatric surgeon Roger K. Leir collected from alleged abductee-experiencers) and leaked or formerly classified government documents that indicate longstanding, official interest in “flying discs,” “flying saucers” or “UFO anomalies.”

Moreover, after thousands upon thousands of psychologically healthy and socially functional “citizen-experiencers” reporting intelligent physical interactions with otherworldly extraterrestrial beings; after metallic-looking disc-shaped, triangular-shaped, sphere-shaped and tubular-shaped objects have been reported zigzagging and departing in abrupt ways defying momentum and inertia (sometimes after apparently interacting with witnesses for instance by responding with right-angle formations) the lack of formal academic investigation onto what may be going on (at least from a social and psychological perspective) is a failure against modern, humanistic, democratic and scientific ideals.

It simply looks as if FEAR and personal convenience got the upper hand in the innards of modern academic and political institutions since facing the facts would probably challenge the premises those institutions are based in and thus internal social forces arise to prevent individuals from stepping out of line. To this we must add possible private interests to take advantage of technological developments besides the national security need to maintain a possible advanced technology out of reach from enemies; something which can be overdone and – once a vast secret apparatus around this issues has been established – it becomes increasingly difficult to eventually inform civilians as time passes by. Perhaps many unconstitutional actions were taken throughout the decades at least since 1947, especially if taboo, ridicule and a highly classified secrecy did not allow for the application of constitutional supervision or checks and balances.

Nonetheless, the forces of social control (among them ridicule), or even active repression and suppression cannot forever hold back the truth in order to sustain the status quo or an outmoded way of thinking, especially if the intermittent and phenomenon were to be interactive and clearly related with human interests. 

In relation to UFOs, for the Principle of Parsimony (a.k.a. “Occam’s Razor”) multiplying explanations to uphold the materialist-mechanicist premises may not be the way to arrive at a “sufficient explanation.”  Then, Baye’s Theorem asks us to compare several hypotheses and not to discard any plausible one offhand. Finally, the advice to avoid Type Two Errorsor Errors of the Second Kind (the failure to detect some aspect of reality which is suggested by the statistical evidence) also reminds us to become aware of our blinding cognitive biases when the evidence is displayed before us within a complex phenomenon. I wonder how many “Close Encounters of the Second Kind” interesting pieces of unique evidence (as described by J. Allen Hynek’s six-fold classification scale for UFO encounters) have been so dismissed…

All of these HEURISTICS basically warn us against inflexibly holding on to our conventional ‘pet’ theories. In relation to truly anomalous UFOs and in the offing human-extraterrestrial interactive encounters we seriously need to change our premises and face the facts.

To conclude, the three heuristics mentioned are not inimical with the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH) and, what is more, an intelligent use of them clearly suggests that the ETH MUST be seriously considered. It is a matter of time before good old common sense prevails as the need to adapt to reality has the real final say with its own complex (emergent and self-organizing) ways to assert itself.

{ http://exonews.org/ }

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This Week's Top Space Stories!

Photo Credit: Gemini Observatory/AURA/NSF star trail image compiled by Joy Pollard

Photo Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute

Photo Credit: NASA

Photo Credit: Starry Night software

Photo Credit: Gemini Observatory/AURA/NSF star trail image compiled by Joy Pollard

Photo Credit: Department of Commerce

Photo Credit: Detlef van Ravenswaay/Getty Images

Photo Credit: NASA/CXC/Columbia Univ./C. Hailey et al.

Photo Credit: Astrobotic

ALIEN LIFE IN HAWAII? ASTROBIOLOGISTS ARE GOING TO THE ISLANDS TO LEARN ABOUT HUNTING EXTRATERRESTRIALS ON ENCELADUS

Extraterrestrial Communicator? Japanese boy found communicating with UFOs via telepathy

Ido has allegedly some extra-sensory skills to communicate with UFOs via telepathy and that he can clearly access the course of UFOs besides taking photographs of these alien crafts.

By : Nirmal Narayanan

Another black project or alien craft? UFO sighting at Australian military base sparks debate

An Australian Junelyn Bitalac noticed the strange disc-shaped object in the sky in Australia near a military site and it was uploaded on Secureteam10: YouTube channel triggering debate over its alien nature

By : Nirmal Narayanan

An Australian Junelyn Bitalac noticed the strange disc-shaped object in the sky in Australia near a military site.

YoutubeSecureteam10: YouTube

Tyler Glockner, a conspiracy theorist who runs a YouTube channel has uploaded a bizarre video showing a disc-shaped flying object apparently flying above the skies of Victoria, Australia. Interestingly, the sighting happened nearer to a military base, similar to such sightings reported near US and UK military areas.

The bizarre sighting was originally captured by Junelyn Bitalacm who noticed the strange disc-shaped object in the sky when she was driving back after dropping her mom off at work. Seeing the weird nature of the unidentified flying object, she soon took her smartphone and recorded the object.

After capturing the video, she shared it on her YouTube channel where it was viewed by more than 2,500 people. Picked up soon by 'Secureteam10', the video went viral registering more than 2,40,000 views.

Soon the enthusiasm among the viewers kicked off a debate over its military nature that could be a another black project, while UFO afficianados were quick to speculate its alien nature.

Most of the viewers who watched the video strongly argued that these disc-shaped objects are actually anti-gravity flying machines used for interstellar travel. They even claim that aliens might be controlling these spacecraft and the government may well be aware of their existence.

On the other hand, a section of other conspiracy theorists alleged that this spacecraft is a secret military vessel developed by the Australian government, just like the military craft TR-3B in the US.

However, some skeptics strongly speculated that the object purportedly found in the Australian sky could be a mere drone.

"Here in Australia, we refer to these objects as unmanned drones doing their testing and surveillance, much more activity around the Eastern coastlines from Victoria to the Cape in Queensland... Hopefully, we don't get a false flag invasion to depopulate," commented Blitzkrieg, a YouTube user.

Others said that no UFO will travel at such a low speed like the one spotted in the video.

Image Courtesy: Secureteam10: YouTube

SOFIA resumes observations after extended maintenance

by Jeff Foust

{ http://spacenews.com/ }

Never-before-seen dunes on Pluto spotted in New Horizons images

Pluto’s heart-shaped plains are striped with sand dunes, where the sand is made of solid methane ice, a new study finds.

Images from the New Horizons spacecraft’s July 2015 flyby of Pluto show 357 linear ridges that planetary scientist Matt Telfer of the University of Plymouth in England and colleagues interpret as dunes that have been shaped by a novel process, the team reports in the June 1 Science.

The ripples lie parallel to the Al-Idrisi Montes mountain range at the western edge of Sputnik Planitia, the wide plains of nitrogen and methane ice that form part of Pluto’s famous heart-shaped region. Relatively strong winds, between about 1 and 10 meters per second, should blow from those mountains across the plains.

Computer simulations suggest that despite Pluto’s thin atmosphere, these winds are strong enough to keep sand-sized methane ice particles moving once they become airborne. But the winds are probably too weak to lift the grains off the ground in the first place.

Instead, little puffs of air coming from Sputnik Planitia’s nitrogen ice as the sun heats it could boost the methane ice particles skyward and into the wind, the team suggests. That process by which solids turn directly into vapor is called sublimation.

Wider context

Streaks that look like dunes (yellow arrow) were found in the northwest of a vast plain called Sputnik Planitia, and run parallel to the Al-Idrisi Montes mountain range. Winds blow across the range and help sculpt the features, which are made of solid methane ice, a new study proposes.

SWRI, JHU APPLIED PHYSICS LAB, NASA

“That’s a novel, interesting idea,” says planetary scientist Alexander Hayes of Cornell University who was not involved in the work, but wrote a commentary piece in the same issue of Science. But the notion raises a reason for caution: Sublimation alone could explain some of the features, without the need for wind, he says.

Dunes are found across the solar system, from Earth (SN: 12/26/15, p. 5) to Mars (SN Online: 2/10/10) to Saturn’s moon Titan (SN Online: 8/28/13). Each of these worlds has the ingredients for dunes: a supply of loose, grainy material and an atmosphere or fluid to carry grains around.

“When you look at dunes across the solar system, something that always strikes me is that they form the same patterns, regardless of the environment,” Hayes says. Finding dunes on Pluto, too, suggests that the features may be ubiquitous. “If you have the material and a way to move it, you form dunes. That’s what this is telling us.”

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

60 BILLION ALIEN PLANETS COULD SUPPORT LIFE, STUDY SUGGESTS

Though only about dozen potentially habitable exoplanets have been detected so far, scientists say the universe should be teeming with alien worlds that could support life. The Milky Way alone may host 60 billion such planets around faint red dwarf stars, a new estimate suggests.

Based on data from NASA’s planet-hunting Kepler spacecraft, scientists have predicted that there should be one Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of each red dwarf, the most common type of star. But a group of researchers has now doubled that estimate after considering how cloud cover might help an alien planet support life.

“Clouds cause warming, and they cause cooling on Earth,” study researcher Dorian Abbot, an assistant professor in geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago, said in a statement. “They reflect sunlight to cool things off, and they absorb infrared radiation from the surface to make a greenhouse effect. That’s part of what keeps the planet warm enough to sustain life.” 

The habitable zone is defined as the region where a planet has the right temperature to keep liquid water on its surface, thought to be a requirement for life as we know it. If a planet is too far from its star, its water freezes; too close, water vaporizes. Since red dwarfs are dimmer and cooler than our sun, their habitable zone is much cozier than our solar system’s.

“If you’re orbiting around a low-mass or dwarf star, you have to orbit about once a month, once every two months to receive the same amount of sunlight that we receive from the sun,” explained another study author, Nicolas Cowan, a postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University.

With such a snug orbit, a habitable planet around a red dwarf would become tidally locked, meaning it would always have one side facing its star, much like the moon faces Earth. This side would see eternal daylight.

In the new study, the researchers used 3D simulations to model the way air and moisture would move over a planet tidally locked around a red dwarf. The team found that any surface water would result in water clouds. What’s more, highly reflective clouds would build at the point of the star-facing side where it’s always high noon. This would have a cooling effect in the inner ring of the habitable zone, meaning the planets there would be able to sustain water on their surfaces much closer to their star, the researchers say.

The findings could give scientists a new way to confirm the presence of liquid water on the surface of alien planets with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a new space-based observatory scheduled for launch in 2018, the researchers say.

“If you look at Brazil or Indonesia with an infrared telescope from space, it can look cold, and that’s because you’re seeing the cloud deck,” Cowan said. “The cloud deck is at high altitude, and it’s extremely cold up there.”

The same could be true of a habitable exoplanet with a highly reflective cloud cover, the researchers say. If JWST detects a similar cold signal over the dayside of an alien world, Abbot said, “it’s almost definitely from clouds, and it’s a confirmation that you do have surface liquid water.” The research was detailed June 27 in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.

{ http://www.alien-revelations.com/ }

ANCIENT MARTIAN CIVILIZATION WAS DESTROYED BY A NUCLEAR ATTACK FROM ANOTHER EXTRATERRESTRIAL RACE – PHYSICIST SAYS

One physicist says he can scientifically prove that two Martian civilizations were annihilated by nuclear explosions.

As far as we can tell, Mars is a desolate-looking desert, with no obvious life. Sure, there may still be microbes there, but I think it’s safe to say that there is not an advanced civilization living on the Red Planet. But was it always that way? Did Mars once host a bustling civilization, one that perhaps was capable of nuclear warfare? Let’s check in with some conspiracy theorists to find out.

I’m going to let Andrew, a guy who runs the UFO Sightings Cape Town on YouTube, set the scene.

“There are literally hundreds of building ruins in a few of NASA’s panoramic images. What has happened on Mars? Was it a Nuclear WAR, or perhaps Asteroid hits? The fact of the matter is, that there are many pockets of living humanoids all over Mars,” he wrote on a YouTube video showcasing some of these “building ruins.”

Let’s just put this out there. This is one of the fringiest of fringe conspiracy theories out there. Andrew is probably just a wee bit off his rocker, but he didn’t randomly make up the idea that there was civilization on Mars and that it could have died in a nuclear WAR.

For that, let’s take a look at an excerpt from Did Spacemen Colonize the Earth?, a book published by Robin Collyns in 1976. Earlier in the following passage, Collyns argues that there certainly were nuclear explosions on Mars.

“It is difficult to imagine a nuclear explosion on Mars that was not deliberately caused,” Collyns writes. “It is very likely that the explosion was made for some constructional purpose. Thus, the [nuclear observations] can serve as one of the proofs in the favor of existence of rational life on mars.”

Pseudoscience and wild conjecture are fun, but John Brandenburg, a plasma physicist who got his degree from UC Davis and who has seemingly had a relatively normal, distinguished career for a scientist, has staked his reputation on his theory that Martian life was, perhaps purposefully, destroyed with nukes.

“Was Mars murdered?” he muses in a book about the theory.

In an oddly disconcerting interview with “Supreme Master Television,” a thoroughly bizarre station run by the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association cult, Brandenburg notes that Mars had two ancient humanoid civilizations, called Cydonia and Utopia, which had a level of technology similar to that of the ancient Egyptians.

What happened to those Martians? Nukes, he says.

“Two great disasters happened on Mars,” he told Supreme Master TV, pointing to Utopia on a map. “One here, and then an asteroid impact happened here, and Cydonia was right in between them. That’s puzzling. Why would so many bad things happen in one area of mars that just so happened to have archaeology on it?”

That was back in 2011. Since then, Brandenburg has decided that both disasters were nukes, and possibly “natural” nuclear explosions that could have been caused by some cosmic weirdness like an asteroid hitting radioactive material or something like that. Today, however, he has upped the ante.

This weekend, he’s going to present new research at a meeting of the American Physical Society that he says proves that there were indeed nuclear explosions on Mars and that they are consistent with nuclear bomb “airbursts,” meaning that there’s no possible way these were natural. He said in a statement emailed to me that the evidence he’s found is “consistent with mixed fusion-fission explosions.”

It’s worth noting ​that the other sessions at the meeting appear to have well-regarded university researchers from all around the world presenting experimental particle physics results and things of that nature, so I have to say that Brandenburg’s research (which certainly does not appear to be peer-reviewed) appearing alongside that is pretty weird.

Here’s his case, set to be published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astrophysics, a journal that just published a study about the Big Bang being a hologram:

“The high concentration of Xenon-129 atmosphere, the evidence from Krypton-80 and the detected pattern of excess abundance of Uranium and Thorium on Mars surface, relative to Mars meteorites, first seen by the Russians and now confirmed by the Mars Odyssey Spacecraft Gamma Ray Spectrometer, mean that the surface of Mars was apparently the site of massive radiological events, which created large amounts of signature isotopes and covered the surface with a thin layer of radioactive debris enriched in certain elements relative to its subsurface rocks. This pattern of phenomenon can be explained as due to two large anomalous nuclear explosions on Mars in the past.”

So, there’s the theory. Reading that, it’s possible, until you get to the last line, to think that hey, here’s a scientist who thinks something weird happened on Mars—the idea of there being a naturally occurring nuclear explosion on a planet that has radioactive elements on it hasn’t been completely ruled out by NASA, after all.

But then, well, he is presenting published, quasi-scientific research suggesting that these were anomalous and not natural. If that’s not clear enough, maybe the description and title of his upcoming book Death on Mars: The Discovery of a Planetary Nuclear Massacre will drive it home.

Or we can just read the conclusion to his paper, a preprint version of which he shared with me.

“Given the large amount of nuclear isotopes in Mars atmosphere resembling those from hydrogen bomb tests on Earth, Mars may present an example of civilization wiped out by a nuclear attack from space,” he wrote.

“It is possible the Fermi Paradox means that our interstellar neighborhood contains forces hostile to young, noisy, civilizations such as ourselves,” he added. “Such hostile forces could range from things as alien as AI (Artificial Intelligence) ‘with a grudge’ against flesh and blood, as in the movie Terminator, all the way to things as sadly familiar to us as a mindless humanoid bureaucrat like Governor Tarkin in Star Wars, eager to destroy planet Alderann as an example to other worlds.”

It is of course worth noting that no high profile scientists have given any credence at all to this theory.

To gauge whether Brandenburg’s thoughts have gained any traction with conspiracy theorists, I hunted around for their reactions to his earlier work. Here’s what I came across:

Arkcode.com:

“Having seen the evidence presented by Dr. Brandenburg, I feel certain that we need to actively plan for a possible defense against whoever perpetrated the assault on Mars. In fact, as U.S. Space Command has access to all the data that he (and this family) have, as well as all the other pertinent data that exists out there, I’d be amazed to learn that our preparations have not been underway for a very long time.” ​

Ross Holcomb, Mysterious Universe comment:

“There are other possibilities as well. Consider a very high tech civilization where a few folks mis-applied high energy technology and it got out of hand, causing a sever explosion and catastrophe a couple of million years ago. Perhaps a similar thing occurred on earth about 13,000 ya resulting in a cataclysmic event sinking Atlantis and energetically causing the Bermuda Triangle (and other anomalies) to activate. It may not have been “nuclear” and may not have been used in warfare.”

Mercurio, Above Top Secret Forums:

“I think if it was a weapon, it was something much more powerful than nuclear bombs. Something more advanced than what we have now.”

Shorty, Above Top Secret Forums:

“I believe that after a nuclear war broke out on Mars. The surviving Martian race emigrated to the Earth, building the Pyramids and Sphinx to represent the features on mars so that when we were intelligent enough we might discover that there was once a thriving powerful E.T race on mars.”

So, there you have it. Were ancient Martians blown up by other aliens? Almost certainly not, but if we are similarly destroyed, at least one dude will be able to say “told you so.”

Source motherboard.vice.com

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

NADINE LALICH AND HER EXPERIENCE OF ABDUCTION BY ALIENS

“… While waiting for my turn, I, surprisingly, felt emotionally detached – no fear! The aliens put me in their “dental” chair and implanted one implant under the crown of my molar tooth, and another tiny black “pea” was sewn into the brush of my hand. “ 

Nadine Lalich, a resident of California and our contemporary, is not accidentally called a woman of the Renaissance. The author of books, the artist-designer, the businessman, the worker of court – in a word, the person bright and many-sided, she of 19 years hid, that it is periodically abducted by aliens. Then she decided and wrote about 25 cases from personal experience in the book “Experienced with Aliens”, illustrating the text with her own drawings. 

It is curious that since 1991, Nadine, without any hypnosis, has gradually recalled almost 90% of her adventures connected with “abnormal beings”. In 2004, after a period of particularly intense contacts, she decided that she was being prevented from “coming out of the underground” of fearing her career and her personal life. But she knows a lot of things that would help others! For example, what technologies are used by aliens to “work” with earthlings.

Armchairs for experiments 

In one of the chapters of his book Nadine Lalich talks about the adaptations that mysterious kidnappers use to investigate people. One of these devices, she called a chair for access to the back. Nadine says that this is a chair of ordinary size, made of a material like acrylic, but in the form of a barrel with a back, reaching up to the floor and slightly concave inside. In the middle there is a hole in it about 20×25 centimeters, providing access to the waist of a person sitting on a chair. 

“I was put on this chair,” recalls Nadine, “and completely immobilized, as if paralyzed. They made me concentrate on what was happening at the table right in front of me. And in the meantime (and I felt it!) The “gray” stranger performed some painful procedures on my loin-maybe implanted an implant under the skin or even in the spinal cord. “ 

“They have other chairs. One of them resembles those that stand in the offices of dentists – continues his story Nadine. – This chair, standing on a support about a meter in height, is made of a smooth hard metal like a matt stainless steel. The back of it is slightly inclined to the back and narrows above. The aliens conducted their experiment, not embarrassed at all. Watching the man sitting in this chair, I noticed that the back is several inches above the head, so that the subject could not have looked back. In addition, his elongated arms were fixed on long rectangular metal panels-armrests. Aliens were free to manipulate the head and hands of the seated. I watched the man planted in this chair with a man screaming in horror, and then three “gray” men began to take hold of his head and hands. “ 

During one of the kidnappings, Nadin was seated at the table, and in front of her put two round jars of transparent glass. One of the jars, about two centimeters deep and more than six in diameter, was covered with a lid-like lid, through which the woman saw a caterpillar about 2.5 centimeters long in the jar. 

“For some reason I thought that the aliens would force me to eat this abomination,” Nadine writes in her book. But when the cap was removed, it turned out that it was not a caterpillar, but a sort of tiny comb much smaller in size, it seemed through a magnifying glass – just a millimeter three long. This implant, according to Nadine, was inserted into her nasal cavity. 

One night 

One day Nadine woke up in the middle of the night. Something made her get up and leave the house in her nightdress. With surprise, she saw that many of her neighbors were also in their own yard in a hypnotic state.“Having descended from the porch,” recalls Nadine, “I felt fear. Through the fence, I saw another group of people in their underwear – those, like somnambulists, were walking along the street towards us. Standing in front of the house, I peered into the clear summer sky and saw several triangular UFOs hovering at an altitude of about thirty meters. Suddenly, small “plates” flew out of them. Regardless of each other, they began to decline. “ 

A minute later, one of these objects landed at Nadine’s feet. It was a silver disc about 20 centimeters in diameter with a notch running from the edge to the center. On the disk were engraved strange icons or, perhaps, letters, representing tiny rectangular grooves. “Immediately I realized that these disks are special devices that gather information about people or groups of people who are decided to kidnap, transfer information on board the mother ship, and determine their location and notify nearby spacecraft.” 

When the hour of X comes 

In his book, Nadine describes two different devices designed to affect the subconscious of people. During one of the abductions, so-called training sessions were conducted with her. On the table in front of her put a rectangular box about 30x10x2.5 cm in size from a transparent material. When it was opened, she began glowing gently from the inside. 

There were many thin translucent sheets, stitched on one side, like pages in a book, and on them there were some symbols cut out in a sheet and covered with a transparent, shimmering film. According to Nadin, this film contains some information – like a computer diskette. Nadine was ordered to concentrate on these symbols and, it seems to her, she subconsciously absorbed some information. 

Another version of the device for programming is a set of ten transparent tubes with a height of 15 to 45 centimeters, glowing from the inside and filled with some liquid. From them came the sounds of different frequencies. During the experiment, there was certainly a “duty officer” nearby. 

“This insectoid-type creature resembled a huge mantis,” Nadine says. “It scanned my brain or carried out some other kind of telepathic control.” As Nadin suggests, aliens at the same time introduce certain commands or behaviors into the human subconscious that can be activated when the X-hour comes. 

Underground “octopus” 

Nadine talks about the terrible spectacle, which she witnessed during one of the training sessions. At the same time there were several tall white aliens. Before Nadine placed a screen on which, demonstrated a variety of video. She was shown a certain situation from the future, when the aliens’ mass arrival on Earth will take place. First, a large capsule appeared on the screen resembling a badminton shuttlecock. This capsule descended from the night sky into the desert, about 20-30 kilometers from the city reminiscent of Las Vegas. 

Touching the ground, the capsule began to rotate rapidly, simultaneously opening, like a bud of a flower, and pushing in all its “petal-tentacles”, which began to bite into the ground and simultaneously lengthen. After them, the capsule also went to a depth of several hundred meters and there it turned into a kind of octopus 15 meters in diameter with a dozen 30-meter tentacles diverge in all directions. Completely entrenched in the ground, the massive object continued to rotate rapidly in the cavity dug by it, generating some energy, which, according to the “instructors”, could physically affect the people of the whole city. 

“Thus,” Nadine sums up, “the aliens demonstrated to me their ability to control us not only individually through telepathy or brain scanning: they made it clear that their technologies can control the nervous system and the brain of many people at the same time. Their intentions, I think, are that when landing aliens on Earth, one could at once introduce into the passive, peaceful state the maximum number of people who after that would be easy to manipulate. “ 

{ http://www.mysterious-times.com/ }

Time is NOT the fourth dimension: Glenn Jessome in the latest episode of CounterThink with Mike Adams

 by: Rhonda Johansson

(Natural News) As far as we can remember, the concept of time has always been there. But what really is time? Is it truly the fourth dimension that comes after space?

Joseph Glenn Jessome of the Jessome Society shared his insights on the real meaning of time in the latest episode of CounterThink with Mike Adams. For starters, Jessome called the Big Bang theory a “Catholic creation myth.” He revealed, although many believe it to be an atheistic theory, the famous study was actually largely supported by the Vatican’s Pontifical Academy of Scientists. Furthermore, he implied that the book, “A Brief History of Time” by Stephen Hawking, received funding from the Catholic Church before it became a massive hit.

Essentially, the Big Bang theory suggests that the universe is expanding and just like everything else, time begins to exist when the universe became denser. Jessome said, scientists seem to only wait for a great miracle before creating theories. He then began questioning time, saying it cannot be the fourth dimension of space since it cannot be drawn, and that no one can actually justify this claim whether logically or metaphorically.

For time to be a property of space, it would have been “spatial, visualizable, and it’s construction would have to follow the hierarchical pattern of the previous dimension,” according to Jessome’s model. However, it has none of the said characteristics which made him rediscover that time, rather than being caused by space, is the cause of all physical changes. The former Math teacher also argued that the natural phenomenon of time is the cause of motion, gravity, and consciousness.

In the interview, Jessome also mentioned how Albert Einstein himself admitted that there are a lot of flaws in the concept of general relativity.

Understand the Jessome model more by watching the whole, uninterrupted interview at CounterThink.com now. Learn what Glenn Jessome thinks about how the Big Bang should have been presented and a lot more in this interesting episode.

{ http://science.naturalnews.com/ }

GELEKT AMERIKAANS MARINE DOCUMENT TOONT BESTAAN UFO'S AAN ( VIDEO )

{ http://niburu.co/ }

Triangle UFO Over Moons Surface In Photo Taken March 31, 2018, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: March 31, 2018

Location of sighting: Earths moon

Source: MUFON #92437

 

This triangle UFO was recorded by a person taking photos of the moon. The object is a dark triangle. The surface of the triangle and the coloration of the moon itself indicate that the UFO is actually rising from the moons surface, not passing by it. Such UFOs have been recorded before by astronomers. I will include a video of one older case below.

Scott C. Waring

Mysterious fossils science still can't explain

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Zachery Brasier and Debra Kelly @_EllaSaturday

Fossils capture the imagination, giving us a glimpse into the past. While many of the more mysterious fossils have been explained away by now, a few remain a total enigma, with theories ranging from giants, missing link humans, sea-floor cacti, and even fossils from outer-space.

1. ALH84001 (the Martian bacterial fossil)

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Countless science fiction stories revolve around life on Mars, and more than a few pseudo-scientists have found "proof" of life in odd Martian rock formations and camera glitches. But scientists take possible life on Mars seriously, and actually might have proof in the mysterious meteorite known as ALH84001.

The little meteor fell to Earth in 1984 and seemed like an interesting, albeit normal, meteor sample. With more study, scientists came to a shocking conclusion. The meteor was from Mars and was 4.1 billion years old. It was blown off the planet during a collision and traveled space since then, finally coming down to Earth. Even more shockingly, it had what looked like features of fossilized bacteria in it. Overnight, ALH84001 became the most famous meteor on Earth.

Since then, scientists have debated among themselves about the nature of the rock. Sure, it looks like there are bacteria embedded in it, but further study has proven inconclusive. It could just be remnants of mineral structures found on Mars all those years ago, or a fluke of geologic formation. What makes ALH84001 so amazing is that, even after thirty years of study, it's still a mystery. Scientists still take it very seriously, with groups even proposing that ALH84001 provides evidence that the Moon and other worlds could be littered with fossils knocked away from Earth by asteroid collisions. Possibly, the planets are constantly trading rocks through this mechanism, and maybe even trading life as well.

You would think that a claim of alien life in a meteor would get shut down rather quickly, but this little meteor still stumps scientists. Maybe they should try to reanimate the bacteria. Jurassic Park was cool, but Martian Park would be 10 times cooler

2. Homo naledi

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Since the discovery of early hominid fossils, most researchers focused in small geographic areas where they felt certain they'd find fossils of our ancestors. All that changed in 2015, when researchers in South Africa found hominid fossils that didn't relate to any of the known hominid fossil families. Named Homo naledi, the fossils were from a new family of human predecessors.

Homo naledi fossils occupy a weird place in the human family tree, falling between hominids and apes both structurally and behaviorally. This has led some researchers to propose that they're not truly hominids, but instead some sort of evolutionary middle child that defies classification. Oddly, the specimen was less than 350,000 years old, meaning it lived right before Homo sapiens appeared. Yet, their bodies are more similar to older hominid specimens. This would be like finding out that neanderthals were still alive somewhere in the world (railing against ignorant car insurance companies, probably). Homo naledi was that out of place.

More mysteries crop up when analyzing their behavior. All of the fossils were found in a large burial hole. The discoverers proposed that this was a ritualistic burial ground, showing high levels of sophistication. However, on further review, it seems like the Homo naledi might have just dumped the bodies there without any ritual.

All of this adds up to a puzzling picture, especially when you consider that this species might have survived up until the development of Homo sapiens. This means that our ancestors probably had contact with small-brained hominids, contrary to what was previously thought, forcing us to re-evaluate the timeline of human development. How Homo naledi developed at all, and whether our ancestors actually interacted with them, is still a mystery.

3. Tully Monster

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Discovered in 1955 by collector Francis Tully, the first Tully Monster fossil completely defied explanation. Paleontologists eagerly attempted to place the fossil within well-known classifications, but nobody could figure out what the monster was actually related to.

Looking at reproductions of the monster show why it was so confusing. The main part of the creature had a body like a cuttlefish, with vertical fins sticking off the top. It had no bones in its body, but could keep a rigid shape like mollusks or worms do. Eye pods stuck out from the sides of the body. Most unusually, the monster had a long, segmented proboscis with a "head" on the end. Unlike the proboscis found on animals like butterflies, the Tully Monster's proboscis ended in a set of jaws with teeth. Adding it all up, the Tully Monster looked like something a child would draw.

When trying to set it into classification, researchers were completely stumped about where it fit. They thought it might be related to a worm, mollusk, arthropod, or a conodont. Unfortunately, all those classifications are unrelated to each other. Finally, some samples showed up with a rudimentary spinal cord, letting researchers know that they could at least classify it as an early vertebrate. Aside from that, the Tully Monster still remains a baffling evolutionary turn in our planet's history. Researchers are still trying to decide how it evolved and what place it held in the prehistoric ecosystem.

4. The dinosaur fossils found in the frozen Arctic

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When we imagine dinosaurs, we usually picture them in warm, tropical climates, or in the warm oceans. Since most dinosaur fossils are discovered in these types of climates, that image makes sense. But recently, scientists have discovered a new species of dinosaur living in the most unlikely of places: Arctic Alaska.

The new dinosaurs have the fun name Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis, and lived 70 million years ago in the frozen North. The discovery of these duck-billed dinosaurs have created countless questions, forcing paleontologists to completely rethink what they believe about dinosaurs. Since these giant lizards lived in polar climates, they must have created their own heat, totally changing the idea that dinosaurs were only cold-blooded creatures. Most likely, their blood systems were much more diverse than original thought.

But the biggest mystery is how these frigid dinosaurs made it up there in the first place, so far removed from the biggest populations of their scaly cousins. Something had to get them up there, and scientists are hard-pressed to figure out what made them migrate North. Whatever the case, these dinosaurs lived a rough life, combating months of snow and darkness since they lived in the Arctic year-round. With the mystery of their migration, blood chemistry, and the other gnawing question of what exactly they ate in the frozen tundra, Alaska is rapidly becoming the last frontier of paleontology, one of the last places where mysteries about these scaly creatures still abound.

5. Klerksdorp Spheres

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The Klerksdorp Spheres were first discovered in Ottosdal, Africa during mineral deposit excavations. The spheres became an intense curiosity among the miners and geologists as more cropped up during the dig. As the name suggests, they're spherical in shape and made out of an extremely hard mixture of metals.

Most spheres have a groove running around their equator. These spheres' groovers date back to 3 million BC, which quickly led to conspiracy theories about ancient aliens or highly advanced prehistoric civilizations. The spheres just seemed too perfect for any natural process. A story quickly circulated that NASA tested one of the spheres, found that they were perfectly balanced, and concluded that only zero-gravity environments would allow someone to manufacture a sphere so perfectly balanced. Ancient astronaut theorists quickly latched on to the story and speculated that these were out-of-place artifacts left by aliens.

Of course, party-pooper geologists were quick to shoot down the idea. They pointed out that the fossils could have occurred due to natural, volcanic activity. Certain types of volcanic metals are apt to form spherical shapes, and weather could have created the equatorial groves. Geologists point out that spherical rocks are not uncommon, but conspiracy theorists hold onto the idea that the spheres are part of the fossil record of ancient alien contact with the Earth.

Honestly, neither group has an airtight theory about the spheres' origin. Geologists have remained skeptical, but have not yet come up with a solid explanation, and ancient alien conspiracists still can not explain why aliens would come down to Earth just to litter metal spheres all over South Africa. That's an awful long route to travel just to relieve boredom, after all.

6. Godzillus

Amateur paleontologists are often the ones digging up mysterious and surprising fossils. Recently, Ron Fine and his team found an incredibly unusual fossil just outside of Covington, Kentucky. Finding various chunks with plant-like patterns during a dig, Fine realized that they had discovered a broken-up fossil. After excavating the chunks, they reassembled the fossil to reveal its mysterious form. Oblong in shape, the fossil was gigantic, coming in around seven feet long and consisting of multiple lobes organized in an elliptical shape.

Further research dated the fossil to 450 million years ago, a time when life on Earth thrived in the water. Fine's dig site was underwater during that time, so the team assumed they had found some sort of strange sea monster. The fossil structure was unlike anything paleontologists had seen before. It consists of layers and oblong surfaces, much like a flattened cactus. Fine believes that creature stood up to 9 feet tall (which explains why he and his team named their find Godzillus), and had arms or branches radiating from the side.

Oddly, nobody knows if Godzillus was a plant or an animal. Fine's team theorized that it was a soft-bodied animal, which means 450 million years ago, there were 9-foot-long, slug-like giants wandering our ocean. Others believe it is merely a mat of algae, which sounds far more plausible, but also way less fun.

7. Homo Floresiensis

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Discovering new ancestors of modern humans is always fascinating, but sometimes completely baffling. When an Australian-Indonesian team discovered the fossils of a small hominid in 2003, they realized they would open new mysteries and questions about the human family. Indeed, their discovery, named homo floresiensis, has forced researchers to rethink the human family history and the place of modern humans in it.

The hominid was diminutive, with samples averaging only a little over 3 feet tall, with big feet. Researchers began calling them Hobbits, which caused the Tolkien estate to threaten legal proceedings. Still, the nickname persisted, because what else are you going to call them?

So far, homo floresiensis has only been found on one island in Indonesia, and records indicate they lived a mere 50,000 years ago. Since the Hobbits are so close in timeline to our own species, researchers are utterly baffled by them. Some contend that it's a totally separate species from humans, meaning Homo sapiens were not the only hominid species inhabiting the planet back in ancient times. This completely flies in the face of the old consensus Homo sapiens they were the only hominid species remaining when they took over the world. Others believe that the Hobbits were actually Homo sapiens who settled on Indonesia and, over centuries of inbreeding, developed dwarfism. Oddly, it seems like the second option has captured more steam among researchers, though if anybody digs up a shiny gold ring and dubs it their precious, all bets are off.

8. Chandra Wickramasinghe's meteorite fossils

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Fossils don't just come from underground — now they can come from outer space! On December 29, 2012, a meteorite allegedly fell in Sri Lanka. We say "allegedly" because the International Meteorite Society did not record the impact, yet fringe scientists began studying the meteorite sample anyway, which was in good shape once recovered. While studying the dusty space rock, Chandra Wickramasinghe made a startling discovery: the meteorite had signs of fossilized life.

Wickramasinghe and his team published a paper outlining their discovery of diatom in the sample. These are microscopic phytoplankton that scientists use to monitor environmental conditions from the past. Diatoms preserve extraordinarily well in even the most extreme conditions. Wickramasinghe supposedly found multiple samples in the meteorite, which were in turn studied by diatom expert Patrick Kociolek, who verified that the microscopic creatures were diatoms, but noted that they shared similar evolutionary traits to diatoms on Earth. That means either the rock wasn't a meteorite, or life out in space took a similar evolutionary route to life on Earth.

Other scientists threw out the claim, believing that lightning actually formed the rock. Another hypothesis came forward that the rock was from both space and Earth, having been blasted into orbit during a bombardment event in the remote past. Among mainstream astrobiologists, Wickramasinghe's results are not taken seriously, but nobody has proven a better idea, so for now, consider him we shall.

9. Conrad's skull

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Around 360 million years ago, Earth entered the Carboniferous Era, when carbon and swamps covered large parts of the land. Generally, life was becoming more modern during that era, with large plant populations and fish with the same characteristics as their modern brethren. However, no hominid samples have been traced back to that era, except for one mysterious skull found by Ed Conrad.

Conrad discovered the skull in 1981 in Pennsylvania. The skull was in an area of prehistoric coal, indicative of the Carboniferous Era. Conrad, and others, believe the skull had the same normal features of a human skull, but with one major complication: there was no evidence that hominids existed in the Carboniferous Era, hundreds of millions of years before the first known hominids appeared, roughly 4.5 million years back.

After doing more research on the skull, Conrad was sure that it was human and came from the Carboniferous Era, and dated it as roughly 280 million years old, but mainstream science did not support his claim, citing the whole "no humanoids back then" factoid most people just accept by now. In 2011, however, a study from Taiwan concluded that Conrad's fossil was, in fact, a human skull. Oddly enough, the story was picked up by creationists to show that Darwin was wrong when dating human life, though they seem unwilling to admit that this also means that a Biblical interpretation of the origins of life (that the world and everything in it is only 6000 years old) is also false.

10. The Nampa Stone Doll

Most people don't think of Idaho as a hotspot for archaeological mysteries, but it's actually the home of a mysterious figure that remains unexplained. The figure was dug up in 1889 when workers were digging a well in Nampa, Idaho, right outside of Boise. Resembling a human doll, but made of stone, the figure was buried 320 feet below the surface of the Earth. Finding a stone doll is weird enough — finding it that deep is a spine-tingling mystery.

The rock around the doll dated to two million years ago, far before any hominid made it to Idaho. This was also millions of years before Homo sapiens or comparable species walked the Earth, period. Paleontologists assume that only Homo sapiens have the ability for this sort of workmanship, but they only appeared 200,000 years ago. Here is a stone doll that was at least a million and a half years older, with ornate designs that were clearly carved by hand. The right arm is even cemented to the doll, showing clear signs of artistic workmanship. This was certainly created by ancient humans that should not have existed at the time.

So, how did it get in the rock? Of course, skeptics have proposed a variety of mechanisms, but to this day, the doll remains unexplained. If it is evidence of ancient humans in Idaho, it would completely rewrite the evolutionary timeline of humanity, showing that Homo sapiens — or a currently-unknown, comparable species — existed way before we expected it. Idaho could become one of the most interesting spots for ancient human origins, marking one of the few times "interesting" and "Idaho" get mentioned in the same sentence outside of potato conventions.

11.  UC Riverside's mysterious circles

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In 1986, scientists at the University of California-Riverside found a mysterious rock in Wisconsin, dated to back when the state was covered in water. The rock had mysterious circles on it, raised above the surface and perfectly circular. Scientists studied the weird rock for awhile and then, stumped, filed it away as an unsolved mystery.

Jump forward to 2015, and the fossil was still a mystery. Nobody could explain what could make perfect circles in the sea bed 450 million years ago. At a complete loss of ideas, UC Riverside scientists did what scientists rarely do: they opened it up to the internet and asked Reddit users to propose theories. Ideas ranged from sarcastic (typical for Reddit) to shockingly well-thought out. Some theorized that these were the work of prehistoric snails. Others though that jellyfish or sea sponges could have caused the shape. Overall, while the social media involvement was a success in brainstorming possible angles, none of the theories perfectly fit. All we know is what we already knew: 450 million years ago, something was making perfect circles on the seafloor in Wisconsin.

12. The Nevada giants

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The Paiute Indians in Nevada tell stories of the Si-Te-Cah, a race of red-haired giants that had lived in Nevada for thousands of years before the Paiute settled the land. Other Indian tribes throughout the United States tell a similar story. According to the Paiute, the tribes unified to defeat the giants and finally kicked them out of their homeland after a protracted war.

Settlers to the West did not originally believe the Indians, dismissing the legends as pointless stories. That changed in 1911 when miners discovered Lovelock Cave while trying to harvest bat guano for fertilizer. The cave was huge, and the miners could see that it was previously inhabited. When they began digging, they discovered hundreds of ancient artifacts, along with huge bones that looked human, but that had to come from people nearly ten feet tall. The site garnered intense interest, and soon amateur archaeologists and paleontologists swarmed the area, discovering more huge bones that seemingly came from giants. Digging also revealed fossilized hand-prints that were much bigger than any human hand print.

The most interesting find, however, was the skulls. Each skull found had an oddly shaped jaw bone, and elongated features. Besides being bigger than a human skull, the features all point to a strange new species that existed in the Lovelock caves. The skulls are now held at a nearby museum, providing evidence that the Native American legend might be real. If so, that means at some point in the distant American past, there was an epic battle between Native Americans and giants. If that's not a movie in the next five years, humanity has officially failed itself.

{ http://www.grunge.com/ }

Underwater cities found in mysterious places

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Amanda June Bell @amandajunebell

Submerged cities are, by their very nature, baffling to behold, but sometimes these underwater towns are discovered under especially mystifying circumstances. From unexpected scientific encounters with ancient fabled societies, to strategically pinpointed subaquatic findings, here are some underwater cities which were found in unexpected, mysterious places.

1. The Yonaguni Monument 

Archaeologists can't quite seem to agree on whether the Yonaguni Monument (called the Yonaguni Pyramid, by some) is man-made, or a coincidentally sophisticated construct of nature. If this giant stone monument is a relic of a civilization past, as some suspect, it could be the creation of a complex society of human beings that existed between 5,000 to 10,000 years ago.

The potential ruins were discovered by divers in 1986, near Japan's Yonaguni Jima island near the Ryukyu tip, and is estimated by those who believe it to be a city structure which sank into the sea after an earthquake around 2,000 years ago. The reason some scientists believe the site is of human design is that it consists of sharp angles in the stones, apparent cascading staircases, and even some potential cultural indicators like animal and character monuments discovered in and around the sizable structure.

Those who believe it's simply a product of natural governance, however, point to how there are also no discernible seams in the sandstone, which is known to geologists to fragment at sharp angles. For them, this could indicate that even the most convincing edging might have been done by Mother Nature, rather than mankind. There's also the fact that, given its location near Japan, the timing of its construction would run counter to the small type of human communities that were known to exist at the time.

Until proven otherwise, though, divers who visit the site are consistently impressed by the angular structures of the monument and overwhelmed by the powerful sensation that this is an artificial construction of our ancestors, rather than a naturally developed mountain system which was submerged.

2. Cleopatra's Palace

Cleopatra was the last Egyptian pharaoh, and ruled the city of Alexandria for two decades from her perch in the city's fabled island of Antirhodos. However, the site vanished beneath the sea some 14 centuries ago, during a particularly vicious earthquake series. In 1996, it was rediscovered by a dive team led by archaeological explorer Franck Goddio, who used classic Grecian literary descriptions to find the well-preserved site. Once located, Goddio's team unearthed vast amounts of ancient artifacts which were found lurking in the long-abandoned ruins, including royal statues and sphinxes, jewelry, coins, and other temple pieces.

The impact of the massive discovery is vast, as the site contains a literal treasure trove of antiquities, many of which have not been brought to the surface, so Egypt hopes to capitalize on the international interest in the site by launching an underwater museum wherein visitors could view its sunken city first-hand without disturbing their millennium-plus-old resting place by traveling through strategically positioned underwater tunnels.

3. Thonis-Heracleion

A few years after Goddio's discovery of Antirhodos, another lost Egyptian city was discovered by Goddio and his team. This time, it was Thonis-Heracleion, a city that was fabled by both the Greeks and ancient Egyptians for its status as a grand port of trade between the Mediterranean and the Nile River. The city was home to the Temple of Amun and is thought to have been swallowed by the sea in the 8th century A.D. due to natural disasters and left to live on in legends alone until it was rediscovered in the year 2000. Among the recovered objects from the site were statues, a massive temple, and even ceramic pottery pieces, which supported the long-dormant theory that this city was once the site of much wealth.

Goddio told The Telegraph that his findings proved "It was the port of entry to Egypt, so all trade had to go through the city. Furthermore, it possessed a temple where every pharaoh had to go in order to receive the title of their power, as universal sovereign, from the supreme god Amun. So it was very wealthy." Goddio also discovered the lost Egyptian city of Canopus, another major port for Greek trade which had been lost to the depths of forgotten literature before he was able to locate it and reintroduce it to the modern world.

4. Pavlopetri

One of the world's oldest sunken cities is Pavlopetri, which lies beneath the Mediterranean Sea near Laconia in Greece and is estimated to be about 5,000 years old. Some believe it may have even been the inspiration for Plato's mythical Lost City of Atlantis, as it is the first underwater city which predates his myth.

The city was discovered in 1967 by Nicholas Fleming and, later, his team archaeologists from the University of Cambridge. It is considered to be a hugely significant finding for researchers of the Stone and Bronze Ages. "The site is unique in that we have almost the complete town plan, the main streets and domestic buildings, courtyards, rock-cut tombs and what appear to be religious buildings, clearly visible on the seabed," said Dr. Jon Henderson from the University of Nottingham, who used modern sonar technology to return to the site and map it so thoroughly that his team can now imagine what the city would have looked like in its prime.

So what happened to Pavlopetri to make it such a pristine piece of human history? It is thought to have been submerged in full during an earthquake and/or tsunami, but no matter how it happened, the city went underwater and never reemerged to be reoccupied or rebuilt, so it is perfectly preserved in its original state of antiquity. Residents of the neighboring town of Neapolis had an inkling that something existed beneath the sea, but they had no idea what lay beneath was such a vital piece of the historic puzzle.

5. Lion City

What happens when a city is flooded on purpose and then forgotten about? It becomes amazing, that's what. Commonly known as China's own Atlantis or the Atlantis of the East, the city of Shicheng was wilfully flooded by the government in 1959, during construction of the Xin'an Dam and the man-made Qiandao Lake in the Zhejiang province, and it was mostly forgotten about until 2001, when officials funded an underwater exploration of the site.

The city, which still boasts architecture from the Ming and Qing dynasties from over 600 years ago, is stunningly well-preserved by the very water which destroyed it. So much so, in fact, that the forgotten drowned town has become a tourist haven for curious divers interested in learning the secrets of this once-bustling political center, from within its watery time capsule.

 6. Dwarka

The name of this lost city of India, Dwarka, means "gateway to Heaven," so right off the bat there's some chilling significance to the accidental finding of what may very well be the world's oldest underwater city. In 2002, scientists happened across an ancient submerged city in India's Gulf of Cambay while measuring pollution levels in the area, and divers later recovered human artifacts from the site, including beads and pottery, along with human teeth that were reportedly carbon-dated to be as many as 9,500 years old.

The importance of the finding cannot be overstated, according to experts. Per the BBC, one ancient civilization authority said that finding a sunken city of this scale calls into question the long-lived archaeological holding that cities of this scale weren't known to exist more than 4,500 years ago when Mesopotamia was erected.

The legendary city of Dwraka, which may have sunk as a result of the last ice cap melt nearly 10,000 years ago, is considered sacred to several religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism, and was thought to have been occupied by the Hindu god Krishna when it was considered the capital of the Anarta Kingdom.

7. Lake Titicaca

Shutterstock

Lake Titicaca was the source of much mythology for the ancient Incas, who believed it to be their civilization's birthplace, so it's a little auspicious that scientists located a 1,000 to 1,500-year-old temple that predated them right there in their legendary waters. The Incas believed in the submerged city of Wanaku and claimed to have originated from the lake itself, when the Children of the Sun emerged from its waters. According to Bolivian officials, the ruins prove that "our civilizations have left more footprints than we had thought." Given the perceived aged of the site, experts believe the temple may have been a worship site for the Tiahuanaco, which eventually assimilated into the Inca civilization, so that Children of the Sun myth doesn't sound so crazy anymore, does it?

8. Atlit-Yam Haifa

Another chance encounter with an amazing ancient underwater civilization happened in 1984, when marine scientists spotted the 7,700-year-old remains of a sunken city during their search for shipwrecks near the Bay of Atlit in Israel. Later explorations revealed that the site contains rectangular houses and a circular stone well, indicating that Atlit-Yam may be one of the earliest known villages that used agricultural and marine resources to subsist, sometime between the years of 6900 and 6300 B.C. Among the remains discovered at the site were the first confirmed humans to have contracted and died from tuberculosis, the first evidence of olive oil creation, and, most importantly, the first known discovery of a civilization which used situ burials.

The city is believed to have been suddenly abandoned after a volcanic collapse caused a tsunami swell, which led to the evacuation of the town. Atlit-Yam, like so many others of such pre-historic origins, has often been called the "Neolithic Atlantis."

9. Baiae, Italy

Shutterstock

The Roman city of Baiae was once a home away from home for some of Rome's most powerful (and controversial) figures, including Julius Caesar, the emperor Caligula, and the philosopher Marcus Cicero. The once-vibrant city existed as something of an elitist pleasure resort of the Gulf of Naples, which included baths and possibly even an ancient variation of a Las Vegas casino. The city was mostly abandoned in the 8th century A.D., after Muslim raiders wrecked the city. It was later completely abandoned, once malaria arrived a few centuries later, and volcanic activity is considered to have sunk the city sometime after it was emptied of its inhabitants.

However, the underwater city was rediscovered in the 1950s by an Italian archaeologist, after its above-water portions were concealed by 15 feet of vine overgrowth. The city is now one of the world's only official underwater parks, and attracts divers who can get up close and personal with an ancient sunken nymphaeum.

{ http://www.grunge.com/ }

'Triangle Of Lights' Spotted Hovering In The Sky Of Arkansas

It seems more advanced, bigger and brighter than the TR-3B.

This is a military black project, I have seen a few in southern Ohio close to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base over the last few years. It's a military anti-gravity tech, and it's American.

µ

I am@IKnowNotOneWay

#UFO #Arkansas #USA #news #ufosighting #spaceforce #SECRET #Military #aircraft #UnitedStates #ARMY #Extraterrestrial #lights #Black #Triangle #Conpiracy #ufosighting #UFOs #POTUS #Aliens #UFOキャッチャー #unidentified #Disclosure #mufon #MondayMotivaton #MemorialDay #HappeningNow

11:31 AM - May 28, 2018

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Tim Kraaijvanger

{ https://www.scientias.nl/ }

Humans may be the galaxy's bad guys - scientist

Dan Satherley

Take a VR journey to an exoplanet with NASA’s new ‘Travel Bureau’

NASA has opened a new Exoplanet Travel Bureau, a place where you can journey through the cosmos and imagine what it might be like to stand on the surface of an alien planet.

The website offers an intergalactic vacation in the form of interactive visualizations of planets beyond our solar system. No actual images of these planets exist, of course, but the artistic conceptions are based on observations from the Kepler Space Telescope.

The 360-degree visualizations are available for desktop or mobile devices, as well as virtual reality headsets.

Accompanied by cool retro-style travel posters, there are three planets to visit, with more on the way. The “nightlife never ends” on PSO J318.5-22, because it doesn’t orbit a star, but wanders freely through space. The latest entry, Kepler-186f, has a setting that lets you toggle atmosphere on or off.

“Because Kepler-186f and the majority of Kepler-discovered planets are so distant, it is currently impossible to detect their atmospheres — if they exist at all — or characterize their atmospheric properties,” said NASA scientist Martin Still in a blog post.

“Consequently, we have limited knowledge about what these distant worlds are really like, but these surface visualizations allow us to imagine some of the possibilities,” he added. “Current and future NASA missions, including TESS and the James Webb Space Telescope, will find the nearest exoplanets to our solar system and characterize their atmospheres, bridging the gap between speculation and what’s really out there.”

The Travel Bureau was designed by NASA’s Exoplanet Exploration Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.

Although hundreds of potential exoplanets have been discovered so far, scientists arte particularly intrigued by those in the “Goldilocks Zone,” the orbit in a temperature range that could support liquid water and, possibly, extraterrestrial life.

The Kepler spacecraft, which trails the Earth in an orbit around the sun, has produced most of the exoplanet discoveries, but it’s out of gas and about to end its mission. However, the just-launched TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) and the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope are both specifically designed to search for exoplanets, and thousands of alien worlds await discovery.

{ https://www.digitaltrends.com/ }

Ancient Aliens asks: Is Area 51 just part of a cover-up for other extraterrestrial experiments taking place elsewhere?

James Wray

Ancient Aliens looks at the infamous United States Air Force known as Area 51 and wonders if its very notoriety could be aiding a much wider cover-up, extraterrestrial research taking place all over the globe.

Area 51 is remote base lying in the Nevada Test and Training Range and over the years it has fired the imagination and interest of both the media and conspiracy theorists.

Officially known as Homey Airport and Groom Lake, the base has been called Area 51 since a CIA document revealed it was the term they used for the facility.

Its very existence was only official acknowledged by the CIA in 2005, when a freedom of information request saw them release various documents pertaining to the base and its function.

The secret development of many advanced aircraft has taken place at Area 51 over the years, with the likes of the A-12, U2, D-21 and the F-117 all being tested there.

However, there are also various theories about the base and its use for storying and test extraterrestrial technology and even aliens themselves. Theories range from it being a meeting place for talks between Earth and alien government through to being a place where crashed UFOs are reverse engineered.

There is also a theory that the attention given to Area 51 is a very convenient distraction from much wider research being done into alien technology, in multiple locations.

If you’re a big fan of this topic be sure to check out our new site, Paranormal Papers, that runs daily news on UFOs, the paranormal and other interesting topics.

• Ancient Aliens: Area 52 airs at 9:00 PM on History Channel. 

{ https://monstersandcritics.com/ }

Bizarre UFO sighting over military base sparks secret government black project FRENZY

ASTONISHING footage has emerged that proves governments around the world are running top secret programmes, according to wild claims online.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

NASA Is About to Have Its Closest Encounter Ever with Dwarf Planet Ceres

Experience a Soyuz Spacecraft Landing with This Amazing 360-Degree, VR Video

Un porte-avion américain suivi pendant des jours par un ovni, selon un rapport du Pentagone

Selon un rapport du Pentagone cité par la presse américaine, un ovni de la taille d'un avion de ligne mais de la forme d'un «œuf allongé», est apparu à proximité d'un porte-avion américain, plusieurs jours durant en 2004.

Un rapport du Pentagone révélé par  la chaîne de télévision américaine KLAS fin mai et amplement cité par la presse anglo-saxonne, livre de nouveaux détails sur un objet volant non identifié (ovni) qu'ont observé, plusieurs jours durant en 2004, des militaires américains au large de la côte californienne. Le New York Times avait publié une vidéo de l'incident en question en décembre dernier, dans un article traitant du programme d'étude des ovnis financé aux Etats-Unis par le Pentagone.

Lire aussi

L'armée chilienne déclassifie la vidéo d'un OVNI après deux ans d'enquête

Selon ce rapport, l'objet, de la taille d'un avion de ligne et de forme ovale, a été repéré une première fois par le radar de l'USS Princeton, un porte-avion américain, alors qu'il volait à 60 000 pieds (plus de 18 000 mètres). Il a alors subitement plongé vers la surface de l'océan, pour l'atteindre en quelques secondes seulement. Peu après, l'ovni s'est éloigné à une vitesse si impressionnante que les membres d'équipage ont pensé qu'ils s'agissait d'un missile balistique.

Deux jours plus tard, toujours selon le rapport du Pentagone, l'objet est à nouveau apparu près de l'USS Princeton et a cette fois été pris en chasse par deux F-18. Mais les pilotes ont expliqué qu'ils avaient été incapables de l'intercepter, l'ovni s'étant brusquement rendu invisible. Il pouvait cependant toujours être détecté, à cause de l'onde visible à la surface de l'eau créée sous lui, «d'environ 50 à 100 mètres de diamètre». 

L'engin a été décrit par un des pilotes comme étant «blanc uni, lisse, sans bords, uniformément coloré, sans nacelles, pylônes ou ailes» et ressemblant à «un œuf allongé ou un Tic Tac». D'après le rapport du Pentagone, un avion de surveillance E-2C Hawkeye a réussi à détecter l'objet mais sans pouvoir le «verrouiller», ce qui laisse penser qu'il était capable d'esquiver le radar.

Le rapport se conclut en confirmant que l'engin ne correspondait à «aucun avion ou véhicule aérien actuellement connu dans l'inventaire des Etats-Unis ou de toute autre nation étrangère».

• Lire aussi : Ovnis : le Pentagone reconnaît finalement l'existence de son mystérieux programme d'étude (VIDEO)

{ https://francais.rt.com/ }

Angleterre : Un OVNI se divise en deux au-dessus d’une base militaire

Un OVNI se divise en deux au-dessus d'une base militaire

Un inquiétant phénomène inexpliqué et inconnu est apparu dans le ciel au-dessus d’une base militaire britannique. Les habitants de la région ont été déconcertés par ces images époustouflantes.

Lucas Budel, âgé de 19 ans, a déclaré avoir repéré cet OVNI chez lui à High Wycombe, dans le comté de Buckinghamshire. Cette ville abrite une importante base administrative de la Royal Air Force. Dans cette station militaire, on retrouve le HQ Air Command ainsi que le Groupe aérien européen (une force aérienne multinationale européenne).

Mais cette base a également été utilisée pour enquêter sur les observations d’OVNI, ce qui a donné lieu à de nombreuses théories.

Lucas a pris des séquences vidéo de ce phénomène inexplicable. Sur ces images, on peut voir cet orbe blanc effectuer une multitude de mouvements inhabituels. Derrière lui, il laisse une traînée blanche et épaisse dans les airs.

Lucas raconte : « J’étais simplement assis dans ma chambre devant mon ordinateur quand j’ai vu une lumière extrêmement brillante tomber du ciel. »

« J’ai d’abord pensé que c’était un météore qui tombait, ce qui est déjà assez inhabituel à voir, jusqu’à ce qu’il s’arrête de se mouvoir pendant quelques secondes et qu’il remonte vers le haut. »

« J’étais tellement impressionné que je n’ai pas eu le temps de le filmer. Il a ensuite disparu. »

Mais quand l’OVNI a réapparu, Lucas était prêt.

« Je suis retourné à mon bureau et j’ai pris mon téléphone portable. Dès lors, quand je l’ai revu, je l’ai utilisé pour le filmer », a-t-il ajouté.

« La meilleure façon de le décrire était qu’il ressemblait à un nuage électrique se déplaçant continuellement dans des directions alternées. »

« À un moment donné, il semblait que des étincelles rouges ou de l’électricité s’en échappaient. »

« À un autre moment, il a semblé qu’il avait perdu toutesa puissance et il a commencé à tomber en direction sol avant que ses ‘moteurs’ ne redémarrent et qu’il reprenne de l’altitude. »

Lucas prétend également avoir vu l’objet se diviser en deux.

Il a ajouté : « Je suis certain que c’était un phénomène inexpliqué. »

« Cela pourrait êtrede la foudre en boule, des essais militaires secrets ou quelque chose d’origine extraterrestre. Cela ressemblait à un nuage électrique en train de s’évaporer. »

« Quelqu’un a aussi dit que ça pourrait être un avion télécommandé mais d’après ce que j’ai vu, ça ne ressemblait pas du tout à ça. »

« Je n’ai jamais rien vu d’autre de pareil, surtout

dans ma région. »

La boule de foudre est un phénomène atmosphérique inexpliqué et dangereux. Il se présente sous la forme d’un objet sphérique lumineux pouvant atteindre plusieurs mètres de long.

aller à la source

{ https://ancienprofesseur.fr/ }

EXPERT SAYS HUMANS ARE NOT FROM EARTH — WE WERE BROUGHT ON THE PLANET BY ALIENS TENS OF THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO.

Do you believe that maybe we are the aliens we are looking for all this time? Some experts say that people were most likely crossbred with other species. Perhaps from the star system Alpha Centauri — which is one of the closest solar systems to Earth — in the distant past, giving birth to modern humans.

Tell Al-Uhaymirit was a modern day in Iraq, in the area of the ancient Sumerian city of Kish. Archaeologists found one of the oldest ancient documents on the planet — the tablet of Kish which is believed to date back to the year 3500 BC.

They discovered that Kish was the first city to have kings following the deluge, beginning with Yushu’s. Yushu’s successor is called Kullassina-bel. This is actually a sentence in Akkadian meaning “All of them were lord”.

This ancient document is the writing of the Sumerians and the Egyptian hieroglyphs for almost one hundred years.

The ability to write this language is one of the first ways in which man differed from the animal kingdom.

We know that humans developed electricity, divided the atom, developed computers, and led man to the moon. We have achieved things that other species still haven’s.

No other species on earth can show this good and unique achievement in such a short period of time. Interestingly, compared to other species on earth, our ‘evolution’ is relatively short.

Can you imagine, if, for some reason, mankind had to return to the jungle, and survive there? Experts say that most of them would not survive for a very long period of time.

Scientists say that people are not very capable to have a big range of environments. Humans are very limited when it comes to our planet.

People, unlike animals, have fascinating intelligence. Biologists have found the contrast between human physiology and that of other animals on earth. Experts say that compared to other species on earth, humans are rather strange. For example, a baby giraffe when is born is able to walk and function almost independently. A human baby can not, which makes us quite helpless. We are born before being neurologically ready for life.

Human beings did not evolve alongside other lifeforms on Earth.

The book called ‘Humans are not from Earth: a scientific evaluation of the evidence’ is basically a resume of theories mostly against man’s evolution on Earth. In the book written by Dr. Ellis Silver, you can see him going through an evaluation of thirteen leading hypothesis and seventeen factors which suggest HUMANS ARE NOT FROM EARTH.

According to Dr. Ellis, humans might suffer from back pain because our species initially evolved on another planet with a lower gravity. It is strange that newborns have large heads and make it difficult for mothers to give birth, which can result in fatalities for both mother and child.

So what do you think, where do we come from?

There are millions of people around the globe who ‘feel’ that they do not belong on Earth.

Dr. Ellis says that “mankind may have evolved on a different planet, and we may have been brought here as a highly developed species. Maybe the Earth is a prison planet since we seem to be naturally violent species and we’re here until we learn to behave ourselves.”

Dr. Ellis thinks that mankind did not evolve from that particular strain of life, but was transported to Earth (as fully evolved Homo sapiens) between 60,000 and 200,000 years ago.

Where did Rh negative blood come from?

Is it possible to explain this by a rather controversial theory? A theory which suggests that humanity isn’t, in fact, one race, but a hybridized species.

Sepehr thinks that when one race dies, another has taken its place. With a few holding on to the memories and knowledge of the past race.

People think that we have discovered some of the great truths of science and technology. We are in fact only just beginning to rediscover the profound wisdom of past civilizations. Sepher thinks that we are like an awakening Species with Amnesia, learning to reclaim our forgotten past.

{ http://www.alien-revelations.com/ }

POURQUOI DANS CETTE IMAGE LA NASA DIT-ELLE QUE C'EST UN FOSSILE OU UNE CRÉATURE EXTRATERRESTRE ?

Nous pensons qu'il est plus que curieux qu'une page du Jet Propulsion Laboratory de la NASA fasse de tels commentaires concernant les images obtenues de Mars. Mars a toujours été lié aux théories des civilisations extraterrestres de la part des théoriciens extraterrestres, mais jamais sur une page officielle.

L'image correspond à une image de la mission Mars Odyssey 2001. Informations sur l'image : Instrument VIS. Latitude 82,4N, longitude 314,5E. Résolution de 40 mètres / pixel.

Selon les notes techniques, cette image visuelle THEMIS n'a pas été calibrée radiométriquement ou géométriquement pour cette version préliminaire. Une correction empirique a été faite pour éliminer les effets instrumentaux. Un déplacement linéaire a été appliqué dans la direction transversale et descendante pour approcher le mouvement de l'engin spatial et planétaire. Les images entièrement calibrées et projetées géométriquement seront lancées à travers le système de données planétaires selon les politiques du projet à un moment ultérieur.

NASA sur le site officiel a mis ce qui suit

Retour à la demande populaire : THEMIS ART IMAGE # 73 Ces dunes polaires du nord semblent étranges, comme une plante, un fossile ou une créature extraterrestre. Vous pouvez le vérifier à partir d'ici

Si nous regardons plus en détail l'image ressemblerait à un fossile animal ou quelque chose de très similaire, mais même si c'était le cas, nous ne le saurons jamais.Bien que cela semble curieux, la NASA a apparemment écrit cela après les commentaires des internautes

Mais quand la NASA a ignoré les théories extraterrestres ?En saura-t-il plus ou tentera-t-il simplement d'accroître l'incertitude s'il y a de la vie sur Mars ou pas ?

{ http://areazone51ufos.blogspot.com/ }

By Christopher Mellon March 9

Christopher Mellon served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence in the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations. He is a private equity investor and an adviser to the To the Stars Academy for Arts and Science.

In December, the Defense Department declassified two videos documenting encounters between U.S. Navy F-18 fighters and unidentified aircraft. The first video captures multiple pilots observing and discussing a strange, hovering, egg-shaped craft, apparently one of a “fleet” of such objects, according to cockpit audio. The second shows a similar incident involving an F-18 attached to the USS Nimitz carrier battle group in 2004.  

The videos, along with observations by pilots and radar operators, appear to provide evidence of the existence of aircraft far superior to anything possessed by the United States or its allies. Defense Department officials who analyze the relevant intelligence confirm more than a dozen such incidents off the East Coast alone since 2015. In another recent case, the Air Force launched F-15 fighters last October in a failed attempt to intercept an unidentified high-speed aircraft looping over the Pacific Northwest .

A third declassified video, released by To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science , a privately owned media and scientific research company to which I’m an adviser, reveals a previously undisclosed Navy encounter that occurred off the East Coast in 2015.

Military jet video tracks high-speed UFO

(To the Stars Academy of Arts & Science)

Is it possible that America has been technologically leap-frogged by Russia or China? Or, as many people wondered after the videos were first published by the New York Times in December, might they be evidence of some alien civilization? 

Unfortunately, we have no idea, because we aren’t even seeking answers.

I served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence for the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations and as staff director for the Senate Intelligence Committee, and I know from numerous discussions with Pentagon officials over the past two years that military departments and agencies treat such incidents as isolated events rather than as part of a pattern requiring serious attention and investigation. A colleague of mine at To the Stars Academy, Luis Elizondo, used to run a Pentagon intelligence program that examined evidence of “anomalous” aircraft, but he resigned last fall to protest government inattention to the growing body of empirical data. 

Meanwhile, reports from different services and agencies remain largely ignored and unevaluated inside their respective bureaucratic stovepipes. There is no Pentagon process for synthesizing all the observations the military is making. The current approach is equivalent to having the Army conduct a submarine search without the Navy. It is also reminiscent of the counterterrorism efforts of the CIA and the FBI before Sept. 11, 2001, when each had information on the hijackers that they kept to themselves. In this instance, the truth may ultimately prove benign, but why leave it to chance? 

(A Pentagon spokesman did not respond to requests from The Washington Post for comment, but in December, the military confirmed the existence of a program to investigate UFOs and said it had stopped funding the research in 2012.)

The military personnel who are encountering these phenomena tell remarkable stories. In one example, over the course of two weeks in November 2004, the USS Princeton, a guided-missile cruiser operating advanced naval radar, repeatedly detected unidentified aircraft operating in and around the Nimitz carrier battle group, which it was guarding off the coast of San Diego. In some cases, according to incident reports and interviews with military personnel, these vehicles descended from altitudes higher than 60,000 feet at supersonic speeds, only to suddenly stop and hover as low as 50 feet above the ocean. The United States possesses nothing capable of such feats.

On at least two occasions, F-18 fighters were guided to intercept these vehicles and were able to verify their location, appearance and performance. Notably, these encounters occurred in broad daylight and were independently monitored by radars aboard multiple ships and aircraft. According to naval aviators I have spoken with at length, the vehicles were roughly 45 feet long and white. Yet these mysterious aircraft easily sped away from and outmaneuvered America’s front-line fighters without a discernible means of propulsion. 

Footage shows encounter between U.S. navy jet and unknown aircraft

Footage shows an encounter between U.S. fighter jets and “anomalous aerial vehicles.”(To The Stars Academy of Arts and Science)

From my work with To the Stars Academy, which seeks to raise private funds to investigate incidents like the 2004 Nimitz encounter, I know they continue to occur, because we are being approached by military personnel who are concerned about national security and frustrated by how the Defense Department is handling such reports. I am also familiar with the evidence as a former Pentagon intelligence official and a consultant who began researching the issue after the Nimitz incident was brought to my attention. On several occasions, I have met with senior Pentagon officials, and at least one followed up and obtained briefings confirming incidents such as the Nimitz case. But nobody wants to be “the alien guy” in the national security bureaucracy; nobody wants to be ridiculed or sidelined for drawing attention to the issue. This is true up and down the chain of command, and it is a serious and recurring impediment to progress. 

If the origin of these aircraft is a mystery, so is the paralysis of the U.S. government in the face of such evidence. Sixty years ago, when the Soviet Union put the first manmade satellite in orbit, Americans recoiled at the idea of being technologically surpassed by a dangerous rival, and the furor over Sputnik ultimately produced the space race. Americans responded vigorously, and a little more than a decade later, Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon. If these craft mean that Russia, China or some other nation is concealing an astonishing technological breakthrough to quietly extend its lead, surely we should respond as we did then. Perhaps Russian President Vladi­mir Putin’s recent chest-thumping claims about propulsion breakthroughs are not pure braggadocio. Or, if these craft really aren’t from Earth, then the need to figure out what they are is even more urgent.

Lately, media coverage of the issue of unidentified aerial vehicles has focused on an expired $22 million congressional earmark for Bigelow Aerospace, a contractor with ties to former Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid (Nev.). The money mostly funded research and analysis by that contractor, without participation from the Air Force, NORAD or other key military organizations. The real issue, though, is not a long-gone earmark, helpful though it may have been, but numerous recent incidents involving the military and violations of U.S. airspace. It is time to set aside taboos regarding “UFOs” and instead listen to our pilots and radar operators. 

Within a roughly $50 billion annual intelligence budget, money is not the issue. Existing funds would easily cover what’s needed to look into the incidents. What we lack above all is recognition that this issue warrants a serious collection and analysis effort. To make headway, the task needs to be assigned to an official with the clout to compel collaboration among disparate and often quarrelsome national security bureaucracies. A truly serious effort would involve, among other things, analysts able to review infrared satellite data, NORAD radar databases, and signals and human intelligence reporting. Congress should require an all-source study by the secretary of defense while promoting research into new forms of propulsion that might explain how these vehicles achieve such extraordinary power and maneuverability.

As with Sputnik, the national security implications of these incidents are concerning — but the scientific opportunities are thrilling. Who knows what perils we may avoid or opportunities we might identify if we follow the data? We cannot afford to avert our eyes, given the risk of strategic surprise. The future belongs to not only the physically brave but also the intellectually agile.

• Read more from Outlook and follow our updates on Facebookand Twitter. 

{ https://www.washingtonpost.com/ }

NASA Removes All But Three Ceres Photos From Public Index, June 2, 2018, UFO Sighting News.

Source: 

• https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov  (click dwarf planets)
• https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/keywords/dp
  
  

Dwarf Ceres Index that NASA has put up for the public has been taken down. There was once hundreds of photos, but now there are only there. If you go to the link and click on Dwarf Planets, you will see only three photos. This Is NASA trying to hide the true nature of Ceres white spots from the public. Many times I have reported these white spots looking like structures, but now NASA has removed them in hopes of preventing the public from investigating this further. 

As I said before, the reason NASA was created 50 years go was to hide the existence of alien life from the public. They are on a mission to drip feed the public useless scientific facts that change nothing...they drip feed the public so that the public gets some satisfaction about learning about space...and keeps the public in the dark. 
Scott C. Waring

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Aliens Are Real, But Humans Will Probably Kill Them All, New Paper Says

Are All Energy-Intensive Civilizations Doomed To Self-Destruct? Scientists Model Alien Planets To Find Out

By Rosie McCall

UFO Disk Flying over Hastings Victoria Australia

UFO disk flying in the sky over Hastings, Australia, the UFO follows a certain flight path and is clearly under intelligent control.

Witness: on May 30, 2018 I dropped my mom to work that day and on my way home saw this strange object flying in the sky, so I pulled over on the side of the road and took a video of it.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Most remarkable UFO sightings in May 2018

Most remarkable UFO sightings in April 2018 by www.Latest-UFO-Sightings.net.

8th May 2018; triangle UFO – Air Force Base, New Mexico

Read more…

27th May 2018; bright UFO – Melbourne, Australia

Read more…

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Area 51 under scanner again? Continuous UFO sightings in Nevada desert sparks alien debate

The man who shot the video speculates that the UFO might be of alien origin, and it is attracted by the Luxor lights of the sin city. The uploader has also released an enhanced version of the clip, and it clearly shows that the alleged UFO has a number of lights attached to its body.

Mysterious UFO described as 'a ball of pure white light' filmed flying over Leeds

Exclusive: The strange circular UFO doesn't appear to be a drone, plane or satellite - and could be extra terrestrial in origin

By Jeff Parsons - Tech/Science Reporter

Intriguing footage has emerged of a bright, circular UFO moving over Leeds last weekend.

The object had no wings, made no sound and appeared roughly 300 meters above the ground. It was described as being a pure "ball of white light" and moving with "absolute purpose" across a clear sky.

Evidence of the strange object was captured on a smartphone camera by Leeds resident James Goldman, 30, who was at a loss to explain what he was witnessing.

"It definitely wasn't a plane and it was too low to be a satellite. I know what drones look like and it just wasn't a drone either. I doubt it was a military craft because they wouldn't be flying something like that over a populated area," he told Mirror Tech.

READ MORE

• Are WE the bad guys? Theoretical physicist predicts humans will DESTROY aliens to fuel growth of our own civilisation

A zoomed in image of the UFO that was spotted over Leeds last weekend (Image: James Goldman)

As the footage above shows, the UFO appears smaller and dimmer than the nearly full moon that was also present in the sky.

Gary Heseltine, a retired Detective Constable and UFO expert, verified the footage and was also unable to come to a conclusion over what it might be.

"It was an interesting piece of footage and based on the information supplied by the witness it appears to be anomalous," said Gary, who also runs UFO Truth Magazine which documents unexplained sightings.

This particular UFO was spotted at 10.30pm on Sunday night and moved at a speed Mr Goldman estimates to be around 200kph (124mph) - putting it beyond the speeds of any commercially-available drone.

"It was just a round bright white lit ball slightly metallic in nature," Mr Goldman said, likening it to the kind of light you see when metal is being welded.

It also bore a striking similarity to the Death Star space station from the Star Wars film series.

"I couldn’t believe such an object would fly so low," Mr Goldman said.

READ MORE

• What are they hiding? UK Government is withholding three UFO files, former Ministry of Defence employee claims

The UFO was spotted flying fast and low over Leeds

The question naturally arises whether or not the object was extra-terrestrial in nature and Mr. Goldman confirmed that he had nothing against that idea.

He told Mirror Tech that he had never seen a UFO before and had always been sceptical of mainstream media reports of alien visitors.

But witnessing the object in the sky at the weekend has made him more uncertain.

"It was much clearer with the eye than what the camera has captured," he said. "After I stopped recording it continued to move at a 45-degree angle upwards and disappeared into the distance. It didn't blink out suddenly or anything like that, it just petered out into the distance."

READ MORE

• NASA launches planet-hunting spacecraft to seek alien worlds 'we are yet to imagine' beyond the solar system

UFO (Image: Photographer's Choice)

They may often be sidelined as the hobby of conspiracy theorists, but the British government has actually been taking UFOs seriously for many years.

In 2008, the government started to release its UFO files to the public in the hopes of being as transparent as possible.

But while the release process was expected to take three years at most, three files still haven’t been made public, according to Nick Pope, a former employee at the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

Mr Pope said: “Having worked on the Ministry of Defence's UFO project and having written many of the documents that have already been released, I'm extremely disappointed that ten years after the release of the first files, the project is still incomplete.”

READ MORE

• Scientists baffled as they discover a mysterious 'ghost galaxy' with no dark matter

Nick Pope, a former employee at the MoD

Why the Government is withholding the files remains unclear, but Mr Pope explained that the files have been sent backwards and forwards between the MoD and The National Archives at least twice, adding to people's suspicions.

Mr Pope said: “A lot of people think the government is covering up the truth about UFOs and this unfortunate situation is only adding fuel to the fire with regard to these conspiracy theories.”

Mr Pope added that while he and his colleagues took the issue of UFOs seriously, they were often forced to ‘spin’ the subject for the media, ‘disingenuously stating that the subject was of "no defence significance"'.

Do you have any idea what the Leeds UFO might be? Let us know in the comments below or get in touch on Twitter.

{ https://www.mirror.co.uk/ }

How The Blink 182 Guy Brought UFO News Into The Mainstream

JAZZ SHAW

If you know about Tom DeLonge, you probably recognize the name first from his work as the frontman for Blink-182 and classic albums such as Enema of the State. But as the popularity of the band decreased, DeLonge began using his good fortune to pursue another interest of his. That was the paranormal, including everything from Bigfoot to the Loch Ness Monster was on the table. But what the singer was really interested in was UFOs and extraterrestrials. The odd thing is, people began taking him seriously… and that includes people in the United States government.

As I wrote about just before Christmas last year, DeLonge was part of the To the Stars Academy of Arts and Science which brought forward news of a secret government program which had been studying possible extraterrestrial phenomenon and led to the release of military videos showing flying craft which nobody could quite explain. But a number of military pilots thought they had an explanation: aliens. Still, given all of the politicians, military personnel and scientists who were involved, the question still remains… how did a rock star wind up playing such an integral role in making this happen? The Washington Post dug into that curious arrangement this week and came up with at least a few answers.

At a launch event for To the Stars Academy in Seattle last fall, he explained that he was expanding his small entertainment venture — which has mostly published his graphic novels and books about UFOs and the paranormal — into a far more ambitious scientific operation, to explore “the most controversial secret on Earth.”

DeLonge, who was unavailable for comment, explained at the launch that he had used his fame to meet with the keepers of that secret, in “clandestine encounters” in “desert airports” and “vacant buildings deep within Washington, D.C.”

Some of those people sat behind DeLonge onstage, including former intelligence officer Luis Elizondo, the former director of a hush-hush UFO program at the Pentagon.

“The phenomenon is indeed real,” Elizondo said when it was his turn to speak. Just days before, the 22-year Defense Department veteran had submitted a resignation letter to the Pentagon, citing its disregard of “overwhelming evidence” that unexplained phenomena have been interfering with the U.S. military.

Reading this story it becomes clear that there was nothing particularly magical or mysterious as to how DeLonge managed to pull this off. It was just tenaciousness. He had made a fair amount of money (and plenty of contacts) through his work in music and publishing and once he launched into the UFO question he just didn’t give up. He was willing to talk to anyone – really anyone – who claimed to have information and he gained a foothold through some people with both government and military contacts. And then he kept on digging.

The biggest barrier DeLonge faced was the fact that there’s an unspoken rule about possible UFO phenomenon. Whether you’re in the government, the military or the media, you don’t talk about it. At least not seriously. To do so is a career death sentence and you’ll be mocked for it relentlessly. But Brad DeLonge had nothing to lose on that score and he kept digging, eventually finding some people willing to share information from inside the government and also some fighter pilots who had questions they knew they weren’t supposed to be asking. What were these things that they had been seeing?

DeLonge’s group has promised that there are more videos and reports being reviewed which will be released. None of it is conclusive… at least not yet. There could still be some perfectly acceptable terrestrial explanations for what they’ve found, though it would likely mean there is technology out there which most of us can’t even imagine and aren’t being told about. Perhaps it’s all U.S. black ops work. Or worse, something from the Russians or the Chinese. Or, just maybe… from somewhere further away.

Good for Brad Delonge. We don’t know what, if anything, he’s actually found yet. But these are questions worth answering and a very improbable agent was the guy who brought the conversation out into the daylight for examination.

{ https://hotair.com/ }

Pluto has had a tough few years since losing its planet status. In the years since its demotion, NASA scientists found the trans-Neptunian object to be a colder, hazier hellscape than once believed, and other researchers are actively searching for Pluto’s replacement in the elusive Planet Nine. It’s about time Pluto got some good news.

According to a new study published in the journal Science on Thursday, the surface of Pluto is more geologically diverse and dynamic than had been expected. One surprising find is that Pluto has dunes that give the demoted dwarf planet “Earth-like characteristics” rarely seen elsewhere in the Solar System. Outside of Earth, dunes only exist on Mars, Venus, Saturn’s moon Titan, and, somewhat randomly, Comet 67P.

Led by Matt W. Telfer, Ph.D., of the University of Plymouth, and the team first identified Pluto’s dunes from images taken by the New Horizons spacecraft. Unlike the sandy hills found on Earth, Pluto’s dunes are made from solid methane ice grains, found on the dwarf planet’s mountainous Sputnik Planitia region.

“When we first saw the New Horizons images, we thought instantly that these were dunes but it was really surprising because we know there is not much of an atmosphere,” said Jani Radebaugh, Ph.D. and co-author from Brigham Young University. “However despite being 30 times further away from the sun as the Earth, it turns out Pluto still has Earth-like characteristics. We have been focusing on what’s close to us, but there’s a wealth of information in the distant reaches of the solar system too.”

While Pluto’s dunes, situated at the edges of mountains near visible wind streaks, certainly give off an Earthly vibe, the dwarf planet’s atmosphere is considered too thin to actually pick up the tiny grains of methane to form these dunes. Dunes normally require a lot of wind-power to form, and it’s still unclear how Pluto’s methane dunes got there. Telfer’s team posits that methane grains could have been sent into the atmosphere due to the melting of nitrogen ice, or blown down from nearby mountains in Sputnik Planitia.

The age of Pluto’s dunes is also forcing researchers to reconsider what is known about the shamed former-planet. As observed by Telfer and Radebaugh’s team, these methane dunes appear largely undisturbed, which suggests that they were formed within the past 500,000 years or earlier. If they have, indeed, formed in the recent geological past, it would mean that Pluto, at 4.5 billion years old, still hosts an active and changing atmosphere that produces geologically young landforms.

While Earth-like characteristics might not bring back Pluto’s planet status, the rarity of this find means the dwarf planet still has a lot of insight to offer scientists. This discovery means researchers now must rethink the role of a space object’s atmosphere in shaping the surface landscape.

Dunes on Pluto

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

Aside from a stray asteroid whizzing past Earth every now and then, our little corner of the Milky Way may seem pretty peaceful. But in reality, our galactic neighborhood is being held together by an army of the most destructive and mysterious beings in the universe: black holes. Now, for the first time, NASA has captured this terrifying squad in living color.

We first got a hint of how many black holes formed this squad in April, when a Nature article revealed estimates that the center of the Milky Way is home to tens of thousands of black holes. In April, when Inverse interviewed Chuck Hailey, Ph.D.,the co-director of the Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory and lead author of that paper, he explained that this mob of black holes occupies an area only three light years away from the supermassive black hole that also resides at the center of our galaxy — Sagittarius A*.

Now, thanks to NASA we no longer have to imagine what the gaping jaws of death in the Milky Way’s core look like. On Thursday, the space agency published an image of the black hole cluster it rendered from data collected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

All black holes are completely invisible to us because they don’t emit or reflect light — they just gobble it up. Luckily, the region of space shown above is also inhabited by tons of stars, gas, dust for the black holes to feed on. For us to capture images of these perplexing, insatiable life-suckers, they need to be constantly feeding on these celestial bodies.

As debris from nearby stars spiral into a black hole, they form an accretion disk, which is a rotating disk of superheated particles. The debris in these discs heat up to millions of degrees and emit powerful X-rays before disappearing into oblivion. Telescopes like Chandra can pick up on those distant X-rays, which are represented by the bright white spots in the image.

While this image, with its numerous white spots, might seem more surreal than informative, astronomers can tell the relative sizes of some of the black holes by comparing their accretion disks. This also offers insight into how these monolithically destructive forces are transforming the core of our galaxy.

It’s a sobering thought: If you’re ever feeling stressed out or sad by minor Earth things, just remember that our existence is held in the balance by 10,000 to 20,000 black holes.

A Tour of the Sagittarius A* Black Hole Swarm

• NASA/Chandra X-Ray Observatory, 
• Chandra X-ray Observatory / NASA, 
• Flickr / thebadastronomer

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

Dwergplaneet Pluto blijkt ook duintjes te hebben

Caroline Kraaijvanger

Ze bestaan niet uit zand, maar uit korreltjes methaanijs.

Onderzoekers ontdekten de duintjes op foto’s die ruimtesonde New Horizons in juli 2015 maakte terwijl deze langs Pluto scheerde. De duintjes bevinden zich aan het randje van Sputnik Planitia – een gigantische gletsjer – en lopen min of meer paralel aan de bergketen al-Idrisi Montes. In totaal ontdekten de onderzoekers in een vrij klein gebied meer dan 350 van deze duintjes.

Vraagstuk
In eerste instantie geloofden de onderzoekers hun eigen ogen niet. Want hoe konden in de dunne atmosfeer van Pluto krachtige winden ontstaan die in staat waren om materiaal van het oppervlak op te pakken en elders weer neer te leggen? Om dat vraagstuk op te kunnen lossen, gingen de onderzoekers aan de slag met onder meer computermodellen. En ze denken er nu uit te zijn: het materiaal wordt opgezwiept door sublimatie, waarna de zwakke winden op Pluto het alleen nog maar mee hoeven te vervoeren.

Duintjes op Pluto.

Afbeelding: NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute.

Methaan
Volgens de onderzoekers zijn de duintjes opgebouwd uit methaanijskorrels die ongeveer net zo groot zijn als zandkorrels. En die methaanijskorrels kiezen het luchtruim door sublimatie. Je moet bedenken dat het oppervlak van Pluto bestaat uit methaan- en stikstofijskristallen. Wanneer die sterk genoeg door de zon verwarmd worden, verdampen ze. De gassen die zo ontstaan, haasten zich weg van het oppervlak en lanceren de methaanijskorrels die ze onderweg tegenkomen. Eenmaal in de lucht kunnen die methaanijskorrels – mede dankzij de beperkte zwaartekracht op de dwergplaneet – gemakkelijk door Pluto’s zwakke winden (met snelheden tussen de 30 en 40 kilometer per uur) worden meegevoerd. Waarna ze vervolgens aan de rand van de grote ijsvlakte die aan de voet van het gebergte ligt, worden afgezet.

Afgaand op onder meer de tamelijk onverstoorde vorm van de duintjes, denken de onderzoekers dat deze nog vrij jong zijn. Ze zouden in de afgelopen 500.000 jaar zijn ontstaan.

Bronmateriaal:

"Scientists reveal the secrets behind Pluto’s dunes" - University of Plymouth

Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute

{https://www.scientias.nl/l }

'We roeien aliens uit vóór we ze kunnen ontdekken'

Caroline Kraaijvanger

{https://www.scientias.nl/l }

Wetenschap onthult waar we op Mars gefossiliseerde aliens kunnen vinden

Caroline Kraaijvanger

{https://www.scientias.nl/l }

Pluto has frozen ‘sand’ dunes made from methane ice

BY TIBI PUIU

For some time, scientists have been intrigued by strange, regularly spaced ridges, that stuck out of Pluto’s cold, dark plains like thumbprints pressed into ice. Now, a new study suggests that these formations are actually dunes made out of methane “sand,” which is striking considering the dwarf planet’s extremely thin atmosphere.

“When we first saw the New Horizons images, we thought instantly that these were dunes but it was really surprising because we know there is not much of an atmosphere. However despite being 30 times further away from the sun as the Earth, it turns out Pluto still has Earth-like characteristics. We have been focusing on what’s close to us, but there’s a wealth of information in the distant reaches of the solar system too,” said Dr. Jani Radebaugh, Associate Professor in the Department of Geological Sciences at Brigham Young University.

Earth is not the only place in the solar system with dunes. Previously, scientists had spotted them on Mars, Titan, and even on a freaking comet. Now, Pluto, a place few expected could harbor such formations, joins the list of dune-bearing worlds.

“We knew that every solar system body with an atmosphere and a solid rocky surface has dunes on it, but we didn’t know what we’d find on Pluto,” said Dr Matt Telfer, Lecturer in Physical Geography at the University of Plymouth, lead author of the new study published in Science.

The dunes were first spotted by NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft in 2015 when it found methane mounds nestled beside the massive glacier that makes up the western half of Pluto’s Sputnik Planitia, the famous heart-shaped region. The mounds stretch for more than 12 miles and occupy an area equivalent to twice that of Utah Lake.

Pluto’s heart-shaped Sputnik Planitia.

Credit: NASA.

The frozen sand whose features resembles earthly dunes is shaped by winds blown on the glacial plain from the direction of a mountain range found along Planitia’s border. Scientists know this because of the shape of the piles of sand whose dark streaks allowed them to retrace the direction from which the wind blew.

This was a surprising observation. With an atmosphere 100,000 times thinner than on Earth and an average temperature hovering at about -230°C, it’s difficult to imagine the wind blowing anything there. The surface patterns recorded by New Horizons don’t lie, though.

Researchers modeled the conditions they saw and concluded that the ‘sand’ is made of nitrogen or methane ice. There’s plenty of nitrogen ice adorning the glacier nearby from the dunes while methane is likely sourced from the snowcaps of nearby mountains like al-Idrisi Montes, which drifts down into the plane.

Once airborne, the particles are pushed by winds that blow between 18 and 24 miles an hour. The winds may be powered by the sublimation of surface ice which turns from solid directly into gas when sunlight hits. The upward force is what drives the piles of particles at the surface.

“On Earth, you need a certain strength of wind to release sand particles into the air, but winds that are 20% weaker are then sufficient to maintain transport. The considerably lower gravity of Pluto, and the extremely low atmospheric pressure, means the winds needed to maintain sediment transport can be a hundred times lower. The temperature gradients in the granular ice layer, caused by solar radiation, also play an important role in the onset of the saltation process. Put together, we have found that these combined processes can form dunes under normal, everyday wind conditions on Pluto,” said Dr Eric Parteli, Lecturer in Computational Geosciences at the University of Cologne.

The researchers also think that the dunes are young, rather than ancient, and might still be active. For instance, Pluto’s heart-shaped central plain has a peculiar polygonal pattern which resembles the surface of gently boiling water. This feature is the result of slow convection in the thick layer or nitrogen and other ices over hundreds of thousands of years, according to one hypothesis. If this is true, the dunes have to be more recent than the action of this convection otherwise they’d be churned apart by it.

Personally, I find it remarkable every time we get to see familiar Earthly features on alien worlds, be them tall mountains, vast deserts, or undulating canals. Sights like these, including these most recent findings on Pluto, remind us that, in some respects, our world isn’t that special at all.

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

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