Astronomers Find a Star That Contains 65 Different Elements

Have you ever held a chunk of gold in your hand? Not a little piece of jewelry, but an ounce or more? If you have, you can almost immediately understand what drives humans to want to possess it and know where it comes from.

We know that gold comes from stars. All stars are comprised primarily of hydrogen and helium. But they contain other elements, which astrophysicists refer to as a star’s metallicity. Our Sun has a high metallicity and contains 67 different elements, including about 2.5 trillion tons of gold.

Now astronomers have found a distant star that contains 65 elements, the most ever detected in another star. Gold is among them.

There’s a fairly bright star in our neighbourhood of the Milky Way named HD 222925. It’s close to the southern sky’s Tucana (Toucan) constellation. Astronomers are calling it the “gold standard” star because it’s their best opportunity to study how stars create some of the heavy elements in the Universe. That process is called the r-process, or rapid neutron capture process.

A new paper presents a chemical inventory for HD 222925 of all the elements produced by the r-process. The paper is “The R-Process Alliance: A Nearly Complete R-Process Abundance Template Derived from Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the R-Process-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star HD 222925.” It’s available online at the pre-press site arxiv.org and will be published in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. The lead author is Ian Roederer, an astronomer at the University of Michigan.

HD 222295 is an r-process enhanced but metal-poor star. It has high metallicity, meaning it contains many elements other than hydrogen and helium, but not much of those elements by mass. It’s not the first one discovered. That distinction belongs to CS 22892–052, also known as Sneden’s star, after the scientist who first identified 53 chemical elements in it. But HD 222295 is much brighter in UV than Sneden’s star, making it much easier to observe spectroscopically. That’s how the researchers were able to identify 65 different elements.

“To the best of my knowledge, that’s a record for any object beyond our Solar System. And what makes this star so unique is that it has a very high relative proportion of the elements listed along the bottom two-thirds of the periodic table. We even detected gold,” Roederer said in a press release. “These elements were made by the rapid neutron capture process. That’s really the thing we’re trying to study: the physics in understanding how, where and when those elements were made.”

There are two types of neutron capture: the slow neutron capture process, or s-process, and the r-process. The s-process is reasonably well-understood, but scientists still have significant questions about the r-process. Astrophysicists have a good theoretical understanding of the r-process, but it wasn’t observed directly until 2019 when observers saw strontium in the wreckage of a kilonova explosion.

Rapid neutron capture allows an atomic nucleus to capture neutrons quicker than the neutrons can decay, creating heavy elements. The r-process begins with elements lighter than iron. In an environment with lots of neutrons and lots of energy, these lighter elements can capture neutrons since they’re neutral and have no charge. When an atom captures a neutron, it emits an electron, converting the neutron into another proton. That raises the atomic number, and the lighter element becomes a heavier element.

These heavier elements—including precious gold—are rarely detected in stars because the astrophysical sites that foster the r-process are rare. “You need lots of neutrons that are free and a very high energy set of conditions to liberate them and add them to the nuclei of atoms,” Roederer said. “There aren’t very many environments in which that can happen—two, maybe.”

This rarity makes the r-process challenging to study, and also what makes the heavier elements, like gold, rare. It’s what makes HD 222295 the gold standard.

Neutron star mergers and the resulting kilonova explosions are one of the environments that foster the r-process. Supernovae explosions of massive stars are the other. Nailing down the astrophysical environments that allow the r-process is critical in understanding the r-process. Now astrophysicists want to study the process in more detail.

“That’s an important step forward: recognizing where the r-process can occur. But it’s a much bigger step to say, ‘What did that event actually do? What was produced there?’” Roederer said. “That’s where our study comes in.”

HD 222295 didn’t produce the heavy elements it contains. They were produced earlier in the Universe and then spread into space by either supernovae or kilonovae. Then they were taken up in another generation of star formation, in this case by HD 222295.

“We now know the detailed element-by-element output of some r-process event that happened early in the universe,” said study co-author Anna Frebel. Frebel is a physics professor at MIT. “Any model that tries to understand what’s going on with the r-process has to be able to reproduce that,” she said.

Scientists know that the r-process is one of the main ways stars and their remnants produce heavier elements with atomic numbers greater than 30. Recent observations confirmed that the r-process occurs in neutron star mergers and the resulting kilonova explosions. But there are still some open questions that have persisted for a long time, like which elements it produces and in what abundances?

Those questions led to the creation of the R-Process Alliance, a group of scientists trying to find answers. Some of the authors of this new study are members of the Alliance. This is the second paper published by members of the Alliance that focuses on HD 222295. The researchers think that HD 222295 is one of a group of stars that formed in an environment enriched by the r-process. The star’s metallicity is higher than most known stars enriched by the r-process. That suggests that multiple supernovae enriched it. HD 222295 likely didn’t form as part of the Milky Way but was captured by our galaxy at some point in the past.

“HD 222925 exhibits no remarkable characteristics in its chemical abundance pattern, other than the overall enhancement of r-process elements,” the authors write. “Thus, it may be considered as reflecting the yields of the dominant r-process source(s) in the early universe.”

Now that astrophysicists have identified a bright star containing elements from the r-process, it can act as a proxy for what supernovae and kilonovae produce. As researchers create models of the r-process inside these events that creates the heavy elements, those models must have the same signature as HD 222295. Hence, it’s the gold standard.

Gold has always held a certain mystique for humanity. It’s unique among the elements and made regular appearances in the world’s myths. In ancient Greece, the Gods dressed in gold and golden apples conferred mortality on those who ate them if they could get past the dragon that guarded them. In Hindu mythology, gold is the source of power and can transmit divine consciousness. It’s also the soul of the world itself.

Those beliefs are wiped away now, lost to time. But the science that replaces them is even more fascinating. The ancients could never have imagined that their myths would be replaced by science and that stars could explode and create gold and other elements. They could never have envisioned gigantic mountain-top telescopes that peer vast distances into space. They could never have imagined that we could cut up a star’s light and determine that the star holds gold.

And they could never have guessed that our own Sun contains 2.5 trillion tons of gold.

More:

• Press Release: Astronomers find ‘gold standard’ star in Milky Way
• New Research: The R-Process Alliance: A Nearly Complete R-Process Abundance Template Derived from Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the R-Process-Enhanced Metal-Poor Star HD 222925
• Universe Today: Astronomers See Strontium in the Kilonova Wreckage, Proof that Neutron Star Collisions Manufacture Heavy Elements in the Universe

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Scouring Through old Hubble Images Turned up 1,000 new Asteroids

Researchers have found over 1,700 asteroid trails in archived Hubble data from the last 20 years. While many of the asteroids are previously known, more than 1,000 are not. What good are another 1,000 asteroids? Like all asteroids, they could hold valuable clues to the Solar System’s history.

As time passes and more and more telescopes perform more and more observations, their combined archival data keeps growing. Sometimes discoveries lurk in that data that await new analytical tools or renewed efforts from scientists before they’re revealed. That’s what happened in an effort called the Hubble Asteroid Hunter.

In 2019 a group of astronomers launched the Hubble Asteroid Hunter. It’s a citizen science project on the Zooniverse platform. Their goal was to comb through Hubble data to find new asteroids.

“The amount of data in astronomy archives increases exponentially and we wanted to make use of this amazing data.”

Sandor Kruk, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics.

The astronomers released the results of their project in a new paper titled “Hubble Asteroid Hunter I. Identifying asteroid trails in Hubble Space Telescope images.” The study is online in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. The lead author is Sandor Kruk from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics.

“One astronomer’s trash can be another astronomer’s treasure,” Kruk said in a press release. The data they searched for was largely discarded from other observational efforts not focused on asteroids. In many cases, the data would have appeared as “noise” and was removed to make different elements stand out. But all of this secondary, unexamined data is still archived and available. “The amount of data in astronomy archives increases exponentially, and we wanted to make use of this amazing data,” said Kruk.

The project examined more than 37,000 composite Hubble images. They were taken between 30 April 2002 and 14 March 2021 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and the Wide Field Camera 3 onboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Most images are 30-minute long exposures, so asteroid trails appear as curved streaks.

The streaks go to the heart of the problem: computers struggle to detect them. That’s where the Zooniverse platform and citizen scientists come in.

“Due to the orbit and motion of Hubble itself, the streaks appear curved in the images, which makes it difficult to classify asteroid trails – or rather it is difficult to tell a computer how to automatically detect them,” explained Sandor Kruk. “Therefore, we needed volunteers to do an initial classification, which we then used to train a machine-learning algorithm.”

The volunteers delivered. 11,482 citizen scientists took part in classifying the images. The Hubble Asteroid Hunter page at Zooniverse had over 2 million clicks, and the volunteers provided 1488 positive classifications in about 1 % of the images.

The work of the citizens who took part trained a machine-learning algorithm to search the rest of the images quickly and accurately. The algorithm exists in the Google Cloud, and once it was trained, it contributed another 900 detections for a total of 2487 potential asteroid trails in the Hubble data.

Then the professional scientists played their role. Three of the paper’s authors, including lead author Sandor Kruk, went over the results. They excluded things like cosmic rays and other objects, which resulted in 1701 trails found in 1316 Hubble images. About one-third of them were known asteroids, leaving 1031 unidentified asteroid trails.

Follow-up observations will confirm how many of them are newly-discovered asteroids and determine their orbits. Some of 1031 will likely not be confirmed, but the rest will help flesh out our understanding of our Solar System’s asteroid population.

These asteroids have escaped detection because they’re fainter and likely much smaller than most asteroids detected from the ground. This paper is the first one released as part of the Hubble Asteroid Hunter project. In subsequent papers, the authors will use the curved shape of the asteroid trails to determine their orbits and their distances.

All asteroids are remnants from the Solar System’s early days, mostly from before the planets formed. They’re like nature’s time capsules, and they preserve the conditions in the early system. That’s why astronomers are so interested in them and why we’ve sent spacecraft to collect samples from asteroids like Bennu and Ryugu.

“The asteroids are remnants from the formation of our Solar System, which means that we can learn more about the conditions when our planets were born,” Kruk explained.

More and more researchers are making use of archival data like this. It’s economical to scour existing images for new discoveries, and it bears fruit. “The use of archival data produced by imaging campaigns whose primary science goals lie outside the Solar System is common practice in asteroid science. Several groups have used various image archives to find and characterize SSOs.” For example, in 2019, researchers used archival images from exoplanet surveys to identify over 1800 asteroids, with 182 potential new discoveries.

Astronomers want a complete understanding of the Solar System’s asteroid population because it helps clarify the Solar System’s history. “A detailed description of the small bodies in the Solar System puts constraints on the different Solar System formation scenarios, which make concrete predictions on the size and orbit distribution of objects as a function of time,” the authors explain. “In particular, both the giant planets’ migrations and collisional cascades have effects on the asteroids’ size and orbital distributions that could be detectable with specially purposed observational surveys.”

But specially purposed surveys are expensive and time-consuming. Observing proposals also face stiff competition from other researchers with other foci. “We instead decided to produce such a survey from a large archival dataset,” the authors write.

Kruk hinted at things in the data other than asteroids. “But there were other serendipitous finds in the archival images as well, which we are currently following up.” He also said that their approach is a game-changer, and they intend to use it again. “Using such a combination of human and artificial intelligence to scour vast amounts of data is a big game-changer, and we will also use these techniques for other upcoming surveys, such as with the Euclid telescope.”

As far as the “… other serendipitous finds…” in the images, Kruk declined to share what those other finds might be. He told Universe Today that the findings are “… not related to unusual asteroids but to other findings in the data. We will report them in follow-up publications and announcements soon, so stay tuned!”

We certainly will.

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Engineers Design an Electrical Microgrid for a Lunar Base

For seventy years, Albuquerque-based Sandia National Laboratories has been developing electrical microgrids that increase community resilience and ensure energy security. Applications include the Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS), designed to support military bases abroad, and independent power systems for hospitals and regions where electrical grids are at risk of being compromised by natural disasters (like hurricanes, flooding, and earthquakes).

In the coming years, Artemis Program, NASA will be sending astronauts back to the Moon for the first time since the Apollo Era and establish a “sustained program of lunar exploration.” To ensure that astronauts have the necessary power to maintain their habitats and support operations on the surface, NASA has partnered with Sandia to develop microgrids for the Moon! This technology could also support future endeavors, like mining, fuel processing, and other activities on the Moon.

One of the main objectives of the Artemis Program is the creation of lunar infrastructure that will allow for long-duration surface operations and eventual missions to Mars. To ensure that rotating crews can explore and conduct science experiments on the surface, NASA will establish the Lunar Gateway (by 2024) and the Artemis Base Camp before this decade is over. This concept will serve as a technology demonstration that will validate design elements and systems for an eventual Martian habitat, allowing for short stays with the eventual goal of staying up to two months.

The Base Camp concept consists of a habitation unit capable of accomodating up to four astronauts as well as a mining and processing facility that will use local resources (lunar regolith and water ice) to fashion rocket fuel, water, oxygen gas, and building materials – a process known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). This will extend the duration and range of surface exploration while reducing dependence on resupply missions from Earth. This facility and its microgrid will be located far from the base camp to avoid disrupting other science and technology activities.

But to ensure resiliency and robustness, the electrical grids for both units will be connected during emergencies. While NASA is designing the electrical system controller for the habitation unit, which will be very similar to the International Space Station’s (ISS) direct-current (DC) system, Sandia’s engineers are developing the system that will connect the two microgrids and studying the power flow and operation between them. Said Jack Flicker, a Sandia electrical engineer, in a Sandia LabNews statement:

“There are some very important differences between something like an ISS-type microgrid to something that has the extent of a moon base. One of those differences is the geographic size, which can be problematic, especially when running at low DC voltages.

“Another is that when you start to extend these systems, there will be a lot more power electronics as well as a lot more distributed energy resources that will exist throughout the base. Sandia has been looking at microgrids with a lot of distributed energy resources for quite a long time.”

Microgrids are part of a larger field of technology that includes distributed energy resources (smaller sources of electricity like solar panels and wind turbines) and power electronics – devices that keep electrical systems operating within specifications (like converters). Since 2021, electrical engineer Lee Rashkin and control engineer Dave Wilson have been designing the software to regulate the electrical system controller for the mining and processing center’s microgrid.

This controller needs to maintain an even voltage over different timescales ranging from milliseconds and minutes to entire lunar nights (28 days). In many respects, said Dave, this controller is similar to a vehicle’s cruise control system in that it maintains an even level of voltage on the grid amid changing external situations:

“Our goal is to come up with a lunar energy power management system that can efficiently maintain a level system on all those timescales. We’ve got a specialized Secure Scalable Microgrid [SSM] facility and control-system-design methodology that analyzes this. The facility also has specialized energy storage emulators that can help us determine the specifications for how much energy storage the base needs and their requirements.”

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Black Object Over Erie, Pennsylvania May 15, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 15, 2022

Location of sighting: Erie, Pennsylvania, USA

Email report

This UFO has me stumped. It looks like a person in a black ironman suit or something. I have not clue what to think about this one. Its recorded in broad daylight in downtown Erie. Great catch and I really hope to get more video or photos of this object. If you live there please hit that area and if you see something like this, post it to my twitter feed at @scottcwaring thanks so much! Not sure about this one, but really sparked my interest. Almost looks like a flying panda bear, yeah I know, but it looks like it. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

If you want to report a UFO or alien encounter, please email it to scwaring@yahoo.com and I will check out each and every one. It may even make it to my website or channel. 

 

Eyewitness states:

My girlfriend and I had just checked out of our hotel room at the solstice hotel just off Route 19 by splash lagoon. I looked up into the sky since it was considerably nicer than the day before at this time. And I noticed a black dot in the sky at first. I pointed it out to my gf because it was large enough or close enough to be distinguishable as something but I couldn’t quite tell what it was.

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Ancient Annunaki Aliens Visited Earth to Extract Gold

It is interesting to think about the origins of humanity, and how it all started. Scientists believe that life has evolved in the oceans for millions of years and that humans are just the consequence of that evolution. For example, ancient astronaut concepts take a different perspective to the beginnings of humanity. They believe that in the distant past, ancient gods (Annunaki) landed on earth and created humanity. Regardless of the fact that this concept has long been disproved, various ancient texts confirm their descent from heaven.

An author named Zecharia Sitchin once claimed that ancient astronauts, an alien species, had interfered with human biology. He said that the Annunaki were extraterrestrials who came to Earth in search of wealth from Nibiru, a mythic planet beyond Neptune.

Sitchin claims that the Annunaki were able to change primordial humans’ DNA 450,000 years ago by fusing their DNA with theirs and sending them to work mining Earth’s natural resources such as gold. Nibiru, he claims, has a lengthy elliptical orbit and passes near the Earth every 3,600 years. Sitchin also said that this planet was home to highly evolved human-like beings that were taller compared to humans. They were drawn to Southeast Africa’s gold richness some 450,000 years ago.

Sitchin is the author of over 13 novels, which sold millions of copies over many countries. Sitchin’s works have been translated into over twenty-five various languages. Scientists, archaeologists, and historians dubbed him “silly” due to his opposing views on ancient history, civilization, and gods. Nonetheless, Sitchin was able to carry on his analysis.

Aside from Sitchin’s works, there is a ton of research in ancient writings from many cultures about gods that came from above. Stories about visits from the sky also occur among the Dogon, Hopi, and Anasazi peoples, among others. He said that when these intergalactic invaders arrived on our planet, they discovered primitive humanity. The Annunaki God Enki, also known as God of knowledge, interfered in these humans’ genes, genetically modifying them, and forced that primitive people to work for him as miners.

The gods’ cities were destroyed by the big flood that happened 30,000 years ago, compelling them to pass on their knowledge to humanity. The Annunaki gods, according to Sitchin, got back to their planet on a spaceship roughly 2569 years ago. El Dorado is frequently connected with gold rites done by the Muisca civilization close Lake Guatavita in Columbia. According to mythology, the Muisca tribe poured a large volume of gold into the lake. This holy spot continues to draw gold prospectors.

Researchers think that evidence of alien life visiting Earth in quest of gold can be discovered at the bottom of a lake. What did the gold serve for the extraterrestrials? Some ancient theorists that studies alien activity, believed that extraterrestrials might have used gold to deflect sun rays from their sky and that way they were able to save their planets. Gold is essential in space travel and astronomy.

According to Derrick Pitts, Chief Astronomer and Planetarium Director of the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, gold is an inert substance that does not react with anything. He also mentioned that it’s an exceptional electrical conductor and an excellent infrared reflector. Gold blankets might shield spacecraft from the extreme heat coming from some star or some other source of heat.

A large golden sun disc sat at the Qorikancha sun temple in Cusco, in Peru. Many researchers believe that the object was a sign of a UFO which was gold-plated and which had appeared in front of the king of the Incas called Atahualpa. This king was known for having connection with these gods that came from the sky.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Lights In Sky Over All Wisconsin, May 14, 2022, 3 Videos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 14, 2022

Location of sighting: Wisconsin, USA

Source email reports: Send to scwaring@yahoo.com

 

Guys this is very fascinating. This long line of glowing objects was seen clear across Wisconsin last night. It coincides with a SpaceX launch earlier that day. Three reports, three videos and three different descriptions. If this is Star-link then the world is getting really creepy. What I mean is...as of May 2022 there are 2,200 Star-link satellites currently in orbit. This sounds really extreme to me. Do you remember Skynet from Terminator? Whats going to happen if AI gets control of those satellites, the same satellites used to help Ukraine in the war against Russia? It could be an extinction level event. Or if the satellites are there to carry out Project Blue Beam, a top secret project leaked by 3 reporters who by the way were murdered soon after leaking it to the public. Blue Beam is suppose to make holographic blue disks appear over major cities around the world, in order to unite the countries to form one county. What ever is going on in the sky over Wisconsin...its going to be bad somewhere down the road. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness one in the city of Superior, Wisconsin states: 

We observed a long bright band of light in the sky which we thought to be a comet, but as the object came into focus it seemed to be a long, bright, cigar shaped ship, traveling fairly quickly across the sky. The object seemed to have many windows and was lit from the inside. As it passed in front of us the "windows" seemed to "close" and the band of light became brighter and as if it was spinning. When it became brighter the band of light seemed to illuminate a dull, black disc shaped ship. The object continued along the shore, completely silent. The band of light seemed to get shorter as it angled away from us, before suddenly disappearing completely. 

 

Second wintess in Luck, Wisconsin states: 

Large cigar shaped object witnessed in Luck, WI at 10:05 pm with husband. The object had no sound and continued on a path east. Eventually Hubert’s and then shot up to the sky with no sound. It seemed dull in color and lights seem to moved on object at fast speed, as well. It left my husband and I speechless this evening. 

 

Third eyewitness in Fredric, Wisconsin states: 

Looked like a comet but many times faster than an airplane at cruising altitude traversing the sky. It appeared long as what caught my eye at first as the trail yo be it’s entirety.

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Mysterious Craft Over Thermal, California May 14, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News

Date of sighting: May 14, 2022

Location of sighting: Thermal, California, USA

Email report: Sent to scwaring@yahoo.com 

 

Hey just woke up and checked my email, got a few reports and this one blew my mind. A woman was looking out her window at Thermal, California and noticed this huge cigar craft flying over the mountains. The direction its heading to is Area 51 and the area is also famous for the Extraterrestrial highway...a highway famous for its UFO sightings. Guys, this takes the cake. Its not a plane, no wings, no tail no propellers or jets. Not a blimp, no propellers, no carriage to hold people no windows, no lights...truly an alien craft. I am so grateful to this person for sending it into me. 

 

Email reports with photos or video to me at scwaring@yahoo.com 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states:

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Guy Summons UFO With Meditation, Camden, Maine, May 12, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: May 12, 2022
Location of sighting: Camden, Maine, USA

Source: Email (send all reports to scwaring@yahoo.com)

 

Hey check this out. A reader on my website sent in a video today that  started with him trying to intimidate a meditative contact with a UFO. To use meditation to call it to come closer. This has been a thing since the old Fox News Las Vegas video in 2010 of a man calling UFOs on TV news! Anyways, it works, I've done it myself, stay calm, focus the thoughts on a mental sentence and project it out into the sky. Make sure to be outside, rooftop, park open area works. Just say in your mind with kindness and love in your heart (they can sense your feelings)..."Hello my brothers and sisters from far away, we are one, please come to me." And it will work, like it did the first time I ever used it. Just as this eyewitness in the video used a similar technique to mentally call them. 

Scott C. Waring - Tiawan   

 

Eyewitness states: 

I used meditation after watching a documentary and The UFO appeared. After completing my daily walk from Camden harbor to Rockport harbor had previously witnessed a UFO. Upon watching a documentary that afternoon about how to meditate to summon UFOs I perform the act at the Camden library Park in Camden Maine. I looked up I said a few people visiting and Saw a hovering tic tac shaped craft that I proceeded to follow and film.

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New infrared image shows 'swarm' of flashing 'Tic-Tac shaped' UFOs chasing four US Navy destroyers off California coast at 70mph

• A grainy new image has been released by the Navy showing what appears to be three small dots, representing unmanned aerial systems (UAS)

• Three devices appeared about the USS Paul Hamilton on July 17, 2019, and said a 'swarm' appeared in and out over the course of three hours 

• Other ships off the coast of California also reported several occurrences of UAS and 'red flashing lights'  throughout July, starting on the 14th 

• The Navy said in April 2021 that it was unable to identify the objects and the Department of Defense has since declined to comment 

By ALYSSA GUZMAN FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A newly released infrared image showed a 'swarm' of three 'Tic-Tac shaped' UFOs chase four U.S. Navy destroyers off the coast of California. 

The grainy image has been released by the Navy and shows what appears to be three small dots, representing unmanned aerial systems (UAS), hovering near the USS Paul Hamilton. It was one of the many occurrences Naval ships saw over the course of weeks, as many destroyers spotted these contraptions in July 2019. 

These three UAS appeared near the ship around 8pm on July 17 shortly after the USS Paul Hamilton cut location broadcasting via the Automatic Identification System (AIS). Ships are not required to broadcast their location 24/7 and usually disable the transponder in situations that call for heightened security.

This decision was not reflected on the ship's deck log, but earlier in the month, logs indicate that other ships in the area also turned of AIS during UAS activity. 

Additionally, the USS Paul Hamilton's log did indicate that the UAS appeared shortly after it had turned its navigation lights on. 

Shortly before 8pm, one UAS was spotted one nautical mile away. Twenty minutes later, the timeline indicates that two more were seen, with one falling into the water, The Drive reported after viewing documents it received through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request. The ship reported seeing red, flashing lights. 

Roughly 30 minutes later, the USS Paul Hamilton reported a 'UAS swarm' and by 9:11 p.m., one UAS was directly above at 2,000 feet. By 9:15, the UAS moved away from the ship at almost 70mph before returning less than 10 minutes later. 

The USS Hamilton reported that the 'swarm' lasted almost three hours from 7:56 p.m. to 10:39 p.m. 

An infrared image showed the three UAS off of the USS Paul Hamilton on July 17th, 2019. A 'swarm' of them hovered near the ship for several hours, in just one of the many occurrences Naval ships saw over the course of weeks 

USS destroyers on patrol in July 2019 were suddenly swarmed by flashing, tic-toc shaped drones, which were able to travel long distance at high speeds

The USS Paul Hamilton (pictured) reported a 'swarm' of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) hovering near the ship on July 17th, in a series of several occurrence across many ships off the coast of California throughout the month of July 2019

The total number of UAS spotted by the Navy destroyer is unknown, due to abbreviated briefing slides, which were viewed by The Drive. 

Three days earlier, the USS John Finn also spotted 'red flashing lights' off the starboard side of the ship and indicated that they had turned off their AIS system. The ship spotted two UAS at elevations of 1,000 and 1,500 feet. 

One of the ships involved, the USS Omaha, released incomplete ship logs, The Drive reported. 

According to The Drive, the Navy did conduct countermeasure drills later in the week and the Navy may have introduced portable counter-drone devices. 

In April 2021, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael Gilday said the military had not been able to identify the aircrafts and the Department of Defense has since decline an answer thus far.  

The drama began on the night of July 14, 2019. Deck logs from the USS Kidd show that just before 10pm that night, two drones were spotted. 

An onboard intelligence crew responsible for documenting and investigating contact with unknown vessels - known as the Ship Nautical Or Otherwise Photographic Interpretation and Exploitation team, or SNOOPIE - was engaged to figure out who, or what, the mystery flying objects were.

The Navy unclassified documents, releasing to The Drive via FIOA request, the UAS movements off the USS Paul Hamilton  

Within a few minutes of the sighting, reports show the USS Kidd moved into quiet mode, minimizing communications as it sought to work what the threat level was.

It contacted a nearby warship also on patrol, the USS Rafael Peralta, who also engaged their onboard photo intelligence team, or SNOOPIE.

Several other US Navy destroyers on patrol nearby began noticing strange lights.

The USS John Finn also reported UAV activity, and noticed a 'red flashing light' at 10.03pm, according to its logbook.

Just over an hour later at 11.23pm, the USS Rafael Peralta spotted a white light hovering over the flight deck.

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The drone was able to remain hovering above the destroyer's helicopter landing pad while traveling at speeds of 16 knots and in low visibility. 

The nearly 90-minute encounter was well beyond the capability of commercially-available drones. 

The next night, the drones returned, this time as the warships were patrolling closer to the Californian mainland.  

They were first spotted by the USS Rafael Peralta and the ship's SNOOPIE team was engaged at 8:39pm.

The Paul Hamilton's ship logs on July 16 do not indicate any activity from UAS

The USS John Finn noted a few days earlier that it noticed two UAS 1,000 feet and 1,500 feet above the ship that were equipped with 'red flashing lights' 

At 8:56pm, logs show the USS Kidd had also come into contact with drones.

 'The drones seem to have pursued the ships, even as they continued to maneuver throughout the incident,' The Drive reported.

Logbooks onboard the USS Russell show drones were swarming all over it, dipping in elevation from 1000 to 700 feet and seemingly able to move in any direction.

The USS Russell had separate contact with drones nine occasions in less than an hour. 

Then at 9.20pm that night, the USS Kidd noticed 'multiple UAVs' around the ship. 

The USS Rafael Peralta was also swarmed by as many as four drones. It was contacted by a passing cruise ship, the Carnival Imagination, to say they too had spotted up to six drones.

The three-hour frenzy of activity continued until close to midnight, with none of the warships able to say with certainty where the drones had come from. 

The Navy's top commanders including the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and commander of the Pacific Fleet were notified. 

The Los Angeles bureau of the FBI was also brought in to look at the incident. 

The subsequent investigation found that just a handful of civilian ships were in the area at the time that could have been used as landing pads for the drones. 

Investigators suspected the drones may have been launched from the ORV Alguita, a catamaran in the area. 

Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Michael Gilday (pictured) said in April 2021 that the Navy has not been able to identify the UAS. Since then, the Department of Defense has declined to comment

And while the Alguita did have drones onboard, it was soon established its aircraft were not capable of such aeronautical feats.

Naval intelligence was brought in on the investigation and it was soon turning its glare inwards. 

The area is home to a large US Naval Base on Sam Clemente Island, where sensitive training operations are often undertaken. 

Read more:

• Navy Releases Timeline For Mysterious 2019 “UAS Swarm” Involving Warships Off California

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

In 2004, sailors aboard USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76) say they encountered a mysterious, orb-shaped flying object off the eastern coast of the United States, that nearly two decades later, still defies explanation. 

According to witnesses who were on the nuclear-powered Nimitz-class supercarrier that fateful night, a roughly 20 to 40-foot wide, luminous round object suddenly showed up and began to hover over the ship’s flight deck. 

Karol Olesiak who was a 3rd class petty officer and Quartermaster on the Ronald Reagan at the time of the incident told The Debrief that when he arrived to relieve the previous watch that evening, the outgoing Quartermaster of the Watch indicated something was already going on at that time, though the individual offered no additional information. However, it soon became apparent to Olesiak that something was happening outside above the flight deck. 

“I’m pretty sure ‘it’ was there,” Olesiak said. “And they were like, ‘I don’t know what that is. I don’t care.’ You know what I mean? Like they had an attitude like ‘I’m going to my rack. I don’t care. … don’t even bother me about this shit’… So this ‘thing’ is there, the entirety of my watch and because the officers are ignoring it, I’m forced to ignore it.” 

Olesiak said he saw a large round and orange-colored glowing object with a fiery surface hovering about 100 feet above the flight deck. 

He said he viewed this object directly through the windows on the bridge at eye level. Olesiak says the surface of the object reminded him of biblical descriptions of the “burning bush”.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Huge cigar-shaped UFO over Frederic & Luck, Wisconsin 14-May-2022

This huge cigar-shaped UFO was filmed in the sky above Frederic and Luck in Wisconsin on 14th May 2022.

Witness report: 

Saw a very large cigar shape object hovering floating in the sky over the mountain. Airplane flew towards the object but as it got clasper the airplane disappeared because of the distance but the cigar shape was huge so I could easily see it

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Hoagland said that when he first saw the old photos from the Apollo mission that were kept by Johnston in 1995, they had artificial structures, but were edited in the photos presented by NASA.

He personally saw that at the end of the 60s, NASA employees were ordered to paint the moonlit sky on negatives not to mislead the astronauts, because the sky on the moon is black.

Read also:

• Italian Astronaut Screams In Fear In Live ISS Video Seeing Two UFOs, Said “Almost Alien
• William Tompkins & MUFON Director: Earth Is Controlled By Warring Extraterrestrial Species
• Former Pentagon Officer: UFOs Burned US Pilots & There Are Unpublished UFO Videos
• ‘Grey’ Aliens Are Made From Human DNA, Says Pennsylvania Ufologist Professor

According to Johnston, in a series of shots against the black sky, white stripes showed intricate configurations, which were the ruins of huge buildings that once reached a height of several kilometers.

Of course, if such pictures were shown in the public, it could have created chaos in the media. Richard Hoagland showed reporters a snapshot of a huge building: a glass tower. Perhaps, this was one of the tallest structures found on the moon.

On March 21, 1996, a similar briefing was held at the Washington National Press Club where NASA scientists and engineers participating in the moon and Mars programs reported the results of processing the information received. For the first time, the existence on the moon of artificial structures and objects of anthropogenic nature was announced.

It is worth noting that NASA seems to have deliberately leaked information about extraterrestrial intelligence on the moon. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain the fact that George Leonard, who published his book “Somebody Else Is On The Moon” in 1970, wrote it on the basis of numerous photographs that he had access to in NASA. It is curious that the entire circulation of his book almost instantly disappeared from store shelves. It is believed that they could have bought it in bulk so that the book would not have been widely distributed

Leonard wrote in his book that they were assured of the complete lifelessness of the moon, but the data speak differently. He added that before the space age, astronomers had built big telescopes to check the strange activities on the moon that were noticed by both professionals and amateurs.

According to Johnston, the Americans, having been on the moon, discovered the so-called secret of gravity control. Whether this technology was applied in practice in terrestrial conditions is unknown. The lunar race resumed, and now, there are not two participants, as during the Cold War, but at least five. In addition to the United States, they are Russia, China, India, and Japan. The Americans have thawed their lunar program recently. One of the main proponents of this idea was George W. Bush. The States are going to build a base on the moon. Why it is needed, has not yet been told.

Most of the other astronomers are skeptical about the statements of Johnston and Hoagland. After all, these are the people who, in all seriousness, declared their mission to reveal all the secrets of NASA, to reveal all the information that, according to them, the agency is hiding. They even wrote a book and blog on the Internet. As for NASA representatives themselves, they usually do not comment on the statements of rogue scientists.

In the 2007 press release, Kay Ferrari, JPL’s Director of the SSA program, asked Johnston to resign. It was Johnston “being quoted [as] criticizing NASA in Hoagland’s new book, ‘Dark Mission,'” that prompted her to ask for Johnston’s resignation from the SSA Program. When Dr. Johnston refused, citing First Amendment protections of free speech afforded all NASA employees, even those at JPL, Ferrari apparently decided to remove him arbitrarily from the SSA Program, as stated in the press release.

After his abrupt departure, he indicated that he was tired of the US government sitting on evidence for more than four decades, evidence that ancient alien cities exist on the Moon. The low-quality pictures included in the book depict ruins of buildings, huge dome-like objects made of glass, stone towers, and castles hanging in the air.

“I have nothing to lose. I have quarreled with NASA and I got fired,” Ken Johnston said. (Click here to read more on Dr. Ken Johnston)

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

New Michael Salla: Did ISS Live Camera Reveal ET Space Fleet Participating in Disclosure Initiative?

On May 6, a formation of more than 30 UFOs was captured by one of the live cameras of the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS HD Earth Viewing Experiment gives a spectacular high altitude live feed of Earth as the ISS orbits at an altitude of approximately 250 miles (400 km) at over 17,000 mph (27,600 km/h).

During the live feed a large formation of disk-shaped UFOs appeared and moved across the full visual field of the camera before disappearing. According to information received by Elena Danaan, a former professional French archeologist, the UFOs belong to cooperating extraterrestrial organizations that are part of an officially sanctioned disclosure plan being conducted with an Earth Alliance.

This is the video version of an article published on May 12 on Exopolitics.org and is narrated by the author Dr. Michael Salla

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Guy Summons UFO With Meditation, Camden, Maine, May 12, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: May 12, 2022
Location of sighting: Camden, Maine, USA

Source: Email (send all reports to scwaring@yahoo.com)

 

Hey check this out. A reader on my website sent in a video today that  started with him trying to intimidate a meditative contact with a UFO. To use meditation to call it to come closer. This has been a thing since the old Fox News Las Vegas video in 2010 of a man calling UFOs on TV news! Anyways, it works, I've done it myself, stay calm, focus the thoughts on a mental sentence and project it out into the sky. Make sure to be outside, rooftop, park open area works. Just say in your mind with kindness and love in your heart (they can sense your feelings)..."Hello my brothers and sisters from far away, we are one, please come to me." And it will work, like it did the first time I ever used it. Just as this eyewitness in the video used a similar technique to mentally call them. 

Scott C. Waring - Tiawan   

 

Eyewitness states: 

I used meditation after watching a documentary and The UFO appeared. After completing my daily walk from Camden harbor to Rockport harbor had previously witnessed a UFO. Upon watching a documentary that afternoon about how to meditate to summon UFOs I perform the act at the Camden library Park in Camden Maine. I looked up I said a few people visiting and Saw a hovering tic tac shaped craft that I proceeded to follow and film.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

A man was able to film a mysterious humanoid on his house’s roof

A guy in a rural Mexican town noticed weird sounds coming from outside. Even though he was afraid, he decided to look at his video camera. After hearing some rustling sounds, the man took out his camera to get a better view. The man realized he was looking in the wrong place after hearing a strange pitched sound. From the other side, a towering, extraterrestrial-like creature emerged on the house’s roof, staring down at the guy.

The weird humanoid disappeared after a few seconds, and the guy, terrified, chooses to turn the other way and go back to his home.

Check out the video here and share your thoughts about what you saw. Is it possible? Or, we are looking at an edited video?

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Astronomer Catches Disk Shaped UFO While Viewing The Moon!

Amateur Astronomer catches Disk shaped UFO as he was recording the moon. I would like to show you a few other cases of UFOs that were captured by astronomers as they record the moon and to get your opinion to what the objects could be.

Video Source THE HIDDEN UNDERBELLY..

• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEFq...

Video Source Facebook Channel Ruben Ariza

• https://www.facebook.com/ruben.ariza.

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Megaplatanos | The Greek Roswell

Megaplatanos is a little village located outside of Athens. It is mostly inhabited by farmers and shepherds who work in the fields and mountains from early morning until nightfall, as do other Greek communities. On September 2nd, 1990, at about 9 p.m., a few people who happened to be standing outdoors staring up at the sky, have noticed a few odd lights in the sky. It was a group of five or six mysterious flying objects approaching from the north, one of which was flying unpredictably. Witnesses reported observing odd lights emitted by the troubled plane, causing it to lose altitude and crash into a close mountain. The Megaplatanos crash is recognized as Greece’s Roswell event.

Mysterious lights over Greece

The mysterious lights were originally seen hovering over central Greece. According to reports, over a dozen of these objects were hovering across the sky about that time. They were observed flying north, past the city of Thessaloniki, close to Mount Pentelicus. The ships eventually shifted direction and proceeded south into the Peloponnese area. They changed direction and proceeded back towards central Greece from there. One of the UFOs appeared to shift colors and started flying erratically at that moment. As those objects settled in Atalanti, the troubled UFO fell quickly and crashed on the southern section of Tympristos, a tiny hill located a few kilometers outside Megaplatanos. On the crest of this hill is a modest church known as the Church of Prophet Elias. The object was believed to have crashed just yards away from the church. This event happened on Sunday night around 9:30 p.m.

People who witnessed these objects have reported that the other UFOs have headed towards the crashed one and very quickly backed up towards the sky. Some thought that was some sort of well-organized recovery mission for the crashed UFO.

One family bears testimony

The Karadratu family observed bright lights lighting up the dark sky for almost 15 minutes. They overheard 3 loud explosions before noticing that one of the flying objects had gotten brighter and closer to them. They saw it fall approximately a kilometer away from their house, the object had seemed to be damaged or on fire. The family has reported that they saw a black smoke after the crash happened. They also added that other UFOs have fallen near the grounded craft and had started circulating it. The objects’ lights were so strong that they were able to light up a section of the mountain.

The family explained that they were just standing there, looking. Then, they moved in closer to get a better look. The husband noticed some sort of movement in front of the burning item, like shadows passing back and forth, but they couldn’t tell if they were humanoid or not. They also said that in the dazzling circle that formed around the large item, the shadows were doing something. They had been there from approximately 10 a.m. on Sunday until about 3 a.m. on Monday.

Mrs. Karadratu has claimed that they only felt safe approaching the crash site after the sun had risen. When they began investigating, they discovered charred dirt and a few burned pine trees. One of the trees also had its bottom trunk burnt. Mr. Karadratu’s skin burned up within seconds of touching the tree. They both noticed two little holes in the ground where the impact looked to have occurred. The Karadratus came upon a strange small spherical object with what seemed to have two antennas close or in the holes. The object also had a lightning bolt symbol on it.

The Karadratus spotted creatures from a distance but couldn’t tell whether they were humans or not because they had been around a kilometer away and the dazzling lights and fire made it nearly impossible to detect certain anatomical traits. They were aware, however, that these entities or shadows began moving quickly around the wrecked vessel.

Police and scientists’ look into it

The Fthiotida Police Department had arrived quickly. Strange lights and a possible accident near Prophet Elias’ church have been noticed across the hamlet. They could only see traces of a bush fire during their initial assessment of the location. When the cops met the Karadratus, that had been on the site since earlier that day, they were handed the circular item they had discovered.

Mr. Panetsos, the director of the police department, discovered no evidence of a downed aircraft except the burnt soil and the object supplied to them by the Karadratus. He recruited the assistance of Mr. Zisimopoulos, the deputy prosecutor, who demanded a thorough study of the alleged accident scene. Various additional metals were found there, none of which were larger than 12 cm. The materials were sent to the Tanagra Air Force Base, which is around 90 kilometers south of the accident site.

Tanagra AFB determined that the artifacts weren’t something unseen before and were most likely bits from an outdated fighter plane. The Air Force Research and Technology Center (KETA-ETHM) examined the location, however, and came to a different conclusion. On October 19th, 1990, the incident report said:

They have confirmed that the UFO had scorched the grass and plants within a 200-meter radius. The following items had been found in the debris: Fragments of an 11cm diameter copper female plug with Arabic numbers in the center. A set of copper multipin cables is attached to the previously described plug. These cables’ insulation was constructed of silk, such as fabric and Teflon. A circular burned rubber cover. A ring made of steel. Each steel bar was 10cm long. Two regulators with the Greek letter F at their bases were located at the bottom. Given the alphabetical and numerical clues, the debris discovered was of terrestrial origin. It was archaic technology, perhaps remnants of an earlier satellite. The measurements, construction, and wiring, all contributed to this realization. The origin of the satellite was probably from the Soviet Union or Europe, as the metric system in centimeters and meters is only used in these portions of the world. The letter F is most likely from the Soviet Union because they used and still are using this Greek letter in its Cyrillic alphabet and possess the technology for such a gadget.

An investigation gone wrong

Many Greek Ufologists dismissed the theories of a fallen satellite or metal fragments from an outdated jet fighter plane. One of them was Socrates Ekaterinidis. He wrote for various newspapers and spoke out about the tragedy on Greek radio. He said that KETA-allegation ETHM’s of a fallen satellite lacked substantiation because no wreckage or even a modest impact crater had been discovered. He further claimed that the Air Force Base had overlooked the fact that one of the items had an unusual lightning bolt symbol. Why they had missed this discovery fueled his assumptions of a military cover-up or poor inquiry work. Mr. Ekaterinidis maintains that the police did not detect any inscription on the metal objects, including the Greek letter F.

To add to the confusion, the director of the Astronomical Institute of the National Observatory of Athens issued a statement suggesting that this was a meteor crash. Mr. Makris never visited the spot or looked into any eyewitnesses or police records. Nonetheless, he issued the following statement:

He had stated that the whole thing does not have an extraterrestrial origin. During that period (September 1990), the Earth’s orbit comes close to a flock of meteors known as Persians. Because of their fast speed, these meteorites produce significant friction and burn when they approach the Earth’s atmosphere at a height of around one hundred kilometers. As a result, the entire planet witnessed flashes. When it comes to meteors, they might be man-made satellites. As more satellite fragments are destroyed, they burn in the atmosphere. The phenomenon might potentially be caused by aberrant refractions or reflections of earthly lights in the atmosphere. Even the lights from a fleet of automobiles may produce such a beautiful scene. He also added that any other theories are nothing else but nonsense and a result of imagination or mass hysteria.

When many UFO investigators questioned the Atalanti police, they said that no investigative body ever took the testimonies of dozens of people who observed the unusual UFO lights and the crash near the village of Megaplatanos. According to what is known, just a few photographs obtained by the authorities and the Karadratu family have been shown to the general public.

Greece’s Roswell

In contrast to the 1947 occurrence in Roswell, New Mexico, the alleged UFO crash in Greece received practically zero public notice. This complicates the research since none of the initial UFO investigators shared their results with the rest of the globe. Greece has failed to completely embrace the modern era, despite its ancient magnificence and rich cultural and historical achievements.

These parts of Greece have shown a refusal to keep up with current times which can be both positive and detrimental. So, it’s understandable that knowledge concerning the alleged UFO encounters and crashes in 1990 may have been deeply buried and forgotten over years. The majority of folks have no idea that the Megaplatanos crash happened. This is because the sole knowledge regarding the occurrence comes from some of the locals who still live in Megaplatanos, that remember that event when the Greek sky was lighted by weird lights.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

We’ve Now Seen Planet-Forming Disks Around Hundreds of Young Stars. What Do They Tell Us?

Is our Solar System comparable to other solar systems? What do other systems look like? We know from exoplanet studies that many other systems have hot Jupiters, massive gas giants that orbit extremely close to their stars. Is that normal, and our Solar System is the outlier?

One way of addressing these questions is to study the planet-forming disks around young stars to see how they evolve. But studying a large sample of these systems is the only way to get an answer. So that’s what a group of astronomers did when they surveyed 873 protoplanetary disks.

Mass is the critical piece in a new study into planet-forming disks. The disk’s mass determines how much matter is available to form planets. By measuring the disks’ mass around young stars, astronomers can constrain the total mass of planets that might form there and get one step closer to understanding solar system architecture.

The new study is “Survey of Orion Disks with ALMA (SODA): I. Cloud-level demographics of 873 protoplanetary disks.” It’s published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, and the lead author is Sierk van Terwisga, a scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany.

“Up to now, we didn’t know for sure which properties dominate the evolution of planet-forming disks around young stars,” van Terwisga said in a press release. “Our new results now indicate that in environments without any relevant external influence, the observed disk mass available for forming new planets only depends on the age of the star-disk system.”

The dust mass not only tells astronomers the mass of planets that might form from a disk. Depending on the disk’s age, it could also tell astronomers what planets have already formed.

But other factors affect disk mass too, and those factors vary from disk to disk. Things like stellar wind and irradiation from nearby stars outside the disk can also affect mass. So how were the researchers able to isolate those effects in such a large sample?

They focused on a well-known region of protoplanetary disks called the Orion A cloud, which is part of the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex (OMCC). The OMCC is about 1350 light-years away and home to the well-studied Orion Nebula, a feature even backyard astronomers can see.

Álvaro Hacar is a co-author of the study and a scientist at the University of Vienna, Austria. “Orion A provided us with an unprecedented large sample size of more than 870 disks around young stars,” Hacar said. “It was crucial to be able to look for small variations in the disk mass depending on age and even on the local environments inside the cloud.”

This is a good sample because all disks belong to the same cloud. That means their chemistry is uniform, and they all have the same history. The nearby Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC) hosts some massive stars that could affect other disks, so the team rejected any disks in Orion A closer than 13 light-years to the ONC.

Measuring the mass of all these disks was tricky. The team used the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe the dust. ALMA can be tuned to different wavelengths, so the team observed the young disks at a 1.2 mm wavelength. At that wavelength, the dust is bright, but the star is dim, which helps eliminate the effect of the star in each disk. Since observing at 1.2 mm makes the observations insensitive to objects larger than a few mm—for example, planets that have already formed—the team’s measurements measured only dust available to form new planets.

Measuring dust without interference from stars was one hurdle, but the researchers faced another one: data.

A detailed survey of almost 900 protoplanetary disks creates a lot of data, and all that data has to be processed before it has any collective meaning. If the team had relied on existing methods, it would have taken about six months to process all that data. Instead, they developed their own method to handle the data using parallel processing. What would’ve taken months took less than one day. “Our new approach improved the processing speed by a factor of 900,” co-author Raymond Oonk said.

When they processed the data, the researchers found that most of the disks held only 2.2 Earth masses of dust. Only 20 of the almost 900 disks held enough dust for 100 or more Earths. “In order to look for variations, we have dissected the Orion A cloud and analyzed these regions separately. Thanks to the hundreds of disks, the sub-samples were still sufficiently large to yield statistically meaningful results,” van Terwisga explained.

The researchers found some variability in disk dust mass in different regions of Orion A, but the variations were minimal. The age effect can account for the variations, according to the authors. As disks age, the disk mass declines, and clusters of disks the same age have the same mass distribution. “We must stress that the differences between these clusters, which are located far from each other on the sky, are small and not highly significant relative to each other and to the field, even in the most extreme cases,” the authors write in their paper.

 { https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Astronomers Finally Catch a Nova Detonating on a White Dwarf as it's Happening

On July 7, 2020, the X-ray instrument eROSITA captured an astronomical event that – until then – had only been theorized and never seen. It saw the detonation of a nova on a white dwarf star, which produced a so-called fireball explosion of X-rays.

“It was to some extent a fortunate coincidence, really,” said Ole König from Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), who led the team of scientists who have published a new paper on the discovery. “These X-ray flashes last only a few hours and are almost impossible to predict, but the observational instrument must be pointed directly at the explosion at exactly the right time.”

A white dwarf is a small, very dense star that forms when a low-mass star uses up all its fuel. Typically, white dwarfs are the size of a planet. Sometimes these dead stars flare back to life in a super-hot explosion and produce a fireball of X-ray radiation, and then it gradually returns to its original brightness. As opposed to a supernova, which is an explosion of a star where most of the material is ejected from the star, a nova does not eject much mass of the star and can occur several times in the life of a white dwarf.

“These so-called novae do happen all the time but detecting them during the very first moments when most of the X-ray emission is produced is really hard,” said Dr. Victor Doroshenko from Tübingen University, also part of the research team. “Not only the short duration of a flash is a challenge, but also the fact that the spectrum of emitted X-rays is very soft.  Soft X-rays are not very energetic and easily absorbed by interstellar medium, so we cannot see very far in this band, which limits the number of observable objects, be it a nova or ordinary star. Telescopes are normally designed to be most effective in harder X-rays where absorption is less important, and that’s exactly the reason why they would miss an event like this!” 

eROSITA is the primary instrument on-board the Russian-German Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) mission, which – like the James Webb Space Telescope – is in a halo orbit around the second Lagrange point. It has been in space since 2019 is conducting the first all-sky survey in the medium energy X-ray range (up to 10 keV).

The existence of a ‘fireball’ phase immediately after the runaway fusion nova event has been theorized for 30 years. Scientists predicted it should be observable as a short, bright and soft X-ray flash before the nova becomes visible in the optical range. The trick to seeing it, as König said, is to have your telescope pointed at the right place at the right time.

In their paper, published in Nature, the team said that no X-ray source was detected 4?hours on either side of when the visible flash was detected, which constrains the duration of the flash to shorter than 8?hours.

The nova happened on YZ Reticuli, also known as Nova Reticuli 2020, which was a naked eye nova in the constellation Reticulum discovered on July 15, 2020. Previously it was known as a VY Sculptoris type object with the designation MGAB-V207. Nova Reticuli 2020 was spotted by veteran comet hunter Robert McNaught from Coonabarabran, Australia. It was visible in the southern hemisphere for several days, and just barely visible to the naked eye.  

“The physical origin of X-ray emission coming from white dwarf atmospheres is relatively well understood, and we can model their spectra from first principles and in exquisite detail,” said Dr. Valery Suleimanov, also from Tübingen University. “Comparison of models with observations allows then to learn basic properties of these objects such as weight, size, or chemical composition.”

“The problem in this particular case,” added Doroshenko, “was, however, that, after 30 years with no photons we suddenly had too many, which distorted the spectral response of eROSITA, which was designed to detect millions of very faint objects rather than one but very bright.”

Since these novae run out of fuel very quickly, they cool rapidly and the X-ray radiation be-comes weaker until it eventually becomes visible light. Since these novae are only visible after the X-ray flash, it is very difficult to predict such outbreaks and it is mainly down to chance when they hit the X-ray detectors. The visible light reached Earth 12 hours after the eROSITA detection, when it was first observed by McNaught.

“A seemingly bright star then appeared, which was actually the visible light from the explosion, and so bright that it could be seen on the night sky by the bare eye,” said König. “We were really lucky.”

Sources:

• Paper in Nature
• Press release from Tübingen University

The post Astronomers Finally Catch a Nova Detonating on a White Dwarf as it’s Happening appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155881/astronomers-finally-catch-a-nova-detonating-on-a-white-dwarf-as-its-happening/

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This is it! Meet the Supermassive Black Hole at the Heart of the Milky Way

On April 10^th, 2019, the international consortium known as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) announced the first-ever image of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). The image showed the bright disk surrounding the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy (aka. Virgo A). In 2021, they followed up on this by acquiring an image of the core region of the Centaurus A galaxy and the radio jet emanating from it. Earlier this month, the European Southern Observatory (ESO) announced that the EHT would be sharing the results from its latest campaign – observations of Sagittarius A*!

This supermassive black hole resides at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, roughly 27,000 light-years from Earth, 44 million km (27.34 million mi) in diameter, and has a mass of 4.31 million Suns. The campaign’s results were shared in an ESO press release and a series of live-streamed press conferences worldwide, including the ESO Headquarters in Munich, Germany. The team’s results (which were shared in six papers) were also published today in a special issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Since the 1970s, astronomers have speculated about the existence of SMBHs, which were believed to be why massive galaxies had such energetic core regions. Also known as Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), or “quasars,” these regions are known to temporarily outshine all of the stars contained in their disks. In some cases, jets of superheated material (relativistic jets) have also been found emanating from them at a fraction of the speed of light.

The study of SMBHs has led to new theories about how galaxies formed and evolved in our Universe and has allowed astronomers to test the laws of physics under the most extreme conditions (i.e., Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity). Until 2019 the study of these massive black holes was confined to observing their effect on the surrounding environment. In particular, astronomers have noted how the gravitational forces of SMBHs cause gas and dust to fall in around their outer edges (the Event Horizon).

This matter is then accelerated to relativistic speed and slowly be accreted onto the faces of the black hole, releasing the tremendous amounts of energy that allow AGNs to outshine their galactic disks. However, visualizing these massive objects in telescopes is extremely difficult because they are nestled within the tightly packed group of stars at the galaxy’s center (aka. the “galactic bulge”), which produces a tremendous amount of light interference.

But thanks to a technique known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), where telescopes worldwide combine light to achieve high-resolution imaging, astronomers at the EHT Collaboration created a virtual telescope with an aperture equivalent in size to the Earth. When concentrated on an object that is difficult to resolve, this telescope can gather light over time and reconstruct an image of what it looks like (similar to a long exposure time with a camera).

This allowed the EHT team to image the bright Event Horizon around the M87 supermassive black hole (M87*) for the first time and has led to new insights on several other SMBHs. For example, the EHT also observed Sgr A* on multiple nights in 2017 and collected data for several hours straight. The latest image shows the Event Horizon of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A* for short) and is the first definitive evidence of this SMBHs existence.

Geoffrey Bower, an EHT Project Scientist from the Academia Sinica’s Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, spoke of the results in an ESO press release. “We were stunned by how well the size of the ring agreed with predictions from Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity,” he said. “These unprecedented observations have greatly improved our understanding of what happens at the very center of our galaxy and offer new insights on how these giant black holes interact with their surroundings.”

As noted, the EHT Collaboration is an international effort that includes facilities worldwide, which includes the ESO’s Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) in northern Chile. ESO Director General Xavier Barcons was also part of the press conference and expressed his support for the Collaboration and its latest results.

“It is very exciting for ESO to have been playing such an important role in unraveling the mysteries of black holes, and of Sgr A* in particular, over so many years,” he said. “ESO not only contributed to the EHT observations through the ALMA and APEX facilities but also enabled, with its other observatories in Chile, some of the previous breakthrough observations of the Galactic center.”

While the image of Sagittarius A* looks remarkably similar to M87*, there are some significant differences between the two. For one, our galaxy’s SMBH is more than a thousand times smaller and less massive than M87* – about 6.5 billion times as massive as our Sun. However, the edges of both black holes look very similar, which the team concludes is the result of General Relativity governing these objects up close. At the same time, differences seen further away are due to differences in the material surrounding them.

Furthermore, imaging Sgr A* was far more difficult than imaging M87*, despite being much closer to Earth. As EHT scientist Chi-kwan Chan, from the Steward Observatory and the University of Arizona Data Science Institute (UoA DSI), explained:

“The gas in the vicinity of the black holes moves at the same speed – nearly as fast as light – around both Sgr A* and M87*. But where gas takes days to weeks to orbit the larger M87*, in the much smaller Sgr A* it completes an orbit in mere minutes. This means the brightness and pattern of the gas around Sgr A* were changing rapidly as the EHT Collaboration was observing it – a bit like trying to take a clear picture of a puppy quickly chasing its tail.” 

In short, M87* was a steadier target than Sgr A*, where nearly all of the images acquired looked the same because its rapid velocity created the appearance of uniformity. In contrast, the images of Sgr A* the team extracted were markedly different, owing to the slower velocity of matter in the accretion disk. The EHT researchers had to develop new tools to account for this and provide an average of all the different images.

To achieve this, the team worked rigorously for five years, using supercomputers to combine and analyze their data and creating an unprecedented library of simulated black holes to compare with the observations. Because of this,s scientists will now have images of two black holes with very different sizes and offers, which offers opportunities to test the laws of physics under different domains. Scientists have already begun to use the data to test theories and models of how gas behaves around SMBHs.

While this process is not yet well-understood, it is thought to play a key role in the formation and evolution of galaxies. Said EHT scientist Keiichi Asada from the Academia Sinica’s Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics in Taipei:

“Now we can study the differences between these two supermassive black holes to gain valuable new clues about how this important process works. We have images for two black holes – one at the large end and one at the small end of supermassive black holes in the Universe – so we can go a lot further in testing how gravity behaves in these extreme environments than ever before.”  

The results of the EHT Collaboration’s observation campaign (contained in six studies) were also shared in a special issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Whereas the first paper presents a summary of their overall findings, papers II, III, and IV demonstrate how the lower mass and shorter dynamical scale of Sgr A* led to complexity with the imaging and data analysis. In Paper V, researchers combine the EHT results with extensive multi-wavelength constraints to explore the accretion and outflow physics of Sgr A*.

In Paper VI, researchers present infrared measurements of stellar orbits around Sgr A* to constrain the mass, distance, and ring diameter of Sgr A* to approximately 1% accuracy, enabling precision explorations of gravitational physics. Additional papers not performed by the EHT collaboration are also provided that address the possibility of dynamical VLBI imaging, a new analysis of the data obtained by the 2017 campaign, evaluating simulated images of black holes, and black-hole image reconstruction.

These results were made possible thanks to the over 300 scientists and 80 institutions worldwide that make up the EHT Collaboration. These include the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) on the summit of Manua Kea, Hawaii; the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) in California; the Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO), and the ARO Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) in Arizona; and the Gran Telescopio Milimétrico Alfonso Serrano in Mexico.

Beyond North America, there’s also the NSF’s South Pole Telescope (SPT) at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica, and the Institute Radioastronomie Millimetrique‘s (IRAM) 30-meter telescope and NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) radio telescopes in Spain and France. Additional support is provided by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Germany, which relies on its supercomputer to combine EHT data from multiple observatories.

• Further Reading: ESO

The post This is it! Meet the Supermassive Black Hole at the Heart of the Milky Way appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155874/this-is-it-meet-the-supermassive-black-hole-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

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US Drone X-47B Held By China Military! Google Earth Map! Video, UFO Sighting News.

Hit subscribe please. 30°37'21.39"N 103°32'57.35"E

Date of discovery: May 11, 2022

Location of discovery: China

 

Guys I found this on Google map the other day and made this video about it. I found two different aircraft there and I also found five military trucks which carry ballistic nuclear missiles. This is so small of an area that I would say it covered less than half a mile. Still the drone they have is very similar to the US Navy X-47B. Also there is a J-20 military jet there. No UFO or alien involved, but I really thought this was something strange. 

 

Please forgive the video, my mic broke the day before, so I am waiting on a new one tomorrow. 

Thanks, 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter011

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The photographs analyzed here was taken by Mast Camera (Mastcam) onboard NASA's Mars rover Curiosity on Sol 3466 (2022-05-07 07:58:16 UTC) and Mast Camera (Mastcam) onboard NASA's Mars rover Curiosity on Sol 3466 (2022-05-07 07:59:02 UTC). 

The anomalies featured here look like typical entranceways cut into a rockface or slope you would find here on Earth, e.g. in Egypt. 

In the one it looks like there is a ramp leading up to and into the entranceway, there seems to be a perfect straight edge frame and possibly cracked plaster on the inside wall. 

I speculate the first anomaly to be a couple of meters tall. There also seems to be an object to the bottom right of the opening which may have covered the opening. 

In the second anomaly we see similar right angles and straight edges (One side seems to reveal a wall or slab of uniform thickness as well as a peculiar dark like running diagonally across the opening).

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Deep Intel from the Pentagon’s New UFO Report

In this episode, Ward discusses details from the latest UFO report from DIA.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

The 100 year UFO ET Cover Up – Timeline of events, people and organizations

Dan Willis served with the US Navy where he first encountered evidence of a UFO/ET coverup in 1969. He was among a select group of 20 insiders/whistleblowers who came forward to share their testimony about the coverup in the famous May 2001 Disclosure Project press conference held in Washington DC. 

In this interview, Dan covers his background, participation in the Disclosure Project, and his timeline of the UFO extraterrestrial cover up dating back to 1922. Key events discussed include Maria Orsic, the Third Reich’s flying saucer program, Temporal War, Antarctica, Operation Highjump, President Eisenhower’s meetings and agreements, and how these relate to current events.

Source: https://exopolitics.org/​

{ https://helenastales.weebly.com/ }

Russian cosmonaut: “Aliens exist, it’s no secret”

Zack White

Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko is sure that aliens exist, which is confirmed by the stories of his colleagues who saw UFOs

Although he did not encounter alien creatures, the Russian astronaut admitted that “it’s no secret that they exist.” Kornienko said on a television program:

“I didn’t see aliens, but I’m sure they exist. I was just unlucky.”

Kornienko said: “If the universe is infinite, then it would be presumptuous to suspect or think that we are the only ones. In addition, there is such a science as ufology. This has been confirmed by both our American colleagues and ours.”

At the same time, Mikhail Kornienko unknowingly revealed a little-known fact about the existence of a special USSR program called «Grid», which studied UFOs.

Most citizens were unaware of it due to its “top secret” status.

The secret program became known due to the fact that the topic of investigation of anomalous phenomena was considered from the point of view of its influence on the army and the work of military equipment.

The impetus for the creation of a special program for the study of UFOs was the so-called “Petrozavodsk Phenomenon” in September 1977, when a huge jellyfish-like object was seen in the sky over Petrozavodsk in Russia.

«The ‘Grid’ program was financed with state money. However, its members weren’t the most communicative people, so all we know is a vague description of ‘Grid’ activities.”

The slightest mention of UFOs or aliens in the media was criticized by the KGB, which is why the authors of the studies could not publish their scientific developments.

Then the program changed its name to “Galaxy MO”, and later received another “Horizon MO”, but the tasks remained the same – the study of UFOs.

Unfortunately, all of the Grid materials sold for several thousand US dollars.

The buyer was the CIA, which received materials on 400 of the most mysterious cases of military collisions of Soviet aircraft with UFOs.

But, as Kornienko explained, some information about the work of scientists in the framework of the «Grid» program was still leaked to the press.

“They, as a rule, did not publicize their research. And I know them because a lot of the information has been leaked to the media. It’s not a big secret that this show was real. They found something, systematized and summarized something.

 

{ https://mysteriousociety.com/ }

Martian Dust is Starting to Darken Ingenuity’s Solar Panels

Like every solar-panel-powered vehicle on Mars, maintaining electrical power always becomes an issue at some point in the mission. Last week, mission controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory lost contact with the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter. While they were able to re-establish communications, which is done through the Perseverance rover, engineers know that keeping Ingenuity’s batteries charged is going to be increasingly difficult as the dark winter is on the way to Jezero Crater.

The engineering team had to do some trouble-shooting to figure out the issue, but they reported that the communications dropout on May 3, Sol 427 of the Perseverance rover’s mission at Mars, “was a result of the solar-powered helicopter entering a low-power state, potentially due to the seasonal increase in the amount of dust in the Martian atmosphere and lower temperatures as winter approaches.”

The amount of dust on the solar panels diminishes the amount of sunlight hitting the solar array, reducing Ingenuity’s ability to recharge its six lithium-ion batteries. When the battery pack’s state of charge dropped below a lower limit, the helicopter’s field-programmable gate array (FPGA) – basically the operating computer — was powered down.

Even though Ingenuity flies through the air – and one would anticipate the dust would fly off the helicopter — dust on Mars is different from dust on Earth. Martian dust is electrostatically charged, so it clings to the solar panel’s glass. While many have said every solar powered vehicle on Mars should have a little whisk broom on its robotic arm or something like wiper blades to brush off the dust, engineers have said that would be difficult. The dust is also very gritty, and by trying to wipe it off, the solar panels could get scratched, damaging the panels and making the power problem even worse.

“We have always known that Martian winter and dust storm season would present new challenges for Ingenuity, specifically colder sols, an increase in atmospheric dust, and more frequent dust storms,” said Ingenuity Team Lead Teddy Tzanetos, in a press release. “Every flight and every mile of distance flown beyond our original 30-sol mission has pushed the spacecraft to its limits each and every sol on Mars.”

Ingenuity – the little 1.8 kg (4 pound) helicopter that has flown her way into our spacey hearts — became the first powered aircraft to operate on another world, making its first flight on April 19, 2021. The original mission plan was to make five experimental test flights over a span of 30 Martian days (sols). But Ingenuity has flown 28 times, covering 6.9 kilometers (4.2 miles).  

With less sunlight, the batteries did not charge sufficiently and the FPGA lost power during the cold of night. The FPGA manages Ingenuity’s operational state, switching the other avionics elements on and off as needed to maximize power conservation. It also operates the heaters that enable the helicopter to survive frigid Martian nights, maintains precise spacecraft time, and controls when the helicopter is scheduled to wake up for communications sessions with Perseverance.

Ingenuity’s heaters are key to keeping electronics and other components within operational temperatures. As the FPGA turned off, its internal clock reset. JPL said that when the Sun rose the next morning and the solar array began to charge the batteries, the helicopter’s clock was no longer in sync with the clock aboard the rover. Essentially, when Ingenuity thought it was time to contact Perseverance, the rover’s base station wasn’t listening.

As Eric Berger from Ars Technica points out, while Ingenuity was initially viewed as an add-on demonstration mission, it has grown into much than that, and has become a scout for Perseverance, checking out the path ahead.

But when the team lost contact with the helicopter, the decision was made to halt all of Perseverance’s ongoing science activities for a full day to just sit there and listen intently for Ingenuity’s call. Former rover driver Scott Maxwell tweeted out how endearing and heartfelt that feels:

And now, with ‘ingenuity’ of the helicopter and rover teams, they have come up with a plan to keep Ingenuity warm and operating.

They will try to help the helicopter’s battery accumulate enough of a charge during the next few sols so that it could support all necessary spacecraft systems during the cold Martian night. They uplinked new commands to Ingenuity which lowers the point at which the helicopter energizes its heaters from when the battery falls below 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius) to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 40 degrees Celsius).  The helicopter then shuts down quickly, rather than consuming the battery charge with the heaters. The team hopes this strategy will allow the battery to retain whatever charge it collected during the day. The Ingenuity engineers hope that after several days of the helicopter’s array soaking in the limited sunlight, the battery will have reached a point where the spacecraft can return to normal operations.

But there are some unknowns if this will work. Ingenuity has several off-the-shelf parts that weren’t designed for the cold of Martian winter.

“Our top priority is to maintain communications with Ingenuity in the next few sols, but even then, we know that there will be significant challenges ahead,” said Tzanetos. “I could not be prouder of our team’s performance over the last year, let alone our aircraft’s incredible achievements on Mars. We are hopeful that we can accumulate battery charge in order to return to nominal operations and continue our mission into the weeks ahead.”

The post Martian Dust is Starting to Darken Ingenuity’s Solar Panels appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155864/martian-dust-is-starting-to-darken-ingenuitys-solar-panel/

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{ https://www.hln.be/ }

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

Ancient Tomb Entrance On Mars, Link To Egypt? Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: May 10, 2022

Location of discovery: Mars

NASA 1: 

• https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1064629/?site=msl

NASA 2: 

• https://mars.nasa.gov/raw_images/1064628/?site=msl

Hey, as you already know, I like checking the Mars rover photos on a daily basis and something strange caught my eye. A doorway!

 

Mars has so much proof of ancient alien life on it. Look at these recent photos taken by the rover this week. Two photos show a doorway into the hillside. The entrance looks very similar to the ancient Egyptian entrances in Vally of the Kings in Egypt. This doorway is about two X the size of the people I have reported finding on Mars over the last decade...which vary from 8 inches to 12 inches tall. With so much concrete evidence (no pun intended) I don't know how archeologists could deny such things. I mean, archeologists became what they are for the passion they have at cracking the mystery of life at different stages. Mars...is proof of life so early it goes beyond anything the Earth has to offer. 100% proof that ancient intelligent species once lived and thrived on Mars. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

On the evening of May 7, 2022 a rare red sky appeared in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province. The local meteorological bureau of Zhoushan said that the red glow was simply the result of light, likely from fishing boats, reflecting of off low level clouds. 

A blogger said that in 1770, there was a bloody sky for nine days in many countries. In 2017, Japanese scientists published a paper in Astrophysics express, believing that the bloody sky event in 1770 was caused by large-scale solar activity. 

If it was the case of lights of fisher boats reflecting off low level clouds, then that should happen much more often and people would know and recognize it, but that is not the case here. 

I think the red glow is more something like the 1770 event or it could be a test of some sort of (space) weapon. 

An odd detail is that magnetic elements fell from the sky after the red glow which can be seen in the following video; it is clear that they cover it up for some reason.

     

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Tic-Tac / Walnut like UFO Hovering Over South Beach, Miami | 10 May 2022

Here’s one interesting footage of a bright UFO hovering above South Beach in Miami, Florida on 10th May 2022.

What do you think about it?

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Black Circular UFO Passing The Moon Spotted By Amateur Astronomer In Colombia. May 8, 2022

This object was spotted durning one of Ruben Ariza livestreams from his home in Armenia in Quindío, Colombia on May 8, 2022. In the footage we can see this UFO fly into view leaving Ruben in absolute joy at this sighting. As the craft passes the moon it seems to be casting a shadow on the moon's surface.

Thanks to Ruben Ariza for his diligent work and sharing his work with the world..

• https://www.facebook.com/ruben.ariza.144

To view the original footage: Start at 3:50 mark of this livestream:

• https://www.facebook.com/ruben.ariza....

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Mars' Carbon Dioxide Glaciers are on the Move

In 1666, famed Italian astronomer and mathematician Giovanni Cassini (the man who discovered four of Saturn’s largest moons) observed the Martian polar ice caps for the first time. However, it was not until the late-18th century, when Sir William Herschel recorded his own observations, that the connection to Earth’s own ice caps was established. In his subsequent treatise, “On the remarkable appearances at the polar regions on the planet Mars” (1784), noted how the southern cap grew and shrunk due to seasonal changes.

With the development of modern telescopes and robotic explorers, scientists have learned a great deal more about these polar deposits. In 2011, they learned that unlike the northermost ice sheet, the southern cap is largely composed of frozen carbon dioxide (aka. “dry ice”). According to new research led by the Planetary Science Institute (PSI), glaciers of carbon dioxide ice have been moving and carving features in the southern polar region for more than 600,000 years – and are on the move right now!

The research team was led by Isaac Smith, a former PSI research scientist and an assistant professor of Earth and Space Science at York University in Toronto (where he also holds a Canada Research Chair in Planetary Science). He was joined by geologists, glaciologists, and engineers from the PSI, York University, the Institute of Low-Temperature Science and Arctic Research Center at Hokkaido University in Japan, and the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).

The presence of carbon dioxide glaciers in Mars’ southern polar region was first confirmed in 2011 by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Along with data obtained by the ESA’s Mars Express, scientists noted that they were flowing like glaciers of water ice do here on Earth, based on the surface features they carved in their wake. As Smith described in a recent PSI press release:

“Approximately 600,000 years ago, CO₂ ice started forming at the Martian south pole. Due to climate cycles, the ice has increased in volume and mass several times, interrupted by periods of mass loss through sublimation. If the ice had never flowed, then it would mostly be where it was originally deposited, and the thickest ice would only be about 45 meters thick. Instead, because it flowed downhill into basins and spiral troughs – curvilinear basins – where it ponded, it was able to form deposits reaching one kilometer thick.”

These observations also showed that the portion of the ice cap composed of water ice appears to be stationary, remaining at high altitudes. In previous research, which Smith helped contribute to while still with the PSI, scientists investigated the strength properties (aka. flow laws) of the carbon dioxide glaciers to determine why this was happening. Their results indicated that under the types of conditions that exist around the southern polar region, carbon dioxide ice flows were almost 100 times faster than water ice glaciers.

For this, they concluded that the CO2 ice behaves like glaciers here on Earth, which makes the slow-moving water ice cap appear stationary. “The glaciers have enough mass that if sublimated, they would double the atmospheric pressure of the planet,” Smith added, citing a 2018 paper by Than Putzig, a PSI Senior Scientist and co-author on this paper. “The longest glacier is about 200 kilometers long and about 40 kilometers across. These are big!”

For this study, Smith and his colleagues relied on the NASA Ice Sheet and Sea-Level System Model (ISSM) to model the glacier’s movements. When adapted for conditions on the surface of Mars and with CO2, they found that typical methods were not moving the carbon dioxide glaciers. They found that while the activity is ongoing, the flow rates peaked about 400,000 years ago when the deposition was at its greatest. Since their ice is currently decreasing in mass, said Smith, the flow rate of the glaciers is currently in a “slow period”:

“Atmospheric deposition would put the ice in a pattern we don’t see. It would be much more evenly spread and thinner. What the glacier interpretation provides is a mechanism to move the ice from high places, into the lower basins that are also at lower [latitudes].

“If atmospheric deposition were the only process acting on the ice, then most of it would be found at the highest latitude and highest elevation. That’s just not the case. The ice is flowing downhill into basins, much like water flows downhill into lakes. Only glacial flow can explain the distribution we found in 2018.” 

This work is bolstered by additional research performed by Smith and his team, which identified several surface features that are very good analogs for features seen on terrestrial glaciers. These include topographic profiles, crevasses, and compression ridges, which provided a basis to compare with their adapted-ISSM models. These findings could also inform future planetary surveys and point towards more “Earth-like” glacier activity.

To date, Earth, Mars, and Pluto are the only bodies in the Solar System known to have actively flowing ice, ranging from water ice and CO₂ to frozen nitrogen. But there are many other icy bodies in the Solar System, including the larger satellites that orbit Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, and the growing number of smaller planets discovered in the Kuiper Belt. Many of these same bodies experience regular exchanges between their interiors and surfaces (endogenic resurfacing, cryovolcanism, etc.).

Many of these bodies will likely have glaciers of their own composed of substances like carbon monoxide, ammonia, and methane, which could behave in even more exotic ways! In the coming years, scientists will be able to test these theories thanks to missions like the Europa Clipper and the Enceladus Orbiter, which will explore two major satellites that have interior oceans and may even support life. The dynamics of their icy surfaces could provide additional evidence of how these moons formed and evolved.

The paper that describes their findings recently appeared in the journal JGR Planets, a publication overseen by the American Geological Union (AGU).

• Further Reading: PSI

The post Mars’ Carbon Dioxide Glaciers are on the Move appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155766/mars-carbon-dioxide-glaciers-are-on-the-move/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Zetas Suggest Blood Red Sky In China And Saskatchewan Canada Is Result Of Nibiru's Approach!!

Zetas Suggest Blood Red Sky In China And Saskatchewan Canada Is Result Of Nibiru’s Approach!!

Blood red sky blankets city near Shanghai sparking Armageddon fear. Surely Nibiru related. [and from another] https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/blood-red-sky-near-shanghai-26906122 [and from another] Hello Nancy and the Zetas. What will be the comments on this? In the Chinese urban district of Zhoushan, it seems that the apocalypse has begun. [and from another] The sky turned blood red, and so far no one can name the cause of this phenomenon. [and from another] Saskatchewan, Canada: Yorkton sky this evening (Sunday) 5/8/2022, it was so red it looked like it was on fire, and 15 mins later it was gone. Never seen it so bright. Laurie Steele shared image. [and from another] https://t.me/ZetaTalk_Followers/13686

Red skies were noted after Nibiru arrived in the inner Solar System in 2003. These were either ignored by the establishment or claimed to be pollution, even when rust red fell on the white snow of Siberia and blood colored water in bird baths tested positive for iron oxide. Nibiru and its wafting tail are drawing closer to the Earth, and of course this will result in more intense blood red skies. The public knows this is an End Times sign, thus constant denial by the establishment will only enrage the public. Thus the establishment will just fall silent.

• https://zetatalk.com/ning/31ma2022.htm

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Mysterious Red Sky Over Zhoushan, China May 7, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 7, 2022

Location of sighting: Zhoushan, China

China gov says its caused by fishing boats, but thats a lie, otherwise we would see red skies 365 days a years. There is a mass lockdown in that area for the last few weeks, possible cure in rocket spread to the masses? But my theory is its sun ejection, since magnetic dust has been found on cars in the area. One photo does show a glowing object in the sky over the city, so a UFO can't be ruled out. The object has a glow of its own. It may even be a meteorite that exploded higher up in the atmosphere, spreading its magnetic reflective metallic dust across the sky. Dust that was seen on cars and said to be magnetic. Most meteorites are magnetic to some degree. 

 

Strangely enough, I have a friend from Taiwan in shanghai right now.  She said the entire city is under covid lock down and its hard to get any fresh food. The food they get is old and moldy. Maybe China is using a rocket explosion full of some experimental covid cure to hit the entire area? Just a thought...so many possibilities, we must consider them all. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

  

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

George Knapp – Secret of Skinwalker Ranch… Latest Update – COAST TO COAST AM 2022

COAST TO COAST AM – April 2022. George Knapp welcomed Brandon Fugal, owner of Utah’s Skinwalker Ranch, along with members of his team from the Secret of Skinwalker Ranch television show: Thomas Winterton, Eric Bard, Kaleb Bench, and Dr. Christopher Lee. Calling the group’s appearance “historic,” Fugal said “I don’t think anyone would have imagined in years past a broadcast live from the most scientifically studied paranormal hotspot.” As researchers and experiencers of the paranormal, Fugal went on, none of the team ever expected to be on a TV show, so the recent media focus on their work is new for all of them. Fugal explained that one of the conditions agreed to by its network is that nothing about the show is ever to be scripted, planned, or contrived.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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White Objects Over Los Angeles, California May 5, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Email all reports to scwaring@yahoo.com Plz share and subscribe, thanks. 

Date of sighting: May 5, 2022
Location of sighting: Los Angeles, California, USA

 

UFOs and Los Angeles, they some how fit well together. Yeah, I was born in LA and have heard about sightings over the city all my life. This sighting is a little unique in that the objects seen are white. One long snake-like object and many smaller sphere objects. Aliens love California and why not? They got everything there. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

In the sky was 1 large craft of some sort and then 4 smaller light type crafts below. The smaller ones faded and came back into sight but the large one stayed visible.

  

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Disk Seen Over Antalya, Turkey May 6, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 6, 2022

Location of sighting: Antalya, Turkey

Source: Email report

 

Watch as the eyewitness sees a metallic disk in the distance. He said he watched until the object just disappeared like smoke, fading into nothingness. Thats is what happens when a UFO raises its cloak of invisibility. Once thought to be foolish superstition, but not known to be a technological fact. This is a rare and great capture from Turkey. I believe it came from an under water alien base below the floor of the Mediterranean Sea. UFOs are watching us, and drop feeding us proof of their existence. Thus, when the times comes to fully disclose and meet us...we humans wont panic. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states:

Oval and convex roof, from time to time it was spinning, all the time the light was flashing, when it allegedly began to fall, it simply disappeared in the sky, as if it had turned into a cloud.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Object During Thunderstorm, Belmont, North Carolina, May 6, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 6, 2022

Location of sighting: Belmont, North Carolina, USA

Source: Email report

An eyewitness caught a glowing object during a thunderstorm in North Carolina this week. The object moves slowly, but has a steady glow. UFOs are often seen during thunderstorms. I believe its because the UFOs create a static shield around them from the propulsion systems and it could trigger a lightning storm. This is some remarkable and important video, proof that UFOs can change our weather. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Object Shoots Out of Cloud, Channahon, Illinois May 7, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 7, 2022
Location of sighting: Channohon, Illinois, USA

Source: Email report

 

The eyewitness didn't say much except they would like to explore these sightings with an investigator and get some counseling about it. The object is dark like a stealth fighter jet, but makes no sounds and appears round! I know of no USAF round craft that looks like this. This shoots out of the cloud at high speed. Absolutely 100% alien craft here! Fantastic and rare catch. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Fast Moving cloud with a silver object behind it – London – 18-Apr-2022

Check out this footage of a strange objects flying over the sky above London, UK on 18th April 2022.

Witness report: 

Cloud moving fast. Behind the cloud is a silver object that is traveling behind the cloud then vanishes

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Snake Like UFO Spotted Passing An Airplane Over Carson, California. May 7, 2022

This serpent like UFO was filmed over Carson in California on May 7, 2022 around 8pm. This fast moving object not only moved like a snake but it was self illuminated which leads me to believe this could be some sort of "Biological Organism". The witness stated the following: "This is the fourth time I have caught this snake-like object flying near a chem vehicle. Not sure what it could be. Maybe some of you have seen one..or have an idea what is could be."

Thanks to John Graf for allowing me the use of his footage and to view the original:

• https://youtu.be/O1xpz4gl9L4

• https://youtu.be/5dlxnWXVnZo

Donation are greatly appreciated:

• https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/Hidde...
  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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