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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
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Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.

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Uso: The Mystery Under the Waves

Uso: The Mystery Under the Waves

DEAN TRAYLOR

Unidentified Submerged Objects (USOs) have been at the center of many modern-day aquatic legends.

Unidentified Submerged Objects (USOs) have been at the center of many modern-day aquatic legends.

2011: Ocean X Crew Discovers Mysterious Object

The sonar blip caught everyone by surprise. It was 2011, and the Ocean X crew – a deep-sea treasure-hunting and salvage organization – were near the Swedish coast in the Baltic Sea, scanning the ocean floor for sunken ships.

At first, the crew believed they had found a long-lost wreckage. However, upon closer review, the sonar image revealed something nobody expected: supposed remnants of a massive disc-shaped object.

Soon, the discovery hit the press and went international. Many speculated it was a natural formation carved from the currents. But others believed it was not natural … and may not be human. Still, nobody knew what lay at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. As a result, it received the distinctive label of “USO.”

What Is a USO?

The acronym stands for Unidentified Submerged Object. In many respects, it is equivalent to UFOs (Unidentified Flying Object). While a UFO is that strange thing spotted in the sky, a USO is its equivalent. The difference, however, is that it is found under the surface of a large body of water.

Eyewitness accounts vary. Many describe a submerged disc moving at great speed. Others mention seeing something stationary and glowing. On rare occasions, some claim to see a USO shoot out from the water and rocket toward the open skies (many of these reports have never been confirmed or corroborated).

In addition, these reports suggest that the USOs come in many shapes and sizes. While the most famous description is that of a saucer, other popular ones are:

  • Cigar-shaped
  • Triangular
  • An orb

While they are not as popular as UFOs are in popular culture, they’ve been at the center of many modern-day aquatic legends. It’s not unusual to hear someone bring up USO with stories about the lost continent of Atlantis, The Bermuda Triangle, or the Dragon’s Triangle in the Pacific.

First Sightings?

When it comes to UFO and USO sightings, the line between myth and history tends to be blurred. Some UFOlogists (those who study UFOs) and paranormal investigators claimed that historical figures such as Alexander the Great and Christopher Columbus witnessed seeing USOs or UFOS. Accounts about Alexander’s sighting are sketchy at best, and it appears that much of the evidence came from a book written in the late 20th century.

The Christopher Columbus account has a longer history. Supposedly, Columbus wrote in his journal of seeing lights emerging from the ocean. He described it as “a small wax candle that rose and lifted, which a few seemed to be an indication of land.”

This account would later be recorded by his son, Ferdinand. In his own manuscript of his father’s voyage, Ferdinand added that it bobbed up and down.

This account, alone, has been the subject of numerous documentaries. One of the first came from the 1978 theatrical documentary, Secrets of the Bermuda Triangle. In a reenactment of the incident, Columbus witnesses, in horror, several USOs splashing down near his ships. Later, he pulls out his journal and starts to describe the event as they ascend from the ocean.

Decades later, UFO Files, a History Channel presentation, had their version of the event. In this case, it claimed he saw lights under the water that rose above the waves, supposedly attached to a saucer.

While compelling as it sounds, there is a major problem to this account; Columbus’s journal hasn’t survived the test time, and his son’s surviving account were second-hand accounts from his father.

With scant evidence, it’s hard to say if this event happened, at all.

Charles Berlitz Brings Back the USO

The late Charles Berlitz was the grandson of a world-renowned language specialist (essentially responsible for the Berlitz language technique and school). Charles, himself, became a gifted linguist. However, his greatest claim to fame had to do with popularizing the Bermuda Triangle legend, which was first mentioned in a few unimpressive articles by Vincent Gaddis during the 1950s and 60s.

Berlitz’s take on the legend took shape in the best-selling book, The Bermuda Triangle (1974). While much of the book focused on mysterious maritime vanishings of boats and planes in the area of the Atlantic Ocean between the island of Bermuda, Puerto Rico and the south Florida coast, he divulged a considerable amount of time speculating on the cause of these mysteries,chiefly, USOs.

Belief in the mystery of the USO needed a “Roswell” moment. And that’s exactly what happened

Later, Berlitz wrote a companion piece, called The Dragon’s Triangle (1989). Also called the Devil’s Sea, this particular area in the Pacific near Japan supposedly had the same type of reputation as the Bermuda Triangle. And, once again, after nearly every mysterious vanishing Berlitz wrote in this book, he interjected the concept that aliens in USOs – possibly those from an underwater realm such as Atlantis may have been responsible.

While the books were popular, they didn’t do much for understanding the mystery behind USO. Berlitz seemingly used USO as a way to explain away any mysteries when he didn’t have any rationale to solve them (it needs to be noted that many of the mysterious vanishings in both the Bermuda and Dragon’s Triangle have been solved. In addition, several researchers debunked the water legends, claiming they were no different from the surrounding areas within the Atlantic and Pacific).

Belief in the mystery of the USO needed a “Roswell” moment. And that’s exactly what happened.

uso-the-mystery-under-the-waves

The Shag Harbour Incident

According to eyewitness accounts, on the night of October 4, 1967, an unidentified object crashed off the coast of a small fishing port near the southern tip of Nova Scotia, Canada. Local fishermen and members of the Canadian Coast Guard immediately went to the supposed crash zone. At the time, many believed that a plane may have crashed.

Later, the Canadian government sent more military personals, including a team of divers, to search for the downed “plane”. At the time, they didn’t have much to go on. The eyewitnesses described seeing something between 60 to 80 feet long, adorned with a row of lights, and making a “bomb-like” whistling sound before smashing into the water. Some stated that it appeared that the object “hovered” above the waves before it submerged. At least one captain on a fishing vessel described seeing a huge “yellowish” foam patch at the point of impact.

For several days, divers scoured the area, looking for any debris from the fallen aircraft. They failed to find anything. On top of that, as the Skeptoid Podcast writer Brian Durring pointed out, the original testimony of the witnesses varied. Some saw three lights gently falling to the ocean while others stated there were four. And the report of it making a noise came from one person. Flares or shooting stars? That may have been the case. However, as the article pointed out, there had been several supposed UFO sightings in the area few weeks prior to this incident.

Legend of Shag Harbour Grows

Much like a myth told through oral tradition from one generation to the next, the Shag Harbour Incident account grew to include more details. By 1993, the original accounts were replaced by a conflated version in which divers found and attempted to recover an alien aircraft.

In later retelling, especially the version told by UFOlogist Chris Styles in the 1993 book, Dark Object: The World’s Only Government-Documented UFO Crash, the USO didn’t sink to the bottom. Instead, it traveled underwater for days. Its path took it near a small offshore anti-submarine support facility operated by the US Navy.

More than 20 years after Styles’s version of events became popular, Internet accounts of the event added more to it. These days, The Shag Harbour Incident is portrayed as the most definitive proof of alien contact. In fact, Shag Harbour has been dubbed Canada’s Roswell.

Everyone is curious about the mysterious objects in the sky, but what about the ones in the ocean? Originally posted on ufoholic.com.

Everyone is curious about the mysterious objects in the sky, but what about the ones in the ocean? Originally posted on ufoholic.com.

The USO Craze Grows

Cable TV and the Internet presented more accounts of USOs. Simply use Google and type in the term and one will get thousands of stories from various sites. As mentioned, documentaries on the subject have made it to the big screen during the late seventies. They’ve also found a niche on the small screen as well.

Here are a few of those accounts found on the Internet and TV:

  • UFO Evidence.org published an October 2005 account made by a tourist in Kota Kinablu, Sabah, Malaysia. The tourist described a USO rising from the sea, hovering for a moment, and then streaking away to an unknown destination. This occurred within a five-minute span.
  • The History Channel’s UFO Hunter aired a 2006 segment called “Deep Sea UFO” (later to become a spinoff). Among the most intriguing claim, was about the Catalina Straits, which is between the island and southern California’s Palos Verdes Peninsula. The show’s hosts claimed it was the home to USOs. In addition, they believed these USOs played a part in a World War II incident dubbed the Battle of Los Angeles.
  • In 2014, Huffington Post, along with a pro-UFO site, Fade to Black reported on a supposed underwater Alien base off the coast of Malibu (eventually, Huffington Post verified it was a natural formation).
  • Crystallinks.com went as far to define USOs as being an “advanced type of UFO that can operate in the water and atmosphere.” In addition, it mentioned the USO’s ability to break through ice, as well as supposed documented events from around the world between 1845 and 2014 (the last being the Underwater Malibu Alien Base).

That’s not all. UFOlogists such as Stanton Friedman (who recently passed away), Bill Birnes, and Preston Dennett were frequent guests on shows specializing in UFOs and USOs. In addition, researchers such as US Navy’s Bruce Maccabee and UCLA’s Kathryn Morgan investigated many of the claims from shows such as UFO Hunter and Deep Sea UFO.

With such attention and people backing the USO investigation, one would think compelling information of their existence would emerge.

An Elusive Truth

Despite all the attention, USOs are still more legend than reality. Eyewitness accounts, such as those from the Shag Harbour Incident proved to be contradictory. Moreover, the events in that particular case were conflated with other UFO incidents in the region (not to mention, more unverified details were added over the years).

The prospect that eyewitnesses may have misidentified animals and naturally occurring incidents from USO is a real possibility. Even the historical journals of those that claimed to have seen it, proved to be elusive or nonexistent.

... the mystery still lingers, thanks to the efforts of a repurposed article from 2011.

At this point, USO can be anything. And, in most cases, that’s exactly what they are: something else. Even the Baltic Sea Anomaly (as it came to be known) that the crew of Ocean X discovered proved to be anything but a USO. In this case, a misplacement of sonars on the ship and the falsely identified rock outcroppings may be at fault.

Then again, the mystery still lingers, thanks to the efforts of a repurposed article from 2011. For nearly a decade this particular article was republished with a few new details added from sketchy sites.

The last publishing was in the highly questionable Express.co.uk, which purported that the anomaly was 140,000 years-old. In other words, the Baltic Sea Anomaly is becoming the new version of the Shag Harbour Incident.

A 3-d rendering of the supposed Baltic Sea Anomaly

A 3-d rendering of the supposed Baltic Sea Anomaly

as it appeared on sonar

as it appeared on sonar

  • This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional.
  • © 2019 Dean Traylor

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{ https://owlcation.com/ }

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UFOs Over Hawaii (FULL DOCUMENTARY)

UFOs Over Hawaii (FULL DOCUMENTARY)

UFOs Over Hawaii

UFO sightings have long been a subject of fascination and debate, captivating the human imagination for decades. Unidentified Flying Objects, commonly known as UFOs, have sparked countless questions and mysteries surrounding their existence. Are they real? Are they otherworldly visitors, advanced military aircraft, or simply optical illusions? In this article, we will delve into the world of UFO sightings, exploring the facts, the myths, and the science behind these enigmatic aerial phenomena.

The Phenomenon of UFO Sightings

For many, the mention of UFOs immediately conjures images of little green extraterrestrials or mysterious aircraft from other galaxies. These conceptions have been popularized by Hollywood and numerous accounts of close encounters. However, when we talk about UFO sightings, we refer to any object in the sky that cannot be identified by the observer. This doesn’t necessarily mean that we’re dealing with alien spacecraft; it merely indicates that the origin of the object remains a mystery.

Historical UFO Sightings

UFO sightings are not a recent occurrence; they have been reported throughout history. In 1561, the Nuremberg Celestial Phenomenon startled the residents of Nuremberg, Germany, with strange, otherworldly shapes in the sky. While interpretations differ, this event is often cited as an early UFO sighting. Over the years, countless similar stories have emerged, intriguing and perplexing people across the globe.

Modern UFO Sightings

The 20th and 21st centuries have brought us a plethora of UFO sightings. Perhaps the most famous is the 1947 Roswell Incident, where an unidentified object crashed near Roswell, New Mexico, sparking intense controversy and government secrecy. More recently, the U.S. military declassified and confirmed the existence of videos showing unexplained aerial phenomena, reigniting public interest in UFOs.

The Scientific Approach

While many sightings remain unexplained, the scientific community takes a rigorous approach. Astronomers, meteorologists, and physicists carefully analyze UFO reports. In most cases, sightings are attributed to natural phenomena like weather balloons, atmospheric distortions, or astronomical events. Yet, a small percentage of cases defy conventional explanation.

UFO Sightings in the Age of Technology

In our digital age, almost everyone has a camera in their pocket, leading to an increase in UFO sightings captured on video. Amateur and professional investigators have cataloged thousands of videos and photos, further fueling the mystery surrounding these objects. The internet allows for the rapid sharing of these images, connecting UFO enthusiasts worldwide.

The Future of UFO Sightings

The ongoing debate about UFOs continues to pique human curiosity. With the U.S. government’s recent disclosure of previously classified UFO footage, it’s clear that the phenomenon remains an object of study and interest. While many questions remain unanswered, the search for truth regarding UFO sightings shows no sign of abating.

Video:

  • UFOs Over Hawaii (FULL DOCUMENTARY)

UFO sightings are a multifaceted and enduring mystery, woven into the fabric of human history. While the majority of sightings can be attributed to mundane explanations, a small percentage challenges our understanding of the cosmos. Whether UFOs are extraterrestrial visitors, secret military projects, or atmospheric anomalies, one thing is certain: they keep us looking to the skies, searching for answers to one of the universe’s greatest enigmas.

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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FBI is 'aware' of American Airlines flight's close encounter with 'fast-moving cylindrical object' over New Mexico at 36,000 feet - but won't confirm investigation

FBI is 'aware' of American Airlines flight's close encounter with 'fast-moving cylindrical object' over New Mexico at 36,000 feet - but won't confirm investigation

  • The FBI said it was 'aware' of the incident, but would not confirm or deny whether they were investigating 
  • The encounter happened on Sunday as AA Flight 2292 passed over a remote stretch of northeast New Mexico, west of Des Monies, en-route to Phoenix
  • The flight was travelling at around 460 miles per hour at 36,000 feet
  • Blogger Steve Douglass said he intercepted a radio transmission from the flight in which the pilot can be heard reporting the encounter to air traffic control
  • The pilot says the object was a 'long cylindrical object that almost looked like a cruise missile' and had passed over the top of the plane at speed
  • The flight went on to land safely in Phoenix without any further incidents 
  • The state of New Mexico is no stranger to strange encounters, with the city of Roswell reporting one of the nation's most infamous UFO sightings in 1947 

The FBI has confirmed it is 'aware' of an American Airlines flight which had a close encounter a fast-moving, 'long cylindrical object' on a trip from Cincinnati to Phoenix on Sunday.

The encounter, which occurred at 36,000 feet above the remote northeast corner of New Mexico, west of Des Moines on Sunday, involved AA Flight 2292, an Airbus A320, according to The Drive.

The FBI has since been notified of the incident, although they did not say if they were launching an investigation.

'The FBI is aware of the reported incident,' FBI spokesperson Frank Connor told Fox News.

'While our policy is to neither confirm nor deny investigations, the FBI works continuously with our federal, state, local, and tribal partners to share intelligence and protect the public.

'Anyone who is aware of suspicious or criminal activity should contact their local law enforcement agency or the FBI.' 

In a radio transmission intercepted by Steve Douglass, who runs the Deep Black Horizon blog, the pilot can be heard telling Albuquerque Air Traffic Control: 'Do you have any targets up here? We just had something go right over the top of us.

'I hate to say this but it looked like a long cylindrical object that almost looked like a cruise missile type of thing - moving really fast right over the top of us.'

The encounter, which occurred at 36,000 feet above the remote northeast corner of New Mexico, west of Des Moines on Sunday, involved AA Flight 2292 (file photo)

The encounter, which occurred at 36,000 feet above the remote northeast corner of New Mexico, west of Des Moines on Sunday, involved AA Flight 2292

(file photo)

The plane was travelling at around 460 miles per hour at the time. 

In a statement to DailyMail.com earlier this week, American Airlines confirmed the authenticity of the audio clip obtained by Douglass.  

According to Douglass, no significant military aircraft presence was noted in the area at the time, reported to be just at 1pm local time.

Flight AA2292 went on to land in Phoenix without any further incident.

The apparent encounter shares various similarities with another incident that occurred in the same area just under three years ago.

In that incident, two pilots on different aircraft – a Learjet and an Airbus – reported having close encounters with a mysterious object flying above them.

The sightings occurred within minutes of each other on February 24 in 2018, 37,000 feet above southern Arizona, close to New Mexico.

The pilot of a Learjet 36 belonging to Phoenix Air, with the tail number N71PG, reported the initial sighting, telling Air Traffic Control: 'Was anybody above us that passed us like 30 seconds ago?'

When the dispatcher replied 'no', the pilot laughed insisting it must be a 'UFO.'

'I don't know what it was, it wasn't an airplane but it was - the path was going in the opposite direction,' the pilot went on.

Moments later, the pilot of American Airlines Flight 1095, reported a similar encounter, announcing: 'Yeah, something just passed over us, like a - I don't know what it was. But it was at least two, three thousand feet above us. Yeah, it passed right over the top of us.'

American Airlines Flight 2292's flight path is seen above. The Airbus A320 was making its way from Cincinnati to Phoenix on Sunday
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American Airlines Flight 2292's flight path is seen above. The Airbus A320 was making its way from Cincinnati to Phoenix on Sunday

According to The Drive, the incident happened not too far from the sprawling White Sands Missile Range (above), and New Mexico itself is home to a number of military facilities and restricted areas

According to The Drive, the incident happened not too far from the sprawling White Sands Missile Range (above), and New Mexico itself is home to a number of military facilities and restricted areas

In the 2018 incident, pilot Blenus Green told local media: 'It was very bright but it wasn't so bright that you couldn't look at it … it didn't look anything like an airplane'

In the 2018 incident, pilot Blenus Green told local media: 'It was very bright but it wasn't so bright that you couldn't look at it … it didn't look anything like an airplane'

When asked if the object was in motion or hovering, the pilot said: 'Couldn't make it out whether it was a balloon or whatnot. But it was just really beaming light or could have had a big reflection and was several thousand feet above us going opposite direction.'

That pilot, Blenus Green, later told local media: 'It was very bright but it wasn't so bright that you couldn't look at it … it didn't look anything like an airplane. You know, most airplanes, you're going to see some kind of wing surface, some type of a tail, really no matter what type of airplane it is.

'What was weird about it, normally, if you have an object and the sun is shining this way, the reflection would be on this side, but this was bright all the way around. It was so bright that you really couldn't make out what shape it was.'

In Sunday's incident, the pilot's description of a missile-like object matches a number of encounters US Navy Fighter pilots have reported having with anomalous objects off the eastern seaboard over the last 15 years.

Many of such encounters were revealed in a 2019 New York Times report, in which Navy pilots spoke out for the first time about how strange craft would appear in their training airspace, sometimes for days on end – defying known propulsion and aerodynamic capabilities.

The state of New Mexico is no stranger to strange encounters, with the city of Roswell reporting one of the nation’s most infamous UFO sightings in 1947

The state of New Mexico is no stranger to strange encounters, with the city of Roswell reporting one of the nation's most infamous UFO sightings in 1947

What the pilots aboard AA Flight 2292 may have seen on February 21 remains unclear.

According to The Drive, the incident happened not too far from the sprawling White Sands Missile Range, and New Mexico itself is home to a number of military facilities and restricted areas.

The likelihood that a missile may have 'gone off the reservation' during a test, or any other kind of military exercise, is slim, as procedural practice would mean the pilots would've been pre-notified to any such safety hazard.

Pictured: The FBI's field office in Albuquerque, New Mexico

Pictured: The FBI's field office in Albuquerque, New Mexico

The incident also occurred near the Mount Dora Military Operating Area (MOA), but again pilots would've been alerted that the airspace was 'hot' – or that military activities were being conducted in the area at that time. 

The state of New Mexico is no stranger to strange encounters, with the city of Roswell reporting one of the nation's most infamous UFO sightings in 1947.

DailyMail.com has reached out to American Airlines for comment about potential FBI involvement. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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Passenger Flight's Reported Encounter With 'Fast-Moving' UFO Sparks FBI Interest

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Passenger Flight's Reported Encounter With 'Fast-Moving' UFO Sparks FBI Interest

The FBI wouldn't confirm they were investigating, but things could be changing.

FBI acknowledged but refused to confirm an investigation into an unidentified flying object reported by an American Airlines flight in New Mexico back in 2021. According to The Daily Mail, the incident occurred at 36,000 around the north of New Mexico. AA Flight 2292 encountered what was reported as a "long cylindrical object" moving at a fast rate of speed, shaking a few people with his description according to the Mirror.

"We just had something go right over the top of us," the pilot says after asking if "any targets" were in the air according to Fox News. "I hate to say this but it looked like a long cylindrical object that almost looked like a cruise-missile type of thing. Moving really fast and went right over the top of us."

The FBI was notified of the incident and responded to a request from Fox News. "The FBI is aware of the reported incident," FBI spokesperson Frank Connor wrote to Fox News. "While our policy is to neither confirm nor deny investigations, the FBI works continuously with our federal, state, local, and tribal partners to share intelligence and protect the public. Anyone who is aware of suspicious or criminal activity should contact their local law enforcement agency or the FBI."

The Daily Mail adds that a similar incident occurred in the same area three years earlier. That sighting involved a Learjet and Airbus reporting a "mysterious object" flying over them on Feb. 24, 2018. Each aircraft reported incidents minutes apart.

"I don't know what it was, it wasn't an airplane but it was – the path was going in the opposite direction," the Learjet 36 pilot told air traffic control. The other pilot, another American Airlines craft, reported a similar encounter shortly after. "Yeah, something just passed over us, like a – I don't know what it was. But it was at least two, three thousand feet above us. Yeah, it passed right over the top of us."

New Mexico, Nevada and Utah all have a long history of UFO activity across the years. It is technically the birthplace of the UFO phenomenon with the crash at Corona, near Roswell, New Mexico. Kenneth Arnold might disagree, but it hardly matters. While initial reports at the time indicated a UFO had crashed and recovered at the scene, the story that followed changed to reflect a weather balloon, planting seeds of doubt that continue to this day.

{ https://popculture.com/ }

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THE ST. CLAIR TRIANGLE UFO INCIDENT OF 2000: A FRESH LOOK

The St. Clair Triangle UFO Incident of 2000: A Fresh Look - The Debrief
THE ST. CLAIR TRIANGLE UFO INCIDENT OF 2000: A FRESH LOOK

Another of what are considered the “classic” mass UFO sightings in the United States that have made their way into the lore and legends of UAP studies is the event that has come to be known as the St. Clair Triangle sighting of 2000 in southwestern Illinois. It’s also referred to as “the UFO Over Illinois,” the name of a television documentary released later the same year. Other shows and books have featured it prominently. Today The Debrief will look at the lore surrounding this event and compare it to the significant amount of original source data available.

We’ll begin with a brief summary of the details frequently seen in the ufology literature. The tale begins early in the morning on a frigid January 5th, 2000, in Highland, Illinois. 66-year-old miniature golf course owner Melvern Noll was stopping by his business to ensure the pipes hadn’t frozen. Upon exiting his building he saw a brightly lit object in the skies that he would go on to describe as looking like “a flying house with windows on the top and bottom.”

The stunned Noll quickly called the police to report what he had seen. The dispatcher he spoke to forwarded the information to Police Officer Ed Barton in Lebanon, Illinois. Barton initially responded skeptically, asking if the caller had been drunk, but went to investigate as instructed. Observing a bright light in the sky as he drove his cruiser, he closed in on the object before pulling over and exiting his vehicle. He would go on to report seeing a “huge” object in the sky that was triangular, longer than it was wide, with three white lights and one red light. It accelerated away at high speed to the southwest toward Shiloh, Illinois.

Shiloh Police Officer David Martin was on the lookout for the object and reported seeing something very similar before he too claimed that the slow-moving object sped off in the same direction at amazing speed. A third officer in Millstadt, Illinois, Craig Stevens, picked it up and reported it next. He even managed to snap a picture of it with a Polaroid camera. A fourth officer in Dupo, Illinois would later report seeing ‘something’ that might be related. Other civilian witnesses would chime in with their own accounts at later dates, but the object eventually disappeared after more than an hour of confirmed sightings.

Interestingly, musician Sufjan Stevens would go on to write a song about the event:

EXAMINING THE SOURCE DATA FOR MORE DETAILS

One of the larger challenges involved in examining any of these legendary sightings is how much “legend” winds up being inserted into popular reports over the years. Television documentaries and books supporting the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) can tend to focus on the more exotic aspects of a report while downplaying or even ignoring inconvenient anomalies in the data. Similarly, skeptics and debunkers will tend to latch onto inconsistencies while failing to acknowledge some of the more credible evidence. Today The Debrief will look at both with a (hopefully) more critical eye.
Rather than being forced to rely on the potentially fading memories of witnesses or the video simulations provided by video producers, the St. Clair triangle UFO event offers substantial original evidence from the time of the sighting. This trove includes not only transcripts of conversations between dispatchers and police officers, but original recordings of radio traffic and interviews with witnesses conducted shortly after the sighting. These are included in an excellent 2014 documentary from an investigative reporter who collected and released all of the source material.

One of the first areas of evidence to examine is the collection of descriptions of the UFO as originally reported by the witnesses. Some do seem to be consistent while others demonstrate disparities that have been seized upon by skeptics.
Melvern Noll, the miniature golf course owner, described “a flying house with windows in the top and bottom.” This is starkly different than the descriptions offered by law enforcement officials. But it has been suggested that Noll only saw the object for moments with no forewarning at four in the morning in the freezing cold before rushing to contact the police.

THE TESTIMONY OF THE POLICE OFFICERS

Officer Ed Barton in Lebanon, Illinois, at 4:21 am, described a triangular object, “longer than it was wide.” Barton estimated the altitude of the object as being between 1,000 and 1,500 feet. He described seeing three white lights and one red light. The object suddenly sped away, going eight miles in three seconds in the direction of Shiloh, Illinois. It is worth noting that in the original radio traffic recording, Barton describes how he was reaching into the squad car to grab his microphone. When he emerged, the object was far away. He did not actually see it accelerate at exotic speeds.

Shiloh Officer David Martin offered a roughly similar description at 4:23 am. He described it as being an “arrow shape, triangular-shaped object… floating in this sky over this field… with three big bright lights, lighting up the entire sky just beneath the flying object.” He put the altitude at 1,000 to 1,500 feet before the object moved to the far end of the fields “in the snap of a finger, the wink of an eye.” He heard no sound from the object despite having the windows of his cruiser down.
At 4:39 am Millstadt Police Officer Craig Stevens reports that he has an object in sight. “It’s huge.” He describes it as an “arrowhead-shaped object.” Stevens describes the craft as having “three lights to the rear, one in the center and two to either side.” Stevens adds an additional detail, saying that it is “concaved in the rear” rather than a pure triangle. But he also says “in the concave section” there is a strobing white light going side to side. His drawing makes it clear it’s the rear of the craft, not the bottom. He further describes a “red blinking light” that is on the bottom. He estimates that the object is between 500 and 2,000 feet in altitude. The object then “banked” and headed toward Dupo, Illinois.
At that point, Stevens grabbed a Polaroid camera out of his car and took a picture as it flew away. That should have been the most compelling piece of evidence, but sadly it’s not a very good photograph, showing only some blurry lights against a dark background.

 One of Officer Stevens’ original polaroid images depicting illuninations purportedly associated with the massive traingular craft he observed

(Credit: Craig Stevens).

Perhaps significantly, Officer Stevens says that he could hear a “low frequency buzzing noise” that seemed to be related to the craft.
At 5:03 am the final purported sighting by a law enforcement official is recorded. Officer Matt Jany is located in Dupo, Illinois, and has been on the lookout for the craft after following the radio traffic generated by the previous sightings. He claims to have spotted the object, but reports that it is “pretty far off” and he was looking at it through binoculars. He thought the lights looked “pretty bright” but it was “hard to tell.”
Officer Stevens is still on the radio and reiterates that the object was “about 500 feet above me and it was huge.” Jany responds, saying that “it’s usually where planes are. It’s not low at all.”
This discrepancy in the perceived altitude ties in with Jany’s description of the lights, at one point mentioning a blinking green light. The other reports only mentioned white and red lights. Green blinking lights (along with red ones) are typical of commercial airliners and are required by the FAA. These factors have led many analysts to conclude that Officer Jany did not see the same craft the other officer described and instead was simply seeing a conventional aircraft flying over the area. This would not be unusual since Dupo is located between the international airports in St. Louis and Chicago and also not far from an Air Force base.

At that point, Jany reports that dispatch told him that Lambert Airport is on the phone saying there is nothing in the area on their radar. This was a reference to Lambert International Airport in St. Louis.

THE AIR FORCE CONNECTION AND RADAR DATA

Some analysts seeking explanations for this event have put forth suggestions that nearby Scott Air Force Base might be involved, launching either misidentified conventional craft or experimental classified aerial vehicles. This is where the source data becomes highly intriguing and may suggest a governmental or military coverup. Two conflicting descriptions of Scott Air Force Base have emerged in previous analyses. One theory describes the base as having a 24-hour, fully staffed control tower, but claims that it was not online due to “an unexplained suspension of operations.” The other says that it’s primarily a hospital base with a small airfield and had no operations at 4 am. The original sources suggest that both of these descriptions miss the mark.
In the documentary linked above, the St. Clair Police radio dispatcher claims to have called Scott Air Force Base and was told they could see nothing on the radar. But later, Scott AFB personnel told a reporter from the Lebanon Advertiser that “Scott Air Force Base has denied any knowledge of the sighting, reporting that it “no longer has radar on the field and that control tower personnel were not on duty at that hour.”
The information supplied to both the police and journalists by Scott Air Force Base is not only contradictory but highly suspicious, to say the least. Also, the claims about the base in previous documentaries are frequently inaccurate, leading to many justifiable questions. First of all, the idea that the base is a small medical facility with limited airfield capability is flatly wrong.
Scott Air Force base has been in continuous operation since shortly after World War 2. It’s true that they have an impressive medical facility there (the 375th Medical Group), including a fleet of Learjet C-21 twin turbofan-engine aircraft used for medical transport and evacuations which can take place at any hour of the day. They also host a fleet of KC-135 Stratotankers used for in-flight refueling of other aviation assets at any time. These massive planes require a sizable airfield. On top of that, Scott Air Force Base boasts a group of C-40 B/C transports that ferry dignitaries around the globe and are the size of Air Force 1.
The idea that a base such as Scott would have “removed their radar” or not had anyone manning the control tower is implausible in the extreme. So the answers provided to both police dispatchers and local media outlets seem dubious. The responses were also contradictory in two regards. If you had no radar, why would you bother staffing an air control tower? And why would they say they had “nothing on the radar” if there was no radar? The Debrief reached out to the Public Affairs Office of Scott Airfield for comment but received no answer prior to publication.
THE SKEPTICS HAVE THEIR SAY

Debunkers have made spirited attempts to shoot down this story, raising some interesting possibilities. The most common of these is that all of the witnesses actually misidentified a blimp. It’s true that the location of the sightings was not far from the base of the American Blimp Company, later bought out by the Van Wagner Airship Group. Blimps are large and very quiet, often equipped with a variety of different types and colors of lights for advertising purposes. Also, the top speed of these blimps is roughly 45 mph depending on the wind, so a blimp could have made it from Lebanon to Dupo in the one-hour and three-minute period when the live reports were recorded.

The main problem with this avenue of debunking is that it’s entirely speculative. As already noted, a blimp could have made that journey and displayed lights that would be considered unusual. Some have spoken with people in the airship industry who agree that it’s plausible. But investigators checked with the American Blimp Company and later Van Wagner and none was able to produce a record of a flight by one of those ships on that date, though one would imagine that all trips by such an expensive aircraft would be recorded.
Further, a blimp could have made the trip in the time allowed if it flew directly to Dupo. But the various witnesses described the craft as slowing, stopping, and changing directions. Also, unless we are to dismiss the testimony of the officers in Lebanon and Shiloh, the craft they observed not only hovered but shot away at a stunning velocity. Blimps are simply not capable of that type of behavior.

CONCLUSIONS

As we have discovered, there are complicated aspects to the St. Clair Triangle sighting, and the legends that have grown around it in books and television programs do not always match the record. For one thing, such shows frequently depicted the “classic” triangle, with one bright white light on each corner of the craft fixed to the bottom and a red light in the center. None of the witnesses described the lights in that fashion. And the original witness, Melvern Noll, described something that sounded entirely different, so some level of skepticism may be warranted.

With that said, the descriptions provided by all but one of the law enforcement witnesses (who likely saw a conventional aircraft) are similar enough in terms of its physical appearance and curious flight characteristics that they are difficult to ignore. Their stories remained unchanged over the years.

The baffling responses from Scott Air Force base do little to discredit the witnesses. While it seems unlikely that such a base would be home to highly classified, exotic aircraft programs, they should have been able to provide corroborating radar data or at least a confirmation that they recorded no targets in the subject area. It is not inconceivable that they had standing orders to never comment on anything UFO-related. This is a pattern the Air Force has adhered to ever since the days of Project Blue Book.

The poor quality of the photograph taken by Officer Stevens is disappointing to researchers, but the fact that it was taken at night on a dated Polaroid Instamatic pointing up at the night sky makes it understandable. Additional electronic data would make the case much stronger, but the inexplicable responses from Scott Air Force Base at least suggest that such may have existed at one point.

In conclusion, the viability of this case rests heavily on the credibility of multiple professional witnesses from different locations who would seem unlikely in the extreme to have cooked up a tale of this sort as a hoax. The lack of electronic signature data is disappointing but perhaps understandable as we already discussed. And the alternative options offered by skeptics do little to explain away the recorded, original observations as misidentified mundane phenomena. As with most of these famous, multiple-witness sightings, the final determination remains in the eye of the beholder. But the available source evidence is compelling and none of the alternate explanations are very satisfying.

  • Follow and connect with author Jazz Shaw on Twitter: @JazzShaw
  • Analysis, conclusions, and some alternate explanations included in this article are the opinions of the author and not the official position of The Debrief.
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Interactive map reveals locations of UK's 900 UFO sightings in last two years - as ex-MoD alien hunter says ministers MUST take threat seriously

Interactive map reveals locations of UK's 900 UFO sightings in last two years - as ex-MoD alien hunter says ministers MUST take threat seriously

  • Have you caught a UFO encounter on film? Email tom.cotterill@mailonline.co.uk to tell your story 

The former head of Britain's UFO investigation squad has accused the government and military top brass of not taking the 'threat' posed by unidentified flying objects seriously. 

Alien hunter Nick Pope, who ran the Ministry of Defence's UFO project in the 1990s before it was disbanded, said it was 'outrageous' ministers are not taking 'meaningful action' to probe unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAPs) - better known as UFOs.

The UFO expert also accused defence chiefs of 'falling back on a lazy, closed-minded "it can't be, so it isn't" mindset', meaning potential foreign threats to UK shores could be missed. 

He claimed the MoD's position of no longer investigating sightings made 'little sense' considering the stance taken by the US government, which has ramped up its investigations into the phenomena this year. 

His comments come as a map today revealed Britain's UFO hotspots, with almost 1,000 reported sightings recorded in the past two-and-a-half year. 

'If the US assessment is that UAP pose a threat to national security that requires a proper investigative response, it seems illogical for the MoD not to follow suit,' Mr Pope told MailOnline.

Have you filmed a UFO? Do you think you were abducted by aliens and want to tell your story? Email tom.cotterill@mailonline.co.uk 

Nick Pope, who ran the British Government's UFO project in the 1990s, told DailyMail.com that the simulation theory would solve why each religion believes their god created the universe
More than 1,000 sightings have been reported in the UK in almost three years - sparking calls for the Government to re-open its UFO investigation team (file image)

More than 1,000 sightings have been reported in the UK in almost three years - sparking calls for the Government to re-open its UFO investigation team

(file image)

'The Ministry of Defence needs to restart UAP investigations, a task force of some sort needs to be set up, and the defence committee needs to start holding the MoD to account on UAP, as the armed services committees are doing in the US Congress, in both the Senate and the House.'

  • Poll

    Should the government do more to investigate UFO sightings in Britain?

    Yes
    No

The MoD closed its UFO desk in 2009 and nothing has ever replaced it, with a spokesman saying the Ministry of Defence has 'no opinion on the existence of extra-terrestrial life'.

Prior to this, it carried out what at the time was a highly-secretive and extensive UFO investigation of more than 10,000 possible sightings over several decades - many of which were by military personnel.

Known as the Project Condign report, it concluded that 80 per cent of the sightings were easily explained, 19 per cent were secret military craft and just one per cent were mysterious in origin.

'One thing that is clear, however, is that the UFO phenomenon, whatever it may be, does not recognise any international borders, therefore any such study surely must be international in scope rather than national,' said Philip Mantle, the former director of investigations at the British UFO Research Association. 

Data, compiled by experts at UFO Identified, showed that Liverpool, London and Glasgow are all hotbeds for sightings of potential extraterrestrials, with dozens of reported encounters recorded since 2021. 

Between January 2021 and May this year, the UFO spotter website documented a total of 957 sightings. That includes 410 in 2021, 494 in 2022, and 53 as of May 20 this year. 

Of all counties in the UK, more UFOs were spotted in skies of Greater Manchester than anywhere else, a total of 54 documented sightings. That was followed by Greater London (52), Cheshire (37), and West Sussex (34). 

Reported sightings included:

  • A 'dark, large oblong shaped object' that was spotted from a plane flying above the city of Glasgow, Scotland, in February of last year
  • And a 30ft to 40ft wide 'round saucer-like object with detailed outer rim' was observed 'hovering over a house' in Bedworth, Warwickshire in January.
  • A 'long cigar-shaped craft with three or four roundish patterns on it' which was witnessed in Chester, Cheshire, for 20 minutes before it 'vanished like a light being switched off' in October last year. 

READ MORE:

Ash Ellis, who runs UFO Identified, told MailOnline the reported sightings in Britain over the past couple of years could be the tip of the iceberg.

He added: ‘Sightings continue to be reported across the UK with close to 500 documented in our database annually. It’s estimated that only around 15 per cent of sightings are actually reported so the figure is 500 is more likely to be around 4,000 sightings a year in the UK, a huge amount that can't be ignored.'

As calls grow for Britain to relaunch its UFO probe, in the US, NASA last month released its highly-anticipated report into more than 800 potential alien sightings over a period of three decades.

The space agency's independent panel of experts stressed there was 'no reason to conclude' any were extraterrestrial in origin, but warned that mysterious flying objects were a 'self-evident' threat to American airspace. 

Mr Pope said if the US was worried about this then Britain, as an NATO ally, should be too.

He added: 'The UK can make a significant contribution to the wider search for the truth about UAP, by leveraging its world class intelligence community imagery analysis resources and capabilities... The bottom line is that we need action.' 

A spokesman for the Ministry of Defence told MailOnline: 'The MoD has no opinion on the existence of extra-terrestrial life and no longer investigates reports of sightings of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena or Unidentified Flying Objects. 

Footage released by the US Department of Defence captured the moment military pilots spotted a UFO dubbed the 'Tic Tac' - a wingless oblong filmed by a fighter jet's camera

Footage released by the US Department of Defence captured the moment military pilots spotted a UFO dubbed the 'Tic Tac' - a wingless oblong filmed by a fighter jet's camera 

In the US, NASA released its highly-anticipated report into more than 800 potential alien sightings over a period of three decades. NASA chief Bill Nelson (pictured) announced that a new director for UFO research would help implement the panel's recommendations

In the US, NASA released its highly-anticipated report into more than 800 potential alien sightings over a period of three decades. NASA chief Bill Nelson (pictured) announced that a new director for UFO research would help implement the panel's recommendations

'This is because, in over 50 years no such reporting to the department indicated the existence of any military threat to the UK, and it was deemed more valuable to prioritise MoD staff resources towards other defence-related activities.' 

The news comes amid dramatic claims from a former intelligence officer who suggested that people have been murdered by the US government  as part of the conspiracy to keep UFOs a secret. 

David Grusch - a former high-ranking American intelligence official - is one of three military whistleblowers who testified under oath that they had firsthand encounters or knowledge about secret government programs involving technology that is 'non-human.'

He claimed the US has been in possession of UFOs since 'the 1930s' and has been secretly back-engineering them and carrying out a public disinformation campaign to prevent the details from leaking publicly.

At one point during the first-of-its-kind hearing in July, Representative Tim Burchett asked Grusch: 'Personally, have you heard anyone [has] been murdered?' Grusch said: 'I have to be careful answering that question. I directed people with that knowledge to the appropriate authorities.'

Grusch was sworn in along with Ryan Graves, an esteemed former pilot, and Navy veteran fighter pilot Commander David Fravor, who witnessed the 2004 'Tic Tac' UFO.

Opening the hearing, Rep Burchett promised their testimonies would be a landmark moment in uncovering 'the biggest cover-up in history.'

Grusch also claimed he had been told by multiple credible intelligence officials the US government had recovered non-human aircraft that had biological pilots inside them. 

The former US Intelligence agent also said he knows of 'multiple colleagues' who were physically injured by UFOs either after encountering them or working on them as part of these special access programs. 

While Grusch is still forbidden from disclosing certain information, per the terms of his Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review agreement with the Pentagon, he did to clarify his statements in a later interview with the BBC in August.

'There's certain things that I have firsthand access to that I can't publicly discuss at this time,' Grusch told the BBC.

Ryan Graves, a former pilot, Air Force and intelligence agency veteran David Grusch and Navy veteran fighter pilot Commander David Fravor have been sworn in and are ready to share their experiences

The hearing kicked off with opening statements from Representative Tim Burchett, who said: 'We are going to uncover the UFO coverup'

The hearing kicked off with opening statements from Representative Tim Burchett, who said: 'We are going to uncover the UFO coverup'

'However, myself and other colleagues interviewed 40 individuals, both current and former highly distinguished intelligence and military personnel that were specifically on these [UFO crash retrieval] programs.'

'And those that were willing I directed to the Intelligence Community Inspector General. So, the Inspector General was able to interview these people that do have direct firsthand information.'

Last month two supposed ‘alien’ mummies were presented in Mexico by Jaime Maussan, a controversial journalist who has previously made debunked claims of finding aliens and claims they are extraterrestrial.

The UFO investigator presented two allegedly 'non human' bodies to a congress full of astonished officials.

Mr Maussan, who has led investigations into alien phenomena for decades, stood with scientists to unveil the corpses in what he called a 'watershed' event.

The researchers made the extraordinary claim the corpses, presented in windowed boxes and supposedly recovered from Cusco in Peru, were not part of 'our terrestrial evolution', with 30 per cent of their genetic composition still 'unknown', according to Mexican media.

The mummified bodies were presented to photojournalists and deputies at Mexican congress

The mummified bodies were presented to photojournalists and deputies at Mexican congress

The presentation caused a frenzy online among UFO conspiracy theorists but also drew scepticism

The presentation caused a frenzy online among UFO conspiracy theorists but also drew scepticism

A closer view shows remains of an allegedly non-human being at the event on September 12

A closer view shows remains of an allegedly non-human being at the event on September 12 

Carbon dating by the National Autonomous University of Mexico found the bodies, pictured with three-fingered hands, no teeth and stereoscopic vision, were more than 1,000 years old, Maussan claimed.

The bizarre presentation triggered a frenzy of excitement among conspiracy theorists online - but it has also drawn scepticism from the scientific community.

Speaking of the revelation, stargazing Professor Brian Cox said 'extraordinary' claims had been made, but without 'extraordinary evidence' to back it up. 

  • Have you filmed a UFO? Where you abducted by aliens or experienced an encounter with a UFO? Email tom.cotterill@mailonline.co.uk 

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Now Astronomers have Discovered “Ultra-Fast Radio Bursts” Lasting Millionths of a Second

Microsec-FRB-20121102A-liggend-credit-Danielle-Futselaar-artsource-nl.jpg

Artist rendition of a radio telescope discovering ultra-fast radio bursts that were recently discovered and the focus of this recent study. (Credit: Daniëlle Futselaar/www.artsource.nl)

Now Astronomers have Discovered “Ultra-Fast Radio Bursts” Lasting Millionths of a Second

A recent study published in Nature Astronomy examines the discovery of what astronomers are dubbing “ultra-fast radio bursts”, a new type of fast radio bursts (FRBs) that the team determined lasts for a mind-boggling ten millionths of a second or less. Traditionally, FRBs have been found to last only thousandths of a second, but this study builds on a 2021 study that hypothesized FRBs could possibly last for millionths of a second. This also comes after astronomers recently announced the discovery of the oldest and farthest FRB ever observed, approximately 8 billion light-years from Earth.

“During our group meetings, we often talked about it,” said Mark Snelders, who is a Ph.D. candidate at ASTRON and the University of Amsterdam (the Netherlands), along with being lead author of the most recent study and a co-author on the 2021 study. “By coincidence, I found out that there was a public dataset that we could use for this.”

For the study, the team was able to obtain five hours of data on a known FRB called FRB 20121102A, which was discovered in November 2012 and is located approximately three billion light-years from Earth, along with being considered the first known repeating FRB, according to a 2022 study. The data was obtained from the Breakthrough Listen project, which is a worldwide scientific collaboration with the goal of finding evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence, with the data specifically coming from the Breakthrough Listen at Green Bank portion of the Open Data Archive.

Upon obtaining the data, the team took the first 30 minutes and split each second into 500,000 separate images, then incorporated machine learning and software filters to isolate outliers within the data to identify eight ultra-fast radio bursts lasting a mere ten millionths of a second or less. For context, ten millionths of a second is equivalent to 0.0000001 seconds.

The researchers note, “In detecting and characterizing these microsecond-duration bursts, we show that there exists a population of ultra-fast radio bursts that current wide-field FRB searches are missing due to insufficient time resolution. These results indicate that FRBs occur more frequently and with greater diversity than initially thought. This could also influence our understanding of energy, wait time, and burst rate distributions.”

While questions remain as to how these ultra-fast radio bursts are produced, the team does expect to identify more ultra-fast radio bursts in the future. However, the difficulty lies in finding data files capable of being split into 500,000 separate images per second, as some files lack the necessary specifications to make such splitting possible.

The long-term goal for the tea, is to use FRB data to map the space that exists between stars and galaxies, which they hope will help them gain better insights into the interactions between galaxies and the gas in the surrounding environment.

FRBs are some of the most mysterious celestial phenomena ever studied ever since they were first discovered in 2007, and astronomers have made incredible strides in both understanding their potential origins and the number of FRBs that exist in the universe. This includes discovering that most FRBs come from outside our Milky Way Galaxy.

However, in 2020, astronomers found one source of FRBs was from a magnetar within our own Milky Way Galaxy. Also, while FRB 20121102A is designated as the first known repeating FRB, a 2023 study identified 25 regularly repeating FRBs found using the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME), which is located in British Colombia, Canada, and has found more than 1000 FRBs to date.

What new discoveries about FRBs ultra-fast radio bursts will astronomers make in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

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NASA Tests a 3D Printed Aluminum Rocket Nozzle

ramfire-nozzle-hot-fire-testing-nasa-msfc-2000x1200.jpg

The RAMFIRE nozzle performs a hot fire test at Marshall’s East test area stand 115. Credit: NASA

NASA Tests a 3D Printed Aluminum Rocket Nozzle

When it comes to the current era of space exploration, one of the most important trends is the way new technologies and processes are lowering the cost of sending crews and payloads to space. Beyond the commercial space sector and the development of retrievable and reusable rockets, space agencies are also finding new ways to make space more accessible and affordable. This includes NASA, which recently built and tested an aluminum rocket engine nozzle manufactured using their new Reactive Additive Manufacturing for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (RAMFIRE) process.

Additive manufacturing (AM), otherwise known as 3D printing, has led to a revolution in manufacturing. Unlike traditional machine production, which fashions things from raw materials and throws away what is not used, 3D printing builds made-to-order components from the bottom up. This production process creates virtually no waste and is very rapid, cost-effective, and efficient compared to traditional methods. Whereas it was once confined to modeling and prototyping, the technology’s applications have expanded considerably in recent years – including the aerospace industry.

The aluminum nozzle was developed by NASA’s Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity in partnership with the leading AM company Elementum 3D. Based in Erie, Colorado, Elementum 3D specializes in metal alloy additive manufacturing research, material and print process development, and scaled-production methods. In 2020, the company was selected as part of an Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity to create a weldable type of aluminum that is heat-resistant enough to be used in rocket engines, leading to the aluminum variant known as A6061-RAM2.

Compared to other metals, aluminum has a lower density and can enable high-strength, lightweight components. However, with conventional manufacturing, a rocket nozzle may require a thousand individually joined parts. This makes aluminum impractical since it has a low tolerance to extreme heat and a tendency to crack during welding. The RAMFIRE process, which was funded under NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), does away with this by producing aluminum components as a single piece, requiring far fewer bonds and significantly reduced manufacturing time. 

In addition, the nozzles are designed with small internal channels that keep the nozzle cool enough to prevent melting. Meanwhile, the RAMFIRE 3D printer and process were developed by another commercial partner, RPM Innovations (RPMI). This South Dakota-based company specializes in Directed Energy Deposition (DED), where layers of powdered alloy are deposited and fused by lasers. When combined with Elementum 3D’s specialized aluminum powder, the resulting process is known as laser powder-directed energy deposition (LP-DED).

Earlier this summer, two RAMFIRE nozzles completed a series of hot-fire tests at the Marshall Space Flight Center’s East Test Area in Huntsville, Alabama. The nozzles performed well using liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2), as well as LOX and liquid methane fuel configurations, and at pressures exceeding 5690 kilopascals (825 psi) – higher than what is anticipated for launches. The nozzles successfully completed 22 start tests and fired for nearly 10 minutes, demonstrating that they can operate in the most demanding deep-space environments. Paul Gradl, RAMFIRE principal investigator at NASA Marshall, said in a NASA press release:

“Industry partnerships with specialty manufacturing vendors aid in advancing the supply base and help make additive manufacturing more accessible for NASA missions and the broader commercial and aerospace industry. This test series marks a significant milestone for the nozzle. After putting the nozzle through the paces of a demanding hot-fire test series, we’ve demonstrated the nozzle can survive the thermal, structural, and pressure loads for a lunar lander scale engine.”

Liftoff of Terran 1, the first rocket made entirely using 3D-printed parts.

Credit: Relativity Space/Michael Baylor

NASA also demonstrated the effectiveness of 3D-printed components in March 2023 when Relativity Space test-launched their Terran 1 rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. This test rocket was the first to be made entirely of 3D-printed parts, including nine engines made of an innovative alloy known as Glenn Research Copper (GRCop). These engines were additively manufactured at NASA’s Glenn Research Center under the agency’s Game Changing Development program, and were able to tolerate temperatures approaching 3,315 °C (6,000 °F) – up to 40% higher than traditional copper alloys.

In addition to rocket nozzles and engines, RAMFIRE has also manufactured a 91-centimeter (36-inch) diameter aerospike nozzle incorporating components for cryogenic fuel applications. These innovations are crucial to NASA’s Moon to Mars program, which includes Project Artemis and returning astronauts to the Moon, and the creation of the lunar infrastructure necessary to mount crewed missions to Mars. Intrinsic to this program is the capability of sending larger payloads to the Moon, Mars, and other deep-space destinations.

By manufacturing lightweight rocket components capable of withstanding higher structural loads and extreme temperatures, NASA is one step closer to returning to the Moon (to stay) and placing boots on Martian soil. Said John Vickers, the principal technologist for STMD advanced manufacturing:

“Mass is critical for NASA’s future deep space missions. Projects like this mature additive manufacturing along with advanced materials, and will help evolve new propulsion systems, in-space manufacturing, and infrastructure needed for NASA’s ambitious missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.”

Further Reading:

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A New Weather Feature was Hiding in JWST’s Picture of Jupiter

jupiter-jwst.png

Image of Jupiter taken by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) in July 2022 displays striking features of the largest planet in the solar system in infrared light, with brightness indicating high altitudes. One of these features is a jet stream within the large bright band just above Jupiter’s equator, which was the focus of this study. (Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, R. Hueso (University of the Basque Country), I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley), T. Fouchet (Observatory of Paris), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), M. Wong (University of California, Berkeley), J. DePasquale (STScI))

A New Weather Feature was Hiding in JWST’s Picture of Jupiter

In July 2022, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) used its NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) to capture stunning infrared images of the largest planet in the solar system, Jupiter. Within these striking images, scientists recently discovered a jet stream in the northern latitudes just over Jupiter’s equator and 20-35 kilometers (12-21 miles) above Jupiter’s cloud tops. This jet stream stretches approximately 4,800 kilometers (3,000 miles) with speeds of 515 kilometers per hour (320 miles per hour), more than double the speed of a Category 5 hurricane on Earth.

“This is something that totally surprised us,” said Dr. Ricardo Hueso, who is a lecturer at the University of the Basque Country in Spain and lead author of the study published in Nature Astronomy that describes these incredible findings. “What we have always seen as blurred hazes in Jupiter’s atmosphere now appear as crisp features that we can track along with the planet’s fast rotation.”

The reason this jet stream is traveling so fast is due to the Coriolis effect, as all planetary bodies spin faster at their equator to cover the same amount of distance as everything else. However, while the Earth spins on its axis at approximately 1,600 kilometers per hour (1,000 miles per hour) at its equator, the speeds experienced at Jupiter’s equator are a mind-bending 43,000 kilometers per hour (28,273 miles per hour), resulting in not only a rotation at 9 hours and 50 minutes at the equator (9 hours and 56 minutes at the poles), but also result in the extremely fast and powerful wind storms within its massive clouds.

This image of Jupiter from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) in July 2022 shows a narrow jet stream traveling 320 miles per hour (515 kilometers per hour) sitting over Jupiter’s equator above the main cloud decks, which was the focus of this study. Scientists hypothesize the multitude of bright white ‘spots’ and ‘streaks’ are possibly very high-altitude cloud tops of comprised of condensed convective storms. (Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, R. Hueso (University of the Basque Country), I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley), T. Fouchet (Observatory of Paris), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), M. Wong (University of California, Berkeley), J. DePasquale (STScI))

While JWST made its observations within Jupiter’s high altitudes, the team used NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope to make observations in lower altitudes just one day later, which helped the team estimate changes in wind speeds with respective to altitude within the clouds, also known as wind shears. While they found the jet stream of 515 kilometers per hour (320 miles per hour) higher in the clouds, these wind speeds decreased as the altitude decreased, with speeds of 362 kilometers per hour (225 miles per hour) and 402 kilometers per hour (250 miles per hour) occurring only a few miles lower in Jupiter’s massive atmosphere. Essentially, the team of astronomers briefly played the role of meteorologists as they analyzed and calculated Jupiter’s weather patterns.

“Jupiter has a complicated but repeatable pattern of winds and temperatures in its equatorial stratosphere, high above the winds in the clouds and hazes measured at these wavelengths,” said Dr. Leigh Fletcher, who is a Professor of Planetary Science at the University of Leicester and one of several co-authors on the study. “If the strength of this new jet is connected to this oscillating stratospheric pattern, we might expect the jet to vary considerably over the next 2 to 4 years – it’ll be really exciting to test this theory in the years to come.”

This is not the first time that scientists have observed jet streams on Jupiter, as NASA’s Cassini spacecraft observed such activity in the early 2010s. These jet streams were also observed just above the gas giant’s equator and estimated to be traveling at 523 kilometers per hour (325 miles per hour).

Along with this jet stream, these incredible images from July 2022 also revealed Jupiter’s faint rings, its northern and southern aurorae, and two of its smaller moons, Amalthea and Adrastea. Jupiter’s rings were discovered by NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979 as it flew past the gas giant, and scientists hypothesize they were formed from meteoroids striking one of Jupiter’s small moons. Like Earth, Jupiter’s massive aurorae are produced from its even more massive magnetic field, which is 20,000 times stronger than Earth’s magnetic field. The two small moons, Amalthea and Adrastea, were discovered in 1892 and 1979, respectively, with both orbiting within the orbit of Io, the first Galilean Moon of Jupiter.

What new discoveries will JWST continue to make about Jupiter and its amazing features in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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Do Red Dwarfs or Sunlike Stars Have More Earth-Sized Worlds?

Do Red Dwarfs or Sunlike Stars Have More Earth-Sized Worlds?

Earth is our only example of a habitable planet, so it makes sense to search for Earth-size worlds when we’re hunting for potentially-habitable exoplanets. When astronomers found seven of them orbiting a red dwarf star in the TRAPPIST-1 system, people wondered if Earth-size planets are more common around red dwarfs than Sun-like stars.

But are they? Maybe not.

The exoplanet-hunting age arrived when NASA launched the Kepler space telescope in 2009. The mission was a success, and found almost 5,000 exoplanets, with 2,711 confirmed and another 2056 awaiting confirmation. The Kepler mission ended in 2018, and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) took over planet hunting that same year.

Kepler’s initial results suggested that Earth-sized exoplanets in habitable zones were more common around M-dwarfs. But as time has passed, the Kepler sample has come under increased scrutiny.

New research digs into the issue and explains what’s happened since Kepler, and how its data needs a rethink. The paper is “No Evidence for More Earth-sized Planets in the Habitable Zone of Kepler’s M versus FGK Stars.” It’s been accepted into The Astronomical Journal and is currently available on the pre-press site arxiv.org. The lead author is Galen Bergsten, from the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona.

“Reliable detections of Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone remain elusive in the Kepler sample,
even for M dwarfs,” the authors write. Astronomers used to think that Kepler had found quite a sizable number of these planets. Different researchers used Kepler’s findings to extrapolate the occurrence rate of these desirable planets. But current research suggests that Kepler’s results weren’t accurate. That means the estimated occurrence rates were inaccurate, too.

Illustration of the Kepler spacecraft. Kepler's mission is over, but not the discussion about its data. (NASA/Kepler mission/Wendy Stenzel)

Illustration of the Kepler spacecraft. Kepler’s mission is over, but not the discussion about its data. (NASA/Kepler mission/Wendy Stenzel)

Kepler was meant to focus on Earth-sized planets around Sun-like stars, with preferential long-term monitoring of around one year. One year monitoring would produce more robust data than shorter monitoring, when it comes to measuring the occurrence of these planets. But the spacecraft suffered some mechanical failures which ended that phase of operations. As a result, its survey was interrupted before it could deliver a confident survey of Earth-sized planets in habitable zones.

But the data was all researchers had to work with. This led to estimates of the occurrence of Earth-sized planets extrapolated from Kepler’s data on red dwarfs. A 2014 study suggested that 25% of red dwarfs have super-Earths. And a 2015 study found 156 Earth-size candidates around low mass M dwarfs. The 2015 results arrived at an occurrence rate of 0.16 Earth-size planets around red dwarfs. Since about 75% of the Milky Way’s stars are red dwarfs, that means there’s an enormous number of Earth-size planets around red dwarfs. Could it be true?

Maybe not.

The ESA’s launched their Gaia spacecraft in 2013 and it specializes in measuring stars. It’s focused on astrometry, which measures the positions, distances, and motions of stars. But it also performs photometric measurements of the stars’ luminosity, revealing their temperatures, masses, and ages. It’s better at that than Kepler was.

Artist's impression of the ESA's Gaia Observatory. Credit: ESA

Artist’s impression of the ESA’s Gaia Observatory. Credit: ESA

Gaia exposed the inaccuracy in Kepler’s results. “However, updated stellar properties from Gaia have shifted many Kepler stars to earlier spectral type classifications, with most stars (and their planets) now
measured to be larger and hotter than previously believed,” the authors explain.

What astronomers are seeking is the elusive number of Earth-sized planets in habitable zones across all star types. The only reliable way to find it, other than measuring every star and planet, is to extrapolate from a sample. Since Kepler’s sample is now understood to be flawed, it means that previous extrapolations are flawed. Where does that leave us?

This research arrives at new numbers based an both Kepler’s data and Gaia’s data. The new numbers are far lower than initial estimates and extrapolations. “The updated sample’s paucity of Earth-sized habitable zone planet detections means that Kepler offers no evidence supporting an increased number of Earth-sized habitable planets around M dwarfs compared to FGK stars,” the authors write. “When evaluated in instellation, we found a lack of sufficient evidence that would support M dwarfs having more Earth-sized planets than FGK stars at habitable zone instellations.” Instellation is a planet’s proximity to a star.

This figure from the study helps illustrate the results. It clearly shows that there are not more Earth-sized planets around red dwarfs (M dwarfs) than around Sun-like (FGK) stars. The shaded grey region denotes the regime where there are no detections of Earth-sized planets around F type stars. Image Credit: Bergsten et al. 2023.

This figure from the study helps illustrate the results. It clearly shows that there are not more Earth-sized planets around red dwarfs (M dwarfs) than around Sun-like (FGK) stars. The shaded grey region denotes the regime where there are no detections of Earth-sized planets around F type stars. Image Credit: Bergsten et al. 2023.

So Kepler’s early data was not reliable.

There’s still more research to be done before we understand how many Earth-like planets there are, around M dwarfs or around Sun-like (FGK) stars. Red dwarfs are dim to begin with, and a smaller planet doesn’t block much light, making transits difficult to detect.

This research isn’t the last word. As better data rolls in and planet-hunting scientists study it meticulously, they’re bound to arrive at a better understanding.

We’d all like to know how many Earth-sized planets there are in habitable zones. But when it comes to red dwarfs, habitability is not well understood to begin with. Red dwarfs, especially younger ones, emit lots of radiation. It might render planets in their putative habitable zones inhabitable. Their may be no way for them to hold onto their atmospheres.

We can't talk about red dwarf exoplanet habitability without bringing up red dwarf flaring. Stellar flares could threaten life on red dwarf planets. Credit: NASA, ESA and D. Player (STScI)

We can’t talk about red dwarf exoplanet habitability without bringing up red dwarf flaring. Stellar flares could threaten life on red dwarf planets. Credit: NASA, ESA and D. Player (STScI)

And stars aren’t consistent. Their luminosity changes over time, which means their habitable zones shift over time. Our own Sun used to be fainter, and it’s slowly, inexorably brightening. So getting a star’s age wrong skews everything else.

There are a lot of unanswered questions around Earth-sized exoplanets, optimistic versus conservative habitable zones, red dwarf flaring, and a host of other issues. But one of the basic things astronomers would like to understand is how widespread Earth-sized planets are.

Looks like we’re still waiting to find out.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS (VIDEOS) - 22/10/2023

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS (VIDEOS) - 22/10/2023

Where Did Earth's Water Come From? & How Do We Know? GEO GIRL

Earth has an abundance of water at its surface (and even more within its interior!), but where did all Earth's water come from? In this video, I cover all the hypotheses regarding the origins of Earth's water and how we study the potential sources of Earth's water and how much they may have contributed using isotopes! Hope you enjoy ;D

0:00 Water in the early solar system

3:07 Outgassing vs Impacts

4:24 Rocks containing water

5:21 Oceans in Earth’s interior

6:11 Where Earth’s water came from?

8:47 Isotopes for tracking Earth’s water origin

11:55 Another hypothesis

13:37 Water on other planets?

14:58 Why we care about water’s history

16:05 Complications w/isotope tracking

20:04 Where you can learn more!

Why Go To Mars If We Haven't Even Colonized Our Own Oceans?

Right now in history, major private space industry players like SpaceX are investing millions, even billions of dollars, into projects aimed at permanently relocating humanity into space. It's a grand and wondrous dream, one that has rightly captured our species' imagination for thousands of years, propelling us toward exploration and the quest for other forms of life.
All of this is magnificent and commendable, but if scientific curiosity is truly driving us, why don't we realize that right here, just a stone's throw away, on this very planet, there's an equally mysterious world to explore beyond the Earth's surface? What is that world? Well, it's the ocean depths!
Isn't it strange? Continents are teeming with human beings - currently over seven billion and rapidly increasing. Yet, even more surprisingly, despite all our technological prowess, humanity persists in crowding itself onto dry land, which constitutes just 29% of the planet's surface.
The rest is dominated by seas and oceans, where the permanent human population is precisely zero. Why? How can this be?
We have detailed maps with resolutions down to less than a meter for distant worlds like the Moon and Mars, yet all we know about the ocean depths is represented with a resolution in kilometers. Is that not surprising?
Perhaps not when we consider that there have been 12 men who have walked on the Moon compared to just 3 who have reached the deepest point of our oceans, the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,000 meters.

Of course, we can't use satellites to scan the seafloor because water is opaque to electromagnetic radiation. We need different, slower approaches like sonar. Still, it's a fact that even today, less than 5% of the oceans have been mapped with a resolution finer than 100 meters. But it's not just a matter of geology. We also know practically nothing about the creatures inhabiting these ocean depths.
Biologists estimate that after a thousand meters in depth, there may be at least 750,000 animal species yet to be discovered, many of them of considerable size.
It's almost certain that many of these species will go extinct before they are ever discovered. Yet, undeterred, we persist in seeking life among the stars...
Let's try to understand it together!

NASA Have Just Revealed The Truth About Skinwalker Ranch After Revealing This

History Of The Shermans, What Going On In The Skin Walker Ranch, What Did NASA Leak About Skin Walker Ranch. In the midst of the Utah desert, concealed in an aura of confidentiality, exists a location enveloped in mystery. This place has confounded researchers, alarmed the nearby residents, and stirred the creative musings of conspiracy theorists for many years. Skinwalker Ranch, a subject of quiet discussion for a considerable period, is seen as the epicentre of perplexing occurrences. However, a momentous revelation is on the brink of emerging, as NASA have just revealed the truth about Skinwalker Ranch after revealing this image. Their findings are truly astonishing. Join us as we uncover the latest revelations from NASA regarding Skinwalker Ranch, which are sure to evoke a sense of intrigue and fascination..

Neil Armstrong Breaks His Silence Before His Death And Reveals His Secret

Neil Armstrong - The Moon Landing. Renowned astronaut Neil Armstrong made history on July twenty, nineteen sixty-nine, as the first human to step onto the lunar surface, a defining moment in space exploration. Recently, an alleged long-held secret of Armstrong's has emerged, suggesting a deeper significance behind the moon landing, promising to unveil a new perspective on this remarkable event. Join us as we uncover the captivating story of the moon landing, Neil Armstrong, and this intriguing revelation...

10 Clearest Looking UFOs in History Caught On Camera

Welcome to Futureunity, where we explore the fascinating world of science, technology, and the universe! From the inner workings of the human body to the outer reaches of space, we delve into the latest and most interesting discoveries that are shaping our world. Whether you're a science buff or just looking for some mind-blowing facts, we've got you covered. Join us as we uncover the mysteries of the world around us and discover new frontiers in the fields of science and technology. Get ready for a journey. Please remember that our videos are purely made for entertainment purposes only. Our information may not be correct. Enjoy, but question and explore further

RELATED

Top 10 Insane Alien Encounters Confirmed by the Government

Aliens are real! Except you want to argue it out with thousands of people who swear to have encountered them. From shiny bright lights to spaceships that turn different colors every other minute, their experiences differ from one another. Those who have had these encounters seem to have no unique characteristic that is consistent throughout, except for their matching description of these beings and their crafts.

The Shocking Mystery of Crop Circles l What Do Extraterrestrials Want from Us? 

The Shocking Mystery of Crop Circles: What Do Extraterrestrials Want from Us?

Japan's New AI Love Robot FINALLY Hitting The Market!

US SECRET Airplane Is Declared REAL UFO!

US Air Force Has Confirmed That This Aircraft Is a Real UFO! It Has Plenty Of Extraterrestrial Technologies!
A unique aircraft that will completely change the centuries-old rules of aviation!
Created under the scrutiny of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, it has shaped completely new concepts for aircraft construction. The aircraft that has become the highlight of innovative implementations!

US SECRET Airplane Is Declared REAL UFO!

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Experts Investigate Houston’s Mysterious UFO Sighting

Experts Investigate Houston’s Mysterious UFO Sighting

Houston Mysterious UFO Sighting

For decades, the mysteries of the cosmos have captivated the human spirit, and UFO sightings remain at the forefront of this enigma. One particular incident that sparked intrigue and debate was the Houston UFO sighting of 2014.

On the fateful night of August 11th, 2014, the night sky over Houston was lit not just by flashes of lightning but also by a perplexing anomaly. A resident, attempting to capture the building storm, inadvertently filmed a hovering circle of lights that took the online community by storm. For many, this added another intriguing chapter to Houston’s storied relationship with the unknown.

At the first glance, this captivating footage seemed irrefutable evidence of extraterrestrial existence. With the object so clear and looming large in the sky, theories ran wild. One popular hypothesis proposed that it was merely light reflecting from noctilucent clouds – high-altitude clouds known for their unusual glowing effects. Others believed it could be an instance of the elusive ball lightning, a phenomenon that, despite thousands of reports over centuries, remains enigmatic. However, the peculiar circular formation of the Houston lights rendered such an explanation as unlikely.

As the speculation intensified, multiple witnesses came forward with similar accounts. Coincidentally, all these incidents occurred within a 30-mile radius of NASA’s Johnson Space Center. This proximity led to wild theories that perhaps extraterrestrials were spying on NASA or that these sightings could be connected to NASA’s secretive crafts, like the LDSD (Low Density Supersonic Desellerator). But the LDSD, designed to aid human travel to Mars, was unlikely to be tested over a populated city like Houston.

Months passed before a logical, earthly explanation emerged. The mysterious lights bore a striking resemblance to Houston’s distinct freeway street lights. The conclusion? A lens flare created by these lights. It was an answer that grounded the UFO speculation but showcased the intriguing dance between our natural environment and human interpretation.

Another curious incident in 2015 involved a milky rain in Washington State and Oregon. Reminiscent of a previous phenomenon in 1994, conspiracy theories linked it to potential germ warfare. Yet, the real cause lay in the heart of nature: a windstorm over an ancient saline lake in Oregon, which led to the peculiar rainfall.

These incidents remind us of the power of nature and its ability to mystify, even in our modern age. While the quest for understanding UFO sightings continues, we’re often reminded that sometimes the answers lie closer to home than we might think.

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{https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Pentagon says it's received 291 UFO sightings over past year: Warns some craft appeared to display 'unusual maneuverability' and 'high-speed travel'

Pentagon says it's received 291 UFO sightings over past year: Warns some craft appeared to display 'unusual maneuverability' and 'high-speed travel'

  • Pentagon's UFO chief told CNN his office is scrutinizing 'concerning' evidence that some aerial anomalies 'may be attributed to foreign activity' from US rivals
  • Pentagon vows 'to make significant progress' on undersea UFO database in 2024
  • READ MORE: US Customs and Border Protection quietly releases 10 UFO videos

The Pentagon's dedicated UFO investigations office has fielded at least 291 UFO cases within the past year, according to a report made public late Wednesday night.

Some of these seemingly advanced craft appeared to exhibit 'concerning performance characteristics,' the military's UFO investigators wrote, including 'high-speed travel' and 'unusual maneuverability.'

The report caps off a summer hot with extraterrestrial intrigue in Washington, where multiple government UFO whistleblowers have come forward, some publicly, some behind closed doors, with allegations of an illegal UFO crash retrieval program. 

The claims — which have included 'intact and partially intact vehicles,' exotic weapons programs, charges of witness intimidation and recovered 'non-human' bodies — are now being investigated by federal and congressional oversight authorities alike. 

While that new report concludes that none of 2023's airborne mysteries were the result of classified US programs, the Pentagon's UFO chief told reporters that a few UFOs displayed 'concerning' signs of being made by America's foreign adversaries.

In fact, the Pentagon UFO head said 'a lot' of these UFO cases have been referred to law enforcement and, in some serious cases, US counterintelligence investigators.

While that new report concludes that none of 2023's airborne mysteries were the result of classified US programs, the Pentagon's UFO chief told reporters that a few UFOs displayed 'concerning' signs of being made by America's foreign adversaries

While that new report concludes that none of 2023's airborne mysteries were the result of classified US programs, the Pentagon's UFO chief told reporters that a few UFOs displayed 'concerning' signs of being made by America's foreign adversaries

'A lot' of UFO cases were referred to law enforcement last year, Dr. Kirkpatrick told reporters, and, in some serious cases, to US counterintelligence investigators. Above a heat map of the UAP or UFO hot spots that have emerged from the past year of reports to the Pentagon

'A lot' of UFO cases were referred to law enforcement last year, Dr. Kirkpatrick told reporters, and, in some serious cases, to US counterintelligence investigators. Above a heat map of the UAP or UFO hot spots that have emerged from the past year of reports to the Pentagon

'I am worried from a national security perspective,' physicist Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, director of the US Department of Defense's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) told CNN in advance of his office's new UFO report.

'There are some indicators that are concerning that may be attributed to foreign activity,' Dr. Kirkpatrick said, 'and we are investigating those very hard.' 

The physicist — whose classified work prior to assuming leadership of AARO included stints with the Air Force Research Laboratory and the CIA — expressed fear that foreign nations may be designing espionage drones specifically to evade US radar and other detection hardware. 

'There are ways to hide in our noise that always concern me,' Kirkpatrick told CNN.

The annual report published Wednesday by Dr. Kirkpatrick and his team included a glossary to aid in the standardization of the once fringe topic of UFOs, now known professionally as UAP, for 'Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon.' 

The glossary defined 'UAP Threat' as any UAP that demonstrate a national security risk to military 'persons, materiel, or information,' in an indication of the priority AARO has given to intelligence and espionage risks posed by the phenomenon.  

Despite Kirkpatrick's statement that his office is actively chasing down possible foreign espionage cases, AARO's annual UAP report drew a more measured conclusion: 'None of these UAP reports have been positively attributed to foreign activities'

Despite Kirkpatrick's statement that his office is actively chasing down possible foreign espionage cases, AARO's annual UAP report drew a more measured conclusion: 'None of these UAP reports have been positively attributed to foreign activities'

In one now infamous wave of cases, following identification of a large white Chinese spy balloon last February, military officials identified more potential airborne surveillance platforms by readjusting the sensitivity of their radar system filters. 

'I suspect that filters on US systems had previously been ignoring things that were too slow, high, or small to be considered threats,' RAND Corporation senior technical analyst and former US Navy aviator Brynn Tannehill told Wired that month.

'Now that the parameters on the filters have been adjusted, we're seeing more of what was already there for the past few years.'

Those adjustments to US military radar's noise reduction methods led to the identification of an object, first spotted north of Anchorage, Alaska, reportedly the size of a small car.

US Air Force F-22 Raptors and F-16s were dispatched by the Biden White House to shoot down the sedan-sized UFO and others spotted over Canada's Yukon territory and the Great Lakes north of Michigan. 

Despite Dr. Kirkpatrick's statement that his office is actively chasing down potentially similar cases, AARO's annual report Wednesday drew a more measured conclusion. 

'None of these UAP reports have been positively attributed to foreign activities,' according to AARO's unclassified report for fiscal year 2023.  

In addition to statistics on the typical elevations and locations at which UAP have been reported, the FY2023 AARO reported took pains to note the issue of 'collection bias' and its future plans to better collect space-based and undersea data on UAP.

'The space and maritime domains need to be fully integrated into AARO's processes,' the report stated.

Kirkpatrick's UFO office plans to work with the US Navy and the National Intelligence Manager for Military Integration (NIM-MIL) to improve the speed and quality of reporting on undersea UAP or sea-to-air transmedium UAP.

'Collaboration with Space Force, US Space Command, NRO [the National Reconnaissance Office, which oversees US spy satellites] and NASA is well underway,' AARO said in the report.

In a nod to NASA's own UAP advisory panel, the report made numerous references to the need to better calibrate, or prepare and standardize, military sensors in an effort to obtain the kind of reliable and comparable data needed to investigate UAP.

Despite the ostensible openness and promises detailed in AARO's report, many longtime civilian UFO researchers, expressed concern that the office has overseen a retrenchment in transparency on the topic.  

At least one longtime UFO researcher, government open records advocate John Greenewald, Jr., described the Pentagon's new policies as 'a weird mixture' of 'increased excessive secrecy surrounding UAP' and 'preaching about 'transparency.''

Greenewald has noted new difficulties in obtaining government records on UFOs via the US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in the years since the creation of dedicated UAP investigative mandates internally within the Pentagon. 

He flagged one comment from the new AARO report as particularly worrisome,  which stated the belief that 'most UAP will likely resolve to ordinary phenomena.'

'AARO's, and subsequently the DoD's, position is once data is fine tuned and proper, most - if not all - UAP cases will resolve to simply being 'ordinary,'' Greenewald posted to X (formerly Twitter).

'This is exactly how Project Blue Book progressed and then ended,' he said, in reference to the US Air Force's Cold War-era UFO investigation program.

'They concluded the majority were explainable; they convened a panel of scientists to independently look at the findings; and it all ended with the military halting interest and stopping all funding for more than 40 years,' Greenewald said.

Have YOU seen one? The Pentagon reveals what the most commonly reported UFO looks like

Ever since the first sighting more than 75 years ago, popular culture has usually depicted a UFO as a flying saucer emitting a powerful halo of light.

But that could finally change following the official release of information from the Pentagon about the mysterious aerial phenomena. 

The new Department of Defense document reveals characteristics of the typical UFO, including the colour and the shape, velocity, and flight level

The new Department of Defense document reveals characteristics of the typical UFO, including the colour and the shape, velocity, and flight level 

Based on clues from reported sightings, the typical UFO has a round shape, usually described as spherical or an orb, with a white or silver colour, often translucent. 

It also has a size of between 3 and 13 feet (1 to 4 metres) and usually travels through the air at a height just below commercial passenger planes. 

The Pentagon has also released a hotspot map that reveals the location of reported UFO sightings, including Japan and the Middle East. 

Read more here. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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NASA sun probe becomes the fastest man-made object in history after traveling nearly 400,000mph over the solar surface

NASA sun probe becomes the fastest man-made object in history after traveling nearly 400,000mph over the solar surface

A NASA probe has become the fastest man-made object in history.

The Parker Solar Probe, which investigates our sun, hit a record speed of  394,736 miles per hour (mph) last month, twice as fast as a bolt of lightning or 200 times the speed of a rifle bullet.

The achievement was made during its 17th sun swing on September 27, breaking its distance record by skimming just 4.51 million from the solar surface.

The Parker Solar Probe will spend the next week finishing off data transmissions back to Earth from this last encounter, which focused on recording solar winds' properties, structure, and behavior.

The Parker Solar Probe, which investigates our sun, hit a record speed of 394,736 miles per hour (mph) last month, twice as fast as a bolt of lightning or 200 times the speed of a rifle bullet

The Parker Solar Probe, which investigates our sun, hit a record speed of 394,736 miles per hour (mph) last month, twice as fast as a bolt of lightning or 200 times the speed of a rifle bullet

The spacecraft entered the encounter in good health,' Michael Buckley of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory reported in a post to NASA's blog, 'with all systems operating normally.'

Since the Parker probe's launch in 2018, a team of roughly a dozen physicists, engineers and support staff at Johns Hopkins have managed the NASA mission, including the initial design and construction of the $1.5 billion spacecraft.

The record-setting and lightning-fast craft has been 'sending a stream of telemetry (status data)' back to mission operators at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, since October 1st.

The probe's latest speed milestone came thanks to a gravity-assist flyby from Venus, which is approximately 67,237,910 miles from the sun. 

Parker completed that 'Venus Flyby 6' on August 21, meaning it traveled over 67 million miles in just over a month.

In April 2021, NASA's Parker Solar Probe traveled through the corona on its eighth attempt, the spacecraft flew by structures called coronal streamers (pictured). Such a view is only possible due to the spacecraft's ability to go above and below the streamers inside the corona

In April 2021, NASA's Parker Solar Probe traveled through the corona on its eighth attempt, the spacecraft flew by structures called coronal streamers (pictured). Such a view is only possible due to the spacecraft's ability to go above and below the streamers inside the corona

READ MORE: 

NASA's Parker Solar Probe captures a STUNNING visible light image of 'Earth's evil twin' for the first time

The US space agency's probe revealed distinctive surface features such as continental regions, plains, and plateaus, as well as a luminescent halo of oxygen in the atmosphere that surrounds Venus. 

In April of 2021, the Parker Solar Probe battled temperatures of 2370F and radiation 500 times stronger than Earth's on its first confirmed pass through the sun's upper atmosphere.

Due to the sun's lack of a solid surface, the corona is where the action is; exploring this magnetically intense region up close can help scientists better understand solar outbursts that can interfere with life here on Earth. 

'Parker Solar Probe 'touching the Sun' is a monumental moment for solar science and a truly remarkable feat,' Thomas Zurbuchen, the associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said that year celebrating the probe's eighth solar flyby. 

'Not only does this milestone provide us with deeper insights into our Sun's evolution and (its) impacts on our solar system, but everything we learn about our own star also teaches us more about stars in the rest of the universe.'

Having completed its 17th 'solar encounter,' Parker has seven more sun-examining orbits planned by its mission scientists back home until the end of 2024. 

Its last act after those pass-bys will be an every-encroaching curve into the sun's atmosphere, recording solar winds data until the probe vaporizes in the heat. 

In its final moments, the Parker Solar Probe will become part of the solar wind itself - a 'sort of a poetic ending,' as one mission researcher, space plasma physicist David Malaspina, told Popular Science.

WHAT IS NASA'S PARKER SOLAR PROBE?

The Parker Solar Probe travelled seven times closer to the sun than any spacecraft before it

The Parker Solar Probe travelled seven times closer to the sun than any spacecraft before it

Nasa's Parker Solar Probe (PSP) will travel seven times closer to the sun than any spacecraft before it by the end of its mission.

It launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket on August 12, 2018.

The probe flew to the sun's outer atmosphere to study life of stars and their weather events.

It is hoped that Parker can help scientists to better understand solar flares — brief eruptions of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface that can knock out communications on Earth.

Over the next few years the probe will continue to make new discoveries as it moves closer to the sun, eventually making its closest approach in the year 2024, as it flies 3.9 million miles above the solar surface. 

The craft faces extremes in heat and radiation and will reach speeds of up to 430,000 miles per hour (700,000 kph) at its closest flyby of the star.

The craft's kit includes a white light imager called Whisper, which will take images of solar waves as the craft propels through them at high speeds.

To measure the 'bulk plasma' of solar winds — described by Nasa as the 'bread and butter' of the flares — a set of magnetic imaging equipment will also be stored on board. 


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Pentagon says it's received 291 UFO sightings over past year

Pentagon says it's received 291 UFO sightings over past year

The Pentagon 's dedicated UFO investigations office has fielded at least 291 UFO cases within the past year, according to a report made public late Wednesday night. Some of these seemingly advanced craft appeared to exhibit 'concerning performance characteristics,' the military's UFO investigators wrote, including 'high-speed travel' and 'unusual maneuverability.' The report caps off a summer hot with extraterrestrial intrigue in Washington, where multiple government UFO whistleblowers have come forward, some publicly, some behind closed doors, with allegations of an illegal UFO crash retrieval program. The claims — which have included ' intact and partially intact vehicles ,' exotic weapons programs , charges of witness intimidation and recovered 'non-human' bodies — are now being investigated by federal and congressional oversight authorities alike.

The Pentagon 's dedicated UFO investigations office has fielded at least 291 UFO cases within the past year, according to a report made public late Wednesday night. Some of these seemingly advanced craft appeared to exhibit 'concerning performance characteristics,' the military's UFO investigators wrote, including 'high-speed travel' and 'unusual maneuverability.' The report caps off a summer hot with extraterrestrial intrigue in Washington, where multiple government UFO whistleblowers have come forward, some publicly, some behind closed doors, with allegations of an illegal UFO crash retrieval program. The claims — which have included ' intact and partially intact vehicles ,' exotic weapons programs , charges of witness intimidation and recovered 'non-human' bodies — are now being investigated by federal and congressional oversight authorities alike.

While that new report concludes that none of 2023's airborne mysteries were the result of classified US programs, the Pentagon's UFO chief told reporters that a few UFOs displayed 'concerning' signs of being made by America's foreign adversaries. In fact, the Pentagon UFO head said 'a lot' of these UFO cases have been referred to law enforcement and, in some serious cases, US counterintelligence investigators. 'I am worried from a national security perspective,' physicist Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, director of the US Department of Defense's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) told CNN in advance of his office's new UFO report. 'There are some indicators that are concerning that may be attributed to foreign activity,' Dr. Kirkpatrick said, 'and we are investigating those very hard.'

While that new report concludes that none of 2023's airborne mysteries were the result of classified US programs, the Pentagon's UFO chief told reporters that a few UFOs displayed 'concerning' signs of being made by America's foreign adversaries. In fact, the Pentagon UFO head said 'a lot' of these UFO cases have been referred to law enforcement and, in some serious cases, US counterintelligence investigators. 'I am worried from a national security perspective,' physicist Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, director of the US Department of Defense's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) told CNN in advance of his office's new UFO report. 'There are some indicators that are concerning that may be attributed to foreign activity,' Dr. Kirkpatrick said, 'and we are investigating those very hard.'

The physicist — whose classified work prior to assuming leadership of AARO included stints with the Air Force Research Laboratory and the CIA — expressed fear that foreign nations may be designing espionage drones specifically to evade US radar and other detection hardware. 'There are ways to hide in our noise that always concern me,' Kirkpatrick told CNN . The annual report published Wednesday by Dr. Kirkpatrick and his team included a glossary to aid in the standardization of the once fringe topic of UFOs, now known professionally as UAP, for 'Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon.' The glossary defined 'UAP Threat' as any UAP that demonstrate a national security risk to military 'persons, materiel, or information,' in an indication of the priority AARO has given to intelligence and espionage risks posed by the phenomenon. In one now infamous wave of cases, following identification of a large white Chinese spy balloon last February , military officials identified more potential airborne surveillance platforms by readjusting the sensitivity of their radar system filters.

The physicist — whose classified work prior to assuming leadership of AARO included stints with the Air Force Research Laboratory and the CIA — expressed fear that foreign nations may be designing espionage drones specifically to evade US radar and other detection hardware. 'There are ways to hide in our noise that always concern me,' Kirkpatrick told CNN . The annual report published Wednesday by Dr. Kirkpatrick and his team included a glossary to aid in the standardization of the once fringe topic of UFOs, now known professionally as UAP, for 'Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon.' The glossary defined 'UAP Threat' as any UAP that demonstrate a national security risk to military 'persons, materiel, or information,' in an indication of the priority AARO has given to intelligence and espionage risks posed by the phenomenon. In one now infamous wave of cases, following identification of a large white Chinese spy balloon last February , military officials identified more potential airborne surveillance platforms by readjusting the sensitivity of their radar system filters.

'I suspect that filters on US systems had previously been ignoring things that were too slow, high, or small to be considered threats,' RAND Corporation senior technical analyst and former US Navy aviator Brynn Tannehill told Wired that month. 'Now that the parameters on the filters have been adjusted, we're seeing more of what was already there for the past few years.' Those adjustments to US military radar's noise reduction methods led to the identification of an object, first spotted north of Anchorage, Alaska, reportedly the size of a small car. US Air Force F-22 Raptors and F-16s were dispatched by the Biden White House to shoot down the sedan-sized UFO and others spotted over Canada's Yukon territory and the Great Lakes north of Michigan . Despite Dr. Kirkpatrick's statement that his office is actively chasing down potentially similar cases, AARO's annual report Wednesday drew a more measured conclusion.

'I suspect that filters on US systems had previously been ignoring things that were too slow, high, or small to be considered threats,' RAND Corporation senior technical analyst and former US Navy aviator Brynn Tannehill told Wired that month. 'Now that the parameters on the filters have been adjusted, we're seeing more of what was already there for the past few years.' Those adjustments to US military radar's noise reduction methods led to the identification of an object, first spotted north of Anchorage, Alaska, reportedly the size of a small car. US Air Force F-22 Raptors and F-16s were dispatched by the Biden White House to shoot down the sedan-sized UFO and others spotted over Canada's Yukon territory and the Great Lakes north of Michigan . Despite Dr. Kirkpatrick's statement that his office is actively chasing down potentially similar cases, AARO's annual report Wednesday drew a more measured conclusion.

'None of these UAP reports have been positively attributed to foreign activities,' according to AARO's unclassified report for fiscal year 2023. In addition to statistics on the typical elevations and locations at which UAP have been reported, the FY2023 AARO reported took pains to note the issue of 'collection bias' and its future plans to better collect space-based and undersea data on UAP. 'The space and maritime domains need to be fully integrated into AARO's processes,' the report stated. Kirkpatrick's UFO office plans to work with the US Navy and the National Intelligence Manager for Military Integration (NIM-MIL) to improve the speed and quality of reporting on undersea UAP or sea-to-air transmedium UAP. 'Collaboration with Space Force, US Space Command, NRO [the National Reconnaissance Office, which oversees US spy satellites] and NASA is well underway,' AARO said in the report. In a nod to NASA's own UAP advisory panel, the report made numerous references to the need to better calibrate, or prepare and standardize, military sensors in an effort to obtain the kind of reliable and comparable data needed to investigate UAP. Despite the ostensible openness and promises detailed in AARO's report, many longtime civilian UFO researchers, expressed concern that the office has overseen a retrenchment in transparency on the topic.

'None of these UAP reports have been positively attributed to foreign activities,' according to AARO's unclassified report for fiscal year 2023. In addition to statistics on the typical elevations and locations at which UAP have been reported, the FY2023 AARO reported took pains to note the issue of 'collection bias' and its future plans to better collect space-based and undersea data on UAP. 'The space and maritime domains need to be fully integrated into AARO's processes,' the report stated. Kirkpatrick's UFO office plans to work with the US Navy and the National Intelligence Manager for Military Integration (NIM-MIL) to improve the speed and quality of reporting on undersea UAP or sea-to-air transmedium UAP. 'Collaboration with Space Force, US Space Command, NRO [the National Reconnaissance Office, which oversees US spy satellites] and NASA is well underway,' AARO said in the report. In a nod to NASA's own UAP advisory panel, the report made numerous references to the need to better calibrate, or prepare and standardize, military sensors in an effort to obtain the kind of reliable and comparable data needed to investigate UAP. Despite the ostensible openness and promises detailed in AARO's report, many longtime civilian UFO researchers, expressed concern that the office has overseen a retrenchment in transparency on the topic.

At least one longtime UFO researcher, government open records advocate John Greenewald, Jr. , described the Pentagon's new policies as 'a weird mixture' of 'increased excessive secrecy surrounding UAP' and 'preaching about 'transparency.'' Greenewald has noted new difficulties in obtaining government records on UFOs via the US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in the years since the creation of dedicated UAP investigative mandates internally within the Pentagon. He flagged one comment from the new AARO report as particularly worrisome, which stated the belief that 'most UAP will likely resolve to ordinary phenomena.' 'AARO's, and subsequently the DoD's, position is once data is fine tuned and proper, most - if not all - UAP cases will resolve to simply being 'ordinary,'' Greenewald posted to X (formerly Twitter). 'This is exactly how Project Blue Book progressed and then ended,' he said, in reference to the US Air Force's Cold War-era UFO investigation program. 'They concluded the majority were explainable; they convened a panel of scientists to independently look at the findings; and it all ended with the military halting interest and stopping all funding for more than 40 years,' Greenewald said. Read the full story: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-12650087/Pentagon-says-received-291-UFO-sightings-past-year-Warns-craft-appeared-display-unusual-maneuverability-high-speed-travel.html?ito=msngallery

At least one longtime UFO researcher, government open records advocate John Greenewald, Jr. , described the Pentagon's new policies as 'a weird mixture' of 'increased excessive secrecy surrounding UAP' and 'preaching about 'transparency.'' Greenewald has noted new difficulties in obtaining government records on UFOs via the US Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in the years since the creation of dedicated UAP investigative mandates internally within the Pentagon. He flagged one comment from the new AARO report as particularly worrisome, which stated the belief that 'most UAP will likely resolve to ordinary phenomena.' 'AARO's, and subsequently the DoD's, position is once data is fine tuned and proper, most - if not all - UAP cases will resolve to simply being 'ordinary,'' Greenewald posted to X (formerly Twitter). 'This is exactly how Project Blue Book progressed and then ended,' he said, in reference to the US Air Force's Cold War-era UFO investigation program. 'They concluded the majority were explainable; they convened a panel of scientists to independently look at the findings; and it all ended with the military halting interest and stopping all funding for more than 40 years,' Greenewald said. 

Read the full story: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-12650087/Pentagon-says-received-291-UFO-sightings-past-year-Warns-craft-appeared-display-unusual-maneuverability-high-speed-travel.html?ito=msngallery

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Pentagon UFO Office Releases Annual Report Documenting Dozens Of Sightings

Pentagon UFO Office Releases Annual Report Documenting Dozens Of Sightings

Story by Douglas Charles  
triangle ufo in night sky
triangle ufo in night sky
© iStockphoto

The latest Pentagon UFO report reveals 274 different sightings of UAPs (unidentified aerial phenomena) between August 31, 2022 and April 30, 2023, and 291 reports in total.

Sean Kirkpatrick, Director of the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) at the Pentagon, also reported to CNN that his organization has received approximately 800 reports of UFOs in total since it was established in July of 2022.

According to the Pentagon UFO report, “a very small percentage” of the sightings that have been reported have “unknown morphologies.”

However, there were some UFO reports in which the objects showed “concerning performance characteristics” with capabilities such as “high-speed travel” and “unusual maneuverability.”

Much of the reporting of UFOs, as has been typical over the years, seems to occur over military airspace.

Also, like NASA’s 33-page UFO report, issued in September, the AARO report states that a large amount of UFO sightings (approximately 25 percent) involved objects that were characterized as orbs, round, or spherical in shape.

In 53 percent of cases, the UFO sightings were unable to determine a shape, six percent were said to be “irregular,” four percent said the objects were “oval-shaped,” four percent said the UFOs were either discs or rectangular, and two percent claimed what they saw was cylindrical or triangular in shape.

Lawmakers in Washington are expected to receive further access to classified UFO documents before the end of the year, according to Congressman Tim Burchett.

“It’ll be before Christmas, I believe, is what we’ve heard,” Burchett told Elizabeth Vargas on NewsNation this week. “It’s coming up here, I believe, in the next couple of weeks from what I understand, but all those things are kind of subjective to what’s going on elsewhere in Washington. I would hope we could get in there because a lot of people are asking.”

Burchett added, “People are very nervous, and they should be, at the Pentagon. Because they’ve been covering this thing up since 1947. And now, all of a sudden, hey, 55% of America believes that there’s something else out there. A major news network like yourself is covering this, so they realize there’s money available, they want us to study it now. All I say is, bring out the documents, let the American public decide.”

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InSight’s Largest Marsquake Was Likely Caused by Geological Processes, Study Says

InSight’s Largest Marsquake Was Likely Caused by Geological Processes, Study Says

During its time on Mars, NASA’s InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) lander recorded over 1,300 seismic events, known as marsquakes. Of these, a number were identified as coming from meteoroid impact cratering events on the planet’s surface. The largest event identified by InSight, labeled S1222a, bore some similarities to two large impact events recorded earlier in the mission. In order to investigate whether the S1222a event might also have been caused by an impact event, planetary scientists from the University of Oxford and elsewhere undertook a comprehensive search of the region in which the S1222a marsquake occurred. The researchers did not identify any fresh craters in the area, implying that the marsquake was likely caused by geological processes.

An artist’s impression of the InSight lander on Mars. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech.

An artist’s impression of the InSight lander on Mars.

Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech.

On May 4, 2022, InSight recorded the seismic waves from an event on Mars of magnitude 4.7.

This event, labeled S1222a in the catalog, was the largest of the mission and displayed characteristics spanning all previously identified marsquake families. The event also displayed clear evidence of surface waves.

Because its seismic signal was similar to previous quakes known to be caused by meteoroid impacts, the InSight team believed that S1222a might have been caused by an impact as well, and launched an international search for a fresh crater.

Although Mars is smaller than Earth, it has a similar land surface area because it has no oceans.

In order to survey this huge amount of ground (144 million km2), University of Oxford researcher Benjamin Fernando and colleagues sought contributions from ESA, the Chinese National Space Agency, the Indian Space Research Organisation, and the United Arab Emirates Space Agency.

This is thought to be the first time that all missions in orbit around Mars have collaborated on a single project.

Each group examined data from their satellites orbiting Mars to look for a new crater, or any other tell-tale signature of an impact (e.g. a dust cloud appearing in the hours after the quake).

After several months of searching, the scientists announced that no fresh crater was found.

They conclude that the S1222a event was instead caused by the release of enormous tectonic forces within Mars’ interior.

The results indicate that the Red Planet is much more seismically active than previously thought.

This spectrogram shows the magnitude 5 marsquake discovered by NASA’s InSight lander on May 4, 2022. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / ETH Zurich.

This spectrogram shows the magnitude 5 marsquake discovered by NASA’s InSight lander on May 4, 2022.

Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / ETH Zurich.

“We still think that Mars doesn’t have any active plate tectonics today, so this event was likely caused by the release of stress within Mars’ crust,” Dr. Fernando said.

“These stresses are the result of billions of years of evolution; including the cooling and shrinking of different parts of the planet at different rates.”

“We still do not fully understand why some parts of the planet seem to have higher stresses than others, but results like these help us to investigate further.”

“One day, this information may help us to understand where it would be safe for humans to live on Mars and where you might want to avoid!”

“This experiment shows how important it is to maintain a diverse set of instruments at Mars, and we are very glad to have played our part in completing the multi-instrumental and international approach of this study,” said Dr. Daniela Tirsch, science coordinator for the High Resolution Stereo Camera on board ESA’s Mars Express spacecraft.

“We are willing to collaborate with scientists around the world to share and apply this scientific data to get more knowledge about Mars, and are proud to have provided data from the color imagers on Tianwen-1 to contribute to this effort,” said Dr. Jianjun Liu, an astronomer at the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

“This has been a great opportunity for me to collaborate with the InSight team, as well as with individuals from other major missions dedicated to the study of Mars,” said Dr. Dimitra Atri, group leader for Mars at New York University Abu Dhabi and contributor of data from UAE’s Hope spacecraft.

“This really is the golden age of Mars exploration!”

Spectrogram shows the largest quake ever detected on another planet

This seismogram shows the largest quake ever detected on another planet. Estimated at magnitude 5, this quake was discovered by NASA’s InSight lander on May 4, 2022, the 1,222 Martian day, or sol, of the mission. 
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

InSight’s domed Wind and Thermal Shield covers the lander’s seismometer

InSight’s domed Wind and Thermal Shield covers the lander’s seismometer, called Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure, or SEIS. The image was taken on the 110th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. 
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

  • The results appear in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
  • Benjamin Fernando et al. 2023. A Tectonic Origin for the Largest Marsquake Observed by InSight. Geophysical Research Letters 50 (20): e2023GL103619; doi: 10.1029/2023GL103619

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Planetary Researchers Probe Origin of Complex Organics on Ceres

Planetary Researchers Probe Origin of Complex Organics on Ceres

How aliphatic organic compounds originated on the dwarf planet Ceres has been the subject of intensive research since their discovery by NASA’s Dawn mission in 2017. Some studies have concluded that a comet or other organic-rich impactor delivered them to Ceres; others indicate the molecules formed on the dwarf planet after its primordial materials were altered by briny water. New research led by Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory planetary scientists is extending our understanding of how impacts have affected Ceres’ aliphatic molecules and what the implications are for determining their origin and assessing the dwarf planet’s habitability.

This false-color image shows the dwarf planet Ceres. Scientists use false color to examine differences in surface materials. The color blue on Ceres is generally associated with bright material, found in more than 130 locations, and seems to be consistent with salts. Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA / MPS / DLR / IDA.

This false-color image shows the dwarf planet Ceres. Scientists use false color to examine differences in surface materials. The color blue on Ceres is generally associated with bright material, found in more than 130 locations, and seems to be consistent with salts.

Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA / MPS / DLR / IDA.

“The organics were initially detected in the vicinity of a large impact crater, which is what motivated us to look at how impacts affect these organics,” said lead author Dr. Terik Daly, a planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.

“Although researchers have performed impact and shock experiments on various types of organics in the past, what was missing was a study dedicated to the type of organics detected on Ceres using the same type of analytical method used by the Dawn spacecraft to detect them.”

Dr. Daly and colleagues conducted a series of experiments at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range.

The experiments mimicked the impact conditions typical of Ceres, with impact speeds ranging between 2-6 km/s (4,400-13,000 mph) and impact angles varying between 15 and 90 degrees relative to horizontal.

The authors also conducted a new analysis that combined data from two different instruments — the camera and the imaging spectrometer that flew on the Dawn spacecraft — and then used an algorithm to extrapolate the compositional information from the spectrometer down to the camera’s higher spatial resolution.

The results allowed them to investigate the organics at finer detail than has previously been possible.

“People had looked at the Dawn camera data and the Dawn spectrometer data separately, but no one else had taken the approach our team used to extrapolate the data from one instrument to another, which provided new leverage in our search to map and understand the origin of organics on Ceres,” said co-author Dr. Jessica Sunshine, an astronomer at the University of Maryland.

“By capitalizing on the strengths of two different datasets collected over Ceres, we’ve been able to map potential organic-rich areas on Ceres at higher resolution,” said Dr. Juan Rizos, an astrophysicist at the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia.

“We can see a very good correlation of organics with units from older impacts and with other minerals like carbonates that also indicate the presence of water.”

“While the origin of the organics remains poorly understood, we now have good evidence that they formed in Ceres and likely in the presence of water.”

“There is a possibility that a large interior reservoir of organics may be found inside Ceres. So, from my perspective, that result increases the astrobiological potential of Ceres.”

The researchers hope the results from NASA’s Lucy mission will soon shed more light on organics in the Solar System.

“We will likely find differences, as the Trojan asteroids have experienced very different impact histories from Ceres, and because there are two compositionally different types of Trojan asteroids,” Dr. Sunshine said.

“Comparisons to Ceres will help up us understand the distribution of organics in the outer Solar System.”

  • The scientists present their findings today at the Geological Society of America’s GSA Connects 2023 meeting.
  • R. Terik Daly et al. 2023. The effects of impacts on the reflectance spectra of aliphatic organics: implications for Ceres. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 55 (6): 153-1; doi: 10.1130/abs/2023AM-392730

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Admiral’s Bombshell: UFOs Beneath Our Oceans!

Admiral’s Bombshell: UFOs Beneath Our Oceans! 

Underwater UFOs

In an era where every smartphone is equipped with a camera and social media platforms are rife with shared content, “UFO sightings” have risen to a level of prominence never seen before. Yet, while grainy images and shaky footage often dominate UFO discussion boards, an increasing number of credible professionals are turning their attention to the sky, and beneath the ocean’s waves, in search of answers.

Uncharted Waters: UFOs Beneath the Sea?

We’re all familiar with tales of mysterious flying objects zipping through the sky, but what about those that plunge into our planet’s oceans? Recent revelations suggest that unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs) may not just be confined to our atmosphere. Ocean scientists have come forward, detailing instances where UAPs transition from the sky and disappear beneath the water’s surface. These trans-medium occurrences are a new frontier in the study of UFO sightings.

The Ocean’s Silent Observers

Dr. Chris, an ocean scientist with three and a half decades of experience, expressed astonishment that more ocean experts aren’t delving into what he calls “the story of the century.” He described instances where submariners from the Cold War era reported inexplicable sonar readings—objects that moved in ways no known underwater vessel could. Another captivating account includes the USS Omaha’s radar operator, who noticed a USO (unidentified submerged object) speeding by underwater.

An Involved Scientific Community

But it’s not just anecdotal evidence that’s raising eyebrows. Research teams, like those from the Galileo project, are developing intricate collection systems, employing a combination of radar, electro-optical/infrared (EOIR), and acoustic means. These systems have picked up spheroid objects detectable only in infrared—meaning they’d be invisible to the naked eye. Such advancements underscore the evolving landscape of UFO sightings research.

Championing a New Age of Exploration

UAP Society, a recently founded organization, is taking the hunt for UFO evidence to new heights (and depths). They’ve announced a “UAP Video Challenge,” urging enthusiasts to share their ideas on capturing tangible UAP evidence. From sophisticated camera systems to innovative apps, they’re looking for fresh perspectives to shed light on these enigmatic phenomena.

Video:

  • Admiral Revelations: Underwater UFOs

UFO sightings are no longer just the domain of conspiracy theorists or science fiction enthusiasts. From seasoned oceanographers to dedicated research teams, the concerted effort to unravel the mystery of UAPs is in full swing. As technology advances and the world becomes ever more connected, perhaps we’re on the cusp of understanding one of the universe’s most intriguing questions: Are we truly alone?

RELATED VIDEOS

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NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels

NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels

Artikel van Redação  
NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels (Dan Bartlett // NASA – APOD)
NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels (Dan Bartlett // NASA – APOD)
© Aangeboden door Tech Break

Astronomen en ruimteliefhebbers hebben de kans om dagelijks naar de bijzonderheden van het heelal te kijken dankzij de “Astronomische Foto van de Dag” van de NASA. Op de afbeelding van vandaag (20 oktober) kun je het exacte moment zien waarop een komeet zich een weg baant tussen de sterrenstelsels.

De foto is genomen op 12 oktober onder de hemel van June Lake, Californië, Verenigde Staten, en toont fascinerende sterrenstelsels in het noordelijke sterrenbeeld Canes Venatici, ofwel de ‘Jachthonden’.

In de linkerbovenhoek van de afbeelding, op een afstand van ongeveer 23,5 miljoen lichtjaar, zie je het prachtige spiraalvormige sterrenstelsel NGC 4258, ook wel bekend als Messier 106. Direct boven en rechts van het midden, op een afstand van 60 miljoen lichtjaar, bevindt zich een ander spiraalvormig sterrenstelsel, NGC 4217. Opmerkelijk in deze waarneming is de komeet C/2023 H2 Lemmon, die in april is ontdekt.

De komeet vertoont een groene kleur en een gladde staart die zich uitstrekt naar de bovenkant van de afbeelding. C/2023 H2 Lemmon zal op 29 oktober het perihelium bereiken, het punt het dichtst bij de zon, terwijl het perigeum, het punt het dichtst bij de aarde, zal plaatsvinden op 10 november.

NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels (Dan Bartlett // NASA – APOD)
NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels (Dan Bartlett // NASA – APOD)
© Aangeboden door Tech Break

O post NASA benadrukt een fascinerende foto van een komeet tussen de sterrenstelsels apareceu primeiro em TechBreak.

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Webb telescope discovers a new 3000 mile wide jet stream on Jupiter

Webb telescope discovers a new 3000 mile wide jet stream on Jupiter

This jet stream is about 25 miles high and travels about 320 miles per hour.

This image of Jupiter from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) shows stunning details of the majestic planet in infrared light.

NASA, ESA, CSA 

NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has discovered something new in Jupiter's atmosphere. Above the leading clouds, a high-speed jet stream runs over the giant planet's equator. This jet stream is about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) wide and travels about 320 miles (515 km) per hour. It is located in the lower stratosphere, about 25 miles (40 km) above the clouds.

Discovery of this jet stream

The discovery of this jet stream surprises the scientists who study Jupiter's weather. They are interested in how the different layers of the atmosphere interact with each other and create the planet's famous storms and winds. The jet stream could be a clue toRELATED understanding these processes. The researchers' results were recently published in Nature Astronomy.

The research team used Webb's NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) data in July 2022. The camera captured images of Jupiter in four different filters, each showing a different altitude of the atmosphere. The images were taken 10 hours apart, or one Jupiter day.

De Pater noted that despite the observations made by various ground-based telescopes, spacecraft such as NASA's Juno and Cassini, and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope on the changing weather patterns within the Jovian system, Webb has already delivered fresh insights on Jupiter's rings, satellites, and its atmosphere.

Webb telescope discovers a new 3000 mile wide jet stream on Jupiter

NIRCam images of Jupiter/Multiwavelength maps of the equatorial region.

Jupiter is very different from Earth, but both planets have layered atmospheres. The other missions have observed the lower layers of Jupiter's atmosphere, with massive storms and ammonia ice clouds. Webb can see farther into the near-infrared than before and detect the higher layers of the atmosphere, about 15-30 miles (25-50 km) above the cloud tops. In these layers, high-altitude hazes usually look blurry in near-infrared images. But with Webb, they look sharper and more detailed.

Webb and Hubble data

The researchers used Webb and Hubble data to compare the winds at different altitudes. They found that the winds change speed and direction with height, creating wind shears. They also saw that some storms in Jupiter's equator were not connected to the jet stream.

Michael Wong, a team member from the University of California, Berkeley, who led the Hubble observations associated with the study, explained that the distinct wavelengths of Webb and Hubble allowed them to unveil the three-dimensional configuration of storm clouds. Additionally, they harnessed the timing of the data to track the rapid development of storms.

The researchers added some context to their findings by explaining that Jupiter has a complex pattern of winds and temperatures in its equatorial stratosphere, which repeats itself over time. They said that one of their team members, Leigh Fletcher of the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom, suggested that the strength of the new jet stream might be related to this pattern and that they expected it to vary a lot over the next 2 to 4 years. They said that they were excited to test this theory in the future.

They also said that Fletcher was amazed by their discovery, as he had been tracking Jupiter's clouds and winds from many observatories for years, and he expected to find such a hidden feature when they saw the new NIRCam images in 2022.

Study abstract:

The atmosphere of Jupiter haseast–westt zonal jets that alternate as a function of latitude as tracked by cloud motions at tropospheric levels. Above and below the cold tropopause at ~100 mbar, the equatorial atmosphere is covered by hazes at levels where thermal infrared observations used to characterize the dynamics of the stratosphere lose part of their sensitivity. James Webb Space Telescope observations of Jupiter in July 2022 show these hazes in higher detail than ever before and reveal the presence of an intense (140 m s−1) equatorial jet at 100–200 mbar (70 m s−1 faster than the zonal winds at the cloud level) that is confined to ±3° of the equator and is located below stratospheric thermal oscillations that extend at least from 0.1 to 40 mbar and repeat in multiyear cycles. This suggests that the new jet is a deep part of Jupiter’s Equatorial Stratospheric Oscillation and may therefore vary in strength over time.

Image: Jupiter’s Winds

A portion of the graphic that displays wind speeds on Jupiter at different altitudes. The portion of this graphic shows the ends of three arrows that travel across the graphic from the left to the right. The top most arrow (colored in sky blue) extends the farthest right to about 3/4 the way across the graphic, the middle arrow (colored in periwinkle) extends to a little less than halfway across the graphic, and the bottom arrow (colored in light grey) extends to about 1/4 the way across the graphic. Extending out below each arrow is a cone of the same color to indicate the +/- error margin. There is Webb's image of Jupiter in the background of the graphic.

Researchers using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) have discovered a high-speed jet stream sitting over Jupiter’s equator, above the main cloud decks. At a wavelength of 2.12 microns, which observes between altitudes of about 12-21 miles (20-35 kilometers) above Jupiter’s cloud tops, researchers spotted several wind shears, or areas where wind speeds change with height or with distance, which enabled them to track the jet. This image highlights several of the features around Jupiter’s equatorial zone that, between one rotation of the planet (10 hours), are very clearly disturbed by the motion of the jet stream.
Image : NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, R. Hueso (University of the Basque Country), I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley), T. Fouchet (Observatory of Paris), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), M. Wong (University of California, Berkeley), A. James (STScI)

While Webb’s exquisite resolution and wavelength coverage allowed for the detection of small cloud features used to track the jet, the complementary observations from Hubble taken one day after the Webb observations were also crucial to determine the base state of Jupiter’s equatorial atmosphere and observe the development of convective storms in Jupiter’s equator not connected to the jet.  

“We knew the different wavelengths of Webb and Hubble would reveal the three-dimensional structure of storm clouds, but we were also able to use the timing of the data to see how rapidly storms develop,” added team member Michael Wong of the University of California, Berkeley, who led the associated Hubble observations.

The researchers are looking forward to additional observations of Jupiter with Webb to determine if the jet’s speed and altitude change over time.

Image: Zoom in on Webb’s View of Jupiter

Jupiter dominates the black background of space. The image is a composite, and shows Jupiter in enhanced color, featuring the planet’s famous Great Red Spot, which appears white with light pink around the edges. The planet is striated with swirling horizontal stripes of green, periwinkle, light pink, and cream. Horizontally across the equator is a wide cream-colored band, whose height extends about 1/7 of the planet. This is the planet’s equatorial zone. The stripes across the planet interact and mix at their edges. Along both of the northern and southern poles, the planet glows in green. Bright red auroras glow just above the planet’s surface at both poles.

A zoomed in view of Webb’s Jupiter image.
Image: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, R. Hueso (University of the Basque Country), I. de Pater (University of California, Berkeley), T. Fouchet (Observatory of Paris), L. Fletcher (University of Leicester), M. Wong (University of California, Berkeley), J. DePasquale (STScI)

“Jupiter has a complicated but repeatable pattern of winds and temperatures in its equatorial stratosphere, high above the winds in the clouds and hazes measured at these wavelengths,” explained team member Leigh Fletcher of the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom. “If the strength of this new jet is connected to this oscillating stratospheric pattern, we might expect the jet to vary considerably over the next 2 to 4 years – it’ll be really exciting to test this theory in the years to come.”

“It’s amazing to me that, after years of tracking Jupiter’s clouds and winds from numerous observatories, we still have more to learn about Jupiter, and features like this jet can remain hidden from view until these new NIRCam images were taken in 2022,” continued Fletcher.

The researchers’ results were recently published in Nature Astronomy.

  • The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probing the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency.

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Webb Spots High-Speed Equatorial Jet in Jupiter’s Stratosphere

Webb Spots High-Speed Equatorial Jet in Jupiter’s Stratosphere

The newly-discovered intense (140 m/s) jet is confined to ±3° of Jupiter’s equator, is approximately 4,800 km wide, and is located in the gas giant’s lower stratosphere, according to a paper published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

This Webb image of Jupiter shows stunning details of the majestic planet in infrared light. In this image, brightness indicates high altitude. The numerous bright white ‘spots’ and ‘streaks’ are likely very high-altitude cloud tops of condensed convective storms. Aurorae, appearing in red in this image, extend to higher altitudes above both the northern and southern poles of the planet. By contrast, dark ribbons north of the equatorial region have little cloud cover. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / STScI / Ricardo Hueso, UPV / Imke de Pater, UC Berkeley / Thierry Fouchet, Observatory of Paris / Leigh Fletcher, University of Leicester / Michael H. Wong, UC Berkeley / Joseph DePasquale, STScI.

This Webb image of Jupiter shows stunning details of the majestic planet in infrared light. In this image, brightness indicates high altitude. The numerous bright white ‘spots’ and ‘streaks’ are likely very high-altitude cloud tops of condensed convective storms. Aurorae, appearing in red in this image, extend to higher altitudes above both the northern and southern poles of the planet. By contrast, dark ribbons north of the equatorial region have little cloud cover.

Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / STScI / Ricardo Hueso, UPV / Imke de Pater, UC Berkeley / Thierry Fouchet, Observatory of Paris / Leigh Fletcher, University of Leicester / Michael H. Wong, UC Berkeley / Joseph DePasquale, STScI.

“This is something that totally surprised us,” said Dr. Ricardo Hueso, an astronomer at the University of the Basque Country.

“What we have always seen as blurred hazes in Jupiter’s atmosphere now appear as crisp features that we can track along with the planet’s fast rotation.”

In the study, Dr. Hueso and colleagues analyzed data gathered by Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument in July 2022.

“Even though various ground-based telescopes, spacecraft like NASA’s Juno and Cassini, and the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have observed the Jovian system’s changing weather patterns, Webb has already provided new findings on Jupiter’s rings, satellites, and its atmosphere,” said Professor Imke de Pater, an astronomer at the University of California, Berkeley.

“While Jupiter is different from Earth in many ways — Jupiter is a gas giant, Earth is a rocky, temperate world — both planets have layered atmospheres.”

“Infrared, visible, radio, and ultraviolet-light wavelengths observed by these other missions detect the lower, deeper layers of the planet’s atmosphere — where gigantic storms and ammonia ice clouds reside.”

“On the other hand, Webb’s look farther into the near-infrared than before is sensitive to the higher-altitude layers of the atmosphere, around 25-50 km above Jupiter’s cloud tops.”

“In near-infrared imaging, high-altitude hazes typically appear blurry, with enhanced brightness over the equatorial region. With Webb, finer details are resolved within the bright, hazy band.”

Hueso et al. discovered a high-speed jet stream sitting over Jupiter’s equator, above the main cloud decks. At a wavelength of 2.12 microns, which observes between altitudes of about 20-35 km above Jupiter’s cloud tops, the astronomers spotted several wind shears, or areas where wind speeds change with height or with distance, which enabled them to track the jet. This image highlights several of the features around Jupiter’s equatorial zone that, between one rotation of the planet (10 hours), are very clearly disturbed by the motion of the jet stream. Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / STScI / Ricardo Hueso, UPV / Imke de Pater, UC Berkeley / Thierry Fouchet, Observatory of Paris / Leigh Fletcher, University of Leicester / Michael H. Wong, UC Berkeley / Joseph DePasquale, STScI.

Hueso et al. discovered a high-speed jet stream sitting over Jupiter’s equator, above the main cloud decks. At a wavelength of 2.12 microns, which observes between altitudes of about 20-35 km above Jupiter’s cloud tops, the astronomers spotted several wind shears, or areas where wind speeds change with height or with distance, which enabled them to track the jet. This image highlights several of the features around Jupiter’s equatorial zone that, between one rotation of the planet (10 hours), are very clearly disturbed by the motion of the jet stream.

Image credit: NASA / ESA / CSA / STScI / Ricardo Hueso, UPV / Imke de Pater, UC Berkeley / Thierry Fouchet, Observatory of Paris / Leigh Fletcher, University of Leicester / Michael H. Wong, UC Berkeley / Joseph DePasquale, STScI.

The newly-discovered jet stream travels at about 515 km per hour, twice the sustained winds of a Category 5 hurricane here on Earth.

It is located around 40 km above the clouds, in Jupiter’s lower stratosphere.

By comparing the winds observed by Webb at high altitudes, to the winds observed at deeper layers from Hubble, the astronomers could measure how fast the winds change with altitude and generate wind shears.

While Webb’s exquisite resolution and wavelength coverage allowed for the detection of small cloud features used to track the jet, the complementary observations from Hubble taken one day after the Webb observations were also crucial to determine the base state of Jupiter’s equatorial atmosphere and observe the development of convective storms in Jupiter’s equator not connected to the jet.

“We knew the different wavelengths of Webb and Hubble would reveal the three-dimensional structure of storm clouds, but we were also able to use the timing of the data to see how rapidly storms develop,” said Dr. Michael Wong, an astronomer at the University of California, Berkeley.

The researchers are looking forward to additional observations of Jupiter with Webb to determine if the jet’s speed and altitude change over time.

“Jupiter has a complicated but repeatable pattern of winds and temperatures in its equatorial stratosphere, high above the winds in the clouds and hazes measured at these wavelengths,” said Dr. Leigh Fletcher, an astronomer at the University of Leicester.

“If the strength of this new jet is connected to this oscillating stratospheric pattern, we might expect the jet to vary considerably over the next 2 to 4 years — it’ll be really exciting to test this theory in the years to come.”

“It’s amazing to me that, after years of tracking Jupiter’s clouds and winds from numerous observatories, we still have more to learn about Jupiter, and features like this jet can remain hidden from view until these new NIRCam images were taken in 2022.”

  • R. Hueso et al. An intense narrow equatorial jet in Jupiter’s lower stratosphere observed by JWST. Nat Astron, published online October 19, 2023; doi: 10.1038/s41550-023-02099-2

Discovery of this jet stream

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Huge alien structures in moon craters, NASA photos, UFO Sighting News.

Huge alien structures in moon craters, NASA photos, UFO Sighting News.

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Guys, this is just a sample of what I found today during breakfast. Think about what I can find by lunch time. These structures have a lot of right angles, similar to structures on Earth. They also have some unique colors to them, green, pink, dark blue and dark gold-orange. 
 
This is from a much larger map-like photo and I will make a few videos about it soon. I'm just blown away that NASA didn't discover these structures and edit them out. 
 
Scott C. Waring 
Screenshot%202023-10-19%20at%2010.06.20%20AM.png

Screenshot%202023-10-19%20at%2010.04.22%20AM.png

Screenshot%202023-10-19%20at%2010.04.14%20AM.png

Screenshot%202023-10-19%20at%209.55.42%20AM.png

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Mysterious UFO sightings over Florida and Colombia

Mysterious UFO sightings over Florida and Colombia

Two compelling UFO sightings have emerged; the first incident unfolds over SRQ Sarasota Bradenton International Airport in Florida, where a metallic orb defied explanation and the second sighting, occurring over the skies of Colombia, where a plane passenger while traveling from Bogotá to Salento captured an amazing footage of a spinning flying saucer. 
ufo%20sightings%20florida%20colombia%20(1).jpg

UFO sighting over Florida's SRQ Airport: 
 
ufo%20sightings%20florida%20colombia%20(2).jpg
The live footage captures a steady, silver orb hovering in the sky, its metallic surface gleaming in the sunlight. The orb maintaining a consistent position, defying the characteristics commonly associated with conventional aircraft. 
Some suggest that the object might be a top-secret military aircraft, while others lean towards the possibility of extraterrestrial involvement. The absence of discernible propulsion systems or conventional wings only adds to the mystery, leaving room for various interpretations. 
A Spinning Saucer over Colombia:
ufo%20sightings%20florida%20colombia%20(3).jpg

As if synchronized with the intrigue over SRQ Airport, another astonishing sighting occurred high above the Colombian skies. 
A passenger, en route from Bogotá to Salento, managed to capture a video of a spinning flying saucer. The footage, taken from the vantage point of an airplane, depicts the saucer-like object rotating gracefully against the backdrop of clouds and sky. There is much speculation on the origins and intentions of the mysterious craft. 
The Florida and Colombia UFO sightings add new chapters to the ongoing saga of mysterious aerial phenomena. Whether these sightings are the result of experimental human-made crafts or encounters with extraterrestrial intelligence, the search for answers continues...
   

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Nan Madol: The Mysterious Ancient Coral Reef City

Nan Madol: Ceremonial Center of the Eastern Micronesia: Pohnpei Island.

Nan Madol: The Mysterious Ancient Coral Reef City

Nan Madol is the only ancient city ever built upon a coral reef.  It is comprised of a set of almost 100 stone and coral filled platforms atop artificial islands separated by narrow channels and enclosed by an outer seawall. Nan Madol includes the remains of stone palaces, temples, tombs and residential domains.

Despite the enormity of the undertaking in building the city, no records exist regarding when exactly it was built, where the enormous rocks came from, how they were transported there, and for what reason Nan Madol was constructed on top of a reef .

A Globally Significant Masterpiece of Creative Genius

UNESCO has finally paid attention to the immense historical significance of Nan Madol, a mysterious ancient coral reef city off the island of Pohnpei in Micronesia, by placing it on the World Heritage List. Describing it as a “globally significant masterpiece of creative genius”, Nan Madol is an engineering marvel, but it has not yet given up all its secrets.

The ancient city of Nan Madol was built atop a coral reef.

( Dmitry / Adobe )

Evidence of the early human activity on the islands dates back to the first or second century BC, but it is not known exactly when the construction of the artificial islets started. Theories range from the 5th to the 11th century AD, when it was purportedly built as a ritual and ceremonial center for the ruling chiefs of the Saudeleur Dynasty. UNESCO dates the site at 1200 to 1500 AD.

However, uranium dating techniques completed in 2016 suggest it was built sometime between 1180 and 1200. This date means it is the oldest known monumental scaled burial site on the remote islands of the Pacific.

The Saudeleur dynasty was the first organized government uniting the people of Pohnpei island, ruling from around 1100 to around 1628 AD. However, this era was preceded by the Mwehin Kawa (“period of building”) and Mwehin Aramas (“period of peopling”).

Nan Madol was Originally the Reef of Heaven

The name Nan Madol means “spaces between” and refers to the canals that crisscross the ruins. However, its traditional name was  Soun Nan-leng  (Reef of Heaven), according to Gene Ashby in his book  Pohnpei, An Island Argosy .

The total area of the enclosure is 75 hectares. The foundations of the islets were constructed of huge basalt boulders , on which walled enclosures were built using columnar basalt in a header and stretcher pattern in-filled with coral rubble. Walls were as high as 15 meters (49.21 ft.) and up to 5 meters (16.40 ft.) thick.

The average weight of each stone is 5 tons, with some weighing as much as 50 tons, and it has been estimated that the total weight of the columnar basalt that makes up the city’s construction is up to 750,000 metric tons.

The walls of Nan Madol.

( robnaw /adobe)

Probable quarry sites around the island have been identified, but the exact origin of the stones used in the construction of Nan Madol is yet to be determined. No quarries exist in the immediate vicinity meaning that the stones must have been transported to their current location. What is even more incredible is that the builders managed to accomplish the task without pulleys, levers, or metal to aid in the process.

Legends of Nan Madol’s Construction

Most Pohnpeians still believe the legend that Nan Madol began with the arrival of twin sorcerers Olisihpa and Olosohpa from the mythical Western Katau. The twins were said to be much taller than native Pohnpeians.

The brothers sought a place to build an altar so that they could worship Nahnisohn Sahpw, the god of agriculture . The two sorcerers successfully built an altar at Nan Madol, where they performed rituals to levitate the huge stones with the aid of a flying dragon. When Olisihpa died of old age, Olosohpa became the first Saudeleur.

Historians and archaeologists have suggested that they huge rocks may have been floated via raft to the islets, however, the exact means of engineering with which the massive stones were moved from their distant quarries, over land and water, and erected on the reef complexes is still unknown.

According to UNESCO, Nan Madol represents a “globally significant masterpiece of creative genius” because it exhibits the most perfectly preserved habitation, leadership, and ceremonial plan of an architectural ensemble of the Pacific region. In a statement published on their website, they write: “The huge scale of the edifices, their technical sophistication and the concentration of megalithic structures bear testimony to complex social and religious practices of the island societies of the period.”

However, it seems that local authorities are not yet ready for the UNESCO status to encourage large-scale international tourism at Nan Madol. Concerns have recently been raised that the site is “more fragile than it appears” and that sustainable tourism is the only real option to preserve the site.

Huge stones were transported to the ancient city.

( bluesea / Adobe)

The Tyrannical Saudeleur Dynasty

Nan Madol housed the ruling elite caste of Saudeleur dynasty and was used as a political and ceremonial seat of power. As a means of control of their subjects, Saudeleur rulers forced local chieftains to leave their home villages and move to the city where their activities could be more closely observed.

The islets to the northeast, particularly Nan Douwas, were used for rituals and ceremonies, while over time all the seawall islets (nearly 60) functioned as burial places. Other islets were administrative and residential, and some served special purpose, such as food preparation, coconut oil production or canoe construction .

Rule was maintained by one man, the Saudeleur, at Nan Madol. The land, its contents, and its inhabitants were owned by the Saudeleur ruler, who leased the land to landlord classes overseeing commoners harvesting the land. The commoners were required to present the ruler with frequent tributes of fruit and fish.

The logistical difficulties of the site, which involved having no fresh water and no place capable of growing crops, were not a problem for the Saudeleur because the people of the islands brought everything that was needed.

The Saudeleur dynasty ruled the islands for more than a millennium, yet there is nothing left of them but legend and the crumbling black basalt ruins. There is no art, no carvings, and no writing. The only knowledge that remains is that which has been passed down through oral history by the Pohnpeians, who describe the Saudeleurs as deeply religious, tyrannical, and cruel, and the remains of their civilization are often viewed with fear and superstition by modern-day Pohnpeians.

According to local lore, the ultimate downfall of the Saudeleurs was their increasingly oppressive rule and centralized social system. The dynasty was toppled in 1628 by the semi-mythical warrior Isokelekel, who came from the island of Kosrae 530 km (329.33 miles) to the east, creating the modern Nahnmwarki system of tribal chiefdom that has existed in one form or another to this day in the island’s five municipalities.

Saudeleur dynasty tomb (mausoleum) inside walls of Nan Madol.

( Dmitry/ Adobe)

New Rulers and the Abandonment of Nan Madol

There is much variation among sources for the exact events before, during, and after the invasion of Nan Madol by Isokelekel; at least 13 different accounts of the war have been published and told by the Pohnpeians. In most versions of the legend, the Saudeleur ruler had become oppressive and its lords had offended the Thunder God revered by the Pohnpeians.

Thus, the Thunder God left Pohnpei for Kosrae, where he impregnated a human by feeding her a lime. This union produced the semi-divine Isokelekel, who in the womb knew his destiny of vengeance.

There are many accounts of Isokelekel’s battle with the Saudeleur ruler. In one version, Isokelekel's warriors are aided by hidden weapons that suddenly appeared. The tide of war reversed several times, but ended against the Saudeleur, who retreated with his army into the main island of Pohnpei.

Legend recounts that the battle ended with the Saudeleur lord retreating uphill to a stream, where he transformed into a fish and remains today. Isokelekel took the title of Nahnmwarki and assumed the seat of power in Nan Madol.

When the period of the Nahnmwarkis began, the new rulers at first resided at Nan Madol, but they could not depend on anyone regularly supplying them with food and water and eventually they moved back to their own districts, abandoning Nan Madol forever.

Since then local legends have arisen saying that the ruins of Nan Madol are haunted, and the site has received the nickname “Ghost city.” The strange tales associated the abandoned city led H.P. Lovecraft to make it the home of Cthulhu in a short story.

By any measure, the city of Nan Madol is impressive. The work required to build it was on such an enormous scale, yet the current inhabitants of Pohnpei live in humble grass huts . What accounts for this huge contrast? More importantly, how was the city built in the first place?

The fact that there are no existing records on Nan Madol means that we may never know the secrets buried within the walls of this unique coral reef city.

  • Top Image: Nan Madol - archaeological site on the island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia.
  • Source: robnaw /Adobe

By Joanna Gillan

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Unraveling Nan Madol’s Mind-Blowing ALIEN Mysteries!

 Unraveling Nan Madol’s Mind-Blowing ALIEN Mysteries!

Strange ALIEN Secrets of Nan Madol

Nestled amid the serene waters of the Western Pacific lies one of the world’s most enigmatic archaeological sites: Nan Madol. With its labyrinthine network of canals and artificial islands, the stone city rises majestically from the sea, seemingly defying the very laws of physics with its massive basalt columns. How could an ancient civilization have built such a colossal structure? The legends and mysteries surrounding this site make it a perfect backdrop for an epic tale.

A Sight to Behold

When adventurers David and Georgio first laid eyes on the towering walls of Nan Madol, they were left awestruck. Spread over a vast expanse, this site boasts an estimated 250 million tons of basalt stacked into immense walls and artificial islands. Some of the individual blocks are so huge that they would dwarf a modern-day car. David’s reaction perfectly encapsulates the grandeur of the site: “It boggles the mind… some of these blocks are massive, just massive.”

Many, like David, believe that Nan Madol might predate its officially recorded history. The awe-inspiring complexity of the site suggests a level of engineering and architecture that many think was not possible for the era it is believed to have been built in.

The Legends of Nan Madol

The people of Pohnpei, the island upon which Nan Madol stands, have passed down tales of its creation for generations. The most enduring legend tells of two twin sorcerers, Olopa and Osba, who were foreign to the island. These towering figures, with their vast knowledge and inexplicable powers, are said to have levitated the massive stones into place.

While skeptics might scoff at such tales, one cannot help but draw parallels between the legends of Nan Madol and those of other ancient sites. From the giant statues (Moai) of Easter Island to the mammoth blocks of the Great Pyramid in Giza, stories of levitating stones and otherworldly assistance are a recurring theme.

Extraterrestrial Theories

Given the seemingly impossible feat of constructing Nan Madol, some ancient astronaut theorists, including Georgio, argue that the site may be the handiwork of extraterrestrial beings. They base this theory on oral traditions, like the one that speaks of a “giant bird” – possibly a misunderstood piece of advanced technology – that flew the basalt blocks from their quarry to the construction site.

Such theories gain traction when you consider the baffling fact that around 60% of the basalt used in Nan Madol’s construction cannot be sourced to any known location. Furthermore, a recent revelation suggests that some stones might have been excavated from the top of a nearby volcanic outcrop, Pen Mik. The sheer inaccessibility of this location has led many to wonder how such a feat could have been achieved without advanced technology.

Video:

  • Ancient Aliens: Decoding the Strange ALIEN Secrets of Nan Madol

The mysteries of Nan Madol, from its awe-inspiring architecture to its enigmatic legends, make it a must-visit for any history or archaeology enthusiast. Whether the site was the result of human ingenuity, extraterrestrial intervention, or a mix of both remains a topic of passionate debate. What is undeniable, however, is the sense of wonder and intrigue that this ancient city evokes in all who lay eyes upon it.

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NEW U.S. GOVERNMENT REPORT DETAILS LATEST FINDINGS IN THE PENTAGON’S INVESTIGATIONS OF UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA

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NEW U.S. GOVERNMENT REPORT DETAILS LATEST FINDINGS IN THE PENTAGON’S INVESTIGATIONS OF UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA

A classified report detailing the Pentagon’s latest findings in its ongoing investigations into unidentified anomalous phenomena, or UAP, has been delivered to Congress, the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has revealed.

The 2023 Annual Report on Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena was presented to Congress by the DoD and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) on Wednesday, October 18, 2023, according to a Pentagon press release issued that same evening.

An unclassified version of the report, required by the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2022, as amended by the NDAomaly ResoA for Fiscal Year 2023, was also subsequently made available on the website of the All-domain Anlution Office (AARO), the official office within the DoD tasked with investigations into mysterious aerial incursions and other phenomena encountered by U.S. personnel which currently remain unresolved.
2023 UAP Report
Cover page of the 2023 Annual UAP Report, released on October 18, 2023
(Credit: AARO/DoD).

What follows are several of the key findings detailed in the unclassified version of the 2023 Annual UAP Report released late on Wednesday:

291 NEW REPORTS OF UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA

The latest UAP report primarily documents sightings that occurred between August 31, 2022 and April 30, 2023, with 274 of the reports having occurred during this period, and an additional 17 from previous reporting periods dating as far back as 2019, amounting to a combined total of 291 reports.

As of April 2023, AARO has reportedly been reviewing more than 800 UAP incident reports.

COLLECTION BIASES REMAIN, DESPITE BROADENING SOURCES

The report, while acknowledging the persistence of a “strong but shifting collection bias,” notes that the abundance of UAP reports AARO has received that occurred within restricted military airspace has been tempered somewhat by reports from commercial pilots which show “a more diverse geographic distribution of UAP sightings across the United States.”

However, even the broadening number of reports from commercial aviators AARO has begun to integrate into its dataset still conveys what the report calls a “U.S.-centric collection bias that will grow significantly relative to the rest of the world.”

NO ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH UAP INCIDENTS

The report says that none of the reports collected between August 2022 and April 2023 indicated U.S. personnel or other witnesses had suffered any adverse health effects resulting from their unexplained encounters.

“ODNI and DoD acknowledge that health-related effects may appear at any time after an event occurs,” the report states, “therefore any reported health implications related to UAP will be tracked and examined if and when they emerge.”

CONCERNING PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Some UAP reports involved objects that “potentially exhibited one or more concerning performance characteristics such as high-speed travel or unusual maneuverability,” the report states, raising concerns over possible flight safety issues that may result from UAP encountered by aviators. While acknowledging such safety risks, the report adds that “none of these reports suggest the UAP maneuvered to an unsafe proximity to civil or military aircraft” or posed any other direct threats to any aircraft or their crew and passengers.

NO EVIDENCE LINKING RECENT UAP SIGHTINGS TO FOREIGN ACTORS

The report also states that none of the UAP reports from the period in question have been directly linked to foreign activities by any U.S. adversaries or other state actors.

BETTER DATA IS NEEDED

Insufficient data from various sensors and other collection platforms “can cause observational misperceptions,” the report adds, noting that as better data is collected over time, “most UAP will likely resolve to ordinary phenomena and significantly reduce the amount of UAP case submissions.”

UAP REPORTING IS INCREASING OVERALL

The report states that reports involving unidentified anomalous phenomena are increasing, primarily due to what it characterizes as “deepening federal relationships and AARO’s ability to incorporate new reports into its adjudication and research process.

290 of the most recent batch of reports involved aerial encounters, while just one occurred “in the maritime domain.” There were no space-based UAP sightings during the recent period, nor were there any incidents involving transmedium phenomena that were observed.

AN ABUNDANCE OF SPHERICAL UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA

Among the most common shapes reported in the recent batch of sightings, about a quarter (25%) involve

Earlier this year during an April 2023 Senate hearing, Dr. Sean Kirkpatrick, Director of the DoD’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), said at that time that more than half of all UAP reports collected by his Office involved observations of objects characterized as orbs or otherwise spherical objects with white, silver, or translucent coloration.

“That’s what we’re looking for and trying to understand what that is,” Kirkpatrick said during the hearing, shortly before sharing footage obtained by an MQ-9 Reaper Drone in the Middle East in 2022 where a flying object resembling a metallic sphere could be seen passing through the air.

unidentified anomalous phenomena Diagram displaying common morphologies associated with unidentified anomalous phenomena in reports collected between August 2022 and April 2023 (Credit: AARO/DoD).

While more than half (53%) of all sightings provided no details on the shape of the objects that were encountered, 6% of the incidents involved “irregular shapes,” while 4% involved oval-shaped objects, discs and rectangles each comprised 2% respectively, while cylindrical objects and triangles each comprised 1% respectively. An additional 5% of reports involved what were characterized as “Ambiguous Sensor Contact.”

FEWER UAP DISPLAYED LIGHTS

Of the 291 reports from the recent collection period, less than a quarter (21%) possessed lights, while the vast majority (79%) appeared to possess no lights, or at least none were displayed at the time of the observations.

IT’S ALL ABOUT THE DATA

Intriguingly, the report also describes the data collection and analysis process as new UAP reports are acquired, noting that “AARO’s analysts scour multiple classified and unclassified databases to identify any existing data on each UAP case,” adding that investigations prioritize “technical sensor information that yields the highest quantity of pertinent, valuable data for review.”

HIGH SPEED TRAVEL AND OTHER ODDITIES

Based on the ongoing analysis of UAP sightings AARO has collected, the report states that “only a very small percentage of UAP reports display interesting signatures, such as high-speed travel and unknown morphologies.” Currently, most of the sightings AARO has collected involve objects that “demonstrate ordinary characteristics of readily explainable sources,” although a lack of data has prevented a large number of cases from being able to be resolved.

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Screenshot from a video filmed off the Baja California coast in 2004 depicting unidentified anomalous phenomena famously nicknamed the “Tic Tac” by U.S. Navy personnel who encountered it
(Credit: DoD).

“For the few objects that do demonstrate characteristics of interest,” the report adds, “AARO is approaching these cases with objectivity and analytic rigor.”

SENSOR CALIBRATION TO HELP RULE OUT KNOWN OBJECTS

Known objects, which include balloons, unmanned aircraft systems (UAVs), atmospheric events and other natural phenomena are all being considered in relation to ongoing sensor calibration efforts which are aimed to help rule out such objects or events, and offer future avenues for pilot training and algorithm development.

DECLASSIFICATION OF “FULL-MOTION VIDEOS” AND MORE

Notably, the report states that AARO is “working to standardize and routinize” a declassification process for the release of data and “full-motion videos,” adding that this process had been employed prior the public display of such data during Congressional hearings held earlier this year.

UAP BY AIR, SPACE, AND SEA

Within the report’s Appendix section, a new series of definitions is provided for UAP respective of the domains in which they are observed. These are Spaceborn UAP, defined as “Sources of anomalous detections above the Karman Line (i.e., 100 km above Earth’s mean sea level),” Airborne UAP, which occur “between Earth’s mean sea level and the Karman Line,” and Seaborn UAP, which involve “Sources of anomalous detections at or below Earth’s mean sea level within a body of water.”

Additionally, the report advises that integration between space and maritime domains into AARO’s current analytic efforts would be beneficial, though adding that “Collaboration with Space Force, U.S. Space Command, NRO, and NASA is well underway.”

ONGOING CONTROVERSY OVER UNIDENTIFIED ANOMALOUS PHENOMENA

The 2023 annual report arrives amidst widespread public interest in the UAP subject that has ensued since 2017, following a report featured in The New York Times that reinvigorated the debate over mysterious aerial encounters reported by military personnel.

More recently, whistleblower allegations first reported by The Debrief in June 2023 resulted in additional scrutiny of the subject, garnering attention from lawmakers over the possibility that the U.S. has maintained secretive programs for decades that may have involved the acquisition of exotic technologies.

The 2023 Annual UAP Report was also preceded by the release of new government documents in recent weeks detailing sightings of aerial phenomena that have occurred over sensitive U.S. government facilities.

Sandia

Sandia National Laboratories, one of several U.S. Department of Energy sites where UAP observations have been made in recent years

(Credit: DOE).

“Analyzing and understanding the potential threats posed by UAP is an ongoing collaborative effort involving many departments and agencies,” said Pentagon Press Secretary Brig. Gen. Pat Ryder in a statement following the release of the unclassified version of the 2023 Annual UAP Report, which appeared on AARO’s official website.

“The safety of our service personnel, our bases and installations, and the protection of U.S. operations security on land, in the skies, seas, and space are paramount.”

“We take reports of incursions into our designated space, land, sea, or airspaces seriously and examine each one,” Ryder added.

The entire 2023 Annual UAP Report can be read online at AARO’s website.

{ https://thedebrief.org/ }

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There are 14,000 Potentially Hazardous City-Killing Asteroids Left to Find

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BY ANDY TOMASWICK

There are 14,000 Potentially Hazardous City-Killing Asteroids Left to Find

Everyone likes a cool infographic, right? Does that statement hold even if the infographic points out a gap in our knowledge that could kill millions of people? Because that’s what a cool-looking infographic NASA released on October 16th does. 

One of NASA’s more practical tasks is commonly known as “Planetary Defense” – basically, it’s keeping an eye out for asteroids that could potentially hit the Earth and cause widespread devastation. Most people have heard about what happened to dinosaurs. NASA’s planetary defense side wants to ensure it doesn’t happen to us. 

That’s easier said than done. Asteroids don’t emit any of their own light, so usually, the only way to detect them is when sunlight reflects off their surface down to one of the various telescopes watching the night sky. Lately, there have been more and more of them that are specially designed to be asteroid hunters.

Fraser discusses how difficult it is to find asteroids

Those new telescopes have been doing work – the infographic points out that, as of the end of August 2023, there are 32,000 known Near-Earth asteroids. The effort to find and track them has been even more impressive – more than 405 million observations from amateur and professional astronomers alike have been submitted to the Minor Planet Center, one of the central hubs of NASA’s planetary defense strategy and a central clearinghouse for asteroid hunters all over the globe.

Now for the disturbing parts – of those 32,000 near-Earth asteroids, more than 10,000 are more than 140 m in diameter. By most common estimates, if one of those were to hit the Earth, it would be capable of wiping out an entire city. In comparison – the asteroid that hit the Chelyabinsk district of Russia back in 2013, shattering windows and injuring almost 1,500 people, was estimated to be at most 20 meters.

An asteroid seven times that size would be much more devastating and likely hit the ground. In contrast, the Chelyabinsk meteor disintegrated in an air burst before it got there. Placed in the right spot, such an asteroid could easily wipe out a city and, depending on where it came down, could potentially kill millions of people.

Finding the dangerous ones is the most important – Fraser discusses how with expert Dr. Ned Wright.

As of now, we aren’t aware of any of those 10,000 140-meter-wide asteroids that are on a collision course with Earth. But another number in the infographic is probably the most terrifying – NASA’s planetary defense experts think we haven’t even found half of the near-Earth asteroids of this size.

They estimate there are more than 14,000 140m diameter asteroids that we have yet to find. And one of those could well be on a collision path. Even more strikingly, they estimate that there are around 50 1km diameter asteroids that we have yet to find floating in the void of space. An asteroid that size could be catastrophic to civilization on a scale far larger than a single city, though still not quite on the scale of the impact that did for the dinosaurs, estimated to be about 10 kilometers in diameter.

The planetary defense community, which includes a slew of other organizations – not just NASA, has a lot more work to do to ensure the safety of humankind if these estimates are correct. But every little bit helps – even infographics that simply convey information can potentially inspire someone to join the hunt. We need all the help we can get.

Learn More:

Lead Image:

  • Infographic released from NASA regarding the current population of near-Earth asteroids.
    Credit – NASA

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If There Was Ever Life on Mars, this Ancient Mud Lake is the Perfect Place to Look

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This image of Mars shows a region dominated by massive outflows from the planet's Southern Highlands to its Northern Lowlands. All that sediment could hold evidence for ancient life, if scientists look in the right place. Image Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MOLA Science Team

If There Was Ever Life on Mars, this Ancient Mud Lake is the Perfect Place to Look

When it comes to Mars and our ongoing efforts to understand that planet’s ancient habitability, evidence is so far elusive. But scientists have an idea where the evidence is likely hiding: in sediments.

New research shows that an ancient mud lake is a good place to explore.

Where should we search for evidence of life on Mars? It’s not obvious, though regions with plenty of sediments are a good starting point. That’s one of the reasons NASA’s Perseverance rover is in Jezero Crater, the site of an ancient paleolake, where sediment deposits could be one km. deep. But there are many sediment-rich regions. Where else should scientists search to widen their scope?

“The quest for past Martian life hinges on locating surface formations linked to ancient habitability,” the researchers write in their paper.

One region that attracts attention is where massive outflow channels carried material from Mars’ Southern Highlands into its Northern Lowlands, to the east of Valles Marineris. Massive amounts of sediments accumulated in these northern lowlands, and that might suggest that it’s a good place to explore. But the authors of a new paper say that might be a mistake.

The paper is “Exploring the evidence of Middle Amazonian aquifer sedimentary outburst residues in a Martian chaotic terrain.” It’s published in Nature Scientific Reports, and the lead author is Alexis Rodriguez, Senior Researcher at the Planetary Science Institute.

Instead of exploring the region where the sediments flowed into, scientists should focus on the source of the sediments.

“Venturing into the northern plains for sampling could prove precarious, as distinguishing between materials sourced from the aquifers and those eroded and transported during channel formation could become an intricate task,” said Rodriguez.

Instead, researchers should focus on the Hydraotes Chaos region, a sub-region of Oxia Palus. Hydraotes Chaos might contain an ancient mud lake in the form of plains, and the sediments there could be hiding evidence of life.

This is the Oxia Palus quadrangle, one of 30 quadrangle maps that the USGS uses. There are massive, ancient outflows in the region which attract scientific attention. But a new study says an area called Hydraotes Chaos, in the yellow box, is a better target because its the source of some of the sediments. A new study suggests this is a promising region to search for evidence of life. Image Credit: USGS

This is the Oxia Palus quadrangle, one of 30 quadrangle maps that the USGS uses. There are massive, ancient outflows in the region which attract scientific attention. But a new study says an area called Hydraotes Chaos, in the yellow box, is a better target because its the source of some of the sediments. The authors suggest this is a promising region to search for evidence of life. Image Credit: USGS

“The plains, situated within Hydraotes Chaos, offer a unique glimpse into ancient aquifer materials. These plains, which we think formed from mud extruding into a basin directly above their source aquifer, provide a more targeted exploration opportunity,” Rodriguez said.

The vast flood channels stretching from the highlands into the lowlands are a region that’s so vast it’s almost impossible to explore. There’s also the complicated task of differentiating between sediments from different sources in the enormous region. The flat basin in Hydraotes Chaos could simplify exploration. “Unlike vast flood channels with their complex erosion patterns, this finding simplifies the examination of Martian aquifers, reducing the risk of overland sedimentary acquisition, and opens a new window into Mars’ geological past,” said Rodriguez.

This basin is more directly connected to Mars’ subsurface, and if the planet was ever habitable, its subsurface would’ve likely remained habitable longer than the surface. When Mars’ magnetic shield failed around four billion years ago, the surface became an inhospitable place. But simple life could’ve persisted underground, in the right conditions.

“Our research focuses on a sedimentary unit within Hydraotes Chaos, which we interpret to be the remnants of a mud lake formed by discharges from gas-charged mudstone stratigraphy dating back to nearly 4 billion years ago, a time when the surface of Mars was likely habitable. These sediments might harbor evidence of life from that or subsequent periods,” said Rodriguez. “It is important to remember that the subsurface of Mars might have included habitability lasting the duration of life’s history on Earth,” added Rodriguez.

This figure from the study shows Hydraotes Chaos (white outline), including the location of the proposed mud lake (black arrow). Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023/NASA.

This figure from the study shows Hydraotes Chaos (white outline), including the location of the proposed mud lake (black arrow).  Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023/NASA.

Mars’ surface and its geology is a puzzle that’s not easy to solve, even though scientists have made progress. Sometimes it involves some deep sleuthing, as in this research. The ancient mud lake isn’t where life persisted, but it’s intricately linked to where it could have existed, if it did at all.

Here’s what the researchers think happened in this region in Mars’ deep past.

The ancient mud lake had a source aquifer of mudstone directly under the lake. Within the mudstone, igneous activity triggered phase segregation, forming vast chambers of mostly liquid water that were several kilometers wide and hundreds of meters in depth. The chaotic nature of Hydraotes Chaos’ terrain suggest there were many of them, and that they were interlinked. Earth has similar features, but nowhere near as large.

This figure from the research shows some of the detail behind the mud lake's formation. Note the inter-linked chambers underground and how an igneous intrusion helped drive water and sediment into a subsidence basin, which is the mud lake. Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023.

This figure from the research shows some of the detail behind the mud lake’s formation. Note the inter-linked chambers underground and how an igneous intrusion helped drive water and sediment into a subsidence basin, which is the mud lake. Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023.

But all that water and sediment didn’t stay in the aquifer.

“Initially, biomolecules could have been dispersed throughout the volume of large groundwater filled cavities.” Rodriguez said. “As the water was released to the surface and ponded, the water went away leaving behind lags of sediments and potentially high concentrations of biomolecules.”

Potentially high concentrations is a good place to start, and NASA has taken note.

“NASA Ames is considering the plains as a possible landing site for a mission to search for evidence of biomarkers, specifically lipids. These biomolecules are extremely resistant and could have endured billions of years on Mars,” co-author Mary Beth Wilhelm of NASA Ames Research Center said.

The region holds other interesting features as well, and they’re also pieces of the Martian puzzle. There are widespread mud volcanoes and also diapirs, igneous intrusions of deformable material forced through brittle overlying rock. That gives researchers a glimpse of underground processes and structures without having to dig for them.

This figure from the research shows how what could be mud volcanoes (orange dots) and diapirs (white dots) are widespread. In both of these types of features, sediments could've breached the surface. The yellow box highlights the potential landing spot. Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023/NASA.

This figure from the research shows how what could be mud volcanoes (orange dots) and diapirs (white dots) are widespread. In both of these types of features, sediments could’ve breached the surface. The yellow box highlights the potential landing spot. Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023/NASA.

“In addition, the study region includes widespread mud volcanoes and possible diapirs, providing additional windows into subsurface, potentially habitable rocks,” said co-author Jeffrey Kargel, also from NASA AMES. “A small rover could within short distances sample the mud lake sediments and these materials, dramatically increasing the odds of biosignature detection.”

The region’s age also aligns with Mars exploration goals, and the planet’s history. The plains may be only one billion years old, meaning any biomolecules wouldn’t have been on the surface for three or more billion years like some other regions. That boosts the chances of finding any intact biomolecules, since the surface exposure would degrade them.

“Our crater counts indicate that the plains are relatively recent, returning an age of 1 billion years. This age is good news for our search for life. This age is way younger than the ages of most aquifer releases on Mars, dating back to approximately 3.4 billion years ago. So, the materials spent a huge amount of time in the subsurface.” co-author Berman said.

A small rover could visit many of these features without travelling great distances, and that’s always an attractive idea. The farther a rover needs to travel, the larger, more complicated, and more expensive it usually needs to be. There’s also more risk of failure, breakdown, or other problems.

The ESA’s upcoming Rosalind Franklin rover will land in Oxia Planum sometime after 2028, but it’s landing spot is far from this region. There are currently no plans for a mission to Hydraotes Chaos and the ancient mud lake. But the team has targeted a particular landing site for a potential mission to the region.

This image shows the region inside the yellow box in the image above. It shows the lobate margin forming part of a constant elevation contact, which the authors say is the lake’s inundation periphery. This region is a good landing spot because of its proximity to so many features. Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023/NASA.

This image shows the region inside the yellow box in the image above. It shows the lobate margin forming part of a constant elevation contact, which the authors say is the lake’s inundation periphery. This region is a good landing spot because of its proximity to so many features. Image Credit: Rodriguez et al. 2023/NASA.

Who knows how long or how many missions it’ll take before we find the evidence we’re looking for. Maybe we never will. But as long as we keep looking, there’s a chance. The better we understand the planet as a whole, the more we know where to look. This work points out what could be a prime location for exploration, but we’ll have to wait and see.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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The Combination of Oxygen and Methane Could Reveal the Presence of Life on Another World

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This artist’s impression shows the planet orbiting the Sun-like star HD 85512 in the southern constellation of Vela (The Sail). This planet is one of sixteen super-Earths discovered by the HARPS instrument on the 3.6-metre telescope at ESO’s La Silla Observatory. This planet is about 3.6 times as massive as the Earth lis at the edge of the habitable zone around the star, where liquid water, and perhaps even life, could potentially exist. Credit: ESO

The Combination of Oxygen and Methane Could Reveal the Presence of Life on Another World

In searching for life in the Universe, a field known as astrobiology, scientists rely on Earth as a template for biological and evolutionary processes. This includes searching for Earth analogs, rocky planets that orbit within their parent star’s habitable zone (HZ) and have atmospheres composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. However, Earth’s atmosphere has evolved considerably over time from a toxic plume of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and traces of volcanic gas. Over time, the emergence of photosynthetic organisms caused a transition, leading to the atmosphere we see today.

The last 500 million years, known as the Phanerozoic Eon, have been particularly significant for the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere and terrestrial species. This period saw a significant rise in oxygen content and the emergence of animals, dinosaurs, and embryophyta (land plants). Unfortunately, the resulting transmission spectra are missing in our search for signs of life in exoplanet atmospheres. To address this gap, a team of Cornell researchers created a simulation of the atmosphere during the Phanerozoic Eon, which could have significant implications in the search for life on extrasolar planets.

The research was led by Rebecca Payne and Lisa Kaltenegger, a research associate and assistant professor with the Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell University (respectively). The paper that describes their findings, “Oxygen Bounty for Earth-like exoplanets: Spectra of Earth through the Phanerozoic,” recently appeared in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. They have made the full model and high-resolution spectra available online, which provide a tool to plan, optimize, and interpret observations with ground- and space-based telescopes.

The study of exoplanets is currently experiencing a transition. With 5,528 exoplanets confirmed to date, and another 9,899 candidates awaiting confirmation, the process has been moving from discovery to characterization. This transition has benefitted from next-generation ground and space-based telescopes capable of obtaining spectra directly from exoplanet atmospheres. This is a process where light is analyzed using spectrometers to identify absorption features that correspond to different chemical compounds, thus revealing vital data about the composition of an exoplanet’s atmosphere.

This can be done using the Direct Imaging method, where astronomers examine light reflected from a planet’s atmosphere (or surface). Another method involves obtaining “transmission spectra,” where astronomers analyze light passing through an exoplanet’s atmosphere as it passes in front of its star relative to the observer (transits). Thanks to observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers can finally obtain transmission spectra from smaller rocky planets that orbit closer to their suns – where potentially habitable, Earth-like planets are believed to reside. As Prof. Kaltenegger told Universe Today via email:

“To date, we know of about 35 rocky exoplanets circling in the habitable zones of their stars. While at the edge of technical capability for NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope, analyzing the atmosphere of some of these exoplanets is now a possibility. But scientists need to know what to look for. Our models identify planets like a Phanerozoic Earth as really promising targets to find life in the cosmos, of course, that life by no means would have to be dinosaurs.”

Despite the plethora of exoplanets that have been discovered and characterized, there is a shortage of Earth analogs whose atmospheres are in various phases of evolution. This is particularly true of the Phanerozoic Eon, the current and the latest of the four geologic eons preceded by the Proterozoic, Archaen, and Hadeon Eons. This period was particularly important for the evolution of terrestrial lifeforms because of the many crucial developments that took place throughout. This includes the Cambrian Explosion, characterized by the appearance of most modern animal species in the fossil record.

The Pleistocene of Northern Spain showing woolly mammoths, cave lions eating reindeer, tarpans, and woolly rhinoceros. Credit: Wikipedia Commons/Mauricio Antón

It also included the Devonian, where countless aquatic species adapted to dry land; the Triassic and Jurassic, which began and ended with major extinction events (the Permian–Triassic and the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event extinction events, respectively); the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs; and the Neogene, where mammals and birds continued to evolve into modern forms, and the first modern humans appeared in the geological record. To predict what the atmosphere of this Eon would look like, said Kaltenegger, they created a model that combined established models with new atmospheric simulations:

“Our models simulated the transmission spectra generated by a planet with an atmosphere crossing our line of sight to its star, a transit. The planet’s atmosphere absorbs some of the colors of the starlight but lets others filter through, creating a ‘light fingerprint’ that scientists use to determine the atmosphere’s composition and whether there are signs of life in that atmosphere. Using estimates from two established climate models (called GEOCARB and COPSE), Rebecca Payne simulated Earth’s atmospheric composition and resulting transmission spectra over five 100-million-year increments of the Phanerozoic, the epoch when the biosphere diversified and forests became widespread, changing the mix of oxygen and other gasses in the air.”

Key to their simulations was the oxygen content of the atmosphere, which rose from about 10% at the beginning of the Phanerozoic (the Cambrian period) to 35% by the end (the Neogene). The resulting higher oxygen levels, they state, were arguably a prerequisite for the evolution of complex life – including the dinosaurs, mammals, and hominids (eventually leading to modern humans). Regardless, the “light fingerprint” their simulation produced would stand out even more than that of modern-day Earth because of the higher oxygen content.

“Analyzing the most recent 540 million years of Earth’s evolution, the Phanerozoic Eon, we found that chemical signatures of life in the atmosphere of an Earth-like exoplanet are more pronounced than for modern Earth,” said Kaltenegger. “During the Phanerozoic – that includes the time of the dinosaurs (245-66 Mio years ago), two key biosignature pairs – oxygen and methane, and ozone and methane – appeared stronger about 300 Million years ago, when oxygen levels were significantly higher.”

This artistic conception illustrates large asteroids penetrating Earth’s oxygen-poor atmosphere. Credit: SwRI/Dan Durda/Simone Marchi

This research is bolstered by another recent study led by a team from Dartmouth College (on which Kaltenegger was a co-author). In their paper, which recently appeared in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (“An Information Theory Approach to Identifying Signs of Life on Transiting Planets“), the team described how they simulated a range of transmission spectra to create an algorithm for identifying potential biosignatures on Earth-analogs. They tested this algorithm on three epochs of atmospheric evolution for Earth-like planets orbiting a range of host stars.

The resulting diagnostic tool, they said, can be applied to future observations to constrain planetary habitability. This research and the model created by Payne and Kaltenegger could have drastic implications for astrobiology by providing a template for finding planets in various stages of habitability. As Kaltenegger summarized:

“So for identifying potentially habitable worlds, there was a time when this fingerprint of life was even more pronounced than now – and it was during the reign of the dinosaurs. Thus, even though finding life in the cosmos is incredibly hard,  it just might have gotten a little bit easier than we thought. Jurrasic worlds  – with their large, complex life – might just give us the chance to find it a tiny bit easier. And who knows, maybe we get lucky, and there are other dinosaurs waiting to be found.”

Further Reading:

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Thinking About Time Travel Helps Solve Problems in Physics

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Physicists have shown that simulating models of hypothetical time travel can solve experimental problems that appear impossible to solve using standard physics. Credit: Yaroslav Kushta via Getty Images

Thinking About Time Travel Helps Solve Problems in Physics

Time travel. We’ve all thought about it at one time or another, and the subject has been explored extensively in science fiction. Once in a while, it is even the subject of scientific research, typically involving quantum mechanics and how the Universe’s four fundamental forces (electromagnetism, weak and strong nuclear forces, and gravity) fit together. In a recent experiment, researchers at the University of Cambridge showed that by manipulating quantum entanglements, they could simulate what could happen if the flow of time were reversed.

The research team was led by David Arvidsson-Shukur, a quantum researcher with the Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory (HCL) at the University of Cambridge. He was joined by Aidan G. McConnell, a Ph.D. student with Cambridge’s Cavendish Laboratory, the Paul Scherrer Institute, and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH Zurich); and Nicole Yunger Halpern, an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science (QuICS) and the Institute for Physical Science and Technology (IPST) at the University of Maryland. Their paper, “Nonclassical Advantage in Metrology Established via Quantum Simulations of Hypothetical Closed Timelike Curves.”

In the realm of quantum theory, entanglement describes when a group of particles are generated, interact, or share proximity in such a way that their quantum states become identical. As physicists have observed for over a century, these particles will remain in this state long after, even though they may become separated by vast distances (what Einstein referred to as “spooky action at a distance.”) This is the basis of quantum computing, where entangled particles are used to perform computations that are too complex for classical computers.

Illustration depicting quantum entanglement between particles. Credit: ATLAS Experiment

Whether or not particles can travel backward in time has also been the subject of considerable debate among physicists. While physicists have previously simulated models of how such “time travel” might occur, the Cambridge team took a new approach by connecting their theory to quantum metrology, which uses quantum theory to make highly sensitive measurements. As a result, the Cambridge team showed that entanglement can solve problems that otherwise seem impossible. Said lead author Arvidsson-Shukur in a Cambridge press release:

“Imagine that you want to send a gift to someone: you need to send it on day one to make sure it arrives on day three. However, you only receive that person’s wish list on day two. So, in this chronology-respecting scenario, it’s impossible for you to know in advance what they will want as a gift and to make sure you send the right one. Now imagine you can change what you send on day one with the information from the wish list received on day two. Our simulation uses quantum entanglement manipulation to show how you could retroactively change your previous actions to ensure the final outcome is the one you want.”

In their experiment, the team entangled two particles. The first was sent to be used in the experiment, while the second was maintained separately. The experiment then manipulated the second particle to effectively alter the first particle’s past state, changing the experiment’s outcome. To demonstrate the potential relevance of their experiment to quantum computing and other technologies, the team incorporated quantum metrology. In traditional metrology experiments, photons are prepared before being introduced onto a sample and then registered with a special camera.

Their results showed that the team can use time travel simulations to retroactively change the original photons, even if they only learn how to prepare the photons after reaching the sample. However, the team also noted that this effect was only observable in one out of four experimental runs, meaning the simulation has a 75% chance of failure. The theorists propose sending many entangled photons to counteract the high chance of failure, knowing that some will eventually carry the updated information.

This illustration shows the “arrow of time” from the Big Bang to the present cosmological epoch. Credit: NASA

They also recommend using a filter to remove the “uncorrected” photons while the updated photons pass to the camera. At best, said Arvidsson-Shuku, the experiment will produce the desired results a quarter of the time, which is tantamount to getting the desired “gift” one in four times. Moreover, if the “gifts” are inexpensive, many can be sent over extended periods, eventually leading to a statistically significant number of desirable outcomes. Of course, Arvidsson-Shuku and his colleagues stress that this is not “time travel” in the traditional sense:

“That we need to use a filter to make our experiment work is actually pretty reassuring. The world would be very strange if our time-travel simulation worked every time. Relativity and all the theories that we are building our understanding of our universe on would be out of the window. We are not proposing a time travel machine but rather a deep dive into the fundamentals of quantum mechanics. These simulations do not allow you to go back and alter your past, but they do allow you to create a better tomorrow by fixing yesterday’s problems today.”

The team’s research was supported by the Sweden-America Foundation, the Lars Hierta Memorial Foundation, Girton College, and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).

Further Reading: 

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{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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US Govt. Has UFO & They Can Go Inside It, Reveals Ex-DIA Intelligence Officer

Dr. James Lacatski UFO and its inside

US Govt. Has UFO & They Can Go Inside It, Reveals Ex-DIA Intelligence Officer

UFO expert Jeremy Corbell, accompanied by investigative journalist George Knapp, released a groundbreaking episode of “Weaponized,” featuring Dr. James Lacatski and Dr. Colm Kelleher. The episode revealed insider information that had never been shared before. Dr. Lacatski and Dr. Kelleher played pivotal roles in the operation of a UFO program funded by the US government for five years, with a total budget of $22 million.

Dr. James Lacatski is a retired DIA intelligence officer who set up the UFO program that ran from 2008 to 2010. In the early 2000s, he headed up the DIA annual missile threat assessment. He originally started the research out of concern that UFOs could pose a national security threat, specifically to U.S. missile defense systems. In the interview, he says the United States Government is in possession of a UFO and has accessed the inside of it.

In the interview, while addressing the events mentioned in the newly launched book “Inside the US Government Covert UFO Program Initial Revelations,” Dr. Lacatski clarified the differences between AAWSAP and AATIP. He stated that AAWSAP (Advanced Aerospace Weapon Systems Applications Program) was created in collaboration with Senator Harry Reid at the DIA, with a budget of $22 million and the capacity to run for five years, though they completed their objectives in two years.

He further explains that the name AATIP (Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program) was not created by him but was chosen for a specific reason, which he did not disclose. The need for a different name arose from a document that indicated DIA’s receipt of funding, with “secret” written next to the program name. To avoid potential security concerns, a different name was necessary. It is implied that AAWSAP was the original name, and someone in Congress may have designated it as AATIP.

Dr. Lacatski discussed some of the intriguing aspects of UFO cases and their various designs. He mentions how some cases involved people reporting seeing the same UFO decades apart, which raises questions about time and the nature of these sightings.

Knapp brings up a particularly important revelation in the book regarding a craft of unknown origin that the government accessed the inside of. Dr. Lacatski confirms that the book contains an exact statement of the event that occurred within a congressional facility. However, he could not provide further details due to security concerns. He clarified that the DOD reviewed the book for release, and the wording was approved.

UFO & Its Inside

In Chapter 9 of the book, Dr. Lacatski reveals that the United States government possesses a craft of unknown origin and has successfully accessed its interior. This craft has a streamlined configuration suitable for aerodynamic flight but lacks conventional features like an engine, wings, intakes, exhaust, or fuel tanks.

Corbell presses for further confirmation, asking Dr. Lacatski if the government indeed has a UFO in its possession and has been reverse-engineering it, to which Dr. Lacatski affirms, “Yes.”

Knapp follows up with a question about the nature of this object, asking how they know it is a craft and not just a doorstop. Dr. Lacatski hints that there is more to the discussion that day, but they cannot delve into those details. However, he does mention that it is described in the book as looking “primitive.”

Corbell questions why this topic is considered delicate, given that the United States government possesses a UFO and has been reverse engineering it. Dr. Lacatski explains that the sensitivity arises from the presence of adversaries and competitors who may be monitoring the information. He emphasizes that the government cannot say more than what they have been approved to share due to security concerns.

In fact, Lacatski asserted that there is no reason for humanity to fear potential non-human intelligence, provided that the human species discovers its full capabilities, stating: “If full human capabilities were known to us right now, it is not something that we need to fear.”He added: “Our capabilities have never been fully revealed. And we’re still learning; we’ve got a long way to evolve still.”

Dr. Lacatski then shifts the focus to the questions raised in his previous books, particularly “Skinwalkers at the Pentagon: An Insiders’ Account of the Secret Government UFO Program.” He points out that they have posed questions about why the program was started, why it ended, and certain unexplained meetings with high-level officials from other countries. He suggests that reading between the lines is crucial but warns that there may be multiple answers or no clear-cut bottom line.

“So the thing is, we can’t say anything more than what we’ve been approved to say, and there’s insight to this. But I want to shift it just slightly, but it shows my point: Skinwalkers at the Pentagon: An Insiders’ Account of the Secret Government UFO Program, if I might use the shorter title on this new book, has what I would call zingers in it. But it has some interesting doors that have not even been mentioned. One, why was this program started? Two, why was this program ended? And we’ve raised this partially, and Skin Walkers at the Pentagon, did it end? Also, we had a chapter in Skin Walkers at the Pentagon where we met with a high-level Brazilian official at a meeting started introducing some of our cohorts, and no one ever asked us, why did you have that meeting? What was so important about that meeting? You know, there’s a lot of material in there that, as Kit Green, Dr. Kit Green, one of our consultants on the asset program, said, ‘Read between the lines.’ That applies both to Skin Walkers at the Pentagon and Initial Revelations. Read between the lines. Now, you may come to the wrong conclusions, and I can tell you, on the topics I just read to you, you don’t have enough information to come to the correct answers

David Grusch is credible but there are forged documents

Corbell brings up the fact that former US intelligence officer David Grush testified before Congress, and many were hoping that Dr. Lacatski would testify as well. Dr. Lacatski responds that he does not know Mr. Grush and has never met him. When asked about the credibility of Grush’s claims, Dr. Lacatski refrains from making any definitive statements but mentions that he personally did not witness any illegal activities during his time in the program. He acknowledges that Grush’s claims are reasonable but does not confirm or dispute them.

Corbell probes further about Grush’s claims, particularly regarding UFOs and reverse engineering. Dr. Lacatski responds that he cannot provide any additional information on certain topics, including biological aspects, due to security reasons. “I can’t answer…no, that goes back to something that occurred, a similar question, very similar to your question. It wasn’t asked by you, but it was asked to Colm, and he said, ‘We found no smoking gun. That is the standard answer we’re to give,” Dr. Lacatski says.

Corbell expresses his curiosity about the reasons behind the secrecy and alludes to a sense of suspicion among the public. He speculates whether the reasons for withholding certain information might be dark or disturbing.

Read also:

Dr. Lacatski replies, “If you want my opinion on that, I see no darkness at all here. Basically, there were some considerable write-ups on the skinwalker at the Pentagon that our program was stopped due to religious concerns from the far right. Well, if there were, I knew nothing about that. I saw no evidence of that being true. But people can say whatever they want on the internet, apparently. And that was not, that was not—I did not witness any of that. And I think that that’s come up in some of these Congressional hearings.”

Corbell asks if David Grush’s information is considered credible by Dr. Lacatski, to which he responds, “I do,” implying that the information is credible. Dr. Lacatski mentions that Grush worked with someone he knows and trusts in the UAP Task Force, indicating that there’s a level of trust in the source. However, he brings up the phenomenon where individuals can genuinely believe in and talk about things that are factually incorrect.

Corbell emphasizes that Grush has talked about tangible and physical aspects, such as program names and the locations of UFOs, along with the involvement of individuals who worked on these “Legacy UFO programs.” Dr. Lacatski confirms the existence of Legacy UFO programs and mentions the presence of forged documents.

Dr. Lacatski mentions that AAWSAP has also faced similar challenges, with certain documents being misrepresented as genuine. He highlights the closed and secretive nature of AAWSAP, comparing it to the way SAPs (Special Access Programs) operate. Only a select few within the program were aware of its existence, and it was structured to limit exposure to external influences and political inquiries.

He points out that the documents that have emerged over time as forgeries have no official endorsement or validation. It is not clear why these forgeries were created, and Dr. Lacatski suggests that if they were part of a Counter Intelligence effort, it might not have been very effective. He emphasizes that their work is based on real, verifiable references.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

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Area 51’s Hidden Mysteries UNVEILED: Dive into Bob Lazar’s Extraterrestrial Odyssey!

Area 51’s Hidden Mysteries UNVEILED: Dive into Bob Lazar’s Extraterrestrial Odyssey! 

S4-AREA 51 SECRETS EXPOSED Recreating Bob Lazar

In the world of ufology, few names resonate as loudly as Bob Lazar’s. From claims of working on reverse-engineered extraterrestrial technology at Area 51‘s S4 base to revealing government secrets, Lazar has been a figure of fascination and controversy for decades. Now, an ambitious project aims to bring his stories to life through the immersive power of virtual reality.

Introducing Project Gravur: a unique endeavor led by Luigi Vatelli and his dedicated team. Their goal? To reconstruct Lazar’s experience at the S4 base, allowing users to walk in Bob’s shoes, so to speak.

Delving deep into this project, one uncovers the meticulous care that the Gravur team has taken. The representation is not just about the infamous sports model UFO that Lazar spoke of, but the entirety of S4—from hallways to briefing rooms and beyond. A standout feature is the recreation of the “sports model” craft. With exacting precision and attention to detail, Vatelli’s team has constructed a lifelike simulation, guided by Lazar’s own descriptions.

The project isn’t just about sights; it’s also about emotion. The aim is to humanize Bob Lazar’s story. To help users understand the thrill, curiosity, and trepidation Lazar might have felt in those hidden hallways, staring at a craft from another world.

One delightful tidbit reveals a fun aspect of the simulation. There’s a virtual death ray, inspired by one in Lazar’s Oregon lab, that can “burn a hole through anything.” While it adds a touch of levity, it also symbolizes the impressive technological feats Lazar has achieved beyond his time at S4.

Bob Lazar‘s journey with this project has been deep and collaborative. Vatelli speaks of a mutual respect and trust between them. The entire team, once skeptical, has grown to appreciate Lazar not just for his stories but as a genuine, down-to-earth individual.

Video:

  • S4-AREA 51 SECRETS EXPOSED: Recreating Bob Lazar’s Alien Tech Journey | The Richard Dolan Show

Scheduled for an early 2024 release, this immersive VR experience promises to be a groundbreaking addition to the realm of ufology and beyond. The film treatment, “Lazar: The Original Whistleblower,” will precede the VR project. Viewers can first understand Bob’s narrative and then virtually “become” Bob, exploring the S4 base on their own.

In an age where technology constantly evolves, the marriage of Lazar’s revelations with cutting-edge VR innovation might just be the next big step in understanding the mysteries of our universe.

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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UAP Over Sarasota Airport, Florida Oct 16, 2023, Video, UFO Sighting News.

UAP Over Sarasota Airport, Florida Oct 16, 2023, Video, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Oct 16, 2023
Location of sighting: Sarasota, Florida, USA
Source: MUFON
 
Guys, this UFO is very similar to shape, color and movement to recently government released UFO videos. This object was seen over the airport which must have gotten on radar screens, but did it delay any flights? This craft is awesome, the shape is oval and about the size of a car. Breathtaking catch. Also it's compounded by the fact it's near the ocean, just a few miles away. Most alien bases on Earth are under the ocean floor, since 75% of this planet is covered it water, its just logical aliens would choose ocean floors to avoid detection and interactions with humans. 
Scott C. Waring 

Eyewitness states:
 I was at SRQ airport waiting for my flight inside the terminal and I saw this silver orb outside. Thought it was a balloon at first but it didn’t behave like one. It stayed at the same elevation/altitude the entire time. It was so steady in its flight there was no way it could have been a Mylar balloon that would have reflected light in that way.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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The mysterious 'Fiji mermaid' examined by NKU students

The mysterious 'Fiji mermaid' examined by NKU students

The Fiji Mermaid, a mysterious creature housed in an Ohio museum for over a century, recently underwent examination by radiology students from Northern Kentucky University. 
fiji%20mermaid.jpg

The creature, a 3 feet long mummified, black-looking diminutive specimen was discovered with it's mouth open, its tail turned over, and its arms thrown up, giving it the appearance of having died in great agony, reportedly donated to Ohio's Clark County Historical Society in 1906 by a Navy sailor who obtained it in Japan, intrigued the students. 
The peculiar creature, featuring a human-like head and a fish's body, prompted the university's radiology department to employ CT scans and X-rays to unravel its construction. 
Contrary to initial expectations of a combination of a monkey and a fish, the scans revealed additional amphibious features, especially towards the hands. The university plans to share the scan results with experts at the Cincinnati Zoo and Newport Aquarium to identify the specific animals involved in creating this enigmatic creature.
   

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS (VIDEOS) - 18/10/2023

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS (VIDEOS) - 18/10/2023

Ruimtevernietiging | Waarschuwing voor ruimtepuin

Tegenwoordig is het probleem van afval in de ruimte een nachtmerrie geworden voor astronauten en ruimtevaartexploitanten. De hoeveelheid puin in de ruimte is de afgelopen zestig jaar gestaag toegenomen, omdat steeds meer satellieten in een baan om de aarde zijn gebracht en talloze raketten zijn getest. In 2009 kwamen twee werkende satellieten met elkaar in botsing, waardoor tonnen nieuw ruimteafval met een ongelooflijke snelheid in een baan om de aarde terechtkwamen. Dit soort gebeurtenissen creëert een vicieuze cirkel: elke keer dat er puin botst, wordt er steeds meer afval geproduceerd. Iedereen die betrokken is bij de verovering van de ruimte is nu gedwongen de afvalwolken voortdurend in de gaten te houden en in geval van nood hun werkende satellieten om te leiden. Maar veel satellieten zijn ‘vergeten’ en zullen onvermijdelijk botsingen veroorzaken. Momenteel zijn alle pogingen om dit puin te minimaliseren of te vermijden ontoereikend en kunnen zware gevolgen hebben voor onze satellieten en andere activiteiten op aarde. Het wordt hoog tijd dat we onze ruimterommel opruimen!

Regie: Bertrand Loyer

Unexplained Discoveries That Could Rewrite History

Classic Flying Saucer Shaped UFO Sigthed During A Commercial Flight Over Colombia.

This footage was taken about two weeks ago while the witness was traveling from Bogotá to Salento in Colombia. The footage was posted to the Spanish Internet forum "Forocoches". In the footage we can see this flying saucer just fly without a care in the world and not afraid to be seen but what could this object be???

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How far does the Milky Way REALLY extend? Discoveries at the Edge of Our Galaxy | Space Documentary

Have you ever imagined what lies at the edge of our galaxy?

The Milky Way has captivated human eyes since the dawn of time. It remains magnificent and fascinating on a dark night, whether you're in the middle of the desert or on top of a mountain. On beautiful summer nights, devoid of light pollution, we can follow its path through the celestial vault without even needing an observation instrument. It forms a wispy band around the entire sky. In this band, over 200 billion stars are gathered together. Of these, around 6,000 are detectable without binoculars or telescopes

We've known since the 20th century that the Milky Way is our galaxy. This immense disk of stars is made up of a very luminous, compact central region, known as the bulge, and smaller spiral arms. The Milky Way has an estimated diameter of 100,000 light-years and a thickness of over 1,000 light-years. Since the 1990s, astronomers have discovered that our galaxy is not simply a spiral galaxy, but a barred spiral galaxy. It has a short bar of stars on either side of the central bulge.
The Milky Way is home to the solar system, and thus to the Earth. It is part of the Local Group itself attached to the Virgo supercluster belonging to Laniakea.

Most Powerful Planetary Collision Ever Seen Detected In Our Galaxy

0:00 Planetary collisions

1:10 New collision was insane

1:40 How it was found

2:10 Type of a star and the effects observed

3:50 Other similar detections before

4:30 How this usually looks and what is expected

5:20 How this is different and why this is so unexpected

8:00 What's there now

RELATED

Most Powerful Solar Storm Ever Happened 14,300 Years Ago

Vela Pulsar Did Something That Make No Physical Sense

0:00 Vela pulsar in a nutshell

2:45 Unexplained new detection

3:18 How all of this is discovered

5:20 Vela pulsar releases super powerful emissions

6:30 Potential explanation

7:50 Potential answers from SN1987A

9:20 Signs of a pulsar being formed

9:50 JWST confirms a pulsar formation

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James Webb Telescope Just Intercepted A Mysterious Object No One Can Explain

About six months after the James Webb Space Telescope was launched into space, it intercepted a mysterious object no one can explain. The telescope spotted four most distant galaxies, which happened to be the oldest about 13.4 billion years ago. The cosmos was just 350 million years old at the time, or roughly 2% of its present age. What is this mysterious object, and how important is it to space exploration and research? What other mysteries are out there in space waiting to be uncovered by James Webb and space probes?

Orbiting Mars, We Discovered Another Ship. It's Not Human, And It's Not Empty | Sci-Fi Creepypasta

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

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Amazing UFO video – Flying saucer filmed from a plane over Colombia 2 weeks ago

Amazing UFO video – Flying saucer filmed from a plane over Colombia 2 weeks ago

ufo-sighting-video-colombia

UFO Sighting Caught on Camera: Bogotá to Salento Flight Reveals Stunning Saucer!

In the vast realm of UFO sightings, every once in a while, a video emerges that sends chills down the spines of even the most skeptical observers. Early this October 2023, such a video surfaced, taken by a passenger aboard a commercial airliner journeying from Bogotá to Salento in Colombia.

The Encounter

While it’s not uncommon for plane passengers to capture breathtaking views of the clouds or the sunset, capturing a potential UFO is definitely not on the usual itinerary. The footage, described as both “clear” and “crisp,” depicts what many might call a classic flying saucer, making its way through the vast blue sky.

The object’s distance from the plane or its size is hard to pinpoint. However, its distinctive shape and appearance are unmissable. At first glance, one might mistake it for a stray balloon, peacefully floating and adrift in the wind. But as you continue to observe, the object seemingly spins on its axis – a behavior often attributed to many Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP).

Mysteries Remain

The conversations and reactions of the passengers onboard remain a mystery, as the video doesn’t provide clarity on their sentiments. Yet, one can’t help but wonder: Was this UFO moving with purpose, or was it just gracefully floating, allowing the plane and its passengers a fleeting glimpse into the unknown?

A Must-Watch

For those intrigued by mysteries of the skies, the video is a must-watch, especially with its stabilised version, which provides an even clearer view of this remarkable sighting. Whether you’re a believer in extraterrestrial encounters or just someone with a penchant for the unexplained, this footage from the skies above Colombia will undoubtedly pique your curiosity.

As we continue to search for answers in the vastness of the universe, one thing is certain: UFO sightings, like the one captured on this Bogotá to Salento flight, remind us that the skies are full of wonders waiting to be explored.

  • Interested in more intriguing UFO sightings? Dive deeper into our collection of similar UFO videos at our Youtube channel and stay updated with the latest unexplained phenomen.
  • Link: https://www.youtube.com/@LUFOS-UFO

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Florida: UFO Over SRQ Airport? Shocking Daytime Sighting of Metallic Orb

Florida: UFO Over SRQ Airport? Shocking Daytime Sighting of Metallic Orb

florida-metallic-orb

Florida, 16th October 2023 – UFO sightings have always captured the imagination of enthusiasts and skeptics alike. Yesterday, the skies above SRQ Sarasota Bradenton International Airport bore witness to a curious phenomenon: a metallic orb, steadily hovering in broad daylight.

Check the video bellow here to view the remarkable footage.

As the afternoon sun shimmered over the horizon, travelers inside the airport terminal busied themselves, awaiting their respective flights. Among them was an observant traveler who couldn’t help but notice something out of the ordinary through the vast terminal windows.

“I was at SRQ airport waiting for my flight inside the terminal and I saw this silver orb outside,” the witness reported. At first glance, one could mistake it for a shiny balloon lost in the vast blue yonder. Yet, upon closer observation, it became evident that this was no ordinary object.

“Thought it was a balloon at first but it didn’t behave like one,” the witness added. The peculiar orb maintained its altitude with a precision not associated with conventional airborne objects like balloons. Even if it was a Mylar balloon, the reflection it cast was unusually consistent and steady.

Given the proximity of the sighting to the airport and its flight pattern, questions are abound. Was it a drone? A novel type of aircraft? Or perhaps something more mysterious?

Check out these UFO videos of metallic orbs:

UFO enthusiasts and researchers will undoubtedly pore over the video footage, analyzing its every detail, trying to decipher what it could possibly be. As with most UFO sightings, definitive answers might be elusive, but the intrigue and fascination will endure.

For those lucky enough to witness such events, or for anyone with an interest in the unexplained, the skies above Florida seem to hold more mysteries than ever before. With this recent sighting added to the ever-growing list of UFO encounters, one thing’s for sure: the search for answers continues.

  • Have you had any recent UFO sightings or encounters? Share your experiences and join the global community in the quest for understanding the unknown.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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What is the Big Bang Theory?

What is the Big Bang Theory?

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The Big Bang Theory explains how the universe began 13.7 billion years ago. 

(Image credit: RomoloTavani via Getty Images)

The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation for howbegan. Simply put, it says the universe as we know it started with an infinitely hot and dense single point that inflated and stretched — first at unimaginable speeds, and then at a more measurable rate — over the next 13.7 billion years to the still-expanding cosmos that we know today.

Existing technology doesn't yet allow astronomers to literally peer back at the universe's birth, much of what we understand about the Big Bang comes from mathematical formulas and models. Astronomers can, however, see the "echo" of the expansion through a phenomenon known as the cosmic microwave background.

While the majority of the astronomical community accepts the theory, there are some theorists who have alternative explanations besides the Big Bang — such as eternal inflation or an oscillating universe.

Related:

THE BIRTH OF THE UNIVERSE

Around 13.7 billion years ago, everything in the entire universe was condensed in an infinitesimally small singularity, a point of infinite denseness and heat. 

Suddenly, an explosive expansion began, ballooning our universe outwards faster than the speed of light. This was a period of cosmic inflation that lasted mere fractions of a second — about 10^-32 of a second, according to physicist Alan Guth’s 1980 theory that changed the way we think about the Big Bang forever. 

When cosmic inflation came to a sudden and still-mysterious end, the more classic descriptions of the Big Bang took hold. A flood of matter and radiation, known as "reheating," began populating our universe with the stuff we know today: particles, atoms, the stuff that would become stars and galaxies and so on.

Hubble images show the far-distant galaxy GN-z11 as it appeared shortly after the Big Bang.  (Image credit: NASA)

This all happened within just the first second after the universe began, when the temperature of everything was still insanely hot, at about 10 billion degrees Fahrenheit (5.5 billion Celsius), according to NASA. The cosmos now contained a vast array of fundamental particles such as neutrons, electrons and protons — the raw materials that would become the building blocks for everything that exists today.

This early "soup" would have been impossible to actually see because it couldn't hold visible light. "The free electrons would have caused light (photons) to scatter the way sunlight scatters from the water droplets in clouds," NASA stated. Over time, however, these free electrons met up with nuclei and created neutral atoms or atoms with equal positive and negative electric charges. 

This allowed light to finally shine through, about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.

Sometimes called the "afterglow" of the Big Bang, this light is more properly known as the cosmic microwave background (CMB). It was first predicted by Ralph Alpher and other scientists in 1948 but was found only by accident almost 20 years later.

Related: 

A  map of the background radiation left over from the Big Bang, taken by the ESA's Planck spacecraft, captured the oldest light in the universe. This information helps astronomers determine the age of the universe.  (Image credit: ESA and the Planck Collaboration, CC BY-SA)

This accidental discovery happened when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, both of Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey, were building a radio receiver in 1965 and picked up higher-than-expected temperatures, according to a NASA article. At first, they thought the anomaly was due to pigeons trying to roost inside the antenna and their waste, but they cleaned up the mess and killed the pigeons and the anomaly persisted.

Simultaneously, a Princeton University team led by Robert Dicke was trying to find evidence of the CMB and realized that Penzias and Wilson had stumbled upon it with their strange observations. The two groups each published papers in the Astrophysical Journal in 1965.

BIG BANG THEORY FAQS ANSWERED BY AN EXPERT

We asked Jason Steffens, assistant professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, a few frequently asked questions about the Big Bang Theory. 


Jason Steffens headshot
Jason Steffens
Assistant Professor

Jason Steffens is an assistant professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Has the Big Bang Theory been proven?

This isn't really a statement that we can make in general. The best we can do is say that there is strong evidence for the Big Bang Theory and that every test we throw at it comes back in support of the theory. Mathematicians prove things, but scientists can only say that the evidence supports a theory with some degree of confidence that is always less than 100%.

So, a short answer to a slightly different question is that all of the observational evidence that we've gathered is consistent with the predictions of the Big Bang Theory. The three most important observations are:

  1.  The Hubble Law shows that distant objects are receding from us at a rate proportional to their distance — which occurs when there is uniform expansion in all directions. This implies a history where everything was closer together.
  2. The properties of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). This shows that the universe went through a transition from an ionized gas (a plasma) and a neutral gas. Such a transition implies a hot, dense early universe that cooled as it expanded. This transition happened after about 400,000 years following the Big Bang.
  3. The relative abundances of light elements (He-4, He-3, Li-7, and Deuterium). These were formed during the era of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the first few minutes after the Big Bang. Their abundances show that the universe was really hot and really dense in the past (as opposed to the conditions when the CMB was formed, which was just regular hot and dense — there's about a factor of a million difference in temperature between when BBN occurred and when the CMB occurred).

Is there any occurrence that contradicts the Big Bang Theory?

Not that I know of. There are some issues that arise with the simplest model of the Big Bang, but those can be resolved by invoking a physical process that is still consistent with the basic premise of the Big Bang Theory. Specifically, the fact that the CMB temperature is the same everywhere, that the universe does not appear to have any curvature, and that density fluctuations from quantum mechanical predictions do not produce galaxy clusters of the right size and shape today. These three issues are resolved with the theory of inflation — which is part of the broader Big Bang Theory.

When was the Big Bang Theory established?

Who came up with the idea?

Hubble was really the person who set up the observations. Evidence continued to mount, especially in the 1970s with the detection of the CMB. The term "Big Bang" was first used in the late 1940s by the astronomer Fred Hoyle — eventually, it caught on in the 1970s.

MODELLING THE BIG BANG

Because we can't see it directly, scientists have been trying to figure out how to "see" the Big Bang through other measures. In one case, cosmologists are pressing rewind to reach the first instant after the Big Bang by simulating 4,000 versions of the current universe on a massive supercomputer. 

"We are trying to do something like guessing a baby photo of our universe from the latest picture," study leader Masato Shirasaki, a cosmologist at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), told our sister website Live Science. 

With what is known about the universe today, the researchers in this 2021 study compared their understanding of how gravitational forces interacted in the primordial universe with their thousands of computer-modeled universes. If they could predict the starting conditions of their virtual universes, they hoped to be able to accurately predict what our own universe may have looked like back at the beginning. 

Other researchers have chosen different paths to interrogate our universe's beginnings. 

In a 2020 study, researchers did so by investigating the split between matter and antimatter. In the study, not yet peer-reviewed, they proposed that the imbalance in the amount of matter and antimatter in the universe is related to the universe's vast quantities of dark matter, an unknown substance that exerts influence over gravity and yet doesn't interact with light. They suggested that in the crucial moments immediately after the Big Bang, the universe may have been pushed to make more matter than its inverse, antimatter, which then could have led to the formation of dark matter.

THE AGE OF THE UNIVERSE

Artist's impression of the European Space Agency's Planck spacecraft. Planck's main goal is to study the Cosmic Microwave Background — the relic radiation left over from the Big Bang.   (Image credit: ESA/C. Carreau)

The CMB has been observed by many researchers now and with many spacecraft missions. One of the most famous space-faring missions to do so was NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite, which mapped the sky in the 1990s.

Several other missions have followed in COBE's footsteps, such as the BOOMERanG experiment (Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics), NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and the European Space Agency's Planck satellite.

Planck's observations, first released in 2013, mapped the CMB in unprecedented detail and revealed that the universe was older than previously thought: 13.82 billion years old, rather than 13.7 billion years old. The research observatory's mission is ongoing and new maps of the CMB are released periodically.

Related: 

The maps give rise to new mysteries, however, such as why the Southern Hemisphere appears slightly redder (warmer) than the Northern Hemisphere. The Big Bang Theory says that the CMB would be mostly the same, no matter where you look.

Examining the CMB also gives astronomers clues as to the composition of the universe. Researchers think most of the cosmos is made up of matter and energy that cannot be "sensed" with our conventional instruments, leading to the names "dark matter" and "dark energy." It is thought that only 5% of the universe is made up of matter such as planets, stars and galaxies.

WHAT ARE GRAVITATIONAL WAVES?

While astronomers study the universe's beginnings through creative measures and mathematical simulations, they've also sought proof of its rapid inflation. They have done this by observing gravitational waves, tiny perturbations in space-time that ripple outwards from great disturbances like, for instance, two colliding black holes or the universe's birth.

According to leading theories, in the first second after the universe was born, our cosmos ballooned faster than the speed of light. (That, by the way, does not violate Albert Einstein's speed limit. He once said that light speed is the fastest anything can travel within the universe — but that statement did not apply to the inflation of the universe itself.)

As the universe expanded, it created the CMB and a similar "background noise" made up of gravitational waves that, like the CMB, were a sort of static, detectable from all parts of the sky. Those gravitational waves, according to the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, produced a theorized barely-detectable polarization, one type of which is called "B-modes."

In 2014, astronomers said they had found evidence of B-modes using an Antarctic telescope called "Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization," or BICEP2.

"We're very confident that the signal that we're seeing is real, and it's on the sky," lead researcher John Kovac, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics told Space.com in March 2014.

But by June, the same team said that their findings could have been altered by galactic dust getting in the way of their field of view. That hypothesis was supported by new results from the Planck satellite.

By January 2015, researchers from both teams working together "confirmed that the Bicep signal was mostly, if not all, stardust," the New York Times said.

This graphic shows a timeline of the universe based on the Big Bang theory and inflation models.  (Image credit: NASA / WMAP Science Team)

However, since then gravitational waves have not only been confirmed to exist, they have been observed multiple times. 

These waves, which are not B-modes from the birth of the universe but rather from more recent collisions of black hles, have been detected multiple times by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), with the first-ever gravitational wave detection taking place in 2016. 

A major gravitational wave breakthrough was announced on June 28, 2023 when teams of scientists around the world reported the discovery of a "low-pitch hum" of these cosmic ripples flowing through the Milky Way. While astronomers don't definitively know what's causing the hum, the detected signal is "compelling evidence" and consistent with theoretical expectations of gravitational waves emerging from copious pairs of "the most massive black holes in the entire universe" weighing as much as billions of suns, said Stephen Taylor, a gravitational wave astrophysicist at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee who co-led the research.

Read more:

WAS THE BIG BANG AN EXPLOSION?

Although the Big Bang is often described as an "explosion", that's a misleading image. In an explosion, fragments are flung out from a central point into a pre-existing space. If you were at the central point, you'd see all the fragments moving away from you at roughly the same speed. 

But the Big Bang wasn't like that. It was an expansion of space itself – a concept that comes out of Einstein's equations of general relativity but has no counterpart in the classical physics of everyday life. It means that all the distances in the universe are stretching out at the same rate. Any two galaxies separated by distance X are receding from each other at the same speed, while a galaxy at distance 2X recedes at twice that speed.

THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE

The universe is not only expanding, but expanding faster. This means that with time, nobody will be able to spot other galaxies from Earth or any other vantage point within our galaxy.

"We will see distant galaxies moving away from us, but their speed is increasing with time," Harvard University astronomer Avi Loeb said in a March 2014 Space.com article.

"So, if you wait long enough, eventually, a distant galaxy will reach the speed of light. What that means is that even light won't be able to bridge the gap that's being opened between that galaxy and us. There's no way for extraterrestrials on that galaxy to communicate with us, to send any signals that will reach us, once their galaxy is moving faster than light relative to us."

Related: 

Some physicists also suggest that the universe we experience is just one of many. In the "multiverse" model, different universes would coexist with each other like bubbles lying side by side. The theory suggests that in that first big push of inflation, different parts of space-time grew at different rates. This could have carved off different sections — different universes — with potentially different laws of physics.

Related: 

"It's hard to build models of inflation that don't lead to a multiverse," Alan Guth, a theoretical physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said during a news conference in March 2014 concerning the gravitational waves discovery. (Guth is not affiliated with that study.)

"It's not impossible, so I think there's still certainly research that needs to be done. But most models of inflation do lead to a multiverse, and evidence for inflation will be pushing us in the direction of taking [the idea of a] multiverse seriously."

While we can understand how the universe we see came to be, it's possible that the Big Bang was not the first inflationary period the universe experienced. Some scientists believe we live in a cosmos that goes through regular cycles of inflation and deflation, and that we just happen to be living in one of these phases.

JWST AND THE BIG BANG

The James Webb Space Telescope has the ability to look deep into the past.   (Image credit: dima_zel via Getty Images)

A telescope is almost like a time machine, allowing us to peer back into the distant past. With the aid of the Hubble space telescope, NASA has shown us galaxies as they were many billions of years ago — and Hubble's successor, the James Webb Space Telescope, has the ability to look even deeper into the past. 

NASA hopes it will see all the way back to when the first galaxies formed, nearly 13.6 billion years ago. And unlike Hubble, which sees mainly in the visible waveband, JWST is an infrared telescope — a big advantage when looking at very distant galaxies. The expansion of the universe means that waves emitted from them are stretched out, so light that was emitted at visible wavelengths actually reaches us in the infrared.

THE BIG BANG THEORY: BECOMING A HOUSEHOLD NAME

 Although it took a while, TV audiences have taken a liking to the geek-inspired comedy The Big Bang Theory.  (Image credit: CBS)

The name "Big Bang Theory" has been a popular way to talk about the concept among astrophysicists for decades, but it hit the mainstream in 2007 when a comedy T.V. show with the same name premiered on CBS. 

Running for 279 episodes over 12 seasons, the show "The Big Bang Theory" followed the lives of a group of scientists, which included physicists, astrophysicists and aerospace engineers. The show explores the group's nerdy friendships, romances and squabbles. Its first season premiered on Sept. 24, 2007, and the show officially ended on May 16, 2019.

Although the show itself didn't dive too much into actual science, the showrunners did hire UCLA astrophysicist David Saltzberg as a science consultant for the entire run of the show, according to Science magazine. Science consultants are often hired for sci-fi and science-related shows and movies to help keep certain aspects realistic.

Thanks to Saltzberg, the characters' vocabulary included a host of science jargon and the whiteboards in the background of labs, offices and apartments throughout the show were filled with a variety of equations and information. 

Over the course of the show, Saltzberg said, those whiteboards became coveted space as researchers sent him new work that they hoped might be featured there. In one episode, Saltzberg recalled, new evidence of gravitational waves was scrawled across a whiteboard that ostensibly belonged to famed physicist Steven Hawking, who also approved the text.

Veteran NASA astronaut Mike Massimino (right) poses for a photo with Big Bang Theory actor Simon Helberg and another actor during a break from filming the season finale of CBS' Big Bang Theory.  (Image credit: Mike Massimino (via Twitter as @Astro_Mike))

The show took some liberties, as it was fictional. This included fabricating some new scientific concepts and fictionalizing the politics of Nobel prizes and academia, according to Fermilab physicist Don Lincoln.

Related: 

Notably, several characters in the series take trips. One episode sees main characters Leonard, Sheldon, Raj and Howard set out on a research expedition to the Arctic — many physics experiments are best performed at or near the extreme environments of the poles. Another put aerospace engineer Howard on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft and, later, a model of the International Space Station along with real-life astronaut Mike Massimino.  

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Discover more about CMB on NASA's webpage on putting the Big Bang theory to the test. NASA has also put together what the Big Bang might have looked it in this animation. Here are 5 quick facts about the Big Bang from How It Works magazine. 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

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Italian Astronaut Screams In Fear In Live ISS Video Seeing Two UFOs, Said “Almost Alien”

Samantha Cristoforetti scream

Italian Astronaut Screams In Fear In Live ISS Video Seeing Two UFOs, Said “Almost Alien”

There are accounts of astronauts seeing unidentified flying objects (UFOs) while being in the International Space Station (ISS). Sometimes they have been spotted during the live broadcast but the space agencies ignore them, claiming space debris, dirt in the camera’s lenses, or light effect.

However, the case of two UAPs and Samantha Cristoforetti’s scream in fear, Italy’s first female astronaut onboard the Soyuz spacecraft during docking with the International Space Station (ISS) in 2014 is still unexplainable.

Samantha Cristoforetti was born in Milan, Italy, on April 26, 1977. Between November 2014 and June 2015, she spent 200 days in space on her Futura mission to the International Space Station as a Flight Engineer for Expeditions 42 and 43. Samantha was selected as an ESA astronaut in May 2009. She joined ESA in September 2009 and completed her basic astronaut training in November 2010. She’s completely fluent in Italian, English, German, French, and Russian.

Samantha Cristoforetti

ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti floating sideways with her colleagues, NASA astronaut Terry Virts (left) and cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov in the International Space Station. They are dressed in the Sokol suits they wear in the Soyuz spacecraft that takes them to the Space Station and back. Image credit: NASA

On November 23, 2014, the Soyuz TMA-14 spacecraft was planning to drop its Russian robot, Skybot F-850 to dock at the International Space Station. Cristoforetti was onboard Soyuz TMA-14 along with Roscosmos astronaut Anton Shkaplerov, and NASA astronaut Terry Virts at that time.

As the spacecraft approached the ISS and docking was in process, Cristoforetti saw what appeared to be two huge, glowing orbs zooming toward each other. The orb can be seen moving from top to bottom in the center of the screen at approximately the 1:20 mark.

What appeared on the screen, shocked Cristoforetti so much that she screamed in fear, and immediately her colleague Anton Shkaplerov can be heard saying her to calm down. The video quickly went viral and in no time, it was all over social media.

After the noticeable excitement on the video, many were wondering what Cristoforetti actually saw that caused such a response so she took to Google+ to give an explanation for the shout. Cristoforetti explains she “wasn’t prepared in the least for what I saw when we were at about 30-40 meters [from the Space Station].”

“I had released my shoulder straps quite a bit at that point, so I was floating over my seat. As I turned to look outside, at first I looked back and saw one of our Soyuz solar panels, which I had seen before of course. Then my eyes caught something in the peripheral view.

And as I slowly turned my gaze and when I realized what I was seeing, I was overcome by pure amazement and joy: the Space Station was there, but not just any view. The huge solar panels were flooded in a blaze of orange light, vivid, warm almost alien.

I couldn’t help exclaiming something aloud, which you can probably hear in the recordings of our docking, since at that point we were “hot mic” with Mission Control. Anton reminded me of that and so I tried to contain my amazement and return to the docking monitoring. When I peaked again later, the orange glow was gone.

Butch told me later that he had heard my amazement on com when “the Station had turned orange.” I didn’t know, but apparently there’s only a few seconds during day-night transition that the Station is lit by that amazing orange glow. And it happened to be exactly when I peaked outside! I feel very fortunate that I had such a unique first glimpse of our human outpost in space: such a great welcome!

two ufos in ISS footage

The ISS live stream spotted two anomalies in 2014 while Soyuz spacecraft docking with the International Space Station (ISS)

In fact, former US Department of Defense UFO investigator Nick Pope stated that this was not only an unprecedented occurrence but also one of the greatest proofs of extraterrestrial life, not only in space but in our Solar System and very close to us.”

Read also:

In her Wiki, her NASA.gov profile, and interview with Financial Times there’s no mention of the scream incident. The reporter gets closest to the mystery when asking, “Did you suffer from any unexpected/unpleasant experiences while in space?” She never mentions the scream (which seems odd considering the question) but answers in the affirmative because she “didn’t fall into the 50% who suffer space sickness.” In her latest video by NASA, she mentioned no scream incident as well.

It is unprecedented that even after everything was recorded on live footage, she never spoke about it. However, there are other outer space incidents that happened with astronauts who publicly admitted experiencing strangeness in space.

  • Former NASA astronaut Leland Melvin claimed to have seen what appeared to be an “organic, alien-like creature” in the space shuttle payload bay and even reported the sighting to ground control.
  • During his time in space, former NASA astronaut Jerry M. Linenger saw some anomalies that were not space debris. He shared his sightings in a live interview with Bild in 2018.
  • On May 5, 1981, retired Russian cosmonaut Vladimir Kovalyonok saw something remarkable from the porthole of Salyut 6. According to Kovalyonok, at around 6 p.m., when the spacecraft was flying over South Africa moving towards the Indian ocean, he saw an elliptical-shaped object that was flying along with the spacecraft.
  • Former NASA astronaut Franklin Story Musgrave said about his experience in space would shock anyone. He claimed to have seen an 8-foot-long snake, white in color, floating through space. It is hard to explain how a snake could reach space, but Musgrave has never denied it. (Click here to read the full story)

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{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

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Unveiling UFO Secrets: Men in Black, Alien Autopsy, and Global Enigmas

Unveiling UFO Secrets: Men in Black, Alien Autopsy, and Global Enigmas

UFO Secrets

In a universe teeming with the vastness of space, the possibility of otherworldly beings has intrigued and haunted us for centuries. However, when two rational individuals came across evidence that potentially showcased an actual extraterrestrial entity, the world was spellbound.

For Ray and the unnamed protagonist of our story, this wasn’t just another conspiracy or a quirky headline; it became the center of their lives. In the heart of Cleveland, the cameraman stumbled upon what seemed like an alien autopsy footage. This wasn’t just another vague UFO sighting or grainy photograph from an amateur. This was a meticulous recording of what looked like an actual extraterrestrial being.

The imagery in the footage matched eerily with the worldwide reports of alien sightings. From the delicate, otherworldly features of the supposed alien to its unique biological characteristics, the footage seemed to reveal a creature straight out of millions of eyewitness accounts. But was this the ultimate proof humanity had been waiting for?

VIDEO:

However, the enigma didn’t end there. Stories of military leaders, astronauts, doctors, lawyers, and ordinary individuals witnessing UFOs or having encounters with extraterrestrial beings have been consistent across history. Tales of sky battles in the 16th century, UFO sightings in the 18th century, and many more weave a tapestry of mystery that blankets our past.

As our duo delved deeper, they came across a slew of evidence pointing to an ongoing interaction between humanity and these otherworldly entities. From the alleged animal mutilations to chilling accounts of human genetic and hybrid experimentation, it felt as though humanity was but a plaything in the hands of a far more advanced civilization.

But the most significant question that remains is, do the governments of the world already know about these beings? If they do, why the silence?

The weight of the evidence grows heavier every day. As more people from all corners of the world continue to report strange occurrences, lights in the sky, and encounters with beings not of this world, the clamor for transparency becomes even more urgent.

In the end, whether you’re a skeptic or a believer, the evidence is undeniable that we’re not alone. As we continue our quest for understanding, one can only hope that the truth will soon emerge from the shadows. Until then, the enigma of the alien autopsy remains one of the greatest mysteries of our time.

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Meet 'Scary Barbie,' a black hole slaughtering a star in the brightest way possible

Meet 'Scary Barbie,' a black hole slaughtering a star in the brightest way possible

An artist's illustration of a black hole swallowing a star, the event that gave rise to Scary Barbie.
An artist's illustration of a black hole swallowing a star, the event that gave rise to Scary Barbie. 
(Image credit: Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library via Getty Images)

Astronomers have detected one of the longest, brightest and most energetic cosmic objects ever observed — and they've named it "Scary Barbie," in part due to its terrifying power.

The remote object, an astonishingly bright flash of light that has lasted for more than two years, was discovered lurking inside an enormous data set gathered by computer-guided telescopes.

After finding the brightly burning patch of sky in the data and cross-referencing it with observations made by other telescopes, the astronomers realized they had stumbled across one of the most powerful cosmic explosions ever witnessed. They reported their findings April 17 on the preprint server arXiv, and their paper has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

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"It's absurd. If you take a typical supernova and multiply it a thousand times, we're still not at how bright this is — and supernovas are among the most luminous objects in the sky," co-author Danny Milisavljevic, an assistant professor of physics and astronomy at Purdue University, said in a statement. "This is the most energetic phenomenon I have ever encountered."

Scary Barbie was born from the final death throes of a star being torn to shreds by a supermassive black hole.

Black holes feed upon unfortunate stars that cross their paths, using tidal forces exerted by their immense gravitational pulls. As the star is reeled ever closer to the black hole's maw, the gravity affecting the regions of the star closer to the black hole is far stronger than that acting on the star's farside. This disparity "spaghettifies" the star into a long, noodle-like string that gets tightly wound around the black hole layer by layer — like spaghetti around a fork. 

This noodle of hot plasma then quickly accelerates around the black hole and spins out into an enormous jet of energy and matter, which produces a distinctive bright beam of light — known as a transient event — that optical, X-ray and radio-wave telescopes can detect.

Because Scary Barbie's light came from a remote region of the sky — traveling around 7.7 billion years across the expanding fabric of space-time — astronomers didn't spot the event directly. Instead, by developing a machine-learning system called Recommender Engine For Intelligent Transient Tracking, the researchers combed through data from many observations before finding the extremely bright light source. By using the Lick Observatory in California and the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, the researchers were better able to characterize the light as coming from a transient event. 

But Scary Barbie — a nickname made by appending its randomly assigned alphanumeric name, ZTF20abrbeie, with a reference to its frightening power — is weird even among other rare and extreme astronomical events. It is much brighter than any other transient event the astronomers could compare it to, and, while transient events usually last only weeks or months, Scary Barbie has already burned incandescently for more than two years, with no indication it will sputter out.

The astronomers said further observations of Scary Barbie, possibly using the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, could enable them to snap some high-resolution images of the incredibly rare cosmic outburst.

"There are few things in the universe that can be so powerful, reactions that can be this long-lived," Milisavljevic said. "Discoveries like this really open our eyes to the fact that we are still uncovering mysteries and exploring wonders in the universe — things no one has ever seen before."

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{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

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Mysterious Messages from the Cosmos: The Enigma of Crop Circles

Mysterious Messages from the Cosmos: The Enigma of Crop Circles

Crop Circle Realities

For decades, vast fields of wheat and corn have been transformed overnight into intricate designs known as crop circles. These complex patterns often appear without explanation and have intrigued scientists, paranormal enthusiasts, and skeptics alike. Do these crop circles serve as a message from extraterrestrial intelligences, or are they just elaborate hoaxes?

Crop Circles – An Overview: 

Crop circles, geometric patterns that emerge overnight in fields, have been a topic of intense debate and curiosity. Originating in the English countryside, these patterns have since been reported worldwide. With perfect geometry and precision, they often stretch hundreds of meters, leaving many experts baffled.

Significance of the Date – July 14th: 

A particularly interesting observation is the recurring appearance of intricate designs on the date of July 14th. One such design in Somerset mirrored the geometry of particles being pulled into a black hole. Could these patterns hint at interdimensional portals or methods of traversing vast cosmic distances?

The Phenomenon of Phantom Shapes: 

In 2017, a remarkable event occurred in Clay Hill, England. A design spanning over 70 meters appeared in a wheat field. The subsequent year, canola plants were sown in the same area. Astonishingly, the canola did not grow where the previous year’s design had been, hinting at residual energy impacting the growth. These ghostly imprints are referred to as “phantom shapes”, serving as evidence that the phenomenon is not just a simple man-made deception.

A Touch of the Spiritual: 

Perhaps one of the most moving accounts came from Switzerland. Following the passing of a field’s owner, a crop circle manifested nearby. The design, a circle with 12 left-leaning blades, appeared during the family’s time of grief, leading many to interpret it as a cosmic message of love and connection.

The Message Behind Crop Circles: 

Jaime Maussan, a renowned Mexican journalist covering extraterrestrial phenomena, believes that crop circles are a way of communicating a simple, yet profound message: “You are not alone”. He suggests that these patterns are a call to humanity to mature, acknowledge our place in the cosmos, and address the environmental crises we face.

VIDEO:

  • Crop Circle Realities (2021) | Full Documentary Movie | Stephen Bassett | Gary King

While the origins and meanings of crop circles remain shrouded in mystery, one thing is certain: they captivate our imagination and challenge our understanding of the world. Whether they are interstellar messages, natural phenomena, or human-made art, crop circles continue to be a subject of wonder and speculation.

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Net als 22 atoombommen: de asteroïde die de aarde zal raken heet Bennu

Net als 22 atoombommen: de asteroïde die de aarde zal raken heet Bennu

Artikel van Stars Insider fullscreen.svg

Net als 22 atoombommen: de asteroïde die de aarde zal raken heet Bennu

Meteoor inslag locatie, VS

Meteoor inslag locatie, VS©Shutterstock 

Meteor Crater, ook bekend als Barringer Crater, gelegen nabij Flagstaff, Arizona, is een grote meteorietinslagkrater. Dit opmerkelijke natuurverschijnsel is een van de best bewaarde kraters in zijn soort op onze planeet, met een diameter van ongeveer 1200 meter en een diepte van ongeveer 170 meter.

Tenoumer krater, Mauritanië

Tenoumer krater, Mauritanië©Public Domain 
Het kenmerkende geologische kenmerk van de Tenoumer-krater in de Sahara-woestijn van Mauritanië is de dramatische, bijna cirkelvormige rand. De foto van Michael Dennig geeft perfect de afmetingen van de krater weer.

Vredefort krater, Zuid-Afrika

Vredefort krater, Zuid-Afrika©Getty Images

De Vredefort krater in de Zuid-Afrikaanse provincie Vrijstaat is de grootste bevestigde inslagkrater op aarde, met een diameter van meer dan 300 km (190 mijl). De afbeelding toont de Vredefort Dome, het centrale deel van de krater.

Kaali-krater, Estland

Kaali-krater, Estland©Shutterstock 
Kaali verwijst naar een groep van negen meteorietkratermeren in het dorp Kaali op Saaremaa, een Ests eiland. Dit cluster van meren werd gevormd rond 1530-1450 v.Chr.

Gosses Bluff Impact Site, Australië

Gosses Bluff Impact Site, Australië©Shutterstock 
De opmerkelijke meteoorkrater Gosses Bluff, gelegen in het zuidelijke deel van het Northern Territory, heeft een diameter van 5 km en een randhoogte van 200 meter. Deze locatie wordt door de westerse Arrernte Aboriginals Tnorala genoemd en wordt als een heilige plaats beschouwd.
Manicouaganmeer, Canada
Manicouaganmeer, Canada©Getty Images 
Het Manicouagan Reservoir in het centrum van Quebec ontstond 214 miljoen jaar geleden door een meteoorinslag. René-Levasseur Island is het eiland in het midden van het meer. De hele formatie wordt gewoonlijk "het oog van Quebec" genoemd.

Wolfe Creek-krater, Australië

Wolfe Creek-krater, Australië ©Shutterstock 
De Wolfe Creek-krater in West-Australië is een opmerkelijk intacte inslaglocatie. Het meet een diameter van ongeveer 875 meter (2871 ft) en heeft een diepte van 60 meter (200 ft) van rand tot vloer. Deze krater, die minder dan 120.000 jaar oud is, ligt in het hart van het Wolfe Creek Meteorite Crater National Park.

Sudbury-bekken, Canada

Popigai-krater, Rusland
Popigai-krater, Rusland ©Getty Images 
De Popigai-krater, gelegen in Siberië, werd ongeveer 35 miljoen jaar geleden gevormd. De oostkant van de krater, met een diameter van 100 km (62 mijl), is linksboven in het satellietbeeld zichtbaar.

Acramankrater, Australië

Acramankrater, Australië©Getty Images 
Lake Acraman in Zuid-Australië is een opvallend kenmerk van de Acraman-krater, die ongeveer 590 miljoen jaar geleden werd gevormd door een asteroïde-inslag. Dit satellietbeeld legt de 40 km lange krater vast, met het meer in het hart.

Karakul-krater, Tadzjikistan

Chesapeake Bay, VS
Chesapeake Bay, VS ©Getty Images 
Ongeveer 35 miljoen jaar geleden werd de Chesapeake Bay aan de oostkust van Amerika gevormd door sediment dat over het puin van een meteoorinslag viel. De afbeelding toont een deel van de inslagstructuur in Virginia.

Bosumtwi-krater, Ghana

Bosumtwi-krater, Ghana ©Getty Images 
Lake Bosumtwi is het enige natuurlijke meer in Ghana, gelegen in een oude inslagkrater ten zuidoosten van Kumasi. De Ashanti-bevolking vereert Bosumtwi als een heilig waterlichaam.

Morasko Meteoriet Natuurreservaat, Polen

Morasko Meteoriet Natuurreservaat, Polen ©Shutterstock 
Het Morasko Meteoriet Natuurreservaat ligt in de bossen nabij Poznań. Bezoekers kunnen zeven kraters verkennen, waarvan de grootste een diameter van ongeveer 100 meter (328 ft) heeft en een diepte van ongeveer 11 meter (36 ft) bereikt

Lonarkrater, India

Lonarkrater, India©Getty Images 
Het Lonar-meer in de staat Maharashtra is ontstaan ​​door een meteorietinslag die ongeveer 35.000 tot 50.000 jaar geleden plaatsvond.
Middlesboro-krater, VS
Middlesboro-krater, VS ©Shutterstock 
De Middlesboro-krater in Kentucky dankt zijn naam aan de stad waar hij nu staat. De krater is ongeveer 5 km breed en vermoedelijk minder dan 300 miljoen jaar oud.
Mistastin-krater, Canada
Middlesboro-krater, VS ©Shutterstock 
De Middlesboro-krater in Kentucky dankt zijn naam aan de stad waar hij nu staat. De krater is ongeveer 5 km breed en vermoedelijk minder dan 300 miljoen jaar oud.
Tswaing-krater, Zuid-Afrika
Tswaing-krater, Zuid-Afrika ©Shutterstock 
De schilderachtige Tswaing-krater ligt ten noordwesten van Pretoria en is vermoedelijk tussen de 220.000 en 52.000 jaar oud. Met name blijkt uit archeologisch bewijs dat de krater minstens 100.000 jaar geleden door mensen werd bezocht, zoals blijkt uit stenen werktuigen uit het middensteentijdperk.

Henbury Meteorites Conservation Reserve, Australië

El'gygytgyn-krater, Rusland
El'gygytgyn-krater, Rusland ©Getty Images 
Het El'gygytgyn-meer ligt binnen de poolcirkel in het noordoosten van Siberië en werd ongeveer 3,6 miljoen jaar geleden gevormd uit een inslagkrater van een asteroïde.

Araguainha-impactstructuur, Brazilië

Araguainha-impactstructuur, Brazilië ©Getty Images 
De inslagstructuur van Araguainha is gemakkelijk herkenbaar als een cirkelvormige omtrek met een diameter van 40 km (25 mijl), gelegen op de grens van de staten Mato Grosso en Goiás. Het wordt beschouwd als de grootste inslagkrater van Zuid-Amerika.

Nördlinger Ries, Duitsland

Haughton-krater, Canada
Haughton-krater, Canada ©Getty Images
De Haughton-krater, gevonden op het eiland Devon in Nunavut, is vermoedelijk ongeveer 39 miljoen jaar oud en is het resultaat van een asteroïde-inslag die een 23 km brede krater creëerde.
Lappajärvi-krater, Finland
Lappajärvi-krater, Finland ©Shutterstock 
Het Lappajärvi-meer, gelegen in de Finse regio Zuid-Österbotten, is een watermassa die de gedeeltelijk geërodeerde meteorietinslagkrater van Lappajärvi beslaat. Deze indrukwekkende krater, die 23 kilometer (14 mijl) beslaat, dient als herinnering aan een gebeurtenis die ongeveer 76 miljoen jaar geleden plaatsvond.
Chicxulub-krater, Mexico
Chicxulub-krater, Mexico ©Getty Images 
De Chicxulub-krater, gelegen onder het schiereiland Yucatán, is het gevolg van een enorme asteroïde-botsing die ongeveer 66 miljoen jaar geleden plaatsvond en leidde tot het uitsterven van dinosauriërs. Op deze NASA-foto van het noordwestelijke deel van het schiereiland benadrukt een vage donkergroene curve de overblijfselen van de inslagkrater, die de op een na grootste ter wereld is.
Tunguska-evenement, Rusland
Tunguska-evenement, Rusland ©Getty Images 
In het jaar 1908 drong een meteoriet de atmosfeer van de aarde binnen, maar in plaats van de grond te raken, ontplofte hij in de lucht. Deze buitengewone gebeurtenis vond plaats nabij de rivier Podkamennaya Tunguska en resulteerde in een wijdverbreide verwoesting. Hoewel er zich geen zichtbare krater vormde, veroorzaakte de explosie het afvlakken van ongeveer 80 miljoen bomen, waardoor een uitgestrekt bosgebied van 2.150 vierkante kilometer (830 vierkante mijl) werd aangetast. Bekende bronnen die informatie verstrekken over dit incident zijn onder meer NASA, de National Park Service, Smithsonian Magazine, Geopark Ries en EarthSky.


Als je geïnteresseerd bent, kun je hier ook enkele van de gevaarlijkste vulkanen ter wereld verkennen: Ontdek enkele van de gevaarlijkste vulkanen ter wereld

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Milky Way is Embedded in Tilted Dark Matter Halo, Research Suggests

Milky Way is Embedded in Tilted Dark Matter Halo, Research Suggests

The outer disk of our Milky Way Galaxy is warped and flared. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these phenomena, but none have reproduced both features. Recent work has demonstrated that the Milky Way’s stellar halo is tilted with respect to the disk plane, suggesting that at least some component of the dark matter halo may also be tilted. In a new modeling study, astronomers from the Harvard and Smithsonian’s Center for Astrophysics show that a dark halo tilted in the same direction as the stellar halo can induce a warp and flare in the Milky Way’s disk at the same amplitude and orientation as the data. The work bolsters current thinking about how our Galaxy evolved and may offer clues into some of the mysteries of dark matter.

From a great distance, our Milky Way Galaxy would look like a thin disk of stars that orbits once every few hundred million years around its central region, where hundreds of billions of stars provide the gravitational ‘glue’ to hold it all together. But this pull of gravity is much weaker in the Galaxy’s far outer disk. There, the hydrogen atoms making up most of the Milky Way’s gas disk are no longer confined to a thin plane, instead they give the disk an S-like, or warped, appearance. Image credit: Xiaodian Chen.

From a great distance, our Milky Way Galaxy would look like a thin disk of stars that orbits once every few hundred million years around its central region, where hundreds of billions of stars provide the gravitational ‘glue’ to hold it all together. But this pull of gravity is much weaker in the Galaxy’s far outer disk. There, the hydrogen atoms making up most of the Milky Way’s gas disk are no longer confined to a thin plane, instead they give the disk an S-like, or warped, appearance.

Image credit: Xiaodian Chen.

The Milky Way Galaxy is located inside a diffuse cloud called the stellar halo, which extends much farther out into the Universe.

In a previous work, Jiwon Jesse Han and colleagues deduced that the stellar halo is tilted and elliptical in shape, like a zeppelin or football.

Building on that, they assumed the same shape for the dark matter halo, the larger entity that encompasses everything in and around the Milky Way.

Dark matter makes up 80% of the Galaxy’s mass but is invisible because it doesn’t interact with light, so the shape of that halo must be inferred.

Using models to calculate the orbits of stars within a tilted, oblong dark matter halo, the astronomers found a near-perfect match to existing observations of a warped, flared galaxy.

“A tilted dark halo is actually fairly common in simulations, but no one had explored its effect on the Milky Way,” said Dr. Charlie Conroy, co-author of the study.

“It turns out that the tilt is an elegant way to explain both the magnitude and direction of our Galaxy’s wobbly disk.”

Astronomers had long surmised that the Milky Way formed due to a galactic collision; the new work further underscores that hypothesis.

“If the Galaxy was just evolving on its own, it would have had this nice, spherical halo, this nice, flat disk,” Han said.

“So the fact that the halo is tilted and has a football-like shape suggests that our Galaxy experienced a merger event, where two galaxies collide.”

Their calculation of the dark matter halo’s probable shape may also provide clues as to the properties and particle nature of dark matter itself, which remain unsolved mysteries in physics.

“The fact that the Galaxy is not spherical in our data implies that there is some limit to which dark matter can interact with itself,” Han said.

“Confidence in these findings might lead to better ways to cleverly study the unobservable dark matter that makes up most of the Universe.”

“This includes new ways to pick up on kinematic signatures of dark sub-halos, which are miniature dark matter halos zipping around the Galaxy.”

A paper on the findings was published in the journal Nature Astronomy.

  • J.J. Han et al. A tilted dark halo origin of the Galactic disk warp and flare. Nat Astron, published online September 14, 2023; doi: 10.1038/s41550-023-02076-9
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U.S. Congressman Says UFOs May Be Machines of a Hidden ‘Ancient Earth Civilization’

r/StrangeEarth - US Congressman Mike Gallagher says UFOs could potentially be machines of hidden Ancient Earth civilization & now started to show up. It was also supported by Harvard scientist Avi Loeb who said UFOs could be early civilizations of Earth & Mars both.

U.S. Congressman Says UFOs May Be Machines of a Hidden ‘Ancient Earth Civilization’

For over 90 years, the UFO enigma has captivated people’s minds worldwide, sparking curiosity, debates, and countless investigations into the phenomenon. The wait is over, as David Grusch, David Fravor & Ryan Graves are set to testify before the US Congress during the congressional meetings scheduled for July 26, 2023.

Meanwhile, various theories were postulated by United States Representative Mike Gallagher on the possible origin of UFOs while he appeared on Pat McAfee’s show on June 27, 2023. The former Marine suggested that unidentified flying objects (UFOs) might possibly represent an enigmatic “ancient civilization” that had remained hidden on Earth until recently when they began to surface.

“This should be an opportunity for the government to be transparent,” he said. “If we have information that disconfirms the extraterrestrial hypothesis, or all these other ones, at least it shows the government doing something competent and being forward-leaning by declassifying information to the public.”

Rep. Gallagher made this statement in response to the wild interview of David Grusch with Ross Coutlhart that hit the media. Mr. Grusch, who is confirmed to testify before Congress in the upcoming hearings, claimed that the US government has proof of alien life and that there are spacecraft from another species. He mentions that there is a significant number of these spacecraft, some of which have landed while others have crashed.

When asked about the duration of the cover-up, Grusch mentions that the first recovery of a UAP occurred in 1933 in Magenta, Italy, during the regime of Benito Mussolini. He explains that the Italian government moved the recovered craft to a secure air base until 1944-1945 when the Vatican informed the Americans about it.

Appearing on the sports talk show, Gallagher suggested that one possible explanation of supposed UFO sightings was the so-called “Terminator” theory — derived from the film of the same name — that aliens were actually human beings from the future. Gallagher further put forth another theory, suggesting the following: “Instead of us from the future, it might indeed be an ancient civilization that has been lurking here, and suddenly it’s making its presence known.” Ancient Aliens, does it ring a bell?

A similar theory was also proposed by Tim Peake, one of Britain’s famous astronauts. He said that the UFOs filmed by the US military over 100 times could either time traveling humans or aliens from other civilizations. During an interview with Good Morning Britain in June 2022, Briton astronaut Tim Peake, who spent more than six months on the International Space Station, was asked about the UAP videos, which the Pentagon recently declassified.

Peake said: “I heard one theory where a pilot was talking about that potentially in the future, they’ve developed time travel – is it something that’s come back from the future?” He did not exactly say what the UFOs are but shared some theories that have long been discussed by UFOlogists.

“I don’t think it’s a development of any state nation or non-state organization at all. I think it’s quite remarkable when you see the video footage. It does seem extraordinary as to what these machines are capable of.”

Read also:

There is a huge buried UFO hidden outside the US, and Ross Coulthart claimed that he knows the location of this immovable craft. There is no confirmation from Coulthart about the nature of this craft if it was retrieved. However, some have speculated this could be an archeological dig. Could this particular craft potentially be a remnant of a bygone civilization?

Considering Rep. Gallagher’s theory, scientists have explored the possibility of detecting ancient civilizations in Earth’s geological record. A recent paper called “The Silurian Hypothesis” discusses how traces of industrial civilizations could be found. While fossils and artifacts are unlikely to survive over millions of years, anomalous changes in chemical compositions could serve as clues. By studying geological anomalies and applying models to other planets, scientists hope to understand if civilizations existed in the distant past.

NASA has spent many years seeking the truth regarding extraterrestrial life. Furthermore, the space agency has never denied the existence of non-human life beyond Earth in any form. This is sufficient to discuss the idea of non-human life existing beyond Earth in any form, from the microscopic to the macroscopic. Avi Loeb, a professor at Harvard, has supported the idea that there may have been earlier civilizations on both Earth and Mars, and that these civilizations may have been the origin of UAPs. (Click here to read the full article)

Mr. Loeb writes: “Planets like Mars or Earth could have given multiple births to technological civilizations that were a billion years apart and hence were not aware of each other. Like stable parents, the planets recovered from the environmental impact of these civilizations over time. We may have been separated in time from siblings that we never had the opportunity to meet and so we are unaware of their existence.”

Former Pentagon UFO official, Lue Elizondo, shared intriguing insights in an interview about crash retrievals and materials related to UFOs/UAPs. He believes the US government possesses exotic materials but lacks transparency on the matter. (Click here to read the full article)

Elizondo used an analogy of finding an out-of-place object in King Tut’s tomb to emphasize the significance of finding advanced materials before our known technology existed. Some interpreted this analogy as a hint that UFOs could be considered archaeological findings, possibly ancient rather than just old.

Interestingly, Bob Lazar, on the Joe Rogan Experience, mentioned hearing that at least one recovered UFO was found during an archaeological dig, suggesting its ancient origin. Astronomer Avi Loeb suggested that some advanced devices made by early inhabitants of Mars and Earth might still be operational elsewhere in the Solar System, potentially accounting for some Unidentified Aerial Phenomena reports.

Physicist John E. Brandenburg’s 2015 study speculated about a massive thermonuclear explosion that destroyed Mars’ once-Earthlike atmosphere, considering the Cydonian Hypothesis and Fermi’s Paradox. These ideas explore the possibility of ancient advanced civilizations in our solar system.

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Journalist Reveals Clues to Location of Huge Buried Alien Spacecraft: It can be Stormed like Area 51

Ross Coulthart on Huge buried alien spacecraft

Journalist Reveals Clues to Location of Huge Buried Alien Spacecraft: It can be Stormed like Area 51

In the past 90 years, UFO sightings have been reported countless times. However, it was only since 2017 that the world began to take the UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) seriously. From dismissing UFOs as hoaxes to conducting UAP hearings, many things have changed regarding this subject. The United States and other world governments have started treating this matter seriously, and NASA has even established a division to study these phenomena. Interestingly, there is a massive UFO buried on Earth, hidden from the public eye.

Before the 2023 Congressional UAP hearings, on the Jay Anderson show “Project Unity,” award-winning investigative journalist Ross Coulthart dropped a bomb. He revealed that there exists a huge UFO in the possession of the United States that cannot be moved, and he knows the location of the craft. Ross mentioned the existence of non-human intelligence engaging with Earth for a long time and the recovery of certain objects, but he could not disclose specific details due to concerns about revealing advanced technologies.

In the interview, Coulthart discussed the potential implications of the new US Senate intelligence bill. He mentions Douglas Dean Johnson’s writings about the bill, which apparently requires holders of non-earth origin or exotic UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) material to make it available to the All Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) within six months.

Anderson raises a concern that this six-month window could give those holding such materials enough time to hide or conceal them. Ross acknowledged the possibility but suggested that some of the UAP materials could be so large that they cannot be easily moved. He mentions the existence of a building constructed over such a massive object in a foreign country, which may sound preposterous to some.

Okay, people are going to question what I’m about to say. What if some of that [__] is so big it can’t be moved?. [They are] so big they built a building over it in a country outside of the United States of America. I know that sounds preposterous, and I know, oh my God, you can just hear them now, the bleeding debunkers. Let’s see this investigated. Let’s just see what happens. Let’s test these allegations before Congress,” Ross said.

He highlighted the importance of conshttps://www.howandwhys.com/idering the implications if some of the claims, such as those made by David Grush, turn out to be true. He specifically mentions the idea that certain objects might be too large to be moved, which Anderson finds astonishing. Coulthart revealed to Anderson that he shared this information for the first time in the interview.

Further, at the end of his interview, Coulthart claims that he knows the exact location of this gigantic UFO. He is sure that this information would come out one day.

“It’s really interesting because it’s absolutely gobsmacking that it’s being kept as a secret. Imagine having an object that’s so big, it’s just not conceivable to move it. I thought it was bollocks when I heard it too, and most people listening to this will, anyway. But yeah, I mean, again, just an allegation, but one that I’m, you know, assured should be taken seriously and hopefully will be investigated by Congress. Because, again, where did the money come from? What’s that money accounted for? The continued security and control of such an object for many decades. Who’s paid for that? What programs have paid for that? Has that been disclosed to taxpayers? This is gonna be a really fun inquiry if Congress starts doing its…”

In a recent episode of “The UFO Podcast,” host Andy engaged in a thought-provoking conversation with Ross. The discussion centered around the secrecy surrounding UFO sightings and government knowledge. Ross, who has deep insights into the matter, shared his perspective on why certain details remain undisclosed.

Andy began by addressing a critical question that’s been on the minds of many UFO enthusiasts: the location of the mysterious craft. He asked Ross whether he could reveal where the craft was being held.

Ross responded: “Let me tell you, I can’t tell you the country it’s in; it’s not America. But what I can tell you is that the place where it is kept is used for another purpose that is a laudatory purpose that’s as much in your interests in your country in the UK as it is in mine in Australia and as it is in America. The simple reasons are that there are other uses for the place where this object is stored, and we could end up with a storm Area 51 type scenario if you came out and announced it.”

Ross went on to explain the potential consequences of revealing such information, including international incidents and threats to the safety of personnel at the facilities. He also emphasized the importance of protecting sources, drawing on his experience as a journalist dealing with sensitive intelligence:

Ross Coulthart: “I don’t want the personnel in those facilities to be hurt, and it could create an international incident. I mean, it’s up to the US to make a judgment about it. So many people privately know what’s going on. What’s going on is pretty bloody horrifying and confronting and outrageous. I know the White House knows about it.”

Ross further says “I’ve been in situations where I’ve known the identities of active intelligence operatives in countries overseas, and I’ve realized, Christ, if I published this, I could jeopardize their lives. There is an element of source protection as well.”

He expressed a wish for more significant leadership and transparency from the US government. “I wish somebody in the US intelligence community would show leadership and develop a spine and go to the White House National Security adviser and say, ‘Mr. Sullivan, for God’s sake, let us put out some kind of a statement because we really are at that state at the moment.'”

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Ross believes that the evidence regarding non-human intelligence engaging with the planet is undeniable and should be shared with the public. “I think they should say that we are aware of a non-human intelligence engaging with this planet, and the reason I say that they should say that is because I know the evidence is incontrovertible.”

This revelation left the UFO community curious about the place where the craft might be situated. Interestingly, the late former CIA pilot John Lear previously mentioned the existence of buried crafts too massive to move. In 2018, Lear posted on Facebook, recounting the enigmatic tale of a massive buried UFO near Garrison, Utah. This peculiar incident became a topic of discussion at a UFO conference in Las Vegas, piquing Lear’s curiosity. (Click here to read the full article)

Lear even provided the coordinates of the location: Latitude 38 degrees 37 minutes 40 seconds North, Longitude 113 degrees 40 minutes 40 seconds West. This further deepens the mystery, leaving people intrigued about the truth surrounding the buried UFO near Garrison, Utah.

Moreover, there is alleged John Lear’s statement on the alien presence, posted to Paranet on December 29, 1987. Here are the paragraphs published by UFOmind.com discussing the buried craft: [this page was first archived on January 31, 1997]

“Moore is also in possession of more Aquarius documents a few pages of which leaked out several years ago and detailed the supersecret NSA project which had been denied by them until just recently. In a letter to Senator John Glenn NSA’s Director of Policy Julia B. Wetzel wrote, “Apparently there is or was an Air Force project by that name Aquarius) which dealt with UFO’s. Coincidentally, there is also an NSA project by that name.”

NSA’s project Aquarius deals specifically with the ‘communications with aliens’ (the EBE’s). Within the Aquarius program was project ‘Snowbird’ a project to test fly A recovered alien aircraft at Groom Lake, Nevada. This project continues today at that location. In the words of an individual who works at Groom Lake ‘our people are much better at taking things apart than they are at putting them back together’. Another saw a saucer being trucked into the Nevada Test Site in March of 1988. Still another informant witnessed a saucer being buried at that location (for God knows whatever reason) during the second week of August 1988.”

There is another version of this statement: (Source)

“Germany may have recovered a flying saucer as early as 1939. General James H. Doolittle went to Sweden in 1946 to inspect a flying saucer that had crashed there in Spitzbergen…

In July of 1952, a panicked government watched helplessly as squadron of “flying saucers” flew over Washington, D.C., and buzzed the White House, the Capitol Building, and the Pentagon. It took all the imagination and intimidation the government could muster to force that incident out of the memory of the public.

Thousands of sightings occurred during the Korean war and several more saucers were retrieved by the Air Force. Some were stored at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, some were stored at Air Force bases near the location of the crash sight.

One saucer was so enormous and the logistic problems in transportation so enormous that it was buried at the crash sight and remains there today. The stories are legendary on transporting crashed saucers over long distances, moving only at night, purchasing complete farms, slashing through forests, blocking major highways, sometimes driving 2 and 3 lo-boys in tandem with an extraterrestrial load a hundred feet in diameter.”

On Neil Mitchel’s radio show in Australia, Ross offered valuable insights into the evolving landscape of UAP disclosures. He speculated about the possibility of the UFO truth becoming public knowledge in the near future, suggesting that within 12 to 18 months, the world might have a clearer understanding of the mysterious phenomenon of UAPs and UFOs. “I think that the world will probably know publicly within, I suspect, 12 to 18 months,” he said.

Now, Andy asked Ross to expand on how we might transition from the current state of awaiting legislation to a potential acknowledgment within the specified timeframe. Ross emphasized that his optimism about a forthcoming disclosure was contingent on key legislative actions. He explained that if the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and the Intelligence Act passed with UAP reforms that mandated informing Congress about any Legacy UAP program, it could open the door to greater transparency. He continued to say, “I’m very optimistic that by the end of next year or the year following, early in the year following, we’ll have an idea of what’s been going on, and that’s because essentially Congress is mandating that this happen.”

However, Ross expressed a concern regarding Congress’s commitment to informing the public, noting that leaks could occur even if Congress decided not to disclose information. He stated, “I’m amazed Congress hasn’t leaked already, frankly because I know what’s been said to very important intelligence committees both in the house and in the Senate.”

Ross highlighted the significance of former senior public officials coming forward to share their knowledge and insights in the next 12 months. He expected that more of these individuals would break their silence. He also raised questions about the possibility of future hearings involving the Intelligence Community Inspector General, Thomas Monheim, and his investigation into David Grush’s claims.

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NASA’s Psyche Mission Launches to a Metal-Rich Rock in the Asteroid Belt

NASA’s Psyche Mission Launches to a Metal-Rich Rock in the Asteroid Belt

The mission lifted off via a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket.

 
A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket with the Psyche spacecraft launches from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in...
CHANDAN KHANNA/AFP/Get Images

This morning, a new NASA mission launched toward one of the Solar System’s strangest residents.

Asteroid 16 Psyche is a metal-rich object that may be a remnant of an ancient collision that rendered the heart of a now-dead planet bare. Or, it signals that the Solar System used to be more peculiar than once thought, with Psyche having grown out from a particularly metal-rich pocket. Astronomers don’t know much about this oddity in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, a distance about three times farther than Earth is from the Sun.

After a delay last week due to weather conditions, NASA’s Psyche spacecraft set sail toward the metal-rich asteroid. The mission launched on Friday at 10:19 a.m. Eastern time from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, atop a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket.

Its next major maneuver is to unfurl its cross-shaped solar panels. This takes place an hour after launch, and each wing will take a little more than seven minutes to deploy and latch into place. When they are fully deployed, the spacecraft will reach the size of a singles tennis court.

WHERE IS THE SPACECRAFT GOING?

Then, the spacecraft settles into its six-year journey to asteroid Psyche. The asteroid's distance from the Sun is about 235 million to 309 million miles, But the probe will travel 2.5 billion miles through the Solar System to reach it, cruising in an ever-expanding spiral and hopscotching on Mars’ gravity to speed up and set its trajectory.

When the spacecraft finally enters orbit around asteroid Psyche, the trio of instruments onboard will collect data from various altitudes, ranging from 400 miles and getting up-close to just around 47 miles above the asteroid’s surface, which Nicky Fox, associate administrator for NASA’s science directorate, called “freaking cool!”

An artist’s illustration of NASA’s Psyche spacecraft as it approaches the asteroid Psyche. The mission launched this morning and will arrive at the asteroid in 2029. 

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/ASU

WHY IS NASA STUDYING ASTEROIDS LIKE PSYCHE?

Psyche is one of several active asteroid-centric missions at NASA. The space agency witnessed the descent of samples from asteroid Bennu on September 24, the first time it had attained such a dusty prize.

The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft, which plucked this material, is now sailing towards Apophis, an intriguing asteroid that will fly near Earth in 2029. Another NASA mission called Lucy is flying through the Solar System towards a mysterious population of asteroids near Jupiter. Before it reaches its first of these so-called Trojan asteroids, it will visit asteroid Dinkinesh on November 1, 2023.

Studying these pieces of space rock helps scientists better understand the origins of the universe and what occurred as planets were forming. The asteroid Psyche is even more intriguing. Preliminary research suggests that it could be dense, and be abundant in iron. Scientists will have a better understanding of Psyche and what it could mean once they get a closer look. Unfortunately, they’ll have to wait until 2029.

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The Intriguing Tales of Bob Lazar: Area 51’s Most Controversial Whistleblower

The Intriguing Tales of Bob Lazar: Area 51’s Most Controversial Whistleblower

bob-lazar

In the realm of UFO enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists, few names shine as brightly as Bob Lazar. As the man who famously blew the whistle on Area 51 and the U.S. government’s alleged extraterrestrial projects, Lazar’s tale is a gripping mix of suspense, revelation, and controversy.

Las Vegas, 1989: Most of the world knew little about Area 51, a top-secret military installation buried deep in the Nevada desert. But on May 15th, an investigative report on local TV station KLAS would change that forever. An anonymous figure, only identified as “Dennis”, was interviewed. Veiled in shadows, “Dennis” made startling claims: he had been employed at Area 51 and had witnessed nine extraterrestrial flying discs. This, he declared, was technology far beyond our current understanding.

The claims might have vanished into the abyss of conspiracy theories, except for one detail: “Dennis” was soon revealed to be Bob Lazar. By unveiling his identity, Lazar effectively put himself in the crosshairs. He believed this was his safety net – by publicizing his knowledge, he felt he would be less likely to vanish mysteriously. And as he would later share, his life had already been threatened, his home invaded, and menacing messages left for him.

Over the years, Lazar’s revelations have continued to captivate. He described alien reactors, machines that, if understood, could revolutionize our world, reshaping everything from transport to the economy. Imagine a world without the need for fuel, where travel is not bound by our current limitations. It’s a utopia that, according to Lazar, could become a reality if the secrets of Area 51 are fully unveiled.

Yet, after his explosive allegations, Lazar stepped back from the limelight, preferring a life out of the public gaze. However, the allure of his narrative never truly faded. In 2018, filmmaker Jeremy Corbell brought Lazar’s story back into focus with the documentary “Bob Lazar: Area 51, and Flying Saucers.” In it, Lazar reiterated his claims, asserting that in the late 1980s, the U.S. government had, indeed, recovered multiple alien spacecrafts, studying them secretly in the desert.

But, as with all such tales, there are skeptics. The U.S. government has consistently denied Lazar’s allegations, and some critics argue inconsistencies in his narrative. Yet, whether one believes Lazar’s tales or not, his influence is undeniable. Thanks to him, Area 51 is now synonymous with extraterrestrial mysteries, and his story continues to inspire debates, research, and the quest for the truth about our universe.

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A Huge New Gaia Data Release: More Stars, Gravitational Lenses and Asteroids

Gaia_view_of_Omega_Centauri_Focused_Product_Release_pillars.jpg

The ESA's Gaia observatory expanded its targets to include the tightly-packed center of Omega Centauri, an ancient globular cluster. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowedgements: Michele Trabucchi, Nami Mowlavi and Thomas Lebzelter

A Huge New Gaia Data Release: More Stars, Gravitational Lenses and Asteroids

The ESA’s Gaia mission is releasing a new tranche of astronomical data. The mission has released three regular, massive hauls of data since it launched in 2013, named Gaia DR1, DR2, and DR3. The ESA is calling this one a ‘focused product release,’ and while it’s smaller than the previous three releases, it’s still impactful.

The Gaia mission can fly under the radar for most of us. It doesn’t generate gorgeous images that work their way through the internet like the James Webb Space Telescope or the Hubble. Instead, it makes a muscular contribution in the form of foundational, raw data that affects a wide array of issues in astronomy and astrophysics.

Gaia’s mission is simple: it measures the motions, distances, and positions of a billion stars with extreme precision, known collectively as astrometry. Along the way, it also measures the positions of some exoplanets. Its goal is to paint our most detailed picture of the Milky Way yet and to reveal new perspectives on our place in the Universe.

In this new targeted release, Gaia covered up some gaps in its previous coverage, including regions where stars are tightly packed together. Gaia does its work by examining individual stars. But in this release, it turned its attention to other things, including globular clusters.

“We’ve dployed this amazing cosmic tool at maximum power.”

Alexey Mints, Gaia Collaboration Member

Globular clusters (GCs) are ancient, spheroidal groups of stars bound together by gravity. They can contain millions of stars and are found in galaxies, including our own. Omega Centauri was the first GC humanity knew about, though in antiquity, we thought it was a single star. It’s 17,000 light years away and has about 10 million member stars.

The ESA decided to put Gaia to work on Omega Centauri, also called NGC 5139.

This is Omega Centauri, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2008. Image Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Acknowledgement: A. Cool (San Francisco State Univ.) and J. Anderson (STScI)

This is Omega Centauri, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2008. Image Credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) Acknowledgement: A. Cool (San Francisco State Univ.) and J. Anderson (STScI)

Omega Centauri is regarded as a typical GC, and it’s also the most massive one in the Milky Way. To study it, the ESA used a testing and calibration mode on the observatory that wasn’t designed for science. “We didn’t expect to ever use it for science, which makes this result even more exciting,” said Katja Weingrill of the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics in Potsdam, Germany. Weingrill is also a member of the Gaia collaboration and the lead author of one of several papers presenting the new results.

The observing mode differs because it doesn’t focus on individual stars. Instead, it mapped a wide patch of sky that included Omega Centauri. The observatory added over half a million new stars it hadn’t seen before.

“In?Omega?Centauri,?we?discovered?over?half?a?million?new?stars?Gaia hadn’t?seen?before?– from?just?one?cluster!” said Weingrill.

Gaia examined Omega Centauri and saw ten times more stars in the cluster's core. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia.

Gaia examined Omega Centauri and saw ten times more stars in the cluster’s core. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia.

It turns out that Gaia’s engineering mode can make a contribution that the observatory’s regular observing mode can’t. The stars in Omega Centauri’s center are so tightly packed that they’re difficult to distinguish. But not in engineering mode.

“It’s not just patching up holes in our mapping, although this is valuable in itself,” added co-author and Gaia Collaboration member Alexey Mints, also of the AIP. “Our data allowed us to detect stars that are too close together to be properly measured in Gaia’s regular pipeline. With the new data, we can study the cluster’s structure, how the constituent stars are distributed, how they’re moving, and more, creating a complete large-scale map of Omega Centauri. It’s using Gaia to its full potential – we’ve deployed this amazing cosmic tool at maximum power.”

This image shows Gaia's two different "views" of Omega Centauri. The image on the left is from Gaia's DR3, and the core appears dark and empty because the observatory can't see any stars in science mode. On the right is Gaia's image of Omega Centauri from its engineering mode. It found so many stars that the core is solidly bright. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

This image shows Gaia’s two different “views” of Omega Centauri. The image on the left is from Gaia’s DR3, and the core appears dark and empty because the observatory can’t see any stars in science mode. On the right is Gaia’s image of Omega Centauri from its engineering mode. It found so many stars that the core is solidly bright. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

Omega Centauri is ancient. Its stars are between 10 and 12 billion years old. GC’s role in the evolution of galaxies is unclear, as are their origins. They may be remnants of galaxy mergers, but scientists aren’t certain. This robust new data from Gaia may help answer our questions about GCs as it has with other issues in astronomy.Gaia is going to use its engineering mode to explore eight more regions similar to Omega Centauri. Those results will be included in the upcoming DR4, due sometime after 2025.

The splendid Omega Centauri isn’t the only target in Gaia’s new release. Though it was never intended to study cosmology, the observatory looked deep into the Universe and found gravitational lenses. Gravitational lenses are extraordinarily massive objects like galaxy clusters. Their mass bends and magnifies the light, and when they’re between us and an object even more distant than the lens, we can see the distant object of interest.

This illustration shows how a gravitational lens works. The orange arrows show the apparent location of the background source being studied, and the white arrows show how the light from the source bends around the gravitational lens in the middle. Image Credit: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=112602 This illustration shows how a gravitational lens works. The orange arrows show the apparent location of the background source being studied, and the white arrows show how the light from the source bends around the gravitational lens in the middle. Image Credit: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=112602

Gravitational lenses allow astronomers to see extremely distant objects as long as everything lines up right. Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicted their existence, and now they’re one more tool in astronomers’ toolboxes. They bring objects that are ordinarily too distant to observe within range. Distant, puzzling quasars are one of the objects that gravitational lenses bring into view.

Gaia found almost 400 candidate quasars and 50 that are almost certainly quasars.

“Gaia is a real lens-seeker,” said Christine Ducourant?of Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, France, and a member of the Gaia collaboration. “Thanks to Gaia, we’ve found that some of the objects we see aren’t simply stars, even though they look like them. They’re actually really distant lensed quasars – extremely bright, energetic galactic cores powered by black holes. We now present 381 solid candidates for lensed quasars, including 50 that we deem highly likely: a goldmine for cosmologists and the largest set of candidates ever released at once.”

Gaia also uncovered five quasars that are quadruply-lensed. These are extremely rare and play an important role in understanding dark matter halos, regions of dark matter uncoupled from the Universe’s expansion.

Lensed quasars are difficult to see. Their images can clump together and become indistinct. They’re challenging to search for, but not for Gaia.

“The great thing about Gaia is that it looks everywhere, so we can find lenses without needing to know where to look,” said Laurent Galluccio of Université Côte d’Azur, France, and member of the Gaia collaboration. “With this data release, Gaia is the first mission to achieve an all-sky survey of gravitational lenses at high resolution.”

The elegant thing about space observatories like Gaia is how their results fuel the efforts of other telescopes and observatories. Just as the Hubble Telescope helped pave the way for the JWST, Gaia is helping pave the way for another ESA mission, Euclid. Euclid launched in July 2023 with a cosmological survey mission. Its job is to make a 3D map of the Universe based on billions of galaxies. It’s like Gaia, but it’ll map galaxies instead of stars. Gaia’s lensed quasars can help Euclid’s observations.

Several new research papers present Gaia’s new results, and they focus on things like asteroids and variable stars.

Gaia’s DR3 from June 2022 contained 150,000 asteroids. The new focused release provides more information on these asteroids by watching them for a longer period of time. These extended observations produced more detailed orbits for the asteroids that are 20 times as precise.

This image shows the orbits of over 150,000 asteroids. Gaia's new data release improved the accuracy of their measured orbits. The blue circle signifies Jupiter's orbit. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

This image shows the orbits of over 150,000 asteroids. Gaia’s new data release improved the accuracy of their measured orbits. The blue circle signifies Jupiter’s orbit. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

A more precise understanding of asteroid orbits is valuable for different reasons. One is that we don’t want one to hit us, and interdiction depends on accurate orbital data. But asteroids are also fascinating objects of scientific study that can tell us a lot about how the Solar System formed. Improved orbits could lead to more missions to asteroids to study them and even sample them. Astronomers can only calculate potential positions for many asteroids, and Gaia’s new data increases accuracy by reducing the number of potential positions.

The final subject in Gaia’s focused release is variable stars. Their brightness fluctuates in two ways. Either it’s due to something external, like a cloud of dust passing in front of the star, or something internal to the star, like swelling or shrinking. The two types of variables are called extrinsic and intrinsic variables. Variable stars are important to astrophysics because they can give us information about stellar properties like mass, radius, luminosity, temperature, internal and external structure, composition, and evolution. We don’t have any other way to acquire some of this information except from the study of variable stars.

In its new focused data release, Gaia delivered data on 10,000 variable stars. Variable stars are also key tools in determining cosmic distances, so having better data on such a massive number of variable stars will eventually help lead to a better understanding of the cosmic ladder.

Each symbol on this skymap indicates the position of one of the sources in Gaia's data. Each one is colour-coded according to the type of variable star. Red are long-period variables (LPVs) whose variability is driven by the star pulsating. Green dots are so-called 'long secondary period' stars (LSPs), whose cause of variability is still debated but believed to be linked to a cloud of dust orbiting the star. Blue symbols are ellipsoidal variables: red giants that are part of a binary system with a dense, compact object distorted into an egg-like shape due to its companion's powerful gravitational pull. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgements: Michele Trabucchi, Nami Mowlavi and Thomas Lebzelter

Each symbol on this skymap indicates the position of one of the sources in Gaia’s data. Each one is colour-coded according to the type of variable star. Red are long-period variables (LPVs) whose variability is driven by the star pulsating. Green dots are so-called ‘long secondary period’ stars (LSPs), whose cause of variability is still debated but believed to be linked to a cloud of dust orbiting the star. Blue symbols are ellipsoidal variables: red giants that are part of a binary system with a dense, compact object distorted into an egg-like shape due to its companion’s powerful gravitational pull.  Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Acknowledgements: Michele Trabucchi, Nami Mowlavi and Thomas Lebzelter “The mission is providing a truly unique insight into the Universe and the objects within it.” Timo Prusti, Gaia Project Scientist.

“This data release further demonstrates Gaia’s broad and fundamental value – even on topics it wasn’t initially designed to address,” said Timo Prusti, Project Scientist for Gaia at ESA.

Gaia is a star surveyor at heart, and it excels at it. But this focused data release shows that it’s capable of an even larger contribution. “Although its key focus is as a star surveyor, Gaia is exploring everything from the rocky bodies of the Solar System to multiply imaged quasars lying billions of light-years away, far beyond the edges of the Milky Way,” said Prusti. “The mission is providing a truly unique insight into the Universe and the objects within it, and we’re really making the most of its broad, all-sky perspective on the skies around us.”

Gaia can get lost in the deluge of headlines from telescopes like the James Webb and the Hubble and even from installations as arcane as neutrino observatories. But it keeps chugging along, and instead of generating headlines, it generates bedrock knowledge that feeds into all sorts of research. It’s becoming increasingly rare to encounter published research in astronomy and astrophysics that doesn’t rely, even in some small way, on Gaia’s foundational data.

It’s nice to see Gaia be the star of the show, even if it’s only for a short time.

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