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Our Solar System May Have Had A Fifth 'Giant' Planet

Our Solar System May Have Had A Fifth 'Giant' Planet
The missing planet bumped into Neptune before disappearing into the abyss of space, according to a new study.
The four gas giant planets in our solar system -- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune -- may have a long-lost relative. According to a new study, our system was once home to a fifth gas giant that suddenly vanished some 4 billion years ago after a run-in with Neptune.
Indirect evidence for this lost world is seen in a strange cluster of icy objects -- called the "kernel" -- in the Kuiper Belt. That's the vast region of primordial debris that encircles the sunbeyond the orbit of Neptune.
"The Kuiper Belt is a perfect clue to understanding how the solar system evolved since its formation," study author Dr. David Nesvorny, an astronomer at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., told New Scientist.
For the study, Nesvorny created computer simulations of Neptune and the "kernel" cluster as they were 4 billion years ago in the early solar system. At the time, the cluster is believed to have been in Neptune's gravitational grasp. But then, according to the simulations, something happened to cause the cluster to escape Neptune's gravitational pull -- placing the cluster and Neptune in their present locations.
This is where the lost planet comes in: the simulations suggest that it must have been another gas giant that bumped Neptune and caused it and the "kernel" to part ways.
"The location and magnitude of Neptune's jump obtained in this model matches quite nicely the pattern that is needed for the formation of the 'kernel,'" Nesvorny told The Huffington Post in an email.
And according to the simulations, the planet couldn't have been one of the worlds currently in our solar system. The mysterious planet may have been ejected from the solar system after encountering Neptune.
In 2011, Nesvorny authored a previous study -- which involved thousands of computer simulations -- that suggested that the best way to explain the current orbits of the solar system's four giant planets was to include a missing fifth planet.
"I tend to believe that it may be very difficult to find any evidence for the fifth planet," Nesvorny said in the email. "I started looking into [the] formation of the Kuiper Belt, because I was worried that the orbital structures seen there are inconsistent with my model. Now I realized that the opposite may be true. It was certainly a surprise."
What do other scientists think of Nesvorny's new study?
"What Nesvorny's models are doing is being very self-consistent and getting multiple structures right at once, which is really quite amazing," Dr. J.J. Kavelaars, an astronomer at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Victoria, British Columbia, who was not involved in the research, told Science magazine.
Wonders Of Astronomy

In March, after a 6 1/2-year, 4.9 billion mile journey, NASA's Messenger spacecraft reached Mercury's orbit.
Messenger, the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury,


In December, NASA released new images that Dawn took when it was orbiting only 130 miles above the asteroid, the closest it will get to Vesta.

Astronomers announced Kepler-16b, which is the first circumbinary planet -- meaning it orbits two stars -- in September.
Click here for more on Kepler-16b.


The massive black holes, which are 10 billion times the size of the sun, are located over 300 million light years away.

In November, though, astronomers analyzing data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft found evidence that suggests blocks of ice interact with water below the surface, which could mean that nutrients and energy are moving between the underground ocean and icy shell.
Britney Schmidt, the lead author of the study,which appeared in the journal Nature, said that the interaction "could make Europa and its ocean more habitable for life."
Click here to read more about water on Europa

"The sun's magnetic field extends all the way to the edge of the solar system," astronomer Merav Opher of Boston University said in a NASA statement. "Because the sun spins, its magnetic field becomes twisted and wrinkled, a bit like a ballerina's skirt. Far, far away from the sun, where the Voyagers are, the folds of the skirt bunch up."
Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched in 1977. Voyager 1 is currently 11 billion miles away and may exit our solar system within the next few years.

"This tells a slam-dunk story that water flowed through underground fractures in the rock," Steve Squyres, a planetary scientist at Cornell University and the principal investigator for Opportunity said in a NASA statement.

While the planets are too close to their sun-like star to harbor life as we know it, the discovery proved that the Kepler spacecraft was capable of spotting planets that are Earth-size, and brings us one step closer to finding a true Earth twin.
The new study was published online in The Astronomical Journal on August 10, 2015.
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