NASA Hunting Asteroid Worth Quadrillions of Dollars

 MJ Banias

The massive 16 Psyche asteroid is not only an interesting piece of rock, but the minerals she’s made up of are literally worth quadrillions of dollars. Being wildly fascinating and extremely rich does have its perks, and NASA is definitely courting her.

Earlier this year, NASA confirmed a mission to 16 Psyche. About a month ago, they bumped up their timeline, and now the mission seems to be ahead of schedule. The launch of  the Psyche robotic spacecraft will occur in 2022. Employing a fancy sling shot maneuver using the gravity of Earth and Mars, the spacecraft will reach the asteroid by 2026.

The reason for NASA’s interest in this asteroid is that it is comprised totally of nickel and iron, the same metals which make up the Earth’s core. The working theory is that 16 Psyche is actually the core of a long dead planet, which was roughly the same size as Mars, but was ripped apart due to massive collisions billions of years ago. While NASA views this as an opportunity to view a planetary core, similar to that of our own ‘terra firma‘, the niggling reality of a corpse planet serves as a cold reminder to an unfriendly cosmos.

The current theory as to how 16 Psyche may have been formed.

(Image: Arizona State University)

Only slightly less interesting is that the asteroid has an estimated value of $10,000 quadrillion American dollars. The nickel and iron content of 16 Pysche is enough to crash the Earth’s entire economic system. The current gross world product (GWP) is only about $74 trillion, so humanity can only hope 16 Psyche gives change.

Lindy Elkins-Tanton, the lead scientist on the NASA mission and the director of Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration, stated in an interview that,

Even if we could grab a big metal piece and drag it back here … what would you do? Could you kind of sit on it and hide it and control the global resource — kind of like diamonds are controlled corporately — and protect your market? What if you decided you were going to bring it back and you were just going to solve the metal resource problems of humankind for all time? This is wild speculation obviously.

The technology required to drag a 200 kilometre wide metal asteroid from its current orbit, and bring it back to Earth, is still quite a ways away.  The Psyche mission is purely to observe the asteroid, and not to begin mining operations. The spacecraft will send data back to Earth which should help scientists here better understand how planets form, as well as how and why planets, such as Earth, separate into layers that make up the core, mantle and crust.

In addition to learning more about Earth, the NASA team also believes that asteroids such as 16 Psyche could provide possible life lines in space. New research suggests that this asteroid could be full of water. As humans endeavour deeper into space, similar asteroids could be used as sources of water. Elkins-Tanton notes,

That water can be used to make rocket fuel or be drunk by people, so then we’d have a resource stop that has metal and water.

While this is all still speculative, by 2026, NASA will get a close up view of 16 Psyche. Perhaps the intimate knowledge of a dead planet will remind humanity that its current squabbling over politics, religions, and resources are meaningless to the cosmos.

(Featured image: Arizona State University)

 TAGS: 16 Psyche, asteroid, Astronomy, nasa, Science

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Exoplanet HD 131399 Ab turns out to be a background star, new study finds

 by Tomasz Nowakowski

cADI PSF-subtracted images of HD 131399 Ab obtained with GPI in 2017 in J (top left), H (top right and bottom left), and K1 (bottom right) bands. A two-pixel lowpass filter was applied on the images to suppress shot noise. Intensity scales are linear, different in each image, and chosen to saturate the PSF of HD 131399 Ab. The central star is masked numerically, and its position is marked by the white cross. Credit: Nielsen et al., 2017.

(Phys.org)—A new study conducted by an international team of astronomers suggests that a recently discovered alien world, designated HD 131399 Ab, may not be a planet at all, but rather a background star. The researchers presented evidence supporting their hypothesis in a paper published online May 19 on the arXiv pre-print repository.

HD 131399 Ab was discovered in July 2016 using the SPHERE imager of the Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile. Located some 316 light years away from the Earth, the object was initially classified as an exoplanet orbiting its parent star HD 131399 A every 550 years at a distance of about 80 AU from the host. The star is part of the triple system HD 131399 in the constellation Centaurus.

A reanalysis of the available data from SPHERE, as well as new photometric and spectroscopic observations carried out with the use of two other instruments, has led the researchers to call into question our current knowledge about HD 131399 Ab. The team led by Eric Nielsen of the SETI Institute, reinvestigated this object using the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) installed on the Gemini South Telescope in Chile, the NIRC2 near-infrared imager mounted on the Keck II telescope in Hawaii and also the SPHERE instrument to derive colors, spectra, and astrometry for HD 131399 Ab.

"The analysis of the data reveals unexpected spectroscopic and astrometric results that motivated the reanalysis of some of the already published data obtained with VLT/SPHERE," the astronomers wrote in the paper.

After its detection, HD 131399 Ab was classified as a young and massive planet. The astronomers discovered that HD 131399 Ab is about 16 million years old and has the mass of approximately four Jupiter masses. The new study, based on the data collected in 2017, presents the hypothesis that the object is a K or M dwarf star.

By analyzing the escape velocity of HD 131399 Ab, the researchers ruled out the possibility that the object is a bound planet. According to the authors of the paper, the probability that HD 131399 Ab is a background object is about 43,000 times greater than the probability that it is a bound planet.

The team also excluded other hypotheses such as the possibility that HD 131399 Ab is a planet or a planetary-mass object in the process of ejection from the system.

"We note this is very unlikely a priori, since the chance of observing a 16 Myr star just as it is ejecting its planet is very low," the researchers wrote.

According to the team, the most plausible hypothesis is that HD 131399 Ab is a background star. They found that spectra and magnitudes of the object obtained by GPI and the revised data from SPHERE are mostly consistent with a K or a M dwarf, the most probable candidates for a background object.

"When compared to predicted background objects drawn from a galactic model, we find this proper motion to be high, but consistent with the top 4 percent fastest-moving background stars. From our analysis, we conclude that HD 131399 Ab is a background K or M dwarf," the authors concluded.

 Explore further: Astronomers discover new substellar companion using microlensing

More information: 

Evidence that the Directly-Imaged Planet HD 131399 Ab is a Background Star, arXiv:1705.06851 [astro-ph.EP] arxiv.org/abs/1705.06851

Abstract 
We present evidence that the recently discovered, directly-imaged planet HD 131399 Ab is a background star with non-zero proper motion. From new JHK1L' photometry and spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini Planet Imager, VLT/SPHERE, and Keck/NIRC2, and a reanalysis of the discovery data obtained with VLT/SPHERE, we derive colors, spectra, and astrometry for HD 131399 Ab. The broader wavelength coverage and higher data quality allow us to re-investigate its status. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution excludes spectral types later than L0 and is consistent with a K or M dwarf, which are the most likely candidates for a background object in this direction at the apparent magnitude observed. If it were a physically associated object, the projected velocity of HD 131399 Ab would exceed escape velocity given the mass and distance to HD 131399 A. We show that HD 131399 Ab is also not following the expected track for a stationary background star at infinite distance. Solving for the proper motion and parallax required to explain the relative motion of HD 131399 Ab, we find a proper motion of 12.3 mas/yr. When compared to predicted background objects drawn from a galactic model, we find this proper motion to be high, but consistent with the top 4% fastest-moving background stars. From our analysis we conclude that HD 131399 Ab is a background K or M dwarf.

© 2017 Phys.org

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NASA to launch new manned Mars rovers in 2020

Astronauts would be sent to deep space farther than Earth's orbit by 2019 with the help of NASA's Space Launch System.

Nupur Jha

Mars Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, land on opposite sides of Mars and begin exploring the planet. Since their landing, the rovers have sent more than 100,000 high-resolution, full-color images of the planet's surface.

NASA/ Thuy Mai

The new manned version of Mars rovers has been revealed and is likely to be launched by NASA in 2020. Hollywood movies like Tron inspired the researchers to make this new generation of rovers.

Also Read: NASA to launch its first-ever neutron star exploring mission with NICER [VIDEO]

The duo, Shanon and Marc Parker, created these rovers in a span of less than five months. The new type of manned Mars rovers will be around 11-feet tall, 13-feet wide and 24-feet long, and will six wheels and an alien design, a report by Pulse Headlines revealed.

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The new rovers were built by the Parker brothers from scratch. It is like an SUV which consists of a mock lab where the astronauts can conduct their experiments. The new design of the manned rovers will be revealed soon by NASA.

The inSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission is scheduled to be launched on May 5, 2018. It will arrive on the Red Planet on November 28, 2018, and transmit the newly-collected data regarding the emergence of Mars and how it developed over time, to Earth.

Astronauts would be sent to deep space farther than Earth's orbit by 2019 with the help of NASA's Space Launch System.

Also, Earth's conditions and disturbing natural calamities taking place in its ecosystem, like earthquake, would be analysed by the researchers using NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar.

Apart from this, other missions are lined up which the space agency will be carrying out in the future like the NASA Asteroid Redirect Mission, which is scheduled to take place in 2021 when a sample will be collected from an asteroid.

The agency also plans to carry out the Psyche mission by 2022, in which the unique, metallic asteroid -- Psyche -- which orbits Sun between Mars and Jupiter will be examined. Researchers believe that this would provide them with more data about how planets are formed, Science World Report revealed.

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'I saw aliens and Roswell UFO' CIA agent in shock deathbed confession on Area 51

AN ALLEGED former CIA agent and military officer gave a shocking deathbed "confession" in which he claimed to have seen living extraterrestrials and alien space craft secretly stored in the mysterious Area 51 US Air Force base.

Best Space Stories of The Week!

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Mac Slavo

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BUITENAARDSE INVASIE ENGELSE WESTKUST LIJKT WERKELIJK BEGONNEN? ( VIDEO )

Enkele weken geleden schreven wij in een artikel over de mogelijke makers van de graancirkels in Engeland en dat een grote krant zich afvroeg of de buitenaardse invasie in zuidwest Engeland was begonnen. 

Misschien zitten ze daar op een bepaalde manier helemaal niet zo gek ver naast,  want sinds dat bericht zijn de bizarre toestanden in dat gebied alleen maar toegenomen. 

Het gaat dan over de zuidwesthoek van Engeland en waar we iedere keer de bekende namen tegenkomen zoals het graafschap Wiltshire, maar waar de absolute hotspot in dat gebied de stad Bristol is.

Ongeveer een week geleden werd er door de Engelse Daily Mail veel aandacht besteed aan een opname die was gemaakt door Mike Westlake uit Bristol. 

Boven de huizen is duidelijk een formatie te zien van wat lijkt op drie UFO’s. Het gaat hierbij om de volgende opname. 

. 

Als gevolg hiervan wordt er natuurlijk weer druk gespeculeerd en de Thaise ballonnen en andere varianten zijn dan ook niet van de lucht. Het mainstream publiek in Engeland doet haar uiterste best om een "rationele verklaring" voor deze lichten te vinden. 

De opname op zich is echt, daarover bestaat geen twijfel, maar wel over wat die lichten nu precies zijn. 

Dan, net als iedereen weer net een beetje in slaap is gesukkeld, duiken er via een Amerikaanse website nieuwe beelden op van wat dezelfde UFO’s lijken. 

 

De bovenstaande opname is gemaakt op 23 mei 2017 in Bristol rond half tien in de avond. Het is echter niet helemaal duidelijk wanneer de andere opname van Mike Westlake is gemaakt. In ieder geval ergens rond dezelfde datum en ook daar lijkt het op een tijdstip te zijn dat het begint te schemeren. 

Pal daarop komt ook de Bristol Post met een derde, hele korte video, waarop waarschijnlijk dezelfde formatie te zien is.

Al met al drie verschillende video's en de beelden die teveel op elkaar lijken om toeval te kunnen zijn en bovendien zijn alle opnames gemaakt in dezelfde stad rond dezelfde tijd.

Eind september vorig jaar schreven wij kort over een Engelse politiehelikopter die een UFO filmde vlak bij diezelfde stad Bristol. 

Een Engelse politiehelikopter vliegt enkele dagen geleden boven het Bristol Channel wanneer hun infraroodcamera een rond object waarneemt. 

Het voorval vond plaats afgelopen zaterdagavond rond half tien en het object vloog op een hoogte van ongeveer 300 meter (heel laag dus). 

Ze dachten in eerste instantie te maken te hebben met een soort Thaise lampion, maar bedachten later dat dit niet mogelijk was omdat het object tegen de wind in bewoog.

De bemanning heeft geen enkel idee waar ze mee te maken hadden en hebben het object 7 minuten lang kunnen volgen. Ze hebben geprobeerd over te schakelen naar een daglicht-camera, maar daar was niets op te zien. 

Het object was er wel degelijk omdat het hitte afgaf en daardoor werd geregistreerd door de infraroodcamera. 

Wie het uitgebreidere verhaal van deze waarneming wil lezen, kan dat hier doen en er zijn inmiddels ook bewegende beelden van de politiecamera in de helikopter. 

 

Begin dit jaar begonnen al de eerste beschuldigingen te verschijnen in de Engelse pers over een mogelijke cover-up van dit incident en eisten UFO onderzoekers dat er eindelijk openheid van zaken wordt gegeven. 

Wanneer je al het bovenstaande bekijkt en je bedenkt daarbij ook nog eens dat dit allemaal toevallig gebeurt in een gebied waar ieder jaar heel veel graancirkels verschijnen, dan zou een logisch denkend mens zeggen dat er eindelijk een verklaring is voor wie die graancirkels maken. 

Nu alleen er nog achter komen wie of wat die UFO’s onder controle heeft.

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NIKOLA TESLA'S TIME TRAVEL EXPERIENCE: 'I COULD SEE THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE ALL AT THE SAME TIME'

Nikola Tesla was conducting research in 1895 and this was when he got the first indication that space and time might be influenced by using a highly magnetic field.  

TESLA MADE DISCOVERIES BEFORE TOP-SECRET MILITARY PROGRAMS

A part of the admission had come from Tesla experimenting with radio frequencies along with power transmission through the Earth’s atmosphere. The discovery would many years later lead to the Philadelphia experiment along with time travel programs. However, a long time before the top-secret military programs were even thought about Tesla had already made some discoveries that were fascinating in regards to nature of time and the possibilities of being able to travel through time.

The experiments of Tesla in high voltage electricity along with magnetic fields led to him discovering that time and space may be deformed to essentially create a door that may lead to another time. With the discovery, Tesla then went on to discover, through his own personal experiences, that traveling through time came with some real dangers.  

TESLA WAS SAID TO BE HIT BY 3.5 MILLION VOLTS OF ELECTRICITY

The very first experience that Tesla had with traveling in time occurred in March 1895. A New York Herald reporter wrote that he found the inventor sitting in a café after he had just been hit by 3.5 million volts of electricity. The reporter said that Tesla had told him that he would not be very pleasant company to be around due to the fact that he had almost died. He went on to say that a three-foot spark had jumped into the air and hit him on the shoulder. Tesla went on to tell the reporter that if it had not been for his assistant turning the power off straight away he would have been killed.

Tesla went on to tell the reporter that when he was in contact with the resonance from the electromagnetic charge he had found that he went out of his space and time window. He said that he had been able to see the past, the present and the future at the very same time. He admitted that he had been paralyzed in the electromagnetic field and so he had been unable to help himself. Thankfully his assistant had been beside him and had been able to turn off the power before any severe and permanent damage had been done.

INCIDENT SAID TO BE REPEATED IN PHILADELPHIA EXPERIMENT BY US NAVY

Many years later the repetition of the exact same incident occurred during the Philadelphia Experiment. However, this led to sailors being left outside of the window space reference for a long time and this, of course, had results that were disastrous. 

The Philadelphia Experiment was the alleged military experiment which was said to have been carried out by the US Navy in 1943. It was said that the escort the USS Eldridge had become invisible to enemies. However, the US Navy has always said that no such experiment happened and the claims of the ship becoming invisible did not conform to physical laws.  

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PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR CLAIMS TO HAVE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF INTELLIGENT EXTRATERRESTRIAL BEINGS

With NASA almost being in the backyard of Houston it is no surprise that it has earned the nickname of Space City. Now a man is taking that name to higher levels as Derrel Sims, known as the Alien Hunter, says that he has physical evidence that comes from outer space.

Sims is a private investigator and claims to have been a G-Man who used his skills for understanding alien abductions. He said that he comes from an intelligence background and has worked for the CIA during secret operations.  

Sims claims there are 1,950 cases around the globe and said that there was one instance where a lady came back after being abducted with an implant in her eye and that implant fell out of her eye and onto a desk in front of her boss. The woman’s boss collected the implant and gave it to Sims, who still has it today.

SIMS CLAIMS TO HAVE BEEN VISITED BY ALIENS REGULARLY

Sims interest in aliens began when an alien supposedly visited him when he was a child and continued to do so up to Sims reaching the age of 17. He did say that the majority of recollections of aliens along with UFO sightings are theoretical and due to this he collects physical evidence and then examines it, from those who claim that they have had a genuine alien encounter.

He said that if the people were being abducted by aliens there would be ET traces found on the people through infrared technology. Sims said that he detects the temperature on the skin and there is a residue that comes from other planets that is also detectable.

UNEXPLAINED BUMPS, CUTS AND SCARS MAY BE SIGNS OF ALIEN TRANSPLANTS

Sims went on to say that an alien entity often leave bumps, lumps, scars and cuts on those who have been abducted and he went on to say that physical evidence that has been recovered often suggests that aliens could be biological and they may have a level of metallic in their biology.

He then showed some spheres which he claims to have come from a young girl who, when she sneezed, blew them out, following an alien visiting her and spraying something up her nostrils.

While you might have laughed at the antics of the crew in Ghostbusters, hunting down ghosts and capturing them, Sims seem to be the real life Ghostbuster, but this time it’s not ghosts but aliens that he is hunting down and capturing proof of.  

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NASA'S MARS RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER SPOTTED A STRANGE GIGANTIC HOLE ON MARS

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter of NASA has been scanning the surface of Mars for 11 years and it might have been a good assumption in thinking that it would have seen everything there is to see. However, a photograph that was taken recently over the South Pole of the planet has revealed something that even NASA cannot explain.

HUGE PIT SEEN ON TERRAIN OF MARS  

The whole surface of Mars has many craters and depressions but a huge pit has been seen nestling amongst the terrain that looks like Swiss cheese, of frozen carbon dioxide that is melting and which seems to be deeper than the average hole, which has left astronomers trying to work out what it is.

There may be many things that might make holes in the rocky terrain of Mars. Craters have been caused by half a million meteorite impacts; deep pits have come from lava tubes that have collapsed, while giant chasms have been created from the surface by ancient floods and funnels left when volcanic activity has melted ice.

CIRCULAR DEPRESSION IS A MYSTERY TO NASA

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ANTARCTICA & ATLANTIS : THE SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE OF THE CATACLYSM AND THE SURVIVORS OF ATLANTIS

The latest discoveries on the great pyramid of Khufu, which made it possible to confirm in an extraordinary way the authenticity of the message conveyed by the builders, that the Antarctic continent was the famous Atlantis and was about 12000 years more in the North, close to the African continent, and after a great cataclysm, the continent slip towards the south pole.

This testimony corresponds exactly to the theory of Charles Hapgood and supported by Albert Einstein, who succeeded in giving Charles Hapgood a scientific explanation for this very violent phenomenon.  

Even if some geological evidence and the discovery of old navigation maps come to confirm this theory, this one met a strong opposition of the scientific since according to them the Antarctic is covered with ice for several millions of years.

Hundreds of comments explaining that our theory is extraordinary but that, unfortunately, it is scientifically impossible since no plant life and still less a civilization can survive on a continent covered with ice for millions of years. A little tired of hearing the same objection, we decided to carry out research to find out how deep these traces of vegetation were discovered and how they estimated their date because they contradict the message of the Batisseurs, We are certain of its authenticity.

What we found was amazing and exceeded all expectations. They definitively erase the false ideas we have been invariably and continually broadcast on the Antarctic and its climate.

Thanks to authentic documents and excerpts from scientific team videos that have worked in Antarctica, we will show you the scientific evidence that this continent has been the victim of an extraordinary catastrophe which has decimated all its vegetation and probably, as we Suppose, the civilization that inhabited it ...  

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A FAMOUS ASTRONOMER SPOTS 2 UFOS IN THE SKY THAT LEFT HIM BAFFLED FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 40 YEARS

Roberto Antezana is a level headed and famous astrophysicist in Chile, and generally, he is able to explain everything that he sees. However, he has now talked about something that he saw on May 31, 2017, which has baffled him and this was two mysterious spots that appeared in his telescope flying discontinuously.

Roberto lives in Santiago de Chile, and he makes some amazing photos of phenomena that he has captured in the sky, which he has taken from the tops of the mountains which surround his city.

SIGHTING LEAVES ASTROPHYSICIST BAFFLED  

On May 31, 2017, he revealed his first experience of a strange phenomenon that he saw in the sky. Roberto has seen many thousands of phenomena during his 40 years in observing deserts, mountains, and observatories all around the globe. On May 31 he saw the only thing that he has not been able to explain and which has left him totally baffled.  

He said that he saw a mysterious object that was moving West to East and it was moving at speeds that differed. He said that it would accelerate and then slow down and it did this at least twice while he was watching. Roberto went on to say that at zenith it has stopped for five minutes and then it began accelerating to the East once again. Roberto said that he watched the strange object for around 35 minutes in total.

ROBERTO DOES NOT THINK IT WAS THE QZS-2 SATELLITE FROM JAPAN

Roberto said that he had seen two of the bright spots inside a nebula that was misty, which had been created by the weird artifact. Some people suggested that what he had witnessed was the launch of the QZS-2 satellite from Japan that was released at 00: 17 UTC. To this Roberto asks if a rocket would be able to cover half of the planet in only 43 minutes. He also questioned the fact that satellites would not be able to accelerate and then stop and then produce two queues similar to comets.  

Roberto does not think that it was the satellite that he saw as it would not move at speeds that differed, accelerate and then slow down, twice, while he was watching and even stop dead in the sky hovering for around five minutes before then heading to the East again accelerating. It also would not have been there in front of him to observe for about 35 minutes. But if not the satellite, then what was it? This is something that Roberto has not been able to work out.

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TOP SECRET: HAS THE ROSWELL MYSTERY FINALLY BEEN "SOLVED"?

According to shock claims, the famous Roswell incident is not as we thought it was. Was the crashed UFO of extraterrestrial origin? Were the dead bodies that of alien beings? The answer could be no.

According to the new book by British UFO hunter Nick Redfern, in an interview that he had with an elderly woman working in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. She said that after World War 2 the US military began experimenting with new technology brought from both Japan and Germany.  

They used human guinea pigs to experiment out a new kind of aircraft to test the rigors of high altitude exposure. These human test subjects were Japanese, handicapped people and other prisoners.

The strange symbols found in some of the debris that UFO researchers thought to be Alien hieroglyphics could have been simply Japanese characters.

µCould this mean that the bodies retrieved from the wreckage were human and not extraterrestrial?

Watch the following video to know more!  

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Former Governor of Arizona: 'Aliens came to my state in UFO during Phoenix Lights’

A FORMER Governor of Arizona has spoken out about the night of the Phoenix Lights Incident 20 years after the mass UFO sighting, claiming he too saw aliens.

While researchers were well aware of the power and enormity of Jupiter's magnetic field, they were surprised to find that it was twice as strong as the models predicted.

Measuring at 7.766 Gauss, the region the spacecraft examined was 10 times more powerful than Earth's magnetic field, which sits at a mere 0.66 Gauss at the South Pole.

The magnetic field is also more dynamic than previously thought, with an uneven, patchy distribution.

Speaking to ScienceAlert, Juno's deputy lead investigator, Jack Connerney, said that the planet's lumpy magnetic field indicates that it may originate from processes close to the planet's surface.

This is vastly different to Earth's magnetic field, which is stemmed from the hot liquid iron core deep below the crust.

"The magnetic field appears to have a much richer spatial variation than what we were expecting based on what previous spacecraft had found," Connerney, who led the second study, told ScienceAlert.

"The most exciting thing about studying Jupiter is that, compared to Earth, we get a more detailed view of how magnetic fields work."

Taking a closer look at the magnetosphere - the space around a planet that is controlled by the magnetic field - revealed yet another surprise.

When Juno passed through the magnetosphere in June 2016, it encountered the planet's bow shock - a shock wave that occurs when the magnetic field begins redirecting the solar winds away.

But the probe only passed through one bow shock compared to the many it encountered on other orbits. Connerney said that this is because Jupiter's magnetosphere was expanding at the time of Juno's approach.

"The bow shock varies in its distance from Jupiter, expanding when the solar wind is weak or slow, and contracting when the solar wind is strong," said Connerney.

Stranger still were Jupiter's stunning violet-blue aurorae, which were detected by Juno when it hovered over the poles.

J.E.P. Connerney et al., Science (2017)

On Earth, the Northern and Southern lights occur when charged particles from the solar wind are funnelled down through the magnetosphere into the polar regions.

Connerney and his colleagues thought Jupiter's light-show was due to a similar downward flow of electrons pouring into the Jovian atmosphere.

But Juno's instruments revealed a whole other story. The Jovian aurorae are powered by the electrons being sucked out of the planet's polar region, which basically means that Jupiter powers its light-show all on its own.

"It's a 180-degree reversal of what we were originally assuming," Connerney told ScienceAlert. "We never expected to see such strong auroral emissions caused by electrons being channelled out of the polar region."

And all of this is just the beginning. Juno has completed 5 out of 33 flyby investigations on its mission to map the giant of the Solar System.

Its next flyby will take a look at the iconic Great Red Spot on July 11, where it will unravel more of the planet's weird wonders.

The two studies were published today in a special edition of Science. You can find them here and here.

{ http://www.sciencealert.com/ }

The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week

Each week we uncover the most interesting and informative articles from around the world, here are 10 of the coolest stories in science this week.

Parting with Paris

Withdrawing from the Paris deal could put at least 1.4 extra gigatons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere each year by 2025.

Credit: Calin Tatu/Shutterstock

President Donald Trump's decision to pull the United States out of the Paris climate agreement could deal a staggering blow to the nascent international cooperation on climate change.

The consequences of the decision aren't fully mapped. But here are five ways that the June 1 choice will likely affect both the climate and the United States' global standing. [Read more about the likely effects.]

Unseen Guests?

NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver and Robert Bigelow, founder of Bigelow Aerospace, talk while standing next to the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module on Jan. 16, 2013, in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Credit: Bill Ingalls/NASA via Getty Images

Aliens are among us. That's the gist of comments made by billionaire space entrepreneur Robert Bigelow on CBS' "60 Minutes" on Sunday. Could intelligent alien life really exist on Earth and we wouldn't know about it?

When asked if he expects to see forms of intelligent life as humans explore the universe, Bigelow replied, "You don't have to go anywhere. … It's just, like, right under people's noses." [Read more about the possible visitors.]

Riches and Drugs

Teens who attend high-achieving schools in well-to-do communities may be more vulnerable to drug and alcohol problems than their less well-off peers, a new study from the Northeast U.S. suggests.

Many people perceive addiction as a problem that affects mostly those in poorer neighborhoods, Luthar said. But this study shows there is a significant risk for substance abuse at the other end of the socioeconomic spectrum, among kids who grow up in wealthy, white collar families, Luthar told Live Science. [Read more about the wealth-addiction connection.]

Surprise Passenger

A great white shark jumped into a boat off the north coast of New South Wales, Australia, on May 27, 2017.

Credit: Lance Fountain/Marine Rescue Evans Head

An Australian man got the surprise of a lifetime when a 9-foot (2.7 meters) great white shark weighing 440 lbs. (200 kilograms) jumped into his boat.

Besides a minor cut on his arm, Selwood was unharmed. But why would the shark jump into his boat? [Read more about the unexpected shipmate.]

Soldiers' Uncovered

On Nov. 16, 1632, the Protestant Swedish army and Catholic Holy Roman Empire's imperial army clashed during the Battle of Lützen in Germany.

Credit: J. Lipták, O. Schröder

In November of 1632, the townspeople of Lützen, Germany, were stuck with a grim task: They had to bury some 9,000 soldiers who were left dead on a battlefield after a bloody fight during the Thirty Years' War.

Archaeologists located the site of the Battle of Lützen in 2006 after a metal-detector survey turned up about 3,000 projectiles, ammunitions and other objects from the fight. A trench excavated in 2011 then revealed a mass grave. To prevent the burial site from being looted by treasure hunters and eroded by bad weather, the scientists didn't excavate the skeletons on the site. Instead, they lifted the remains out of the ground in a 55-ton block of soil, split into two. [Read more about the mass grave.]

Stratolaunch Aircraft

The Stratolaunch aircraft, which weighs about 500,000 pounds (227,000 kilograms) moved out of the hangar to conduct aircraft fueling tests on May 31, 2017.

Credit: Stratolaunch Systems Corp.

A bizarre, double-bodied airplane with the largest wingspan of any aircraft in the world just rolled out of its hangar for the first time.

The strange dual fuselages of the craft each have a role. The right fuselage is for the flight crew, according to the company, and the left fuselage houses flight data systems. The payload will be carried underneath the conjoined center wing. Six 747 engines will lift the craft off the ground, and 28 wheels will allow for runway-style takeoffs and landings. [Read more about the odd aircraft.]

Gum-chewing for Digestive Health

Among the difficult things a woman has to do after having a C-section — from tending to her stitches to learning to breastfeed — now there's a recommendation that's a little easier: chew gum.

Up to one in five women develop a condition called "postoperative ileus" after a C-section, according to the meta-analysis, published online May 14 in The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Enter gum chewing. [Read more about strange new advice.]

Gothic Graveyard Find

Archaeologists discovered this ovarian teratoma, or a tumor that had started sprouting teeth, in a burial outside the Church and Convent of Carmo in Lisbon.

Credit: Sofia N. Wasterlain et al./International Journal of Paleopathology

Archaeologists excavating a gothic church graveyard in Lisbon, Portugal, made a discovery for the annals of medical history: an ovarian tumor that had started forming teeth.

A teratoma, which essentially translates as "monstrous swelling" from Greek, can occur when cells that should become eggs start multiplying abnormally and form mature tissues like hair, teeth and bones. [Read more about toothy tumor.]

Multi-Purpose Meds

A 1926 bottle of suramin, a medicine once known as "Bayer 205."

Credit: Science Museum of London

A 101-year-old drug that is often used to treat people in Africa with parasitic infections may help ease some of the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, a new study finds.

The study was well designed, but the findings don't necessarily suggest that suramin works to treat autism, said Dr. Jay Gargus, a director of the Center for Autism Research and Translation at the University of California, Irvine, who was not involved in the study. [Read more about the old drug.]

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UFO sightings: Files explain why MoD closed down special desk

An official MoD statement from the time said the department had “no opinion on the existence or otherwise of extraterrestrial life”.

It went on: “In order to make best use of defence resources, we have decided that from December 1 2009 the dedicated UFO hotline answer-phone service and email address will be withdrawn. [The] MoD will no longer respond to reported UFO sightings or investigate them.”

‘Living with an alien’

Among the 4,400 pages of documents released are:

• A letter from a school child in Altrincham, Greater Manchester, to the MoD, dated January 2009, asking if aliens exist after she had seen some strange lights, and including a drawing of an alien in a UFO waving
• A report received via the UFO hotline by someone who had been “living with an alien” in Carlisle for some time
• A report from a man from Cardiff who claimed a UFO abducted his dog, and took his car and tent, while he was camping with friends in 2007
• “Green, red and white lights” reportedly seen over the Houses of Parliament in London in February 2008
• “Discoid” shapes in photographs of Stonehenge, in an email dated in January 2009
• Photographs taken at Blackpool Pier which show an aircraft that had not been seen at the time the picture was taken in October 2008

The files show the number of UFO sightings reported to the MoD trebled in the year the desk was closed.

The letter from a school child was sent after she saw strange lights

According to a briefing in the files, during the years 2000-07 the ministry received an average of 150 reports per year.

But by November 2009, it had already received 520 reports that year, as well as 97 Freedom of Information requests on UFOs.

Possible reasons for the increase included the rising popularity for releasing Chinese lanterns during celebrations.

Dr David Clarke, author of the book The UFO Files, said the “last pieces of the puzzle” had been revealed with the insight into the final days of the UFO desk.

“The last files from the UFO desk are now all in the public domain. People at home can read them and draw their own conclusions about whether ‘the truth’ is in these files or still out there,” he said.

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }