Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
Dinsdag 1 mei 2018
Structured Red Object materializes near ISS
Structured Red Object materializes near ISS
On April 27, 2018 Streetcap1 spotted a red structured object on the ISS live feed cam.
The red object suddenly appeared and disappeared in a split second.
It’s unclear whether the object is just a lens flare, a signal coming from the ISS, a UFO or some sort of celestial object.
Friday night on "Ancient Aliens," Podesta very seriously reflected on the Clinton campaign’s pro-alien declassification platform.(Andrew Harrer/Via Bloomberg)
Hillay Clinton’s campaign chairman was on cable television Friday night peddling conspiracy theories about extraterrestrial life forms, and nobody seems to have noticed.
In fairness, I didn’t really believe it until I saw it either. But there he was, John Podesta, speaking gravely over a foreboding soundtrack, lending his very earnest insights to “Ancient Aliens” on The History Channel. (Don’t tell Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa).
Podesta has long been in avid pursuitof the truth about UFOs, memorably reassuringthe public during Clinton’s 2016 campaign he’d “convinced her that we need an effort to kind of go look at that and declassify as much as we can, so that people have their legitimate questions answered.”
John Podesta✔@johnpodesta
Tune in to The History Channel tonight at 9pm ET for the season premiere of Ancient Aliens #TheTruthIsOutThere
And so it came to be, this former White House chief of staff and counselor to the president sat before “Ancient Aliens” cameras and unloaded enigmatic observations like, “The government seems to be completely unaccountable to the American public,” and “I've had a number of members of Congress, members of the U.S. Senate say to me, ‘Keep going at this. I'm really interested in it, but I can't say anything about it.’"
Behold this surreal exchange, wherein Podesta very seriously reflects on the Clinton campaign’s pro-alien declassification platform.
NARRATOR: Clinton's campaign chairman, John Podesta, is well-known for his interest in UFO and extraterrestrial encounters, and according to him, so is she.
PODESTA: Secretary Clinton, likewise, was also kind of interested in the topic, and during the course of the campaign said that, if elected, she would have ordered a more thorough declassification review …
NARRATOR: Many believe that had Clinton won, there would have been a seismic shift from the government's long-held policy of secrecy concerning UFO investigations to a new policy of full disclosure.
PODESTA: The system of regulation that creates our secrecy system — what's top secret, what's confidential, these lower levels of classification — that's regulated and has been since the Truman administration by executive order of the president. The president sets forward the general rules of classification, and some presidents have been more forthcoming, wanted less secrecy, some have tightened the reins and wanted more secrecy. It makes a difference.
That provided an opening for another of the episode’s commentators to claim, “The CIA and the Pentagon, they were worried about Hillary Clinton, Secretary Clinton, all the statements she was making, winning the presidency, and going to the Pentagon and basically saying, ‘You are going to give me the information I need to disclose the extraterrestrial presence or I’m gonna fire every single one of you.’”
Which, in turn, set up another expert nicely to insist with dramatic flair: “John Podesta was trying to get ready to open up that we're not alone in the universe. All of that crashed when a different person became president of the United States.”
“November 8, 2016: Donald Trump was elected as America's next president,” the History Channel’s narrator intones. “There would be no disclosure of the secret UFO files.”
So, was Trump’s election really secured by scheming puppetmasters in Russia? Or were those strings perhaps pulled from a little further out of this world by aliens hoping to shield their species from exposure to our planet at this strange moment in time?
"James Cameron's Story of Sci-Fi" launches tonight on AMC at 10 PM Eastern. The first episode of this six-part series focuses on aliens and how they've been portrayed in science fiction.
Here in the real world, scientists have spent more than a half-century actively listening to the sky and searching for E.T. This is their story.
“Are we alone in the universe?”
Humans have been pondering this question since medieval times, and probably long before. But for most of history, people had little more than low-tech telescopes and highly active imaginations with which to explore the idea that there’s life out there in the cosmos. Not anymore.
“After a millennia of asking the priests and philosophers what we should believe about life somewhere else, we suddenly have the tools,” Jill Tarter told Popular Mechanics. “We can explore instead of believe.”
As the former director of the Center for SETI Research at the SETI Institute, Tarter has led the painstaking search for life beyond Earth. Even though such a discovery would deeply transform society as we know it, SETI operates on a shoestring budget.
"It has had this... 'giggle factor,’” says Stephen Garber, a policy analyst in the NASA History Division and author of severalreports about NASA’s decades-long flirtation with SETI. “It [gained] this bad reputation...It was...an uphill battle for members of Congress to think it was a worthwhile science."
Of course, great scientists throughout history have been ignored, disregarded, and laughed at while trying to find answers to humanity's greatest questions. Will SETI scientists fine their vindication?
The Search Begins
Astronomer and SETI founder Frank Drake (middle) at the National Radio Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia.
GETTY IMAGESMICHAEL ROUGIER/THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION
In 1960, 29-year-old radio astronomer Frank Drake at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, lead humanity’s first organized search for interstellar radio transmissions. Fulfilling a dream he had since he was an eight-year-old living in Chicago, Drake pointed the observatory’s 85-foot radio telescope at two far-flung stars—Tau Ceti in the constellation Cetus and Epsilon Eridani in the constellation Eridanus. These stars are some 66 trillion miles away from Earth and about the same age as our sun. He called it Project Ozma, in honor of the fictional queen of Oz.
For six hours a day over the next two months, Drake and his team listened on a single frequency (1420 MHz) for signs of intelligent life. The hope was to hear a succession of uniform pulses or perhaps a numbering system, like a series of prime numbers. And, early on, they did.
FOR SIX HOURS A DAY AND OVER THE NEXT TWO MONTHS ON A SINGLE FREQUENCY, DRAKE AND HIS TEAM LISTENED FOR SIGNS OF INTELLIGENT LIFE.
The team stumbled across a strong, periodic, pulsating signal. Excited, they investigated further, but discovered that the signal was actually Earth-based, thought at an altitude thought impossible for modern aircraft to reach. Soon the rest of the world discovered what Drake and his team had heard—a U-2 spy plane had been shot down by the Soviet Union.
Undeterred, Drake still pondered the otherworldly. Using this first experiment and a few other calculations, Drake conjured a formula for figuring out the likelihood of intelligent extraterrestrial life contacting Earth. He called it the Drake Equation.
Drake's famous formula takes the number of stars born per year in the Milky Way that could conceivably host life-sustaining worlds, and multiples that by variety of factors including the fraction of stars that could have planets, the conditions for life, and the probability that the society is advanced enough to communicate beyond its own planet. Finally, that number is multiplied by a predicted average lifetime of advanced societies.
Drake’s equation.
UNIVESITY OF ROCHESTER
Drake admitted later that he was amazed that the equation became “one of the great icons of science because it didn’t take any deep intellectual effort or insight on my part.” His intention was simply to take a big idea and boil it down so that even beginners could understand what’s required to create advanced lifeforms.
Nonetheless, Drake concluded that more than 10,000 societies brimmed with intelligent life and were capable of reaching out to Earth. “[Drake’s estimate] of 10,000 galactic communicative societies is just as good today as it was in 1961,” says Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the SETI Institute and author of the book Confessions of an Alien Hunter. “We still can’t make an [exact] calculation, [but it’s] an informed guess.”
NASA Joins the Hunt
The Australian Parkes telescope, an instrumental telescope during the NASA Apollo 11 mission.
SETI INSTITUTE
Around the same time, Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison from Cornell University theorized that aliens would contact us via electromagnetic waves and over the frequency of 1420 MHz. The reason: That is the emission frequency of hydrogen, which, as any advanced species would know, is the most abundant element in the universe. The hydrogen hypothesis was just the beginning of a flood of ideas about how to find E.T.
In 1966, astrophysicist Carl Sagan speculated in his book Intelligent Life in the Universe that perhaps extraterrestrials had already come to Earth at some point in the planet’s history. Then five years later, during the apex of Apollo mania, NASA published the fateful Project Cyclops report.
Led by John Billingham and Bernard Oliver, the report laid out a bold and ambitious plan about how public funding could greatly enhance the search for intelligent life in the cosmos. One of the most prominent recommendations was doing away with big, self-contained radio telescopes and replacing with an array of radio telescopes in order to increase the total collecting area and thereby improve the sensitivity. A large number of small antennas not only cost less than one big one, but could be configured to look at many different spots in the sky simultaneously.
The report also offered that while 1420 MHz was perhaps the most likely frequency to meet our cosmic neighbors, it wasn’t the only place that a signal could be heard. It suggested stretching the search from 1000 MHz to 10,000 MHz with particular attention being paid to 1420 MHz to 1666 MHz, where the neutral form of hydroxyl radiates. This area on the dial that was coined the “water hole” due to the abundance of hydrogen and hydroxl—which together make water.
In the end, Project Cyclops never came to be. While the report did recommend starting with “minimum systems” and making additions until making contact or “until a new and superior technology was discovered,” the grand ambitions and the hefty price tag—with estimates reaching between $6 to $10 billion—were too much for Congress to approve.
“HERE WAS AN OLD QUESTION THAT HUMANITY HAD BEEN ASKING FOREVER AND I WAS IN THE RIGHT PLACE AND HAD THE RIGHT SKILLS.”
The report admits that there needed to be immense buy-in to make the project worthwhile, “to justify such an effort, which may require billions of dollars and decades of time, we must truly believe that other intelligent life exists and that contact with it would be enormously stimulating and beneficial to mankind.”
Regardless of its demise, Project Cyclops became a sacred text for those who truly believed in SETI. Tarter read the report while she was a graduate student at Berkeley. She was a computer programmer at the time and was the only one who knew how to program the PDP-8, the outdated computer that analyzed voltage signals from Berkeley's telescope at Hat Creek, a telescope in search for anything that’s particularly non-human.
Reading the report would change her life.
“Here was an old question that humanity had been asking forever and I was in the right place and had the right skills,” says Tarter, who also got her PhD in astrophysics, “this was a big question I could work on... and maybe help find an answer, too.”
SETI as Science
Arecibo observatory in Puerto Rico.
SETI INSTITUTE
While denied billions of dollars to extend humanity's search in the galaxy, Project Cyclops showed that there was an appetite for government-funded SETI research. By the late 1970s, NASA’s Ames Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena both had established SETI programs. Tarter worked on these programs and but the Cold War UFO craze made things difficult.
“Our early years... were dedicated to distancing ourselves from that pseudoscience,” says Tarter, “and showing that this was a rigorous scientific exploration.” They did this by simply approaching it the way it would have for any other science: writing lots of papers, proposals, giving presentations, and lobbying to be in prestigious reports.
This included the 1977 “Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence” report, written by many who were involved in Project Cyclops, in which it attempts to persuade the world that SETI was timely, feasible, prudent, and could be done at a lower cost (though it never proposes even an estimated dollar amount). The report even threw in some red terror by highlighting the advances the Soviets were making in the field, a powerful political motivator at the time.
Jill Tarter, project scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, stands on the Arecibo Complex in Puerto Rico, 1992.
GETTY IMAGESACEY HARPER
NASA reports also advocated for “the search for extraterrestrial intelligence [to] be supported and continued at a modest level as a long-term NASA research program.” While not government supported, much attention was paid to Sagan and Drake's 1974 collaborative effort to send out a binary message to our possible cosmic pals using the Arecibo Observatory telescope in Puerto Rico, at the time the world's largest single-aperture telescope.
Tarter says it took awhile, but due to these projects they eventually had enough support from outside of the government to establish the non-profit SETI Institute in late 1984 with Tarter was one of its founders.
“Suddenly, all of this money was freed up to actually do science, build instruments, and figure out how to observe,” says Tarter. At the same time, the Planetary Society, co-founded by Carl Sagan, also began listening to the sky, not to mention many other teams doing the same across the world.
In 1988, NASA headquarters formally endorsed SETI research and, with an increase in federal funding, started building out needed hardware and training. It culminated in the 1992 Columbus Day announcement of a ten-year, $100-million SETI program called “High-Resolution Microwave Survey," which would focus on targeted searching and all-sky surveying.
While this was certainly a win for scientists, Congress wasn’t so happy. During the 1991 budget debate, Congressmen Silvio Conte made the case for all of those who didn’t want to believe. “We cannot spend money on curiosity today when we have a deficit,” the Congressman said, saying one could spend “75 cents to buy a tabloid [with reports of aliens] at the local supermarket.”
“WE CANNOT SPEND MONEY ON CURIOSITY TODAY WHEN WE HAVE A DEFICIT.”
Two years later, Congress cut off federal funding of SETI. On September 22, 1993, Senator Richard Bryan proposed a last-minute amendment to kill the agreed-upon $100 million program, saying SETI had not yet found any evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence and there was no guarantee they ever would. The money, he believed, was being wasted, and the majority of the Senate agreed.
“We’ve been able to be more aggressive and bold than we might have been,” says Tarter, relating how the cuts affected SETI. “[But] if we have had level and sustained funding over that period, we would have been able to attract the best and brightest of the younger generation.
"We might have had some breakthroughs that we haven’t.”
Narrowing the Search
Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at SETI.
NASA/DAVID C. BOWMAN
In the two plus decades since the split, privately-funded SETI programs have popped up across the country. While few in number, the SETI Institute, Harvard and Berkeley all have well-known programs. Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen funded the Allen Telescope Array at California's Hat Creek Radio Observatory, which went online in 2007, and internationally, China is also searching the skies.
“It’s actually a better way to do science so you all are not duplicating the same ideas others have,” says Shostak.
The biggest technological changes over the past few decades were faster equipment, more sensitive receivers, the increased importance of optical searching, and the ability to monitor millions of channels at once.
Shostak says SETI monitors about 70 million channels all at once, so if our extraterrestrial friends want to reach out, we have a better chance of hearing them.
"I BET EVERYBODY...THAT WE WOULD FIND INTELLIGENT LIFE WITHIN TWO DOZEN YEARS...NOT MICROBES. I’M TALKING ABOUT ALIENS."
It’s thanks to this improved tech as well as NASA’s help that we now know more about our potential cosmic neighbors. Although in an unofficial capacity, NASA has helped SETI discover more about our potential cosmic neighbors in the past 25 years. Although expected to run out of fuel in the next few months, the nine-year-old Kepler Mission successfully confirmed over 2,300 previously unknown planets in our galaxy. Thirty of those planets are potentially in the habitable zone, meaning they are similar size and in a temperature region where liquid water could pool on the surface.
In other words, those 30 planets could be candidates for intelligent life and are perfect targets for SETI’s radio telescopes. “These are all candidates,” says Shostak, “They are like lottery tickets. Most are bad, but maybe not all.” NASA’s newly launched TESS will continue where Kepler left off in an ongoing search for “Goldilocks” planets.
“I bet everybody...that we would find intelligent life within two dozen years," Shostak says. "Not microbes. I’m talking about aliens.”
But what exactly would first contact look like? Shostak says it would be nothing like what we see in the movies.
It would probably be in the form of a radio bleep or a narrow band signal coming from a star system. Anti-climatically, it would takes hours, if not days, for numerous tests to be run to confirm it was in fact legitimate. If the signal was determined to be extraterrestrial, we would probably immediately start looking for more.
The entire world would likely get involved, pooling equipment, expertise, and money to help with the search. NASA would get back into the SETI game overnight, and we would try to figure out if it was a message.
“It would be the biggest astronomical research project of all time,” he says.
For now, we appear to be alone in the universe, but the nature of scientific reason would suggest otherwise.
“If we are alone, then we are a miracle,” says Shostak. “That’s usually a assumption in science.”
AMC's Visionaries: James Cameron's Story of Science Fiction premieres Monday April 30 at 10/9c on AMC.
SACRIFICIAL STARE Discoveries at the site of the largest known mass sacrifice of children included this shroud-covered youngster lying next to a llama and a rope that was used to lead the llama. The Peruvian site dates to around 1450.
A hellishly unprecedented scene — what anthropologists suspect is the largest known child sacrifice — has been unearthed on a bluff overlooking Peru’s northern shoreline.
Around 550 years ago, members of the Chimú empire ritually killed and buried at least 140 children, ages 5 to 14, and 200 young llamas, says a team led by Gabriel Prieto of the National University of Trujillo in Peru and John Verano of Tulane University in New Orleans.
Except for a few incomplete skeletons, excavated children and llamas displayed cuts on their breast bones and dislocated ribs indicating that their chests had been sliced open. Three adults buried nearby on the bluff, including two women with violent head wounds, may have participated in the sacrifice.
Radiocarbon dating, mainly of ropes left around the llamas’ necks, puts the event at around 1450, shortly before the Inca conquered the Chimú in 1470.
A dried mud layer covering some of the sandy graves possibly resulted from flooding caused by massive rains. Agricultural crises triggered by repeated flooding might have led Chimú leaders to sacrifice children to their gods, Verano suggests.
KILLING PLEA Children’s bodies lay in sandy pits at a Peruvian site where researchers say 140 youngsters were ritually sacrificed around 550 years ago, possibly to appease gods thought to be responsible for devastating floods.
IN THE 1920s, during the early days of flight, Royal Air Force pilots crossing the Middle East noticed something bizarre across barren landscape of Syria, eastern Jordan and Saudi Arabia’s desert.
The giant structures, which covered the land in their thousands, looked like intricately carved stone wheels, only visible from the sky. Some are pendants. Rings. Others are known as “kites”.
Flt Lt Percy Maitland documented the mysterious structures in 1927 for the archaeological journal Antiquity, but they remained largely a secret until the 1970s when Dr David Kennedy, a retired archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, spotted some of them while surveying photographs from Jordan.
“They really dominate the landscape, suggesting a lot of effort was put into constructing these over a huge area,” Dr Kennedy said in 2011 of “The Works of the Old Men,” of which the structures are called.
A “gate” at Samhah, which are more than 1,200 feet long
Picture: David Kennedy - Source:Supplied
A bullseye.
Picture: David Kennedy - Source:Supplied
Dr Kennedy has been busily studying some of the sites, measuring 70 metres wide, in Jordan from above in planes or helicopters, but its neighbour, Saudi Arabia, has always just been out of his reach. The problem with fully unlocking these secrets for Dr Kennedy was gaining permission to visit the country.
Fast forward to 2017, and Dr Kennedy is using a far simpler method to discover the world’s hidden secrets; Google Earth.
In the past 10 years Google Earth has been particularly helpful for probing archaeologists keen to track every inch of the Earth, but notably in the Saudi region.
More than 400 previously undocumented structures — or “gates” as they are called — have been uncovered using the technology, and Dr Kennedy is particularly pleased.
“We tend to think of Saudi Arabia as desert, but in practice there’s a huge archaeological treasure trove out there and it needs to be identified and mapped,” he told the New York Times.
“You can’t see them very well from the ground level, but once you get up a few hundred feet, or with a satellite even higher, they stand out beautifully.”
As with other Gates, this aerial photo from Samhah reveals that the bars are not slender walls but a double line of stones with an infill of smaller stones.
Picture: David KennedySource:Supplied
In this low oblique view, a gate is clear and plainly overlain by a bullseye pendant surrounded by lava. The latter is still quite high and its wall is surprisingly thick.
Picture: David Kennedy - Source:Supplied
Last month, Dr Kennedy received an invite to investigate the structures from above. Two hundred sites in all across the Harrat Khaybar and Harrat Uwayrid regions. Gates. Kites. Triangles. Bull’s eyes. Keyholes. They were all there. And more vivid than Google Earth.
“From 500 feet, you can see the vital details of structures that are invisible in the fuzzy image on Google Earth,” he said.
“Once you get out in the desert areas, where you wouldn’t expect to find much at all, they are absolutely littered with archaeological sites.
“We’re now discovering now is exactly the same in Saudi Arabia.”
A group of pendants.
Picture: David Kennedy - Source:Supplied
But what does it all mean? Is there a connection between all these structures? According to Dr Kennedy, the structures are anything but random; in fact, they are quite deliberate.
“We could see immediately they were much more complicated than they appeared on Google Earth,” Dr. Kennedy told the New York Times.
“They are much more sophisticated than I was prepared for.”
To this day much of the conclusions are still speculation at best, but they are thought to date back as far as 9000 years ago and used by nomadic tribes as traps for hunting and farming.
Dr Kennedy thinks tribes would herb gazelle into the structures where hunters could trap and kill them.
“Essentially there was no escape,” said Dr. Kennedy.
The keyholes, on the other hand, could have been used as tombs or ritual buildings to bury the dead.
But the challenge for experts now, is to study them on the ground. And radio carbon testing to sure of time periods. It could be decades until we find the real answer — until then, the Arabian secrets remain buried in the sand.
PIG BRAINS CAN BE KEPT ALIVE OUTSIDE THE BODY. HUMAN BRAINS MIGHT BE NEXT.
In a step that could change the definition of death, researchers have restored circulation to the brains of decapitated pigs and kept the reanimated organs alive for as long as 36 hours.
The feat offers scientists a new way to study intact brains in the lab in stunning detail. But it also inaugurates a bizarre new possibility in life extension, should human brains ever be kept on life support outside the body.
The work was described on March 28 at a meeting held at the National Institutes of Health to investigate ethical issues arising as US neuroscience centers explore the limits of brain science.
During the event, Yale University neuroscientist Nenad Sestan disclosed that a team he leads had experimented on between 100 and 200 pig brains obtained from a slaughterhouse, restoring their circulation using a system of pumps, heaters, and bags of artificial blood warmed to body temperature.
There was no evidence that the disembodied pig brains regained consciousness. However, in what Sestan termed a “mind-boggling” and “unexpected” result, billions of individual cells in the brains were found to be healthy and capable of normal activity.
Reached by telephone yesterday, Sestan declined to elaborate, saying he had submitted the results for publication in a scholarly journal and had not intended for his remarks to become public.
Since last spring, however, a widening circle of scientists and bioethicists have been buzzing about the Yale research, which involves a breakthrough in restoring micro-circulation—the flow of oxygen to small blood vessels, including those deep in the brain.
“These brains may be damaged, but if the cells are alive, it’s a living organ,” says Steve Hyman, director of psychiatric research at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who was among those briefed on the work. “It’s at the extreme of technical know-how, but not that different from preserving a kidney.”
Hyman says the similarity to techniques for preserving organs like hearts or lungs for transplant could cause some to mistakenly view the technology as a way to avoid death. “It may come to the point that instead of people saying ‘Freeze my brain,’ they say ‘Hook me up and find me a body,’” says Hyman.
Such hopes are misplaced, at least for now. Transplanting a brain into a new body “is not remotely possible,” according to Hyman.
Brain in a bucket
The Yale system, called BrainEx, involves connecting a brain to a closed loop of tubes and reservoirs that circulate a red perfusion fluid, which is able to carry oxygen to the brain stem, the cerebellar artery, and areas deep in the center of the brain.
“I think a lot of people are going to start going to slaughterhouses to get heads and figure it out.”
In his presentation to the NIH officials and ethics experts, Sestan said the technique was likely to work in any species, including primates. “This is probably not unique to pigs,” he said.
The Yale researchers, who began work on the technique about four years ago and are seeking NIH funding for it, acted out of a desire to construct a comprehensive atlas of connections between human brain cells.
Some of these connections probably span large regions of the brain and would thus be traced more easily in a complete, intact organ.
Sestan acknowledged that surgeons at Yale had already asked him if the brain-preserving technology could have medical uses. Disembodied human brains, he said, could become guinea pigs for testing exotic cancer cures and speculative Alzheimer’s treatments too dangerous to try on the living.
The setup, jokingly dubbed the “brain in a bucket,” would quickly raise serious ethical and legal questions if it were tried on a human.
For instance, if a person’s brain were reanimated outside the body, would that person awake in what would amount to the ultimate sensory deprivation chamber, without ears, eyes, or a way to communicate? Would someone retain memories, an identity, or legal rights? Could researchers ethically dissect or dispose of such a brain?
The “brain in a jar” scene from the 1983 comedy The Man with Two Brains. Though fodder for jokes, as brain-preservation technology advances medical ethicists are taking it seriously. STREAMLINE | “THE MAN WITH TWO BRAINS” (1983)
Also, because federal safety regulations apply to people, not “dead” tissues, it is uncertain whether the US Food and Drug Administration would have any say over whether scientists could attempt such a reanimation procedure.
“There are going to be a lot of weird questions even if it isn’t a brain in a box,” said an advisor to the NIH who didn’t wish to speak on the record. “I think a lot of people are going to start going to slaughterhouses to get heads and figure it out.”
Sestan said he was concerned about how the technology would be received by the public and by his peers. “People are fascinated. We have to be careful how fascinated,” he said.
Comatose state
It’s well known that a comatose brain can be kept alive for at least decades. That is the case with brain-dead people whose families elect to keep them attached to ventilating machines.
Less well explored are artificial means of maintaining a brain wholly separated from its body. There have been previous attempts, including a 1993 report involving rodents, but Sestan’s team is the first to achieve it with a large mammal, without using cold temperatures, and with such promising results.
At first, the Yale group was uncertain if an “ex vivo” brain to which circulation was restored would regain consciousness. To answer that question, the scientists checked for signs of complex activity in the pig brains using a version of EEG, or electrodes placed on the brain’s surface. These can pick up electrical waves reflecting broad brain activity indicating thoughts and sensations.
Initially, Sestan said, they believed they had found such signals, generating both alarm and excitement in the lab, but they later determined that those signals were artifacts created by nearby equipment.
Sestan now says the organs produce a flat brain wave equivalent to a comatose state, although the tissue itself “looks surprisingly great” and, once it’s dissected, the cells produce normal-seeming patterns.
The lack of wider electrical activity could be irreversible if it is due to damage and cell death. The pigs’ brains were attached to the BrainEx device roughly four hours after the animals were decapitated.
However, it could also be due to chemicals the Yale team added to the blood replacement to prevent swelling, which also severely dampen the activity of neurons. “You have to understand that we have so many channel blockers in our solution,” Sestan told the NIH. “This is probably the explanation why we don’t get [any] signal.”
Sestan told the NIH it is conceivable that the brains could be kept alive indefinitely and that steps could be attempted to restore awareness. He said his team had elected not to attempt either because “this is uncharted territory.”
“That animal brain is not aware of anything, I am very confident of that,” Sestan said, although he expressed concern over how the technique might be used by others in the future. “Hypothetically, somebody takes this technology, makes it better, and restores someone’s [brain] activity. That is restoring a human being. If that person has memory, I would be freaking out completely.”
Brain experiments
Consciousness isn’t necessary for the type of experiments on brain connections that scientists hope to carry out on living ex vivo brains. “The EEG brain activity is a flat line, but a lot of other things keep on ticking,” says Anna Devor, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Diego, who is familiar with the Yale project.
Devor thinks the ability to work on intact, living brains would be “very nice” for scientists working to build a brain atlas. “The whole question of death is a gray zone,” she says. “But we need to remember the isolated brain is not the same as other organs, and we need to treat it with the same level of respect that we give to an animal.”
Today in the journal Nature, 17 neuroscientists and bioethicists, including Sestan, published an editorial arguing that experiments on human brain tissue may require special protections and rules.
They identified three categories of “brain surrogates” that provoke new concerns. These include brain organoids (blobs of nerve tissue the size of a rice grain), human-animal chimeras (mice with human brain tissue added), and ex vivo human brain tissue (such as chunks of brain removed during surgery).
They went on to suggest a variety of ethical safety measures, such as drugging animals that possess human brain cells so they stay in a “comatose-like brain state.”
Hyman, who also signed the letter, says he did so reluctantly, because he thinks most of the scenarios are exaggerated or unlikely. It’s hardly possible a tiny brain organoid will feel or think anything, he says.
The one type of research he thinks may call for quick action to set up rules of the road is Sestan’s unpublished brain preservation technique (which the Nature editorial did not discuss). “If people want to keep human brains alive post mortem, that is a more pressing and realistic problem,” says Hyman. “Given that it is possible with a pig brain, there should be guidelines for human tissue.”
How Would Humanity React If We Really Found Aliens?
By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor
An invasion of Earth by alien flying saucers is a trope of science fiction. But what if aliens really did find us?
Credit: Ana Aguirre Perez/Shutterstock
If aliens reach out to us, what would happen first?
It's a question that has puzzled science-fiction fans and scientists alike for decades, and we already may have a hint of how people will react. On Oct. 30, 1938, a dramatized version of the 1898 H.G. Wells novel "The War of the Worlds" played on the CBS Radio system across the United States. The story details how Martians attacked Earth.
The radio broadcast caused a reaction when people mistook it for a real radio report, but accounts vary as to how much of a reaction there was. Some accounts describe nationwide panic, while others say not very many people actually listened to the broadcast. The promise of alien life stars in Episode 1 of "AMC Visionaries: James Cameron's Story of Science Fiction," which debuts on AMC tonight. Still, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) researcher Duncan Forgan told Space.com the "War of the Worlds" broadcast may be instructive to think about as SETI scientists worldwide update their "first contact" protocols. [E.T. Etiquette: How Should Humanity Interact with Alien Life?]
"If you pick the right science fiction — the hard science fiction — it's placed in the best possible educated guesses about what will happen," said Forgan, who is a research fellow at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. He explained that "hard" science fiction refers to science fiction that emphasizes accuracy (think the 2015 movie "The Martian," for example).
If researchers find a signal today, Forgan said, one of the things they will have to manage is a public used to getting constant news updates on Twitter and other forms of social media. It's something Forgan and his colleagues are already working on. The International Academy of Astronautics SETI Permanent Committee created a post-detection protocol in 1989 that was slightly updated in 2010; a new update is starting soon and should be finished in a few years, Forgan said.
Scientific work
Famed directors James Cameron and Ridley Scott talk aliens in "AMC Visionaries: James Cameron's Story of Science Fiction," which premieres on AMC on April 30.
Credit: AMC
For the most part, scientists assume alien contact would happen through a signal purposely sent toward Earth. The "acid test" is to make sure the signal is verified by multiple observatories, said SETI Institute senior astronomer Seth Shostak. "It would take a while to verify, and then the people who like to think about these matters say you would have a press conference and announce this to the world," he said, but he added that wouldn't work unless everyone in the project were sworn to secrecy. In this era of news leaks, he said that situation is very unlikely to hold.
So, scientists try instead to stick to a protocol that includes informing the public. The 2010 IAA protocol is only two pages and covers facets such as searching for a signal, handling evidence and what to do in the case of a confirmed detection.
If the evidence gets out to the public while the scientists are still analyzing the signal, Forgan said they could manage the public's expectations by using something called the Rio Scale. It's essentially a numeric value that represents the degree of likelihood that an alien contact is "real." (Forgan added that the Rio Scale is also undergoing an update, and more should be coming out about it in May.)
If the aliens did arrive here, "first contact" protocols likely would be useless, because if they're smart enough to show up physically, they could probably do anything else they like, according to Shostak. "Personally, I would leave town," Shostak quipped. "I would get a rocket and get out of the way. I have no idea what they are here for."
But there's little need to worry. An "Independence Day" scenario of aliens blowing up important national buildings such as the White House is extremely unlikely, Forgan said, because interstellar travel is difficult. (This feeds into something called the Drake Equation, which considers where the aliens could be and helps show why we haven't heard anything from them yet.) [The Father of SETI: Q&A with Astronomer Frank Drake]
WHAT DO ALIENS LOOK LIKE? - Computer Animated Alien Life In Outer Space
Early SETI work
To find a signal, first we have to be listening for it. SETI "listening" is going on all over the world, and in fact, this has been happening for many decades. The first modern SETI experiment took place in 1960. Under Project Ozma, Cornell University astronomer Frank Drake pointed a radio telescope (located at Green Bank, West Virginia) at two stars called Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani. He scanned at a frequency astronomers nickname "the water hole," which is close to the frequency of light that's given off by hydrogen and hydroxyl (one hydrogen atom bonded to one oxygen atom). [13 Ways to Find Intelligent Aliens]
In 1977, The Ohio State University SETI's program made international headlines after a project volunteer, Jerry Ehman, wrote, "Wow!" beside a strong signal a telescope there received. The Aug. 15, 1977, "Wow" signal was never repeated, however.
There have been many, many projects since then. As a taste: The SETI Institute was founded in 1984; while it may be the most famous of the SETI projects, there are many other independent SETIs at universities and institutions worldwide that have done work over the decades. One of the center's major initiatives was Project Phoenix, which scanned nearby, sun-like stars. Currently, the SETI Institute, in collaboration with other institutes, is working on a concept called the Allen Telescope Array, which has dozens of radio dishes in northern California.
In 2015, the well-known physicist Stephen Hawking and many other researchers launched Breakthrough Listen, a project that will scan 1 million Milky Way stars and 100 nearby galaxies for extraterrestrial life.
Space-based SETI
While searches of alien messages aren't ongoing in space, there have been efforts to communicate with any beings that may come across our spacecraft.
The Pioneer 10 and 11 probes flew by Jupiter (and in Pioneer 11's case, Saturn) to eventually make their way out of the solar system. Before their launches in 1972 and 1973, respectively, a Pioneer plaque was mounted on board each spacecraft. It shows the form of the human body and where the Earth is located in the galaxy.
The twin Voyager probes launched in 1977 to examine the outer solar system. Voyager 2 reached interstellar space in 2012, while Voyager 1 is still at the edge of the solar system. Each of the spacecraft includes two golden records with sounds recorded on Earth, ranging from whale calls to music to the word "hello" in many languages. The record also has diagrams of the human body and where our solar system is located.
Scientists also transmitted a radio message from the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico in 1974. The so-called Arecibo Message includes such things as the numbers 1 through 10; the atomic numbers of elements such as hydrogen and oxygen; information about DNA; and diagrams of a human body, the Earth and our solar system.
In a related field, the study of exoplanets has accelerated in recent years with the Kepler mission, which has found more than 2,000 confirmed exoplanets alone, as well as other observatories on the ground and in space. Scientists are now trying to characterize which of these planets may be the most habitable. Atmospheric studies and more detailed looks at star activity will be some of the activities scientists undertake with future telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, which will launch in 2020.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEET De Europees-Russische sonde ExoMars heeft foto’s van ijsvlaktes aan een kraterrand op de Rode Planeet naar de Aarde gestuurd. Op één van de beelden is een 40 kilometer lange doorsnede te zien, zo heeft ESA meegedeeld. Het zijn de eerste foto’s van de verkenner sinds die een nieuwe baan op 400 kilometer hoogte draait.
Ook met prominente Belgische inbreng, via het NOMAD-instrument van het Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie, zal de ExoMars speuren naar gassen die meer kunnen leren over mogelijke geologische of biologische activiteit op onze buurplaneet, zoals methaan.
De beelden van een camera moeten helpen de mogelijke bronnen van de gassen op het oppervlak van de planeet te vinden.
EPAEen van de foto's van de Europees-Russische sonde ExoMars.
Het eerste luik van het Europees-Russische project ExoMars werd in maart 2016 met een Russische Proton-M gelanceerd. De “orbiter” (TGO) kwam in oktober van dat jaar in een baan rond de Rode Planeet, de landing van de dochtersonde Schiaparelli mislukte. Volgens ESA draait de TGO nu een nieuwe, bijna cirkelvormige, baan rondom Mars. In 2020 moet het tweede luik van ExoMars starten. Het houdt in het bijzonder een robotjeep in.
The Oumuamua cigar-shaped interstellar asteroid may not have been a space ship disguised as an asteroid, but the root of that idea – using a hollowed-out space object to travel between stars – is getting serious scientific consideration … and the concept actually sounds feasible. Should Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos be spending their money on corralling a comet?
“In light of our insatiable appetite for exploration, it is inevitable that the human species will ultimately travel outside of the known solar system. It is the next step in human evolution. My research concerns solutions that unite the biological, technological and social dimensions. And it is about spaceships that evolve during their journey.”
Well, it would be nice to get humans beyond the orbit of the Moon first, but it’s always good to think big and that’s what Angelo Vermeulen is doing. He’s the founder of the Delft University of Technology Starship Team (DSTART) and the Evolving Asteroid Starships project, which is working with the European Space Agency (ESA) on designing a regenerative life-support system called MELISSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative).
“MELiSSA, short for Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative, is an artificial ecosystem to recover food, water and oxygen from waste (faeces and urine), carbon dioxide and minerals. The laboratory will help in the development of technology for a future regenerative life support system for long-duration human space exploration missions, for example to a lunar base or to Mars.”
To Mars … and beyond. In an announcement, ESA revealed the goal of DSTART is to “perform advanced concepts research for a resilient interstellar space vehicle, to be constructed from a hollowed-out asteroid.” While it sounds like the asteroid is just a big vehicle, it’s also a supplier of minerals and more to MELISSA, which is a giant self-sustaining, self-evolving, closed-loop life support system … and more. The details will be revealed at the first joint AgroSpace-MELiSSA workshop on May 16-18 in Rome. The topics will include:
Organic wastes processing and refinery Edible biomass production Food quality, processing and human nutrition Physical, chemical and microbial contaminants Flight experiments and space technology demonstrators
While they haven’t captured and hollowed out an asteroid yet, the MELISSA teams have successfully demonstrated sealed, closed loop, life-support systems for algae on the International Space Station and for rats at Spain’s Autonomous University of Barcelona – that one has a bioreactor powered by light and oxygen-producing algae to keep rats alive and producing carbon dioxide and waste to keep the algae alive to produce … you get the idea.
What will it take to take these tiny ecosystems to the scale of an asteroid? The first simulation will be on display at the May AgroSpace-MELiSSA workshop. How close are we to capturing an asteroid to test it on? OSIRIS-REx is on its way to Bennu to pick up a 30 foot (9 meter) in diameter chunk and drag it to the Moon, where it will be placed in orbit for future missions with astronauts to analyze.
Thirty feet doesn’t sound like a big space ship, but Oumuamua was only 230 by 35 meters (800 ft × 100 ft) and it managed to travel between stars. Is the MELISSA idea crazy enough that it just might work? Or should space engineers stick with trying to build conventional space ships?
To put it another way … would you rather live for years inside a rock or the Enterprise?
Nearly 60,000 UFO sightings MAPPED: Does this finally prove mystery link to US military?
UFO investigators have mapped nearly 60,000 flying saucer sightings in the USA with staggering results that could show why there is an alleged link between UFOs and the military.
UFO MAP: Nearly 60,000 sightings have been plotted across the US.
Sightings recorded by the US-based National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC), an independent organisation that logs and investigates such cases, have been charted on a map of North America.
Data analyst Adam Crahen plotted all 58,828 reports received by NUFORC for the US from 1995 to 2014 on a map of the US.
The impressive end result shows swathes of green UFO reports spread out across the vast country.
However, it has been suggested the most dense areas for sightings coincide with US military installations.
Alex Hollings, a retired US duty marine, now writes for Sofrep.com, a news and intelligence service provided by former special operations veterans.
He wrote: "When laying that same map of reported UFO sightings over a US map showing the locations of all military installations, an interesting trend starts to emerge.
It’s not as unlikely as you may think. Military aircraft are often mistaken for Unidentified Flying Objects in US skies because their shape and behaviour don’t adhere to the norms we’re accustomed to.
Alex Hollings
"Many of the regions that seem to show a high frequency of UFO reports coincide with the locations of military installations.
"For the conspiracy minded, this might mean our alien visitors have taken a particular interest in what our military is up to.
"Others might be inclined to conclude many of these supposed UFO sightings may be nothing more than misidentified military aircraft."
Conspiracy theorists have developed many claims about UFO and US military links.
The most far-fetched of which suggests intelligent aliens have arrived on Earth and been hidden away in top-secret US military installations away from public view.
There, they help military scientists reverse engineer their flying saucer technology, in return for being allowed to abduct a small number of human beings for their own experimentation.
Another slightly less outlandish claim suggests that aliens are not working with the military as above, but so-called black projects are underway at secret bases, such as Area 51 in Nevada.
There, it is claimed, experts try to reverse engineer UFOs that have been recovered after "crashes" in order to produce the most hi-tech spy craft ever built on Earth.
Many claim these "spy craft" being tested are then mistaken for alien UFOs.
Mr Hollings believes the real reason so many UFOs are see near military installations is more straight forward.
He added: "It’s not as unlikely as you may think. Military aircraft are often mistaken for Unidentified Flying Objects in US skies because their shape and behaviour don’t adhere to the norms we’re accustomed to.
"Sometimes, these sightings are the result of the testing of never before seen platforms, but others, it’s simply a matter of military aircraft not exhibiting the same behaviour seen from commercial aircraft above our heads.
"A bright light flying low over a rural region and moving in a seemingly unusual manner could be Martians… but it could also be a Blackhawk in the distance. Most people don’t have a lot of experience identifying either, through no fault of their own.
"Is this a reasonable explanation for nearly 60,000 sightings spread out over a 19-year span?
"Maybe not, but the next time you look to the sky and think you may see an inbound flying saucer, it might be worth doing a quick search to see how far you are from the nearest air national guard base. The answer may surprise you."
Groups like NUFORC and the larger, but similar US organisation the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), readily accept the about 95 per cent of the thousands of reports they receive can be explained by natural phenomena and misidentified aircraft built by humans.
The other around five per cent are said to remain a mystery.
UFO Sighting Video Apparently Reveals A Secret Alien Base In Russia
Footage shows a strange light beneath the clouds captures from a plane window. The bright light reportedly travels over a vast empty part of Russia.
The light remains utterly still like it is coming from a fixed area on the ground as the jet speeds up over the top.
The video was uploaded to a YouTube account Stan on April 22. The video went viral and gained popularity on different conspiracy channels.
YouTube user thirdphaseofmoon shared the footage on his profile, stating on the title that “Russia probably doesn’t want you to see this.”
He said the light was seemed out of the middle of nowhere and emitted a strange bright orange glow. It could be a crashed UFO or UFO experiments that were happening, he added.
The video has gained popularity with more than 6,000 hits just a few hours after he uploaded it.
UFO enthusiasts were quick to give their speculation about the strange light.
Many viewers think that the light is very unusual as it is too concentrated and uniformed. Others speculate that it could be a UFO below the clouds. Some claim that Russia has a vast UFO base. However, many others offer a simple explanation saying the light is a lens flare or a natural weather event.
Airplane passenger films strange rotating phenomenon when flying over China’s Xi’an - Take a look!
While on a flight the airplane passenger noticed strange lights for about 20 minutes and at some point the lights seem to be rotating before disappearing into the clouds below.
The event happened on April 12, 2018 – The lights are not connected to each other and it seems they are floating free in the sky.
The airplane passenger who reported the strange phenomenon to Mufon case 91673 states:
Researcher Isaac Koi has published some startling yet not widely known details, regarding some unusual space debris that was found in northern Saskatchewan in 1968.
Multiple UFOs & strange purple Beams of Light filmed over Arizona
A strange video on YouTube is getting a lot of attention for showing multiple UFOs and weird purple beams of light in the skies over Arizona.
The footage was recorded on a panoramic 360-degree live camera feed recently.
Commenters on the video hint evidence of extraterrestrial visitation, while others think the strange sky phenomenon is a clandestine HAARP project.
NOTE:
That purple beam is what used to be referred to as a ROD, they turned out to be bugs of some kind that fly to fast for the cameras processing ability.
The Purple Rods, swirls, beams might very well be moths, insects. The patterns strongly suggest moths from the way that moths and butterflies have been studied in labs using high-speed cameras. And the UFO's definitely could just be local air traffic. Is this in or near Phoenix, Arizona? Then it could be air traffic from Sky Harbor...or a small, local, municipal airport.
NASA and ESA will team up to bring Martian soil samples back to Earth
ESA
Sophisticated laboratories aboard probes like the Curiosity Rover and the upcoming Insight Mars Lander can tell us much, but samples of Martian soil in terrestrial laboratories would open new worlds of exploration for scientists. To that end, NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) just revealed a bold plan to retrieve soil samples from the surface of the red planet and transport them back to Earth.
In a statement of intent released last week, the two agencies outlined their proposal, which would require multiple missions and some tricky maneuvering in orbit around Mars.
“There is no question that for a planetary scientist, the chance to bring pristine, carefully chosen samples of the Red Planet back to Earth for examination using the best facilities is a mouth-watering prospect,” said David Parker of the ESA. “Reconstructing the history of Mars and answering questions of its past are only two areas of discovery that will be dramatically advanced by such a mission.”
The Mars 2020 rover, which has already begun assembly at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) in Pasadena, California, will land on Mars via a rocket-powered sky crane. It will collect about 30 soil samples in small test-tube-sized containers and place them in a location for later retrieval.
The next mission will utilize a “fetch rover” to collect the samples and then return to its lander, which will launch the small payload into orbit using a Mars Ascent Vehicle. Such a launch has never been done before, and it will require extensive coordination between the agencies to pull it off.
Finally, a third spacecraft launched from Earth will rendezvous with the Mars Ascent Vehicle and retrieve the samples. Upon returning to Earth, a module containing the samples will enter the atmosphere and land somewhere in the U.S.
All the details of the cooperative venture haven’t been finalized; a more complete proposal will be submitted by the two agencies later this year.
Thomas Zurbuchen of NASA speculated that this mission could finally answer the question about whether there was ever life on Mars. “A sample would provide a critical leap forward in our understanding of Mars’s potential to harbor life,” he said. “I look forward to connecting and collaborating with international and commercial partners on tackling the exciting technological challenges ahead — that would allow us to bring home a sample of Mars.”
North Wales X File special - Berwyn Mountains 'UFO crash' map revealed
Does the old chart shed light on what really happened in 1974 'Welsh Rosewell' incident?
The red dot shows where the incident is said to have happened. Black dotted lines leading to dot from the west show the alleged path of RAF jets and UFO. Black dotted lines from the north show jet flight path
A map claiming to chart show a UFO crashed in one of North Wales’ greatest mysteries has been revealed for the first time.
Now he has come forward with an old map which allegedly shows the flight paths of RAF jets and a flying saucer - with some theorists claiming the latter crashed.
On the map pictured below the red dot shows where the incident is said to have happened. Black dotted lines leading to dot from the west show the alleged path of RAF jets and UFO.
Black dotted lines from the north to the red dot show the flight path jets are said to have taken.
Mr Kellett claims the document was given to him by five men who witnessed the incident and undertook their own investigations afterwards.
“The five saw a strange object and got out to have a look, but the military were there and told them to leave,” Mr Kellett said.
“They moved to a better position and started to take photos.
“They were all friends and four were in the military during World War Two.
“Afterwards they started doing their own research and the map is a result of what they found out and shows the flight paths.
“When I was giving a talk in Bala to a packed audience around the late 1990s, early 2000s, I was given a package by them after and there were these maps in them which they had drawn up based on what they had found out from their research.
“It was very strange and I was a little bit spooked.”
Dubbed the Welsh Roswell, at about 8.30pm on January 23, in 1974, people reported hearing a huge bang, earth tremors were felt amid claims of a brilliant light in the sky above the mountain range.
At the time families in the villages of Llandderfel and Llandrillo were settling down to watch TV when an explosion was heard and the ground shook which measured 3.5 on the Richter scale.
Police arrived in the area and a RAF search and rescue team was scrambled from Anglesey.
Berwyn Mountains(Image: UGC TNW)
There were even claims other military personnel arrived at the site.
Documents seen by the Daily Post showing numerous calls on the night were put into Gwynedd police who logged “a large explosion in the area and there is a large fire in the mountainside.”
One witness who saw on object on the hillside said in a statement at the time: “Saw bright red light, like coal fire red. Large perfect circle. Like a big bonfire.”
However, sceptics maintain the activity can be explained by a meteor shower, an earthquake and poachers on the mountain side, triggering the noise and lights.
“I’ve carried the map around for a long time as part of my research,” said Mr .
“I’m getting older now and just wanted to put it out there to see what people make of it and if there was anybody else who could shed light on what happened.”
If we travel through the north of Bulgaria, and its Lovech province, we’ll find there is a beautiful gorge called Iskar, very close to the village of Karlukovo, and in it, piercing a mountain of limestone, we find the so-called Eyes of God.
It’s a fascinating cave that’s perfect for photography lovers, but also those who want to witness first hand, the so-called Eyes ofGod.
The region where the cave is located has been subject for millennia to karstic action, that is, the chemical weathering produced by water on certain types of soluble rocks, that have shaped the landscape and dug underground galleries and natural grottos producing a characteristic landscape, unlike any other anywhere in the world.
While we find many other caves, in this article we take a look at the Prohodna cave, which is up to two hundred and sixty-two meters long and happens to be the largest in Bulgaria.
The cave has two entrances which lie opposite one another, known respectively as the Small Entrance and the Big Entrance.
The caves of the Geological Park of Iskar-Panega, are one of the most extensive karst regions of the country. It is believed to have arisen in the Quaternary Era, and it is a true paradise for caving enthusiasts since it is home to hundreds of caves.
The cavern contains enormous cavities, one next to the other with two massive almond-shaped openings at the top, given the viewer from below an appearance almost as if the cave was looking down, through a pair of mysterious eyes.
According to experts, the ‘Eyes of God’ formed through erosion, let in light into the cave.
While the cave is a popular tourist destination today, experts have found traces of prehistoric habitation in the cave, which testify that humans lived in the cave during the Neolithicand Chalcolithic.
The entrance of Prohodna cave can be seen even from the National cave house.
The most fascinating time to visit the cave is at night when the sky is clear and the moon is full. Then, with a bit patience and luck, you can see the moon through the two cavities on the ceiling of the cave.
When rainwater enters both holes and falls down the walls of the cave; locals often say then that God’s Eyes Are Crying.
As noted by sendeirsmoeurope.com, the “eyes” of the Prohodna cave have a hypnotic effect and watch them for a while from inside the cave is very relaxing.
These Are The Rare Ancient Maps, Used By Ancient Explorers To Travel The Earth
These are the rare ancient charts used by ancient navigators to explore the Earth, and they are about to be sold in an auction in London and could sell for millions.
Thousands of years ago, explorers used whatever maps they could find to travel to places no one else had been.
Many explorers, including Cristopher Columbus, used rare maps to navigate Earths’ ocean and travel to different continents.
These maps have a mighty history behind them, as many of them were used by some of the most influential explorers from our history books.
Curiously, as noted by the MailOnline, many of these ancient charts are about to go on sale in an auction house in London, UK, and experts warn they could sell for millions, as people will recognize their incredible value.
The auction in London will feature around 400 maps. Among the hundreds of maps is a 1472‘T-O’map, considered the first printed atlas of the planet, displaying how Earth was arranged, according to Christian beliefs.
The map seen here below is one of several ancient charts created by famed geographer and astronomer ClaudiusPtolemaeus.
An ancient Chart created by famed geographer and astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus.
The map was published in an atlas from 1482 and is considered by experts as one of the earliest global maps ever created.
The map is especially known for being the first map to make use of latitude and longitude. According to experts, the origins of this map date back to the known world in the 2nd Century and, according to the MailOnline, it could sell for £80,000 ($110,000). The map shows three sections which are a representation of the world’s oceans and are believed to indicate the belief the Earthwas spherical, and not flat.
The ancient chart shows the Mediterranean separating Europe from Africa, and the Red Sea and the River Don separating both from Asia. In addition to offering an extremely detailed map of our planet, the map also features the sons of Noah on Each Continent.
This sensational ancient map was created by Peter Goos in 1666.
An Italian artist called Francesco Berlinghieri helped create the map and providing ‘considerable artistic appeal’ with the addition of the 12 wind-heads surrounding the ancient chart. This map is believed to have played a crucial role in Cristopher Columbus’ accidental ‘discovery of the new world.’
Although it is noteworthy to mention that Columbus was NOT the first explorer to reach to American Continent, and he didn’t have to discover anything, as the continent was long inhabited by different cultures. If anything, Columbus ‘introduced’ America to the rest of the world.
This map depicts the world from an unusual point of different view. We see the planet from the poles. This ancient chart was created by Cornelius De Jode, a cartographer from Antwerp in the 1500’s.
Speaking about the auction, and the different ancient maps, Cecile Gasseholm, Sotheby’s specialist, told MailOnline:
“Ptolomy made his calculations on the size of the Earth when creating the map with regards to dimensions of the world.”
“The measurements were widely taken as gospel for centuries and into the middle ages. Christopher Columbus, when he set sail in 1492 from the Spanish port of Palos, used these calculations to inform his navigation. To his dismay and later great reward, they turned out to be wildly inaccurate and resulted in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.”
ASTRONOMERS SEARCH FOR ALIEN MEGASTRUCTURES IN SATELLITE DATA
The European Space Agency’s Gaia satellite has been helping map the billions of stars in the Milky Way, and a group of astronomers is using the spacecraft’s stunning new star catalog to search for signs of highly advanced alien civilizations.
A team of scientists from Sweden’s Uppsala University and the University of Heidelberg in Germany combed Gaia’s first data release of a billion stars from September 2016. They then cross-referenced it with observations from the Australia-based Milky Way-watching RAVE project looking for differences in how far away the two observatories place certain stars.
Artist’s representation of a crumbling Dyson sphere orbiting KIC 8462852.Danielle Futselaar/METI International
Simply put, the Gaia data shows how far away a star is by watching it move across a background of far more distant stars, an effect called parallax. RAVE data, on the other hand, estimates the distance of a star based on the properties of its brightness. So the scientists looked for stars observed by both Gaia and RAVE where the data seemed to disagree on the distance of a star.
The idea is that the disparity in distance measurements by the different instruments could be explained by the presence of a partial Dyson sphere, a structure that envelopes or partially envelopes a star to harvest its energy.
Science fiction has long envisioned huge alien megastructures like planet-size artificial spheres or rings or swarms of energy-collecting spacecraft. They’ve also been floated as a possible explanation for the strange dimming and re-brightening behavior of the now famous Boyajian’s Star, also known as Tabby’s Star or KIC 8462852.
Cross-referencing the data sets revealed a handful of stars in Gaia data that may possibly be circled by such alien megastructures. However, upon closer examination, the team determined that errors in the data could account for differing measurements in the case of all but one star named TYC 6111-1162-1.
Best places in space to search for alien life
The researchers used a third observatory to take a closer look at the star. They didn’t find evidence of alien megastructures, but instead of an unseen companion star, which could also account for the discrepancies in measurements.
While they haven’t discovered advanced aliens just yet, the team maintains that their method of searching for possible Dyson spheres is still sound. They say the search will become even easier with future releases of Gaia data, which will provide both types of distance measurements for many stars.
Meanwhile, the second Gaia Data Release dropped on Wednesday, with a fresh batch of 1.7 billion stars to check for ambitious alien construction projects. If anyone finds anything, please notify Elon Musk. He’s always looking for fresh inspiration.
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Artist's concept of the space plane being designed by Northrop Grumman, with help from Scaled Composites and Virgin Galactic, for DARPA's XS-1 program.
Credit: Northrop Grumman
The XS-1 is a space plane under development by the U.S. military's high-tech agency, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The major goal of the project is to reuse the spacecraft frequently, with a proposed launch rate of 10 one-day missions in just 10 days. In May 2017, DARPA selected Boeing as the provider for phases 2 and 3. Test fights are scheduled for 2020.
The XS-1 (Experimental Spaceplane 1) is envisioned to heft payloads for less than $5 million a flight, each weighing between 3,000 and 5,000 lbs. (1,360 to 2,267 kilograms). The aircraft-like craft is also supposed to fly faster than Mach 10, or 10 times the speed of sound.
"Technologies derived from the XS-1 program will enable routine space launch capabilities with aircraft-like cost, operability and reliability," read a DARPA announcement from November 2013 cited in a 2014 Space.com article.
"The long-term intent is for XS-1 technologies to be transitioned to support not only next-generation launch for government and commercial customers, but also global reach hypersonic and space access aircraft."
Decades of concepts
So far, there has been no fully reusable space vehicle due to technical complication. The NASA space shuttle, a partially reusable system, flew 135 times between 1981 and 2011. Parts of the space shuttle had to be re-manufactured for every flight, such as the external tanks and a certain number of tiles for the re-entry protection system (which would get damaged or fall off during landing.)
Other early attempts for reusable space launch vehicles include the X-30 (1980s) and X-33 VentureStar (1990s), which never flew. DARPA also attempted a program called Responsive Access, Small Cargo, Affordable Launch (RASCAL) in the early 2000s. For the XS-1, DARPA originally announced the program in 2013 and it is now in Phase 2/3. In 2014, DARPA said reusability would be of help for rapid launches at a low cost.
"In an era of declining budgets and adversaries' evolving capabilities, quick, affordable and routine access to space is increasingly critical for both national and economic security," DARPA said in a 2014 press release.
This image, taken from a DARPA presentation, shows several potential designs for the U.S. military's planned XS-1 Experimental Spaceplane, an innovative robotic spacecraft project to launch satellites into orbit cheaply and efficiently.
Credit: DARPA
DARPA pointed out that satellite launches on rockets must be scheduled years in advance and cost a lot of money. "DARPA created its Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) program to help overcome these challenges and create a new paradigm for more routine, responsive and affordable space operations," the agency added.
In 2014, three teams were selected to compete for the flight contract:
Northrop Grumman leading the team, with Scaled Composites doing manufacture-assembly and Virgin Galactic doing operations
Masten Space Systems (lead) and XCOM Aerospace
Boeing (lead) and Blue Origin
Tasks for Phase 1 included developing the vehicle, finding and reducing the risk of creating the "core" technologies and processes, and figuring out how to move forward into the flight phase, DARPA said.
"DARPA expects the performers to explore alternative technical approaches from the perspectives of feasibility, performance, system design and development cost and operational cost. They must also assess potential suitability for near-term transition opportunities to military, civil and commercial users," the agency wrote.
The program entered Phase 2 in 2016. In 2017, DARPA selected Boeing to build and test the XS-1. "The XS-1 would be neither a traditional airplane nor a conventional launch vehicle but rather a combination of the two, with the goal of lowering launch costs by a factor of ten and replacing today's frustratingly long wait time with launch on demand," said Jess Sponable, DARPA program manager, in a May 2017 press release. "We're very pleased with Boeing's progress on the XS-1 through Phase 1 of the program and look forward to continuing our close collaboration in this newly funded progression to Phases 2 and 3 — fabrication and flight."
Further development
The ultimate goal of the development program is a flight test, when Boeing and DARPA will attempt to do 10 launches in 10 days. This will happen in Phase 3. First, there will be several shakedown flights, and then the XS-1 will do multiple space launches with speeds ranging from Mach 5 to Mach 10. The XS-1 will also send a demonstration payload that has a mass of between 900 and 3,000 lbs. (roughly between 410 and 1,360 kg).
"If successful, the program could help enable a commercial service in the future that could operate with recurring costs of as little as $5 million or less per launch, including the cost of an expendable upper stage, assuming a recurring flight rate of at least ten flights per year — a small fraction of the cost of launch systems the U.S. military currently uses for similarly sized payloads," DARPA said in its May 2017 press release. (The $5 million cost is the actual cost and not the commercial price, DARPA said.)
"Another goal of the program is to encourage the broader commercial launch sector to adopt useful XS-1 approaches, processes, and technologies that facilitate launch on demand and rapid turnaround — important military and commercial needs for the 21st century. Toward that goal, DARPA intends to release selected data from its Phase 2/3 tests and will provide to all interested commercial entities the relevant specs for potential payloads," DARPA added.
Rapid turnarounds will require using some technology that is already in place on military aircraft, DARPA stated, such as "easily accessible subsystem components" that engineers can take out quickly for maintenance and repairs. The XS-1 will also use some known systems, such as the Aerojet Rocketdyne AR-22 engine that is a version of the space shuttle's main engine.
XS-1 will also have a share of innovative technologies. These include extremely lightweight propellant tanks to hold liquid oxygen and liquid oxygen, hybrid composite-metallic wings and surfaces that are capable of surviving multiple re-entries, and some autonomous flight capabilities.
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