Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
Donderdag 16 mei 2019
The 1952 UFO Incident Over Washington: What Really Happened?
The 1952 UFO Incident Over Washington: What Really Happened?
Up until 1952, much of the coverage of “flying saucers” in the American media remained unsympathetic to the idea that some unusual new phenomenon was appearing in our skies. That was the case, at least, until Saturday Night Fever erupted over our nation’s capital, marking one of the most well known, and often written about UFO flaps in American history.
It was almost midnight on the evening of Saturday, July 19, 1952. Air-traffic controller Ed Nugent (not to be confused with a particular raucous guitarist with a similar name) was working the tower at Washington National Airport, when he observed something odd on the radar screen in front of him: it appeared to be a group of six or seven slow-moving objects moving together over the region, well outside the flight paths of any known aircraft, military or civilian, in the area at that time.
At that time, it had been treated as something of a joke (Nugent reportedly told his supervisor, tongue planted firmly in cheek, that he had just spotted an entire “fleet of flying saucers”). However, shortly thereafter another of the ATC operators noticed something odd and out of place: a strange light in the distance, which appeared to accelerate and disappear “at incredible speed.”
Thereafter, the incident received notable coverage in the press, with many articles emphasizing the USAF’s apparent interest in the matter. This was particularly the case following a statement given to the press by Major General John A. Samford, who appeared on camera on July 31, 1952, addressing the “flying saucers” seen over Washington, DC:
“The Air Force today investigated reports that several ‘flying saucers’ had been spotted by radar virtually in its own backyard on the outskirts of the nation’s capital,” journalist Jack Rutledge later wrote of the incident for Louisiana’s Monroe News-Star. “Not only were unidentified objects seen on radar–indicating actual substance instead of merely light–but two airline pilots and a newsman saw lights fitting the general description of flying saucers the same night.”
Indeed, a number of pilots claimed to have seen lights similar to those observed from Washington National Airport. However, among the most notable accounts had been that given by Captain S. Casey Pierman of Detroit, who was flying Capital Airlines Flight 807 on the night in question, headed southbound from National Airport, who observed seven objects while en route from Washington to Martinsburg, West Virginia. Pierman described the objects as at times “hanging motionless” like stars, while at other times “moving at tremendous speed” and resembling “falling stars without tails.”
In a statement Pierman gave to the press, he noted that “In my years of flying I’ve seen a lot of falling or shooting stars… but these were much faster… They couldn’t have been aircraft. They were moving too fast for that. They were about the same size and as the brighter stars, and were much higher than our 6000-foot altitude.”
Many years have passed since this now famous incident, allowing plenty of time for questions to be raised as far as what, precisely, might have been observed on the night in question (which, in truth, had been one of several similar incidents occurring near Washington at that time). However, even in the years shortly after the series of sightings over Washington took place, there were those who were of the mind that the phenomenon had stemmed from secret U.S. military activities, rather than extraterrestrial “saucers” from another world.
Leon Davidson, Ph.D, an early proponent of the idea that UFOs were largely a result of technologies and misdirection from our own government, noted that radar technology had existed by 1950 that would have allowed the creation of “false positives” that could easily have explained the radar traces observed by ATC controllers at Washington National. The question, rather than being one of what the “objects” were, was one of who might be behind such activities, which were apparently intentionally aimed at confusing the public, the media, and even members of the military?
By about 1950, ECM (electronic countermeasures) was standard equipment on our advanced bombers and was being developed for missiles. Advertisements started to appear about 1956 showing that this equipment could be used for creating simulated targets for training radar operators. I quote from an article in Aviation Research and Development, March 1957, pg. 22:
“A new radar moving target simulator system — which generates a display of up to 6 individual targets on any standard radar indicator — has been developed … to train radar operators … and for in-flight testing of airborne early-warning personnel… Target positions, paths, and velocities can … simulate … realistic flight paths… Speeds up to 10,000 knots (about 11,500 mph) are easily generated… The target can be made to turn left or right… For each target there is … adjustment to provide a realistic scope presentation.”
The reader should keep this quotation in mind when reading about radar sightings of high speed UFOs.
Davidson raises a number of good points, and the description he provides does resemble the circumstances presented in a number of the better known UFO radar reports from over the years. However, if the objects in question had indeed merely been the result of such experimental “war games” being carried out covertly, as Leon Davidson suggested (the CIA was a favorite culprit for this in Davidson’s narratives), can the idea of physical lights observed by pilots be similarly explained in some way?
We may never know the full story behind the objects seen and tracked on radar over Washington in 1952. However, when it comes to military technologies used for misdirection of the public, nothing can be ruled out, as Davidson was already suggesting within years of when the initial sightings took place. In the ever complex annals of Ufology, one thing that should always be kept in mind is that if there’s a will, there’s a way… or as cases like this may indicate, if there’s a way, then someone can find an excuse for a will.
Weird Beam of Light appears over Eskilstuna, Sweden
Many weird and unexplained things happening in the skies above us. The next footage shows a thunderstorm when suddenly a weird beam of light comes out of clouds.
The photographer said that it was a normal summer day in Eskilstuna, Sweden and while watching the thunderstorm she decided to film it.
She little know that a portal like phenomenon was going to appear..
CHINA’S ROVER COLLECTS FIRST-EVER SAMPLES FROM UNDER LUNAR CRUST
CNSA
DAN ROBITZSKI
Digging In
Yutu 2, the Chinese rover that landed on the far side of the Moonearlier this year, just examined the first-ever samples of the Moon’s mantle.
The samples are believed to have been dug out by a meteorite impact so strong that it crashed through the Moon’s crust, according to research published in the journal Nature on Wednesday. With further study, these subsurface rocks could reveal how the Moon formed in the first place.
Extremely Heavy Metal
In its earliest days, the Moon was likely comprised by a vast ocean of magma. During that period, the scientists suspect that heavy metals like iron and magnesium — both of which were prevalent in the new samples — sank below the surface while lighter compounds floated upward, eventually forming the Moon’s crust.
“This is the first ground truth of what the interior of the moon is really made of,” Purdue University scientist Briony Horgan, who did not contribute to the new research, told New Scientist. “I would say the really important thing is that it’s different from the Earth.”
Studying the Moon’s mantle could give scientists new insights into how a large space body forms when the mantle doesn’t interact with water, as it did on Earth — and could help understand how other celestial bodies formed as well.
NASA's first-everplanetary defense missionis preparing to launch in June 2021, making sure all the pieces are in place for the spacecraft to successfully slam into the small "moon" of a binary asteroid.
That mission, called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), will culminate in October 2022 with the much-anticipated impact with the binary asteroid Didymos. But mission staff have plenty to keep them busy between now and then, and they know they will be in the spotlight as the mission continues. That's in part because DART represents NASA's first foray beyond scientific and human spaceflight missions; instead, this mission will test a technology that could theoretically save Earth from a dangerous collision with a threatening asteroid.
"People can really get into the whole, 'Oh my god, you're trying to move the what?'" Elena Adams, of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, told Space.com during the International Academy of Astronautics' Planetary Defense Conference, held earlier this month in College Park, Maryland. Adams is the mission systems engineer for DART. "I think people are very excited, too, because they wouldn't want to be dinosaurs."
As mission systems engineer, Adams' job is to communicate and coordinate between all the different pieces of the DART mission — from the spacecraft itself to the launch vehicle to how the team members will work together over the course of the mission.
A key recent development in that equation is the rocket. The DART team had been assuming the craft would be piggybacking on a launch, which would have lengthened the journey from Earth to Didymos, but NASA decided to buy a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch dedicated to the mission.
"Before, we had to spend a lot of time spiralling around Earth; we didn't know where we were going to get dropped off," Adams said. "Now, we have a dedicated launch vehicle and we'll be able to just go where we want to go."
In the wake of that decision, Adams and her colleagues are meeting with SpaceX this month to begin coordinating for the launch, which will blast off from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California in June 2021.
Adams is also looking ahead to a series of crucial mission milestones happening this year. DART's final review by NASA will happen in June. The pieces of the spacecraft will also start coming together this summer, with the body of the probe arriving at the Applied Physics Laboratory in June for testing. Then, the spacecraft will go back out again to pick up its propulsion system, a new electric ion engine that DART will test.
Unlike traditional NASA missions that are packed with scientific devices, DART will carry just one instrument, an advanced camera that will capture a spacecraft's-eye view of the approach. "It will take amazing images along the way," Adams said. "But really, it's a targeting camera." For now, the main priority with that camera is making sure that the unwieldy roll-out solar arrays the mission will test don't smear the camera's images.
And then, of course, there's the people component, making sure the team behind the mission is ready to kick into high gear as the DART spacecraft approaches its target in October 2022.
"For the last 10 days, you need to have 24-hour staffing, and it's a small mission — there are only a few of us," Adams said. "So, we're trying to figure out what's the best way of breaking out all the maneuvers and what are we doing in contingencies."
Artemis is the goddess of the moon in Greek mythology.
Artist’s concept of a future moon landing carried out under NASA's newly named Artemis program. The space agency is working to return men and send the first women to the lunar surface by 2024, as has been directed by the White House.
Half a century after NASA sent men to the moon under project "Apollo," the space agency is now working to land men — and women — on the lunar surface as part of its "Artemis" program.
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine revealed the new moniker on Monday (May 13) during a call with reporters that was primarily focused on thebudget for the newly named moon program.
"It turns out that Apollo had a twin sister, Artemis. She happens to be the goddess of the moon," said Bridenstine, referring to Greek mythology. "Our astronaut office is very diverse and highly qualified. I think it is very beautiful that 50 years after Apollo, the Artemis program will carry the next man — and the first woman — to the moon."
The Artemis program, which was previously only referred to by its component names — including the Space Launch System heavy-lift rocket, Orion crew vehicle and Gateway lunar outpost — began when President Donald Trump signed Space Policy Directive 1 in 2017, directing NASA to return astronauts to the moon.
Two years later, in March 2019, Vice President Mike Pence further defined the program by announcing a five-year deadline for the first crewed lunar landing. The 2024 mission, he said, should land at the south pole with the "first woman and the next man on the moon."
On Monday, Trump amended his Fiscal Year 2020 budget request to account for the accelerated schedule and new mission objectives.
"As you know, the President has given our agency the bold charge to land the next man and the first woman on the lunar south pole by 2024, and now President Trump has extended his vote of confidence in our work with an amended budget request for fiscal year 2020," said Bridenstine in a video address to employees. "It includes $1.6 billion in additional funding."
"Among other things, it will allow us to accelerate our development of the Space Launch System and Orion, it will support the development of a human lunar landing system and it will support precursor capabilities on the lunar surface, including increased robotic exploration of the moon's polar region," he said.
To achieve the 2024 goal, NASA intends to scale back its plans for a crew-tended, multi-module Gateway to include only the basic parts needed to support an initial landing. Support for a long-term, sustainable lunar presence, as had been NASA's priority, has been deferred to 2028.
In Greek mythology, Apollo and Artemis were the twin children of Zeus and Leto. In addition to being the goddess of the moon, Artemis was also the goddess of the hunt, with Orion her hunting companion.
A mid-5th century B.C. vase depicting the Greek god Apollo (at left) with his twin sister Artemis.
The name "Apollo" was first proposed for the 1960s moon landing program by Abe Silverstein, NASA's then-director for spaceflight development. He chose the name because of its connection to Greek mythology and its "attractive connotations," per the space agency.
Before being assigned to the current moon landing program, NASA used Artemis to refer to a pair of lunar probes studying the moon's interactions with the sun. The ARTEMIS — or "Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun" — spacecraft were reassigned from NASA's THEMIS mission in 2010.
Artemis was also selected by a team competing for NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) contract. The team, led by Draper, named their proposed lunar lander Artemis-7 in honor of the Greek goddess. (The number 7 signified Draper's seventh lunar landing, having a heritage in Apollo.)
The name has also been used for a European communications satellite (retired in 2017) and was the fictional title given to the first city on the moon in author Andy Weir's ("The Martian") 2017 science fiction novel "Artemis." There is also a small crater with the name in Mare Imbrium, or the Sea of Showers, on the moon.
Bridenstine said the name Artemis represents the program's goal of inclusion.
"I have a daughter who is 11 years old, and I want her to be able to see herself in the same role as the next women [who] go to the moon see themselves in today," he said. "This is really a beautiful moment in American history, and I am very proud to be a part of it."
A resourceful type of spider uses its own web like a slingshot to catapult forward and trap prey. Before the discovery of these creatures, only humans were known to use tools in order to amplify the energy of their movements.
Most spiders build a familiar-looking spiral web, waiting for unsuspecting prey to become entangled. But while these webs are static, the triangle-weaver spider (Hyptiotes cavatus) crafts a stretchy triangle-shaped web that acts as a slingshot or bow and arrow.
This is how it works: the spider makes a single thread connecting a wall to the triangle web. The arachnid moves backwards along this thread to tighten the web, storing energy across its entire length. When the time is right, such as when prey is close to the triangle web, the spider lets go of its grip. The spider can remain in tension for hours at a time if needed. The released tension recoils the spider and its triangle web at high velocity, in the same way a rubber band would fly off once you pull it back.
Credit: Sarah Han.
This behavior, known as “power amplification”, has been documented for some time in triangle web spiders, but it was only recently that researchers at the University of Akron have quantified the forces involved. To study the animals, researchers collected triangle-weaver spiders from the university’s campus in Ohio and inserted them in enclosed terrariums. Flies were regularly released into the enclosure so the spiders might feed, while high-speed cameras recorded even the slightest movement of the arachnids.
Using sophisticated motion tracking software, the researchers recorded position data that allowed them to decode the spider’s precise and ultra-fast movements. In fact, the spider slingshots so fast, it travels with the equivalent velocity of 400 body lengths per second, according to the researchers. The maximum recorded acceleration was 773 meters per second squared, which is equivalent to a dizzying 79 g’s. Fighter pilots can’t pull more than 9 g’s without passing out.
Many animals use elastic-energy storage and recoil to produce extremely rapid motions. Examples include the jumping motion of fleas and frogs or the deadly punch of the mantis shrimp. However, the triangle-weaver’s impressive web shooting is the only known case of a nonhuman utilizing an external device for power amplification. In the future, researchers want to investigate how the spider manages to accelerate to fast without squashing itself.
“This finding reveals an underappreciated function of spider silk and expands our understanding of how power amplification is used in natural systems, showing remarkable convergence with human-made power-amplifying tools,” the authors wrote in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Greg Johnson maakte deze prachtige timelapsevideo van een supercel bij Chapman, in de Amerikaanse staat Kansas. De video dateert van 25 mei 2016, maar wordt nu pas vrijgegeven. Het flitsende onweer veroorzaakte vier tornado’s in de staat, waarvan vooral de eerste en de tweede veel schade veroorzaakten bij Abilene, Niles en Chapman.
Bekijk ook: timelapse brengt vallende sterren prachtig in beeld
Bekijk ook: prachtige timelapse van Hudson in New York
WETENSCHAP De Amerikaanse president Donald Trump kondigde nog maar pas aan dat hij 1,6 miljard dollar (1,4 miljard euro) uittrekt voor de geplande maanmissie van NASA. Het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartagentschap is echter niet het enige dat de komende tien jaar een reisje naar de maan plant. Tal van andere landen nemen deel aan de maanrace.
Donald J. Trump✔@realDonaldTrump
Under my Administration, we are restoring @NASA to greatness and we are going back to the Moon, then Mars. I am updating my budget to include an additional $1.6 billion so that we can return to Space in a BIG WAY!
Zelfs in Amerika zijn er andere (maan)kapers op de kust. Vrij letterlijk dan want Jeff Bezos, CEO van Amazon, wil met zijn commercieel ruimtevaartbedrijf Blue Origin de maan ontginnen, om onze eigen planeet te sparen. “We moeten deze planeet redden en we zouden een toekomst van ontwikkeling en groei voor de kleinkinderen van onze kleinkinderen niet mogen opgeven. We kunnen beide doen”, zei Bezos tijdens de presentatie van zijn maanmissie in Washington DC.
De maan veroveren wil de Amazon-baas doen met zijn gloednieuwe maanlander ‘Blue Moon’. En tegen 2024 moet die maanlander zelfs mensen naar de maan vervoeren. Dat is eveneens de streefdatum die Donald Trump voorop stelde voor de astronauten van NASA. Bovendien wil de president dat de vlucht van NASA bemand is.
De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie stelde zelf een bescheidener doel en mikte er in eerste instantie op om in 2028 weer een maanreis te maken.
China mag natuurlijk niet achterblijven in de nieuwe maanrace. In 2018 schreef de China National Space Administration (CNSA) alvast geschiedenis door als derde land ooit een ruimtetuig op het maanoppervlak neer te zetten - de Verenigde Staten en de Sovjet-Unie gingen China vooraf. De maanlander van China maakte deel uit van de Chang ’e 4-missie, en inmiddels wordt er gewerkt aan een volgende Chang ’e 5-missie. Die moet maangesteente mee terug naar de aarde nemen. Verder willen de Chinezen binnen de komende tien jaar een onderzoeksstation op de maan bouwen.
Europa
Ook het Europese ruimtevaartagentschap (ESA) heeft plannen met de maan. Verschillende Europese landen willen uiteindelijk een zogenaamd ‘Maandorp’ – of internationaal consortium - oprichten waar grondig wetenschappelijk onderzoek gevoerd kan worden.
Om daar te geraken, zullen de Europeanen wellicht beroep doen op een commercieel ruimtevaartbedrijf zoals SpaceX.
SpaceX
Over SpaceX gesproken: het privé ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk wil met het dearMoon-project tegen 2023 een zesdaagse reis naar de maan maken. Dat zal gebeuren met een Starship-raket met aan boord 9 ruimtetoeristen.
AFP
India
Ook de Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) introduceerde reeds in 2008 een eerste ruimtemissie waarbij het ruimtevaartuig Chandrayaan-1 in een baan rond de maan werd gebracht. De update ‘Chandrayaan-2’ zou in september 2019 een stapje verder moeten gaan en zal landen op de maan, dat zal evenwel onbemand gebeuren.
Rusland
Roscosmos, de Russische tegenhanger van NASA, wil dan weer een maanbasis uitbouwen. Die plannen zijn bestemd voor 2027. Een jaar later, in 2028, wil de Russische ruimtevaartorganisatie een superzware raket genaamd ‘Jenisej’ bouwen. Vermoedelijk is die ook bestemd voor maanreizen.
Japan
De Japanse SLIM-missie gaat volgend jaar (2020) al van start. De Japanse Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) zal aanvankelijk landingstechnieken uittesten, maar later wil JAXA ook onderzoek voeren naar de grondstoffen die aanwezig zijn op de maan. Uiteindelijk is ook Japan van plan om een bemande missie richting de maan te sturen.
Zuid-Korea
Tenslotte wil het Zuid-Koreaanse Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) in 2025 een maanlander lanceren. En volgend jaar zullen de Koreanen alvast een satelliet naar de maan brengen.
Private ruimtevaartmissies
Daarnaast zijn er trouwens nog tal van andere private startups die richting de maan willen reizen. Daaronder de Israëlische maanlander van SpaceIL: Beresheet. Die maakte dan wel een selfie van zichzelf en de maan, landen op de maan mislukte. Geen probleem, vond de voorzitter van SpaceIL: “We zijn dit begonnen en ik hoop dat we het ook ten einde kunnen brengen”. Gisteren kondigde de non-profitorganisatie aan dat er een tweede maanmissie zal volgen: Beresheet 2.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETDe maan is langzaam aan het afkoelen, waardoor ze krimpt. Zo stelden wetenschappers reeds vast dat de maan de afgelopen paar honderd miljoen jaar ongeveer vijftig diameter kleiner is geworden. Uit gegevens van de Apollo-missies blijkt nu ook dat de maan wellicht nog altijd tektonisch actief is, wat mogelijk gepaard gaat met ‘maanbevingen’. Dat bericht het wetenschappelijke vakblad Nature Geoscience.
Vier verschillende seismometers detecteerden 28 ondiepe maanbevingen tijdens de Apollo-missies tussen 1969 en 1977. Deze bevingen hadden een kracht van twee tot vijf op de schaal van Richter. Ongeveer acht van de maanbevingen vonden plaats nabij jonge scheuren of breuklijnen in het maanoppervlak. Ter illustratie: dergelijke scheuren zijn vergelijkbaar met kliffen van enkele meters diepte. Ze ontstaan door een horizontale krimp van de maankorst, omdat de maan nog altijd afkoelt.
NASA heeft met behulp van de Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), die sinds 2009 opnames maakt, 3.500 breuklijnen ontdekt. Wetenschappers onder leiding van Thomas Watters van The Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington bogen zich onlangs opnieuw over die resultaten en onderzochten of er een link is tussen de ondiepe maanbevingen, die plaatsvonden tussen 1969 en 1977, en de meer recente breuklijnen op de maan. Het onderzoeksteam trok op basis van de gegevens een opmerkelijke conclusie: de maan zou, net zoals onze planeet, nog altijd tektonisch actief zijn.
(Lees hieronder verder.)
NASAEen breuklijn gefotografeerd door de Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
Tektonische activiteit
De onderzoekers hebben via een speciaal ontwikkeld algoritme de vastgestelde locaties van de bevingen over een kaart heen gelegd van breuklijnen op de maan. Ze stelden vast dat 8 van de 28 ondiepe bevingen zich afspeelden binnen de 30 kilometer van de breuklijnen.
Hieruit concluderen de wetenschappers dat de bevingen wellicht het gevolg waren van tektonische activiteit. Met andere woorden, het over elkaar heen schuiven van stukken maankorst. De kern van de maan koelt immers nog altijd af, waardoor de oppervlakte krimpt. Dit creëert spanning, wat ertoe leidt dat er ‘rimpels’ ontstaan in de maankorst. Het is als een druif die door de droogte een rozijn wordt.
Recente bevingen
Ook blijkt uit de beelden van de LRO dat aan de voet van sommige rotswanden gekleurd puin lag. Op andere hellingen zijn sporen te zien van rotsblokken die naar beneden rolden. Volgens het onderzoeksteam is dat het bewijs dat er nog niet zo erg lang geleden ‘maanbevingen’ zijn geweest.
Wetenschappers ontdekten dat verschillende bevingen plaatsvonden op het moment dat de maan het verst van onze planeet verwijderd was, ook wel ‘apogeum’ genoemd. Op dat punt is de getijdenwerking het sterkst en vinden verschuivingen langs de breuklijnen het vaakst plaats.
Verder onderzoek
Door beelden van breukhellingen met elkaar te vergelijken kunnen signalen van recente tektonische activiteit verder opgespoord worden. “Het opzetten van een nieuw netwerk van seismometers op het maanoppervlak moet een prioriteit zijn. Zo komen we immers meer te weten over de maan en maanbevingen”, zegt Renee Weber, een onderzoeker van NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center.
Het onderzoeken van seismologische activiteit is belangrijk omdat het ons meer kan vertellen over de evolutie van de maan, onze planeet en getijdenkrachten.
2-3 Billion Years Ago, Star Formation Was Bursting in The Milky Way
The region of the stellar formation Rho Ophiuchi observed by ESA Gaia satellite. The shining dots are stellar clusters with the massive and youngest stars of the region. The dark filaments track the gas and dust distribution, where the new stars are born. This is not a conventional photographic image but the result of the integration of all the received radiation by the satellite during the 22 months of continuous measurements through different filters on the spacecraft.
Credit and Copyright: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
A team led by researchers of the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB, UB-IEEC) and the Besançon Astronomical Observatory have found, analysing data from the Gaia satellite, that a severe star formation burst occurred in the Milky Way about to and three thousand million years ago. In this process, more than 50 % of the stars that created the galactic disc may have been born. There results come from the combination of the distances, colors and magnitude of the stars that were measured by Gaia with models that predict their distribution in our Galaxy. The study has been published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Just like a flame fades when there is no gas in the cylinder, the rhythm of the stellar formation in the Milky Way, fuelled by the gas that was deposited, should decrease slowly and in a continuous way until using up the existing gas. The results of the study show that, although this was the process that took place over the first 4,000 million years of the disc formation, a severe star formation burst, or “stellar baby boom” –as stated in the article published in the Nature Research Highlights-, inverted this trend. The merging with a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, which is rich in gas, could have administrated new fuel and reactivate the process of stellar formation, in a similar way to when a gas cylinder is changed. This mechanism would explain the distribution of distances, ages and masses that are estimated from the data taken from the European Space Agency Gaia satellite.
“The time scale of this star formation burst together with the great amount of stellar mass involved in the process, thousands of millions of solar mass, suggests the disc of our Galaxy did not have a steady and paused evolution, it may have suffered an external perturbation that began about five billion years ago”, said Roger Mor, ICCUB researcher and first signer of the article.
“We have been able to find this out due having –for the first time- precise distances for more than three million stars in the solar environment”, says Roger Mor. “Thanks to these data –he continues- we could discover the mechanisms that controlled the evolution more than 8-10 billion years ago in the disc of our Galaxy, which is not more than the bright band we see in the sky on a dark night and with no light pollution”.
Like in many research fields these days, these findings have been possible thanks to the availability of the combination of a great amount of unprecedented precision data, and the availability of a great amount of hours in computing in the computer facilities funded by the FP7 GENIUS European project (Gaia European Project for Improved data User Services) –in the Center for Scientific and Academic Services of Catalonia (CSUC).
Distribution of 3 million stars used in this stdy to detect the star formation burst from 2-3 billion years ago. Gaia provided the distance for each of these objects on the gallactic disc. Below, a scheme of the spiral arms of the Milky Way.
Credit; University of Barcelona
Cosmologic models predict our galaxy would have been growing due the merging with other galaxies, a fact that has been stated by other studies using Gaia data. One of these merges could be the cause of the severe star formation burst that was detected in this study.
“Actually, the peak of star formation is so clear, unlike what we predicted before having data from Gaia, that we thought necessary to treat its interpretation together with experts on cosmological evolution of external galaxies”, notes Francesca Figuerars, lecturer at the Department of Quantum Physics and Astrophysics of the UB, ICCUB member and signer of the article.
According to the expert on simulations of galaxies similar to the Milky Way, Santi Roca-Fàbrega –from the Complutense University of Mardid and also signer of the article, “the obtained results match with what the current cosmological models predict, and what is more –he continues- our Galaxy seen from Gaia’s eyes is an excellent cosmological laboratory where we can test and confront models at a bigger scale in the universe”.
Gaia mission until 2020
This study has been conducted with the second release of the Gaia mission, which was published a year ago, on April 25, 2018. Xavier Luri, director of ICCUB and also signer of the article states: “The role of scientists and engineers of the UB has been essential so that the scientific community enjoys the excellent quality of data from the Gaia release”.
More than 400 scientists and engineers from around Europe are part of the consortium in charge of preparing and validating these data. “Their collective work brought the international scientific community a release that is making us rethink many of the existent scenarios on the origins and evolution of our galaxy”, notes Luri.
In one year, more than 1,200 peer review articles published in journals show the before and after Gaia in almost all fields of astrophysics, from the recent detection of new stellar clusters, new asteroids, to the affirmation of the star extragalactic origin in our Galaxy, going through the calculus of the Milky Way mass and the findings that show compact stars end up slowly solidified.
“The satellite continues to operate optimally and this July the five nominal years of scientific operation will be completed”, notes Carme Jordi, UB researcher and member of the Gaia Science Team, the scientific advisor body of the European Space Agency (ESA) for this mission. ESA has approved of the extension of the mission until late 2020 –one more year than expected- and engineering teams estimate that there is enough fuel to continue working until 2024. “There is no doubt this mission has passed a technological unprecedented challenge in space missions of all time”, concludes Carme Jordi.
Stanton Friedman has passed away today May 14th 2019. Stanton was some of my first interviews. I spoke to him on the phone privately for a while as well. Good man and Rest in Peace UFO Legend. J.P.
Stanton Terry Friedman is a retired nuclear physicist and professional ufologist who resides in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. He is the original civilian investigator of the Roswell incident. He worked on research and development projects for several large companies.Wikipedia
FREDERICTON — Stanton T. Friedman, nuclear physicist, lecturer and world-renowned devotee of extraterrestrial existence, has died at the age of 84.
The famed UFO researcher died Monday at Toronto’s Pearson International Airport, his daughter Melissa Friedman confirmed Tuesday. She said he was on his way home to Fredericton from a speaking engagement in Ohio. TimesColonist
Many reported UFO sightings actually end up being something as simple as a balloon. UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object and they’ve been seen since the start of recorded history. Throughout that period of time, there were two triangle UFOs sighted in the same place. Ghosts and orbs are believed to be connected in some fashion. If it regards a haunting of any kind, precautions have to go taken. You just need to listen to her songs to be convinced. There’s a whole lot more shit coming.
The New Fuss About UFO Videos from 2019
Normally women enjoy each others company in the place where they receive a great deal of emotional support. There existed a general division of labor, particularly in hunting communities, where they did the bulk of the work. This afternoon, at the exact same time and place, the exact same woman witnessed a similar light show.
There are a lot of theories regarding what the main reason for the noise might be. Something that science alone can’t solve. Although researchers have made attempts to discover what and why the suspension took place, the base won’t comment further on the issue. Many UFO scientists have examined the multiple parts of video footage and photographs.
The 30-Second Trick for UFO Videos from 2019
Data analysis assists in understanding the demographics of the customer and to create services and products in a means to satisfy their demand. Some reports state it’s a ping, but others claim it’s a beep. They state it’s a ping, but others claim it’s a beep. There weren’t any reports of any crashes in the area. It’s so incredible fantastic that it can’t be adequately explained or investigated in just 1 hub article.
The picture managed to create a small wave of publicity for the region. You may see the video below. The quick video below, for instance, is merely one of several contemporary sightings. It, for instance, is only one of several contemporary sightings. Hypnosis video is just one of the most effective tactics to do hypnosis without the usage of a real hypnotist. You may see the footage below.
You might take a look at the video below. You look at the video below. You might look at the video below.
There are lots of finds of strange and bizarre objects made all over Earth. To have the ability to get the utmost benefit for an intensive cardio workout with only a little proportion of the physical output is well worth trying. You won’t have to be concerned anymore. Something needs to be going on here. There’s no doubt you NEED to earn marketing videos in the event that you want to do things the easy way online nowadays. There is really a chance that the sighting over O’Hare might not have made it in the public arena.
Some dismiss the claims as an effort to profit on the rapidly increasing quantity of UFO encounters. Many, by way of example, can have exposure to sun all day, every single day, for long stretches of time. Then, the two of the objects disappeared. The strange object began to approach again.
Astronomically speaking, it’s tough to beat the discovery of a comet or asteroid from another solar system, as all of the hubbub over ‘Oumuamuahas proven. However, this just might do it. Astronomers studying the chemical compositions of stars in our Milky Way Galaxy have discovered a star in the Big Dipper with a combination of elements that exists nowhere else in the galaxy. An invader? Interloper? Can we charge it rent?
“Here we report on the discovery of a metal-poor star with an extreme r-process enhancement and α-element deficiency. In this star, the abundance ratio of the r-process element Eu with respect to Fe is more than one order of magnitude larger than the Sun and the metallicity is 1/20 of solar metallicity.”
That’s astronomer-speak for “Hey! Put down your beer and come look at this!” According to the press release for a new study published in the journal Nature Astronomy, a group of astronomers from China and Japan using the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) in Xinglong Station, Hebei Province, China, discovered a star, now named J1124+4535, just below the bowl of the Big Dipper, also known as the Ursa Major constellation, with an unusual chemical signature. Specifically, it has a very low level of elements such as magnesium compared with an excessively high level of Europium, a soft metal similar to lead. That high-low ratio is not found in the Milky Way but matched the chemical composition of stars in dwarf galaxies orbiting our own.
So, how did J1124+4535 end up in the Big Dipper? It’s believed that there were once many more dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way, but our greedy galaxy likes to gorge on them and absorbed them completely – destroying their identities and assimilating them into its own. Somehow, J1124+4535 managed to survive. As we found with interstellar asteroids, if there’s one, there’s probably more, and that’s already the case with this prisoner from another galaxy. Astronomers have discovered non-Milky Way hypervelocity stars speeding through after being spun off by those orbiting dwarf galaxies, particularly the Large Magellanic Cloud. However, J1124+4535 seems to be the only one so far to arrive via complete absorption.
Alaska flag
Speaking of the Large Magellanic Cloud, it’s scheduled to be absorbed via collision in about 2 billion years, followed by the Andromeda Galaxy in another 2 to 3 billion years.
In space, no one can hear you scream, but someone in the future may hear the Milky Way chew, swallow and belch.
The moon doesn’t do that that much. Sure, it’s responsible for the tides and all, but that’s really a function of gravity and the messy ball of duct tape and chicken wire we call “the laws of physics.” As a celestial body, the moon just kind of hangs around. It does do some cool stuff, though. For one, it’s the perfect size to let us earthlings view total solar eclipses, which is a pretty spectacular luxury we have. Some have suggested that the perfect size of the moon in relation to the sun and Earth is a bittoo much of a coincidence, and thus evidence that the moon is fake. Unfortunately, the moon is real, and just like every other real thing in this universe it’s growing up to be a disappointment. You see, it turns out the moon is shrinking.
Tectonic activity—the push and pull of tectonic plates in a planet’s mantle—in our solar system has, for a long time, seemed to be mostly confined to the Earth. We feel the results of this tectonic activity as earthquakes. We know that the moon used to have tectonic activity, but it was though to have stopped millions of years ago. According to a study published this week, the moon may still be tectonically active, and so-called “moonquakes” are shrinking Earth’s satellite like a raisin.
What if you landed on the moon, stepped out, and were just utterly disappointed? That would be awful.
These moonquakes were first recorded by the Apollo missions between 1969 and 1977. Until now, they’ve been unexplained. A study published in Nature Geoscience found that the epicenters of the mysterious moonquakes seem centered around jagged lines of cliffs called scarps. These scarps were first discovered in 2010, and while researchers suggested that they were the result of tectonic activity, they believed that it had died down around 50 million years ago. Based of the apparent connection between these scarps and modern recorded moonquakes, the new study concludes that the moon is probably still tectonically active, which came as a shock to researchers. Co-author of the study Thomas Watters says:
“The whole idea that a 4.6-billion-year-old rocky body like the moon has managed to stay hot enough in the interior and produce this network of faults just flies in the face of conventional wisdom.”
As its interior cools with age, the moon shrinks like a raisin. Its brittle crust compresses and breaks forming the scarps we can see running along the surface. Previously we had thought that this cooling and shrinking process had completed a very long time ago, but the links between the scarps and moonquakes suggest that this shrinking process is still ongoing today. Watters says:
“The connection between the location and timing of shallow moonquakes and known young faults is further evidence that our moon is a dynamic world.”
It’s not going to shrink out of existence any time soon, of course. Rocks don’t feel time the same way we do. But it’s good to know that the moon is still doing something. It’s also good to know we won’t run out of the always entertaining fake-moon arguments any time soon either, because you can bet dollars to donuts that the moon being tectonically active 50 million years after it should be is going to be seen as proof-positive that it’s not as old as they want you to think it is.
Stanton Friedman, a nuclear physicist devoted to uncovering what he could about alien life, has died. He was 84. (Submitted/Melissa Friedman)
Stanton Friedman, the famed UFO researcher based in Fredericton, has died.
Friedman was returning from a speaking engagement in Columbus, Ohio, when he died suddenly at the Toronto Pearson Airport on Monday night, according to his family.
He was 84.
A nuclear physicist by training, Friedman had devoted his life to researching and investigating UFOs since the late 1960s.
He was credited with bringing the 1947 Roswell Incident — the famous incident that gave rise to theories about UFOs and a U.S. military coverup — back into the mainstream conversation.
Friedman "officially" retired last year but still booked speaking engagements "because he loved talking about UFOs," said his daughter, Melissa Friedman, who works for CBC News.
"Dad was curious about anything he didn't know about. He was always asking questions about how things worked.
Stanton Friedman, second from right, posing for a photo with his wife Marilyn, far right, his daughter Melissa Friedman and her husband David Parsons.
(Submitted/Melissa Friedman)
"I think it's rare for someone to stay so engaged and curious and open-minded for a life that's that long."
She remembered her father as encouraging, proud and caring and said she was fortunate to have one last visit a week ago in Nova Scotia.
'He did his homework'
Friedman was an accomplished writer, publishing dozens of papers about UFOs and writing or co-writing several books. Three of those books were written in tandem with Kathleen Marden.
"He will be greatly missed," Marden, a UFO researcher, said in an interview from Florida.
Stanton Friedman, a leading authority on UFOs, is pictured taking part in a parade in McMinnville, Ore., in 2013.
(CBC)
His qualifications, intelligence and diligence made him irreplaceable in the research field, she said.
"He did his homework," Marden said.
"He went further than most researchers in that he did on-site investigations. He went to actual physical archives to do his research. He was an outstanding researcher, highly intelligent and had a great sense of humour."
He was also a familiar face in documentaries, radio and television, including multiple appearances on Larry King Live, and lectured about UFOs for hundreds of colleges and professional groups across the United States, Canada and many other countries.
Friedman was also inducted into the UFO Hall of Fame in Roswell, N.M.
Stanton Friedman is survived by his wife of 44 years, Marilyn.
(Submitted/Melissa Friedman)
Marden said he remained firm in his conviction that aliens exist and have visited our planet because he had "more than ample evidence."
"He doubted everything until he had the evidence," she said. "He was skeptical himself.
"Once he had the evidence and it was not just speculation — it was confirmatory evidence — he went with it."
'Trying to lift the laughter curtain'
In a 2011 interview with CBC News, Friedman said most people agree with him once they hear the evidence.
"Despite the false claims of a small group of nasty, noisy negativists, most people accept ET reality even though they think most others don't," he said.
"I check my audiences and find at the end of my lecture that about 10 per cent of the attendees have had a sighting. But 90 per cent didn't report it because of a fear of ridicule.
His work was celebrated in New Brunswick, and the City of Fredericton declared Aug. 27, 2007, Stanton Friedman Day.
Friedman, who was born in New Jersey and had dual citizenship, lived in Fredericton with his wife of 44 years, Marilyn, mother to Melissa Friedman. He also had three children from a previous marriage.
Beroemde UFO-onderzoeker Stanton Friedman overleden. Dit waren zijn meest opmerkelijke uitspraken
Kerngeleerde Stanton Friedman deed ruim 50 jaar onderzoek naar het UFO-fenomeen. Dankzij hem kwam er veel aandacht voor het Roswellincident in 1947. Friedman overleed maandagavond op 84-jarige leeftijd.
In 1978 had hij een ontmoeting met majoor Jesse Marcel, die in 1947 betrokken was bij de berging van de resten van wat de luchtmacht een weerballon noemde.
Marcel verklaarde tegenover Friedman dat het geen weerballon geweest was, maar een buitenaards ruimtevaartuig.
Doofpot
Hij trof in Roswell nog tientallen andere getuigen, onder wie een generaal, die soortgelijke uitspraken deden.
Friedman schreef er een boek over, ‘The Roswell Incident’, waarna zich nog veel meer getuigen meldden.
De wetenschapper kwam tot de conclusie dat de overheid de crash van het ruimteschip in de doofpot had gestopt.
Hij zei dat de Amerikaanse autoriteiten het hele voorval onder het tapijt hebben geveegd om onrust onder de bevolking te voorkomen.
Meerdere keren
In een ander boek, getiteld ‘Flying Saucers and Science: A Scientist Investigates the Mysteries of UFOs’, stelt hij dat UFO’s uit relatief nabijgelegen zonnestelsels afkomstig zijn.
Friedman heeft verder gezegd dat aliens onze planeet meerdere keren hebben bezocht, maar nog niet van plan zijn zich bekend te maken.
Volgens hem is er geen twijfel over mogelijk dat aliens de aarde hebben bezocht, maar wordt dit onder de pet gehouden door overheden en veiligheidsdiensten.
Schat aan bewijs
“We hebben genoeg om te bewijzen dat planeet aarde wordt bezocht door buitenaardsen,” zei hij.
“Als ze zich bekend willen maken, zullen ze dat ook zeker doen,” vervolgde hij.
Hij stelde dat er een schat aan bewijs is waaruit blijkt dat aliens bestaan en citeerde documenten die door de CIA zijn vrijgegeven.
Quarantaine
Friedman vermoedde dat ze hier zijn om de mensheid onder quarantaine te plaatsen zodat ze de ruimte niet kunnen koloniseren.
Hij stelde dat gecrashte ruimteschepen en UFO-waarnemingen ook worden stilgehouden om politieke redenen.
“Het eerste land dat buitenaardse technologie weet te kopiëren, zal de baas zijn,” zei hij.
Classic Disk Caught Over Argentina On May 13, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: May13, 2019 Location of sighting: Argentina
This UFO was photographed in Argentina this week. There are two photos of the UFO and it is a perfect classic disk. Watch the video to learn more. Scott C.Waring
Jesus Appears In The Sky Over Argentina, A Sign? May 14, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Location of sighting: Argentina Date of sighting: May 14, 2019
Hey guys, this is a strange one. This is a photo someone took in the sky over Argentina this week and it seems to show Jesus in a rob with a crown of thorns. I do believe in signs and believe this has some real purpose for being there. Have a look at the video below.
Questioning the existence of aliensis something that scientists and average Joes alike have done for decades. Everything from Spielberg’s E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to NASA’s latest press releases shows just how large the discussion is and always has been. In fact, most people do believe that aliens exist in some fashion.
The main necessities for life are water and some form of energy source. Not surprisingly, there are some planets, exoplanets, and moons that fit the bill. Although we probably won’t find little green men with bug eyes, that doesn’t make the prospect any less exciting. Here are our 10 best chances at finding life in the universe.
TRAPPIST-1 is a planetary system a few dozen light-years away whose discovery was announced in early 2017. This system consists of seven Earthlike exoplanets orbiting an “ultra-cool” star, and it is one of our best shots at finding life beyond our own solar system.
For one thing, studying these exoplanets will be relatively easy because of how they rotate around their star. We can use a telescope to observe their transits, which is when they eclipse their star by passing directly in front of it from our perspective. We see the temporary dimming of the star’s light as an exoplanet passes between the star and Earth.[1]
These exoplanets also have reasonable temperatures due to the nature of their star. So they are cool enough for liquid water to have a chance to form.
Although all the exoplanets in this system are legitimate candidates to host alien life, three in particular are soundly in what is called the habitable zone. This is the area around a host star where an Earthlike exoplanet is capable of forming liquid water, assuming that all life-forms, like those on Earth, do in fact need water to survive.
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn, the sixth planet from our Sun. This moon could potentially harbor life but possibly not in the sense that we think. Titan does not exactly fit the description of being in a typical habitable zone.
Titan has water, and it has liquid. It just doesn’t have liquid water.[2] The water on this moon is completely solid because of the extremely cold temperature.
However, the liquid that fills the lakes and streams is not water but rather hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon is a chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in varying proportions. On Earth, we often think of these as gases like methane or propane.
This is the key factor that would make potential life on Titan so different. Essentially, these life-forms would not survive on liquid water like we do but rather on these liquid hydrocarbons.
Although there are still some technicalities and unanswered questions about science (like if life can live off something other than water), the possibility that Titan has alien life is certainly there.
Europa is one of Jupiter’s moons here in our own solar system. It is another candidate due to its potential to hold liquid water. Europa is thought to have all the necessities for life including water, energy sources, and the right chemical buildup. The water is thought to be stored in oceans underneath Europa’s surface.
It wasn’t until recently that scientists made it possible to begin the exploration for life on this moon. It was announced in early 2017 that a mission called Europa Clipper would take place over the next several years. This mission is sending a spacecraft to Jupiter’s moon to take pictures of the surface. This flyby would happen repeatedly, offering multiple opportunities to analyze the moon and search for life.[3]
7.Mars
The Red Planet, the fourth from the Sun, is probably one of the most talked-about potential candidates for extraterrestrial life and even for human colonization. Despite the naysayers, finding extraterrestrial life on Marsreally is a serious possibility.
We know by now that we won’t find little green men or any intelligent form of life that we understand. However, there is evidence that there was and may still be microscopic life on the small red planet.[4]
NASA’s data suggests a past presence of floods and streams throughout the dry surface. So there is a chance that liquid water was once on the surface and life could have survived. With further exploration, scientists might find liquid water on Mars presently, instead of just the ice caps that they see today.
Enceladus, another of Saturn’s many moons, has the astronomy world abuzz with its potential to hold water, unlike its hydrocarbon-rich sister. The water is supposedly underneath the crust of the moon, similar to Europa.
Once again, this would mean that microbes of some kind live there. At first, the presence of water was simply a hypothesis after some evidence found in 2015 gave scientists hope.[5]
But in early 2017, a mission involving the Cassini spacecraft detected hydrogen molecules that point to a chemical reaction occurring under the surface. This chemical reaction, in which the ocean water reacts with surrounding rock to produce energy, could be useful to life-forms because an energy source is crucial to life as we know it.
Kepler-186f is an exoplanet orbiting the star Kepler-186 about 500 light-years from Earth. Discovered in 2014, it is the first Earth-size exoplanet found to be orbiting in its star’s habitable zone.
Less than 10 percent greater than Earth’s size, it is the closest “match” to our home planet. Any other similarities, like density, are unknown. But the presumably rocky composition can be hypothesized simply based on the exoplanet’s size.
Both its Earthlike size and its location in the habitable zone are what make Kepler-186f a more likely candidate to accommodate life. However, the presence of water has not been confirmed because of a lack of proper information, such as temperature.[6]
As Earth is our only known host of life, the theory is that a place like Earth in other ways might also be home to some form of life as we know it.
According to NASA, Kepler-452b could be “one of the best [places] to find extraterrestrial life.” This exoplanet, however, may prove to be difficult to explore. It’s over 1,000 light-years away. Even so, scientists have confirmed that Kepler-452b is located in its star’s habitable zone, along with several companion exoplanets.[7]
For a while, Kepler-452b was known for being the closest to Earth’s size. That honor now goes to Kepler-186f. Still, Kepler-452b’s star is much more Sunlike, which is certainly interesting. Furthermore, this exoplanet is one of science’s most notable subjects, particularly in the eyes of the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, a leader in the exploration for extraterrestrial life.
This “super-Earth” is a recently discovered exoplanet that is in its star’s habitable zone. LHS 1140b is considered by some scientists to be one of our best opportunities to find other life-forms.
A super-Earth is an exoplanet that is up to 10 times more massive than our Earth. It is often presumed that a super-Earth is rocky, although we can’t be sure without other observations. LHS 1140b, the mother of all super-Earths, is also believed to be rocky with an iron core . . . and to possibly have aliens.[8]
At only 40 light-years away, this exoplanet is in a good position for us to send a signal to intelligent life there, should it exist. In addition to LHS 1140b’s proximity to Earth, the exoplanet’s slower rotation speed makes LHS 1140b easier to observe.
Tabby’s Star, or KIC 8462852, has received a lot of buzz for being the host of an “alien megastructure.” Well, maybe.
At 1,500 light-years away from Earth, this star was discovered by Yale astronomer Tabetha Boyajian and noted for its peculiar behavior. Tabby’s Star dims at such extreme rates over time that the dimming cannot be attributed to an eclipsing planet. Other explanations include an unidentified space object or the more fun explanation, aliens.
An alien megastructure is basically a giant device that captures energy from a star and converts it into something more useful. When a star loses energy, it dims. So the idea of an alien megastructure makes sense, at least a little bit.
However, the most recent and most likely theory about Tabby’s Star is that it ate its own planet, which is certainly fascinating in its own right. Still, aliens have not been completely ruled out.[9]
Another one of Jupiter’s moons might contain life. Like the other moons, Ganymede is thought to have an ocean beneath its crust. Surprisingly, this ocean could contain more water than Earth itself. In fact, investigation into Ganymede’s surface shows that there may have been a flood once when liquid water escaped from beneath the surface through cracks or other openings.
The exploration of this moon even brought about new research methods. For example, by analyzing magnetic fields, scientists found that they can possibly deduce information about the interior of the object, including whether liquid water is present.
As of early 2017, there is no mission exploring Ganymede. But a probe called JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) is set to explore Jupiter’s moons further in the next several years.[10]
Hirondellea gigas (left) is a type of amphipod that lives in the Mariana Trench. It is just one of the deep-sea crustacean species affected by nuclear weapons that were tested decades ago.
Credit: Daiju Azuma, CC BY 2.5/U.S. Department of Energy
Crustaceans that live in the deepest part of the ocean carry radioactive carbon in their bodies, a legacy of nuclear tests performed during the Cold War.
Researchers recently found elevated levels of radiocarbon in amphipods — shell-less, shrimp-like creatures — from deep trenches in the western Pacific Ocean, up to 7 miles (11 kilometers) below the surface.
In those dark and high-pressure depths, deep-sea amphipods scavenge decaying organic matter that drifts down from above. By eating the remains of animals that were exposed to radioactive fallout from Cold War nuclear tests, the amphipods' bodies have also become infused with radiocarbon — the isotope carbon-14, or "bomb carbon" — the first evidence of elevated radiocarbon at the sea bottom, scientists wrote in a new study. [In Photos: The Wonders of the Deep Sea]
When global superpowers detonated nuclear bombs in the 1950s and 1960s, the explosions spewed neutrons into the atmosphere. There, the neutral particles reacted with nitrogen and carbon to form carbon-14, which re-entered the ocean to be absorbed by marine life, according to the study.
Some carbon-14 occurs naturally in the atmosphere and in living organisms. But by the mid-1960s, atmospheric radiocarbon levels were roughly twice what they were before nuclear testing began, and those levels didn't start to drop until testing ceased, the researchers reported.
Soon after the first nuclear explosions, elevated quantities of carbon-14 were already appearing in ocean animals near the sea surface. For the new study, researchers went deeper, examining amphipods collected from three locations on the sea bottom in the tropical western Pacific: the Mariana, Mussau and New Britain Trenches.
Bottom feeders
Organic matter in the amphipods' guts held carbon-14, but the carbon-14 levels in the amphipods' bodies were much higher. Over time, a diet rich in carbon-14 likely flooded the amphipods' tissues with bomb carbon, the scientists concluded.
They also found that deep-sea amphipods were bigger and longer-lived than their cousins closer to the surface. Amphipods in the ocean trenches lived to be more than 10 years old, and measured nearly 4 inches (10 centimeters) long. By comparison, surface amphipods live to be less than 2 years old and grow to be only 0.8 inches (2 cm) in length.
The deep-sea amphipods' low metabolic rate and longevity provide fertile ground for carbon-14 to accumulate in their bodies over time, according to the study.
Ocean circulation alone would take centuries to carry bomb carbon to the deep sea. But thanks to the ocean food chain, bomb carbon arrived at the seafloor far sooner than expected, lead study author Ning Wang, a geochemist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Guangzhou, said in a statement.
The study underscores how humans' impact on ocean ecosystems near the surface can circulate through miles of water, affecting creatures in its deepest depths.
"There's a very strong interaction between the surface and the bottom, in terms of biologic systems," study co-author Weidong Sun, a geochemist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Qingdao, said in the statement.
"Human activities can affect the biosystems even down to 11,000 meters [36,000 feet], so we need to be careful about our future behaviors," Sun said.
Indeed, recent studies have also shown evidence of plastic in the guts of marine animals inhabiting deep-sea trenches.
Meer van UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
The 1952 UFO Incident Over Washington: What Really Happened?
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