Genetics research has transformed our understanding of human history, particularly in the Americas. The focus of the majority of high profile ancient DNA papers in recent years has been on addressing early events in the initial peopling of the Americas. This research has provided details of this early history that we couldn’t access though the archeological record.

Collectively, genetics studies have shown us that the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas are descended from a group that diverged from its Siberian ancestors beginning sometime around 23,000 years before present and remained isolated in Beringia (the region of land that once connected Siberia and North America) for an extended period of time. When the glaciers covering North America melted enough to make the Pacific coast navigable, southward travel became possible, and patterned genetic diversity across North and South America reflects these early movements.

If Mary Beard is right, what's happened to the DNA of Africans from Roman Britain?

 Read more

Recent ancient DNA studies indicate that approximately 13,000 years ago, two clades (genetic groups) of peoples emerged; one exclusively consisting of northern Native Americans, and one consisting of peoples from North, Central, and South America, including the 12,800 year old Anzick child from a Clovis burial site in Montana. All genetics research to date has affirmed the shared ancestry of all ancient and contemporary indigenous peoples of the Americas, and refuted stories about the presence of “lost tribes”, ancient Europeans, and (I can’t believe that I actually have to say this) ancient aliens. 

Events that occurred after people first entered the Americas – how they settled in different parts of the continents, adapted to local environments, interacted with each other, and were affected by European colonialism – have received somewhat less attention in the press, but as can be seen in the links above, there have been some very significant research papers published on these topics. One such paper that I’ve recently found very interesting (in fact, I wrote up a short article for Current Biology that discusses its significance), Genetic Discontinuity between the Maritime Archaic and Beothuk Populations in Newfoundland, Canada by Duggen et al. (2017), explores the genetic diversity within three different ancient groups who lived in Newfoundland and Labrador.

One reason this region is of particular interest is that it’s on the furthest northeastern margin of North America and so was one of the last areas in the Americas to be peopled. It appears to have been occupied successively by three culturally distinct groups beginning about 10,000 years before present (YBP) in Labrador and 6,000 YBP in Newfoundland: the Maritime Archaic, the Paleo-Inuit (also referred to as the Paleo-Eskimo), and the indigenous peoples that Europeans called the Beothuk. Today the region is home to several indigenous groups, including the Inuit, the Innu, the Mi’kmaq and the Southern Inuit of NunatuKavut.

 Iceberg Alley, Newfoundland, Canada Photograph: Grant Faint/Getty Images

The members of the Maritime Archaic tradition created the oldest known burial mounds in North America (dating to 7,714 YBP) and subsisted upon coastal marine resources. Approximately 3,400 YBP they seem to have abandoned Newfoundland, either in response to the appearance of Paleo-Inuit in the region or because of climate changes. The Paleo-Inuit’s presence on the island overlapped with the peoples referred to as the Beothuk beginning around 2000 YBP. The Beothuk encountered European settlers in 1500 AD, and in response to their presence gradually moved to the interior of the island, where their populations declined. 

According to Duggen et al:

The last known Beothuk, Shanawdithit, died of tuberculosis in captivity in 1829. Although it remains possible that Beothuk traces of ancestry persist in contemporary residents of NL, including members of the Innu, Mi’kmaq, and European communities, it is generally accepted that the Beothuk became culturally extinct with the death of Shanawdithit.

 Portrait of Demasduit, the aunt of Shanawdithit, by Lady Henrietta Hamilton, 1819 Illustration: Hamilton , Lady Henrietta Martha (ca. 1780 -1857 ) (Artist)/Library and Archives Canada

By analyzing mitochondrial haplogroups (groups of closely related maternal lineages) present within individuals from all three populations, Dugan et al. addressed the question of whether they were genetically similar or whether all three groups were biologically as well as culturally distinct from each other. This happens to be one of the most fundamental questions that arises when studying the past: do cultural changes in the archaeological record of a region represent the arrival of new groups, or did one group of people living in the same region over time adopt new cultural practices and technologies from others?

In the case of Newfoundland, the three groups were genetically distinct; they do not share any maternal haplogroups except for haplogroup X2a, lineages of which were found in both the Maritime Archaic and Beothuk. (The presence of haplogroup X2a in North American populations has sometimes been cited as evidence for European ancestry in ancient Americans. If you’re interested in why I and most other geneticists specializing in Native American populations disagree with that, you can read about it here).

Apart from that single exception, the Maritime Archaic, Paleo-Inuit, and Beothuk are clearly genetically distinctive from one another. However, it’s important to note that this study was done on mitochondrial DNA, which is exclusively matrilineally inherited, and so we can only say that the three groups were not maternally related. While they indicate that the groups are genetically different from each other, does that mean that there was no shared ancestry between them at all? It’s unclear without looking at the rest of the genome whether, for example, there might have been any paternal lineages shared between the populations. I hope that the authors of this study will follow up with analyses of complete genomes from these ancient individuals, as there is a great deal more to be learned by looking more deeply at their ancestry.

The secret about human evolution found in spit

Read more

As this study shows, we can learn a lot about the past by characterizing the genomes of ancient and contemporary peoples. This paper by Duggen et al. adds to decades of study of the genomes from ancient and contemporary peoples of the Americas, which reveals a nuanced picture of their complex and remarkable history of evolution, interaction, and resilience in the face of unbelievable oppression.

But it’s also important to understand what genetics can’t tell us. While writing up this article, I was appalled (although not surprised) that there is at least one personal ancestry testing company that has made the claim that they can help you determine whether or not you are Beothuk based on your DNA.

Let’s be clear: all claims that a person’s tribe or indigenous nationality can be determined from their genomes are scientifically inaccurate. First, this is because there simply are no currently known genetic markers that allow us to identify individual tribes or nations; although we see geographically patterned genetic variation throughout the Americas in ancient and contemporary populations which allows us to differentiate them (as done in this study), genetic lineages are not tribal or nation-specific.

More importantly, who is or is not a member of a particular community is determined by indigenous groups’ own standards of belonging, which are often just as much about relations and community ties as they are about biological descent. Geneticists can’t determine who is or is not authentically Beothuk, Cherokee, or anything else based on the percentage of “Native American DNA” they might have. (For more in-depth discussions of the issues regarding genetics and Native American identity, see here and hereand the reading below).

Further reading:

• Duggan AT et al. 2017. Genetic discontinuity between the Maritime Archaic and Beothuk populations in Newfoundland, Canada. Current Biology 27(20): 3149-3156.e11. 
• Rutherford A. 2017. A new history of the first peoples in the Americas. 
• Tallbear K. 2013 Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science. 

{ https://www.theguardian.com/international }

We might never see aliens ‘because we’ll accidentally destroy them’, expert warns

The Sun

Humans may never discover evidence of alien life because we'll accidentally destroy it.

That's the bold theory from a top physicist who believes we could wipe out aliens without even realizing it.

 

Scientists think it's likely alien life exists, but we've never seen any proof – a puzzle known as the Fermi Paradox.

And the answer may be that humans will (and may have already) destroyed evidence of alien life.

That's according to theoretical physicist Alexander Berezin, of Russia's MIET, who details a new theory in a paper published on Arxiv.

He believes that when it comes to traveling between stars, we're in a "first in, last out" situation.

Berezin thinks that many types of "life" could gain access to high-speed space travel.

However, he argues that the type of civilization doesn't matter – only the level of technology they reach.

"The specific nature of civilizations arising to interstellar level should not matter," he writes.

"They might [be] biological organisms like ourselves, rogue AIs that rebelled against their creators, or distributed planet-scale minds like those described by Stanislaw Lem in Solaris."

According to Berezin, the first life that reaches interstellar travel capability may "necessarily eradicate all competition, to fuel its own expansion".

The Fermi Paradox questions why we haven't seen aliens yet, despite alien life being so likely to exist

Credit: Alamy

He says this doesn't mean an alien race would intentionally destroy other forms of life.

Instead, it could happen by accident.

"They simply won't notice, the same way a construction crew demolishes an anthill to build real estate because they lack incentive to protect it," he wrote.

If you're panicking about being squashed like an ant by an unimaginably powerful alien race, don't.

Berezin believes that we're the construction crew (not the ant) in this scenario.

The physicist argues that this annihilation of alien life could happen simply because humans – and our technologies – become too powerful.

"One rogue AI can potentially populate the entire supercluster with copies of itself, turning every solar system into a supercomputer," he wrote.

"And there is no use asking why it would do that. All that matters is that it can."

He said this terrifying future means that because we're the first to arrive at interstellar travel, we "most likely will be the last to leave."

This story originally appeared in The Sun.

{ https://www.foxnews.com/ }

Astronomers catch distant star producing massive flare and plasma blob

By Charles Q. Choi | Space.com

An artist's depiction of a stellar flare in a distant star system.

Astronomers may have spotted a distant star spitting out a giant flare that packed 100,000 times more energy than any seen from Earth's sun, a new study finds.

The researchers also said they've made the first clear detection of a remote star emitting a kind of eruption known as a coronal mass ejection that were until now only seen from our sun. Such explosions may wreak havoc on any surrounding worlds, lead author Costanza Argiroffi, an astrophysicist at the University of Palermo in Italy, told Space.com.

Scientists are most familiar with the dynamics of our own sun. Solar flares are the largest explosions in Earth's solar system. Our star unleashes these intense bursts of radiation when magnetic energy that builds up in the sun gets suddenly released. The blasts can endanger satellites or astronauts in orbit.

• Related: Monster Solar Flare Marks 7th Powerful Sun Storm in 7 Days 

Often, solar flares are accompanied by the release of giant bubbles of stellar material, and these are the coronal mass ejections. These eruptions are the most powerful magnetic events on Earth's sun, blasting out up to 44 billion tons (40 billion metric tons) of superheated plasma, or clouds of electrically charged particles. One of the fastest recorded coronal mass ejections, detected in 2012, raced across space at up to 7.92 million mph (12.75 million km/h).

Scientists have suspected that both of these phenomena occur on other stars as well. Astronomers have spotted brief spikes in average stellar brightness that they believe represent flares. Researchers have also found that other stars could prove up to 10,000 times more magnetically active than the sun, suggesting that they could burst with coronal mass ejections many times stronger than ones seen from the sun.

"Stellar coronal mass ejections are thought to be important for stellar physics," lead author Costanza Argiroffi, an astrophysicist at the University of Palermo in Italy, told Space.com. "Stellar coronal mass ejections could cause large amounts of mass and kinetic-energy loss during stellar life. In addition, stellar coronal mass ejections could also affect exoplanetary systems."

However, until now, astronomers had not detected any coronal mass ejections from another star, because researchers could not resolve any details on the surfaces of stars.

"Stellar coronal mass ejections have been very elusive," Argiroffi said. "In the last few decades, there were a few claims of stellar coronal mass ejection detection, but all were rather uncertain." Now Argiroffi and his colleagues have said they have stronger evidence for such a detection.

The researchers focused on HR 9024, a yellow giant star nearly three times the mass of Earth's sun located about 455 light-years from our planet. Using NASA's Chandra space observatory, they analyzed X-rays from the star's plasma, which was a searing hot 7.2 million degrees Fahrenheit (4 million degrees Celsius).

The scientists found that light from HR 9024 shifted in frequency in a manner that suggested hot plasma was moving up from and down toward the star's surface. (That change would register in the X-ray data in a phenomenon similar to the Doppler effect, which causes an ambulance siren to sound higher-pitched as the vehicle drives toward you and lower-pitched as it moves away.) The researchers suggested that this was evidence of a coronal mass ejection from the star.

The researchers estimated that the coronal mass ejection blasted out about 1.3 million billion tons (1.2 million billion metric tons) of material, a little less than one-quarter the average mass of Earth's atmosphere. The team suggested that the ejection released about 5.2 trillion quadrillion joules of kinetic energy, or about 80 trillion times the amount of energy released from the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima and about 100,000 times more energy than seen from the strongest known flares from our sun.

"The detected coronal mass ejection is 10,000 times more massive than the most extreme solar coronal mass ejections, but not as fast as expected," Argiroffi said. " Solar coronal mass ejections can be ejected at velocities up to a thousand kilometers per second [2.2 million mph], while the detected coronal mass ejection has a velocity of 90 kilometers per second [200,000 mph]." That relatively slow speed suggests that the strong magnetic fields of young, active stars such as HR 9024 are not as effective as the sun's at accelerating coronal mass ejections, Argiroffi said.

But in general, all these detected qualities "neatly agree with predictions based on flare modeling, proving that our understanding of stellar flares is really robust," Argiroffi said. That said, future research could uncover more stellar coronal mass ejections, allowing scientists to see how else these might differ from the ones produced by the sun, he noted.

The scientists detailed their findings online May 27 in the journal Nature Astronomy.

•   Achoo! Solar Sneeze Could Light Up Earth's Atmosphere (Video)  
•   Stunning Animation of a Solar Flare Captures Its Life from Birth to Death  
•   Solar Blast! Sun Surprises with 3 Powerful Flares (Video)  

Original article on Space.com.

{ https://www.foxnews.com/ }

Researchers spot the first coronal mass ejection outside our solar system — it was massive

BY ALEXANDRU MICU 

An international team of researchers has managed to identify the first coronal mass ejection, or CME, in a star other than our Sun.

Image credits NASA / GSFC.

An intense flash of X-rays, followed by the bursting on an immense bubble of plasma — that’s what researchers led by Costanza Argiroffi, a researcher at the University of Palermo and associate researcher at the National Institute for Astrophysics in Italy, have seen in the corona of HR 9024, an active star about 450 light-years away from us. This is the first CME ever spotted in a star outside our solar system.

The findings help us better understand how CME fits into the lives of active stars across the Universe and will help us systematically study such dramatic events in the future.

Starburst

“The technique we used is based on monitoring the velocity of plasmas during a stellar flare,” said Costanza Argiroffi. “This is because, in analogy with the solar environment, it is expected that, during a flare, the plasma confined in the coronal loop where the flare takes place moves first upward, and then downwards reaching the lower layers of the stellar atmosphere.”

“Moreover, there is also expected to be an additional motion, always directed upwards, due to the CME associated with the flare.”

The team used data collected by NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory to analyze a “particularly-favorable” flare, according to a Chandra Observatory press release. Solar flares are sudden, quite violent events, during which a star’s brightness increases substantially. Flares are sometimes, but not always, associated with CMEs.

The High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) device aboard Chandra is the only instrument we have at our disposal so far that can be used to measure the movement of matter involved in CMEs. CMEs involve the expulsion of plasma — very hot, electrically-charged gas — in a star’s corona (atmosphere), at speeds of up to tens of thousands of miles per hour.

CMEs are only produced in magnetically-active stars, the results confirm. The findings also support the validity of what we know about CMEs so far, for example, that material involved in a flare is very, very hot (from 18 to 45 million degrees Fahrenheit), and that it first rises and then drops with speeds between 225,000 to 900,000 miles per hour.

“This result, never achieved before, confirms that our understanding of the main phenomena that occur in flares is solid,” said Argiroffi. “We were not so confident that our predictions could match in such a way with observations, because our understanding of flares is based almost completely on observations of the solar environment, where the most extreme flares are even a hundred thousand times less intense in the X-radiation emitted.”

The “most important” discovery, however, is that after the flare a body of much coolerplasma (of around 7 million degrees Fahrenheit) rises from the star’s body with “a constant speed of about 185,000 miles per hour,” adds Argiroffi. Such a result is “exactly what one would have expected for the CME associated with the flare.”

The team adds that, based on Chandra’s readings, the mass of the CME in questions was roughly two billion pounds. This would make it about ten thousand times as massive as the largest CMEs put out by the Sun. This last tidbit reinforces the idea that more magnetically active stars generate larger-scale versions of solar CMEs.

“The observed speed of the CME, however, is significantly lower than expected. This suggests that the magnetic field in the active stars is probably less efficient in accelerating CMEs than the solar magnetic field,” Argiroffi concludes.

• The paper “A stellar flare−coronal mass ejection event revealed by X-ray plasma motions” has been published in the journal Nature.

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

NASA stelt 3 robots voor die weg naar de maan moeten effenen voor astronauten - HLN.be

Bron: Space, NASA

“We gaan naar de maan, om er te blijven”, verkondigde NASA zo’n maand geleden bij de voorstelling van het nieuwe “Artemis”-programma. Eind mei werden de plannen wat concreter met de voorstelling van het nieuwe ruimtestation waarvan er een testmodel in 2022 gelanceerd zal worden.

En volgens een recente aankondiging zullen er volgend jaar alvast de eerste robots naar de maan gestuurd worden om het maanoppervlak te onderzoeken. “De maanlanders zullen de weg effenen voor de eerste vrouw op de maan”, aldus NASA-directeur Jim Breidenstine tijdens een persconferentie.

Lees ook

Alweer een stapje dichter bij de maan: NASA stelt plannen voor nieuw ruimtestation voor

Peregrine

Peregrine is een maanlander afkomstig van het commerciële bedrijf Astrorobotic. Peregrine is 1,9 meter lang en zo’n 2,5 meter breed, en zal in staat zijn om zo’n 265 kilogram te vervoeren. In totaal zal de robot maar liefst 14 ladingen naar Lacus Mortis - Latijn voor “het meer des doods” – in het noordoostelijke deel van de maan, vervoeren. Astrorobotic ontvangt bijna 80 miljoen dollar voor Peregrine.

Nova-C

Nova-C is een tweede maanlander die geproduceerd wordt door het privébedrijf Intuitive Machines. Volgens de vooropgestelde planning zal Nova-C de maan bezoeken tijdens de zomer van 2021. De maanlander van Intuitive Machines zal zo’n 100 kilogram kunnen vervoeren. In totaal ontvangt het bedrijf 77 miljoen dollar van NASA in ruil voor de Nova-C maanlander.

Orbit Beyond

De derde maanlander is ietwat ambitieuzer dan zijn collega’s. Niet voor niets krijgt het bedrijf in New Jersey het grote prijzengeld, 97 miljoen dollar, om de Orbit Beyond klaar te stomen tegen september 2020.

Alternatieven

Alle drie de robots zijn afkomstig van commerciële bedrijven, en NASA maakte er een budget van maar liefst 254 miljoen dollar (227 miljoen euro) voor vrij.
De contracten met commerciële bedrijven zijn een belangrijke stap voor het ruimtevaartagentschap, volgens Clive Neal, een ruimtewetenschapper aan de University of Notre Dame in de Amerikaanse staat Indiana . “Als je zo’n ambitieus ruimtevaartprogramma hebt, moet je aan de belastingbetaler kunnen tonen dat je iets verwezenlijkt hebt. En er is heel wat tijdsdruk”, legt Neal uit. “Die tijdsdruk verhoogt het risico. Daarom voorziet NASA voldoende alternatieven.”

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

Drone maakt een foto die niemand had mogen zien

Tegenwoordig kunnen de prachtigste beelden worden gemaakt. Sinds de intrede van drones kunnen nóg betere foto's en video's dan voorheen worden geschoten van de meest afgelegen of moeilijk bereikbare plaatsen. En dat zorgt soms voor ontdekkingen van bijzondere locaties.

Kijk maar eens naar het volgende, indrukwekkende lijstje met foto's die door drones gemaakt zijn. Bereid je voor spectaculaire beelden met bijzondere verhalen. De meeste plaatjes moet je wel meerdere keren bekijken, voordat je precies begrijpt wat je ziet. Je zult versteld staan... We willen je speciale aandacht vragen voor de vijfde foto uit dit lijstje. Op deze foto ging het nog maar net goed en gelukkig is iedereen ongedeerd. Bekijk ook vooral de video die bij de foto's hoort waarmee we het artikel afsluiten.

Ik heb enkel de video op mijn blog geplaatst...  Wil  je de 30 foto's + verhalen apart bekijken, dan raad ik jouw aan om naar de website te gaan   https://www.bright-story.com/nl/

{ https://www.bright-story.com/nl/ }

FORMER MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OFFICIAL: ‘LOW PROBABILITY’ UFO TECHNOLOGY IS OF THIS WORLD

Scott Morefield | Reporter

Fox News host Tucker Carlson discussed the military’s “different approach” to UFO sightings with former military intelligence official Luis Elizondo on Friday’s edition of “Tucker Carlson Tonight.”

WATCH:

Tucker began the segment by describing the U.S. government’s new way of dealing with sightings. Whereas they once “dismissed” them as “crank stuff,” they are now “finally admitting that UFO sightings are in fact routine and the government is now being systematic in investigating the question of UFOs.”

After playing footage of a new History Channel documentary on the subject, the Fox News host introduced Elizondo, a “former military intelligence official and special agent in charge.”

When asked about why the government lied for so many years, Elizondo listed several reasons, including lack of technology and the “taboo” surrounding the subject.

Elizondo described “five observables” that differentiate UFO technology from known technology: Instantaneous acceleration, hypersonic velocities, low observability, transmedium travel, and positive lift or anti-gravity.

“There have been enough sightings over a long enough period that the idea this is a computer glitch, that these are generated somehow by radar systems, that can’t be right, correct?” asked Tucker. 

• (RELATED: Navy Declassifies 2015 Footage Of Pilots Encountering UFO)

“Tucker, we are well beyond right now establishing whether or not these things exist,” responded Elizondo. “It is an absolute fact that they are there. Now, what they are, where they are from, who is behind the wheel, we simply don’t know. Is it possible these things are a foreign adversarial technology that somehow was developed in secret and we are just now trying to figure these things out? It’s possible. But, there are also other possibilities as well, of what these things could be.”

When pressed to assign a likelihood that the UFOs were foreign technology, Elizondo said, “I think it’s a low probability.”

Very low probability. Look, we have the most sophisticated weapon systems right now on the face of the planet, and we can identify not only a 737 or a MIG 25 or F-22, we can tell you even what airline it is and the difference between the models of aircraft within that type of aircraft. So, I think it’s highly unlikely that a foreign adversary was successful in developing something like this.

“Let me ask you one last question,” said the Fox News host. “Do you believe, based on your decade of serving in the U.S. government on this question, that the U.S. government has in its possession any material from one of these aircrafts?”

“I do. Yes,” he responded.

“Do you think the U.S. government has debris from a UFO in its possession right now?” asked Carlson.

“Unfortunately, Tucker, I really have to be careful of my NDA,” said Elizondo, cautiously. “I really can’t go into a lot more detail than that … But simply put, yes.”

Follow Scott on Twitter

{ https://dailycaller.com/ }

NC Man Gets UFO Sighting on Video

by JC Zuzierla

Unidentified Flying Objects – UFOs – have been in the news a lot recently. From when the Pentagon decided to change the rules on reporting UFOs to the Mexican Air Force videoing UFO sightings and even the U.S. Navy reporting recent sightings, UFOs have been seen, and many think they should be believed. Now, a private citizen reports his own UFO sighting, and he just happened to get it on video.

Daniel Patterson, a man from Liberty, North Carolina, claims that he has a video of a UFO in real-time and not just any video. It was a Facebook live video. In other words, he was already capturing something on video in January of 2019, when he just happened to capture the UFO too.

According to Patterson, he wasn’t even paying attention when he captured the flying object.

Image: Screenshot via YouTube Video

Instead, he was taping something about the universe when “something whizzed by his head.”

It was only when someone else brought the object to his attention that he looked to see what it was on the video. He said:

“I didn’t know it was there it was brought to my attention by someone else that’s on in the video and said, ‘Hey Dan, did you see the UFO?’ and I said no.”

For North Carolina, this isn’t an unusual experience.

https://www.facebook.com/daniel.patterson.58118/videos/2295547247174786/

According to the National UFO Reporting Center, North Carolina sees about 3,000 reports per year of UFO sightings. Although the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) says the method they use to track UFOs and reports is “more scientific.” MUFONs North Carolina State Director, David Glidewell, says that he analyzes photos and videos of reported UFOs in addition to training people to do the same. Often, he says, what people think are UFOs turn out to be airplanes, birds, bugs, drones or even lens flares – glares on the camera lenses.

He went on to say:

“But there’s about two to three percent of the cases a year that there is actually something that’s really strange. You look for those golden nuggets.”

One recent report from North Carolina, posted on the MUFON website, is classified as “unknown-other” that notes:

“…A low-flying, square-shaped object that moved directly overhead according to testimony in Case 91103 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) reporting database.”

According to the notes, the person – MUFON calls them witnesses — who reported the object said they were driving to work just after 11 p.m. EST when she saw bright lights. The witness said they thought it was someone’s house in the mountains. But the closer the witness got to the mountain, there was a “separation between the lights and the mountain.”

“It was very low and didn’t make a bit of noise. It was wide cause there were a light on each end and also about six-to-eight in the middle. I couldn’t tell if it was long cause there were no lights. It wasn’t fogy but this was really weird.”

The statement goes on to say that there wasn’t any fog in the area, but there was some around the object, and that:

“I say fog because I couldn’t smell any smoke. It wasn’t thick and I could see the lights clearly. It floated in a straight line from when I first noticed it and where I stopped, it floated right over me.”

The witness then attempted to get a picture of the lights but reported that the phone didn’t have data, so it wouldn’t work. Instead, the person drew a picture and described what they saw.

Image via MUFON

For Patterson, however, seeing the UFO on the video was something of a “spiritual experience.” Or, he said, maybe it’s some sort of technology that’s not privy to us, and “maybe something from history that’s been kept a secret.”

MUFON is currently investigating Patterson’s report but has yet to determine what, if anything, was on the video. Whether it is a true “unidentified flying object” that is unknown to humans or something that glared on the lens of the video camera, one thing is for sure. The alleged UFO sightings are strange occurrences, and the increased reports indicate that they’re happening much more frequently. This is probably enough to make anyone question the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial life, even the most die-hard skeptic.

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• Featured Image: Screenshot via YouTube Video

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

Alleged NASA hacker Claims The US Has Deep Space Warships

According to a hacker who is facing a ten-year legal battle after breaking into NASA computers, the United States has a fully operational fleet of Space Warships. Gary McKinnon, firmly believes that he came across the ultimate information that proves the US have a secret space program operated by the navy with fully operational warships that operate in Space.

In a new interview on UFO channel Richplanet TV, McKinnon finally reveals the entire truth about his findings saying: ‘I kept going for months and months. I kept thinking, ‘They’re going to close this door’.

McKinnon said that he used a software called Landsearch which allowed him to search all files and folders of interest to him.

‘I scanned and looked for documents, I found an Excel spreadsheet which said, ‘Non-terrestrial officers’, states McKinnon.

‘It had ranks and names. It had tabs for ‘material transfer’ between ships.

‘I took that to be, they must have a ships based in space – the names started with U.S.S.’

Gary McKinnon is accused of mounting the biggest ever hack in the history of the United States by breaking into the computers of the Army, Air force, Navy and NASA.

During his latest interview, McKinnon describes a conversation from a former NASA whistleblower Donna Hare, who had been told by a colleague that NASA was trying to hide delicate information by “airbrushing” UFOs from their photos.

“There was a colleague, who was in another room — they all had secret clearance but they were on different projects — and she (Hare) was in this chap’s lab or room or whatever it is and he said come and take a look at this,” said McKinnon.

While there are many people who firmly believe this is yet another elaborate hoax, there have been a series of former NASA and government employees who back up the claims made by McKinnon.

According to statements from a former Marine not only have humans made it to Mars in the past, but we have developed a secret space program and flotilla that operates in space. The former US Marine, was posted on the red planet for years and his mission was to protect the five human colonies from indigenous life forms on Mars. According to the former Marine known as Captain Kaye, not only did he spend years on Mars, but he also served aboard a giant space carrier for three years. He worked for the Mars Defense Force (MDF) which is owned and operated by the Mars Colony Corporation (MCC) which is basically a conglomerate of financial institutions, government and tech companies. Kaye and his team were part of a special section of the United States Marines with a highly classified mission, protect and ensure the existence of five newly-established colonies on the surface of the red planet. The Earth Defense Force, another secret military branch has military recruits from countries such as the United States, China and Russia.

Parts of the testimony from Captain Kaye are consistent with that of Michael Relfe, another whistleblower who claims to have served 20 years tour on the red planet. Laura Magdalene Eisenhower, great-granddaughter of former President Eisenhower claims that efforts were made to recruit here onto a human colony on Mars, led by researcher Dr. Hal Puthoff.

According to “Jackie”, there are humans on Mars, and we have been on the red planet for over 20 years. ‘Jackie’, she and six other employees saw the exact same thing, suggesting this might be the evidence that proves that a secret space program did exist (or might even still).

According to ‘Jackie’ while working as part of the team downloading telemetry from the Viking Lander, she saw human setting foot on the surface of the red planet via a live feed from Mars.

In an interview with Coast-to-Coast AM, Jackie talked about humans on Mars, something that has been discussed among other alleged NASA employees for years.

Many Ufologists firmly believe that the statements made by the above individuals is accurate and that this information is being withheld from the general public.

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }  - https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

A Mysterious Object Punched a Hole in the Milky Way, Scientists Are Confused

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

David Paulides, known for his Missing 411 series of books, in which he documents the disappearance of people in national parks and elsewhere, also has documented cases of bow hunters' mysterious disappearances, in which they are either not found or found under very bizarre conditions.

An experienced hunter, Aaron Hedges, was hunting with friends in the 'Crazy Mountains' in Montana in 2014, and get separated from the group, but was in contact with them via radio, before he went missing.

A week after his disappearance, they found his boots and camelback in the snow, but ground searchers and dogs yielded no further evidence in the area.

Nine months later, his backpack and vest were found, 15 miles away from the other location, yet it would seem impossible that he could have traveled that distance in the snow without shoes, Paulides noted.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Silver Disk Seen Flying Over Capital Of Armenia On June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 2, 2019
Location of sighting: Yerevan, Armenia

This is a great video by a Yotuber who usually only shoots landscapes. The UFO was seen over the Armenian capital city of Yerevan, flying low and at an angle. I remember Area 51 employee Bob Lazar saying that the UFO disks they had in Area S4 often had to tilt to move from place to place. That they didn't fly flat like planes would. This really stands out to me in this video of this disk being actual alien technology. 

So now we are confronted with a dilemma. Is this a top secret USAF craft made from alien tech that flew from the US secret island base in the Black Sea? Yeah, there is a US base there. Or is this a craft manned by another species? Armenia is only 80km from the Black Sea. I would say this is too close to the Black Sea and it looks too classic in design...so it must be a USAF secret project. Aliens gave Area S4 classic UFOs not the newer high tech advanced ones...so yep, this is US military.
Scott C. Waring 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Luis Elizondo, Tom DeLonge And Chris Mellon On UFOs, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Now you don't have to be an expert in the field of UFO research to make a difference. All you have to do is share the knowledge that you have learned with others. Thats what Tom Delonge and Chris Mellon are doing here. I love that. Its celebrities asking for the truth. Asking the US government to come out and reveal that intelligetent aliens are known to exist. And honestly, thats how its done, unless you want to dig deeper and find the evidence in the Gov NASA archives...which is also lots of fun. 

Please go to twitter and tell Tom Delonge thank you for his hard work and support on exposing the truth about aliens and UFOs. 
@tomdelonge 

Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

White Orb UFO Seen Over Las Vegas, Nevada On June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 2, 2019
Location of sighting: Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

This is a great video of the famous white UFOs frequently seen over Las Vegas area. The UFO is orb like and holding relatively still. However similar such objects are shooting around in the video at increadible speed. The other tiny objects have a white glimmer on two sides of each of them, which tells me the they are insects. The main object is no insect, so don't let them distract you from the actual UFO. I believe the eyewitness is standing on the grass looking up, in a location where many mosquitos or knots are swarming. 
Scott C. Waring

Eyewitness states: 

I thought was one but there are many ufos if you pause the video or slow down .

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

UFO Seen Across China Makes It Onto TV News, June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: June 2, 2019
Location: China

China TV News is reporting a possible UFO seen across China yesterday. The UFO was seen in the sky and reports across China came in for eyewitnesses to the event. The Chinese gov reports that military exercises were taking place this day and that what people saw was a missile launch. 

I have to admit the object does look similar to recorded video of NASA and SpaceX rocket launches, so I have to agree with China on this one. Looks like military exercises to me, but must have been an exciting event to witness. 
Scott C. Waring

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

UFO 3-5X Size Of Earth Exists Sun, May 23, 2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 23, 2019
Location of sighting: Sun
Source: NASA/SOHO images

On May 22, I noticed two huge black circles on the northern and southern poles of our sun. I took a screenshot and the very just a few hours later on May 23, I saw a white object that was shooting out of the Northern black area of our sun. The objects color was white, indicating that it was not made of the material of our sun. If it was material from our sun, then it would be a greenish hue due to the SOHO filters. However this white color indicates its solid, but not made of the same material. Meaning...its a UFO that exited our sun.  I have often said that our sun is so huge, its very likely that its hollow and has an entire planetary system (mini solar system) inside. Sounds bizarre, but really, is it? It is the most logical explanation for the exiting of this UFO. And its not like this is the first UFO I ever found exiting our sun, but more like the 20th or so.

Notice at 4 min into the video is the screenshot of the sun on the 22nd of May...two huge black circles on both polar regions. 
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Aliens or Not? Everything You Need to Know About The Roswell Incident

The Roswell incident was one of the most notorious UFO related events in history.

By  Donovan Alexander

Depositphotos

Aliens? Maybe not? Or, maybe it is one big conspiracy. Even if you are a hardcore doubter of the “Roswell Incident” there are some eyebrow-raising details about the incident that are a little fishy at best, attracting decades of conspiracy theories and references throughout pop-culture.

• RELATED: FIGURING OUT WHETHER ALIENS EXIST: POSSIBLE RESOLUTIONS TO THE FERMI PARADOX

Humanity has always wondered what could potentially lurk out in the great beyond. How could there not be some form of intelligence in our infinite universe? A little over 50% of people believe in aliens in places like the UK, Germany, and the United States with only relatively small fluctuations in numbers across the world.

Just in the United States alone, 16% of people have reported seeing a UFO at some point in their lives. However, the 1947 Roswell incident will go down in history as one of the most conspicuous pieces of evidence that the US government has covered up the existence of extraterrestrial life on Earth.

On July 8, 1947, the newspaper the Roswell Daily Record published a front-page article headlined “RAAF Captures Flying Saucer On Ranch in Roswell Region”. This headline and its sudden recant has become a legend in UFO history.

The documents to the incident have actually been declassified. Today we are going to explore that incident and what the facts say and maybe you can decide for yourself what exactly happened at Roswell.

What happened at Roswell?

Source: Wikipedia 

On that fateful day in 1947, the Roswell Army Air Field or RAAF issued a press release stating that a “flying disk” had crashed on a ranch near Roswell during a powerful storm. Fueling the overall legend, not too long after the event government scientists arrived in the area, triggering an immediate change to the story.

Once the government scientists had arrived, a press conference was held and that report of a flying saucer immediately changed to a crashed weather balloon. The objects taken from the crash site were said to be foil, rubber, and wood.

According to the US Army Air Force, the object was a highly classified project that would eventually go on to detect atomic bomb tests in the Soviet Union.

Recovered by a ranch worker, William Brazel, his words and description of the device is what originally had triggered the alien frenzy only to later regret his words. According to official accounts, the technology found out the site was part of an experimental technology trial codenamed Project Mogul.

What Exactly Was Project Mogul?

Source: Wikipedia/NOAA

According to the United States Air Force, Project Mogul was a highly classified project lead by the United States Air Force designed to detect sound waves in the upper atmosphere. The technology was born out of Cold War and Soviet Paranoia, with the eventual aim to identify sound waves from the Soviet atom bomb tests.

The technology had actually been kept quiet for obvious reasons and actually played a crucial role in Cold War surveillance of the Soviet Union. This same mystery around the device and lack of explanation during the incident further propelled the rumors of a government cover-up.

A Delayed Response

The Roswell incident did not gain national traction or even international traction until years much much later. In fact, it was until 31 years later, when The National Enquirer ran the story again without the correction, that the story became folklore. The government’s lack of information on the incident and suspicious activity towards the incident is what cemented the Roswell.

What “Really” Happened?

Years later, after the story was published again, the public jumped on the story curious about what exactly happened at that ranch just northwest of Roswell, New Mexico. Reports by newspapers of the military harassing locals who witnessed the event raised questions However, the weirdness does not end there.

In 1978, UFO researcher Stanton Friedman sent conspiracy theorists into a frenzy with an interview of Jesse Marcel, the officer who originally assessed the crash site. The officer described what he saw stating, "It was not anything from this Earth, that I'm quite sure of... I was familiar with just about all the materials used in aircraft and/or air travel. This was nothing like that...It could not have been."

“It felt like you had nothing in your hands; it wasn’t any thicker than the foil out of a pack of cigarettes. But the thing about it that got me is that you couldn’t even bend it, you couldn’t dent it, even a sledgehammer would bounce off of it… I knew that I had never seen anything like that before.”

The weirdness does not stop there. Supposed witnesses gave descriptions of alleged humanoid alien bodies 3-4 feet tall with large heads, large eyes and a hole for a nose at the crash site. Other insider witnesses who have come forward have gone on to describe things like memory metal at the Roswell site and a ship that had no engine.

What Do You Think Happened?

The Roswell cover-up is a long rabbit hole with equally conflicting and matching stories. The facts are that there was a crash that day and the government worked really hard to cover up that information. What do you think happened on that fateful day on July 8, 1947?  

{ https://interestingengineering.com/science }