They Said it Will Hit on Sunday, September 20, 2020

They Said it Will Hit on Sunday, September 20, 2020
NASA watches as weird 'dent' in Earth's magnetic field splits in two
Hayabusa2 re-entry capsule approved to land in Australia
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency said this week that it has now been officially informed that its Hayabusa2 space capsule – carrying precious dust captured from the surface of near-Earth asteroid Ryugu – is approved for landing in Australia.
Artist’s concept of JAXA’s Hayabusa2 sweeping past Earth, as its sample-return capsule – carrying precious grains from the surface of asteroid Ryugu – plummets to Earth’s surface.
Image via JAXA.
On February 22, 2019, the Hayabusa2 spacecraft of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) touched down briefly on near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu and fired a bullet into the asteroid’s surface. The spacecraft collected a sample of dust puffed up during the maneuver, and now the spacecraft – carrying its precious cargo of an asteroid sample within a capsule on board – is headed back to Earth. The spacecraft will sweep past Earth, and the capsule will drop to Earth’s surface via parachute on December 6, 2020. JAXA said in an announcement on August 19, 2020, that it has now been officially informed that the capsule is approved for landing in Australia.
JAXA said:
The Hayabusa2 re-entry capsule will return to Earth in South Australia on December 6, 2020 (Japan Time and Australian Time). The landing site will be the Woomera Prohibited Area. The issuance of the AROLSO [Authorization of Return of Overseas-Launched Space Object] gave a major step forward for the capsule recovery.
Ryugu as seen by Hayabusa2 on June 26, 2018.
Image via JAXA/ University of Tokyo/ Kochi University/ Rikkyo University/ Nagoya University/ Chiba Institute of Technology/ Meiji University/ University of Aizu/ AIST.
Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft captured this image in February 2019, during its ascent after touchdown on asteroid Ryugu. You can see the shadow of Hayabusa2 and a region of the surface of the asteroid apparently discolored by the touchdown.
Image via JAXA (@haya2e_jaxa on Twitter).
Replica of the Hayabusa2 sample-return capsule, which measures about 16 inches (40 cm) in diameter. The capsule is scheduled to land, via parachute, in Australia’s Woomera Prohibited Area on December 6, 2020.
Image via Wikimedia Commons.
Hayabusa2 was launched from Earth on December 3, 2014. The spacecraft rendezvoused with asteroid Ryugu on June 27, 2018. The mission follows an earlier JAXA Hayabusa mission (the name means Peregrine falcon), which, in 2010, returned samples from asteroid 25143 Itokawa, the first-ever asteroid to be the target of a sample return mission and the only other mission so far to have returned asteroid samples to Earth.
Hayabusa2 surveyed Ryugu for a year and a half. It left the asteroid with the precious sample safe inside its capsule in November, 2019.
After Hayabusa2 flies past Earth to deliver its sample capsule in late 2020, it is expected to retain 30 kg (66 lb) of xenon propellant, which can be used to extend its service and to fly by new targets to explore. As of August 2020, there are two scenarios under consideration for a mission extension. First, a Venus flyby in 2024 would set up the spacecraft for a November 2029 encounter with a small, quickly spinning near-Earth asteroid called 2001 AV43. During the flyby, Hayabusa2 could also conduct infrared observations of Venus. Alternatively, the spacecraft could be sent toward a rendezvous with another near-Earth asteroid and another fast rotator – 1998 KY26 – in July 2031.
A live webcast showed Hayabusa2 scientists nervously monitoring Hayabusa2’s February 22, 2019 touchdown on distant asteroid Ryugu.
NASA INVESTIGATING EARTH'S MYSTERIOUSLY WEAKENING MAGNETIC FIELD AMID CONCERNS OVER SATELLITES AND SPACECRAFT
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SpaceX Starlink satellites are pictured in the sky seen from Svendborg on South Funen, Denmark 21 April, 2020
( Reuters )
'Dent' or anomaly is small but getting bigger, scientists warn
The Earth's magnetic field wraps around our planet, bouncing away charged particles that come to us from the Sun. But there is an unexplained gap in it, where the magnetic field is weak, hovering over South America and the southern Atlantic Ocean.
What's more, the region is spreading and continuing to weaken, leading to fears that the problem could get worse.
Researchers refer to the gap as the "South Atlantic Anomaly, or SAA", and fear that it could cause significant problems for equipment that is used on Earth. Within the anomaly, particles are able to get closer to the surface than usual, meaning that satellites and computers that pass through it could be hit by problems.
That has led Nasa to devote resources to tracking the dent, in an attempt to better understand where it is and what could be causing it.
At the moment, there is no obvious consequence of the SAA for anyone living on Earth. But detailed observations have suggested that it is getting more extreme and that it is expanding to the west, as well as splitting so that there are two points at which the anomaly is least strong.
The Earth's magnetic field – and the changes it undergoes – are happening beneath our feet. Underneath the Earth, in its outer core, metals are churning that create electric currents that then go on to produce the important magnetic field.
Over time, those conditions within the core change, and so does the magnetic field. It is those changes that lead to phenomena such as the SAA.
But the greatest concern about the magnetic fields for the time being is it effects on equipment away from Earth's surface. Ordinarily, the magnetic field keeps the satellites that are around the Earth safe – including inhabited ones like the International Space Station – but the changes mean they lack the protection as they fly through the area covered by the SAA.
At the moment, operators are forced to shut down specific components as they pass through the area. That is one of the reasons that tracking the SAA is important to Nasa, since it needs to know exactly where it is so that those changes can be made most accurately.
With better data in the future, Nasa hopes to be able to more accurately predict how the SAA could be changing and therefore what danger it might pose to satellites and the instruments on them. Future missions will better inform those models, Nasa says, and can also be used to better understand the processes in the Earth that are leading to the changes.
All related videos, selected and posted by peter2011
Famous alien-hunting telescope slashed to pieces in mysterious midnight accident

The Arecibo Observatory — a gargantuan telescope in Puerto Rico famous for scouring the cosmos for asteroids and alien life — went quiet this week, following a devastating accident that left the telescope's reflector dish in pieces.
On Monday (Aug. 10) at approximately 2:45 a.m. local time, a metal cable at the facility snapped, slashing through the radar dish and tearing open a 100-foot-long (30 meters) hole, according to a statement from the University of Central Florida, which operates the National Science Foundation-owned facility. The snapped cable also smashed through several other cables and platforms that support the dish, causing debris to rain down on the ground below and making it harder for technicians to access the site.
"We have a team of experts assessing the situation," Francisco Cordova, the director of the observatory, said in the statement. "Our focus is assuring the safety of our staff, protecting the facilities and equipment, and restoring the facility to full operations as soon as possible, so it can continue to assist scientists around the world."
Arecibo began operating in 1963 from the bottom of a natural sinkhole in Puerto Rico. At the time of its completion, Arecibo was the world's largest single-dish telescope, stretching 1,000 feet (305 m) in diameter. While you may not know the telescope by name, you might know it by sight, thanks to the 1997 movie "Contact." That film's protagonist is an astronomer working at Arecibo, who hopes to make first contact with extraterrestrial intelligence. (The observatory's gargantuan reflector dish also stole the show at the end of the 1995 James Bond flick, "GoldenEye.")
Though we're still waiting for that epic first DM from aliens, Arecibo has played a central role in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) since the 1970s. In 1974, astronomers used the radio telescope to transmit a binary code toward a dense cluster of stars 25,000 light-years away, hoping the message might get picked up by another technologically-advanced civilization. (It wasn't).
SETI experiments have remained a key part of the observatory's agenda — and so has planetary defense. Arecibo's Planetary Radar Project, part of NASA's Planetary Defense program, is responsible for detecting and studying near-Earth objects, such as asteroids, that could pose a threat to our planet.
That project, along with all other Arecibo projects, has been suspended due to the damage. But Arecibo has bounced back from damage before, including the fallout from earthquakes and Hurricane Maria, and this accident will hopefully be no exception. Still … it would be a lousy time for the aliens to finally return our call.
Taking a Look at Robots of the Extraterrestrial Kind

When we think of aliens, we tend to think of biological creatures. But, what about extraterrestrial robots? There are a number of such cases on record. Gareth Medway says: “The Christiansen family of Wildwood, New Jersey, who had seen a UFO on 22 November 1966, were interviewed by ‘the strangest looking man I’ve ever seen,’ wearing a thin black coat, who introduced himself as ‘Tiny’ from the ‘Missing Heirs Bureau.’ He spoke in a high, ‘‘tinny’ voice, in clipped words and phrases like a computer, ‘as if he were reciting everything from memory.’ His black trousers were too short, and ‘they could see a long thick green wire attached to the inside of his leg, it came up out of his socks and disappeared under his trousers’ John Keel commented that he had not heard of this feature in other MIB cases: ‘Was Tiny wearing electric socks? Or was he a wired android operated by remote control?’ [italics mine]. He departed in a black 1963 Cadillac.”
In the summer of 1997, one of the most controversial UFO-themed books ever written was published. Its title: The Day After Roswell. Ghosted by William Birnes, the editor of the now-defunct UFO Magazine and of History Channel’s also defunct UFO Hunters, the book tells the story of one Philip Corso. Specifically, Lieutenant Colonel. Philip J. Corso. U.S. Army. Corso’s story was both amazing and groundbreaking. But, was it true? While some in the field of Ufology embraced the story, many certainly did not, preferring instead to view the book as either government disinformation – intended to confuse the truth of what really happened at Roswell, New Mexico back in the summer of 1947 – or nothing more than an elaborate and ingenious hoax.
Contrary to what the UFO community said or assumed, Corso never explicitly stated that the Roswell corpses were extraterrestrial. In fact, what he really said was quite the opposite. In Corso’s story the so-called “Grey aliens” are actually created, built, or grown to perform specific tasks. As for the creators of the Greys, it was they, Corso maintained, who were the real aliens. Corso also said that, as far as he was aware, no-one has ever seen the real aliens, only ever their black-eyed, large-headed worker-drones. William Birnes said that Corso described the Greys as “…an android or biological robot [italics mine]. “The entities ” had no digestive system whatsoever” and were “connected electronically to the navigation controls of the spacecraft.”
One of the most intriguing, but also baffling, UFO encounters occurred in Scotland on November 9, 1979, at around 1o:39 a.m. The Telegraph newspaper stated: “…Robert Taylor, a Scottish forestry worker employed by the Livingston Development Corporation, parked his truck at the bottom of Dechmont Law and took his red setter for a walk up the hill. By his account, as he emerged into a clearing he came across a strange metal sphere about 20 ft across ‘like a spaceship, a huge flying dome.’ It appeared to be made from a dark metallic material with a rough texture like sandpaper.” The BBC stated: “[Taylor] told how two-spiked spheres then rolled out towards him and, as he passed out, he was aware of being grabbed on either side of his legs. Mr Taylor woke up in a disheveled state 20 minutes later…After the spiked objects rushed out and tried to grab hold of him, all he could remember was a strong smell of burning. When he came to, the clearing was empty, apart from a pattern of deep regular marks on the ground. He went to his van but was so shaken he drove it into a ditch and had to stagger home in ‘a dazed condition.” Were those spiked spheres actually robots, dispatched to perform a specific task? Maybe so. Finally…
It was late one night, at some point in the latter part of 1956, said “John Hanks,” when he came face to face with a strange creature in Falls City, Richardson County, Nebraska. He was confronted by a creature in excess of nine feet in height, one that was humanoid in shape, but which most certainly could never be termed a member of the human race. That much, at least, we can ascertain from Hanks’ description. Ken Gerhard says, with a great deal of justification, that “[Hanks’] description of the creature sounds reminiscent of something out of an H.P. Lovecraft story.” Ken is not wrong. In fact, he is right on target. Hanks’ nightmarish thing had a pair of fifteen-foot-wide wings that, rather oddly, appeared to be made of bright, shining, aluminum! Not only that, the wings appeared to be strapped to the creature; almost grafted onto its body in definitive cyborg-style [italics mine].
This Top Secret UFO Aircraft Has Just Been Revealed At An Aviation Show But There's A Catch via Unexplained Mysteries

This top secret concept aircraft has just been revealed at an aviation show but there’s a catch. Today, we take a look at this top secret concept aircraft that’s just been revealed.
Unidentified flying objects have been a topic of mystery and confusion. Various groups have given their opinions on these mysterious objects, with some believing that they originate from space, while others are of the idea that they are man made, and belong to top secret governments from around the world. Due to recent announcements this has only caused some to get onboard with this idea.
Thank you for watching!
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Former Defense Official Advocates Serious Investigation On UFO Phenomenon

Former Defense Department intelligence official urges the government to take UFO reports seriously. Christopher Mellon, ex-deputy assistant of defense for intelligence, believes this is a topic the oversight Committee should seriously look into.
Mellon, the Pentagon’s third highest-ranking intelligence post, is referring to the supposed plan of Pentagon to release more information on the famed UFO sighting by U.S. Navy pilots who reported a UFO moving in a way world technology wouldn’t do.
Eric Davis, a contractor and Pentagon consultant, said he had briefed a Defense Department agency this spring on research that showed the Navy discovered vehicles, not on this earth.
Mellon, also a television host, suggests that assertion should be taken seriously. The reports and the pending release of Pentagon are making UFO reports switch from decades-old fiction to real phenomenon now.
Mellon pointed out the article published by the Scientific American itself, saying the scientific community should take the subject seriously and investigate it. He said that the Defense Department and the Navy have stood up and publicly acknowledged that the UFO phenomenon is real, happening and that our Navy pilots are encountering these vehicles.
Reacting to the explanation that modern technology might be the cause of the recent findings of UFOs behaving in a way this world doesn’t yet allow, Mellon, called it “too simplistic.” He explains that we had information from multiple systems, multiple personnel in the ground, and the air, tracking these UFOs performing intelligent maneuvers beyond any capability we possess.
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Amazing photos in Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter celebration
NASA has posted a sampling of some of the most awe-inspiring photos of Mars, to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the launch of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. They are proof that Mars is a very photogenic world.

View larger. | Sand dunes and ripples in Proctor Crater on Mars, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on February 9, 2009.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
Mars is a dry desert world, covered in reddish sand. In our lifetimes, spacecraft have revealed its amazing scenery and sweeping landscapes. It’s a world at once reminiscent of Earth, yet alien and strange. This week, to celebrate the launch of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 15 years ago, NASA has shared some of the orbiter’s most breathtaking images. We found these images very beautiful and think you will, too, whether you’re a Mars aficionado or a newbie.
The Mars Reconnaussance Orbiter (MRO) has three cameras: The Mars Color Imager (MARCI), which has a fisheye lens for a daily global view of the planet; the Context Camera (CTX), which provides 19-mile-wide (30-kilometer-wide) black-and-white terrain shots; and the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), which produces the beautiful and jaw-dropping images that MRO has become famous for. HiRISE takes the highest-resolution orbital images of the Martian surface ever obtained, and in full color. They show sand dunes, avalanches, craters, dust devils, old river and lake beds, mountains, gullies and more in exquisite detail. MRO has even been able to photograph rovers such as Curiosity and Opportunity, on the planet far below. It has also photographed the two small Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos.
The image at top of the sand dune and ripples in Proctor Crater is in enhanced color to bring out details. Like other images of still-active sand dunes, it shows that Mars isn’t a completely inactive, motionless world. Leslie Tamppari, MRO deputy project scientist at JPL, said in a statement:
The more we look, the more we discover. Before MRO, it wasn’t clear what on Mars really changed, if anything. We thought the atmosphere was so thin that there was almost no sand motion and most dune movement happened in the ancient past.
View larger. | Recurring slope lineae (RSL) in a crater in Valles Marineris.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
In the image above, we see dark streaks, called recurring slope lineae (RSL), on a steep crater wall in Valles Marineris. There is still much debate as to whether those might be small streams of briny liquid water.
MRO has also watched dust storms on Mars, as seen in the image below. Most storms are fairly small and regional, but others can grow to encompass the entire planet, about once or twice a decade. These are called “planet-encircling dust events.” MARCI took the images in the summer of 2018. This was the storm that darkened the skies over the Opportunity rover and caused it to run out of power from its solar panels.
In the view from May, we see the Valles Marineris chasms (left), Meridiani Planum (center), an autumn dust storm in Acidalia Planitia (top) and the early spring south polar cap (bottom). The same regions are in the view from July, but completely obscured by dust.
View larger. | Global dust storm seen by MRO in the summer of 2018 (right).
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ MSSS.
Dust storms aren’t the only dusty phenomenon that MRO has seen. The next image below is a good example of a serpent-like dust devil, captured on February 16, 2012. The image was taken in a late spring afternoon in the Amazonis Planitia region of northern Mars.
The plume is about 98 feet (30 meters) in diameter, and based on the length of the shadow, is more than half a mile (800 meters) tall!
A westerly breeze created the S-like arc in the plume. Just like on Earth, Martian winds get their energy from the sun, even though Mars is much farther from the sun than Earth. Even though winds have lessened this time of year, they are still strong enough to produce dust devils like this one.
Dust devils have also been seen up close on the ground by the rovers Opportunity, Spirit and Curiosity.
View larger. | A twisting dust devil in the Amazonis Planitia region of northern Mars.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
Dust storms and dust devils aren’t the only way that Mars is still active. Avalanches are another common occurrence, especially when seasonal ice vaporizes in the warmer spring.
In the image below, taken on May 29, 2019, MRO captured avalanches on 1,640-foot-tall (500-meter-tall) cliffs at Mars’ north pole. The avalanches also had the effect of exposing hidden layers of ice and dust in the cliffs, going back millions of years or more. For scientists, these layers are like reading the book of Mars’ history, providing clues as to how the environment changed in the region over time.
View larger. | Avalanches on steep cliffs near the martian north pole on May 29, 2019.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
Another thing that MRO is good at is finding new craters. Such “fresh” craters can be identified by the new-looking ejecta blanket of rocky debris around them. Many more of these can be seen on Mars due to the planet’s very thin atmosphere, which doesn’t burn up larger meteors as easily as Earth’s atmosphere. More of them therefore actually impact the planet.
MRO has found over 800 new impact craters so far during its mission. The one pictured below is about 98 feet (30 meters) across. The impact was strong enough to throw ejecta as far as 9.3 miles (15 km).
On Mars, craters also last much longer than they do on Earth, again because of the thin atmosphere that erodes them more slowly.
View larger. | A new impact crater, spotted by MRO on November 19, 2013.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
MRO has been orbiting Mars since 2006, and has taken no less than 6,882,204 images, generating 194 terabytes of data. Those views of the red planet have helped to revolutionize our knowledge about this familiar yet alien world.
MRO has also taken images of mud volcanoes, and a recent study showed that mud which flows from them will flow in a manner similar to lava on Earth.
As well as taking incredible images, MRO also studies Mars with multiple other instruments. It measures the temperature of the atmosphere and dust and water vapor using Mars Climate Sounder (MCS), peers beneath the surface with radar using Shallow Radar (SHARAD) and analyzes different minerals on the surface in rocks and sand with the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM).
View larger. | NASA’s Curiosity rover in Gale Crater, as seen by MRO from orbit.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
View larger. | Mars’ largest moon Phobos, as seen by MRO on March 23, 2008.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ Univ. of Arizona.
View larger. | Conical hills thought to be mud volcanoes, in Coprates Chasma on Mars, photographed by MRO.
Image via Petr Bro¸/ MRO/ NASA/ JPL/ University of Arizona/ The Conversation.
View larger. | Enhanced-color image from MRO of the future landing site of the Perseverance rover in Jezero Crater in February 2021. An ancient river delta is still clearly visible.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ ASU.
The images sent back by MRO have been some of the most incredible of any planetary mission, and are the perfect way to celebrate the 15th anniversary of the launch. Along with all the other data to date, they have forever changed our view and understanding of the red planet.
More information about MRO is available on the mission website. Check out the HiRISE website for many thousand more images! You can even make a request for the spacecraft to take images of specific targets.
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The mysterious “bag” of the Gods: represented in Sumeria, America and Göbekli Tepe

The mysterious purse of the gods displayed by various ancient civilizations separated by more than 12,700 kilometers apart, from Sumer to Mesoamerica.
This mysterious bag is observed in sculptures and bas-reliefs of Sumeria of 6,000 years ago (the Anunnaki carried it) and in the temple of Göbekli Tepe of the millennium 10 BC. C. It is also carried by Mesoamerican deities (the Olmecs, Toltecs, Aztecs , etc.) and Australia . Its symbology is enigmatic, it could represent a type of universal standard weight measure or be part of the equipment of alien gods with futuristic technology.
The mysterious purse of the Gods: paradigmatic pictographs
The Sumerians from the beginning of their civilization in 4,500 BC. They portrayed the Anunnaki with peculiar artifacts , such as the pine cone , a type of “wrist watch” and this mysterious bag . Many pictographs show a winged god holding a pine cone in one hand and the divine purse in the other.

Other images show Adapa, Dagon or the fish god Oannes holding it. This aquatic god emerged from the waters of the Persian Gulf and founded civilizations , according to Mesopotamian mythology. 12,700 kilometers away , in Mesoamerica, sculptures of the Mayans, Aztecs, Toltecs and Olmecs show the same artifact.
The most prominent Mesoamerican example is from the Olmecs , at the La Venta archaeological site in Mexico . There is a stone engraving of the god Quetzalcoatl holding the same bag of the gods that the Anunnaki carried . This site was founded in 1750 BC.
Another impressive example is in the monumental Toltec statues of the Atlanteans of Tula (in Tula, Mexico). They are representative warriors of Quetzalcóatl and carry the enigmatic contraption, although it is thought to be an atlat or dart thrower .

In Göbekli Tepe we found it. This massive temple located in Turkey is considered the oldest in history , from the 10th millennium BC. C. The artifact appears on Pillar 43 , in a row of three bags and on figures of animals such as birds and snakes.
Also tribes of ancient Australia painted images of this bag of the gods, in addition to the Native Americans of California , United States, mainly for the Coso petroglyphs . It should be noted that in Ancient Egypt a similar device is noted: the ankh or Egyptian cross , which is loaded in a similar way.
According to the book Ice Age Language: Translations, Grammar and Vocabulary by Dr. Robert Duncan-Enzmann and Jay R. Snyder, the symbol on the bag expresses a standard weight , a standard of weighing. This “standard weight” also denotes a “weight of authority” or “weight of power” , as it was always drawn being held by the Anunnaki or by Sumerian kings (authorities with power).

Another more futuristic explanation is in that of the ancient astronauts , that these artifacts could have been bags for cosmonaut equipment , since they are similar to those used today and because those ancestral gods were celestial travelers .
The interpretation of the standard weight makes sense but does not explain why various ancient civilizations of the world engraved the same bag of the gods . You might think that the Anunnaki and the ancient gods of places like Mexico, Guatemala, North America and Australia were the same deities .
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Japan's Hayabusa2 asteroid sample-return capsule cleared for landing in Australia
Astronomers bounced a laser off a spacecraft whirling around the moon
For the first time, scientists have successfully bounced a laser off a mirror that's attached to a spacecraft whirling around the moon.
Bouncing lasers off mirrors on the lunar surface is an old trick. Astronauts walking on the moon first left reflectors behind in 1969. And since then, researchers have bounced lasers off those reflectors to make precise measurements of the distance between the moon and Earth, using the speed of light and the time it takes for the laser beam to return to Earth.
But hitting a laser in orbit around the moon is a much trickier task. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has orbited the moon with a mirror on its back since 2009. But nearly a decade went by without a single successful laser bounce. In an Aug. 6 paper in the journal Earth, Planets and Space, a team of researchers report the first successful laser contact: Twice on Sept. 4, 2018 and twice again between Aug. 23 and Aug. 24, 2019, technicians at the Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) station in Grasse, France, shot laser bursts at the LRO and saw the light return 2.5 seconds later.
To make sure that the light bouncing off the LRO returns in the direction from which it came, the mirror on its back is more complicated than the one in your bathroom. Like the older mirrors on the lunar surface, it's a "corner cube" — a series of three-dimensional mirrors, each literally shaped like the inside of one corner of a cube. When a laser hits it, the light bounces three times before the geometry of the mirror returns it in the precise direction from which it came.
Tracking the movement of the LRO over time is an interesting scientific project in its own right. But, the researchers wrote, these four successful laser contacts don't offer enough data to track that movement. The LRO is still moving too fast and too unpredictably to reliably hit with a laser, and all four contacts were made under what the researchers described as ideal conditions. The moon, LRO and France were all lined up perfectly to improve the odds of laser contact.
Over the long-term, studies of the LRO mirror could help resolve a tricky problem impacting the mirrors left on the lunar surface. All of those mirrors have become less reflective over time, and researchers aren't sure why. But that lost quality is making precise measurements more difficult. The issue could be that long-term exposure to solar radiation just weakens the mirrors. In that case, the LRO's mirror should weaken over time at the same rate. Alternatively, lunar dust or faint haze from the moon's thin atmosphere could be obscuring the mirrors, the researchers wrote. In that case, the LRO's reflectivity should remain more or less unchanged over time high in orbit, even as the surface mirrors degrade.
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Experts Debate, Defend and Deflate Theories About the Tic Tac UFOs

Photo: Department of Defense/Department of Defense
While The New York Times dances in and around the linked stories of the USS Nimitz Tic Tac UFOs seen and recorded by military pilots and the Pentagon’s announcement that it still has a funded investigation group that may or may not have pieces of non-human-made objects, Salon has followed a different path and talked to camera experts and experts in how humans think who debate the “I’m not saying it’s humans … but it’s humans” side of the discussion. Let’s hear what they have to say, courtesy of Salon.
“What looks like great speed and wild maneuvers is just a common optical illusion combined with the effects of the FLIR’s gimbal and glare filter.”
“The object you’re seeing is a single point of heat from an unidentified plane, probably a distant commercial jet, flying away from the F-18. The camera is looking out the side of the F-18 which is speeding past nearby clouds, making the object appear to be moving relative to the clouds.”
Still image from the footage of the “tic-tac” UFO
Brian Dunning is the controversial host of the Skeptoid podcast and he believes FLIR (Forward-Looking InfraRed) cameras are known to create optical illusions – as all cameras are, which is why this is a common refute of many videos of UFOs, particularly orbs and faraway cylinders.
“When people look at those kinds of videos and the reaction of the pilots, for example, I think that’s often also used to give them more credibility with these expert pilots, often military pilots, commenting on the behavior of the shifts.”
Timothy Caulfield, a host of “A User’s Guide to Cheating Death,” refers to the Occam’s razor principle which states that the simpler of two explanations (in the Tic Tac case, that they are non-Earth UFOs) is generally more likely to be correct, and it is bolstered in this case by the fact that it’s presented by respected military pilots. From this writer’s standpoint, while interesting, this seems to be more opinion than fact. Dunning defends his position.
“Two words: Sensationalism sells. Nobody is excited about the artifacts of the FLIR glare filter; everyone is excited about the prospect of the Pentagon hiding the ‘truth about aliens.'” Humans are hardwired for anecdotal thinking. Our brains gravitate toward the simple and the desirable, and away from the complicated and the boring.”
Alexander Wendt, a ufologist and international relations professor at Ohio State University, sticks up for the pilots and makes an interesting observation about the Navy response.
“I challenge anybody to do better than the Navy to explain what’s in those videos. If the Navy couldn’t do it… they had every reason to want this off their plate.”
Wendt thinks the Navy was hoping for an easy “Case closed” but the obvious stress of the credible pilots wouldn’t let their explanation be the “Occam’s razor” one, even if it was correct. Ohio State University professor and political scientist Thomas Wood seems to agree, citing the long-lasting yet non-scientific support the general public has for UFO conspiracy theories.
“If you look at the data on public opinion on this, it is really sort of incredible. The American public fascination with UFOs is one of the very durable conspiracy theories in the American public’s imagination.”
So, this Salon debate ultimately boils down to a fact about FLIR camera as versus a fact about the innate human preference for the simple explanation. In the end, without a sophisticated recreation of the Nimitz sighting in identical circumstances and lighting with identical cameras – a scientific test, in other words – Dunning loses the round to human nature.
Isn’t that how it seems to always work these days?
(Thanks again to Salon for conducting these interviews.)