Luminous disk-like UFO flying over field near Saskatchewan, Canada

Luminous disk-like UFO flying over field near Saskatchewan, Canada
Triangle formation was filmed over Brooklyn, New York on 25th May 2021.
Triangle formation was filmed over Brooklyn, New York on 25th May 2021.

This triangle formation was filmed over Brooklyn, New York on 25th May 2021.
Witness report:
I walked out of the supermarket just after 11pm at night and stopped at the zebra crossing waiting to cross. To my right I noticed three orange lights in the sky in a triangle formation low in the sky, gliding silently north wards, coming from what appeared to be near the river in Williamsburg, towards Manhattan. I instantly pulled out my phone and shot the footage, being sure to keep my hands still and to zoom in. I am used to seeing planes and helicopters in the area, but this struck me as very unusual straight away and having a keen interest in this sort of thing, I knew I had to film it straight away. I believed I was watching three separate craft fly in formation at the time. They were emitting a steady soft orange glow. On further inspection on the footage I believe it to be a giant triangular shaped craft. It disappears behind the buildings as shown in the video. I then crossed the road and witnessed it more where I took a brief second video.
Another pedestrian was looking at it and exclaimed to me “What the hell IS that?” After the craft disappeared behind another building I ran to the end of the road to the intersection of Graham and Metropolitan Avenue and turned north to where I should have been able to see the craft, but it had disappeared out of sight, which struck me as unusual as it had only taken me ten seconds or so to run down the road to try and see it. All the time, I heard no noise from any planes or helicopters, but obviously there was traffic noise.
Forget the Nazca lines! Huge spiral covering 100,000 square metres found in India's Thar desert may be largest drawing EVER made, experts say
A huge spiral covering 100,000 square metres discovered in the Indian desert may be the largest drawing ever made, according to experts, who say it dwarfs the Nazca lines in South America.
The spiral artwork is made up of a series of small geoglyphs covering an area of about a million square feet in the Thar desert in India, first spotted on Google Earth by Carlo and Yohann Oetheimer, a father and son research team from France.
While the South American geoglyphs are more plentiful, with up to 300 characters, and cover a larger area, a line in India is significantly larger than any one Nazca line.
The lines make up four distinct symbols, created by scraping sand and silt near the village of Boha, with the largest single symbol 2,374ft long and 650ft wide, made of a single seven and a half mile line spiralling inwards.
Study authors, not affiliated with any institution, say the lines may be at least 150 years old, but can't say anything more specific, adding their meaning is lost to history and they need to visit to study determine any dating.

The study authors wrote in their paper: 'Three memorial stones positioned at key points, give evidence that planimetric knowledge has been used to create this elaborate design'

Huge spirals discovered in the Indian desert may be the largest drawing ever made, according to experts, who say they dwarf the Nazca lines in South America
The duo searched through images on Google Earth showing the desert for unusual features.
In the images they found eight possible sites, eventually discounting seven of them as being natural features.
The pair took a drone to the region in 2016 and flew it over the site.
During the drone flight they found seven of eight predicted sites were actually just furrows dug for failed tree plantations.
They found that the eighth site, near the village of Boha, had four distinct symbols, made up of 20 inch wide lines of varying length and complexity.
At the centre of the selection of geoglyphs is a symbol 2,374ft long and 650ft wide, made of a single seven and a half mile spiralling line.
South-west of this mega-spiral is a second line that repeatedly bends back on itself to form a grid of parallel lines, the team explained.
There are also a pair of smaller geoglyphs to the north and south-west, but they are both heavily eroded.
Despite the work being carried out by independent, researchers, 'the report is convincing,' says Daniela Valenzuela from the University of Tarapaca in Chile.
The Nazca lines in Peru cover a wider area than the Thar lines, but the individual figures and lines are smaller, with the longest labyrinth line 2.7 miles long.
The lines can't be seen from the ground, according to the researchers, with Valenzuela saying 'this may be significant'.
Adding that it may imply that their significant came from the act of creation, not later viewing by future people.
The study authors wrote in their paper: 'Three memorial stones positioned at key points, give evidence that planimetric knowledge has been used to create this elaborate design.'
Planimetric elements in geography are features independent of elevation - roads, rivers, lakes and buildings.

The lines make up four distinct symbols, created by scraping sand and silt near the village of Boha, with the largest single symbol 2,374ft long and 650ft wide, made of a single seven and a half mile line spiralling inwards

Study authors, not affiliated with any institution, say the lines are at least 150 years old, but can't say anything more specific, adding their meaning is lost to history.
'These artefacts allow us to envisage hypothetical modalities of edification,' the authors wrote.
'We collected indicators of antiquity suggesting that these lines may be at least 150 years old and possibly linked to the Hindu memorial stones surrounding them.
'The lack of visibility from the ground raises the question of their function and meaning. So far, these geoglyphs, the largest discovered worldwide and for the first time in the Indian subcontinent, are also unique as regards their enigmatic signs.'
In the case of the Nazca line geoglyphs, they were likely created by people removing the black topsoil to reveal light-coloured sand hidden underneath.

The spiral artwork is made up of a series of small geoglyphs covering an area of about a million square feet in the Thar desert in India, first spotted on Google Earth by Carlo and Yohann Oetheimer, a father and son research team from France

The lines can't be seen from the ground, according to the researchers, with Valenzuela saying 'this may be significant'
Geoglyphs span large land tracts located between the towns of Palpa and Nazca, and some depict animals, objects or compact shapes.
Often, the composition of a geoglyph cannot be fully realised at ground level. Only when one is high enough in the air can they discern the shapes.
For this reason the intricacies of the designs were not fully realised until aeroplanes were invented and the artwork was seen from the sky.
'We will need to go to India in the near future in order to complete our research and have a precise dating, in order to understand their function and meaning better. For now, the dating is hypothetical,' Carlo Oetheimer told MailOnline.
The findings have been published in the journal Archaeological Research in Asia.
Largest Ever Geoglyph Found in India’s Thar Desert

A gigantic spiral geoglyph found in India’s Thar Desert is believed to be the largest on the entire planet and is much bigger than Peru’s famous Nazca Lines (one line in India is much larger than any of the Nazca Lines). The Nazca Lines cover an area that is wider than those in the Thar Desert, but the figures and lines are smaller in size.
It was researchers Carlo and Yohann Oetheimer who noticed the humungous geoglyph in India by searching the area with Google Earth images. In total, they found eight locations with possible geoglyphs but were able to debunk seven of them due to being furrows that were dug in the ground for planting trees. The eighth one, however, couldn’t be discounted so they decided to fly a drone over the site (which is close to the village of Boha) and confirmed the gigantic spiral geoglyph.
The spiral drawing is made up of several small geoglyphs. The four symbols contain lines measuring 20 inches wide with different lengths. Located in the center is the largest symbol that measures 2,374 feet in length and 650 feet in width that was made of one inward spiraling line that is 7.5 miles.
NASA satellite image of the Thar Desert.
Located to the north and south-west are two smaller geoglyphs but they have sustained a lot of erosion over the years. Also to the south-west is a grid with parallel lines that was formed by another line that bends backwards numerous times. The Thar Desert geoglyph covers an area of nearly 100,000 square meters.
Since the geoglyph lines can’t be seen from the ground, Daniela Valenzuela, who is from the University of Tarapaca in Chile, weighed in on the discovery by stating, “this may be significant”.
The authors of the study wrote in part, “’Three memorial stones positioned at key points, give evidence that planimetric knowledge has been used to create this elaborate design.” Planimetric elements include rivers, lakes, roads, and buildings. “These artefacts allow us to envisage hypothetical modalities of edification.”
Peru’s Nazca Lines
While not much history is known about this giant geoglyph, what is known is that it was created at least 150 years ago. There may be a connection with the Hindu memorial stones that are located around them although that hasn’t been definitively proven yet. The study was published in the journal Archaeological Research in Asia where it can be read in full.
Pictures of the Thar Desert geoglyph can be seen here.

Huge geoglyphs etched into the Thar Desert. (Carlo Oetheimer and Yohann Oetheimer / Archaeological Research in Asia )

The Hindu memorial stones located around the Thar Desert geoglyphs suggest an advanced form of mathematics, design and planimetry related to the glyphs near them. (Carlo Oetheimer and Yohann Oetheimer / Archaeological Research in Asia )
Something Beyond Imagination Just Fell From Our Sky! 2021.jpg)
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Something Beyond Imagination Just Fell From Our Sky! 2021
The bizarre footage of the long, black object plunging into the water was filmed at Jangkar Beach in East Java – with some people claiming it was a damaged UFO. The spooky object was swallowed by the waves shortly after crashing into the sea. Facebook user Kh Popeye Watermelon shared the clip and asked: “What is this anchor-like thing that fell from the sky?”
You Won't Believe What the White House Just Said About UFOs! World Wide UFO Videos Just In!.jpg)
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You Won’t Believe What The White House Just Said About UFOs! World Wide UFO Videos Just In!
Since 2008, THIRDPHASEOFMOON has changed the way people look up at the skies and wonder, “Are we Alone?” With over 773,000 subscribers and millions of views, our goal is simple! We speak with UFO EYE WITNESSES from around the globe, including ground reporting with Experts and Professionals, such as Astronauts, Scientists, Government Officials, ETC.
With permission granted, THIRDPHASEOFMOON, will share, discuss, enhance and analyze UFO videos. And along with our research and opinion of the evidence, THIRDPHASEOFMOON also produces 100% Original Documentaries in regards to the UFO PHENOMENON happening everyday! Our Aim is to bring Truth and Evidence in the field directly to the Public!
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 27-05-2021LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 27-05-2021
UFO Sighted Over Brazil ( May 26, 2021 )
Amazing UFO sighting in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on May 26, 2021
STATEMENT : avistamento incrível à beira-mar
TRANSLATE : incredible sighting by the sea
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STATEMENT : Greater London : A UFO? Mysterious lights flying during the night in London on 26 of May 2021 : Mysterious lights flying during the night in London on this Wednesday 26/05/21. Is that a UFO? I recorded this mysterious lights flying for more than 7 minutes in the sky.
ORIGINAL VIDEO OWNER : Betina Ascari Brochetto
ORIGINAL VIDEO URL :
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - MUFON CASES - 27-05- 2021LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - MUFON CASES - 27-05- 2021
MUFON CASE : 115786 Brooklyn, New York ( May 27, 2021 )
Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : Giant triangular UFO gliding over Williamsburg, Brooklyn
Long Description of Sighting Report
I walked out of the supermarket just after 11pm at night and stopped at the zebra crossing waiting to cross. To my right I noticed three orange lights in the sky in a triangle formation low in the sky, gliding silently north wards, coming from what appeared to be near the river in Williamsburg, towards Manhattan.
I instantly pulled out my phone and shot the footage, being sure to keep my hands still and to zoom in.
I am used to seeing planes and helicopters in the area, but this struck me as very unusual straight away and having a keen interest in this sort of thing, I knew I had to film it straight away. I believed I was watching three separate craft fly in formation at the time. They were emitting a steady soft orange glow. On further inspection on the footage I believe it to be a giant triangular shaped craft.
It disappears behind the buildings as shown in the video. I then crossed the road and witnessed it more where I took a brief second video. Another pedestrian was looking at it and exclaimed to me "What the hell IS that?"
After the craft disappeared behind another building I ran to the end of the road to the intersection of Graham and Metropolitan Avenue and turned north to where I should have been able to see the craft, but it had disappeared out of sight, which struck me as unusual as it had only taken me ten seconds or so to run down the road to try and see it.
All the time, I heard no noise from any planes or helicopters, but obviously there was traffic noise.
Date Submitted : 2021-05-27
Date of Event : 2021-05-25 / 11:10PM
MUFON SUBMITTER FILES :
MUFON CASE : 115781 Mansfield, Australia ( May 27, 2021 )
Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : Unusual object descending during a storm
Long Description of Sighting Report
On the night of the 18th of Dec 2015 my brother and his family was filming a storm and discovered that they had also captured a ball coming from the clouds. It was unusual in that it fell slowly and steadily - not like an object would that was eg: space junk or something falling from a plane. There was no path or evidence of anything burning behind it. There was no landing site. As the location that it was taken was from an exposed open site the object was not something that fell from a surrounding building or the like - it definitely came from the clouds around 1 klm away. For curiosity I have extracted the object using a photo editing program and have been able to isolate some detail. It is not organic in nature the object appears about 21sec through the videos - please view the lightened one first
Date Submitted : 2021-05-27
Date of Event : 2015-12-18 / 6:00PM
MUFON SUBMITTER FILES :
Glowing Light Over Missoula, Montana May 26, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

Giant UFO passing the Sun
US Submarines Detected Fast-Moving UFOs Underwater Ahead of Pentagon UFO Report

The US Navy has picked up fast-moving UFOs underwater weeks before the Pentagon’s UFO report is made public. It has been claimed that experts or current technology cannot explain the sightings. According to Washington Examiner’s Tom Rogan, the Navy has located sonar data, which proves the mysterious and unexplained encounters.
It comes after footage shared last week showing a black object moving across the sky close to the naval stealth ship.
Even Barack Obama, former US president, admits that video and records of UFOs exist, saying: “It’s true – we don’t know exactly what they are, we can’t explain how they moved, their trajectory.”
The Pentagon, which UFO report is due in June, later confirmed that the video is believed to be from 2019 that was taken by Navy personnel.
Photos were allegedly leaked from an official investigation into UFOs preparing evidence for Congress due in June.
Mr Rogan told Fox News that they would learn more about the interaction between US Navy submarines, attack submarines, nuclear ballistic submarines, picking up sonar contact of things moving at hundreds of knots under the water relevant to this video.
He added that there’s an undersea dimension to this aside from what the pilots are witnessing above water.
Anchor Tucker Carlson reacted, saying that people couldn’t even digest when talking about hundreds of knots underwater. Mr Rogan told him that’s what he has heard from very good sources and that the US Navy has the data. He explained that worldly or otherworldly, it’s just part of a much larger series of events they will be learning about.
Hollow Earth: Is there a civilization with its own Sun under the surface?

Since the 18th century , the scientific community has debated the possibility of an unknown kingdom called Hollow Earth.
Following the publication of some photographs taken by the ESSA-7 satellite in the 70s, where the clear sky was seen at the North Pole, a large hole was revealed where the Pole must have been.
After ESSA USA published the images, the controversy began. Scientists, independent researchers and theorists debated the existence of this perfectly circular hole in the Arctic.
Ray Palmer, ufologist and editor of Flying Saucers magazine, said that NASA photography was the propitious evidence to consider theories about the existence of underground and advanced civilizations .
Considering that there was already a story from 1928 , narrated in the diary of the polar explorer, Admiral Richard E. Byrd , the evidence is accumulating.
Byrd said that while he was flying over one of the poles, he was able to see immense and wonderful valleys and prehistoric animals inhabiting the area.
For many, this story caused a great impact and raised a wave of theories about the existence of the Hollow Earth.
After the writing on Byrd’s experiences was found, many articles and books related to the subject were published. Like those written by Amadeo.
In Giannini’s book “Worlds Beyond the Poles”, it is stated that the explorer did not just fly over the Arctic. It had been able to access the center of the Earth through one of the many holes in the place.
By December 1959, a theory was published in Ray Palmer’s magazine that it related to Giannini’s book and the Hollow Earth. Its resounding success showed that thousands of people believed in the theory.
According to Palmer and Giannini, Admiral Byrd radioed that under the snow there were areas of land, vegetation, mountains, lakes, rivers, forests, and a strange mammoth-like animal.
Satellite images have shown the existence of holes in the Earth’s poles.
Since the 14th century, the person responsible for discovering Halley’s Comet, the accredited Astronomer Royal of England, Edmund Halley , proposed the theory of the Hollow Earth theory.
He also said that inside was divided into 3 cones centered and the medium was molten lava that was serving as an inner sun . This theory was supported by Newton himself .
Leonhard Euler, an 18th century mathematical genius, also supported the Hollow Earth theory. He further stated that at the poles of the globe there were two openings that served as entrance .
Aside from myriad scientific hypotheses, The Hollow Earth idea has served as a muse to a variety of artists and writers. Jules Vern e’s Journey to the Center of the Earth , from 1864, is one of the most famous works that talks about it.
Investigations are currently continuing to discover what is hidden under the earth’s mantle.
A project spearheaded by the former Soviet Union in 1965 consisted of digging a 15-kilometer deep well that they called Kola . The results of this study were not publicly disclosed, but it is believed that “human and animal voices” could be heard through ultra-sensitive microphones.
However, science has also contradicted itself in this regard. Some claim that every 30 meters, the temperature increases by one degree . If this is true, the Earth’s center should reach close to 220,000 degrees Celsius .
This would make the center of the planet much hotter than the Sun , whose crust reaches 6,000 degrees Celsius .
There are many questions regarding this theory, especially due to the silence of the special agencies and the restrictions they place on investigators.
Extraterrestrial First Contact: After the Pentagon Report - Five Things to do Now

http://www.firstcontact29.blogspot.com/
It seems likely that the upcoming Department of Defense report about Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP – more popularly known as UFOs) will just be broad confirmation of what they have already confirmed in parts- there are several military sightings of UAP that cannot be explained. That doesn’t mean that UAP are the work of aliens. But barring some strange technological aberration in US military hardware or secret operations carried out by the Chinese or Russians, alien activity is certainly a possibility.
So, what the hell do we do next? I have five ideas.
You will notice that this process does not stay confined to the US Military. I think keeping such an investigation top-secret would be a tremendous mistake. It would provoke China and Russia and leave other nations without a say in the matter. It could create increased political tensions for many years.
The search and planning efforts should be done with a fair amount of transparency. While some investigations would have to begin in secret, the process and results of these investigations should be shared with the world public.
First Contact with an extraterrestrial civilization would be an event for all of humanity to share, not only in watching it occur, but helping to determine the path forward. We need to take some basic steps now to prepare. It could happen this year or fifty years from now. It may never happen. But the impact of high information First Contact on the human civilization would be huge. It makes sense to do some sort of basic planning now.
That’s the topic of my new book: – The “The Extraterrestrial Big Hello: A Guide for What to do When the Aliens Introduce Themselves.” It is available on Amazon worldwide.
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The aliens haven't landed: Why you should be skeptical of recent reports on UFO sightings
The deluge of media reports from "60 Minutes," The New York Times and others about UFOs (also known as Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) is difficult to make sense of.
Has the government admitted that UFOs are real? What are all those different blurry videos? What's this UAP report that's (maybe) coming in June?
I've been following the story for the past four years, and I'll try to make sense of it. First, some context.
Since the 1950s there have been UFO enthusiasts, people who think that the reported sightings represent incredible new technology, possibly aliens, that, once studied, will elevate all of humanity to the next level — ushering in an era of flying cars, free energy, and possible human-alien cultural exchanges.
Many in the UFO community believe the government is holding back progress toward this dream by not sharing everything they know about UFOs. So, they attempt to lobby the government to fess up — something they refer to as "disclosure."
Earlier this month, when President Barack Obama was asked on the Late Late Show about UFOs, he made a few jokes, then said: "There's footage and records of objects in the skies, that we don't know exactly what they are. We can't explain how they moved, their trajectory. They did not have an easily explainable pattern. And so … people still take (it) seriously, trying to investigate and figure out what that is."

For many UFO fans this was a high point in a recent wave of what they see as confirmation that "disclosure" is just around the corner.
This wave started morthan te hree years ago with the publication of a New York Times article "Glowing Auras and Black Money" about the existence of a semi-secret government program that investigated UFO sightings. The article was accompanied by two UFO videos, and a third came out a few months later.
Things reached a fever pitch in April 2020 when the Department of Defense re-released those same videos, explaining they had been improperly released previously, and confirming that they were taken by Navy personnel and that they showed something classified as "unidentified."
After that, the Pentagon basically clammed up, replying to inquiries with boilerplate responses stating they would not say anything.
Media interest was significant. The admission that they were Navy videos of unidentified phenomena was taken as confirmation that "UFOs are real," and since "UFO," in common parlance, is equivalent to "alien," it was interpreted as, "Government admits aliens are real."
The tidal wave of "disclosure" dripped on. In August, the Defense Department announced the establishment of a "UAP Task Force" to "detect, analyze and catalog … incursions by unauthorized aircraft into our training ranges or designated airspace (including) examinations of incursions that are initially reported as UAP when the observer cannot immediately identify what he or she is observing."
Then in December, a request for a report on the UAP situation was shoehorned into the coronavirus relief bill.
The three videos that partly drove this wave were vaunted as prime examples of "official" UFOs. Claims were made that they showed impossible physics or evidence of advanced technology, possibly anti-gravity warp drives (hinting at aliens).
However, close examination of the videos by myself and others over the three years since they were released has shown them to be far more mundane than first thought.
The "glowing aura" mentioned in the New York Times headline turned out to be a processing artifact common to thermal cameras.
The supposed impossible accelerations in the "Tic-Tac" video were revealed to coincide with (and hence caused by) sudden movements of the camera, leading to the conclusion that the object in the video was not actually doing anything special.
The video titled "Go Fast" was claimed to show an object with no heat source (and hence, no conventional engine) moving impossibly fast over the surface of the ocean.
But some 10th-grade trigonometry showed it was actually much higher than it seemed, creating an illusion of motion, and the actual speed was more like wind speed, meaning it was probably just a balloon.
The most compelling video, "Gimbal,” seems to show an actual flying saucer skimming over clouds then coming to a stop and bizarrely rotating into an aerodynamically impossible position.
But closer examination of this video showed that when the "object" rotated, other patches of light in the scene rotated.
The only possible explanation being that the rotation was a camera artifact, and that the "flying saucer" was simply the infrared glare from the engines of a distant aircraft that was flying away. An examination of the camera's patents revealed the gimbal mechanism responsible for the apparent rotation.
Since then, two more videos from the UAP Task Force were leaked. Both initially seemed amazing: a flying triangle and a zig-zagging submersible sphere.
But, like the previous three, they became more mundane under closer examination.
I found that the triangle looked and acted exactly like an out-of-focus airplane, and the sphere was shown not to zig-zag, probably to be another glare, and to disappear behind the horizon rather than under the water.
Given the disappointing mundanity of the video evidence, what are we to expect from the upcoming UAP report, due in June?
Well, UAPs represent a serious issue for the military. If aircraft incursions cannot rapidly be identified, or if a pilot cannot make sense of what they are seeing, or if radar returns show what looks like super-fast moving objects, then those are real problems.
There's also the inevitability that foreign adversaries are developing novel forms of drones for spying and combat purposes, which we will need to detect and counter.
These are all real issues, and that's what a comprehensive report should discuss, along with suggestions for better tracking and investigating such incidents.
Mysteries remain. What the pilots who reported engaging a giant flying Tic-Tac saw is still unidentified, as are the objects in several other incidents. The causes of ghostly or rapidly moving radar returns are likewise, in many cases, unknown — although since the system is classified, if it's a system glitch or inadequacy, then the Pentagon isn't going to tell us.
We'll also continue to have no good answer for many photos and videos, simply because the object shown is too far away for whatever camera is being used. But "unidentified" means just that. It does not mean advanced technology.
If the quality of the leaked evidence is any indicator (and it probably is), then there's not going to be any significant revelations about the existence of physics-defying craft, and certainly no strong evidence of visiting aliens.
While the genuine issues that Obama raised deserve serious examination, there will be no disclosure because there is nothing to disclose.
The Elements for Life Depend on Both how and Where a Planet Forms
In the past few decades, the number of planets discovered beyond our Solar System has grown into the thousands. At present, 4,389 exoplanets have been confirmed in 3,260 systems, with another 5,941 candidates awaiting confirmation. Thanks to numerous follow-up observations and studies, scientists have learned a great deal about the types of planets that exist in our Universe, how planets form, and how they evolve.
A key consideration in all of this is how planets become (and remain) habitable over time. In general, astrobiologists have operated under the assumption that habitability comes down to where a planet orbits within a system – within its parent star’s habitable zone (HZ). However, new research by a team from Rice University, indicates that where a planet forms in its respective star system could be just as important.
The study, which was recently published in Nature Geoscience, was led by Rice graduate student Damanveer Grewal, who was joined by multiple colleagues from the Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences at Rice University (including Rajdeep Dasgupta, the Maurice Ewing Professor of Earth Systems Science at Rice). Together, they looked beyond the Goldilocks Zone of stars to consider how factors involved in planetary formation would ultimately affect habitability.

Basically, a star’s HZ (or Goldilocks Zone) refers to the region where an orbiting planet will experience conditions warm enough to support liquid water on its surface and a rich atmosphere – the key ingredients for life. But after taking into account the elements that go into planetary formation, Grewal and his colleagues concluded that the amount of volatile elements a planet captures and retains during formation will also determine if it becomes habitable.
Central to this is the time it takes for material to accrete from a circumsolar disk into a protoplanet and the time the protoplanet takes to differentiate into its distinct layers (a metallic core, a silicate mantle and crust, and an atmospheric envelope). The balance between these two processes is critical in determining what volatile elements a rocky planet will retain, particularly nitrogen, carbon, and water, that give rise to life.
Using Dasgupta’s high-pressure lab at Rice, the research team used nitrogen as a proxy for volatiles and simulated how protoplanets undergo differentiation. What they found was that during this process, most of a protoplanet’s nitrogen is lost from the mantle and escapes into the atmosphere. From there, the nitrogen is lost to space as the protoplanet either cools or collides with other celestial objects during the next stage of its growth.
However, if the metallic core retains enough nitrogen, it could still be significant enough that over time, it will help form an “Earth-like” atmosphere later on (where it will play an important role as a buffer gas). From this, the researchers were able to model the thermodynamic and how it affects the distribution of nitrogen between a protoplanet’s atmosphere, molten silica layers, and core.

As Grewal explained in a Rice University press statement:
“We simulated high pressure-temperature conditions by subjecting a mixture of nitrogen-bearing metal and silicate powders to nearly 30,000 times the atmospheric pressure and heating them beyond their melting points. Small metallic blobs embedded in the silicate glasses of the recovered samples were the respective analogs of protoplanetary cores and mantles.”
“We realized that fractionation of nitrogen between all these reservoirs is very sensitive to the size of the body. Using this idea, we could calculate how nitrogen would have separated between different reservoirs of protoplanetary bodies through time to finally build a habitable planet like Earth.”
Naturally, this research has implications for our understanding of how Earth formed over 4.5 billion years ago. From their results, it appears that material from the protoplanetary disk accreted quickly, forming a Moon or Mars-sized planetary embryo before it completed the process of differentiation and assumed its current metallic core, silicate mantle/crust, and gaseous envelop arrangement.
For the Solar System as a whole, they estimate that planetary embryos formed within 1-2 million years after the Sun and the remaining nebular material formed into a disk surrounding it – much sooner than previously thought. If the rate of differentiation was faster than the rate of accretion for these embryos, then none of the rocky planets would have accreted enough volatiles and Earth would not have developed the conditions necessary for life.

In addition to being a professor of Earth Systems Science at Rice, Dasgupta is also the principal investigator of CLEVER Planets. This collaborative project (funded by NASA) is dedicated to exploring how elements that are essential to life might have come together on rocky planets throughout the cosmos. As he summarized:
“Our calculations show that forming an Earth-size planet via planetary embryos that grew extremely quickly before undergoing metal-silicate differentiation sets a unique pathway to satisfy Earth’s nitrogen budget. This work shows there’s much greater affinity of nitrogen toward core-forming metallic liquid than previously thought.”
This latest research builds upon previous findings by Grewal and Dagusta (and colleagues), such as a 2019 study conducted that showed how much of the Earth’s volatile content could be the result of the impact that gave rise to the Moon. This was followed by research published in 2021 that suggested that Earth gained more of its nitrogen from local sources in the Solar System than once believed.
“We showed that protoplanets growing in both inner and outer regions of the solar system accreted nitrogen, and Earth sourced its nitrogen by accreting protoplanets from both of these regions,” said Grewal of this study, which appeared in the Jan. 21st, 2021, issue of Nature Astronomy. “However, it was unknown as to how the nitrogen budget of Earth was established.”
These findings could have significant implications for future research into how planetary systems form, evolve, and eventually develop the capacity for supporting life. In the coming years, robotic missions exploring the oldest objects in the Solar System (Near-Earth, Main Belt, and Trojan/Greek asteroids) could provide additional insight into its early history – a time when the seeds of life-giving elements were planted on Earth and other planets.
The post The Elements for Life Depend on Both how and Where a Planet Forms appeared first on Universe Today.
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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - MUFON CASES - 26-05-2021LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - MUFON CASES - 26-05-2021
Mutual UFO Network : MUFON SUBMISSIONS : First light came from the lake behind the nuclear plant rising slowly, followed by five others, vanishing and then appearing
Long Description of Sighting Report
We were watching Fireworks from my balcony and I saw this orange circular light rise from the lake behind the nuclear plant. As it slowly rose, more and more begin to follow, until there was approximately six in formation/line and when they all hit a certain point they would vanish. Iit lasted for six minutes and 43 seconds. They hovered and slowly rose directly over the fireworks that were coming from the subdivision in front of the nuclear plant. Last Canada day, (July 1, 2020) I saw two orange lights almost exactly same size, to the west of the nuclear plant. They would zigzag and change places with each other, Again directly over where the fireworks were being lit. It lasted for about maybe 45 seconds to a minute one vanished and the other one stayed for about maybe 15/22 more and then vanished as well. There were many other witnesses that were out on their balcony but I don’t know their contact info.
Date Submitted : 2021-05-25
Date of Event : 2021-05-24 / 9:31PM
MUFON SUBMITTER FILE :
LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 26/05/2021LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 26/05/2021
STATEMENT : UFO Sighting over our house : Its in Sarasota, FL USA we took it on May 23, 2021
ORIGINAL VIDEO OWNER : Football Ian
ORIGINAL VIDEO URL :
НЛО / UFO was sighted over Ust'-Koksa Mountains, Altair, Russia on May 19, 2021
STATEMENT : Россия. СТЮ. Альтаирские горы. 19.05.2021.
TRANSLATE : Russia. UST. Koksa Mountains of Altair. 19/05/2021.
STATEMENT : Southern Harbor Resort Marina : Saw these “drones?”
Flying for about 5 minutes and they disappeared once an airplane flew over them around 22:30 ET on 22 May 2021. If they were drones it would be chancy flying them over a lake late at night under heavy clouds. Was suggested these may be Starlink satellites however the last launch was May 15th and this was seen on May 22nd. The satellites can be visible at night but according to several Internet sources they are most visible right after sunset or right before sunrise. Astronomers have complained that these Starlink satellites have affected their nightly observations so Starlink has minimized their brightness at night.
ORIGINAL VIDEO OWNER : rickwins66
ORIGINAL VIDEO URL :
This footage was captured by The Magnolia Hotel's CCTV on May 22, 2021.
The notoriously haunted hotel in Texas shows toys that seemingly move on their own and an eerie shadow anomaly that sweeps through the room. The hotel was built in 1840, was the site of a particularly grisly incident in 1874 wherein a little girl was murdered by an ax-wielding intruder. It is believed that the spirit of the youngster, named Emma, has remained at the hotel and, over time, made her presence known in a variety of ways. In the footage the actives begins with a ball inexplicably rolls across the floor while a pair of 'Rem Pods' furiously flash. These devices, popular with paranormal investigators, are said to only illuminate when they are being touched by something. As this is happening, a shadowy form can be seen briefly entering the room before vanishing under a table. Co-owner Erin Ghedi explains " That is our children's room where all of our little spirits enjoy playing because of all the toys," She went on to add "this was definitely sweet Emma because she is the one who enjoys rolling the ball." The shadow figure, is a separate spirit known as 'Mrs. Read,' who the proprietors say is tasked with keeping an eye on the ghostly children who inhabit the hotel.
Source: KSAT 12 https://youtu.be/xks3VXNtu4U
Music Credit: Disconnect by CO.AG Music https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcav...
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Leaked Video Shows UFO Flying Around Navy Ship Near San Diego

In a new, leaked video, what appears to be a UFO flies around a Navy ship off the coast of San Diego before suddenly disappearing after flying into the water. NBC’s Gadi Schwartz reports for TODAY.
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Leaked Video Shows UFO Flying Around Navy Ship Near San Diego
They open a mummy in Israel and discover that it is not human (Video)


Two ancient Egyptian sarcophagi were believed to contain human remains. One of them was thought to be a mummified child, as it has the appearance of a “little human.”
However, the CT scan revealed a surprise inside. The mummies were not, in fact, human.
One of them was a bird that represented the god Horus and the other “infantile” mummy was full of mud and grains in the shape of the god Osiris.
For many decades, these two ancient sarcophagi had been part of the collection of the National Maritime Museum and, although their origins are unknown, official museum records suggest that they contained mummified hearts.
But when a team of CT archaeologists scanned the 3,000-year-old “bird and child” mummies at Rambam Hospital in Haifa, Israel, the remains of the infant mummy were found to be a votive offering to Osiris, the Egyptian god of God. death and lord of the underworld, in the form of a doll full of clay and grains.
The two mummies date between 2,500 and 3,000 years, and according to a report in the Daily Mail, Rambam’s director of medical imaging, Dr. Marcia Javitt, said the smaller mummy was “bird-like.”
It also contained a mummified bird, probably a falcon, which was symbolic of Horus, the ancient Egyptian god of royalty and the sky.
The larger of the two mummies resembled “a little boy” and it turns out that it was actually a handmade plant material doll representing the god Osiris, and this artifact according to Ron Hillel of the Haifa museums is known as a “Grain mummy” or “corn mummy”.
In ancient Egypt, when a mummy was placed in his tomb, mummified artifacts and animals were also added to symbolically protect the mummified remains and his soul’s journey to the afterlife.
The researchers said it is possible that these two mummies were buried in a “Pharaoh’s Tomb,” as an offering to the gods on behalf of the deceased.

Dr. Javitt said that the ancient Egyptians mummified numerous animals including: cats, crocodiles, fish as votive offerings and food for the afterlife, but birds had a very important role after death in ancient Egypt.
They were thought to be “protective” beings, so he often placed mummified birds and bird-shaped artifacts inside the tombs of the pharaoh.
And while Dr. Javitt makes it clear that he is not saying that this mummified bird definitely came from the tomb of a pharaoh, he said “it is conceivable that it has something to do with that kind of story.”
The team of researchers combined conventional computed tomography with state-of-the-art dual-energy computed tomography, also known as “spectral CT,” which is a density-revealing computed tomography scan.
Dr. Javitt said: “With mummies, the bones become less dense, the tissues become dehydrated, and it is nothing like scanning a living animal, human or other creature, because the tissue relationships are very different.
However, dual-energy CT allowed the researchers to measure the atomic number of tissue that is not dependent on hydration or condition – “it’s elemental,” Dr. Javitt said.
This new research has revealed a lot about how these two ancient mummies were made, and it is known that they symbolically helped the soul of a deceased Egyptian after death.
Because the ancient Egyptians believed in the immortality of the soul, the moment of death was considered a temporary interruption in a journey, rather than what it is today: the cessation of life.
And to ensure the continuity of life after death, people paid homage to the gods during and after their life on earth.
However, what these two mummies represented is only part of the story and Dr. Javitt and her counterparts at the museum told the press that they plan to return to work next week with the specific goals of determining the origin of the couple. of mummies.
And to solve the mystery of exactly for which soul they were designed to protect the mummies of children and birds, the doctor said that she and her team will work as “anatomical and archaeological detectives” until all the remaining questions are answered.