“A race of Venus came to planet Earth millions of years ago”

The Ancient Astronaut theory is being taken more and more seriously by science. But who were these beings and where did they come from? According to a new hypothesis, some of these beings could come from Venus.

In recent years, the existence of extraterrestrial life in scientific nuclei has been discussed more , reaching the point of questioning whether we have not been visited for thousands of years. A new theory could show that beings from Venus came to Earth long before humans evolved.

Beings of Venus on Earth?

For decades, NASA has shown various aspects of the physical nature of Venus, thanks to space probes.

Spokesmen for exploration missions have stated that its environment is extremely hostile , with air laden with carbon dioxide and infernal barometric pressure . It also has a heat that exceeds 100 degrees Celsius along with dense clouds of sulfuric acid.

In short, on Venus it would be impossible for life to be born. But a declassified archive from 1989, which is practically unknown , could change our perception of that world.

The document relates to the different contacts that have existed between Earth and Venus and how the inhabitants of the latter came thousands of years ago , and continued to come to “meet” the human being.

They even talk about the “selection” of people they have had over the years, highlighting people from the field, the humble, even scientists and government officials.

This declassified document presents, then, a direct contradiction to what NASA has explained about the inhospitable nature of Venus.

Obviously, many people prefer to trust what science has said and forget everything that changes the official version .

However, there is a question … Why was a document that, supposedly, contradictory, was classified and kept hidden for more than 30 years?

Obviously, theorists around the world have started to make statements, blaming NASA and the elites for hiding information about space.

Venusians have been visiting Earth for thousands of years.

“They want to help humanity”

If scientists, the only ones with the ability to study beyond Earth’s borders, have lied to us in the past, why not distrust their information about Venus?

The possibility of life on Venus completely changes general thinking about our Solar System. This is because we have been led to believe that the galaxy is an immense desert with only one oasis; the earth.

Obviously, there is another possibility; that terrestrial technology is not advanced enough to locate life on that planet.

According to this report, we can understand that the civilization of Venus managed to solve all the problems that afflict humanity today. An example of this are wars, crime, corruption and other issues that do so much damage to society in general.

This is due to the development of peaceful collective values that are based on respect, understanding and love. Through their frequent contacts with different personalities on Earth, Venusians came to offer us help in solving all these issues that prevent us from evolving as humanity.

The problem is that this support is always accompanied by a request for the abandonment of weapons of mass destruction. Reason that makes us understand why this document has been classified and, subsequently, hidden.

If there is a developed civilization on Venus and NASA has hidden it or does not know of its existence, it is something that we will probably never know. However, if we manage to make contact with a civilization that supports us in our evolution, would we react correctly?

 { https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing craters 3.5 billion years ago – with enough water released in a matter of weeks to completely fill Lake Superior, study finds

• Researchers show how 262 breached lakes on the Red Planet shaped its surface

• Water released at huge craters caused the formation of river valleys, they claim

• This water eroded the natural Martian sediment to leave the deep river valleys

• 3.5 billion years ago, water moved around Mars between crater lakes via rivers

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing crater lakes 3.5 billion years ago, a new study says.

Researchers in Texas have used satellite images to determine how 262 breached lakes on the Red Planet shaped the Martian surface. 

The floods, which probably lasted mere weeks, eroded more than enough sediment to completely fill Lake Superior and Lake Ontario, they say. 

Although there's no liquid water on Mars today, about 4.3 billion years ago the Red Planet had enough water to cover its entire surface in a liquid layer about 450 feet (137 meters) deep, according to NASA.

Fast forward to 3.5 billion years ago, and this water was more scarce – channeled around the planet between crater lakes via rivers, much like on Earth today. 

Floods at these lakes created river valleys with high walls of jagged rock on either side, much like Earth's own impressive modern-day canyons. 

A coloured topographical image showing river valleys on Mars. The outlet canyon Loire Vallis (white line) formed from the overflow of a lake in Parana Basin (outlined in white). Black lines indicate other river valleys formed by processes other than lake overflows. Image is approximately 400 miles (650 kilometres) across

Mars was not always a big dry rusty rock like it is today. Perhaps about 4.3 billion years ago, Mars would have had enough water to cover its entire surface in a liquid layer about 450 feet (137 meters) deep

'If we think about how sediment was being moved across the landscape on ancient Mars, lake breach floods were a really important process globally,' said lead author Tim Goudge, an assistant professor at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences, the University of Texas at Austin. 

'And this is a bit of a surprising result because they've been thought of as one-off anomalies for so long.'

The researchers think the furious floods were triggered either by the water filling up in the crater lake interior to the point where it started spilling over the edge; or as the lake filled up with water, the pressure from that water on the inside of the crater caused the crater rim to fail, allowing water to flow out.

'In either way, once the water started rushing out of the lake, it would begin rapidly carving an exit breach and canyon, allowing more water to flow out, and continuing so on in a runaway process until it eventually couldn't erode any more,' Professor Goudge told MailOnline.

The researcher also said he thinks more water was available early in Mars' early history, but that it never did completely cover the planet. 

On Earth, river erosion – the constant wearing away of the river bed and banks by the force of water – is usually a slow-going process. 

Over years and years, coastal land recedes as the force of the water breaks off sediment.  

But on Mars, massive floods from overflowing crater lakes had an outsized role in shaping the Martian surface, carving deep chasms and moving vast amounts of sediment.

Crater lakes were common on Mars billions of years ago when the Red Planet had liquid water on its surface. Some craters could hold a small sea's worth of water. 

But when the water became too much to hold, it would breach the edge of the crater, causing catastrophic flooding that carved river valleys in its wake. 

A 2019 study led by Goudge, published in the in the journal Geology, determined that these events happened rapidly. 

Remote sensing images taken by satellites orbiting Mars have allowed scientists to study the remains of breached Martian crater lakes. 

The remains of a former crater lake on Mars surrounded by other smaller craters. The large outlet canyon (the spindly blue dent in the upper left) formed during a crater breach event

A global map of Mars showing river valleys around the Red Planet. River valleys formed by crater lake breaches are in white. River valleys that formed gradually over time are in black

However, the crater lakes and their river valleys have mostly been studied on an individual basis, Goudge said.

This is the first study to investigate how the 262 breached lakes across the Red Planet shaped the Martian surface as a whole.

For the study, the researchers reviewed a preexisting catalog of river valleys on Mars and classifying them into two categories – valleys that got their start at a crater's edge and valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape. 

Valleys that got their start at a crater's edge indicates they formed during a lake breach flood, while valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape suggests a more gradual formation over time. 

From there, the scientists compared the depth, length and volume of the different valley types and found that river valleys formed by crater lake breaches erode nearly a quarter of the Red Planet's river valley volume despite making up only 3 per cent of total valley length.

'This discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that outlet canyons are significantly deeper than other valleys,' said study co-author Alexander Morgan, a research scientist at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona.

At 559 feet (170.5 meters), the median depth of a breach river valley is more than twice that of other river valleys created more gradually over time, which have a median depth of about 254 feet (77.5 meters).

In addition, although the chasms appeared in a geologic instant, they may have had a lasting effect on the surrounding landscape. 

Floods at Martian lakes created river valleys with high walls of jagged rock on either side, much like the impressive canyons on Earth today. Pictured, the Colorado River as it flows through Marble Canyon prior to entering the infamous Grand Canyon in northern Arizona

The study suggests that the breaches scoured canyons so deep they may have influenced the formation of other nearby river valleys. 

The authors said this is a potential alternative explanation for unique Martian river valley topography that is usually attributed to climate.   

On Earth, river erosion is a slow and steady process in most cases, but that doesn't mean it will work that way on other worlds, according to Goudge. 

'When you fill [the craters] with water, it's a lot of stored energy there to be released,' Goudge said. 'It makes sense that Mars might tip, in this case, toward being shaped by catastrophism more than the Earth.' 

The new study has been published today in the journal Nature. 

WAS MARS EVER HOME TO LIQUID WATER?

In September of the same year, the first scoop of soil analysed by Curiosity revealed that fine materials on the surface of the planet contain two per cent water by weight.

In 2017, Scientists provided the best estimates for water on Mars, claiming it once had more liquid H2O than the Arctic Ocean - and the planet kept these oceans for more than 1.5 billion years.

The findings suggest there was ample time and water for life on Mars to thrive, but over the last 3.7 billion years the red planet has lost 87 per cent of its water - leaving it barren and dry. 

Read more:

• dx.doi.org/10.10...
• Overflowing Crater Lakes Carved Canyons Across Mars | Jackson School of Geosciences | The University of Texas at Austin

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Lake Breach Floods Eroded Surface of Early Mars, Study Says

Massive floods from overflowing crater lakes were responsible for eroding at least 24% of the volume of incised valleys on early Mars, according to new research led by University of Texas at Austin planetary scientists.

“If we think about how sediment was being moved across the landscape on ancient Mars, lake breach floods were a really important process globally,” said Dr. Tim Goudge, a researcher at the University of Texas at Austin and CIFAR.

“And this is a bit of a surprising result because they’ve been thought of as one-off anomalies for so long.”

Crater lakes were common on Mars billions of years ago when the planet had liquid water on its surface. Some craters could hold a small sea’s worth of water.

But when the water became too much to hold, it would breach the edge of the crater, causing catastrophic flooding that carved river valleys in its wake.

In 2019, Dr. Goudge and colleagues determined that these events happened rapidly.

“Remote sensing images taken by satellites orbiting Mars have allowed scientists to study the remains of breached Martian crater lakes,” he said.

“However, the crater lakes and their river valleys have mostly been studied on an individual basis. This is the first study to investigate how the 262 breached lakes across the Red Planet shaped its surface as a whole.”

The authors classified the Martian river valleys into two categories: (i) valleys that got their start at a crater’s edge, which indicates they formed during a lake breach flood; and (ii) valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape, which suggests a more gradual formation over time.

From there, they compared the depth, length and volume of the different valley types and found that river valleys formed by crater lake breaches punch far above their weight, eroding away nearly a quarter of the planet’s river valley volume despite making up only 3% of total valley length.

“This discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that outlet canyons are significantly deeper than other valleys,” said Dr. Alexander Morgan, a researcher at the Planetary Science Institute.

At 170.5 m (559 feet), the median depth of a breach river valley is more than twice that of other river valleys created more gradually over time, which have a median depth of about 77.5 m (254 feet).

In addition, although the chasms appeared in a geologic instant, they may have had a lasting effect on the surrounding landscape.

The study suggests that the breaches scoured canyons so deep they may have influenced the formation of other nearby river valleys.

“This is a potential alternative explanation for unique Martian river valley topography that is usually attributed to climate,” the scientists said.

Their results are published in the journal Nature.

_____

• T.A. Goudge et al. 2021. The importance of lake breach floods for valley incision on early Mars. Nature 597, 645-649; doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03860-1

{ http://www.sci-news.com/ }

New Ultrahot Jupiter Contains Iron in Its Atmosphere

by Natali Anderson

Astronomers have discovered a highly-irradiated gas giant exoplanet in close-in, highly misaligned orbit around a bright star called TOI-1518.

An artist’s rendition of the ultrahot Jupiter TOI-1518b and its parent star.

Image credit: Sci-News.com.

TOI-1518 is a fast-rotating F-type star located approximately 742 light-years away in the constellation of Cepheus.

Also designated as TIC 427761355 and BD+66 1610, it is almost two times larger and more massive than the Sun.

The newfound planet, TOI-1518b, is an inflated gas giant about 1.9 times the size of Jupiter.

It orbits its parent star once every 1.9 days at a distance of 0.04 AU (astronomical units).

“The new planet falls within the category of ultrahot Jupiters, which have equilibrium temperatures exceeding 2,000 K,” said Yale University astronomer Samuel Cabot and colleagues.

“Many ultrahot Jupiters contain vaporized metals, both neutral and ionized, in their upper atmospheres.”

“These metals and molecules containing them are recognized as strong sources of opacity in the optical and near-ultraviolet regions.”

TOI-1518b was first identified as a candidate transiting exoplanet in photometric data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

The presence of the planet was then confirmed using high-resolution optical transmission spectra from the EXtreme PREcision Spectrometer (EXPRES) on the Lowell Discovery Telescope.

Additionally, Cabot and co-authors detected iron vapor in the atmosphere of TOI-1518b.

“TOI-1518b is highly inflated, which makes it amenable to intensive atmospheric characterization,” they said.

“The equilibrium temperature of TOI-1518b (2,492 K) is in the regime where the planet might exhibit a thermal inversion.”

“This, combined with the brightness of the host star, makes TOI-1518b an attractive target for follow-up emission spectroscopy.”

The team’s paper will be published in the Astronomical Journal.

_____

• Samuel H.C. Cabot et al. 2021. TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in its Atmosphere. AJ, in press; arXiv: 2108.11403

{ http://www.sci-news.com/ }

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot has always been a mysterious feature and now it’s getting even stranger with stronger winds. NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope collected the data regarding the discovery of the accelerating wind speeds.

Jupiter’s massive storm, which is known as the Great Red Spot, is located in the southern hemisphere of the planet. It was first spotted in 1831 by amateur astronomer Samuel Heinrich Schwabe; however, it could be much older than that. The crimson-colored clouds of the storm rotate in a counter-clockwise direction with speeds that are more powerful than 400 miles per hour (644 kilometers per hour). It has been shrinking in size and turning into a more circular shape rather than an oval. It has a diameter of about 10,000 miles (a little over 16,000 kilometers) which means that Earth could still fit inside of the storm.

By studying Hubble’s “storm reports”, researchers noticed that the wind speed just inside of the storm’s boundaries (this area is called the high-speed ring) accelerated as much as 8% from 2009 to 2020. On the other hand, the wind speeds close to the center of the storm are actually slower.

More specifically, Hubble detected that the wind speeds changed less than 1.6 miles per hour (2.6 kilometers per hour) each year as explained by Amy Simon from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, “We’re talking about such a small change that if you didn’t have eleven years of Hubble data, we wouldn’t know it happened.” “With Hubble we have the precision we need to spot a trend.”

Michael Wong, who is from the University of California, Berkeley, and who led the analysis, noted, “We find that the average wind speed in the Great Red Spot has been slightly increasing over the past decade,” adding, “We have one example where our analysis of the two-dimensional wind map found abrupt changes in 2017 when there was a major convective storm nearby.”

While it’s very interesting that the wind speeds have picked up, experts are uncertain as to what it means for the storm’s future as Wong stated, “That’s hard to diagnose, since Hubble can’t see the bottom of the storm very well. Anything below the cloud tops is invisible in the data.” “But it’s an interesting piece of data that can help us understand what’s fueling the Great Red Spot and how it’s maintaining energy.”

For now, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is continuing to amaze and baffle experts at the same time. A video and images of the wind changes in the Gas Giant’s massive storm can be seen here.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Are NASA, the other space agencies and private space companies wasting their time focusing on finding signs of life on Mars and using this to justify and/or air creating human settlements there? That may be the case if you listen to researchers from the Washington University in St. Louis who say size matters when it comes to life on other planets and Mars is just too small to have it or sustain it because it’s too tiny to have water.

“Mars’ fate was decided from the beginning. There is likely a threshold on the size requirements of rocky planets to retain enough water to enable habitability and plate tectonics, with mass exceeding that of Mars.”

In a university press release announcing the publication of a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Kun Wang, assistant professor of earth and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences and senior author of the study explains how his team reached its conclusion about Mars being more like a dried pit than a juicy life-supporting olive. While the non-natural water-filled ‘canals’ that astronomers of the 19th and 20th centuries believed they saw on the Martian surface have been proven to be optical illusions, Martian rocks and Martian meteors found on Earth show solid evidence that the planet once had natural rivers and channels. However, the most recent explorations have found no water on the Martian surface. Wang and his colleagues turned to an unexpected element to resolve this discrepancy – potassium (K).

Did Mars ever look like this?

“This study presents K isotope data from a spectrum of martian lithologies as an isotopic tracer for comparing the inventories of highly and moderately volatile elements and compounds of planetary bodies. Here, we show that meteorites from Mars have systematically heavier K isotopic compositions than the bulk silicate Earth, implying a greater loss of K from Mars than from Earth.”

The team used stable isotopes of potassium (K) to estimate volatile elements and compounds — including water — on planets, satellites and large asteroids. They found that Mars, Earth, the Moon and the asteroid 4-Vesta had large amounts of volatile elements compounds when they were formed, but Mars lost more than Earth, and the Moon and 4-Vesta lost more than both. The evidence pointed to size as the deciding factor for how much water a planet or space rock retained. For the Red Planet, Wang says the key was the Martian meteorites found on Earth.

“Those Martian meteorites have ages varying from several hundred millions to 4 billion years and recorded Mars’ volatile evolution history. Through measuring the isotopes of moderately volatile elements, such as potassium, we can infer the degree of volatile depletion of bulk planets and make comparisons between different solar system bodies.”

Wang points out that those meteorites also dispute a prevailing theory that Mars once had even more water than Earth. As a result, astronomers now have an easy technique for determining if an exoplanet in a star’s habitable “Goldilocks” zone is a good prospect for life.

“The size of an exoplanet is one of the parameters that is easiest to determine. Based on size and mass, we now know whether an exoplanet is a candidate for life, because a first-order determining factor for volatile retention is size.”

Sorry, Mars — you may not even have enough to fill the bottle

Which brings us back to Mars. Although it’s in the Sun’s habitable zone, this study’s results make Mars too small to retain water for life. Should space agencies and companies move on to another planet or Moon? Good luck convincing them to abandon exploring the planet that has captured the imagination of astronomers and science fiction fans for centuries. Venus may be closer, but they can at least see where they’re going on Mars. Even if it doesn’t have enough water, the experience will prepare space travelers for the next longer mission to a better candidate.

Sorry, Mars … size matters.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

According to a new study conducted by Chinese astronomers, there could be as many as a million small asteroids heading towards our planet within the next century. But apparently there’s no need to panic as the impact risk is low and the majority of the asteroids are less than 100 meters in width (328 feet). On the other hand, they if they do impact our planet, they would have more kinetic energy than what is in an atomic bomb.

Professor Gan Qingbo and colleagues at the Space Debris Observation and Data Application Centre at the China National Space Administration stated that the short-term hazardous asteroids (SHA) are very hard to track in space as they explained, “The accurate identification of impact threat targets and early warning capabilities requires more precise algorithms for orbit determination and impact risk assessment.”

The researchers looked through a global asteroid database and focused on the orbits of smaller asteroids and they discovered that over 700 of them could potentially hit our planet in the next century. Five of the asteroids had a one in a thousand chance of impacting our planet, although their constantly changing orbits could affect those probabilities. Then they conducted physical models on asteroid formation and estimated that there could be between 100,000 and a million short-term hazardous asteroids lurking around.

Since a lot of astronomers focus their attention on much larger space objects, they could be ignoring the smaller asteroids that may also be potentially dangerous. For example, a small asteroid measuring just 19 meters (62 feet) exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013 but it still caused an extremely powerful explosion that was approximately 30 times stronger than the Hiroshima blast. Furthermore, the shock waves caused damage to over 7,200 buildings but thankfully nobody died.

This is a perfect example of a small asteroid causing significant damage. There is no reason for us to run for cover though as Professor Chen Ping, who is a Guangzhou-based geologist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained that the SHAs are “an interesting topic for academic research and public discussions, but that should be as far as it goes,” and that since they are so small, they would probably just burn up in our atmosphere. Let’s hope he’s right.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Strange Occurrence, Could It Be The Sun & A Dark Saucer Shaped UFO Seen Over The UK.

Bright light punching through the clouds then disappearing. Also we have a dark saucer shaped UFO spotted in the UK.

Video Sources

Nathalia with N (UFO Channel)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDAlR... 

Amazing34

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srgF7...

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Even the Quiet Supermassive Black Holes are Blasting out Neutrinos and Gamma Rays

Is there anywhere in the Universe where we can escape from radiation? Certainly not here on Earth. And not in space itself, which is filled with diffuse radiation in the form of gamma rays and neutrinos. Scientists have struggled to explain where all those gamma rays and neutrinos come from. A trio of researchers is proposing a source for all that radiation in a new paper: resting black holes.

Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH) likely reside in the center of every large galaxy like the Milky Way. When those SMBHs are actively accreting matter they can spew out a lot of radiation across the entire spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. When that happens they’re called active galactic nuclei. But what about SMBHs that are quiet?

A new study says even quiescent SMBHs are emitting gamma rays and neutrinos. The discovery helps explain why the Universe is awash in energetic particles.

The title of the paper is “Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos.” It’s published in the journal Nature Communications, and the lead author is Shigeo Kimura from Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.

Neutrinos are nearly massless subatomic particles and are electrically neutral, which is where they get their name. As a result, their gravitational interaction is near zero, and they don’t interact with the strong nuclear force either. They’re extremely difficult to detect, and they’re passing through your body right now.

Gamma rays, on the other hand, are not difficult to detect. They’re the most energetic photons in the Universe and you definitely don’t want any passing through your body. They’re released in atomic bomb detonations, among other things. Space-based detectors have found gamma rays with voltages in the gigaelectron range. If electron volt ranges aren’t your thing, just think of them as more energetic than visible light by orders of magnitude.

So scientists know a lot about both neutrinos and gamma rays, they just aren’t sure where they all come from. This research might have the answer. “The Universe is filled with a diffuse background of MeV gamma-rays and PeV neutrinos, whose origins are unknown. Here, we propose a scenario that can account for both backgrounds simultaneously,” the authors write.

Scientists think they know where powerful background gamma-rays in the gigaelectron volt (GeV) to teraelectron (TeV) volt ranges come from. They come from AGNs and probably star-forming galaxies. But the source of softer gamma-rays, those in the megaelectron volt (MeV) ranges are unknown. Same with many neutrinos.

This paper shows that low luminosity galactic nuclei could account for both the neutrinos and the gamma rays.

A black hole’s enormous mass and gravitational pull draws matter toward it. It forms an accretion disk of swirling matter, and eventually, the matter falls into the black hole. When that happens an enormous amount of gravitational energy is released. That energy heats up gas around the hole and creates plasma. In this case, the low-accreting black hole has insufficient cooling and the plasma’s temperature can reach tens of billions of degrees Celsius.

What happens is the plasma energizes protons to an extreme degree. They can be 10,000 times more energetic than what the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can achieve, and the LHC is our most powerful particle accelerator. As these high-speed protons interact with matter and radiation, they produce neutrinos. This can account for the higher energy range neutrinos detected in space.

A similar mechanism produces gamma-rays. As the electrons reach extremely high temperatures, they become efficient producers of gamma-rays in the MeV range through a process called Comptonization.

So the high-temperature plasma around quiet black holes can produce neutrinos and gamma-rays. Even though these types of black holes are dim and difficult to see, there are a lot of them. It’s reasonable to think they could account for background radiation in the form of gamma-rays and neutrinos.

But this is just a proposed mechanism. There’s no conclusive proof yet. Where will that come from?

Most of our gamma-ray detectors aren’t tuned to the MeV frequency. They’re tuned to higher energy levels. What’s needed is what the authors call a “multimessenger” detector. That’s a detector that detects both gamma-rays and neutrinos at the same time, in the right energy ranges. Proposed missions like e-ASTROGAM, the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory (AMEGO), and the Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey (GRAMS) should help.

More:

• Press Release: Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from Mellow Supermassive Black Holes
• Research: Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos
• Universe Today: Finally an Answer to why Gamma Rays are Coming From Seemingly Empty Space

The post Even the Quiet Supermassive Black Holes are Blasting out Neutrinos and Gamma Rays appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/152773/even-the-quiet-supermassive-black-holes-are-blasting-out-neutrinos-and-gamma-rays/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

• https://www.universetoday.com/152766/dozens-of-robots-competed-to-race-through-underground-caves/

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

Aging White Dwarfs Become Even More Magnetic

In a few billion years the Sun will end its life as a white dwarf. As the Sun runs out of hydrogen to fuse for energy it will collapse under its own weight. Gravity will compress the Sun until it’s roughly the size of Earth, at which point a bit of quantum physics will kick in. Electrons from the Sun’s atoms will push back against gravity, creating what is known as degeneracy pressure. Once a star reaches this state it will cool over time, and the once brilliant star will eventually fade into the dark.

Most stars in the universe will end as a white dwarf. Only the largest stars will explode as supernovae and become neutron stars or black holes. There are lots of white dwarfs in the Milky Way, but many of them can be difficult to study.

For one thing, white dwarfs don’t produce energy in their cores as regular stars do. They cool and fade as they age, so we tend to see the youngest and brightest white dwarfs. Observations of white dwarfs are also biased toward those with the smallest mass. That’s because the more massive a white dwarf is, the smaller it is. The reason for this has to do with the balance between electron degeneracy pressure and gravity. In a white dwarf, the electrons act as a sort of quantum gas. The more massive the white dwarf, the more tightly its gravity can squeeze the electrons, hence a smaller volume.

Fortunately, we’re getting better at studying smaller and cooler white dwarfs, as a recent study shows. The team used data from the Gaia spacecraft to find white dwarfs within 20 parsecs of Earth. In addition to known white dwarfs, the team identified about 100 white dwarfs that had never been cataloged. They then looked at the spectrum of these white dwarfs using ISIS spectrograph and polarimeter on the William Herschel Telescope. Since the spectrum of a white dwarf is affected by its magnetic field, the team was able to measure the strength of their magnetic fields.

They found an interesting result. There is a correlation between the age of a white dwarf and its magnetic field. The older a white dwarf is, the more likely it has a strong magnetic field. In other words, white dwarfs tend to become more magnetic as they age. This suggests that white dwarf magnetic fields are created through the cooling process of the star.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

On September 24, Dr. Michael Salla received a new update about recent developments in Antarctica concerning former Dark Fleet bases taken over by China, and how these were being turned over to the Earth Alliance as a result of the Jupiter Agreements. 

The update was released by Val Nek, from the Galactic Federation of Worlds, through Megan Rose who again relayed the information.  

The video below is an audio version of an article published on Sept 27, 2021, and narrated by the author Dr. Michael Salla. 

Update 2: Michael Salla - Interesting synchronicity. 

Today I received Ben Fulford's latest update. His sources are telling him a major East/West agreement has just been reached involving China, which has joined a massive tech project to improve the planet. 

That corroborates the update just received from Val Nek about China joining the Earth Alliance, and now working for common purposes for planetary defense, building a planetary starfleet, mass producing and releasing advanced healing technologies, etc. 

This kind of independent corroboration is always helpful when trying to substantiate events taking place behind the scenes.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

“Abandon Earth”: The Alleged Message Received by Voyager 2

An alleged alien binary code message was downloaded by a US NCO, and appears to contain a shocking warning to humanity.

The famous American researcher Linda Moulton Howe translated some of these binary codes thanks to the support of a US Army sergeant.

It was launched on August 20, 1977 by NASA aboard the Titan-Centaur rocket, just before its sister probe, Voyager 1, in an orbit that would eventually take it to visit the main planets of the Solar System.

But during its journey through the solar system, the probe was allegedly tampered with, and it suddenly changed the encoding of messages sent to Earth.

The anomaly began on April 22, 2010 and among the most disturbing hypotheses, they relate it to an extraterrestrial sabotage. 

CJ’s message reads as follows:

Continuing protection of humanity 49.27n
11.5e. Exposing Hidden Knowledge to ALL Citizens’ Advancement Imperative for Planetary Survival
Orion Attention 1,350.3 39,170
Avoid Sending (Signals) or Messages

NASA expert Kevin Baines, who is leading the mission, said that “it appeared that someone had taken control of the spacecraft and reprogrammed the probe, so we may not yet know the whole truth.”

Later, Kevin Baines reported that the probe was located about 15 billion kilometers from Earth and suddenly began sending data in a language that none of the experts could understand.

This can only happen in one case: “someone has changed the probe’s communication system”, and if so, we would be talking about another civilization that is navigating the cosmos.

From an analysis performed by the reception of Voyager 2’s encrypted signals, it was observed with amazement that the binary code of the probe’s communication system was changed from 0 to 1.

NASA noted that the rest of the probe’s onboard system had not undergone any modifications – reboot, reprogramming, and reboot – and therefore work continues as usual.

But what seems to have changed is the communication system … that has sent a message to Earth that supposedly says: “Leave Earth.”

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

Mars Helicopter Spots Martian 'Road' In Glorious New Photo

The latest picture from Ingenuity reveals a stunning look at Mars' South Séítah region — and further proves why the helicopter is so special.

‘ONZE' OORTWOLK TELT MOGELIJK MEER INTERSTELLAIRE BEZOEKERS DAN INHEEMSE OBJECTEN

Vivian Lammerse

Bronmateriaal:

• "Interstellar comets like Borisov may not be all that rare" - Harvard-Smithsonian Center For Astrophysics
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: NASA, ESA and D. Jewitt (UCLA)

ALLE GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, uitgekozen en gepost door peter2011

{ https://www.scientias.nl/ }

8 Ancient Chinese Inventions the West Had Not Imagined

According to the statistics provided by the World Economic Forum, nowadays China can boast its position as the world’s second largest spender on scientific research and development, yielding only to the United States.

Yet, surprisingly enough, China is not only a producer but also an inventor of a great many things and even technologies that the US and much older nations use daily.

When numerous tribes were searching for the best lands all across Europe and couldn’t even imagine that the Atlantic Ocean separated them from the other large continents, the Chinese civilization was establishing, developing, and revolutionizing oriental science and technology.

Of course, China can’t be credited with the invention of the mobile phone, Internet or other modern technologies. But what this nation did give to the whole of humanity thousands of years ago advanced different industries and improved different aspects of human life. What’s more, the influence of all those ingenious ancient Chinese inventions can be tracked even to the 21st century.

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Today, we all can enjoy flavorful Chinese teas, present exquisite Chinese porcelain to connoisseurs, be amazed by the intricacy of Chinese silk, and improve our health with the help of Chinese medical traditions and advancements.

However, that’s just a tiny part of the enormous heritage that ancient China left for the global future.

Documenting the Chinese Contribution

Dr. Joseph Needham was one of the first and most prominent Western scientists who tried to shed light on Chinese achievements and contributions to the development of our whole world. The British biochemist and historian became captivated by China’s attitude and approach to science and technology after his trip to this country in 1942.

Needham’s admiration for Chinese history, culture and language, as well as his extraordinary intelligence, led him to work on a huge project, now widely known as “ Science and Civilization in China ”.

It comprises 27 published books in 7 volumes on the subject and covers each and every aspect: from mathematics to medicine.

Science and Civilisation in China (Chinese translation) by Joseph Needham.

( CC BY-SA 3.0 )

Joseph Needham enthusiastically described dozens of ancient Chinese inventions which were (and remain) widely used in the Western world that one couldn’t even imagine they actually had come from the Far East.

So, what did this centuries-old, wise, and still mysterious civilization give us for nothing, literally?

Paper, Toilet Paper, Paper Money, and the Menu

The invention of paper allowed the invention of the other three helpful things mentioned here. So, let’s put all four of them into one category – paper invention.

Europeans were buying papyrus from Egypt and using parchment for all those centuries when the Chinese were enjoying real paper. Although it didn’t look quite like the modern paper we are used to writing on, it turned out to be a more convenient and durable material.

Historical records attribute the invention of papermaking to Cai Lun, a eunuch of the emperor’s court. Although it’s officially acknowledged that papermaking was born in AD 105, recent investigations have traced it back to the 2nd century BC.

Some may argue that papyrus had been produced in Egypt since 3000 BC and served its purpose well for many centuries. However, in the 14th-15th centuries Europe also opted for paper. And this choice speaks for itself.

Obviously, if China invented papermaking, it must be the creator of… toilet paper. The first recorded use of it dates back to AD 851, during the Tang dynasty. But it was the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) when the popularity of toilet paper among the imperial court increased.

In the Western world toilet paper became commercially available only in the second half on the 19th century, after it was “reinvented” by Joseph C. Gayetty in 1857.

In the 9th century AD the Chinese started using paper to print money. The first paper bills served as credit or exchange notes. Merchants could receive them for deposing metal coins, without any losses in the value of “cash”.

A printing plate and banknote. The Yuan dynasty. 

(CC BY-SA 3.0 )

China has always been a grand trader, welcoming merchants and adventurers from all around the world. The large number of foreigners who couldn’t speak the Chinese language is said to be the reason for inventing… a restaurant menu as early as the times of the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Chinese already had paper, so using it to make menus was a reasonable idea, wasn’t it?

Printing

Despite the availability of much earlier artifacts of printing in the Far East, the Diamond Sutra is considered to be the very first book printed on paper at regular size. According to the records, it was made in AD 868, during the Tang dynasty. At that time woodblock printing was gaining popularity, simplifying the spread of religious texts without modifications.

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A page from the Diamond Sutra, the world’s first printed book. 

(Public Domain )

Early masters put ink on an inscribed wooden block. The ink rolled over the surface of characters carved into the wood. After printing, a reversed picture of the wooden block was left on paper that took the ink easily. A single block could produce about 20,000 copies.

One century later Bi Sheng upgraded this technique by introducing movable type printing. Movable individual characters, carved on clay pieces and hardened with fire, could be attached to an iron plate to print one page of text. It was then broken up and reorganized to print another page.

By the way, Johann Gutenberg used almost the same technology to print the first Bible in the 1450s.

Alcohol

The 2004 research by University of Pennsylvania claimed that the Chinese might have been the first nation to discover fermentation and distillation processes used to create alcohol. The team of scientists studied dried organic materials that they found in ancient jars. The results of a complex analysis allowed them to state that the Chinese drank alcoholic beverages as early as 9,000 years ago.

Traditional Chinese rice wine containers.

( Pantira /Adobe Stock)

The legend has it that Yi Di, the wife of Yu the Great, who was the emperor of the mystical dynasty Xia, was the first to prepare an alcoholic drink for her husband. That might have happened around 2000 BC.

So, the history of wine and beer making takes its roots from China, which nowadays is, ironically, not so well known for the production and export of alcohol.

Forks

Surely, chopsticks make an integral part of Chinese exotica. But the finds from the recent excavation of the tomb of Qin Shihuang, the first non-mythical emperor of China (259 BC - 210 BC), prove that the Chinese created forks of quite a modern design many hundreds of years ago. Why the Chinese didn’t and don’t use them is another question.

Nonetheless, the West can thank this nation for their creativity and practicality. At the end of the day, it’s quite difficult for us to imagine our traditional breakfasts and dinners without forks.

Compass

Arab traders are likely to have brought the compass to Europe. Thus, our distant ancestors started using it in navigation to find the right direction in the stormy seas and to discover new lands.

However, the compass is one of the greatest ancient Chinese inventions. It was created around the 3rd century BC and initially used by… fortunetellers. Chinese navigators began to use it in ships not earlier than during the Song dynasty, that is around the 10th century AD.

Chinese compass of the Han dynasty. 

(CC BY-SA 3.0 )

By the way, unlike the modern compass that points north, the ancient Chinese compass pointed south. The “needle” of the Chinese compass was made from lodestone in the form of a spoon. Lodestone naturally points south, and that gave Chinese sailors an additional strategic advantage: south is always the direction of the sun when it’s midday. So there’s no wonder why smart Chinese navigation became a model for the whole world.

• The South-Pointing Chariot: This Ancient Chinese Invention Led Armies In a Unique and Impressive Way
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Mechanical Clock

The prototype of our mechanical watches and clocks existed first in China too. Its creator was Buddhist monk Yi Xing. He came up with the first model of the mechanical clock in AD 725, two centuries before the idea of it struck Westerners.

According to his design, dripping water powered a big wheel which made one full revolution in one day – 24 hours.

During the Song dynasty, official Su Song modernized the clock so it could tell not only the time of the day but also the day of the month, the phase of the Moon, and the positions of some stars and planets. Su Song built a clock tower and added a chain-driven mechanism to the sophisticated system of gears and wheels that made the clock turn.

Earthquake Detector

We may know it better as a seismograph, though almost 2,000 years ago it looked more like a beautiful bronze vase. What was its secret?

Zhang Heng’s seismometer . 

(Muséum de Toulouse/ CC BY-ND 2.0 )

Inside the vessel there is a pendulum that can be moved by an earth tremor. The swing of the pendulum sets in motion the internal levers inside the vessel. This triggers the release of a small ball held by a dragon that faces the direction of the epicenter of the tremor. This ball falls into the mouth of a frog right below it, hence heralding the danger.

In China earthquakes are frequent, so the stylish device did stand this country in good stead for hundreds of years.

The Western prototype of the modern seismograph was designed in Persia in the 13th century and in France no earlier than in the beginning of the 18th century.

Rockets

China’s recent achievements in space exploration are impressive. Probably, in the 3rd century AD the inventors of rockets couldn’t even dream that their descendants would once see the Earth from the skies. But the memory and historical records about their innovation inspired distant generations to build huge and powerful spacecrafts.

Drawing of an early Mongolian soldier lighting a rocket.

( Public Domain )

But let’s go back to the ancient times and see how it worked there.

The counter-force, required to set a rocket in motion, was produced by ignited gunpowder, which is actually another Chinese invention. For example, during the Song dynasty, the Chinese stuffed a paper tube with gunpowder and attached this tube to an arrow that they could launch with a bow.

Obviously, such invention was widely used in military. But it also became an integral part of traditional Chinese entertainment – fireworks.

• Top image: Great Wall of China, China.
• Source: By Hanson Lu on Unsplash

By Daria Shatsylo.

{https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

New Bedford UFO Sighting Near Buttonwood Park Over the Weekend

A video was sent to the WBSM Facebook page that we could not help but take a closer look at.

Cam Fortes sent us a video that his brother, Noah recorded on Saturday, September 25. Noah told us that the video was taken around 7:30 p.m. near Buttonwood Park in New Bedford. The flashing lights appear to be hovering over the CVS on Kempton Street.

Over the chorus of Rupert Holmes' "Escape (The Pina Colada Song)," you can hear Noah say that the two flashing lights are moving in sync. The video was less than 10 seconds, but that was enough to intrigue us about these two flashing orange orbs.

“They almost seemed like they were levitating and just standing still almost,” Fortes said. “I wish I got more footage, but they were just moving in sync. They were orange orbs and they were diagonal from each other. It was honestly quite weird how in sync they were!”

WBSM reached out to Scot Servis, the Airport Manager at New Bedford Regional Airport, for some insight on the video.

"My vote is a drone, but with the green lights either disabled or covered,” Servis said. “If it was a helicopter, you would have heard it. It's moving too slow to be an airplane. Just my two cents."

A drone would make sense as you might not be able to hear it depending on how high it was elevated above you. And the restrictions on lights for drones is not as carefully regulated as a plane or helicopter would be.

This is the second UFO sighting reported to our radio station since Tuesday, September 21. The first one was captured by Jordan Costa and Donna Santos outside of their home in Westport.

{  https://wbsm.com/ }

Encounters with mysterious, glowing balls of light – ones that have the mystifying ability to change into the forms of strange and savage creatures – have been reported on more than a few occasions in Texas. A classic example is the large body of data that surrounds a certain huge area of forest in Texas. As someone who is proud to call the Dallas-Fort Worth area my home, I am all too well aware that many people think and assume that Texas is just one big desert. In reality, however, that’s far from the case. Yes, West Texas is extremely flat and filled with almost endless fields of cotton. And, it’s also true that South Texas has its fair share of harsh and scalding landscapes. However, Central, North, and East Texas are very different: they are dominated by thick forestland that extends for miles and miles…and miles. Indeed, a 2011 Forest Inventory and Analysis report prepared by the Texas Forest Service revealed that Texas’ woods ran to 62.4 million acres, and which cover almost forty percent of the state. And it’s to one particular area of dense woodland that we have to turn our attention to. Its name: the Big Thicket.

(Nick Redfern)

Located in the Piney Woods area of East Texas, the Big Thicket has a most apt moniker: it is a huge, 83,000-acre area of woodland. “Dense” barely begins to describe the massive, forested environment, which is home to numerous wild animals, including alligators and bobcats – as well as to other creatures of a very odd kind, as we’ll soon see. Running through the heart of the Big Thicket is a long, thin, and incredibly sandy old road called Bragg Road. That’s not what the locals call it, though. To them, it is known as Ghost Light Road. Or, just Ghost Road. There is a very good reason for this: for at least three centuries, people have reported seeing weird, small balls of light flitting through the trees late at night. But, we’re not talking about anything quite as down to earth as fireflies. These particular lights vary in size from – approximately – a tennis ball to a beach ball. They also exhibit evidence of intelligence: witnesses describe the lights approaching them, even circling them, in what is occasionally perceived as a playful fashion. Such is the interest that the lights provoke in the people that live there, and in visitors too, a historical marker has been erected at the start of Bragg Road and which details the strange story of the lights.

(Nick Redfern) Nick Redfern and the late Rob Riggs

The late Rob Riggs was a well-known figure in the Bigfoot research field and someone who spent a significant portion of his life living in the Big Thicket area. Riggs collected numerous reports of the mysterious ghost lights, dating back to the 1800s. But, Riggs did far more than that: he also catalogued an astonishing number of reports of what seemed to be Bigfoot and large, black leopards. I say “seemed to be” for a very good reason. While most people who have reported seeing large black cats, and who have had hairy wild-man type encounters in the Big Thicket, the vast majority are content to conclude they encountered animals of the type that very few ever get to encounter. But, not all of them. A small body of individuals have sworn that the large cats and the hairy humanoids – when spotted by the astonished and sometimes terrified onlookers – vanished before their eyes. We’re not talking about them making hasty getaways into the woods. Rather, we are talking about the “animals” – in an instant – changing form from big cat and Bigfoot to a small, brightly-lit globe of light. The ghost lights that have been staple parts of the area for centuries, of course.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }