Artificial Intelligence to watch over embryos outside the womb

TRUNEWS with RICK WILES Researchers in Suzhou have developed an AI system able to monitor and take care of embryos as they grow into babies in the lab. Technology won’t be a problem for its future application, but legal and ethical concerns might, warns Beijing-based researcher. Researchers in Suzhou, in China’s eastern Jiangsu province, say they have developed an artificial intelligence system that can monitor and take care of embryos as they grow into fetuses in an artificial womb environment.

This AI nanny is looking after many animal embryos for now, they said in findings published in the domestic peer-reviewed Journal of Biomedical Engineering last month. Previously, the development process of each embryo had to be observed, documented and adjusted manually – a labor-intensive task that became unsustainable as the scale of the research increased. The robotic system or “nanny” now created can monitor the embryos in unprecedented detail, as it moves up and down the line around the clock, the research paper says. AI technology helps the machine detect the smallest signs of change on the embryos and fine-tune the carbon dioxide, nutrition and environmental inputs.

The system can even rank the embryos by health and development potential. When an embryo develops a major defect or dies, the machine would alert a technician to remove it from the womblike receptacle. Current international laws prohibit experimental studies on human embryos beyond two weeks of development. However, research on the later stages is important because “there are still many unsolved mysteries about the physiology of typical human embryonic development”, Sun and his colleagues say in their paper.

The technology would “not only help further understand the origin of life and embryonic development of humans, but also provide a theoretical basis for solving birth defects and other major reproductive health problems”, they add. www.trunews.com

(Photo : Pixabay)

Artificial intelligence is a technology that helps a machine detect the tiniest indications of change on the embryos and modify the nutrition, carbon dioxide and environmental inputs.

Image: Unsplash/Representative

Source: 

• https://www.trunews.com/stream/artificial-intelligence-to-watch-over-embryos-outside-the-womb

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What They Captured In Spain Shocked the Whole World

Spain is one of the most attractive tourists locations in the world. It offers a variety of interesting places to explore and activities to indulge in for everyone. Whether you feel like is resting and relaxing on your trip or plan to pursue adventure. You can enjoy your trip as per your taste and desires. Here you can find unique things like whistling languages of islands and grown-up men jumping over newborns in a festival. In today’s video we will talk about the strangest things that are found in Spain.

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Glowing Object Over Alta, Norway. February 10, 2022, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Feb 10, 2022
Location of sighting: Alta, Norway
Source: 

• https://www.altaposten.no/nyheter/i/8QLKKd/filmet-spektakulaer-ildkule-den-kom-i-en-vanvittig-fart-over-himmelen?jwsource=cl

The glowing object was seen over Norway yesterday. The object was caught shooting across the sky and at one point seemed to break into two balls before disappearing in the distance (seen in video). If this was a meteor you should have fallen. It's like gravity has zero effect on it. The object has its own propulsion in order to say that high without falling. Thats no meteor, thats a UFO! 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Norway News states: 

Filmed fireball over Alta:

- It is conceivable that it has gone into space again Magnus Johnsen saw a green line fly across the sky, fished up his mobile phone and filmed it all. On Thursday around 2.25 pm, a fireball suddenly appeared on the sky, with a direction from north to south. Magnus Johnsen was standing at the exit from the House, opposite Alta upper secondary school, when he became aware of what was happening in the sky.

- I was parked outside high school, and was really just sitting in my own world when I saw a green line come across the sky. I picked up the phone and started filming, says Johnsen. - What were you thinking when you saw this?

- I really just thought "what is this every day?" And then that I had to film this. It came so low and at an insane speed too. So then I just had to film it. Reports have been received from several teams around the incident. Several took to social media with questions and to share their experiences and witness observations. Hans Idar Haldorsen also captured the fireball on film. He was in Peska when the dashcam in the car accidentally got the light phenomenon on film. Probably a meteor Kjell Bøen, head of the science and technology department at Andøya space center, is not aware of any activity that could shed light on what created the fireball over Alta on Thursday.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Earth Size Cube Shoots Out Of Sun! Feb 11, 2022, UFO Sighting News. 

Date of sighting: Feb 11, 2022

Location of sighting: Earths Sun

Source:

• NASA/SOHO https://helioviewer.org

Guys, this is not your usual UFO by any means. Its a cube and its the size of Earth! SOHO viewer has a size comparison chart...and its the exact same size as Earth. So...this UFO is huge. Its shooting out of the sun and its leaving a trial of solar material behind it. Whats really cool about this photo is that its 100% proof of intelligent life. What I mean is, look at the line of solar material leading up to the UFO...it makes a 45 degree turn! Thats is impossible for any natural object to do in space, however, a spacecraft could do it. Its not the first time I have recorded such a craft near our sun. I have seen similar craft since 2010, which is included in the video I made below. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Early in the movie “Planet of the Apes,” human astronaut George Taylor is shot in the throat by gorillas, but his life is saved by two chimpanzee doctors: Dr. Zira and Dr. Galen. That simple act reveals that the apes have crossed the traditional ‘line in the sand’ separating humans from animals – empathy … which they demonstrate by their prosocial occupations as doctors who voluntarily treat the ailments of others of their species. While apes and monkeys have shown actions that appear to demonstrate treating their own wounds or gastric ailments, they’ve never been seen attempting to heal others … until now.

Tell us more.

“In 2019, I was following a female chimpanzee named Suzee, and watched as she tended to the injured foot of her adolescent son, Sia. I noticed that she appeared to have something between her lips that she then applied to the wound on Sia’s foot. Later that evening, I re-watched my videos and saw that Suzee had first reached out to catch something which she put between her lips and then directly onto the open wound on Sia’s foot.”

In a study published in the journal Current Biology, Alessandra Mascaro, a volunteer at the Ozouga Chimpanzee Project in Gabon, West Africa, describes the shocking scenario she witnessed of a mother chimp treating a wound on her adolescent son’s foot with a chewed insect. It’s fortunate she was able to record the event because her superiors have been watching this group of chimpanzees for 7 years and had never seen anything like this. In fact, no one has.

While they had observed many instances of self-medication with chewed insects, Simone Pika, a cognitive biologist at Osnabrück University and Mascaro’s supervisor, says this was the first example of prosocial behavior in chimps. Even more shocking – it was far from the only one. A week after Mascaro observed it, PhD student Lara Southern watch an adult male named Freddy do it again. Over the course of 15 months, they witnessed 22 events of chimps treating their own wound or on another individual with masticated bugs. Then Southern observed a new twist.

“An adult male, Littlegrey, had a deep open wound on his shin and Carol, an adult female, who had been grooming him, suddenly reached out to catch an insect. What struck me most was that she handed it to Littlegrey, he applied it to his wound and subsequently Carol and two other adult chimpanzees also touched the wound and moved the insect on it. The three unrelated chimpanzees seemed to perform these behaviours solely for the benefit of their group member.”

Did you read about this in Silverback’s Anatomy?

This was not just treatment — this was nursing care, post-op and therapy by a group of chimps towards a non-related sick individual – it doesn’t get more prosocial or empathetic than that. Behavior like this has rarely been seen in non-humans and this group provides an on-going operating theater for humans to observe chimp medical treatments and recovery. While the psychologists will watch the chimps to track who gives and who receives the ‘treatments’ and how this knowledge and empathy is passed on to others, the biologists hope to sample the chewed insects to determine what gives them the healing power that so many chimps know about and use. Finally, they hope to branch out to other chimp groups to see if this is localized behavior or if empathy can now be ascribed to all chimps.

If chimps are prosocial, what about gorillas? Monkeys?

Have they crossed a line into the Planet of the Apes?

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Parents generally want their children attending college to major in a field that will pay well and not embarrass their friends when they get together and discuss what their kids are up to. If you’re one of those parents, what would you say if they came home and announced their chosen field of study is Unidentified Aerial Phenomena? Would you fling something unidentified aerially at the wall? Well, get ready – a school in Germany has become the first high-profile western university to recognize UAPs as a legitimate field of academic research. Can you get tickets to the graduation ceremony for ETs?

“The Interdisciplinary Research Center for Extraterrestrial Science (IFEX) is an interdisciplinary scientific institute of the Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the JMU. It was founded with the aim of intensifying and institutionalizing cooperation between the people and institutions involved.”

If it helps convince your parents you’re serious about studying UFOs, the press release states the coursework is part of the math and computer science departments at Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg. Founded in 1402, it’s one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Germany and the source of over a dozen Nobel prize winners in the sciences. Will there be a Nobel someday for Unidentified Aerial Phenomena?

“IFEX members develop technologies to explore space, objects in our solar system, stars and galaxies. They also keep an eye on signs of extraterrestrial life and extraterrestrial intelligence.”

Julius Maximilian University has an excellent reputation and will provide students with access to the Max Planck Society, the German Aerospace Center, the Federal Aviation Office and the German weather service for their studies. While he doesn’t have a Nobel (yet), the chairman of IFEX is Hakan Kayal, a professor of aerospace engineering and space technology who was in the news recently for demonstrating his new SkyCAM-5 camera system installed on the roof of a university building which uses artificial intelligence to search for and photograph UFOs and weed out non-UFOs.

“The step of including the UAP/UFO topic into the research canon of a German university or academic-scientific institution represents a paradigm shift in the previous handling of these phenomena – not only in Germany but worldwide.”

Will this be on the exam?

A number of schools have included information on UAPs and the search for extraterrestrial life in individual classes, usually in the fields of astronomy or astrobiology, but none has a complete program. Is it because there is little demand? That may be changing in the growing increase in interest generated by the establishment of new government programs in the U.S. to track UFOs and the acceptance of the subject by the mainstream media. The main resistance is more likely to come from scientists, as a spokesperson for the Max Planck Society explained.

“ ( This field is) not a topic for basic research.”

In response to the announcement of IFEX, the German Aerospace Center (the country’s national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research) said “there is no need to undertake such (research) activities.”

What would your parents think? What would YOU think if your child wanted to pursue studies in Unidentified Aerial Phenomena? Would you check to see how much Giorgio A. Tsoukalos makes? ($4 million per year.)

NOW what’s your answer?

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Mars, our nearest planetary neighbor in the Solar-System, is approximately forty million miles from the Earth and one hundred and forty two million miles from the Sun. Not particularly big in size, it is dwarfed by all of the planets except for Mercury. At the other end of the spectrum, however, Mars is home to the gigantic Olympus Mons, which is the biggest volcano in the entire Solar System. The huge amount of iron oxide on Mars gives it a noticeable – famous, even – reddish color, hence its memorable nickname: the Red Planet. It has a blood-freezing average temperature of -81 degrees F, and its decidedly harsh atmosphere is comprised almost exclusively of carbon dioxide; aside, that is, from a small amount of water vapor. There is no denying the fact that dusty, rocky, desert-like Mars is a very interesting world: for one thing, it has polar ice-caps. And those ice-caps are comprised of water. Yes, good old water; just like ours. Not only that, the amount of water on Mars is huge. And I do not exaggerate when I use the word “huge.”

(NASA)

NASA’s current estimates suggest that if all of the Martian water was melted, there would be enough to cover the entire planet up to a height of around thirty-five feet, which is undeniably amazing. The planet’s days are strikingly similar to ours, in terms of length: Mars’ days last for twenty-four hours and thirty-seven minutes. Mars’ year, however, runs for six hundred and eighty-seven days. With that said, what about the anomalies on Mars? There are most definitely more than a few of them. With that said, let’s look at an eerie-looking face on the Red Planet. Interestingly, I’m not talking about the famous “Face on Mars” that was found at Cydonia in the 1970s. I’m talking about another eerie Face on Mars. “The Crowned Face” is what I’m talking about. A photo taken in the Libya Montes area – a ring of mountains on Mars – by the Mars Global Surveyor appears to show a large face, with a pointed chin, a pair of eyes and a nose. Also, what appears to be crown-like headgear – hence the name that has been attached to it, – whatever “it” may be. Moving on…

(NASA)

In 1968, the acclaimed sci-fi epic, 2001: A Space Odyssey – the work of producer and director, Stanley Kubrick – hit cinemas all around the world and raked in close to $200 Million. In the opening segment of the movie we see a tribe of primitive, early “ape-men” fighting for survival in the harsh landscape of what is now the continent of Africa – albeit in the film it plays out millions of years ago. One day the tribe awakes to find that overnight a strange, black-colored monolith has appeared in their very midst. In no time at all, the intelligence levels of the creatures are increased by, it appears, the monolith itself. The implication is that something of an extraterrestrial nature has kick-started human civilization into what will eventually be high gear. As amazing and as unbelievable as it may sound, a monolith has been photographed on the surface of one of Mars’ moons, Phobos.

A case of fact eerily mirroring fiction? Well, that very much depends on one’s own opinion.We have a man named Efrain Palermo to thank for bringing this incredible matter to light. As someone with a deep interest in Mars and its moons, he decided to make an extensive review of the many pictures that NASA had secured from its Mars Global Surveyor in 1998. Palermo was amazed by what he found. He said that while studying one particular image from Phobos “…my eye caught something sticking up out of the surface.” As to what that “something”” was, Palermo added: “I downloaded it into Photoshop and zoomed into that area, and there it was, an apparent cylindrical shaped object casting a longish shadow and having a slanted roof.”

(NASA)

Now, let us take a careful look at some of the other imagery that has been collected, studied and placed into the public domain as evidence that there was (and possibly still is) life on Mars. One particular case – that I personally think has a high degree of merit attached to it – concerns what has become known as the “facehugger photograph.” Taken in July 2015 by NASA’s Curiosity Rover, it appears to show a strange creature that looks astonishingly like the monstrous face-invading creatures that appear in the phenomenally successful series of Alien movies. They starred Sigourney Weaver as Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley and reaped in an incredible amount of dollars. The story broke in early August 2015. The headlines were predictably sensational. The U.K.’s Metro newspaper ran with the story and titled their feature as follows: “Crab-like alien ‘facehugger’ is seen crawling out of a cave on Mars.” Now, onto Mars’ distant past.

May 22, 1984 was one of the most significant of all days in the incredible quest to seek out the truth of intelligent, alien life on Mars. So, why weren’t we, the public, told all about it? How come the story wasn’t splashed across the front pages of the world’s newspapers? Why weren’t major TV news networks on top of it? The answer to all of those questions is both controversial and amazing: the entire affair was deliberately shrouded in blankets upon blankets of secrecy. And who was responsible for ensuring that the secrecy remained intact? None other than the Central Intelligence Agency: the CIA. Operating out of its headquarters at Langley, Virginia, the CIA – for reasons that, decades later, still remain unclear – decided that it was vital to try and determine if Mars was a dead world, a planet teeming with life, or somewhere in between. The biggest question is: why would the CIA want to go and remote-view Mars’ ancient past? That’s exactly what the CIA did. The CIA’s remote-viewing team saw images (across seven studies of Mars) of planet-wide destruction in the distant past, of human-like giants who were not too different to us, and of pyramid-like structures. Indeed, Mars is a very intriguing world. It’s likely to stay like that.

(NASA) Note: NASA’s stance on its photos is that its material is not protected by copyright, unless if specified.

These photos are free for use.

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Native American 'Hopewell' Civilization WIPED OUT By Catastrophic Asteroid Striking North America! - Mike Adams Must Video

This is the fall of Babylon. Read the most brutal chapter in the book of Isaiah Chapter 13. That is referring to THEM. We are JACOB. GET OUT OF BABYLON! – and that is a SPIRITUAL exit: movies, tv, their satanic music, etc….

Here’s a sample:
4 The sound of a tumult is on the mountains as of a great multitude! The sound of an uproar of kingdoms, of nations gathering together! The Lord of hosts is mustering a host for battl

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

First-Ever Fully Autonomous DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Takes To The Skies Without Pilot In Frightening Harbinger Of Soulless Robot Armies

A fully autonomous DARPA Black Hawk helicopter has taken to the skies over the US without a human pilot on board for the first time in modern history.

In most dystopian visions of the future, we picture pilotless aircraft flying overhead using laser-guided missiles to destroy as legions of robot soldiers go from house to house, stomping on citizens who are trying in vain to plead for their lives. This week, a Black Hawk helicopter, using software and hardware created in a joint alliance between super-secret Army research group DARPA and Lockheed Martin, successfully flew without a human pilot, completing the mission and landing itself without a hitch.

“Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvellously: for I will work a work in your days, which ye will not believe, though it be told you.” Habakkuk 1:5 (KJB)

This is the world, pulled from the pages of Revelation, that is rushing towards us at a thousand miles per hour, without absolutely no hope of it missing its target. Autonomous vehicles are a must in the coming economy of Antichrist where, without the Mark of the Beast, you will not be allowed access to anything, especially not to your vehicles that could be used to fight against him. In the meantime, this technology is being sold as something that will create better ‘safety  and security’, cutting down on crashes and accidents, and I’m sure it will be a blessing, right up to the moment it’s not.

• DARPA REVEALS $65 MILLION ‘MATRIX’ PROGRAM TO PLUG SOLDIERS BRAINS DIRECTLY INTO A COMPUTER

Fully autonomous DARPA Black Hawk helicopter takes to the skies without a pilot for the first time

FROM THE DAILY MAIL UK: A partnership between Lockheed Martin Sikorsky and the Defence Armed Research Projects Agency (DARPA), it took off from Fort Campbell in Kentucky on February 5. Without anyone on board, the UH-60A Black Hawk completed a 30 minute flight above the US army installation, with a second flight held on February 7. It comes with an optionally piloted cockpit, that has to be switched from pilot, to autonomous mode – allowing an onboard computer brain to control the vehicle.

During the flight the Aircrew Labor In-Cockpit Automation System (ALIAS) autonomous pilot was presented with a series of simulated obstacles to overcome. It had to execute a series of pedal turns, maneuvers and straightaways before carrying out a perfect landing back on the Fort Campbell runway – without any human intervention. The autonomous helicopter could be used to deliver supplies to dangerous war zones, or recover soldiers without risking a pilot.

‘This historic BLACK HAWK flight marks the first time that a UH-60 has flown autonomously and builds on recent demonstrations at the U.S. Army’s Project Convergence 2021,’ a Lockheed Martin spokesperson said in a statement.

Once it had shut itself down and the blades had stopped spinning, a pair of pilots entered the vehicle, switched it back to human mode and took it back to base.

This wasn’t the first time the ALIAS system has been tested during a flight, and wasn’t the first time it had been used in a Black Hawk, but was the first time they’d trusted the autopilot to fly and land with no humans as a backup. One example of use could be for pilots flying into an area where visibility suddenly becomes a problem, flipping the switch to autonomous mode allows the ALIAS system to take over, using sensors rather than sight to navigate.

Benjamin Williamson, lead test pilot for the Fort Campbell event, said: ‘This capability will allow pilots to confidently switch back and forth between autonomy and piloted modes at any point of their mission with the literal flip of a switch. This will support autonomous flight during a wide range of missions such as flight in degraded visual environments (DVE) and confined areas. Most critically, ALIAS will be capable of automatically detecting and preventing dangerous situations that lead to accidents, thereby saving lives.’

Most autonomous systems used in aircraft to date have acted as an assistant to pilots, carrying out simple tasks, but leaving complex and unexpected situations to the human.

However, ALIAS turned a basic Black Hawk into an aircraft that is completely autonomous, with the on-board brain able to handle all aspects of flight. This includes pre-flight procedures, including power, secondary control, wind checks and other elements, as well as the flight and landing – even in an emergency. If there had been a problem during the test flight, going as far as both engines failing, it would have found a safe landing spot and touched down, without human input. READ MORE

First Pilotless DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Flight

Sitting on the runway in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, one of Sikorsky’s pilots in an S-70 

 BLACK HAWK® helicopter flips the optionally piloted cockpit switch from two to zero, exits the aircraft and walks across the runway.

The post First-Ever Fully Autonomous DARPA Black Hawk Helicopter Takes To The Skies Without Pilot In Frightening Harbinger Of Soulless Robot Armies appeared first on Now The End Begins.

Source: 

• https://www.nowtheendbegins.com/first-ever-fully-autonomous-black-hawk-helicopter-takes-to-the-skies-without-pilot-frightening-harbinger-soulless-robot-armies-darpa-lockheed-martin/

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Hundreds Of Birds Filmed Hitting The Ground Leaving Dozens Dead & Dieing In Chihuahua, Mexico.

In what could only look like something from a scene of an Alfred Hitchcock movie but no this is real... This was captured on February 7, 2022 on an home CCTV and in the footage we can see hundreds of birds falling out of the sky and leaveing dozens dead with others dieing and a few getting back up and flying off. I know this isn't a UFO or Ghost footage but it's creepy, strange & fascinating all at the same time.

Thanks to Jorge Hits for sharing this footage

Something BIG Just Detected By Scientists.. What’s Lurking Near Our Sun? - secureteam10 (youtube.com)   

NOW THIS Is Terrifying… Plus Unseen UFO Footage Revealed! - secureteam10   

STRANGE ENERGY IN ILLINOIS , UFO IN MEXICO  - #UFO #alert ATLANTICAEVOLUTION     

Tell me What is This…….? 😱 OMG, Jan 27, 2022, Texas, UAP/UFO News | @UFOTV -VIRAL  

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Fact Check: Did NASA Rover Photograph Alien Lying on Martian Rock?

The Ruling

False.

NASA's Perseverance rover did not spot an alien relaxing on a Martian rock. The surface of Mars is completely inhospitable to life as we know it.

Evidence That USAF sergeant Karl R. Wolfe Once Saw Structures On Moon, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Feb 11, 2022
Location of discovery: Earths moon
Photo Source: 

• https://www.flickr.com/photos/terraform-mars/50770974767

Guys there was a USAF seargeant that goes by the name of Karl Wolfe, who saw NASA photos of structures on the dark side of the moon. Sure you have heard about that, but as I went through this photo. I found some structures that boggle the mind. They look very advanced...so advanced they we bio-mechanically grown! Yeah thats a thing for aliens. Aliens do not have the time and often use this method to create a living structure that is genetically designed to create living environments suitable for their species. 

 

Karl Wolf dedicated much of his life talking about the incident and trying to explain what he saw. I really wish he was alive today so he could help us identify with 100% accuracy which ones were structures, but...I did my best and I know these are alien structures. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

On 2022-02-03 NASA's SOHO - EIT284 satellite captured an enormous rectangular spacecraft above the sun. 

The outlines of the UFO are clearly visible. Did this craft come to the sun to harvest energy?

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Really fast UFO sighting over northern parts of Norway, 2022 – Norwegian mainstream medias reports!

This UFO sighting came in a mainstream news in Norway recently. Here are few updates from Norwegian medias:

• Reports of no sound.

• Norwegian Military says it does not have anything flying in the area.

• Morten Bliet in Norsk meteornettverk says it’s “highly irregular.” And he continues: “Meteors usually burns up or disintegrate before it comes as low as the thing is on the video”

From Nordlys, a Norwegian newspaper:

We showed the video to Paal Brekke at the Norwegian Space Agency. He finds it difficult to conclude.

• “It goes very fast as you say, but in still image it looks like a plane.”
• “Do not think that it has a long enough tail to be satellite or space junk, but you should never say never.”
• “It is unlikely that it is one of the satellites to SpaceX. That space station (translation probably means orbit) does not go that far north, and thus it is probably unlikely that this is what has been observed over Finnmark.”

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Talk about a sauro-throat! Diplodocid discovered in Montana had a RESPIRATORY INFECTION 150 million years ago – and likely 'felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick', study finds

• New research suggests that dinosaurs may have been struck down with colds

• Diplodocid remains provide first evidence of respiratory infection in a dinosaur

• Named 'Dolly', it was found in Montana in 1990 and dates back 150 million years

• Scientists said irregular neck protrusions likely formed in response to infection

By SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

It's never nice being under the weather with a sore throat.

But it's not just us humans who have suffered with colds throughout history — a new study suggests that the dinosaurs were also struck down with them. 

Researchers said the fossilised remains of a young diplodocid, which was a large, long-necked herbivorous sauropod, provide the first evidence of a respiratory infection in a dinosaur.

They added that the Brontosaurus-like creature probably experienced similar symptoms to humans — coughing, trouble breathing, and a fever — and 'likely felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick'.

The specimen, nicknamed 'Dolly', was discovered in Montana in 1990 and dates back to the Late Jurassic Period around 150 million years ago. 

Researchers said the fossilised remains of a young diplodocid, which was a large, long-necked herbivorous sauropod, may provide the first evidence of a respiratory infection in a dinosaur

Scientists said irregular bony protrusions found in Dolly's neck likely formed in response to an infection. They think this could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that affects birds and reptiles and can lead to bone infections

WHAT WERE DIPLODOCIDS?

Diplodocids were a group of sauropod dinosaurs which included some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth.

Some of the large, long-necked creatures, which count Diplodocus and Supersaurus as family members, were up to 112ft (34 metres) long.

While their necks were long, their legs most certainly were not.

Described by some as the 'dachshund' of the giant dinosaurs, diplodocids had short legs, with the rear ones longer than the front.

This gave their back a distinctive slope towards the neck.

Their diet is thought to have involved grazing on ferns and horsetails.

The specimen in this study by the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Montana, nicknamed 'Dolly', was discovered in the state in 1990 and dates back to the Late Jurassic Period around 150 million years ago. 

Cary Woodruff and colleagues from the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Montana examined three of the bones from Dolly's neck and identified never-before-seen abnormal bony protrusions which had an unusual shape and texture. 

These protrusions were found in an area of each bone where they would have been attached to air-filled structures, known as air sacs, which connected to the lungs and formed part of the dinosaur's respiratory system. 

CT imaging of the irregular protrusions revealed that they were made of abnormal bone that most likely formed in response to an infection.

Based on their location, the researchers believe the abnormal bony protrusions formed in response to an infection in Dolly's air sacs, which then spread into its neck bones. 

They think this could have been caused by a fungal infection similar to aspergillosis, a common respiratory illness that affects birds and reptiles and can lead to bone infections. 

If Dolly had been infected with aspergillosis, the researchers said, it may have experienced flu or pneumonia-like symptoms such as weight loss, coughing, fever and breathing difficulties. 

Not only that, but because aspergillosis can be fatal in birds if untreated, they believe Dolly could ultimately have died from it.

'Given the likely symptoms this animal suffered from, holding these infected bones in your hands, you can't help but feel sorry for Dolly,' said Woodruff. 

'We've all experienced these same symptoms — coughing, trouble breathing, a fever, etc. — and here's a 150-million-year-old dinosaur that likely felt as miserable as we all do when we're sick.' 

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In addition to documenting the first occurrence of such a respiratory infection in a dinosaur, the authors said their study also had important anatomical implications for the respiratory system of sauropod dinosaurs.

'This fossil infection in Dolly not only helps us trace the evolutionary history of respiratory-related diseases back in time, but gives us a better understanding of what kinds of diseases dinosaurs were susceptible to,' Woodruff said. 

Diplodocids were a group of sauropod dinosaurs which included some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth.

Researchers examined three of the bones from Dolly's neck and identified never-before-seen abnormal bony protrusions which had an unusual shape and texture (pictured)

Some of the large, long-necked creatures, which count Diplodocus and Supersaurus as family members, were up to 112ft (34 metres) long.

While their necks were long, their legs most certainly were not.

Described by some as the 'dachshund' of the giant dinosaurs, diplodocids had short legs, with the rear ones longer than the front.

The authors wrote in their paper: 'With more and continuing investigations, we will hopefully be able to continue to document and trace medical conditions present today, better our understanding of the disorders that affected the dinosaurs, and understand how the identification of these disorders contribute to our understanding of dinosaurian physiology.'

The study has been published in the journal Scientific Reports.

Meet the T.Rex with a jaw infection

Tooth pain: A Tyrannosaurus rex that roamed the Earth 68 million years ago (pictured has been found to have suffered from bone disease in its jaw, new analysis reveals

Tyrannosaurus rex that roamed the Earth 68 million years ago has been found to have suffered from bone disease in its jaw, new analysis reveals.

Experts said the dinosaur, which was discovered in Montana in 2010 and is one of the most complete T.Rex skeletons ever found, had an infection of the bone known as tumefactive osteomyelitis.

It was diagnosed using a CT-based, non-invasive approach that researchers said could have significant implications on paleontology because it doesn't lead to the destruction of samples like other fossil analysis techniques. 

Imaging of the T.Rex's jaw showed thickening and a mass on its surface that extended to the root of the teeth, according to the study's lead author Charlie Hamm, a radiologist at Charité University Hospital in Berlin.

He and his team detected a significant amount of the element fluorine in the mass, which they said was an indication of decreased bone density, and suggested that it was caused by inflammation or swelling in the jaw bone. 

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Moderne mens kwam mogelijk veel vroeger aan in Europa dan gedacht: “Dit herschrijft onze geschiedenisboeken”

De ontdekking van een oude gefossiliseerde kindertand in een Franse grot zou de geschiedenisboeken zomaar kunnen herschrijven, volgens een nieuw onderzoek gepubliceerd in Science Advances. Dat concludeert dat de homo sapiens al 54.000 jaar geleden in Europa is aangekomen, veel eerder dan tot nu gedacht. De moderne mens zou de neanderthalers dan ook niet zo snel van de aardbodem hebben geveegd als vaak wordt aangenomen. Voorwaardelijke wijs allemaal, want het bewijsmateriaal berust ruwweg op één kiesfragment en enkele werktuigen, toegeschreven aan homo sapiens.

Joeri Vlemings 

Bron:BBC, Scientias

Onze huidige mensensoort stamt af van homo sapiens. Daar is de wetenschap het over eens. Dat de homo sapiens ooit samenleefde met de neanderthaler en dat de twee mensensoorten weleens seks hadden met elkaar, staat eveneens vast. Niet-Afrikaanse moderne mensen delen nog altijd een stuk DNA met neanderthalers. Maar hoe het allemaal precies zit, daar blijft onduidelijkheid over.

Het was al bekend dat onze voorouders in het Midden-Oosten samenleefden met neanderthalers. Maar nu zijn een stuk melktand en enkele werktuigen van homo sapiens gevonden in de Mandrin-grot in de Rhônevallei in Zuid-Frankrijk. De kies lag in een aardlaag van tussen de 56.800 en 51.700 jaar oud en wordt door de archeologen op basis van de vorm toegewezen aan homo sapiens. Ongeveer 54.000 jaar geleden zouden er dus sapiens in die grot hebben gewoond, terwijl tot nu toe de komst van de moderne mens in Europa rond 45.000 jaar geleden werd geschat op basis van tanden en sieraden van sapiens die gevonden zijn in Italië en Bulgarije.

Archeologen deden onderzoek in de Mandrin-grot in Zuid-Frankrijk.  © AP

“We kunnen nu aantonen dat homo sapiens 12.000 jaar eerder arriveerde dan we hadden verwacht”, zegt professor Ludovic Slimak van de universiteit van Toulouse. “En dat deze bevolking daarna is vervangen door andere populaties neanderthalers. Dit herschrijft letterlijk al onze geschiedenisboeken.”

De Franse grot was zowel vóór als ná de periode van de homo sapiens ook bewoond door neanderthalers, die 400.000 jaar geleden arriveerden in Europa. Dat suggereert dat de twee mensensoorten ook in Europa samenleefden, en veel langer dan gedacht, mogelijk meer dan 10.000 jaar. Wetenschappers gingen ervan uit dat ze er maar een paar duizend jaren samenleefden, tot de neanderthalers ruim 40.000 jaar geleden uitstierven. Vaak wordt aangenomen dat de sapiens de neanderthalers toen uitroeiden, snel nadat onze voorouders vanuit Afrika naar Europa waren gekomen. De studie zet die theorie nu op de helling, volgens professor Chris Stringer van het Natural History Museum in Londen. “Het was niet zomaar een overname door de moderne mens van de ene dag op de andere”, zegt Stringer aan de BBC. “Soms hadden de neanderthalers de bovenhand, soms de moderne mens. Het was allemaal veel meer in evenwicht.”

Archeologen vonden werktuigen die ze toeschrijven aan de moderne mens.  © AP

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NASA toont zich erg bezorgd over tienduizenden SpaceX-satellieten in de ruimte

Het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartbureau NASA maakt zich grote zorgen over de plannen van het commerciële ruimtevaartbedrijf SpaceX om duizenden Starlink-satellieten van een tweede generatie in de ruimte te brengen. Dit leidt tot een "significante toename" van potentiële botsingen in lage banen en doorkruist de lanceringen en wetenschappelijke activiteiten van de NASA zelf, zo staat in een brief van vijf bladzijden aan de Amerikaanse telecomwaakhond FCC.

 Bron: BELGA, ANP

Met ‘Starlink’ wil SpaceX-oprichter Elon Musk wereldwijd supersnel breedbandinternet aanbieden. Het bedrijf heeft daarvoor al meer dan 2.000 van in totaal 12.000 toegestane satellieten gelanceerd, van elk grofweg 260 kilo per stuk. Tegen 2024 moeten de 12.000 satellieten in de ruimte zijn geschoten. 

Daar blijft het niet bij, want SpaceX wil dat aantal uiteindelijk op 42.000 brengen. Het bedrijf heeft de FCC in dat verband voorgesteld om nog eens zowat 30.000 stuks van een tweede generatie in de ruimte brengen. 

Botsingen

De NASA meldt in de brief aan de telecomwaakhond dat er momenteel zo’n 25.000 objecten in een baan rond de aarde worden gevolgd, ruim 6.000 van deze objecten bevinden zich op maximaal 600 kilometer afstand van het aardoppervlak. De plannen van SpaceX zouden “het aantal gevolgde objecten verdubbelen en het aantal objecten op minder dan 600 kilometer afstand vervijfvoudigen”, aldus de ruimtevaartorganisatie.

NASA stelt dat het “zich zorgen maakt over de gevolgen voor de wetenschappelijke en menselijke ruimtevluchten”.

Hop, daar wordt in de achtergrond nog eens een Falcon 9-raket van SpaceX gelanceerd om een nieuwe lading Starlink-satellieten te lossen.  © AP

De plannen verhogen in het bijzonder het risico op botsingen en kunnen wetenschappelijke en bemande missies in gevaar brengen, beklemtoont het ruimtevaartbureau. Lanceringen van vracht en astronauten naar het Internationaal Ruimtestation ISS bijvoorbeeld worden moeilijker. Verder kunnen instrumenten op wetenschappelijke satellieten hinder ondervinden, net als astronomische waarnemingen vanop de grond.

De NASA wijst er ook op dat satellieten van een andere constellatie mogelijk moeten uitwijken voor Starlinks en op hun beurt het risico op botsingen kunnen verhogen. 

Afwachten

De gerenommeerde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell van de Harvard-universiteit legt uit dat het grote aantal satellieten inderdaad mogelijk voor problemen kan zorgen. “Mogelijk is het verstandig eerst ervaring op te doen met de duizenden satellieten die zich momenteel al in een baan om de aarde bevinden, voordat we kunnen opschalen naar tienduizenden objecten”, aldus McDowell.

Beeld van een lancering van SpaceX van satellieten voor Starlink.  © Photonews

Musk: “Genoeg ruimte in de ruimte”

Het is niet de eerste keer dat er kritiek komt op de steeds chaotischere situatie in de ruimte, onder meer door Starlink-satellieten. Behalve SpaceX werken ook andere partijen, waaronder Facebook en Amazon, aan vergelijkbare satellietverzamelingen. De hoeveelheid ruimtepuin en actieve satellieten is de voorbije jaren sneller dan ooit gestegen, met bijna-botsingen tot gevolg.

Eind vorig jaar maakte China zich nog bijzonder boos omdat een botsing tussen zijn ruimtestation en twee Starlink-satellieten alleen maar was vermeden door het bemande station Tiangong zelf te laten uitwijken. Eerder moest ook het Europese ruimtevaartagentschap ESA al eens een koerscorrectie uitvoeren op een van hun satellieten om een botsing met eentje van Elon Musk te vermijden.

Tesla-baas en SpaceX-oprichter Elon Musk ziet geen probleem.  © AP

In een reactie bij de Britse zakenkrant Financial Times wees Musk kritiek op zijn netwerk van de hand. Volgens de miljardair is de ruimte “extreem gigantisch” en is er ruimte genoeg voor tientallen miljarden satellieten. “Het is zoals zeggen: hier zijn nog een paar duizend extra auto’s op aarde. Het is niks.”

Belgische experten werken aan ruimteverkeersleiding

Daar denkt dus lang niet iedereen hetzelfde over. Een internationale coördinatie in de ruimte dringt zich volgens velen steeds meer op. 

Opvallend in dat verband is dat de Belgische universiteit KU Leuven op vraag van de Europese Unie aan een soort ruimteverkeersleiding werkt; een coördinatiesysteem voor alles wat rondzweeft in de ruimte, zoals we dat vandaag ook al kennen voor het vliegverkeer. 

Lees ook:

• Elon Musk betwist kritiek op zijn Starlink-netwerk: “Genoeg ruimte in de ruimte”

• Na alarm in ISS rond opgeblazen Russische satelliet vliegt ruimtepuin nu rakelings langs Chinese satelliet: “Extreem gevaarlijk incident”

• Belgische experten werken op vraag van EU aan ruimteverkeersleiding: “Er dreigen botsingen tussen ruimtepuin en onbestuurbare satellieten” (+)

Bekijk ook:  

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Have you ever wondered what happens to us when we die? Some people experience NDE's and no longer have to wonder. 

A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics. 

When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. When negative, such experiences may include sensations of anguish and distress. 

Explanations for NDEs vary from scientific to religious. Neuroscience research hypothesizes that an NDE is a subjective phenomenon resulting from "disturbed bodily multisensory integration" that occurs during life-threatening events, while some transcendental and religious beliefs about an afterlife include descriptions similar to NDEs.

  

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