Reptilian Carved Into Crater On Moon! They Are Real! Video, UFO Sighting News.

Reptilian Carved Into Crater On Moon! They Are Real! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Porton Down – Area 51 base in UK? Or Is It Just Legends and Rumors?

Porton Down – Area 51 base in UK? Or Is It Just Legends and Rumors?

You might be wondering what we will talk about after reading the header above. It’s all about Porton Down, a fortified site in Wiltshire, England, which is rife with UFO ties. Here is some background information about the location after that. In 1916, the BB Down was founded. Biological and chemical weapons testing was done there.
On voluntarily participating personnel, nerve agents like Sarin and CS gas were tested. As an inducement to participate in testing, the military provided service members with around £2 and three days off. Few military personnel realized the purpose of their volunteer work, and some were even told it was to find a treatment for the common cold. Serviceman Ronald Maddison allegedly passed away in 1953 after taking part in a sarin gas experiment. Geoffrey Bacon, a scientist employed at Porton Down, passed away from the plague in 1962. LSD was tried in Porton Down as well. 20,000 people have participated in tests there since the conclusion of WWII. As the Guardian reported in 2005, “Fifty years ago, sailor Eric Gow had a baffling and unexplained experience. He recalls heading to a highly secretive military establishment, where he had been given something to consume in a sherry glass and experienced vivid dreams. Other servicemen also recall tripping: one thought he had seen tigers jumping out of a wall, while another recalled faces with eyes running down their cheeks. Mr. Gow and another military member had agreed to participate in what they believed to be studies looking for a treatment for the common cold. Mr. Gow believed that the administration had never given an explanation for what had transpired. But yesterday night, it was officially acknowledged to him that the spy organization MI6 had conducted LSD tests on personnel.
Something weird occurred in January 1974 in the Berwyn Mountains in Wales, United Kingdom. Some claim that a UFO crashed. Others propose a covert experiment that involves directing ball lightning and using it as a weapon. What about the Porton Down link and the UFO angle? The late Tony Dodd, a police officer, and UFO researcher had a meeting with a guy going by the name of James Prescott back in 1996. He informed Dodd that because his unit and barracks are still in use, he could not give their names. Prescott did, however, acknowledge that his base at the time was located in the southwest of England, which, measured by the distance traveled by a crow’s flight, may have put his installation close to Porton Down. Prescott and his colleagues were bizarrely instructed to be on “standby at short notice” on January 18 despite the event in the Berwyn Mountains occurring on January 23, 1974. The Berwyns was briefly featured in the national headlines five days after that. Prescott reported that they then got instructions to move swiftly in the direction of North Wales. They were stopped in Chester in anticipation of a military drill they thought was about to start. The message they received on January 20 was “hot.” They were given the go-ahead to travel to Llangollen in North Wales and wait there at around 20:13.
Prescott said that three days prior to the ground shaking those little, historic communities at the foot of the mountains, there was a significant amount of “ground and aircraft activity” above and around those enormous mountains. According to Prescott, on the same night, he and his colleagues received more orders, such as to travel to Llandderfel, and were strictly instructed not to stop for any civilians. When they arrived in the little Welsh settlement of Llandderfel, they noticed troops running around. There were senior officials yelling instructions everywhere. Zooming over the starry sky was aircraft. And all of this was happening against a depressingly gloomy backdrop. Prescott and his coworkers quickly followed instructions to load two huge wooden crates onto the back of their vehicle. Prescott claims that they left with their load and stopped for a drink along the way. A guy in civilian clothing approached them right away and demanded to see their identification before telling them to keep going and not stop until they reached their destination.
Things started to become extremely strange when Prescott told Dodd that they had been advised not to open the boxes at this point but rather to travel to Porton Down and deliver them instead. The facility employees opened the boxes once they were inside in front of us. When they discovered two animals inside decontamination suits, they were horrified. The beings were not of this planet when the suits had been opened, and upon examination, they were discovered to be dead. His perspective on life was completely altered by what he discovered in the boxes that day. The humanoid-shaped bodies, which were between five and six feet tall and had a covering skin, were so thin that they almost seemed skeletal. Despite not having seen a craft at the recovery site, he was told that a sizable craft had crashed and been retrieved by other military personnel. Later, when they rejoined their unit, they learned that the other components had also sent bodies of “alien creatures” to Porton Down, but that their delivery was still breathing.
Continuing on but still with the same narrative, a guy by the name of Bob Bolton shared his memories of the Porton Down/James Prescott scandal. He had served as an aviation engineer in the Royal Air Force for thirty years. Between 1971 and 1974, he was sent to a number of locations, including RAF Honnington, RAF Valley in North Wales, and Akrotiri in Cyprus. His wife is from Corwen, as is her family. They were living up on the edge of the mountain when the incident with the Berwyns occurred, and her mother is still there now. A portion of the Berwyn range is Corwen. You’re talking about maybe a mile and a quarter away from where it all happened from where their house is if you go up the route that runs behind the houses up and then onto the top of the mountains; meaning it is relatively close.
His wife was still able to recall what transpired on the evening of January 23. During the Blitz, she claimed to have witnessed and heard planes being shot down; the sound, though similar to an aircraft falling down, was “louder, larger, and heavier than anything you could conceive to do with an airplane.” They were unsure of what it was. They immediately raced onto the road after hearing the noise. The entire neighborhood left as well. When the impact came, the houses shook and she had items fall from the mantelpiece in the house as the noise increased in volume despite their inability to see anything in the sky. He heard the tale of the dead discovered on the mountain from his wife’s father. Harold Smith was the man’s name. However, he went by Mick. He was a local councilor, worked full-time at Vauxhall at Elsmere Port, and also worked part-time as a sub-fire officer in Corwen. He told him that he certainly didn’t know about the event up on the Berwyn Mountains when they were discussing UFOs one day.
He told him the tale for the first time in about 1976. He said little more at the time, other than to state that bodies had been hauled down from the mountain. Nothing concerning who brought them down or the location of their capture. But while he was stationed in Germany from 1979 to 1982, Mick and his wife’s mother visited for a month, and it was during this time that he revealed a lot more to them. He recalls that the information he provided to them appeared to have come from a different member of the North Wales Fire Service whose son was in the Army. However, it is expected that he would have been informed: Mick was a well-liked individual who was familiar with many members of the North Wales Fire Service, especially those in Bala and Wrexham. While the police weren’t engaged, Mick informed him that the Army was – significantly. Although he informed them that he was unable to provide a precise date, it was unquestionably between 1979 and 1982 when they visited. He claimed that there were unquestionably Porton Down personnel present, that a lozenge-shaped device was lying on the slope, and that the dead had been transported to Porton from the location. His wife can still attest to the fact that Mick told her the Porton Down and body tale back in the late 1970s or early 1980s. Mick claimed that when he originally shared this tale in 1976, he was unaware that the Army had really removed the dead from the mountain and sent them to Porton Down. Therefore, between 1976 and the time he visited them in Germany, he must have learned it.
Next, let’s discuss the relationship between Porton Down and the infamous Rendlesham Forest “UFO landing” incident of December 1980 and the late Georgina Bruni, who penned the book You Can’t Tell the People about the Rendlesham case. You Can’t Tell the People, Georgina’s Rendlesham novel, was already in progress in 1997. The book was released in November 2000. Georgina and I were two of a very tiny number of UFO enthusiasts in the UK who were actively and often looking into the connections between UFOs and Porton Down back in the late 1990s. As a result, they consented to silently and carefully communicate their data with one another. This included any new data that was discovered. And that’s how Georgina’s information on the Rendlesham tale reached them. As Georgina worked on the research for her book, she learned that a Porton Down crew had been sent deep into Rendlesham Forest in late December 1980. On a clandestine mission, they entered the woods while wearing full-body protective gear. The UFO researchers Georgina had confided in believed that the Porton Down team was there to attempt and piece together what took place over a period of those three nights and to check for any lingering biological or chemical dangers. The Rendlesham-Porton Down problem hasn’t progressed too far thus far. Hopefully, that happens someday.
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Strange ships on the solar surface: Aliens control the Sun?

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“There are space arks hidden under the Earth to evacuate humanity”

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Nick Pope's Missing Tollbooth experience part two -










Nick Pope and the ‘Missing Toll Booth Encounter’ - PART I





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The famous psychic Uri Geller says ‘massive alien invasion’ is coming

The famous psychic Uri Geller says ‘massive alien invasion’ is coming
He announced on Instagram: “A team mapping radio waves in the universe has discovered something unusual that releases a giant burst of energy three times an hour and it’s unlike anything astronomers have seen before

The famous psychic Uri Geller claims that the Earth is waiting for a massive invasion of aliens. He says he stumbled upon a conversation between “higher beings” 4,000 light-years away.
According to dailystar.uk,Uri Geller warned NASA to prepare for a massive alien invasion of Earth, which will take place in the near future.
Geller is confident that the giant energy source , which astronomers have discovered at a distance of 4000 light years, is most likely a message from “higher beings” from space.
He believes that the aliens are already heading in our direction.

The famous psychic Uri Geller
He announced on Instagram: “A team mapping radio waves in the universe has discovered something unusual that releases a giant burst of energy three times an hour and it’s unlike anything astronomers have seen before.
“No doubt in my mind that this is connected to alien intelligence way way superior than ours.
“Start deciphering their messages! They are preparing us for a mass landing soon!”
Astronomers said they have never seen anything like the mysterious new phenomenon before. They believe that it could be a neutron star or a white dwarf with a superstrong magnetic field (magnetar).
Astrophysicist Dr Natasha Hurley-Walker of Curtin University in Australia said: “This object appeared and disappeared for several hours during our observations.
“It was kind of spooky for an astronomer because there’s nothing known in the sky that does that.
“And it’s really quite close to us — about 4,000 light years away. It’s in our galactic backyard.”
RELATED VIDEOS:
NOTE:
Uri Geller
Uri Geller (/ˈʊəri ˈɡɛlər/ OOR-ee GHEL-ər;[1] Hebrew: אורי גלר; born 20 December 1946) is an Israeli-British illusionist, magician, television personality, and self-proclaimed psychic. He is known for his trademark television performances of spoon bending and other illusions. Geller uses conjuring tricks to simulate the effects of psychokinesis and telepathy. Geller’s career as an entertainer has spanned more than four decades, with television shows and appearances in many countries. Magicians have called Geller a fraud due to his claims of possessing truly psychic powers.[2]
Early life
Geller was born on 20 December 1946 in Tel Aviv, which was then part of British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel). His mother and father were of Austrian-Jewish and Hungarian-Jewish background respectively. Geller is the son of Itzhaak Geller (Gellér Izsák), a retired army sergeant major, and Margaret “Manzy” Freud (Freud Manci). Geller claims that he is a distant relative of Sigmund Freud on his mother’s side.[3]
At the age of 11, Geller’s family moved to Nicosia, Cyprus, where he attended high school, the Terra Santa College, and learned English. At the age of 18,[4]: 9 he joined the Israeli Army‘s Paratroopers Brigade,[5] with which he served in the 1967 Six-Day War and was wounded in action.[6][7] He worked as a photographic model in 1968 and 1969; during that time, he began to perform for small audiences as a nightclub entertainer,[8] becoming well-known in Israel.[9]
Geller first started to perform in theatres, public halls, auditoriums, military bases and universities in Israel.[10] The parapsychologist Andrija Puharich met Geller in 1971 and assisted him in traveling to the United States.[11][12]
Television and film career
Geller became famous demonstrating on television what he claimed to be psychokinesis, dowsing, and telepathy.[13] His performance included spoon bending, describing hidden drawings, and making watches stop or run faster. Geller said he performs these feats through willpower and the strength of his mind.[14] His apparent ability to bend metal objects during his television appearances came to be known as the “Geller effect” and made Geller a celebrity.[11] Geller’s actual methods were revealed to be stage magic tricks largely due to the work of magician and investigator James Randi.[15][16][17]
In 1973, Geller appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, an appearance recounted in the Nova documentary episode “Secrets of the Psychics” hosted by Randi on PBS.[18]: 9’30″–11’34″ In the documentary, Randi says that “Johnny had been a magician himself and was skeptical” of Geller’s claimed paranormal powers, so prior to the date of taping, Randi was asked “to help prevent any trickery”; accordingly, the show prepared their own props without informing Geller, and did not let Geller or his staff “anywhere near them”.[18]: 9’48″–10’10″ When Geller joined Carson on stage, he appeared surprised that he was not going to be interviewed, but instead was expected to display his abilities using the provided articles. Geller said, “This scares me”, and, “As you know, I told your people what to bring”, and “I’m surprised because before this program your producer came and he read me at least 40 questions you were going to ask me”. Geller was unable to display any paranormal abilities, saying, “I don’t feel strong”, and expressed his displeasure at feeling he was being “pressed” to perform by Carson.[19] According to Adam Higginbotham:
Nancy Grace Roman Will be Launching on a Falcon Heavy Rocket

Nancy Grace Roman Will be Launching on a Falcon Heavy Rocket
In 2026, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (RST) – aka. the “Mother of Hubble” – will take to space and begin addressing some of the deepest mysteries of the Universe. This will include capturing the deepest field images of the cosmos, refining measurements of the Hubble Constant (aka. Hubble’s Law), and determining the role of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the evolution of the cosmos. Alongside its next-generation partner, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the RST will acquire infrared images with over 200 times the surveying power of its predecessor with the same rich level of detail.
On Tuesday, July 19th, NASA announced that it had awarded SpaceX with a Launch Services (NLS) II contract to provide the rocket that will deploy the RST mission to space. As specified in the NLS II, the launch will take place in October 2026 (May 2027, at the latest) and consist of a Falcon Heavy rocket transporting the RST from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center to orbit. This indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract is valued at approximately $255 million and covers the launch and other mission-related costs.
Previously known as the Wide-Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST), the RST was originally proposed in 2010 as a successor to Hubble. The proposal was based on the same design as Hubble, with a 2.4-meter (7.9-foot) field of view primary mirror and two scientific instruments. This includes the Wide-Field Instrument (WFI), a 300.8-megapixel camera covering the visible and near-infrared spectrum, and the Coronograph Instrument (CGI) – a high-contrast spectrometer that incorporates starlight-suppression technology.
In May 2020, NASA renamed the telescope to honor Dr. Nancy Grace Roman, NASA’s first Chief Astronomer and a tireless advocate for space-based astronomy. By March 2021, NASA announced that the RST would be getting an upgrade with the addition of a K-band filter. This effectively expands the RST’s infrared imaging range to 0.5 to 23 micrometers – 500 to 23,000 nanometers (nm) – ranging from the near- to the far-infrared spectrum. With these capabilities, the RST’s science program will include dedicated investigations addressing several enduring mysteries in modern cosmology.
These include the study and characterization of exoplanets, which will narrow the search for habitable planets and Earth analogs and complete the census of exoplanets. In particular, the RST will use its tremendous field of view to detect thousands of smaller, rocky planets that orbit closely to their parent stars – in their habitable zones (HZs). These planets will be designated for follow-up observations by Webb, which will use its extremely-sensitive IR optics to obtain spectra from their atmospheres and surfaces.
Its powerful optics will also conduct the deepest surveys of the Universe to reveal the earliest stars and galaxies, which formed roughly 100 million years after the Big Bang. These scientific operations will complement the ESA’s EUCLID mission and allow astronomers to investigate possible causes of cosmic acceleration. Current theories include the existence of Dark Energy or Modified Newtonian Gravity (MOND), which states that General Relativity breaks down on cosmological scales. These operations will also address questions about the fate of the Universe, like if it will tear itself apart someday (the Big Rip theory).
The telescope’s wide-field surveys will also enable new studies into the nature of Dark Matter and its role in cosmic evolution. Furthermore, the RST mission also includes a substantial general investigator program that will allow for further studies of astrophysical phenomena. This will enable opportunities to collaborate with other science missions and space agencies and advance other scientific goals. This is very good news for NASA, its partner agencies, and space-based astronomy fans!

After years of waiting for James Webb to get to space and start shooting the most breathtaking and detailed images ever seen, it’s encouraging to know that the next next-generation telescope is not far behind. While delays are always possible, Roman’s comparatively simple design will likely make for a speedier launch schedule. It’s also good news for SpaceX, which has secured many high-priority and lucrative contracts with NASA in recent years.
These include contracts to build the Human Landing System (HLS) for the Artemis Program – the Starship HLS – that will transport “the first woman and the first person of color” to the lunar surface by 2025. It also includes the launch services for the Lunar Gateway, which will consist of the core elements – Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) and the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) – launching in 2024 (also using a Falcon Heavy rocket).

Further Reading:
The post Nancy Grace Roman Will be Launching on a Falcon Heavy Rocket appeared first on Universe Today.
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Fungus Structures In Crater On Moon, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Fungus Structures In Crater On Moon, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Mother And Daughter Witness Huge Mysterious Dancing Orbs In The Sky Over Alaska

Mother And Daughter Witness Huge Mysterious Dancing Orbs In The Sky Over Alaska

Sheri and Tiffany were at a casual get-together when they noticed the massive moving orange orbs outside a restaurant in Ninilchik. The two conclude the unexplainable bright lights are UFOs that are mining the minerals out of their mountain ranges, explaining the growing number of natural calamities in the area.
Astronomers Have a New Way to Find Exoplanets in Cataclysmic Binary Systems

Astronomers Have a New Way to Find Exoplanets in Cataclysmic Binary Systems
Have you heard of LU Camelopardalis, QZ Serpentis, V1007 Herculis and BK Lyncis? No, they’re not members of a boy band in ancient Rome. They’re Cataclysmic Variables, binary stars that are so close together one star draws material from its sibling. This causes the pair to vary wildly in brightness.
Can planets exist in this chaotic environment? Can we spot them? A new study answers yes to both.
Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) undergo large increases in brightness. All stars vary in brightness to some degree, even our own sun. But CVs increased brightness is much more pronounced than stars like our Sun, and they happen irregularly.
There are different types of cataclysmic variables: classical novae, dwarf novae, some supernovae, and others. All types share the same basic mechanic. A pair of stars orbit each other closely, and one of the stars is more massive than the other. The more massive one is called the primary star, and it draws gas from the lower mass star, which astronomers call the donor star. The primary star in a CV is a white dwarf, and the donor star is usually a red dwarf. The red dwarf stars are cooler and less massive than the white dwarfs. They have masses between 0.07 and 0.30 solar masses and a radius of about 20% of the Sun’s. White dwarf primary stars have a typical mass of around 0.75 solar masses but much smaller radii, about the same as Earth’s.
When the primary star draws material from the donor star, the material forms an accretion disk around the primary star. The material in the accretion disk heats up, and that causes increased luminosity. The increase can overpower the light from the pair of stars. If there’s a dim third body—a planet—in the system, then its gravity can affect the transfer of material from the donor to the primary star. These perturbations affect the system’s brightness, and that’s at the heart of the new study.

The authors of the study show how the chaotic environments around CVs can host planets and explains how astronomers can spot them. The study is “Testing the third-body hypothesis in the cataclysmic variables LU Camelopardalis, QZ Serpentis, V1007 Herculis and BK Lyncis.” It’s published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS.) The lead author is Dr. Carlos Chavez, from the Universidad Autónoma De Nuevo León in Mexico.
Material drawn to the primary star gathers in an accretion ring and heats up, creating increased luminosity. But the material transfer to the disk isn’t steady; it rises and falls as the stars in the CV orbit each other. Chavez and his colleagues examined four cataclysmic variables in their study: LU Camelopardalis, QZ Serpentis, V1007 Herculis and BK Lyncis. The four CVs exhibit very long photometric periods (VLPPs), which are periods of enhanced luminosity that don’t conform to the binary’s orbital periods.
There’s a point between both stars and the third body called the L1 point, or Lagrangian One point. It’s a gravitational equilibrium point between the stars. The L1 point is dynamic, and its position changes as the stars move. Lead author Chavez showed in a previous paper that a third body, a planet, can cause oscillations in the L1 point.
As the L1 point changes, the amount of material drawn into the primary star—the mass transfer rate—changes. A change in the mass transfer rate creates a change in the luminosity of the entire three-body system.
By measuring the changes in brightness of the four CVs, the researchers calculated the distances and masses of potential third bodies in the systems based on the brightness changes in each system. Their calculations show that the variations have much longer periods than the orbital periods of the stars. According to the team, two of the four CVs they studied have “bodies resembling planets” orbiting them.
“Our work has proven that a third body can perturb a cataclysmic variable in such a way that can induce changes in brightness in the system,” Dr. Chavez said in a press release. “These perturbations can explain both the very long periods that have been observed – between 42 and 265 days- and the amplitude of those changes in brightness. Of the four systems we studied, our observations suggest that two of the four have objects of planetary mass in orbit around them.”
This isn’t the first time scientists have tackled CVs and tried to find an explanation for the variations in the luminosity. In 2017 a separate team of researchers published a paper presenting the four CVs and their VLPPs. They suggested that planets were the cause. But they said that “… the third-body orbital plane should be greater than 39.2 degrees for this mechanism to be effective in disturbing the inner binary effectively.”
“Here we explore a new possibility, namely that the secular perturbation by a low eccentricity and low inclination third object explains the VLPP and also the change of magnitude observed in these four CVs,” Chavez and his co-authors write in their paper. They say that “… a third body on a close near-circular planar orbit could produce perturbations on the central binary eccentricity.”
According to Chavez, their work amounts to a new way to detect exoplanets. Planet-hunters find most exoplanets using the transit system. As an exoplanet transits in front of its star, there’s a detectable dip in starlight. While effective—we’ve found thousands of planets this way—the transit method has limitations. It only works when things are lined up right. We have to be looking at it from the side, as it were, or else the planet doesn’t transit the star from our point of view, and there’s no dip in starlight.
But the method Chavez and his colleagues developed doesn’t depend on planetary transits. It relies on the intrinsic change in luminosity that’s observable from different angles.
More:
- Press Release: A New Method to Detect Exoplanets
- Published Research: Testing the third-body hypothesis in the cataclysmic variables LU Camelopardalis, QZ Serpentis, V1007 Herculis and BK Lyncis
- Universe Today: Astronomers Find 116,000 New Variable Stars
The post Astronomers Have a New Way to Find Exoplanets in Cataclysmic Binary Systems appeared first on Universe Today.
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James Webb discovers the oldest galaxy in the universe - a 13.5-billion-year-old system of stars formed 300 million years after the Big Bang

James Webb discovers the oldest galaxy in the universe - a 13.5-billion-year-old system of stars formed 300 million years after the Big Bang
- James Webb discovered a 13.5-billion-year-old galaxy dubbed GN-z13
- This galaxy formed just 300 million years after the Big Bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago
- The previous record holder, discovered by the Hubble Telescope in 2015, was GN-z11 that dates back 400 million years after the universe birthed
NASA's James Webb Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a 13.5 billion-year-old galaxy that is now the oldest in the universe seen by human eyes.
The galaxy, called GLASS-z13 (GN-z13), formed just 300 million years after the Big Bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago.
The previous record holder, discovered by the Hubble Telescope in 2015, was GN-z11 that dates back 400 million years after the universe birthed.
JWST captured a look at GN-z13 using its Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument, which is capable of detecting light from the earliest stars and galaxies.
This telescope uses a broad range of infrared light to 'see' back in time, which is done by analyzing the time it takes for light to travel through space.
Scroll down for video
The galaxy, called GLASS-z13 (GN-z13), was formed just 300 million years after the Big Bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago, making it the oldest in the universe
While investigating the area are GN-z13, JWST also spotted GN-z11.
Scientists from the Harvard and Smithsonian Centre of Astrophysics in Massachusetts note that although they are both old, each of the galaxies are very small, New Scientist reports.
GN-z13 is around 1,600 light years across and GLASS z-11 is 2,300 light years.
This is compared to our own Milky Way that is around 100,000 light years in diameter.
The paper, published in arXiv, notes that both galaxies have a mass of one billion suns, which is because they formed shortly after the Big Bang occurred.

While investigating the area near GN-z13 (top), JWST also spotted GN-z11 (bottom)

The previous record holder, discovered by the Hubble Telescope in 2015, is GN-z11 (pictured) that dates back 400 million years after the universe birthed
The team suggests this occurred as the galaxies were growing and gobbled up stars in the region.
'These two objects already place novel constraints on galaxy evolution in the cosmic dawn epoch,' researchers shared in the paper.
'They indicate that the discovery of GNz11 was not simply a matter of good fortune, but that there is likely a population of UV luminous sources with very high star-formation efficiencies capable of compiling.'
Gabriel Brammer at the Niehls Bohr Institute in Denmark, part of the GLASS team and a co-discoverer of GN-z11, told New Scientist that further analysis will be needed to confirm the distance to the two galaxies.
'They're very convincing candidates,' he said. 'We were pretty confident that JWST would see distant galaxies. But we're a little bit surprised how easy it is to detect them.'
Brammer made headlines this week when he released a never-before-seen image snapped by the JWST.

The paper notes that both galaxies have a mass of one billion suns, noting this is because they formed shortly after the Big Bang occurred. Pictured are the galaxies locations

Gabriel Brammer, part of the GLASS team and a co-discoverer of GN-z11, said further analysis will be needed to confirm the distance to the two galaxies. Brammer made headlines this week when he released a never-before-seen image snapped by the JWST
(pictured)
The astronomer shared a stunning photo of the spiraling arms of the 'phantom galaxy,' formally known as NGC 628 or Messier 74, which sits 32 million light years from Earth.
Webb took the image of NGC 628 on July 17 and sent the data back to Earth where it was stored in the Barbara Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes, (MAST), which is open to the public.
Brammer's image caught the attention of other astronomers and space enthusiasts, who wanted to learn more about how he made the image and what it was that they are looking at.
'For a tiny bit more context, the purple color cast here is actually 'real' in the sense that emission from interstellar cigarette smoke (PAH molecules) makes the filters used for the blue and red channels brighter relative to the green,' Brammer wrote in a tweet.
THE JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE
JWST Finds Galaxies Just 300-400 Million Years After the Big Bang, and It’s Just Getting Started

Jinds Galaxies Just 300-400 MilWST Flion Years After the Big Bang, and It’s Just Getting Started
By now, almost everyone has seen the first-release images from JWST and marveled at these amazing views of the infrared universe the telescope was launched to explore. The view of SMACS 0723 seen above illustrates the promise JWST holds. While there are many more early-release images in the observation pipeline, we’re starting to see the first research papers come out. As expected, studies of distant galaxies are grabbing headlines already.
Wow, are these findings amazing! In the last couple of days, websites and social media have been alive with images of a blob that, in reality, is one of the oldest (earliest) galaxies ever seen. It’s one of two—GL-z11 and GL-z13—that show us what they looked like when the Universe was extremely young, about 300 million years after the Big Bang. When confirmed, they’ll mark a milestone in studies of the infant Universe.
A Look back in Time and Across Space
Thanks to JWST and its high-resolution infrared instruments, astronomers can now observe the earliest epochs in cosmic history. Of course, Hubble Space Telescope paved the way for some of this. For example, it provided the first look at galaxy GNz11. Now, JWST is following up with a study of that galaxy and the discovery of another one called GL-z13.

These galaxies exist at a time that has been, until now, largely unexplored. So, a consortium of astronomers (led by Rohan P. Naidu of the Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian) proposed a JWST search for luminous galaxies in the first several hundred million years after the Big Bang (at a redshift of z > 10). This work was done as part of the JWST Early Release program and the exploration will likely continue for quite some time.
The search revealed that the two galaxies—GL-z11 and GL-z13—are likely billion-solar-mass galaxies. That’s pretty remarkable given their presence in the early Universe, especially since the first stars began forming around one to two hundred million years after the Big Bang. These galaxies are also bright enough that astronomers will be able to do follow-up spectrographic studies to determine more about them. Computer modeling indicates that these galaxies are somewhat small and may well have disks in place, even at their young age.
Based on the early observations with JWST, it seems very likely GL-z11 and GL-z13 have a population of hot, young stars (which would be very bright in ultraviolet light), and that each galaxy could be bursting with star-formation regions. These stars and regions should be very good candidates for follow-up observations using JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph.
Are There More of These Galaxies Out There?
One exciting implication of this discovery is that these two distant galaxies in the early Universe may be just the tip of the iceberg. There could be many more in every direction JWST looks. Remember the excitement when Hubble Space Telescope (HST) performed its first deep-field study? It pointed at what looked like a fairly vacant area of the sky, looking to see what was “out there.” The observations revealed distant galaxies out as far as HST could see. Other deep-field observations in other directions in the sky delivered the same result. It turns out the universe is galaxies all the way out.
So, if these two galaxy discoveries are any indication, JWST is about to explode our view of the infant Universe the same way HST did with its deep field observations. Of course, astronomers will work to confirm these galaxies spectroscopically. And, if what they promise plays out across the sky—with the discovery of at least two (and maybe more) galaxies at redshifts between 11 and 13 in every direction JWST looks—then we’ll be in for some interesting times. At the very least, this amazing infrared observatory is pushing the cosmic frontier much farther out, peeking beyond what we currently know. In the very near future, it could look all the way out to the brink of the Big Bang itself. Stay tuned!
For more Information
The post JWST Finds Galaxies Just 300-400 Million Years After the Big Bang, and It’s Just Getting Started appeared first on Universe Today.
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Energy Entity Shoots Out Of Storm July 20, 2022, Greer, Ohio UFO Sighting News.

Energy Entity Shoots Out Of Storm July 20, 2022, Greer, Ohio UFO Sighting News.
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NASA wil op 29 augustus weer naar de Maan te vliegen
NASA wil op 29 augustus weer naar de Maan te vliegen
Artemis-1, de eerste missie waarmee de Amerikanen terug naar de Maan reizen, kan op 29 augustus vertrekken, zo heeft de NASA meegedeeld, uitgerekend de dag waarop 53 jaar geleden voor het eerst een mens voet zette op de Maan. Alternatieve data zijn 2 of 5 september.
Het Artemis-programma beoogt, ten vroegste in 2025, opnieuw mensen op de Maan neer te zetten en terug te halen, waarbij voor het eerst een vrouw en een kleurling. Het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartbureau NASA wil dit, naar analogie van het Apollo-programma, stapsgewijs bereiken. Artemis zal dus een onbemande missie zijn, in het bijzonder om de gigantische nieuwe draagraket te testen, net als de Orion-capsule die in 2024 bij de tweede missie wel bemand zal zijn.
De lancering vindt plaats op Cape Canaveral. De SLS-draagraket moet de Orion naar onze natuurlijke satelliet slingeren. De capsule komt in een baan rond de Maan en komt dan naar de Aarde terug. Naargelang de precieze lanceringsdatum zou de vlucht 39 tot 42 dagen duren.
De Orion is in 2014 al eens in de ruimte getest, na lancering met een Delta-IV draagraket. De capsule maakte twee omlopen rond onze planeet, om in het bijzonder het hitteschild uit te testen.
De laatste keer dat een mens over het oppervlak van de Maan wandelde was met Apollo-17 in 1972.







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