UFO Conference ERIE - Oct 9, 2021

Oct 9, 2021  Erie Pennsylvania  Our 6th   UFO Conference in Erie Pa  We would like to preregister 100 guests by Oct 1st 2021 Register at  http://www.mufonpa.com

{ http://www.mufonpa.com }

“A race of Venus came to planet Earth millions of years ago”

The Ancient Astronaut theory is being taken more and more seriously by science. But who were these beings and where did they come from? According to a new hypothesis, some of these beings could come from Venus.

In recent years, the existence of extraterrestrial life in scientific nuclei has been discussed more , reaching the point of questioning whether we have not been visited for thousands of years. A new theory could show that beings from Venus came to Earth long before humans evolved.

Beings of Venus on Earth?

For decades, NASA has shown various aspects of the physical nature of Venus, thanks to space probes.

Spokesmen for exploration missions have stated that its environment is extremely hostile , with air laden with carbon dioxide and infernal barometric pressure . It also has a heat that exceeds 100 degrees Celsius along with dense clouds of sulfuric acid.

In short, on Venus it would be impossible for life to be born. But a declassified archive from 1989, which is practically unknown , could change our perception of that world.

The document relates to the different contacts that have existed between Earth and Venus and how the inhabitants of the latter came thousands of years ago , and continued to come to “meet” the human being.

They even talk about the “selection” of people they have had over the years, highlighting people from the field, the humble, even scientists and government officials.

This declassified document presents, then, a direct contradiction to what NASA has explained about the inhospitable nature of Venus.

Obviously, many people prefer to trust what science has said and forget everything that changes the official version .

However, there is a question … Why was a document that, supposedly, contradictory, was classified and kept hidden for more than 30 years?

Obviously, theorists around the world have started to make statements, blaming NASA and the elites for hiding information about space.

Venusians have been visiting Earth for thousands of years.

“They want to help humanity”

If scientists, the only ones with the ability to study beyond Earth’s borders, have lied to us in the past, why not distrust their information about Venus?

The possibility of life on Venus completely changes general thinking about our Solar System. This is because we have been led to believe that the galaxy is an immense desert with only one oasis; the earth.

Obviously, there is another possibility; that terrestrial technology is not advanced enough to locate life on that planet.

According to this report, we can understand that the civilization of Venus managed to solve all the problems that afflict humanity today. An example of this are wars, crime, corruption and other issues that do so much damage to society in general.

This is due to the development of peaceful collective values that are based on respect, understanding and love. Through their frequent contacts with different personalities on Earth, Venusians came to offer us help in solving all these issues that prevent us from evolving as humanity.

The problem is that this support is always accompanied by a request for the abandonment of weapons of mass destruction. Reason that makes us understand why this document has been classified and, subsequently, hidden.

If there is a developed civilization on Venus and NASA has hidden it or does not know of its existence, it is something that we will probably never know. However, if we manage to make contact with a civilization that supports us in our evolution, would we react correctly?

 { https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing craters 3.5 billion years ago – with enough water released in a matter of weeks to completely fill Lake Superior, study finds

• Researchers show how 262 breached lakes on the Red Planet shaped its surface

• Water released at huge craters caused the formation of river valleys, they claim

• This water eroded the natural Martian sediment to leave the deep river valleys

• 3.5 billion years ago, water moved around Mars between crater lakes via rivers

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

Mars' surface was carved by fast and furious floods from overflowing crater lakes 3.5 billion years ago, a new study says.

Researchers in Texas have used satellite images to determine how 262 breached lakes on the Red Planet shaped the Martian surface. 

The floods, which probably lasted mere weeks, eroded more than enough sediment to completely fill Lake Superior and Lake Ontario, they say. 

Although there's no liquid water on Mars today, about 4.3 billion years ago the Red Planet had enough water to cover its entire surface in a liquid layer about 450 feet (137 meters) deep, according to NASA.

Fast forward to 3.5 billion years ago, and this water was more scarce – channeled around the planet between crater lakes via rivers, much like on Earth today. 

Floods at these lakes created river valleys with high walls of jagged rock on either side, much like Earth's own impressive modern-day canyons. 

A coloured topographical image showing river valleys on Mars. The outlet canyon Loire Vallis (white line) formed from the overflow of a lake in Parana Basin (outlined in white). Black lines indicate other river valleys formed by processes other than lake overflows. Image is approximately 400 miles (650 kilometres) across

Mars was not always a big dry rusty rock like it is today. Perhaps about 4.3 billion years ago, Mars would have had enough water to cover its entire surface in a liquid layer about 450 feet (137 meters) deep

'If we think about how sediment was being moved across the landscape on ancient Mars, lake breach floods were a really important process globally,' said lead author Tim Goudge, an assistant professor at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences, the University of Texas at Austin. 

'And this is a bit of a surprising result because they've been thought of as one-off anomalies for so long.'

The researchers think the furious floods were triggered either by the water filling up in the crater lake interior to the point where it started spilling over the edge; or as the lake filled up with water, the pressure from that water on the inside of the crater caused the crater rim to fail, allowing water to flow out.

'In either way, once the water started rushing out of the lake, it would begin rapidly carving an exit breach and canyon, allowing more water to flow out, and continuing so on in a runaway process until it eventually couldn't erode any more,' Professor Goudge told MailOnline.

The researcher also said he thinks more water was available early in Mars' early history, but that it never did completely cover the planet. 

On Earth, river erosion – the constant wearing away of the river bed and banks by the force of water – is usually a slow-going process. 

Over years and years, coastal land recedes as the force of the water breaks off sediment.  

But on Mars, massive floods from overflowing crater lakes had an outsized role in shaping the Martian surface, carving deep chasms and moving vast amounts of sediment.

Crater lakes were common on Mars billions of years ago when the Red Planet had liquid water on its surface. Some craters could hold a small sea's worth of water. 

But when the water became too much to hold, it would breach the edge of the crater, causing catastrophic flooding that carved river valleys in its wake. 

A 2019 study led by Goudge, published in the in the journal Geology, determined that these events happened rapidly. 

Remote sensing images taken by satellites orbiting Mars have allowed scientists to study the remains of breached Martian crater lakes. 

The remains of a former crater lake on Mars surrounded by other smaller craters. The large outlet canyon (the spindly blue dent in the upper left) formed during a crater breach event

A global map of Mars showing river valleys around the Red Planet. River valleys formed by crater lake breaches are in white. River valleys that formed gradually over time are in black

However, the crater lakes and their river valleys have mostly been studied on an individual basis, Goudge said.

This is the first study to investigate how the 262 breached lakes across the Red Planet shaped the Martian surface as a whole.

For the study, the researchers reviewed a preexisting catalog of river valleys on Mars and classifying them into two categories – valleys that got their start at a crater's edge and valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape. 

Valleys that got their start at a crater's edge indicates they formed during a lake breach flood, while valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape suggests a more gradual formation over time. 

From there, the scientists compared the depth, length and volume of the different valley types and found that river valleys formed by crater lake breaches erode nearly a quarter of the Red Planet's river valley volume despite making up only 3 per cent of total valley length.

'This discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that outlet canyons are significantly deeper than other valleys,' said study co-author Alexander Morgan, a research scientist at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona.

At 559 feet (170.5 meters), the median depth of a breach river valley is more than twice that of other river valleys created more gradually over time, which have a median depth of about 254 feet (77.5 meters).

In addition, although the chasms appeared in a geologic instant, they may have had a lasting effect on the surrounding landscape. 

Floods at Martian lakes created river valleys with high walls of jagged rock on either side, much like the impressive canyons on Earth today. Pictured, the Colorado River as it flows through Marble Canyon prior to entering the infamous Grand Canyon in northern Arizona

The study suggests that the breaches scoured canyons so deep they may have influenced the formation of other nearby river valleys. 

The authors said this is a potential alternative explanation for unique Martian river valley topography that is usually attributed to climate.   

On Earth, river erosion is a slow and steady process in most cases, but that doesn't mean it will work that way on other worlds, according to Goudge. 

'When you fill [the craters] with water, it's a lot of stored energy there to be released,' Goudge said. 'It makes sense that Mars might tip, in this case, toward being shaped by catastrophism more than the Earth.' 

The new study has been published today in the journal Nature. 

WAS MARS EVER HOME TO LIQUID WATER?

In September of the same year, the first scoop of soil analysed by Curiosity revealed that fine materials on the surface of the planet contain two per cent water by weight.

In 2017, Scientists provided the best estimates for water on Mars, claiming it once had more liquid H2O than the Arctic Ocean - and the planet kept these oceans for more than 1.5 billion years.

The findings suggest there was ample time and water for life on Mars to thrive, but over the last 3.7 billion years the red planet has lost 87 per cent of its water - leaving it barren and dry. 

Read more:

• dx.doi.org/10.10...
• Overflowing Crater Lakes Carved Canyons Across Mars | Jackson School of Geosciences | The University of Texas at Austin

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Lake Breach Floods Eroded Surface of Early Mars, Study Says

Massive floods from overflowing crater lakes were responsible for eroding at least 24% of the volume of incised valleys on early Mars, according to new research led by University of Texas at Austin planetary scientists.

“If we think about how sediment was being moved across the landscape on ancient Mars, lake breach floods were a really important process globally,” said Dr. Tim Goudge, a researcher at the University of Texas at Austin and CIFAR.

“And this is a bit of a surprising result because they’ve been thought of as one-off anomalies for so long.”

Crater lakes were common on Mars billions of years ago when the planet had liquid water on its surface. Some craters could hold a small sea’s worth of water.

But when the water became too much to hold, it would breach the edge of the crater, causing catastrophic flooding that carved river valleys in its wake.

In 2019, Dr. Goudge and colleagues determined that these events happened rapidly.

“Remote sensing images taken by satellites orbiting Mars have allowed scientists to study the remains of breached Martian crater lakes,” he said.

“However, the crater lakes and their river valleys have mostly been studied on an individual basis. This is the first study to investigate how the 262 breached lakes across the Red Planet shaped its surface as a whole.”

The authors classified the Martian river valleys into two categories: (i) valleys that got their start at a crater’s edge, which indicates they formed during a lake breach flood; and (ii) valleys that formed elsewhere on the landscape, which suggests a more gradual formation over time.

From there, they compared the depth, length and volume of the different valley types and found that river valleys formed by crater lake breaches punch far above their weight, eroding away nearly a quarter of the planet’s river valley volume despite making up only 3% of total valley length.

“This discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that outlet canyons are significantly deeper than other valleys,” said Dr. Alexander Morgan, a researcher at the Planetary Science Institute.

At 170.5 m (559 feet), the median depth of a breach river valley is more than twice that of other river valleys created more gradually over time, which have a median depth of about 77.5 m (254 feet).

In addition, although the chasms appeared in a geologic instant, they may have had a lasting effect on the surrounding landscape.

The study suggests that the breaches scoured canyons so deep they may have influenced the formation of other nearby river valleys.

“This is a potential alternative explanation for unique Martian river valley topography that is usually attributed to climate,” the scientists said.

Their results are published in the journal Nature.

_____

• T.A. Goudge et al. 2021. The importance of lake breach floods for valley incision on early Mars. Nature 597, 645-649; doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03860-1

{ http://www.sci-news.com/ }

New Ultrahot Jupiter Contains Iron in Its Atmosphere

by Natali Anderson

Astronomers have discovered a highly-irradiated gas giant exoplanet in close-in, highly misaligned orbit around a bright star called TOI-1518.

An artist’s rendition of the ultrahot Jupiter TOI-1518b and its parent star.

Image credit: Sci-News.com.

TOI-1518 is a fast-rotating F-type star located approximately 742 light-years away in the constellation of Cepheus.

Also designated as TIC 427761355 and BD+66 1610, it is almost two times larger and more massive than the Sun.

The newfound planet, TOI-1518b, is an inflated gas giant about 1.9 times the size of Jupiter.

It orbits its parent star once every 1.9 days at a distance of 0.04 AU (astronomical units).

“The new planet falls within the category of ultrahot Jupiters, which have equilibrium temperatures exceeding 2,000 K,” said Yale University astronomer Samuel Cabot and colleagues.

“Many ultrahot Jupiters contain vaporized metals, both neutral and ionized, in their upper atmospheres.”

“These metals and molecules containing them are recognized as strong sources of opacity in the optical and near-ultraviolet regions.”

TOI-1518b was first identified as a candidate transiting exoplanet in photometric data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).

The presence of the planet was then confirmed using high-resolution optical transmission spectra from the EXtreme PREcision Spectrometer (EXPRES) on the Lowell Discovery Telescope.

Additionally, Cabot and co-authors detected iron vapor in the atmosphere of TOI-1518b.

“TOI-1518b is highly inflated, which makes it amenable to intensive atmospheric characterization,” they said.

“The equilibrium temperature of TOI-1518b (2,492 K) is in the regime where the planet might exhibit a thermal inversion.”

“This, combined with the brightness of the host star, makes TOI-1518b an attractive target for follow-up emission spectroscopy.”

The team’s paper will be published in the Astronomical Journal.

_____

• Samuel H.C. Cabot et al. 2021. TOI-1518b: A Misaligned Ultra-hot Jupiter with Iron in its Atmosphere. AJ, in press; arXiv: 2108.11403

{ http://www.sci-news.com/ }

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot has always been a mysterious feature and now it’s getting even stranger with stronger winds. NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope collected the data regarding the discovery of the accelerating wind speeds.

Jupiter’s massive storm, which is known as the Great Red Spot, is located in the southern hemisphere of the planet. It was first spotted in 1831 by amateur astronomer Samuel Heinrich Schwabe; however, it could be much older than that. The crimson-colored clouds of the storm rotate in a counter-clockwise direction with speeds that are more powerful than 400 miles per hour (644 kilometers per hour). It has been shrinking in size and turning into a more circular shape rather than an oval. It has a diameter of about 10,000 miles (a little over 16,000 kilometers) which means that Earth could still fit inside of the storm.

By studying Hubble’s “storm reports”, researchers noticed that the wind speed just inside of the storm’s boundaries (this area is called the high-speed ring) accelerated as much as 8% from 2009 to 2020. On the other hand, the wind speeds close to the center of the storm are actually slower.

More specifically, Hubble detected that the wind speeds changed less than 1.6 miles per hour (2.6 kilometers per hour) each year as explained by Amy Simon from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, “We’re talking about such a small change that if you didn’t have eleven years of Hubble data, we wouldn’t know it happened.” “With Hubble we have the precision we need to spot a trend.”

Michael Wong, who is from the University of California, Berkeley, and who led the analysis, noted, “We find that the average wind speed in the Great Red Spot has been slightly increasing over the past decade,” adding, “We have one example where our analysis of the two-dimensional wind map found abrupt changes in 2017 when there was a major convective storm nearby.”

While it’s very interesting that the wind speeds have picked up, experts are uncertain as to what it means for the storm’s future as Wong stated, “That’s hard to diagnose, since Hubble can’t see the bottom of the storm very well. Anything below the cloud tops is invisible in the data.” “But it’s an interesting piece of data that can help us understand what’s fueling the Great Red Spot and how it’s maintaining energy.”

For now, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is continuing to amaze and baffle experts at the same time. A video and images of the wind changes in the Gas Giant’s massive storm can be seen here.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Are NASA, the other space agencies and private space companies wasting their time focusing on finding signs of life on Mars and using this to justify and/or air creating human settlements there? That may be the case if you listen to researchers from the Washington University in St. Louis who say size matters when it comes to life on other planets and Mars is just too small to have it or sustain it because it’s too tiny to have water.

“Mars’ fate was decided from the beginning. There is likely a threshold on the size requirements of rocky planets to retain enough water to enable habitability and plate tectonics, with mass exceeding that of Mars.”

In a university press release announcing the publication of a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Kun Wang, assistant professor of earth and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences and senior author of the study explains how his team reached its conclusion about Mars being more like a dried pit than a juicy life-supporting olive. While the non-natural water-filled ‘canals’ that astronomers of the 19th and 20th centuries believed they saw on the Martian surface have been proven to be optical illusions, Martian rocks and Martian meteors found on Earth show solid evidence that the planet once had natural rivers and channels. However, the most recent explorations have found no water on the Martian surface. Wang and his colleagues turned to an unexpected element to resolve this discrepancy – potassium (K).

Did Mars ever look like this?

“This study presents K isotope data from a spectrum of martian lithologies as an isotopic tracer for comparing the inventories of highly and moderately volatile elements and compounds of planetary bodies. Here, we show that meteorites from Mars have systematically heavier K isotopic compositions than the bulk silicate Earth, implying a greater loss of K from Mars than from Earth.”

The team used stable isotopes of potassium (K) to estimate volatile elements and compounds — including water — on planets, satellites and large asteroids. They found that Mars, Earth, the Moon and the asteroid 4-Vesta had large amounts of volatile elements compounds when they were formed, but Mars lost more than Earth, and the Moon and 4-Vesta lost more than both. The evidence pointed to size as the deciding factor for how much water a planet or space rock retained. For the Red Planet, Wang says the key was the Martian meteorites found on Earth.

“Those Martian meteorites have ages varying from several hundred millions to 4 billion years and recorded Mars’ volatile evolution history. Through measuring the isotopes of moderately volatile elements, such as potassium, we can infer the degree of volatile depletion of bulk planets and make comparisons between different solar system bodies.”

Wang points out that those meteorites also dispute a prevailing theory that Mars once had even more water than Earth. As a result, astronomers now have an easy technique for determining if an exoplanet in a star’s habitable “Goldilocks” zone is a good prospect for life.

“The size of an exoplanet is one of the parameters that is easiest to determine. Based on size and mass, we now know whether an exoplanet is a candidate for life, because a first-order determining factor for volatile retention is size.”

Sorry, Mars — you may not even have enough to fill the bottle

Which brings us back to Mars. Although it’s in the Sun’s habitable zone, this study’s results make Mars too small to retain water for life. Should space agencies and companies move on to another planet or Moon? Good luck convincing them to abandon exploring the planet that has captured the imagination of astronomers and science fiction fans for centuries. Venus may be closer, but they can at least see where they’re going on Mars. Even if it doesn’t have enough water, the experience will prepare space travelers for the next longer mission to a better candidate.

Sorry, Mars … size matters.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

According to a new study conducted by Chinese astronomers, there could be as many as a million small asteroids heading towards our planet within the next century. But apparently there’s no need to panic as the impact risk is low and the majority of the asteroids are less than 100 meters in width (328 feet). On the other hand, they if they do impact our planet, they would have more kinetic energy than what is in an atomic bomb.

Professor Gan Qingbo and colleagues at the Space Debris Observation and Data Application Centre at the China National Space Administration stated that the short-term hazardous asteroids (SHA) are very hard to track in space as they explained, “The accurate identification of impact threat targets and early warning capabilities requires more precise algorithms for orbit determination and impact risk assessment.”

The researchers looked through a global asteroid database and focused on the orbits of smaller asteroids and they discovered that over 700 of them could potentially hit our planet in the next century. Five of the asteroids had a one in a thousand chance of impacting our planet, although their constantly changing orbits could affect those probabilities. Then they conducted physical models on asteroid formation and estimated that there could be between 100,000 and a million short-term hazardous asteroids lurking around.

Since a lot of astronomers focus their attention on much larger space objects, they could be ignoring the smaller asteroids that may also be potentially dangerous. For example, a small asteroid measuring just 19 meters (62 feet) exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013 but it still caused an extremely powerful explosion that was approximately 30 times stronger than the Hiroshima blast. Furthermore, the shock waves caused damage to over 7,200 buildings but thankfully nobody died.

This is a perfect example of a small asteroid causing significant damage. There is no reason for us to run for cover though as Professor Chen Ping, who is a Guangzhou-based geologist with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained that the SHAs are “an interesting topic for academic research and public discussions, but that should be as far as it goes,” and that since they are so small, they would probably just burn up in our atmosphere. Let’s hope he’s right.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Strange Occurrence, Could It Be The Sun & A Dark Saucer Shaped UFO Seen Over The UK.

Bright light punching through the clouds then disappearing. Also we have a dark saucer shaped UFO spotted in the UK.

Video Sources

Nathalia with N (UFO Channel)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDAlR... 

Amazing34

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=srgF7...

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Even the Quiet Supermassive Black Holes are Blasting out Neutrinos and Gamma Rays

Is there anywhere in the Universe where we can escape from radiation? Certainly not here on Earth. And not in space itself, which is filled with diffuse radiation in the form of gamma rays and neutrinos. Scientists have struggled to explain where all those gamma rays and neutrinos come from. A trio of researchers is proposing a source for all that radiation in a new paper: resting black holes.

Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH) likely reside in the center of every large galaxy like the Milky Way. When those SMBHs are actively accreting matter they can spew out a lot of radiation across the entire spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. When that happens they’re called active galactic nuclei. But what about SMBHs that are quiet?

A new study says even quiescent SMBHs are emitting gamma rays and neutrinos. The discovery helps explain why the Universe is awash in energetic particles.

The title of the paper is “Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos.” It’s published in the journal Nature Communications, and the lead author is Shigeo Kimura from Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.

Neutrinos are nearly massless subatomic particles and are electrically neutral, which is where they get their name. As a result, their gravitational interaction is near zero, and they don’t interact with the strong nuclear force either. They’re extremely difficult to detect, and they’re passing through your body right now.

Gamma rays, on the other hand, are not difficult to detect. They’re the most energetic photons in the Universe and you definitely don’t want any passing through your body. They’re released in atomic bomb detonations, among other things. Space-based detectors have found gamma rays with voltages in the gigaelectron range. If electron volt ranges aren’t your thing, just think of them as more energetic than visible light by orders of magnitude.

So scientists know a lot about both neutrinos and gamma rays, they just aren’t sure where they all come from. This research might have the answer. “The Universe is filled with a diffuse background of MeV gamma-rays and PeV neutrinos, whose origins are unknown. Here, we propose a scenario that can account for both backgrounds simultaneously,” the authors write.

Scientists think they know where powerful background gamma-rays in the gigaelectron volt (GeV) to teraelectron (TeV) volt ranges come from. They come from AGNs and probably star-forming galaxies. But the source of softer gamma-rays, those in the megaelectron volt (MeV) ranges are unknown. Same with many neutrinos.

This paper shows that low luminosity galactic nuclei could account for both the neutrinos and the gamma rays.

A black hole’s enormous mass and gravitational pull draws matter toward it. It forms an accretion disk of swirling matter, and eventually, the matter falls into the black hole. When that happens an enormous amount of gravitational energy is released. That energy heats up gas around the hole and creates plasma. In this case, the low-accreting black hole has insufficient cooling and the plasma’s temperature can reach tens of billions of degrees Celsius.

What happens is the plasma energizes protons to an extreme degree. They can be 10,000 times more energetic than what the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) can achieve, and the LHC is our most powerful particle accelerator. As these high-speed protons interact with matter and radiation, they produce neutrinos. This can account for the higher energy range neutrinos detected in space.

A similar mechanism produces gamma-rays. As the electrons reach extremely high temperatures, they become efficient producers of gamma-rays in the MeV range through a process called Comptonization.

So the high-temperature plasma around quiet black holes can produce neutrinos and gamma-rays. Even though these types of black holes are dim and difficult to see, there are a lot of them. It’s reasonable to think they could account for background radiation in the form of gamma-rays and neutrinos.

But this is just a proposed mechanism. There’s no conclusive proof yet. Where will that come from?

Most of our gamma-ray detectors aren’t tuned to the MeV frequency. They’re tuned to higher energy levels. What’s needed is what the authors call a “multimessenger” detector. That’s a detector that detects both gamma-rays and neutrinos at the same time, in the right energy ranges. Proposed missions like e-ASTROGAM, the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory (AMEGO), and the Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey (GRAMS) should help.

More:

• Press Release: Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from Mellow Supermassive Black Holes
• Research: Soft gamma rays from low accreting supermassive black holes and connection to energetic neutrinos
• Universe Today: Finally an Answer to why Gamma Rays are Coming From Seemingly Empty Space

The post Even the Quiet Supermassive Black Holes are Blasting out Neutrinos and Gamma Rays appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/152773/even-the-quiet-supermassive-black-holes-are-blasting-out-neutrinos-and-gamma-rays/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

• https://www.universetoday.com/152766/dozens-of-robots-competed-to-race-through-underground-caves/

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

Aging White Dwarfs Become Even More Magnetic

In a few billion years the Sun will end its life as a white dwarf. As the Sun runs out of hydrogen to fuse for energy it will collapse under its own weight. Gravity will compress the Sun until it’s roughly the size of Earth, at which point a bit of quantum physics will kick in. Electrons from the Sun’s atoms will push back against gravity, creating what is known as degeneracy pressure. Once a star reaches this state it will cool over time, and the once brilliant star will eventually fade into the dark.

Most stars in the universe will end as a white dwarf. Only the largest stars will explode as supernovae and become neutron stars or black holes. There are lots of white dwarfs in the Milky Way, but many of them can be difficult to study.

For one thing, white dwarfs don’t produce energy in their cores as regular stars do. They cool and fade as they age, so we tend to see the youngest and brightest white dwarfs. Observations of white dwarfs are also biased toward those with the smallest mass. That’s because the more massive a white dwarf is, the smaller it is. The reason for this has to do with the balance between electron degeneracy pressure and gravity. In a white dwarf, the electrons act as a sort of quantum gas. The more massive the white dwarf, the more tightly its gravity can squeeze the electrons, hence a smaller volume.

Fortunately, we’re getting better at studying smaller and cooler white dwarfs, as a recent study shows. The team used data from the Gaia spacecraft to find white dwarfs within 20 parsecs of Earth. In addition to known white dwarfs, the team identified about 100 white dwarfs that had never been cataloged. They then looked at the spectrum of these white dwarfs using ISIS spectrograph and polarimeter on the William Herschel Telescope. Since the spectrum of a white dwarf is affected by its magnetic field, the team was able to measure the strength of their magnetic fields.

They found an interesting result. There is a correlation between the age of a white dwarf and its magnetic field. The older a white dwarf is, the more likely it has a strong magnetic field. In other words, white dwarfs tend to become more magnetic as they age. This suggests that white dwarf magnetic fields are created through the cooling process of the star.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

On September 24, Dr. Michael Salla received a new update about recent developments in Antarctica concerning former Dark Fleet bases taken over by China, and how these were being turned over to the Earth Alliance as a result of the Jupiter Agreements. 

The update was released by Val Nek, from the Galactic Federation of Worlds, through Megan Rose who again relayed the information.  

The video below is an audio version of an article published on Sept 27, 2021, and narrated by the author Dr. Michael Salla. 

Update 2: Michael Salla - Interesting synchronicity. 

Today I received Ben Fulford's latest update. His sources are telling him a major East/West agreement has just been reached involving China, which has joined a massive tech project to improve the planet. 

That corroborates the update just received from Val Nek about China joining the Earth Alliance, and now working for common purposes for planetary defense, building a planetary starfleet, mass producing and releasing advanced healing technologies, etc. 

This kind of independent corroboration is always helpful when trying to substantiate events taking place behind the scenes.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

“Abandon Earth”: The Alleged Message Received by Voyager 2

An alleged alien binary code message was downloaded by a US NCO, and appears to contain a shocking warning to humanity.

The famous American researcher Linda Moulton Howe translated some of these binary codes thanks to the support of a US Army sergeant.

It was launched on August 20, 1977 by NASA aboard the Titan-Centaur rocket, just before its sister probe, Voyager 1, in an orbit that would eventually take it to visit the main planets of the Solar System.

But during its journey through the solar system, the probe was allegedly tampered with, and it suddenly changed the encoding of messages sent to Earth.

The anomaly began on April 22, 2010 and among the most disturbing hypotheses, they relate it to an extraterrestrial sabotage. 

CJ’s message reads as follows:

Continuing protection of humanity 49.27n
11.5e. Exposing Hidden Knowledge to ALL Citizens’ Advancement Imperative for Planetary Survival
Orion Attention 1,350.3 39,170
Avoid Sending (Signals) or Messages

NASA expert Kevin Baines, who is leading the mission, said that “it appeared that someone had taken control of the spacecraft and reprogrammed the probe, so we may not yet know the whole truth.”

Later, Kevin Baines reported that the probe was located about 15 billion kilometers from Earth and suddenly began sending data in a language that none of the experts could understand.

This can only happen in one case: “someone has changed the probe’s communication system”, and if so, we would be talking about another civilization that is navigating the cosmos.

From an analysis performed by the reception of Voyager 2’s encrypted signals, it was observed with amazement that the binary code of the probe’s communication system was changed from 0 to 1.

NASA noted that the rest of the probe’s onboard system had not undergone any modifications – reboot, reprogramming, and reboot – and therefore work continues as usual.

But what seems to have changed is the communication system … that has sent a message to Earth that supposedly says: “Leave Earth.”

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

Mars Helicopter Spots Martian 'Road' In Glorious New Photo

The latest picture from Ingenuity reveals a stunning look at Mars' South Séítah region — and further proves why the helicopter is so special.

‘ONZE' OORTWOLK TELT MOGELIJK MEER INTERSTELLAIRE BEZOEKERS DAN INHEEMSE OBJECTEN

Vivian Lammerse

Bronmateriaal:

• "Interstellar comets like Borisov may not be all that rare" - Harvard-Smithsonian Center For Astrophysics
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: NASA, ESA and D. Jewitt (UCLA)

ALLE GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, uitgekozen en gepost door peter2011

{ https://www.scientias.nl/ }

8 Ancient Chinese Inventions the West Had Not Imagined

According to the statistics provided by the World Economic Forum, nowadays China can boast its position as the world’s second largest spender on scientific research and development, yielding only to the United States.

Yet, surprisingly enough, China is not only a producer but also an inventor of a great many things and even technologies that the US and much older nations use daily.

When numerous tribes were searching for the best lands all across Europe and couldn’t even imagine that the Atlantic Ocean separated them from the other large continents, the Chinese civilization was establishing, developing, and revolutionizing oriental science and technology.

Of course, China can’t be credited with the invention of the mobile phone, Internet or other modern technologies. But what this nation did give to the whole of humanity thousands of years ago advanced different industries and improved different aspects of human life. What’s more, the influence of all those ingenious ancient Chinese inventions can be tracked even to the 21st century.

• Taking Beauty to New Heights in China: What Stunning Sights Emerge on Huangshan and its Bridge of Immortals?
• Breathtaking Scenery and Fascinating Traditions Connected to the Five Great Mountains of China

Today, we all can enjoy flavorful Chinese teas, present exquisite Chinese porcelain to connoisseurs, be amazed by the intricacy of Chinese silk, and improve our health with the help of Chinese medical traditions and advancements.

However, that’s just a tiny part of the enormous heritage that ancient China left for the global future.

Documenting the Chinese Contribution

Dr. Joseph Needham was one of the first and most prominent Western scientists who tried to shed light on Chinese achievements and contributions to the development of our whole world. The British biochemist and historian became captivated by China’s attitude and approach to science and technology after his trip to this country in 1942.

Needham’s admiration for Chinese history, culture and language, as well as his extraordinary intelligence, led him to work on a huge project, now widely known as “ Science and Civilization in China ”.

It comprises 27 published books in 7 volumes on the subject and covers each and every aspect: from mathematics to medicine.

Science and Civilisation in China (Chinese translation) by Joseph Needham.

( CC BY-SA 3.0 )

Joseph Needham enthusiastically described dozens of ancient Chinese inventions which were (and remain) widely used in the Western world that one couldn’t even imagine they actually had come from the Far East.

So, what did this centuries-old, wise, and still mysterious civilization give us for nothing, literally?

Paper, Toilet Paper, Paper Money, and the Menu

The invention of paper allowed the invention of the other three helpful things mentioned here. So, let’s put all four of them into one category – paper invention.

Europeans were buying papyrus from Egypt and using parchment for all those centuries when the Chinese were enjoying real paper. Although it didn’t look quite like the modern paper we are used to writing on, it turned out to be a more convenient and durable material.

Historical records attribute the invention of papermaking to Cai Lun, a eunuch of the emperor’s court. Although it’s officially acknowledged that papermaking was born in AD 105, recent investigations have traced it back to the 2nd century BC.

Some may argue that papyrus had been produced in Egypt since 3000 BC and served its purpose well for many centuries. However, in the 14th-15th centuries Europe also opted for paper. And this choice speaks for itself.

Obviously, if China invented papermaking, it must be the creator of… toilet paper. The first recorded use of it dates back to AD 851, during the Tang dynasty. But it was the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) when the popularity of toilet paper among the imperial court increased.

In the Western world toilet paper became commercially available only in the second half on the 19th century, after it was “reinvented” by Joseph C. Gayetty in 1857.

In the 9th century AD the Chinese started using paper to print money. The first paper bills served as credit or exchange notes. Merchants could receive them for deposing metal coins, without any losses in the value of “cash”.

A printing plate and banknote. The Yuan dynasty. 

(CC BY-SA 3.0 )

China has always been a grand trader, welcoming merchants and adventurers from all around the world. The large number of foreigners who couldn’t speak the Chinese language is said to be the reason for inventing… a restaurant menu as early as the times of the Song dynasty (960–1279). The Chinese already had paper, so using it to make menus was a reasonable idea, wasn’t it?

Printing

Despite the availability of much earlier artifacts of printing in the Far East, the Diamond Sutra is considered to be the very first book printed on paper at regular size. According to the records, it was made in AD 868, during the Tang dynasty. At that time woodblock printing was gaining popularity, simplifying the spread of religious texts without modifications.

• The Untold History of The Wheel And Its Evolution
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A page from the Diamond Sutra, the world’s first printed book. 

(Public Domain )

Early masters put ink on an inscribed wooden block. The ink rolled over the surface of characters carved into the wood. After printing, a reversed picture of the wooden block was left on paper that took the ink easily. A single block could produce about 20,000 copies.

One century later Bi Sheng upgraded this technique by introducing movable type printing. Movable individual characters, carved on clay pieces and hardened with fire, could be attached to an iron plate to print one page of text. It was then broken up and reorganized to print another page.

By the way, Johann Gutenberg used almost the same technology to print the first Bible in the 1450s.

Alcohol

The 2004 research by University of Pennsylvania claimed that the Chinese might have been the first nation to discover fermentation and distillation processes used to create alcohol. The team of scientists studied dried organic materials that they found in ancient jars. The results of a complex analysis allowed them to state that the Chinese drank alcoholic beverages as early as 9,000 years ago.

Traditional Chinese rice wine containers.

( Pantira /Adobe Stock)

The legend has it that Yi Di, the wife of Yu the Great, who was the emperor of the mystical dynasty Xia, was the first to prepare an alcoholic drink for her husband. That might have happened around 2000 BC.

So, the history of wine and beer making takes its roots from China, which nowadays is, ironically, not so well known for the production and export of alcohol.

Forks

Surely, chopsticks make an integral part of Chinese exotica. But the finds from the recent excavation of the tomb of Qin Shihuang, the first non-mythical emperor of China (259 BC - 210 BC), prove that the Chinese created forks of quite a modern design many hundreds of years ago. Why the Chinese didn’t and don’t use them is another question.

Nonetheless, the West can thank this nation for their creativity and practicality. At the end of the day, it’s quite difficult for us to imagine our traditional breakfasts and dinners without forks.

Compass

Arab traders are likely to have brought the compass to Europe. Thus, our distant ancestors started using it in navigation to find the right direction in the stormy seas and to discover new lands.

However, the compass is one of the greatest ancient Chinese inventions. It was created around the 3rd century BC and initially used by… fortunetellers. Chinese navigators began to use it in ships not earlier than during the Song dynasty, that is around the 10th century AD.

Chinese compass of the Han dynasty. 

(CC BY-SA 3.0 )

By the way, unlike the modern compass that points north, the ancient Chinese compass pointed south. The “needle” of the Chinese compass was made from lodestone in the form of a spoon. Lodestone naturally points south, and that gave Chinese sailors an additional strategic advantage: south is always the direction of the sun when it’s midday. So there’s no wonder why smart Chinese navigation became a model for the whole world.

• The South-Pointing Chariot: This Ancient Chinese Invention Led Armies In a Unique and Impressive Way
• Conrad Haas’ Flying Javelin: Yes, It Is 16th Century Rocket Science

Mechanical Clock

The prototype of our mechanical watches and clocks existed first in China too. Its creator was Buddhist monk Yi Xing. He came up with the first model of the mechanical clock in AD 725, two centuries before the idea of it struck Westerners.

According to his design, dripping water powered a big wheel which made one full revolution in one day – 24 hours.

During the Song dynasty, official Su Song modernized the clock so it could tell not only the time of the day but also the day of the month, the phase of the Moon, and the positions of some stars and planets. Su Song built a clock tower and added a chain-driven mechanism to the sophisticated system of gears and wheels that made the clock turn.

Earthquake Detector

We may know it better as a seismograph, though almost 2,000 years ago it looked more like a beautiful bronze vase. What was its secret?

Zhang Heng’s seismometer . 

(Muséum de Toulouse/ CC BY-ND 2.0 )

Inside the vessel there is a pendulum that can be moved by an earth tremor. The swing of the pendulum sets in motion the internal levers inside the vessel. This triggers the release of a small ball held by a dragon that faces the direction of the epicenter of the tremor. This ball falls into the mouth of a frog right below it, hence heralding the danger.

In China earthquakes are frequent, so the stylish device did stand this country in good stead for hundreds of years.

The Western prototype of the modern seismograph was designed in Persia in the 13th century and in France no earlier than in the beginning of the 18th century.

Rockets

China’s recent achievements in space exploration are impressive. Probably, in the 3rd century AD the inventors of rockets couldn’t even dream that their descendants would once see the Earth from the skies. But the memory and historical records about their innovation inspired distant generations to build huge and powerful spacecrafts.

Drawing of an early Mongolian soldier lighting a rocket.

( Public Domain )

But let’s go back to the ancient times and see how it worked there.

The counter-force, required to set a rocket in motion, was produced by ignited gunpowder, which is actually another Chinese invention. For example, during the Song dynasty, the Chinese stuffed a paper tube with gunpowder and attached this tube to an arrow that they could launch with a bow.

Obviously, such invention was widely used in military. But it also became an integral part of traditional Chinese entertainment – fireworks.

• Top image: Great Wall of China, China.
• Source: By Hanson Lu on Unsplash

By Daria Shatsylo.

{https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

New Bedford UFO Sighting Near Buttonwood Park Over the Weekend

A video was sent to the WBSM Facebook page that we could not help but take a closer look at.

Cam Fortes sent us a video that his brother, Noah recorded on Saturday, September 25. Noah told us that the video was taken around 7:30 p.m. near Buttonwood Park in New Bedford. The flashing lights appear to be hovering over the CVS on Kempton Street.

Over the chorus of Rupert Holmes' "Escape (The Pina Colada Song)," you can hear Noah say that the two flashing lights are moving in sync. The video was less than 10 seconds, but that was enough to intrigue us about these two flashing orange orbs.

“They almost seemed like they were levitating and just standing still almost,” Fortes said. “I wish I got more footage, but they were just moving in sync. They were orange orbs and they were diagonal from each other. It was honestly quite weird how in sync they were!”

WBSM reached out to Scot Servis, the Airport Manager at New Bedford Regional Airport, for some insight on the video.

"My vote is a drone, but with the green lights either disabled or covered,” Servis said. “If it was a helicopter, you would have heard it. It's moving too slow to be an airplane. Just my two cents."

A drone would make sense as you might not be able to hear it depending on how high it was elevated above you. And the restrictions on lights for drones is not as carefully regulated as a plane or helicopter would be.

This is the second UFO sighting reported to our radio station since Tuesday, September 21. The first one was captured by Jordan Costa and Donna Santos outside of their home in Westport.

{  https://wbsm.com/ }

Encounters with mysterious, glowing balls of light – ones that have the mystifying ability to change into the forms of strange and savage creatures – have been reported on more than a few occasions in Texas. A classic example is the large body of data that surrounds a certain huge area of forest in Texas. As someone who is proud to call the Dallas-Fort Worth area my home, I am all too well aware that many people think and assume that Texas is just one big desert. In reality, however, that’s far from the case. Yes, West Texas is extremely flat and filled with almost endless fields of cotton. And, it’s also true that South Texas has its fair share of harsh and scalding landscapes. However, Central, North, and East Texas are very different: they are dominated by thick forestland that extends for miles and miles…and miles. Indeed, a 2011 Forest Inventory and Analysis report prepared by the Texas Forest Service revealed that Texas’ woods ran to 62.4 million acres, and which cover almost forty percent of the state. And it’s to one particular area of dense woodland that we have to turn our attention to. Its name: the Big Thicket.

(Nick Redfern)

Located in the Piney Woods area of East Texas, the Big Thicket has a most apt moniker: it is a huge, 83,000-acre area of woodland. “Dense” barely begins to describe the massive, forested environment, which is home to numerous wild animals, including alligators and bobcats – as well as to other creatures of a very odd kind, as we’ll soon see. Running through the heart of the Big Thicket is a long, thin, and incredibly sandy old road called Bragg Road. That’s not what the locals call it, though. To them, it is known as Ghost Light Road. Or, just Ghost Road. There is a very good reason for this: for at least three centuries, people have reported seeing weird, small balls of light flitting through the trees late at night. But, we’re not talking about anything quite as down to earth as fireflies. These particular lights vary in size from – approximately – a tennis ball to a beach ball. They also exhibit evidence of intelligence: witnesses describe the lights approaching them, even circling them, in what is occasionally perceived as a playful fashion. Such is the interest that the lights provoke in the people that live there, and in visitors too, a historical marker has been erected at the start of Bragg Road and which details the strange story of the lights.

(Nick Redfern) Nick Redfern and the late Rob Riggs

The late Rob Riggs was a well-known figure in the Bigfoot research field and someone who spent a significant portion of his life living in the Big Thicket area. Riggs collected numerous reports of the mysterious ghost lights, dating back to the 1800s. But, Riggs did far more than that: he also catalogued an astonishing number of reports of what seemed to be Bigfoot and large, black leopards. I say “seemed to be” for a very good reason. While most people who have reported seeing large black cats, and who have had hairy wild-man type encounters in the Big Thicket, the vast majority are content to conclude they encountered animals of the type that very few ever get to encounter. But, not all of them. A small body of individuals have sworn that the large cats and the hairy humanoids – when spotted by the astonished and sometimes terrified onlookers – vanished before their eyes. We’re not talking about them making hasty getaways into the woods. Rather, we are talking about the “animals” – in an instant – changing form from big cat and Bigfoot to a small, brightly-lit globe of light. The ghost lights that have been staple parts of the area for centuries, of course.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Marsrover InSight detecteert 3 grote bevingen op rode planeet, inclusief klepper die bijna 1,5 uur duurde

Marsrover ‘InSight’ heeft recent drie grote bevingen op de rode planeet gedetecteerd. Eén van die bevingen duurde bijna 90 minuten lang en had liefst vijf keer meer energie dan de vorige recordhouder uit 2019. De NASA-wetenschappers van de missie sprongen een gat in de lucht toen ze de data binnenkregen, want het zijn grote bevingen als deze die hen ontzettend veel leren over hoe rotsachtige werelden gevormd worden en evolueren, zoals ook de aarde en haar maan. En dan te denken dat de robot eerder dit jaar bijna zijn seismometer moest stilleggen door energietekort en een hoop stof op zijn zonnepanelen.

  Bron: NASA, Business Insider

Lander InSight zat op zaterdag 18 september, op zijn 1.000e dag of ‘sol’ op Mars, rustig te zitten in de lege, weidse stofvlakten van de rode planeet toen de grond plots begon te rommelen. De beving duurde uiteindelijk bijna anderhalf uur lang. De Marsrover stuurde de data meteen met zijn seismometer terug naar de aarde. Toen de onderzoekers bij NASA de info binnenkregen, realiseerden ze zich dat InSight de grootste en langste Marsbeving ooit tijdens zijn missie had gedetecteerd. 

Lees ook

• 

  Perseverance 100 dagen op Mars: dit zijn de strafste foto’s tot nu toe

• 

  Perseverance neemt allereerste monster van rots op Mars

InSight had een beving met een kracht van minstens 4.2 op de schaal van Richter van bijna 90 minuten lang vastgelegd - exact het type beving waar de wetenschappers op gehoopt hadden sinds de rover op de rode planeet is geland in november 2018. Recent waren er bovendien nog al twee redelijk grote bevingen: op 25 augustus voelde de lander twee - kortere - bevingen van 4.2 en 4.1. Daarvoor was de grootste beving die InSight ooit had meegemaakt tijdens de missie een exemplaar met een kracht van 3.7, ergens in 2019.

“Het lijkt erop dat er in verhouding tot het aantal kleine aardbevingen op Mars minder grote aardbevingen zijn dan we zouden verwachten. Het is een beetje mysterieus”, legde Bruce Banerdt, hoofdonderzoeker voor InSight, in april uit aan Business Insider. Maar de beving van zaterdag - die vijf keer meer energie had dan het gerommel van de recordbeving van twee jaar eerder - is het type klepper dat een belangrijk missend stukje van de grote Martiaanse puzzel kan bieden. 

Gedetailleerde blik op de binnenkant

© AP

De InSight-missie bestudeert seismische golven om meer te leren over de binnenkant van Mars. De golven veranderen als ze door de korst, mantel en kern van de planeet reizen, en bieden wetenschappers een manier om diep onder het oppervlak te kijken, een beetje zoals de golven van een X-ray of een CAT-scan worden gebruikt voor informatie over binnenin het menselijk lichaam.

Een meer gedetailleerde kijk op de binnenkant van Mars kan belangrijke aanwijzingen bieden over hoe de planeet is geboren en geëvolueerd doorheen de tijd. Kennis die cruciaal kan zijn bij de inspanningen van astronomen om andere werelden te vinden waar leven misschien mogelijk is en om rotsachtige werelden te begrijpen, inclusief de aarde en onze maan.

“Door de kern van Mars te bestuderen en de korst van Mars te bekijken, en te begrijpen dat deze niet erg zijn veranderd in de afgelopen 4,5 miljard jaar, kunnen we een glimps krijgen in hoe de aarde er mogelijk in een heel vroeg stadium heeft uitgezien”, aldus Banerdt. “Mars helpt ons begrijpen hoe rotsachtige planeten ontstaan en hoe ze evolueren.”

Meer dan 700 bevingen

In totaal heeft InSight tijdens zijn tijd op Mars al meer dan 700 bevingen gedetecteerd, en ze hebben samen al veel onthuld over de binnenkant. Zo ontdekten de onderzoekers dat de korst van Mars dunner is dan ze dachten en dat het meer zoals de korst van de maan is dan die van de aarde - het is opgebroken door de impact van asteroïden. Recent hebben de wetenschappers met behulp van de bevingen ook bepaald dat Mars een gesmolten kern heeft. Ze zijn nog niet zeker of er achter een gesmolten buitenkern nog een solide binnenkern verstopt zit, zoals het geval is op aarde.

Doordat de Martiaanse korst droog en gebroken is, duren de bevingen daar ook zoveel langer dan aardbevingen. Ze weerkaatsen tussen scheuren in de korst en er is niet zoveel vocht om ze te absorberen. De bevingen die InSight heeft vastgesteld op Mars duurden gewoonlijk 10 tot 40 minuten. 

De eerste selfie van Marslander InSight op 6 december 2018.  © NASA

Belangrijke reddingsactie

De drie recente grote bevingen hadden overigens evengoed niet waargenomen geweest, ware het niet dat de missie eerder dit jaar in een huzarenstukje slaagde om InSight ondanks veel moeilijkheden toch nog aan het werk te houden. 

De zeer elliptische baan van Mars bracht de planeet verder van de zon, waardoor de Marsrover geconfronteerd werd met lagere temperaturen en meer op zijn eigen verwarming moest rekenen om warm te blijven. Daar kwam bij dat grote stofophoping op de zonnepanelen van InSight het vermogen van de lander had verminderd, waardoor de missie noodgedwongen energie moest besparen door bepaalde instrumenten tijdelijk uit te schakelen.

Als we eerder dit jaar niet snel hadden gehandeld, hadden we echt heel goede wetenschap gemist.

Het team van wetenschappers slaagde erin om de seismometer toch nog te laten werken met een originele en ietwat contra-intuïtieve aanpak: ze gebruikten de robotarm van InSight om langzaam zand te laten druppelen in de buurt van één van de zonnepanelen in de hoop dat windvlagen de korrels over het paneel zouden voeren en zo een deel van het stof erop zouden wegvegen. Het plan lukte en tijdens verschillende stofopruimingsacties zag het team dat het vermogensniveau redelijk stabiel bleef. Een hele opluchting. Nu Mars de zon weer nadert, begint de kracht van de lander weer te groeien.

“Als we eerder dit jaar niet snel hadden gehandeld, hadden we echt heel goede wetenschap gemist”, zegt Banerdt in een reactie. “Zelfs na meer dan twee jaar lijkt Mars ons nog iets nieuw gegeven te hebben met deze grote bevingen, die ook unieke eigenschappen hebben.” 

Veel verder dan normaal

Beeld van Mars genomen door een andere Marsrover, Perseverance. 

© AFP

Terwijl de grootste beving van 18 september nog volop onderzocht wordt, weten de vorsers immers nu al een aantal interessante dingen van die van 25 augustus: zo vond de beving van 4.2 plaats op 8.500 kilometer afstand van InSight, dat is de verste beving die de lander tot nu toe heeft opspoord. De exacte locatie moet nog bepaald worden, maar één ding is zeker: de beving gebeurde te ver om te zijn ontstaan waar de Marsrover bijna alle vorige grote bevingen kon vastleggen, de ‘Cerberus Fossae’, een gebied meer dan 1.600 kilometer verder waar in laatste paar miljoenen jaren mogelijk lava heeft gestroomd. Eén erg intrigerende mogelijkheid is dat de beving gebeurde in ‘Valles Marineris’, het episch lange ravijnsysteem dat door de evenaar van Mars kronkelt.

Luidruchtig

Tot verbazing van de wetenschappers waren de twee bevingen op 25 augustus ook andere types. De beving van 4.2 kende trage vibraties met een lage frequentie, terwijl de beving van 4.1 heel snel en met vibraties van hoge frequenties gepaard ging. De tweede beving vond ook veel dichter bij de lander plaats, amper 925 kilometer. Wat de twee wel gemeen hebben - buiten dat het allebei om grote exemplaren ging - is dat ze beide overdag gebeurden op de meest winderige en, voor de seismometer, meest luidruchtige tijd op Mars.

Het is hoe dan ook allemaal goed nieuws voor seismologen: het kunnen bestuderen van verschillende grote bevingen van verschillende afstanden en met verschillende soorten seismische golven geeft meer informatie over de innerlijke structuur van een planeet. 

En intussen luistert InSight naarstig en geduldig verder naar de hartslag van Mars, in de hoop nog veel meer te kunnen ontdekken. Helemaal zelfstandig even, want de volgende drie weken krijgen de landers op Mars geen commando’s, aangezien de aarde en de rode planeet zich nu aan tegenovergestelde kanten van de zon bevinden. Deze periode van solar conjunction gebeurt elke twee jaar.

De planeet Mars.  © REUTERS

GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, gekozen en gepost door peter2011

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

The fact is that many unknown objects, whether real or 'secret' man-made UFOs, fly through our sky that we don't know that they exist. 

source: www.mufon.com

  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Memetics And Neural Models Of Conspiracy Theories

Effects of UFO sightings on National Security

 By Leonard David

Credit: Piplsay

Over the past few years, UFOs have earned air time on primetime news and Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon (UAPs) have appeared in front-page stories published by The New York Times.

Question: What has happened in the last few years to bring these kinds of stories back to mainstream national attention?

A recent panel held as part of a two-day Future Security Forum co-hosted by Arizona State University (ASU) and New America on Sept. 13 and 14 explored this topic.

Credit: DOD/U.S. Navy/Inside Outer Space screengrab

Serious reports

ASU has released a press statement on the meeting, detailing aspects the segment on UFOs/UAPs:

“For a long time the feeling of the military between 1947 and roughly 1953 was this is a very tense post-war moment, the beginning of the Cold War. … It seemed very possible that foreign adversaries like the Soviets had developed craft that could easily outmaneuver us and travel several times faster than the speed of sound, and so it was a very real concern that there were things in our airspace that we couldn’t account for,” said Gideon Lewis-Kraus, 2017 national fellow at New America and staff writer for The New Yorker.

“But the point was serious reports were coming in from credible people, people like military pilots, civilian pilots. There were hundreds of these (reports) coming into the Air Force every year. So, the feeling was something had to be done about the fact that all of these strange sightings were happening.”

GOFAST
Credit: DOD/U.S. Navy/Inside Outer Space screengrab

Countervailing tendencies

Lewis-Kraus added that, on the other hand, the U.S. wanted to project a powerful image of itself and not acknowledge things that it didn’t understand — UFOs — were entering its airspace, causing American officials’ opinions on the matter to split.

“There was also the feeling that we could not show that we were ignorant of stuff going on in our airspace, we couldn’t show that there were repeated incursions into our airspace, potentially by adversaries that we couldn’t account for — and especially in the early moments of the Cold War, we never wanted to project that kind of weakness,” Lewis-Kraus said.

“So, there were two countervailing tendencies among officials. There was the feeling we should take weird things seriously because it’s the only way we’re going to learn there’s stuff going on that’s beyond our ken, and on the other hand, we need to prevent people from taking weird things too seriously or it’ll look like no one’s minding the store.”

Credit: Amazon

Mainstream media

These differing approaches on addressing UFO sightings ultimately culminated in congressional hearings in the 1960s and the publication of a report, “Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects,” which dismissed the phenomenon, despite the government still keeping track of UFO sightings unbeknownst to the general public.

“To some extent, the history of this time shows that UFO conspiracy theories aren’t totally wrong to believe that there was in fact a concerted effort to get people not to take this stuff seriously, and it worked. After about 1970, that’s when you start seeing the mainstream media making fun of these things — you see most official announcements making fun of these things,” Lewis-Kraus said.

“But at the same time, behind the scenes, you still have people taking it seriously because the concerns about potential national security implications never went away. So, the decision was in public we still need to project strength, we need to show we know what’s going on and that we’re never left puzzled by flying enigmas.”

One possible reason that stories of UFO sightings are now appearing on mainstream outlets more frequently is because of increased interest among a new generation of officials.

“There’s no reason to believe that our high-ranking government officials, both elected and in the military, are prone to have more reasonable, rational beliefs than the rest of us,” Lewis-Kraus said. “The sort of cynical answer is well, lots of people are interested in UFOs, so this [is] a matter of a few kind of ‘UFO nuts’ who managed to end up in positions of power where they could fund UFO studies.”

Credit: DARPA

Drone swarms

Another reason for the increase in dialogue around UFO sightings: the widespread adoption and deployment of drone technology.

“It’s no surprise that this has coincided with the early years of widespread drone deployment, and increasingly over the last couple years, there’s definitely some evidence that at least some of these mysterious UFO sightings over our carrier groups probably represented drone swarms,” Lewis-Kraus said.

“And so then the balance that had set the taboo in motion began to shift, that all of the sudden it seemed less important for us to emphasize that we knew everything that was going on in the air and a little bit more important for us to say, ‘Look, if we’re hearing weird things from our pilots, we might need to concede our puzzlement in public in order to make sure that we are getting good information from the people who are on the front lines to tell us what’s going on.’”

But the government’s ambivalence about publicizing UFO sightings is unlikely to change anytime soon.

“There’s always this question of to what extent do you want to leave yourself open and vulnerable by saying that you don’t know what’s going on,” he said. “And I think that the UFO story is a great case study in why exactly we would admit uncertainty and ambivalence and why we would hide that uncertainty and ambivalence.”

Go to this YouTube at:

https://youtu.be/cQCXroIIiq4

VIDEO-archief - BELGISCH UFO-MELDPUNT

Compilatievideo's per jaar

Ieder jaar ontvangen we verschillende video-opnames van objecten of fenomenen die mensen niet meteen weten te identificeren.

Op het einde van elke video lees je het oordeel van onze medewerkers over de ingestuurde beelden.

{ https://ufomeldpunt.be/ }

Multiple alerts to Belgian UFO hotline after satellite launch

 NASA Rocket from California mistaken for UFO over Suffolk

The 590 ton, 58 meter tall rocket was designed by Lockheed Martin and operated by United Launch Alliance. 

On board the rocket was Landsat 9, a NASA satellite launched into orbit to observe the land surface of the Earth.

The satellite is used for monitoring landscapes across the world, including observing deforestation, urban expansion and glacial retreat. It is the latest in a 50 year history of the program.

According to the mission website: "Landsat 9 will extend our ability to measure changes on the global land surface at a scale where we can separate human and natural causes of change.

"When land use and resource availability issues arise, Landsat 9 will help decision makers make informed management decisions.

"Landsat 9 will thus contribute a critical component to the international strategy for monitoring the health and state of the Earth."

The satellite was successfully delivered into orbit — the photographs show the rocket's upper stage burning its engines in order to bring itself back into the atmosphere, where it can be safely burnt up.

NASA does this with spacecraft to avoid space junk, which can be dangerous for both satellites and manned missions.

The Swansea UFO network shared a picture of the light but assured their followers that it was the Atlas V rocket entering the atmosphere.

"Seen over Swansea/Wales/Uk last night around 10 30pm but don`t worry it’s the Atlas V rocket entering the atmosphere, to deliver 9 satellites to orbit! The rocket launched from California and was last seen heading north across the U.K," Swansea UFO Network wrote.

Watch video:

{ https://www.eadt.co.uk/ }

NASA’s Planetary Radar Spots Its 1,000th Near-Earth Asteroid

2021 PJ1, a near-Earth asteroid between 20 and 30 m (66-98 feet) across, safely flew past Earth on August 14, 2021 at a distance of over 1.7 million km (1 million miles). The approach was historic, marking the 1,000th near-Earth asteroid to be observed by NASA’s planetary radar in just over 50 years.

“Since the first radar observation of the asteroid 1566 Icarus in 1968, this powerful technique has been used to observe passing near-Earth objects (NEOs): asteroids and comets,” said Dr. Lance Benner of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and colleagues.

“These radar detections improve our knowledge of NEO orbits, providing the data that can extend calculations of future motion by decades to centuries and help definitively predict if an asteroid is going to hit Earth, or if it’s just going to pass close by.”

“For example, recent radar measurements of the potentially hazardous asteroid Apophis helped eliminate any possibility of it impacting Earth for the next 100 years.”

“In addition, they can provide scientists with detailed information on physical properties that could be matched only by sending a spacecraft and observing these objects up close.”

Depending on an asteroid’s size and distance, radar can be used to image its surface in intricate detail while also determining its size, shape, spin rate, and whether or not it is accompanied by one or more small moons.

In the case of 2021 PJ1, the asteroid was too small and the observing time too short to acquire images.

But as the 1,000th NEA detected by planetary radar, the milestone highlights the efforts to study the NEAs that have passed close to Earth.

“2021 PJ1 is a small asteroid, so when it passed us at a distance of over a million miles, we couldn’t obtain detailed radar imagery,” Dr. Benner said.

“Yet even at that distance, planetary radar is powerful enough to detect it and measure its velocity to a very high precision, which improved our knowledge of its future motion substantially.”

The astronomers used the 70-m (230-foot) Deep Space Station 14 (DSS-14) antenna at NASA’s Deep Space Network’s Goldstone Deep Space Complex near Barstow, California, to transmit radio waves to 2021 PJ1 and receive the radar reflections.

“Of all the asteroids observed by planetary radar, well over half were observed by the large 305-m (1,000-foot) telescope at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico before it was damaged and decommissioned in 2020,” they said.

“Goldstone’s DSS-14 and 34-m (112-foot) DSS-13 antennas have observed 374 near-Earth asteroids to date.”

“14 NEAs have also been observed in Australia using antennas at the Deep Space Network’s Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex to transmit radio waves to the asteroids and the CSIRO’s Australian Telescope Compact Array and Parkes Observatory in New South Wales to receive the radar reflections.”

_____

• This article is based on text provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

{ http://www.sci-news.com/ }

EXCLUSIVE One pilot told the Daily Star Sunday that most will use phrases like "unidentified traffic" or "aerial phenomena" rather than unidentified flying objects

Pilots say they have seen hundreds of UFOs but reporting them could cost their jobs.

The commercial and military ­aviators claim any crew member who speaks out is risking their career.

One pilot said airline bosses are so hostile to ET claims that a colleague was told to get counselling after ­reporting a UFO.

Another told the Daily Star Sunday: "When someone says UFO everyone thinks they are referring to aliens but that is not always the case, especially with the surge in drone activity.

"Most pilots will use phrases like unidentified traffic or aerial phenomena. No one wants to say UFO.

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"If you say UFO people think you are either drunk, on drugs or nuts."

Their fears emerged on an online forum for pilots.

One member said: "Many airline pilots, self included, and military pilots have had encounters at altitude with UFOs over many decades and before the internet.

"Encounters are reported internally and amongst colleagues and seldom reach the media.

READ MORE

• Mars 'too small' for extraterrestrial life with 'fate decided from beginning'

"When you are fortunate to be a close witness, it is really quite serious stuff.

"There are advantages in having an office window at 37,000ft."

Another said that he first saw a UFO 30 years ago when he was flying a cargo jet from Singapore to Brisbane.

He said: "It was 2am local time and my co-pilot asked air traffic control, 'Do you have traffic in our vicinity?' Negative was the response.

READ MORE

• Earth-destroying comet will signal Jesus' Second Coming – scholar's bizarre theory

"Not long after, we saw something we, shall we say, shouldn’t have seen. No, we didn’t query air traffic control."

Earlier this year an American Airlines pilot was recorded saying he saw something moving in a cloud.

The pilot asked: "Do you have any targets up here?

"We just had something go over the top of us that, I hate to say this, but it looked like a long ­cylindrical object that almost looked like a cruise missile type of thing moving really fast right over the top of us."

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{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

There have been several new developments regarding C/2014 UN271 – also known as the largest comet that’s ever been detected in modern times. The comet, which was discovered by Pedro Bernardinelli and Gary Bernstein, is believed to have come from about 40,000 Astronomical Units (AU) away in the Oort Cloud (one AU is the distance of Earth from the sun).

The first bit of news is that the comet finally grew a tail. When it was at a distance of around 29 AU away, it wasn’t showing the normal characteristic of a comet, such as having a tail. However, when it was at 19 AU away, astronomers at the Las Cumbres Observatory in South Africa took some images of C/2014 UN271 and noticed a fuzzy border which was created from vaporized material from the sunlight which meant that it was definitely a comet. Furthermore, it also started forming a tail. (A picture of C/2014 UN271 with its fuzzy border taken by the Las Cumbres Observatory can be seen here.)

Comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein), as seen in a synthetic color composite image made with the Las Cumbres Observatory 1-meter telescope at Sutherland, South Africa, on 22 June 2021. The diffuse cloud is the comet’s coma.

Credit: LOOK/LCO

An orbital diagram showing the path of Comet C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein) through the Solar System. The comets’ path is shown in gray when it is below the plane of the planets and in bold white when it is above the plane.

Credit: NASA

(Not C/2014 UN271)

The second piece of news was that C/2014 UN271 became brighter for a short amount of time. According to data collected by the Las Cumbres Observatory’s 1-m telescope, the comet had faded, but later showed a burst of brightness. The brightness occurred on September 11^th when it was located approximately 19.89 AU from the sun.

The last bit of news is regarding its size. Initial estimates claimed that C/2014 UN271 had a diameter that was anywhere between 62 and 124 miles (between 100 and 200 kilometers). This was very significant and jaw-dropping because that would mean that it was about ten times wider than a normal comet. Astronomers revealed those estimates based on the amount of sunlight that was reflecting off of its icy body. Now, however, new analysis of the comet has narrowed down its estimated size to being 93 miles in diameter (150 kilometers).

(Not C/2014 UN271)

While these new facts regarding C/2014 UN271 are very interesting, it is still very far from us at a distance of about 19.37 AU away from Earth. It has traveled about 7 AU in the last year but it will still be a while before it makes its closest approach to us which has been predicted to happen on April 5, 2031 when it will be at a distance of 10.11 AU away. To put this into better perspective, when it makes its closest approach in 2031, it will be about the same distance that Saturn is to the sun.

In the next ten years, scientists should gather even more amazing data and facts about the largest comet ever detected.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

What Happens to Interstellar Objects Captured by the Solar System?

Now that we know that interstellar objects (ISOs) visit our Solar System, scientists are keen to understand them better. How could they be captured? If they’re captured, what happens to them? How many of them might be in our Solar System?

One team of researchers is trying to find answers.

We know of two ISOs for certain: ‘Oumuamua and comet 2I/Borisov. There must’ve been others, probably many of them. But we’ve only recently gained the technology to see them. We’ll likely discover many more of them soon, thanks to new facilities like the Vera C. Rubin Observatory.

In a new paper submitted to The Planetary Science Journal, a trio of researchers have dug into the question of ISOs in our Solar System. The title of the paper is “On the Fate of Interstellar Objects Captured by our Solar System.” The first author is Kevin Napier from the Dept. of Physics at the University of Michigan.

As things stand now, there’s no reliable way to identify individual captured objects. If astronomers could catch an ISO in the process of being captured, that would be great. But the Solar System is awfully complex, and that makes identifying ISOs difficult. “Given the complex dynamical architecture of the outer Solar System, it is not straightforward to determine whether an object is of interstellar origin,” the authors write.

There wasn’t much opportunity to study either ‘Oumuamua or Borisov. They were identified as ISOs by their hyperbolic excess velocity. That means an object has the right trajectory and a high enough velocity to escape a central object’s gravity. In this case, the central object is, of course, the Sun.

So, could ISOs be captured? Quite likely. “The first step in rigorously investigating this question is to calculate a capture cross-section for interstellar objects as a function of hyperbolic excess velocity…” the authors write.

But that’s just the first step, according to the authors. “Although the cross-section provides the first step toward calculating the mass of alien rocks residing in our solar system, we also need to know the lifetime of captured objects.” The researchers calculated the lifetime of the objects using simulations, tried to understand what happens to them over time in our Solar System, and then came up with a current inventory of captured ISOs.

The researchers identified three overall trends:

• To survive for more than a few million years, captured objects must somehow lift their pericenters beyong Jupiter. (In this case, survival means staying bound to the Solar System.)
• Objects on highly-inclined orbits tend to survive for longer than those on planar orbits.
• No object achieved permanent trans-Neptunian status (ie q=30 AU.)

In the first case, if an ISO can’t lift its pericenter beyond Jupiter, it’ll probably be pulled into the gas giant and destroyed. In the second case, objects on highly inclined orbits are less likely to encounter a planet because most of the time they’re out of the Solar System’s plane. Objects on planar orbits are more likely to encounter a planet and be perturbed and sent back out into interstellar space. In the third case, it’s difficult for an ISO to achieve permanent trans-Neptunian status because it would take a very unlikely chain of events.

The simulations have some limitations, which the authors explain. They’ve only accounted for the Solar System’s four largest planets and the Sun. The smaller bodies are either not massive to have much effect, or what effect they would have is dwarfed by the Sun. They also ignore out-gassing, radiation pressure from the Sun, or drag from planetary atmospheres, which would be extremely rare anyway, and not likely to affect the results. “Each of these approximations is rather modest, so that including them would make relatively little difference to our conclusions,” they explain.

Overall, the simulation shows that over time most captured bodies would be ejected from the Solar System. It takes a while, though. That’s because most ISOs would simply pass through the system, and the ones that were captured into an unstable orbit of some type would go through many orbits, 30 in this work, before being ejected. That’s because captured objects typically have semi-major axes of 1000 AU with orbital periods of about 30,000 years. So it takes at least one million years before any captured ISOs could be ejected.

The researchers also calculated the populations of captured ISOs that might be in our Solar System currently. They point out that there are two distinct time periods when objects can be captured that are of interest. The first is in the early days of the Solar System when the Sun is still in its birth cluster of stars, and objects from within that cluster could be captured. The second is when the Sun resides in the field.

In their simulations, the trio of scientists used 276,691 synthetic captured interstellar objects. Of those, only 13 survived for 500 million years, and only three objects survived for one billion years. But these results come with detailed caveats that are best explained in the paper itself.

The authors point out that their simulations might be useful in understanding panspermia. If the chemicals necessary for life, or even life itself, can somehow travel between solar systems, the ISOs likely play a role. Maybe the most prominent role.

They also mention the Planet Nine scenario. One of the authors of this paper, Konstantin Batygin, along with Michael E. Brown, hypothesized a so-called Planet Nine. The Planet Nine hypothesis states that another planet about 5 to 10 times the mass of Earth is in a wide orbit with a semi-major axis of 400 to 800 AUs. Planet Nine, if it exists, would take between 10,000 and 20,000 years to complete one orbit around the Sun.

According to this paper, when included in the simulations, Planet Nine “…yielded rich dynamics that did not appear in the simulations including only the four known giant planets.”

More:

• Paper: On the Fate of Interstellar Objects Captured by our Solar System
• Universe Today: 

Credit: Universe Today

Galactic Panspermia. How far Could Life Spread Naturally in a Galaxy Like the Milky Way?

• ESA: ESA’s New Mission to Intercept a Comet

The post What Happens to Interstellar Objects Captured by the Solar System? appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/152726/what-happens-to-interstellar-objects-captured-by-the-solar-system/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

ISIS Project: An Alien Mummy Discovered in Egypt?

One of the most shocking and controversial videos in history. A small clip of a supposed secret mission of the ISIS Project, from the former Soviet Union, where they recover the remains of an «alien mummy».

According to different researchers, the KGB had created the ISIS Project to search for the mummified corpse of an “ancient astronaut” called “The Visitor.”

This being would have visited the Egyptians in ancient times, giving them knowledge and advanced technology that helped them grow as a civilization.

ISIS Project What is behind this event?

The Ancient Astronaut theory suggests that, in the remote past, extraterrestrial beings visited ancient civilizations and helped them develop. Thus the leap to modern civilization was made.

These ancient societies made such drastic advances, and in such a short time , that they reached standards never seen before. The proof of this are the monuments that persist even today. These are possibly the strongest proof that they received alien assistance.

Even so, there are many skeptics who discredit the ISIS Project, assuring that it is nothing more than an invention. However, 1998, Sci-Fi TV released a documentary titled The Secret KGB Abduction Files, which could prove its veracity.

The documentary shows black and white images of the expedition to the Egyptian desert in search of the “Visitor’s Tomb”, as the website UFO International Project called it.

The Soviets launched Project ISIS during the Cold War in 1960 . The mission was to obtain the remains of “The Visitor”, as well as the hidden technological artifacts and manuscripts.

They were convinced that advanced military science and technology existed within that information, which would give it an advantage over the United States.

The main motivation of the Soviet Union was to ” match ” the North American country in terms of technology. Well, they were convinced that they had obtained advanced technology thanks to the Roswell incident .

The Soviet mission included Egyptologists, scientists, engineers, and military specialists from the Soviet Academy of Sciences. This team found the body of an alien inside a 13,000-year-old ancient Egyptian tomb .

Was an alien mummy really found?

The story of the “alien grave”

The tomb was discovered accidentally by native Bedouins who became ill and died after opening the tomb. Based on that story, Egyptian officials suspected that he might have technological artifacts and manuscripts with advanced knowledge.

For the time, the Soviet Union and Egypt were allies. Fearing that the United States would obtain information about the tomb, the Egyptians decided to inform the Soviets and assist them in the search.

Sami Sharaf, a close associate of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser , was the head of the ISIS Project. The images documenting the expedition were obtained through a Russian intermediary linked to the mafia.

The source claimed, in turn, that he obtained the tape from agents who had access to KGB documents.

The video shows when the team entered the tomb , trying to open the sarcophagus without any protective suit.

When the agent lifted the lid, a cloud of dust emanated from inside. The men immediately withdrew, only to return minutes later wearing protective suits and gas masks.

The men recovered the “two meter tall” alien body. Artifacts and manuscripts were also recovered from the tomb, which tell the story of the return of a “Winged Deity.”

Those responsible for Sci-Fi TV stated that forensic experts analyzed and confirmed the veracity of the video. Although skeptics defended themselves that, even if the video was authentic, it is likely that they were opening the sarcophagus of a king.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

MICAH HANKS

It has been learned in recent days that China’s National Natural Science Foundation (NNSF) is moving forward with plans to study the construction of a massive, several mile-wide spacecraft, beginning with a five year project that will examine the mechanics of carrying out such an engineering feat in orbit.

Initially reported in the South China Morning Post, the plans describe an “ultra-large spacecraft spanning kilometres” that China will hope to eventually build as the country’s spacefaring ambitions look ahead toward crewed missions that will spend long periods in orbit.

As part of China’s ongoing strategic aerospace goals, the proposed mega-spacecraft is one of several projects announced by the NNSF that it says will help to promote “the future use of space resources, exploration of the mysteries of the universe, and staying in long-term orbit,” according to an outline the foundation released online.

China’s ambitious space project is set to be overseen by its Ministry of Science and Technology, according to details contained within the outline.

China’s plans aren’t unique, per se, and like past space agencies, their goal is to send components into orbit over the course of several launches that that will facilitate construction of the spacecraft over time.

However, even this long-term assembly plan has its challenges. Each individual launch will require spacecraft carrying construction materials into orbit to minimize its weight in order to facilitate maximum cargo space. While several trips with the purpose of transporting components into orbit have been factored into China’s plans already, the costs associated with multiple launches could still be a limiting factor. In order to realize such ambitious goals, efficiency will be a key priority.

Getting the materials required for construction of the mile-wide spacecraft into orbit won’t be the only hurdle China faces. Once in orbit, additional heightened oversight will be required to manage and control the large amount of material they plan to send into space, which could quickly present challenges throughout the various phases of construction.

Of course, the current study aimed at how China might one day build a “mega spacecraft” follows the country’s successful landing of a rover on Mars earlier this year, which followed its earlier placement of a lunar spacecraft on the far side of the moon. This spring also saw China’s initiation of construction of the Tiangong space station, an orbital spacecraft that, one completed, will be roughly a quarter the size of the International Space Station.

Once Tiangong is constructed, it will help to facilitate future space endeavors China plans to undertake with Russia, in opposition to the United States and other nations with which the latter engages in cooperative space efforts.

China is currently banned from participating in operations aboard the International Space Station, following legislation in 2011 by Congress that identified having Chinese astronauts on board the spacecraft as a potential national security risk.

• Follow and connect with author Micah Hanks on Twitter: @MicahHanks

{ https://thedebrief.org/ }

Elon Musk Tweet Reveals Solar Warden/Earth Alliance Spacecraft

Elon Musk's tweet with picture of Earth taken from SpaceX mission capsule is available here: https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1...

On September 23, 2021, Elon Musk tweeted a picture taken from a SpaceX civilian mission into low Earth Orbit. A close up of the picture reveals at least six cigar shaped craft traveling in formation. According to Thor Han Eredyon of the Galactic Federation of Worlds—as relayed by Elena Danaan—the craft belonged to the US Navy’s Solar Warden program and are now part of the newly formed Earth Alliance.

I have been told that Musk is constrained by Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) from revealing what he knows about the Earth Alliance, diplomatic meetings on Jupiter, extraterrestrial life, etc., but is allowed to leave clues so we can figure it out by ourselves. 

Video of the spacecraft formation is available on YouTube and Rumble

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

This hacker saw “all the UFO secrets of NASA and the elites”

One of the most controversial events related to NASA featured a hacker. The hacker accessed the networks of the space agency, observing secrets UFOs and about the world elite.

Gary McKinnon was brought to trial and jailed for 70 years.

Many people have thought to what extent a hacker can go. How far can you “hack” a network? Possibly, social networks or emails can be something simple for an expert.

British hacker Gary McKinnon had accessed into Pentagon’s computer files he discovered the existence of the “Solar Warden” code name given to particular areas in the Secret Space Program

However, when it comes to national organizations, which are related to the security of a power, such as NASA, things get complicated.

Get to inquire about its most guarded secrets, such as those related to UFOs for example or to learn about the hidden life of the most exalted of the world elite .

The Hacker Who Discovered NASA Secrets

Regarding this controversial topic, the famous writer and researcher David Parcerisa in one of his video programs. He released the shocking revelations of a hacker who was able to circumvent NASA security .

It is the British Gary McKinnon, who managed to collect a large number of images over a year.

Among these are secret UFO reports  related to alien life, colliding ships, reverse technology, and other surprising discoveries from the world’s elite .

All this he achieved by infiltrating the secret networks of NASA and other organisms of the world’s lofty elite.

Unfortunately McKinnon was discovered and sentenced to 70 years in prison for this incredible daring.

Yet McKinnon’s shrewd audacity was not in vain. A good part of his research and ideas are linked to the project “The Disclosure Project”.

This project consists of a comprehensive non-profit organization whose main purpose is to reveal to the world all the events about extraterrestrial intelligence , flying saucers , advanced energy and propulsion systems that are hidden.  

McKinnon’s audacity motivated the creation of The Disclosure Project.

The Disclosure Project

The project was presented to the world by its founder, the renowned Dr. Steven Greer . Presenting it at the prestigious National Press Club of Washington in May 2001.

The content of this impressive project consists of more than 400 testimonies from the military, intelligence agents and government officials.

There they narrate their direct or first-source experiences about events related to aliens and all their technology .

In addition, they explain in detail all the conspiracy that exists behind all this, and how they try to keep all this information hidden from the public.

In practice, the main objectives of the project is to prohibit the use of space weapons , the study, exploration and development of space.

The introduction of Zero Point Energy , which is a type of free energy, which they consider would be of great help to eliminate poverty and world hunger. Among other magnificent ideas, which would be of great use to humanity.

Many skeptics claim that McKinnon did not actually see anything related to UFOs or aliens.

However, the question is, why was he sentenced to so many years if he did not see any secrets? Where did you get the ideas for The Disclosure Project?

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/black-country/droitwich-woman-vanishes-bed-eerie-21686201#:~:text=WOMAN%20APPEARS%20TO%20VANISH%20FROM%20BED%20IN%20SUPPOSED%20ABDUCTION%20INCIDENT

The creepy footage is being investigated by a Birmingham UFO hunter

By Alexander Brock - Senior Reporter Jamie Brassington

Eerie footage shared by UFO hunters supposedly shows the astonishing moment a Midlands woman vanishes from her bed - before suddenly reappearing.

The video is one of many cases being investigated by Dave Hodrien, a father-of-one from Solihull and the lead investigator of Birmingham UFO Group (BUFOG),

He says the woman in the video, from Droitwich in Worcestershire, claimed she had been abducted twice in a week in 2010.

READ MORE:

• Meet the West Midlands UFO hunter who investigates 'vanishing abductees' and 'lights' on Birmingham's Rotunda

On the advice of her husband, the woman put an infrared camera in her bedroom to capture evidence.

The creepy footage they caught apparently shows the woman sleeping under the covers at around 3.30am before she suddenly starts arching her back.

The bed covers then suddenly fold inwards and go 'impossibly flat', as if the woman had just inexplicably vanished from the bed altogether.

After about 13 minutes, the bed covers suddenly shoot up slightly in the air and when they drop back down, the woman is back in bed next to her husband.

The footage, which can be viewed above , was believed to have "been genuine and not a deliberate hoax", Dave concluded in his report.

Dave told Birmingham Live : "The lady had experiences most of her life, but like a lot people pushed them to the back of her mind.

"In 2010, she had two abduction experiences in the space of a week.

"These were what is known as a trigger experience, meaning it was so traumatic and obvious to her that she clearly knew something had taken place.

"It caused her to start reassessing what had happened earlier in her life and that is when she got in touch with my group to investigate.

"Her husband made security cameras for a living, he put together infrared cameras.

READ MORE:

• 'UFO' spotted 'falling erratically' in skies above Worcester

"He didn't really believe her but after her first abduction experience, she was very frightened to go to sleep in the bedroom where it happened.

"To set her mind at ease, her husband said 'we will set up a security camera at night and start filming when you get off to sleep, nothing will come and get you'.

"About three days after they set up a camera, she had this second abduction experience. She comes out of the experience and realises something has happened here.

"In the morning, they check the footage and at about 3.30am or 4am, there is a period of about 13 minutes where she seems to dematerialize from the bed.

"You can see her under the covers, it looks like she is arching her back upwards almost and then all of a sudden it folds inwards and the bed covers go impossibly flat.

"After about 13 minutes, the bed covers kind of shoot up in the air and when it drops back down, she is back down by her husband."

The footage was even analysed by an American television series, called Fact Or Faked, which was unable to recreate the footage without the use of hidden contraptions, he added.

Another investigation that Dave is currently working on is a "historic case" from an elderly man, who saw a UFO, aged 18, outside the landmark Rotunda building in Birmingham.

A 'glowing red sphere' was reportedly seen reaching the top of the Rotunda before it shoots off into the sky at an 'absolutely dramatic speed'.

RELATED VIDEO

{ https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/ }

Scientists develop cosmic concrete from space dust and astronaut blood

By  Deirdre Tynan

Image: Pixabay

Scientists have developed cosmic concrete from space dust and astronaut blood because transporting a single brick to Mars can cost more than a million British pounds making the future construction of a Martian colony seem prohibitively expensive.

Scientists at The University of Manchester have now developed a way to potentially overcome this problem, by creating a concrete-like material made of extra-terrestrial dust along with the blood, sweat and tears of astronauts.

In their study, a protein from human blood, combined with a compound from urine, sweat or tears, could glue together simulated moon or Mars soil to produce a material stronger than ordinary concrete, perfectly suited for construction work in extra-terrestrial environments.

Dr Aled Roberts, from The University of Manchester, who worked on the project, said that the new technique holds considerable advantages over many other proposed construction techniques on the moon and Mars.

“Scientists have been trying to develop viable technologies to produce concrete-like materials on the surface of Mars, but we never stopped to think that the answer might be inside us all along,” he said.

The scientists calculate that over 500 kg of high-strength AstroCrete could be produced over the course of a two-year mission on the surface of Mars by a crew of six astronauts. If used as a mortar for sandbags or heat-fused regolith bricks, each crew member could produce enough AstroCrete to expand the habitat to support an additional crew member, doubling the housing available with each successive mission.

Animal blood was historically used as a binder for mortar. “It is exciting that a major challenge of the space age may have found its solution based on inspirations from medieval technology,” said Dr Roberts.

“Scientists have been trying to develop viable technologies to produce concrete-like materials on the surface of Mars, but we never stopped to think that the answer might be inside us all along.”

— Dr. Aled Roberts

The scientists investigated the underlying bonding mechanism and found that the blood proteins denature, or “curdle,” to form an extended structure with interactions known as “beta sheets” that tightly holds the material together.

“The concept is literally blood-curdling,” Dr Roberts added.

A common protein from blood plasma could act as a binder for simulated moon or Mars dust to produce a concrete-like material named AstroCrete.

(University of Manchester)

The cost of transporting a single brick to Mars has been estimated at about US$2 million, meaning future Martian colonists cannot bring their building materials with them, but will have to utilise resources they can obtain on-site for construction and shelter. This is known as in-situ resource utilisation (or ISRU) and typically focusses on the use of loose rock and Martian soil (known as regolith) and sparse water deposits. However, there is one overlooked resource that will, by definition, also be available on any crewed mission to the Red Planet: the crew themselves.

Scientists demonstrated that a common protein from blood plasma — human serum albumin — could act as a binder for simulated moon or Mars dust to produce a concrete-like material. The resulting novel material, termed AstroCrete, had compressive strengths as high as 25 MPa (Megapascals), about the same as the 20-32 MPa seen in ordinary concrete.

3D-printed mars biocomposite.

Credit: University of Manchester

However, the scientists found that incorporating urea — which is a biological waste product that the body produces and excretes through urine, sweat and tears — could further increase the compressive strength by over 300 per cent, with the best performing material having a compressive strength of almost 40 MPa, substantially stronger than ordinary concrete.

{ https://www.euroweeklynews.com/ }

Organic material discovered in star-forming region 450 light-years away could be among the building blocks of life

• Researchers discovered glycolonitrile in a protostar in Ophiuchus constellation

• Glycolonitrile  precursors to the formation of adenine, which is in DNA and RNA

• Discovery could put us closer to understanding how solar system and life formed

By CHEYENNE MACDONALD FOR DAILYMAIL.COM 

Scientists observing a young sun-like star 450 light-years away have spotted a molecule that may have played a key role in the emergence of life on Earth.

It’s the first time researchers have detected the molecule glycolonitrile, which existed before life itself, in this type of protostar.

The discovery could put us closer to understanding how the solar system and life on Earth formed long ago.

Scroll down for video  

The new research led by Queen Mary University of London focused on a solar-type protostar called IRAS16293-2422 B (circled) in search of such materials. This protostar sits inside the star-forming region rho Ophiuchi, in the constellation Ophiuchus

Glycolonitrile is said to be a precursors to the formation of adenine, which is fundamental in both DNA and RNA.

The new research led by Queen Mary University of London focused on a solar-type protostar called IRAS16293-2422 B in search of such materials.

This protostar sits inside the star-forming region rho Ophiuchi, in the constellation Ophiuchus.

According to the researchers, the conditions inside the star formation region are much like those that existed in the early years of our solar system.

Using data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimetre Array (ALMA) telescope in Chile, the team investigated IRAS16293-2422 B for evidence of the pre-biotic molecule in the interstellar medium.

© M.Weiss/Centre for Astrophysics/Harvard & Smithsonian 

An artist's impression of the gas and dust in the disk surrounding the young star. The inset image, right, shows a mix of both simple and complex molecules in the vicinity of still-forming planets - M.Weiss/Centre for Astrophysics/Harvard & Smithsonian

This material is a cocoon of dust and gas from which stars form.

The ALMA data revealed the chemical signatures of the molecule glycolonitrile (HOCH2CN).

Through further modelling, they were able to better constrain the chemical processes that may have led to its creation, the researchers say.

Scientists observing a young sun-like star 450 light-years away have spotted a molecule that may have played a key role in the emergence of life on Earth. It’s the first time researchers have detected the molecule glycolonitrile, which existed before life itself, in this type of protostar

© Provided by The Telegraph 

The image above shows four of the protoplanetary discs. - Dr JD Ilee/University of Leeds

‘We have shown that this important pre-biotic molecule can be formed in the material from which stars and planets emerge, taking us a step closer to identifying the processes that may have led to the origin of life on Earth,’ said lead author Shaoshan Zeng, from Queen Mary University of London.

The team previously detected methyl isocyanate – an isomer of glycolonitrile – in the same celestial object.

According to the researchers, the discovery hints at the processes that took place during the formation of our solar system, suggesting planets around such a star could have access to the chemical building blocks of life from the very beginning.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

ALIEN INGREDIENTS? PRECURSOR MOLECULES FOR LIFE FOUND WHERE PLANETS ARE BORN

It seems that every time organics are detected on another planet, the internet explodes, but organic molecules found in planet-forming discs could be the prelude to life.

Whether Earth is the only planet in the entire universe that ever spawned life remains a mystery. Led by astrophysicist John Ilee of the University of Leeds, a team of researchers has looked deep into several protoplanetary discs where planets are born, and recently published a study in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. They found molecules that are the precursors to the larger molecules that directly make up substances such as sugars, amino acids, and RNA. Could these end up as the protoplasm of alien creatures?

The five protoplanetary discs that were observed are between 300 and 500 light-years from Earth, so if we are seeing them as they were hundreds of years ago, it is unlikely that life has materialized yet. Whether these molecules will end up creating the amino acid and RNA molecules that are necessary for life-forms also depends on the conditions over there.

“The molecules we have observed therefore represent the most complex (yet) detected in protoplanetary discs with this bond, and demonstrate that these stages of molecular complexity can be built up in the vicinity of forming planets,” Ilee tells SYFY WIRE. “The carbon-nitrogen bond is a key component of these molecules."

It is that bond which has been proven to be vital to the molecules that make up amino acids. Ilee and his team observed the molecules with the 66 antennas of the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA), which has an amazing spatial resolution, meaning the precision of things it can see in relation to space. Larger telescopes and arrays have a larger spatial resolution and are able to see more detail as well as smaller and more distant objects. With this equipment, emissions from microscopic molecules became visible.

Because the emissions were so weak, they needed something as powerful as ALMA to seek them out. What was observed by the researchers as part of the Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (or MAPS) program were intermediate molecules that are more complex than simple organics, such as carbon monoxide or methane, but not yet complex enough to be the largest molecules that something like RNA can break down into. The problem is that molecules like carbon monoxide give off much stronger emissions. That didn’t stop Ilee from searching.

He obviously found an overflow of molecules, but why so many? It could be that they were hiding in grains of dust that made their way from the outside to the inside of the disc, but there are still questions.

“Increased abundances of these molecules mean we could be missing something in our understanding of how chemistry operates in these environments,” he says. “We could also be missing an important physical process that would increase the abundance of these molecules in the discs.”

The molecules the team set out to find were cyanoacetylene (HC3N), acetonitrile (CH3CN), and cyclopropenylidene (c-C3H2). Cyanoacetylene was previously found in the tail of comet Hale-Bopp. Most comets come from the outer reaches of the universe, where more interstellar material is thought to be floating around than anything else, so that may hint at the origins of what gave Earth life. HC3N is also thought to be one of the things that can possibly form purines, which form bases for DNA and RNA — adenine and guanine are examples.

Each of the molecules observed in the protoplanetary discs has a function in DNA synthesis. CH3CN is necessary for the synthesis of oligonucleotides, which are short DNA or RNA molecules, from simpler molecules known as monomers. Oligonucleotides help control gene expression. c-C3H2 is one of the organics that exists on Titan, though anything hypothetical that lives on there would have to be life as we don’t know it because Saturn’s largest moon is toxic. Because of its cyclical structure, it has the potential to form DNA and RNA bases.

Whether more complex molecules are somewhere in a protoplanetary disc is something else the team wants to investigate. The upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and Very Large Array (ngVLA) are next-gen technology that could find out even more about the organic molecules in protopletary discs and what goes into forming planets like Earth.

“We want to investigate whether even *more* complex molecules are present in these discs, and hope to use ALMA to do this in the near future,” Ilee says. “[It is] also going to be invaluable for searching for complex molecules in many different astrophysical environments.”

So aliens aren’t about to break the internet yet, but we might have gotten that much closer to what may someday become an environment teeming with them.

{ https://www.syfy.com/ }

Mars is too small to have aliens, scientists suggest

The Red Planet may not be large enough to hold the bodies of water necessary to form life

Adam Smith

(Sean Garcia/Washington University)

Mars may have never been able to home alien life because the planet is too small to hold large amounts of water, researchers have theorised.

The presence of water is vital for the evolution of life, and the search for evidence of liquid has inspired probes and studies of the Red Planet to confirm that humanity is not alone in the universe.

Our closest planetary neighbour, however, has revealed no liquid water on its surface, and scientists may now know why. “Mars’ fate was decided from the beginning,” said Kun Wang, assistant professor of earth and planetary sciences in Arts and Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis.

“There is likely a threshold on the size requirements of rocky planets to retain enough water to enable habitability and plate tectonics, with mass exceeding that of Mars.”

Professor Wang and those working with him used stable isotopes of potassium to estimate the presence and distribution of volatile elements and compounds – such as water – on the planet, by measuring its composition in 20 confirmed Martian meteorites.

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They found that Mars lost more potassium, and other volatiles, than Earth when it was formed – but contained more than the Moon and another asteroid called 4-Vesta, both of which are smaller and drier than Mars.

“It’s indisputable that there used to be liquid water on the surface of Mars, but how much water in total Mars once had is hard to quantify through remote sensing and rover studies alone,” Professor Wang said.

“There are many models out there for the bulk water content of Mars. In some of them, early Mars was even wetter than the Earth. We don’t believe that was the case.”

Being too close to the sun can have a significant effect on the number of volatiles a planet can hold, and suggests that the size range for planets to have the perfect ratio of water for a habitable surface environment is more limited than previous thoughts.

Scientists hunting for alien life in the future should use planetary size as a more important reference than previously thought, Professor Wang suggests.

“The size of an exoplanet is one of the parameters that is easiest to determine,” Professor Wang said. “Based on size and mass, we now know whether an exoplanet is a candidate for life, because a first-order determining factor for volatile retention is size.”

{ https://www.independent.co.uk/ }

Clouds of gas are detected on a giant 'hot Saturn' exoplanet 520 light years from Earth, in breakthrough that could help in the search for worlds that may have conditions hospitable to life

• Researchers used Hubble and the Very Large Telescope to make the observation

• They not only detected clouds but measured altitude to a very high level of detail

• The exoplanet, WASP-127b, was discovered in 2016 and is 520 light years away 

• It is so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would be 4.2 Earth days 

By RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

Clouds of gas swirling in the atmosphere of a 'hot Saturn' exoplanet 520 light years from the Earth have been detected by astronomers for the first time.

This is a breakthrough in exoplanet observation, and could help in the search for potentially habitable worlds, said experts from the Université de Montréal in Canada.

The exoplanet, called WASP-127b, was discovered in 2016 and is a 'hot puffy beast' orbiting so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would be just 4.2 Earth days.

The international team of astronomers has not only detected clouds on the distant exoplanet, but also measured their altitude with unprecedented precision. 

WASP-127b was discovered in 2016 and is a 'hot puffy beast orbiting so close to its star that a year on the gas giant would bee just 4.2 Earth days

The team observed the planet passing in front of its host star to detect patterns that become embedded in the starlight as it is filtered through the planet's atmosphere. 

Thanks to infrared light from Hubble and visual light seen through the ESPRESSO spectrograph on VLT, they could probe different regions of the atmosphere. 

'First, as found before in this type of planet, we detected the presence of sodium,' author Dr Romain Allart, said.

But it was found at a much lower altitude than the team were expecting.

'Second, there were strong water vapour signals in the infrared but none at all at visible wavelengths. 

'This implies that water-vapour at lower levels is being screened by clouds that are opaque at visible wavelengths but transparent in the infrared.'   

The combined data from the two instruments enabled the researchers to narrow down the altitude of the clouds.

They pinned them to an atmospheric layer with a pressure ranging between 0.3 and 0.5 millibars.

A millibar is a unit of air pressure, with one equal to about 0.0145 pounds per square inch, or about a thousandth of a standard atmosphere. 

'We don't yet know the composition of the clouds, except that they are not composed of water droplets like on Earth,' said Allart. 

'We are also puzzled about why the sodium is found in an unexpected place on this planet. Future studies will help us understand not only more about the atmospheric structure, but about WASP-127b, which is proving to be a fascinating place.' 

The international team of astronomers has not only detected clouds on the distant exoplanet, but also measured their altitude with unprecedented precision

WHAT IS THE VERY LARGE TELESCOPE?

The transmission spectroscopy technique, used in this study, is playing a significant role in this field, and helped characterise WASP-127b. 

With a full orbit around its star occurring in about four days, WASP-127b receives 600 times more solar radiation than the Earth and experiences temperatures up to 1100 degrees Celsius (2012 Fahrenheit) - more than twice as hot as Venus.

This puffs the planet up to a radius 1.3 times larger than Jupiter, with just a fifth of the mass, making it one of the least dense or 'fluffiest' exoplanets ever discovered.

The extended nature of fluffy exoplanets makes them easier to observe, and thus WASP-127b is an ideal candidate for astronomers trying a new technique.

In this case they were working on characterising aspects of exoplanet atmospheres, a process that could one day help in the search for alien life. 

The team's observations with the ESPRESSO instrument also suggests that, unlike planets in our Solar System, WASP-127b orbits not only in the opposite direction than its star but also in a different plane than the equatorial one.

Planets in the solar system orbit along the equatorial plane - that is inline with the centre of the sun - with some objects like comets orbiting at a different plane. 

'Such alignment is unexpected for a hot Saturn in an old stellar system and might be caused by an unknown companion,' said Allart. 

'All these unique characteristics make WASP-127b a planet that will be very intensely studied in the future' 

The findings have been published in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.  

Scientists study the atmosphere of distant exoplanets using enormous space satellites like Hubble

Distant stars and their orbiting planets often have conditions unlike anything we see in our atmosphere. 

To understand these new world's, and what they are made of, scientists need to be able to detect what their atmospheres consist of.  

They often do this by using a telescope similar to Nasa's Hubble Telescope.

These enormous satellites scan the sky and lock on to exoplanets that Nasa think may be of interest. 

Here, the sensors on board perform different forms of analysis. 

One of the most important and useful is called absorption spectroscopy. 

This form of analysis measures the light that is coming out of a planet's atmosphere. 

Every gas absorbs a slightly different wavelength of light, and when this happens a black line appears on a complete spectrum. 

These lines correspond to a very specific molecule, which indicates it's presence on the planet. 

They are often called Fraunhofer lines after the German astronomer and physicist that first discovered them in 1814.

By combining all the different wavelengths of lights, scientists can determine all the chemicals that make up the atmosphere of a planet. 

The key is that what is missing, provides the clues to find out what is present.  

It is vitally important that this is done by space telescopes, as the atmosphere of Earth would then interfere. 

Absorption from chemicals in our atmosphere would skew the sample, which is why it is important to study the light before it has had chance to reach Earth. 

This is often used to look for helium, sodium and even oxygen in alien atmospheres.  

This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium 

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Mysterious clouds on a far away planet have been detected and analyzed by an international team of astronomers. The exoplanet that’s called WASP-127b was discovered in 2016 and is located over 525 light-years away from Earth. It is described as being a “hot Saturn” which means that the gas giant has a similar mass to Saturn but it orbits at a very close proximity to its host star. In fact, it completes a full orbit around its star in just 4.2 days.

Because of its close proximity to its star, WASP-127b gets about 600 times the amount of radiation that Earth receives. Furthermore, it has a surface temperature that reaches as hot as 1,100 degrees Celsius (2,012 degrees Fahrenheit). It is one of the “fluffiest” and less dense planets that have ever been discovered.

(Not WASP-127b)

Based on infrared observations collected by the Hubble Space Telescope as well as visible light measurements gathered by the ESPRESSO spectrograph at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile, astronomers were able to study the atmosphere on WASP-127b when it passed in front of its star.

In a recent presentation at the Europlanet Science Congress, Dr. Romain Allart from the iREx/Université de Montréal and Université de Genève explained what the team had found while they were analyzing the upper structure of the atmosphere, “First, as found before in this type of planet, we detected the presence of sodium, but at a much lower altitude than we were expecting. Second, there were strong water vapor signals in the infrared but none at all at visible wavelengths. This implies that water-vapor at lower levels is being screened by clouds that are opaque at visible wavelengths but transparent in the infrared.”

Basically what this means is that while the researchers aren’t yet sure as to what the clouds are composed of, they do know that it is not water droplets like what we have here on Earth. “We are also puzzled about why the sodium is found in an unexpected place on this planet,” Dr. Allart added.

Another interesting find that they made was that WASP-127b orbits in the opposite direction as its star in addition to being in a totally different plane. “Such alignment is unexpected for a hot Saturn in an old stellar system and might be caused by an unknown companion,” Dr. Allart said.

(Not WASP-127b)

So, does it have a companion? More studies need to be conducted in order to know for sure as Dr. Allart noted, “All these unique characteristics make WASP-127b a planet that will be very intensely studied in the future,” adding that “Future studies will help us understand not only more about the atmospheric structure, but about WASP-127b, which is proving to be a fascinating place.”

The study was published in Astronomy & Astrophysics where it can be read in full.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Supposed alien encounters really run the range of the weird. We have everything from the ubiquitous “Greys,” to Reptilians, Nordic humanoids, and many others. At times it seems that we have a menagerie of different alien species allegedly going about their business on our world, but some of these are even weirder than most. Here we will look at a selection of cases of what seem to be inscrutable and very alien robotic humanoids or metal men of some sort, and they are quite the rare and very bizarre type of alien encounter, indeed.

On the evening of March 17th, 1978, a man by the name of Ken Edwards was driving to his home in Warrington, England from his job as a service engineer. It was a long, lonely stretch of road, with few cars and nothing but the lane lines flickering by, but as he stared ahead with his mind off on other things, something very bizarre would bloom out from the night to change his life forever and go on to become one of the weirdest humanoid encounters there is. As he drove along the M62 motorway past the nuclear facility in the nearby district of Risley, he noticed some movement on a nearby embankment, and when he slowed down to get a better look, he could see that it was a massive humanoid figure, 7 or 8 feet in height, and that it was walking in a robotic, disjointed fashion. As it came ambling closer to his headlights, he could see that it was even more bizarre than he had thought, covered in what looked like silver skin, with a black, featureless mask of some kind, glowing eyes, and two small arms that jutted out directly from its chest. Edwards would claim that he had the strong sense that this was some sort of otherworldly robotic humanoid, and it would only get stranger from there.

The humanoid was apparently not afraid of him or the bright headlights, indeed stepping over to the vehicle to loom there right on the road in front of him and stare with those inscrutable glowing eyes. Edwards was nearly mesmerized at this point, not knowing whether to sit there and stare right back or get out of there, and then some sort of beams of light pierced forth from the thing’s eyes to hit him, paralyzing and disorienting him in the process. He tried to get his body to move, but could not even budge his finger, and he was now overcome with a profound sense of terror. He could only move his eyes, and upon feeling a tingling in his hands he looked down to see that they were red and raw, as if he had a bad sunburn. The entity transfixed him with those beams for some time before it suddenly turned away and lumbered off towards a security fence, giving Edwards back the control of his body. Edwards at this point tried to call for help on a transistor radio he kept in his car, but found that it was completely fried. He turned his attention back to the metallic creature and the weirdness would continue.

The metal entity stood at the security fence for several moments, studying it, and then moved forward. Edwards was sure the hulking thing was about to smash physically through the fence with brute force, but it instead stepped through it, passing right through like a ghost. It then ambled off up a hill on the other side into the night. Edwards sat there for some time trying to process what he had just seen, and then took off in his car, arriving at home to find that he had one hour of missing time that he could not account for. Oddly, his watch had also stopped at roughly the time he had met the strange entity. His wife woke up and saw him standing there, trembling and obviously frightened, and when she asked him what had happened, he told her about the “Silver Man” he had seen. They ended up deciding that he should contact the authorities about what had happened, driving to the nearest police station to spin the whole yarn to the visibly skeptical officers. At first, they dismissed it entirely, but Edwards seemed so sincere and so genuinely scared that they decided to check it out just in case there really was some trespasser at the nuclear facility, alien or not. A search of the area where the metallic being had appeared would turn up nothing, and Edwards went home with his mind still reeling from the whole otherworldly incident. Unfortunately for him, the ordeal was far from over.

Over the following days Edwards would develop some black marks on his hands where the burns had been, as well as nausea and headaches. In the meantime, the site would be combed by police and security forces at the facility, and they would turn up an odd oval shaped patch of dead, flattened grass, as well as a dead rabbit just lying there pristinely upon the ground with no discernible physical injuries. It was unknown if either of these things had anything to do with the humanoid that Edwards had seen, but it was all undeniably eerie and creepy. The police would end up just sort of shrugging their shoulders and moving on, but for Edwards it wasn’t over yet.

On March 23, 1978, Edwards went back to the location of his strange encounter along with an independent UFO researcher, and while they were there Edwards was immediately uncomfortable and gripped by a sense of panic. He managed to keep his composure and go out to investigate, and that was when he allegedly saw the same entity standing off on a nearby hill. It seemed to be staring right at him, and then it simply vanished into thin air. Not long after this, on April 2, 1978, Edwards and his wife were driving through the area when he was again hit with an inexplicable sense of panic and fear. He felt compelling to bring the vehicle to a stop, and as he walked outside, he was hit with a wave of terror that sent him scrambling back into the car to speed off. The final incident would be when he was woken by a deep hum on April 12, after which he searched for its source even as it gained in intensity, but he could find nothing to account for it. He would later find that two neighbors had also heard the hum and had seen a red UFO in the sky. The whole story would bring a whole lot of unwanted attention to Edwards and his family. As soon as the news hit the stands, his house was besieged with reporters and curiosity seekers, to the point that it affected his life and strained his marriage. After this, he would come down with a mysterious illness that left him with stomach pains and almost bedridden. He would eventually be diagnosed with cancer, which would ultimately take his life.

This seems in some ways similar to another weird case that comes from 1973, in the U.S. state of Alabama near the small town of Falkville. On October 17, 1973, a panicked woman called into police to report that she had seen a UFO land in a field right outside of town, and an incredulous police officer named Jeff Greenhaw went off to investigate, no doubt thinking that he was dealing with some nutcase. He arrived at the scene at around 10 PM, not really expecting to find much, and at first he didn’t. The field held no spaceship, nor any sign of one, but the lady who had called was frantically insisting that not only had a UFO really landed, but that there was an alien running around out there in the woods. Greenhaw thought that at the very least there might be in intruder prowling about, so he did a sweep of the area. Little did he know that this intruder would be far stranger than anything he had imagined. As he peered into the darkness and shone his flashlight about, he noticed someone standing off the side of the road, but when he looked in its direction he saw that this was no normal man. The figure seemed to be completely covered with some shiny substance that looked somewhat like tin foil, with an antenna on its head, and Greenhaw would even take a photo of it. He would say of the creature:

It looked like his head and neck were kind of made together… he was real bright, something like rubbing mercury on nickel, but just as smooth as glass; different angles give different lighting. I don’t believe it was aluminum foil.

Alleged photo of the entity

This figure seemed to move in a rather disjointed, mechanical way, giving the impression that it was almost robotic in nature, and wanting to see it in better light, Greenhaw trained his vehicle’s headlights on it. This apparently set the entity into a panic, and it ran off at great speed, after which Greenhaw started up his car and pursued it right through a field. The officer went as fast as the terrain could allow, but the creature he had seen and was chasing was reportedly amazingly fast, far faster than any human, and he eventually lost it when it bolted off into some trees. In the days after his encounter, Greenhaw would come forward with his account, which would make him a laughing stock, the object of ridicule, and cost him his job.

Was this some sort of alien robot, perhaps used as a probe by its inscrutable handlers? It reminds me of a similar case of seemingly robotic aliens that is made all the odder in that it predates it by over 50 years. The bizarro case supposedly occurred in 1924, in Pasco County, in the state of Florida, and which was related in 1974 by an elderly witness named Evelyn Wendt, who claimed that this had happened to her when she was a girl. She said that she had been playing outside on the grounds of St. Joseph school when she had noticed an egg shaped object nearby that glowed so intensely and brightly that she had to cover her eyes at first, but it then supposedly suddenly dimmed to reveal some sort of saucer shaped metal craft. As she stood there staring wide-eyed at the strange sight, a small door suddenly opened to disgorge a procession of rather bizarre creatures, and Wendt would say of them thus:

Little people emerged. I think they were robots. I tried to count them, but they changed about so. They were smaller than I was and resembled animated flowers with faces where the bud would be.

These truly bizarre “robotic sunflowers” were apparently hoisting a sinister looking machine of some sort, which Wendt instinctively sensed was a weapon of some kind, and which they also seemed to be setting up to aim towards the school’s science building. It was at about this time that the witness claimed the entities communicated with her telepathically, telling her that they intended to destroy the science building because there were dangerous experiments going on in there behind closed doors. Bizarrely, they then suddenly changed their minds, and began to file back into the craft as they invited their human companion to come along. She refused, but they supposedly promised to come back for her in later years. Wendt would say of what happened:

They promised to come back for me in 35 years, but that was a long time ago and nothing happened that I know of. All I can remember now is that the saucer was leaden-looking and very pockmarked. Then, when it started up, its molecules expanded and it turned silvery bright. The UFO then went straight up, hovered a minute, and disappeared from sight.

UFO researchers in later years sought to bring out any other details through hypnosis, but Wendt proved impossible to hypnotize. Bizarrely, the science building of the school at one point was destroyed by unspecified means, leading one to think that maybe the robo-flowers had come back to finish the job. What in the world was going on here? In all of these cases we are dealing with something removed from the typical Grey aliens and anything seemingly biological at all. There has been the speculation that aliens might choose to send robots instead of actual beings, so is that is what is going on here? Are these perhaps robotic alien entities, of which I have written about before? Or is it perhaps some sort of interdimensional interlopers or something else entirely? Is it perhaps even just figments of the imagination or hoaxes? Whatever they are, they truly earn their place as among the stranger alien encounter stories out there.

ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Astronomers Detect Clouds on an Exoplanet, and Even Measure Their Altitude

The search for planets beyond our Solar System has grown immensely during the past few decades. To date, 4,521 extrasolar planets have been confirmed in 3,353 systems, with an additional 7,761 candidates awaiting confirmation. With so many distant worlds available for study (and improved instruments and methods), the process of exoplanet studies has been slowly transitioning away from discovery towards characterization.

For example, a team of international scientists recently showed how combining data from multiple observatories allowed them to reveal the structure and composition of an exoplanet’s upper atmosphere. The exoplanet in question is WASP-127b, a “hot Saturn” that orbits a Sun-like star located about 525 light-years away. These findings preview how astronomers will characterize exoplanet atmospheres and determine if they are conducive to life as we know it.

The research paper that describes their findings appeared in the December 2020 issue of Astronomy and Astrophysics. It was also the subject of a presentation made during the recent Europlanet Science Congress (EPSC) 2021, a virtual conference from September 13^th to 24^th, 2021. During the presentation, lead author Dr. Romain Allart showed how combining data from space-based, and ground-based telescopes detected clouds in WASP-127b’s upper atmosphere and measured their altitudes with unprecedented precision.

Like many exoplanets discovered to date, WASP-127b is a gas giant that orbits very close to its parent star and has a very short orbital period – taking less than four days to complete a single orbit. The planet is also 10 billion years old, which is over twice as long as Earth (or “our” Saturn) has been around. Because of its close orbit, WASP-127b receives 600 times more irradiation than Earth and experiences atmospheric temperatures of up to 1,100°C (2012°F).

As a result, the planet’s atmosphere has expanded (or puffed up) to the point that it is 1.3 times as large as Jupiter but far less dense. In fact, WASP-127b is one of the least dense (or “fluffiest”) exoplanets discovered to date. This makes WASP-127b an ideal candidate for researchers working on atmospheric characterization, as the extended nature of fluffy exoplanets makes them easier to observe.

Using data obtained by the ESA/NASA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and visible light measurements from the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the ESO’s Paranal Observatory in Chile, the team observed WASP-127b as it made two passes in front of its star. Consistent with the Transit Method (aka. Transit Photometry), the team monitored WASP-127 for periodic dips in luminosity that indicated an exoplanet passing in front of the star (transiting) relative to the observation team.

Whereas Hubble obtained optical data that confirmed the transits, the VLT’s Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observation (ESPRESSO) instrument obtained spectra from the light passing through WASP-127b’s upper atmosphere. Dr. Allart, a Trottier Postdoctoral Researcher at the Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREX) at the Université de Montréal, led the study.

The combined data allowed the researchers to trace the altitude of the clouds to an atmospheric layer moving at speeds of about 13.5 to 17 km/s (48,600 km/h; 61,200 mph). They further estimated that the cloud deck altitude conformed to an atmospheric pressure range of between 0.3 and 0.5 millibars. Lastly, they detected signs of tenuous atomic sodium in the atmosphere, though there were no indications of other atomic species or water. As he explained in a recent Europlanet Society statement:

“First, as found before in this type of planet, we detected the presence of sodium, but at a much lower altitude than we were expecting. Second, there were strong water vapor signals in the infrared but none at all at visible wavelengths. This implies that water vapor at lower levels is being screened by clouds that are opaque at visible wavelengths but transparent in the infrared.

“We don’t yet know the composition of the clouds, except that they are not composed of water droplets like on Earth. We are also puzzled about why the sodium is found in an unexpected place on this planet. Future studies will help us understand not only more about the atmospheric structure but about WASP-127b, which is proving to be a fascinating place.”

The team’s ESPRESSO observations also showed that WASP-127b has a retrograde orbit, meaning that it orbits in the opposite direction of its star’s rotation and that it orbits on a different plane than the star’s equatorial. “Such alignment is unexpected for a hot Saturn in an old stellar system and might be caused by an unknown companion,” said Allart. “All these unique characteristics make WASP-127b a planet that will be very intensely studied in the future.”

These include space-based observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Nancy Grace Roman State Telescope (RST). Then there are ground-based observatories like the ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). With their combination of advanced imaging, coronagraphs, and/or adaptive optics, these facilities will allow astronomers to conduct detailed studies of exoplanet atmospheres.

Just as important is the fact that these studies will include rocky planets that orbit with the habitable zones (HZs) of their stars, not just gas giants with very distant or very close orbits (as was the case here). Since these “Earth-like” candidates are expected to be the most likely candidates for habitability, astrobiologists anticipate that it won’t be long before they find evidence of extraterrestrial life!

While the results of these studies are somewhat limited, the implications of the team’s research are anything but. In addition to demonstrating the effectiveness of combining data from multiple observatories, it also illustrates how astronomers are getting closer to the point where they can fully characterize an exoplanet’s atmosphere. With the introduction of next-generation observatories in the near future, these capabilities will become far greater.

• Further Reading: Europlanet, Astronomy & Astrophysics

The post Astronomers Detect Clouds on an Exoplanet, and Even Measure Their Altitude appeared first on Universe Today.

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• https://www.universetoday.com/152704/astronomers-detect-clouds-on-an-exoplanet-and-even

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New Anonymous: You Need To Hear This "They Have Been Here All Along" (2021)

Extraterrestrial life is hypothetical life that may occur outside Earth and which did not originate on Earth. Such life might range from simple prokaryotes (or comparable life forms) to intelligent beings and even sapient beings, possibly bringing forth civilizations that might be far more advanced than humanity. The Drake equation speculates about the existence of sapient life elsewhere in the universe.

The science of extraterrestrial life in all its forms is known as astrobiology. Since the mid-20th century, active ongoing research has taken place to look for signs of extraterrestrial life. This encompasses a search for current and historic extraterrestrial life, and a narrower search for extraterrestrial intelligent life. Depending on the category of search, methods range from the analysis of telescope and specimen data to radios used to detect and send communication signals. The concept of extraterrestrial life, and particularly extraterrestrial intelligence, has had a major cultural impact, chiefly in works of science fiction.

Over the years, science fiction communicated scientific ideas, imagined a wide range of possibilities, and influenced public interest in and perspectives of extraterrestrial life. One shared space is the debate over the wisdom of attempting communication with extraterrestrial intelligence. Some encourage aggressive methods to try for contact with intelligent extraterrestrial life. Others—citing the tendency of technologically advanced human societies to enslave or wipe out less advanced societies—argue that it may be dangerous to actively call attention to Earth.

What do you think? Let us know in the comments. Hope everyone has a great weekend.

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

UFO Filmed Moving Out Of The Way Of Another UFO Over Fayetteville, Arkansas. September 25, 2021

While noticing the moving light for the second time that evening the witness grabbed his phone to film it and caught the second object to which he thought was a star move out of the way of the moving craft. The witnesses watch the hovering object for over an hour with no further movement.

Thanks to stayfrostymike for allow me the use of his footage and to view the original: https://www.reddit.com/r/UFOs/comment...

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New “structures” on the Moon: The Guardian Station?

As NASA prepares for man’s first mission to Mars, it is curious that it has not set foot on the Moon since Apollo 17 (1972), much less establish a base there.

Many astronauts and researchers have claimed that this is because bases already exist on the lunar surface … and, in fact, they would not be human base

Former NASA Communications Systems chief Maurice Chatelain confirmed in 1979 that Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had seen two UFOs on the rim of a crater during the Apollo 11 lunar mission in the summer of 1969.

“The encounter was common knowledge at NASA,” Chatelain said, “but no one has talked about it until now,” he added.

Is it possible that NASA has been hiding knowledge of alien bases on the Moon for the past 50 years? 

In fact, much of this evidence is corroborated by the claims of numerous high-level officials, such as a former US Air Force employee named Karl Wolf, who came to possess a “top secret cryptological” security permit. 

He revealed that an NSA employee told him: “We have discovered a base on the back of the moon.” Wolf added: “And then he took out one of these [maps] and showed this base, which had geometric shapes.”

“There were towers; There were spherical buildings… they are huge. Some of the structures are half a kilometer long. They are huge structures, ”he commented.

In other images there are more of what appear to be giant structures that were obtained during the Apollo 16 mission. 

They include a raised cylindrical structure, similar to a nuclear cooling tower, next to what could be a type of turret.

What makes all of this evidence so compelling is the number of well-known astronauts who have made corroborating statements. 

The sixth man to walk on the Moon, Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell, shared this:

“After traveling in space, I am absolutely sure that the aliens are watching us. I don’t know how many, where and how they do it, but they look at us; we always see these ships ”.

Apollo 11 lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin supported this statement with his own experience:

“I saw this light moving relative to the stars. We were smart enough not to say, ‘Houston, there is a light, there is a light that follows us.’ So, technically, it becomes an unidentified flying object. “

Could that be the real reason why the lunar surface has not been stepped on or colonized since the last lunar mission?

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