Dr. Garry Nolan: "Overwhelming evidence that aliens have already arrived"

Dr. Garry Nolan: "Overwhelming evidence that aliens have already arrived"
The Hidden Secrets of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Exploring the Possibilities of Reverse Engineering Alien Technology

Have you ever wondered about the clandestine activities that transpire behind the closed doors of our military bases? The idea might sound like it’s straight out of a science fiction novel, but the theories surrounding Wright-Patterson Air Force Base might be closer to reality than we think.
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, located in Ohio, has been the focal point of numerous allegations regarding unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and alien technology for decades. The speculation suggests that after the purported UFO crashes at Roswell, New Mexico in 1947 and Kecksburg, Pennsylvania in 1965, the recovered objects were transported to Wright-Patterson for further analysis and possible reverse engineering.
Reverse engineering is a process where an object is disassembled and analyzed in detail to understand its construction or to duplicate it. It has been a standard practice in military operations since World War II, employed to study enemy aircraft and improve domestic technology.
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The legend of Roswell is well known. In 1947, a craft of unknown origin crashed in New Mexico. The wreckage and any potential occupants were allegedly taken to Wright-Patterson, then the Foreign Technology Division. Here, the tale becomes even more interesting.
According to researchers, this division didn’t only handle foreign human-made objects; it was also the alleged home for the study of otherworldly artifacts. If these theories hold any truth, then Wright-Patterson would have been the epicenter for back-engineering alien technology in the mid-20th century.
One of the fascinating stories from this period is about the so-called “memory metal,” reportedly found at the Roswell crash site. This extraordinary material was allegedly able to return to its original shape, irrespective of the amount of deformation it underwent. It was seemingly indestructible – uncuttable, unscratchable, unburnable. The research on this memory metal began around 1948, shortly after the Roswell incident.
In 1962, the government, after contracting with the metallurgical company Battelle, announced a breakthrough. They introduced a new alloy named Nitinol that exhibited similar memory properties. It is used in a wide range of applications today, including medical devices like heart valves and space programs.
The story of the memory metal exemplifies the sort of technological leaps that UFO researchers attribute to reverse engineering of alien technology. The SR-71 Blackbird stealth aircraft, for instance, surfaced not long after World War II, leading some to propose that its revolutionary technology might have been born from alien innovation.
The speculation about the continuing research and reverse engineering of alien technology is as rife today as it was decades ago. While the specific location of such programs might have shifted due to leaks exposing the efforts at Wright-Patterson, the possibility of such research continuing cannot be entirely ruled out.
We can’t conclusively claim that the technologies we use today, from transistors to lasers and stealth aircraft, have their roots in alien tech. Yet, the correlations between reported UFO sightings, alleged material recovery, and sudden technological advancements make it a subject worthy of exploration.
While the enigma surrounding Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and its possible ties to alien technology may never fully be revealed, it’s undeniable that the topic continues to provoke interest and incite intriguing debate.
In the words of J. Allen Hynek, the scientific advisor for Project Blue Book, “We must ask, in all seriousness, what physical law it is that prevents the construction of flying machines by inhabitants of another celestial body.”
Ultimately, whether these tales are fact or fiction, they remain a captivating element of our cultural history and our ongoing fascination with the unknown.
Unusual UFO Sightings: A Mysterious Pyramid Floats Over Nevada

On 28th of May 2023, something out of the ordinary took place in the skies over Nevada. Residents were left awestruck and puzzled by an unidentified flying object that was not just any regular UFO sighting, but something much more peculiar. Described by eyewitnesses as a “pyramid floating in the sky,” this event stirred up significant interest and speculation among UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike.
Eyewitness testimony and an astonishing video recording provide vivid details of the bizarre incident. As seen in the video, a strange pyramid-like object seemed to hover over the city, casting a surreal glow before slowly starting to dim. The individual filming the sighting managed to record these mesmerizing moments, punctuating the footage with exclamations of surprise and disbelief. “What in the hell? Now I’m dim to nothing. What? And we’re almost there,” he said, encapsulating the shock and confusion shared by many.
The glowing pyramid object didn’t stay for long. After some minutes, it started to fade away until it was barely discernible. The person filming stayed alert, keeping the camera rolling in case the UFO decided to make another move. “I’m going to keep it on like this, just in case because it dims to nothing in case it decides to go somewhere else,” the witness said in the video. But after its disappearance, the object didn’t return.
The event has led to many questions and theories. How many people saw this bizarre pyramid floating in the sky? What could it possibly be? Is it a true UFO sighting, a sophisticated projection, or an elaborate hoax? While the answers remain unknown, what’s certain is that this event is creating a buzz across the internet.
This recent Nevada UFO sighting adds to the growing list of similar encounters reported worldwide. While some dismiss these incidents as natural phenomena or man-made objects mistaken for extraterrestrial crafts, others argue they are proof of advanced civilizations beyond our own. For those inclined to believe, the Nevada sighting provides more fuel to the intriguing debate over UFOs and extraterrestrial life.
As we continue to delve into the mystery surrounding this pyramid-shaped UFO, we can’t help but wonder what lies beyond our understanding of the universe. In the meantime, stay tuned for further updates on UFO sightings as we keep our eyes to the skies and our minds open to the possibilities.
Daylight UFO Sighting: The High-Speed, Cigar-Shaped Enigma Over Hungary

In the daylight skies over Hungary, back in 2021, a puzzling event took place that piqued the interest of ufologists and skeptics alike. A seemingly speedy, cigar-shaped UFO was captured on video, creating a wave of intrigue and speculation around the globe.
The incident occurred during a clear day, allowing for relatively distinct footage of the UFO, which was characterized by its unique cigar-shaped appearance. This shape is a common description in numerous UFO sightings, often associated with large, elongated craft without apparent wings or a tail.
The object moved at a substantial speed across the sky, a factor which accentuated the mystery surrounding it. It effortlessly outpaced conventional aircraft, leaving even skeptical observers to ponder its potential origins. The swift, smooth, and silent movement of the object were unlike any known aircraft, propelling the footage into the spotlight of international UFO research.
While Hungary has been host to a number of UFO sightings over the years, this particular incident stood out due to its clear, daytime occurrence and the object’s distinctive shape and speed. Usually, sightings occur during nighttime hours and often involve lights or objects that could potentially be explained by known atmospheric or astronomical phenomena. In this case, the characteristics of the UFO defied conventional explanations.
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Aliens & Espionage: Crop Circles and the CIA Coverup | They Don’t Want You to Know

Crop circles, intricate designs formed in fields by flattening crops, have baffled researchers and piqued public interest for decades. These patterns have been cited as evidence of alien visitation, supernatural phenomena, and even covert government operations. But, are they merely elaborate hoaxes? Or do they hold more significant meaning?
Crop circles first came into prominence in the late 20th century, with reports coming predominantly from the United Kingdom. The complex patterns, perfect geometric shapes, and sheer scale of these formations lend an air of otherworldliness to the phenomenon.
Operation Mockingbird and the Media Influence
One theory about the existence of crop circles hinges on the operation ‘Mockingbird,’ a covert CIA project revealed by journalist Carl Bernstein. The operation, initiated during the Cold War era, allegedly had hundreds of American journalists working as CIA assets, spreading disinformation. The essence of this theory claims that the crop circle phenomena could be part of a broader agenda to disseminate misinformation and confuse the public about certain undisclosed governmental activities. Some even argue that a portion of today’s media personalities could be working for intelligence agencies to shape public opinion subtly.
The Case of Colin Andrews
An intriguing narrative surrounds Colin Andrews, a prominent figure in the crop circle research community. Andrews narrated an experience where he was directly approached by a man who, later, revealed himself as a CIA operative. This man offered Andrews a substantial sum of money to publicly denounce crop circles as a hoax. When Andrews declined, the man allegedly harassed him with threatening phone calls.
The Role of the Circle Makers
John Lundberg, an English artist, and the founder of the website circlemakers.org, is a controversial figure in the crop circle community. Lundberg and his group have taken credit for creating many of the intricate crop circle formations found over the years. However, crop circle researchers such as Robert Hulse and David Caton believe Lundberg’s group to be part of a disinformation campaign, possibly funded by British intelligence, to confuse crop circle researchers and mask genuine formations.
The Mirage Men Connection
Interestingly, Lundberg directed a documentary called “Mirage Men” that delves into a similar theme. The documentary examines the life of Richard Doty, a retired special agent from the United States Air Force Office of Special Investigation, who was, according to the documentary, one of the architects behind the military’s campaign to spread disinformation among the UFO community. This connection leads some to speculate a similar strategy at work in the crop circle community.
While the crop circle phenomenon continues to inspire awe and debate, discerning truth from fiction remains a challenge. It’s essential to approach information critically, given the potential for manipulation and disinformation in today’s media landscape.
The story of crop circles is a cautionary tale about the power of belief and the potential for manipulation. Regardless of whether they are products of extraterrestrial intelligence, secret government operations, or merely the work of human hoaxers, crop circles continue to capture our imagination, reminding us of the enigmatic nature of the world we live in.
The Latest UFO Sightings: Unexplained Lights Forming a Triangle Over Northern Phoenix

Just when you thought the UFO sightings of 2023 couldn’t get any stranger, a new incident has sparked quite the conversation on Reddit. On the evening of the 25th of May, a Reddit user reported an enigmatic sighting over Northern Phoenix that has the UFO enthusiast community abuzz with speculation and curiosity.
The user was driving home through Peoria, a region defined by its picturesque mountains and tranquil landscapes. But what they encountered was far from the usual tranquil evening. Unexpectedly, the witness noticed an unusual set of blinking lights suspended in the sky above the mountains. The most intriguing detail? These lights were arranged in a triangle – a common pattern in numerous UFO sightings reports.
The witness managed to capture some footage before the inexplicable lights vanished into the night, approximately five minutes after they first noticed them. The sheer brevity of the event and the absence of similar reports give this sighting an eerie air of mystery. Although no one else reported this sighting, it’s sparking a significant amount of interest on the internet.
The blinking lights over Northern Phoenix will undoubtedly leave many asking questions about what’s happening in our skies. Are these sightings simply misidentified aircraft or natural phenomena? Or are they evidence of something more? The answers remain elusive, but the intrigue continues to grow.
The report’s mention of triangular lights aligns with many historical UFO sightings. This detail adds a layer of complexity and intrigue to the case. Could this be another piece of the puzzle in the world’s UFO sightings mystery?
The Phoenix sighting’s peculiarity doesn’t just lie in its isolation – it’s the lack of immediate explanation that makes it so intriguing. With no other reports or evidence, the blinking triangular lights over the Northern Phoenix mountains remain a captivating mystery.
The investigation into this peculiar UFO sighting is ongoing, and we will keep you updated on any developments. For now, it remains another chapter in the ever-growing book of unexplained UFO sightings that continue to fascinate people around the globe.
The truth might be out there, and until we find it, keep your eyes to the skies and your cameras ready. You never know when you might be the next person to spot something extraordinary.
Breaking! 💥 Unprecedented Display of UFOs over Niagara Falls! Witness the Cosmic Ballet!

On the night of May 25, 2023, the ordinarily tranquil city of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, experienced an extraordinary spectacle – a vibrant display of unidentified flying objects). Described as bright, maneuvering orbs of light, these UFOs offered a riveting spectacle against the night sky. The local residents, usually engrossed with the majestic waterfall views, were this time captivated by a truly surreal aerial phenomenon.
An eyewitness reported seeing what seemed like “squadrons of something flying,” not once but for two consecutive days. The enigmatic nature of this event has sparked intrigue, leading to speculations ranging from secret military operations to the more captivating possibility – are these actual UFOs? A local resident recorded this extraordinary spectacle and was left pondering, “UFOs two days in a row. I’ve seen like 100; what is this?”
In the clear video footage, you can distinctly observe multiple bright objects maneuvering in the night sky. They move in a pattern that defies any known aircraft’s movements, catching the viewer’s eye with their seemingly choreographed aerial ballet. Each UFO glows intensely against the dark night sky, creating a mesmerizing tableau reminiscent of a cosmic light show.
These extraordinary UFO sightings over Niagara Falls have been shared widely on social media, making the location a buzzword among UFO enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists alike. The video has generated enormous traffic, leaving netizens with more questions than answers about the phenomenon that unfolded in the sky over Niagara Falls.
The increase in reported UFO sightings worldwide, coupled with this recent incident, has led to a resurgence of interest in the UFO phenomenon. The compelling evidence presented in this video could potentially herald a turning point in how we perceive UFO sightings, making the recent Niagara Falls incident a focal point for this ever-fascinating discourse.
While we may not yet have a definitive answer as to whether these bright, maneuvering UFOs are genuine extraterrestrial crafts, top-secret military drones, or an unexplained natural phenomenon, one thing is certain – the UFO sightings over Niagara Falls have captivated the world. They have sparked a renewed curiosity and wonderment, reminding us of the fascinating mysteries that our vast universe continues to hold.
Communiceren we binnenkort via gedachten? Elon Musk mag breinimplantaat op mensen testenCommuniceren we binnenkort via gedachten? Elon Musk mag breinimplantaat op mensen testen
Neuralink, een bedrijf van miljardair Elon Musk, heeft van de Amerikaanse gezondheidsautoriteiten toestemming gekregen om zijn hersenimplantaten te testen op mensen. Dat kondigde het bedrijf donderdag aan op Twitter. Neuralink is bezig met de ontwikkeling van een hersenimplantaat dat patiënten toelaat om te communiceren via hun gedachten.
“Dit is een belangrijke eerste stap waarmee onze technologie op een dag veel mensen kan helpen”, aldus het Californische bedrijf, eraan toevoegend “dat de werving voor de klinische proeven nog niet geopend is”.
Neuralink werkte al langer aan een implantaat - zo groot als een muntstuk - dat in de schedel wordt ingebracht. Bedoeling is om via het brein rechtstreeks te communiceren met een computer. Elon Musk zei eind vorig jaar al dat er gesprekken bezig waren met de Amerikaanse geneesmiddelenwaakhond FDA en verwachtte toen “binnen de zes maanden groen licht” voor een eerste test met mensen. De FDA heeft donderdag niet gereageerd op het bericht van Neuralink.
Het bedrijf wil met de technologie proberen verlamde mensen in staat te stellen hun spieren weer te bewegen en mensen die blind zijn geworden hun zicht terug te geven. Voor de verdere toekomst heeft Neuralink plannen om de implantaten te gebruiken om mensen die een beroerte hebben gehad of kampen met ziektes als amytrofische laterale sclerose (ALS) of Parkinson te laten communiceren via hun gedachten. In proeven met apen konden de dieren bijvoorbeeld een computerspel bedienen met hun hersenen.
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Het bedrijf van Musk is niet het enige dat zich bezighoudt met technologie om de werking van de hersenen te monitoren: er wordt al decennialang wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar gevoerd. Maar de komst van Musk heeft er wel voor gezorgd dat andere investeerders interesse krijgen in het domein en het onderzoek sneller opschiet.
Al sinds 2019 voorspelde Musk meermaals dat zijn in 2016 opgerichte bedrijf “binnenkort” van de Amerikaanse gezondheidsautoriteiten toestemming zou krijgen voor proeven op mensen. Begin vorig jaar werd een aanvraag van het bedrijf om te mogen starten met klinisch onderzoek nog afgewezen door de Amerikaanse geneesmiddelenwaakhond FDA, vanwege zorgen over de veiligheid van het experimentele implantaat.
Het logo van Neuralink en Elon Musk op de achtergrond.
© REUTERS
Scientists Are As Bewildered About Unidentified Aerial Phenomena As the Rest of Us
UAP research could be going mainstream, a recent survey of academic researchers suggests.

About one-fifth of academics who responded to a recent survey reported that they or someone they knew had seen what we now call unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs), and more than a third were interested in doing serious academic research on the topic.
“I personally know three physicists who independently report seeing UFOs,” one scientist (whose field was omitted for privacy reasons) told social scientist Marissa Yingling, historian Charlton Yingling, and education researcher Bethany Bell. “They have no explanation for the phenomenon they observed, other than they observed it.”
That scientist is one of about 280 academic researchers who reported that they, or someone they know, have witnessed UAPs — the current, more respectable term for UFOs. They make up a fifth of the researchers who responded to Yingling and her colleagues’ recent survey on the subject. Responders included researchers in 14 academic fields, from art and design to physics, at 144 major U.S. universities. They published their results in the journal Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.
According to Yingling and her colleagues, “Curiosity outweighed skepticism or indifference.”
Only 1,460 researchers responded, out of more than 39,000 that Yingling and her colleagues contacted. A 4 percent response rate is extremely small to base a research study on, and it’s on the low end even for things like customer satisfaction surveys. In this case, researchers who were already interested in UAP, or who had an experience of their own, were probably more likely to answer the survey. The skeptics probably weeded themselves out by not responding.
“Not only did one faculty member write to communicate that simply receiving the email was ‘insulting,’ 14 faculty wrote seeking confirmation that the survey was not spam,” write Yingling and her colleagues. “One person sent a courtesy email to share that they feared our names were being used in a scam.”
If anything, the response rate and the worried emails emphasize reticence on the part of U.S. academics about UAP research. But among those who responded, there seems to be growing interest in serious academic research into UAP, which parallels recent interest from NASA, the Pentagon, and Congress.

J. Allen Hynek, an academic hired by the Air Force under Project Blue Book to investigate purported UFO sightings.
GETTY IMAGES/MOVIEPIX/GETTY IMAGES
Thirty-nine percent of the researchers who responded to the survey said they didn’t know how to explain UAP. About 21 percent said there was bound to be a natural explanation, and a slew of individual answers pointed the finger at super-secret military technology, “cultural predilections,” drug-induced hallucinations, and, of course, weather balloons. On the other hand, 13 percent of participants — about 190 researchers — said that UAP are probably “devices of unknown intelligence.”
For comparison, 41 percent of U.S. adults in a 2021 Gallup poll believe at least some UAP are alien craft. About half believe UAP can be entirely explained by human activity or natural phenomena. So academics seem to be more skeptical than the general public about alien explanations for UAP, notwithstanding operations like the Galileo Project.
But at least some academic researchers are also curious. Only 4 percent of the survey participants had actually done UAP research, but another 36 percent showed interest, and 37 percent described UAP research as “very important or absolutely essential.” And 64 percent said that if UAP research is happening, it’s important for academia to be involved.
“Something is definitely out there,” one social scientist told Yingling and her colleagues, “and I just hope the mystery is solved to everyone’s satisfaction during my lifetime.”
Before His Death, NASA Astronaut Said “Aliens Arrived To Stop Nuclear War”After returning from the Moon, Apollo astronauts Neil Armstrong (1969) and Edgar Mitchell (1971) changed their views on the origin of life on Earth. Both space pioneers tried to explore more about the Earth and spent much time understanding who could be behind everything. Without resisting, Armstrong accepted an invitation from the Hungarian explorer to go on a quest to the Amazon jungles to search for some information about aliens and previous civilizations. Besides, after returning to Earth, Mitchell left NASA and founded the Institute of Noetic Sciences, which advocated exploring the universe by means of the inquiry that might lay outside science and religion.
Although there are conspiracy theories claiming that Armstrong saw aliens on the far side of the moon, he remained silent on the topic. His expedition to the Andes Cave with other top officials is the only information that hints that Armstong was interested in the extraterrestrial subject. On the other hand, Mitchell always expressed his views on alien life and got deeper into the theories about extraterrestrials.
“From looking at Earth from space you come up with the question, who are we, how did we get here and where’s all this going? And that’s an ancient, ancient question that humans have asked for a long time… My experience was to realize that perhaps our science is wrong at answering these questions and perhaps our religious cosmologies are archaic and flawed. And given that now we are an extraterrestrial civilization ourselves, we need to re-ask these questions, and do a lot more work to find the answers.”—Edgar Mitchell, 2016 Vice interview
Edgar Mitchell during an Apollo 14 training session in 1970
Why did Edgar Mitchell get so much into extraterrestrials? Probably the answer lies within the most famous Roswell UFO crash. In 1947, 16-year-old Mitchell lived on a ranch near the crash site. It was the moment that fueled the entire UFO theories around the globe. According to Blake Stilwell, a former Air Force combat photographer, Mitchell believed that the aliens had prevented the nuclear war between the Soviets and the Americans, and it is on record.
Stilwell wrote: “He [Mitchell] also claimed that top military officials had hidden evidence of UFOs, potentially alien spacecraft and that they were particularly fond of hovering over White Sands Testing Range in New Mexico. I have wondered if we are prepared for our own survival. The only way for humans to gain some control of the species’ mad trajectory, he believed, was “by questioning many fundamental assumptions underlying civilization,” Mitchell said.
Mitchell told the Mirror in 2015 “White Sands was a testing ground for atomic weapons – and that’s what the extraterrestrials were interested in… They wanted to know about our military capabilities. My own experience talking to people has made it clear the ETs had been attempting to keep us from going to war and help create peace on Earth.”He further stated that other military officials had confided in him that alien spacecraft were to blame for shooting down nuclear missiles over the Pacific Ocean and destroying them.
“I have spoken to many Air Force officers who worked at these silos during the Cold War,” Mitchell continued. “They told me UFOs were frequently seen overhead and often disabled their missiles. “Other officers from bases on the Pacific coast told me their [test] missiles were frequently shot down by alien spacecraft. “There was a lot of activity in those days.”
Nick Pope, a former Ministry of Defence UFO researcher believed Mitchell was an honorable and truthful man. He said, “clearly, because of who he is, he’s had access to government, military, and intelligence community personnel at the highest level, but because – quite understandably – he won’t name his sources, we can’t be certain these people were being straight with him, or indeed that they were privy to any classified information about UFOs.”
In 2016, Wikileaks revealed thousands of emails that were allegedly linked to Hillary Clinton’s campaign chairman John Podesta. The emails unfolded secret information shared with Podesta about UFOs and ETs. In 2015, Podesta received emails from Mitchell that expressed his concern about the weaponization of space and its impact on the ETI (extraterrestrial intelligence). Despite the fact that aliens might be violent as shown in various sci-fi, the notable astronaut called them nonviolent in an email. (Source)
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In January 2015, he sent an email to Podesta, asking him to have an urgent meeting to discuss Disclosure and Zero Point Energy (ZPE). He was concerned about the peace in space. Mitchell wrote: “My Catholic colleague Terri Mansfield will be there too, to bring us up to date on the Vatican’s awareness of ETI. Another colleague is working on a new Space Treaty, citing involvement with Russia and China. However, with Russia’s extreme interference in Ukraine, I believe we must pursue another route for peace in space and ZPE on Earth.”
Carol Rosin, one of Mitchell’s longtime collaborators, and Terri Mansfield confirmed to Geekwire Mitchell was indeed the author of the two emails. Rosin noted that Mitchell and Podesta shared an interest in extraterrestrial lore. “As you know, Dr. Mitchell was courageously educating people about the fact that ‘we are not alone,’ that there is no evidence of there being any hostile ETs here or coming to control, intervene or harm us, that we can have zero point energy, that there are no weapons based in space and that this is the unique time in history when our leaders can sign and ratify the ‘Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space’ that has been introduced by the leaders of Russia and China,” Rosin said.

According to terrimansfield.com, “Terri (Terese) Mansfield is the Executive Vice President for Fundraising in the Public Interest (FPI), founded by President and CEO Suzanne Mendelssohn, Ph.D., Earth’s only ETI obedience healer as well as science intuitive for tau neutrino zero point energy (ZPE)”. In addition, Terese is the Director of the ETI (Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Peace Task Force.
Terri witnessed the Phoenix Lights event on March 13, 1997. She described the event as a peaceful ETI greeting to humanity. “Little did I know at the time that what I was witness to was the Mother Craft, a two-mile-wide craft that shared the night sky with multiple crafts, seen by thousands of witnesses in Arizona as a peaceful ETI Hello to Earth,” she explained. (Source)
Mitchell emailed Podesta again on September 18, 2015. He wrote: “Because the War in Space race is heating up, I felt you should be aware of several factors as you and I schedule our Skype talk. Remember, our nonviolent ETI from the contiguous universe are helping us bring zero point energy to Earth. They will not tolerate any forms of military violence on Earth or in space.”
It was confirmed by one of Mitchell’s collaborators that the meeting between Podesta and him never took place. During the 2016 election campaign, Podesta declared he would convince Clinton to declassify as many UFO files as possible. In 2014, he tweeted that his biggest failure during the Obama administration was not to ask them for the release of UFO files.
Apollo astronaut Edgar Mitchell died in 2016 but for his entire life, he was a pacifist and a promoter of ETI reality. According to him, ZPE is the ultimate energy source from which all matter derives.
SETI Live: A Sign in Space - Simulating First Contact
SETI Live: A Sign in Space - Simulating First Contact
What would happen if we received a message from an extraterrestrial civilization? Daniela de Paulis, Artist in Residence at the SETI Institute and the Green Bank Observatory (GBO), brought a team of international experts together, including SETI researchers, space scientists, and artists, to stage her latest project, A Sign in Space.
On May 24, 2023, the European Space Agency’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), in orbit around Mars, will transmit an encoded message to Earth to simulate receiving a signal from extraterrestrial intelligence.
May 22, 2023, Mountain View, CA – What would happen if we received a message from an extraterrestrial civilization? Daniela de Paulis, an established interdisciplinary artist and licensed radio operator who currently serves as Artist in Residence at the SETI Institute and the Green Bank Observatory, has brought together a team of international experts, including SETI researchers, space scientists, and artists, to stage her latest project, A Sign in Space. This revolutionary presentation of global theater aims to explore the process of decoding and interpreting an extraterrestrial message by engaging the worldwide SETI community, professionals from different fields and the broader public. This process requires global cooperation, bridging a conversation around SETI, space research and society across multiple cultures and areas of expertise.
As part of the project, on May 24, 2023, the European Space Agency's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) in orbit around Mars will transmit an encoded message to Earth to simulate receiving a signal from an extraterrestrial intelligence.

“Throughout history, humanity has searched for meaning in powerful and transformative phenomena,” said Daniela de Paulis, the visionary artist behind the A Sign in Space project. “Receiving a message from an extraterrestrial civilization would be a profoundly transformational experience for all humankind. A Sign in Space offers the unprecedented opportunity to tangibly rehearse and prepare for this scenario through global collaboration, fostering an open-ended search for meaning across all cultures and disciplines.”
Three world-class radio astronomy observatories located across the globe will detect the encoded message. These include the SETI Institute’s Allen Telescope Array (ATA), the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) at the Green Bank Observatory (GBO), and the Medicina Radio Astronomical Station observatory managed by Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF). The specific content of the encoded message, developed by de Paulis and her team, is currently undisclosed, allowing the public to contribute to decoding and interpreting the content.
The ESA ExoMars Orbiter will transmit the encoded message on May 24 at 19:00 UTC / 12:00 pm PDT, with receipt on Earth 16 minutes later. To engage the public, the SETI Institute will host a social media live stream event featuring interviews with key team members, including scientists, engineers, artists and more, joining the live stream from around the world, including control rooms from the ATA, the GBT, and Medicina. Hosted by the SETI Institute’s Dr. Franck Marchis and GBO’s Victoria Catlett, the live stream event will begin at 11:15 am PDT here.
“This experiment is an opportunity for the world to learn how the SETI community, in all its diversity, will work together to receive, process, analyze, and understand the meaning of a potential extraterrestrial signal,” said ATA Project Scientist Dr. Wael Farah. “More than astronomy, communicating with ET will require a breadth of knowledge. With “A Sign in Space,” we hope to make the initial steps towards bringing a community together to meet this challenge.”
Following the transmission, ATA, GBT, and Medicina teams will process the signal and then make it available to the public for decoding.
The SETI Institute will securely store the processed data in collaboration with Breakthrough Listen Open Data Archive and Filecoin, the world's largest decentralized storage network. This collaborative effort ensures the preservation and accessibility of the processed data, safeguarding its availability for further analysis and decoding endeavors.
"We're thrilled to partner with SETI on this groundbreaking project," said Stefaan Verveat, Head of Network Growth at Protocol Labs, the company behind Filecoin. "Our decentralized data storage solutions are ideally suited for the secure and reliable storage of the vast amounts of data generated by this project."
Anyone working to decode and interpret the message can discuss the process in the A Sign in Space Discord server. Submissions of findings, thoughts, and artistic and scientific inputs may be made through the dedicated submission form on the project’s website: https://asignin.space/decode-the-message/
Following the transmission, the A Sign in Space team will host a series of Zoom-based discussions open to the public around topics that consider the societal implications of detecting a signal from an extraterrestrial civilization. The discussions will take place over 6-8 weeks after the transmission. A list of events with registration links is here.
More information about the project can be found at “A Sign in Space” website: https://asignin.space/.
New Star Trek-style device 'harvests clean energy out of thin air'
Just like the replicator on Star Trek: The Next Generation, a new clean energy prototype promises to work wonders out of thin air.
The researchers call it Air-gen, a mobile electricity generation device that uses a network of protein nanowires to turn the ambient humidity in the air into contained, synthetic thunderstorms.
This 'human-built, small-scale cloud,' these scientists said, can produce electricity 'predictably and continuously' in a wider variety of conditions than sun-dependent solar cells or wind-dependent turbines.
The team hopes to see Air-gen scaled up for mass use across the world - in environments ranging from the Amazon rainforest to the Sahara.

The team's Air-gen effect replicates the conditions of an energy-rich thundercloud, trapping water vapor in a network of tiny, nano-scale pores to harvest and store its electric potential

In its ability to pull something out of thin air, the device resembles the replicator (above) from Star Trek: The Next Generation, which could produce almost anything from excess junk matter
'The air contains an enormous amount of electricity,' according to the study's senior author, Dr. Jun Yao of Massachusetts University Amherst. 'Think of a cloud, which is nothing more than a mass of water droplets.'
'Each of those droplets contains a charge, and when conditions are right, the cloud can produce a lightning bolt,' Dr. Yao said, 'but we don't know how to reliably capture electricity from lightning.'
Yao's Air-gen solves this problem by replicating the conditions of energy-rich thunderclouds, trapping that charged water vapor inside a network of tiny, nano-scale pores.
Luckily, Yao said, a lot of different materials can be used to harvest energy from this technique.
'It just needs to have holes smaller than 100 nm (nanometers) - or less than a thousandth of the width of a human hair.'
In fact, when his team first started testing this technology three years ago, they used a specialized material of protein nanowires generated from a bacterial culture of Geobacter sulfurreducens.
Essentially, Yao and his team confirmed that they could continuously harvest electricity off a petri dish using their 'Air-gen effect.'
The 100 nm-size is so important to the process, the team says, because it scales to what chemists know as the 'mean free path' - the distance a single molecule of water vapor can float in midair before it bumps into another.
With these tiny pores, the researchers realized that they could create a build-up of electrical charge as water molecules passed through their nanotubes. The effect is almost like balloons generating static electricity, if they were forced to pass through a tube made of thick carpeting.
The Air-gen system creates a charge imbalance, in essence, as the upper end of the pore system builds up a charge in contrast to the lower end, just like the two sides of a battery.
'The idea is simple,' Yao said, 'but it's never been discovered before - and it opens all kinds of possibilities.'

In this drawing of the Air-gen device, the team's thin film of tiny protein nano-pores is clamped between a pair of electrodes. The top electrode is small enough to expose the top pores to the humid air, creating the positive and negative charge difference needed for a battery-like effect

The scientists made their Air-gen device from a specialized material of protein nanowires, which they grew from the bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. Scanning electron microscopy shows the tiny protein nanotubes surfaces (above) at a scale of just a few micrometers (μm)
Unlike solar cells, which frequently require exotic and sometimes toxic advanced materials to collect the sun's rays, Air-gen's nano-pore system could be designed from a wide variety of more environmentally friendly materials.
'What we realized after making the Geobacter discovery,' Yao said, 'is the ability to generate electricity from the air - what we then called the "Air-gen effect" - turns out to be generic.'
'Literally any kind of material can harvest electricity from air, so long as it can be shaped into the tiny, 100 nm pore system,' he said.
Yao and his team hope that their ultra modular and portable concept could be deployed across the world in a wide variety of conditions.
'You could imagine harvesters made of one kind of material for rainforest environments, and another for more arid regions,' Yao said.
And because humidity is not exactly a rare weather phenomenon, Air-gen harvesters could run 24/7, day or night, in almost any weather.
By their estimates, as published this month in the journal Advanced Materials, the devices could be stacked on top of each other by the thousands and would be able to generate over 1 kilowatt of power per cubic meter of space.
'Imagine a future world in which clean electricity is available anywhere you go,' Yao said. 'The generic Air-gen effect means that this future world can become a reality.'
Scientists Made An Artificial
The secret? Tiny holes.

Taking a hint from the magician’s playbook, scientists have devised a way to pull electricity from thin air. A new study out today suggests a method in which any material can offer a steady supply of electricity from the humidity in the air.
All that’s required? A pair of electrodes and a special material engineered to have teeny tiny holes that are less than 100 nanometers in diameter. That’s less than a thousandth of the width of a human hair.
Here’s how it works: The itty-bitty holes allow water molecules to pass through and generate electricity from the buildup of charge carried by the water molecules, according to a new paper published in the journal Advanced Materials.

The scientist’s design mimics how lightning forms in clouds.
NURPHOTO/NURPHOTO/GETTY IMAGES
The process essentially mimics how clouds make the electricity that they release in lightning bolts.
Because humidity lingers in the air perpetually, this electricity harvester could run at any time of day regardless of weather conditions — unlike somewhat unreliable renewable energy technologies such as wind and solar.
“The technology may lead to truly ‘ubiquitous powering’ to electronics,” senior study author Jun Yao, an electrical engineer at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, tells Inverse.
The recent discovery relies on the fact that the air is chock-full of electricity: Clouds contain a build-up of electric charge. However, it’s tough to capture and use electricity from these bolts.
Instead of trying to wrangle power from nature, Yao and his colleagues realized they could recreate it. The researchers previously created a device that uses a bacteria-derived protein to spark electricity from moisture in the air. But they realized afterward that many materials can get the job done, as long as they’re made with tiny enough holes. According to the new study, this type of energy-harvesting device — which the study authors have dubbed "Air-gen", referring to the ability to pluck electricity from the air — can be made of “a broad range of inorganic, organic, and biological materials.”
“The initial discovery was really a serendipitous one,” says Yao, “so the current work really followed our initial intuition and lead to the discovery of the Air-gen effect working with literally all kinds of materials.”

The Air-gen device only requires a pair of electrodes and a material engineered with tiny pores.
LIU ET AL., 10.1002/ADMA.202300748
Water molecules can travel around 100 nanometers in the air before bumping into each other. When water moves through a thin material that’s filled with these precisely sized holes, the charge tends to build up in the upper part of the material where they enter. Since fewer molecules reach the lower layer, this creates a charge imbalance that’s similar to the phenomenon in a cloud — essentially creating a battery that runs on humidity, which apparently isn’t just useful for making hair frizzy. Electrodes on both sides of the material then carry the electricity to whatever needs powering.
And since these materials are so thin, they can be stacked by the thousands and even generate multiple kilowatts of energy. In the future, Yao envisions everything from small-scale Air-gen devices that can power wearables to those that can offer enough juice for an entire household.
Before any of that can happen, though, Yao says his team needs to figure out how to collect electricity over a larger surface area and how best to stack the sheets vertically to increase the device’s power without taking up additional space. Still, he’s excited about the technology’s future potential. “My dream is that one day we can get clean electricity literally anywhere, anytime by using Air-gen technology,” he says.
Lost Treasures of Chichen Itza: Maya Marvels Revealed (Video)

In a world where Europe languished in the dark ages , the splendor of the Maya civilization reached its zenith. Their majestic temples soared high into the heavens, their intricate hieroglyphic writing system captured the essence of their culture, and their breathtaking artworks showcased their impeccable sense of style. Nestled in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula , the grand city of Chichen Itza rose to prominence. Legends speak of sacrificial rituals, where victims were thrown into sacred wells to appease the rain god. The Maya's astronomical prowess shone through their observatory, where they meticulously tracked the stars and predicted solar eclipses.
Influenced by diverse cultures, Chichen Itza became a melting pot of civilizations. Its most renowned structure, El Castillo, an awe-inspiring pyramid with 365 steps, guarded a remarkable secret. During the equinoxes, a shadow descended upon the pyramid in the form of a slithering serpent, captivating all who witnessed this celestial spectacle. From the colossal ball court to the bustling trading center, Chichen Itza thrived for centuries until succumbing to the same forces that plagued other Maya cities. Now, amidst the encroaching rainforest, the remnants of this ancient metropolis endure, a testament to the proud and enigmatic Maya civilization that crafted it.
Rare green fireball explodes over Australia, creating bright flash visible for hundreds of miles

An unusual green meteor recently exploded as it plummeted through the sky over Australia, giving off a brilliant flash of light that could be seen for miles and a loud bang that stunned local residents below.
Cameras at Cairns Airport in Queensland captured a video of the exploding meteor, known as a bolide, at 9:22 p.m. local time on May 20. Video footage uploaded to the airport's Facebook page shows an initial green flash lighting up the night sky before a secondary white flash.
Additional footage captured on smartphones, dashcams and security cameras showed that the flash was visible as far away as Normanton, which is around 370 miles (600 kilometers) west of Cairns, The Guardian reported. The sound of the explosion could be heard most clearly above the town of Croydon, which is around 60 miles (100 km) east of Normanton, suggesting that the meteor exploded somewhere overhead.
The space rock was likely quite small, between 1.6 and 3.2 feet (0.5 and 1 meter) across, and could have been traveling up to 93,000 mph (150,000 km/h), Brad Tucker, an astrophysicist at Australian National University in Canberra, told The Guardian. Any fragments that crashed to Earth would likely have been very small and were likely still frozen, he added.
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Bolides are meteors that blow up in Earth's atmosphere due to a buildup of friction that eventually causes the space rocks to instantaneously shatter with enough force to trigger a sonic boom, according to the American Meteor Society.
The meteor "essentially does a belly flop," Tucker said. "The friction builds up and causes that glow and then it hits breaking point, which causes the huge flash and the sonic boom."
Most bolides emit a white or yellow light when they explode. The unusual green flash of the meteor that exploded above Croydon was caused by a high concentration of metals such as iron and nickel in the meteor, Tucker said.
Similar green light can also be given off by fireball meteors, which are extremely bright meteors that break apart in Earth's atmosphere but do not explode with the same intensity. In August 2022, a green fireball was spotted above New Zealand, and in November 2022, another one crashed into Lake Ontario.
Bolides occur in Earth's atmosphere relatively frequently. Between July 2017 and January 2022, astronomers detected around 3,000 bolides, according to NASA's Earth Observatory. But observers on the ground witness only a few of these blasts each year, because most of the explosions happen away from populated areas or above the ocean.
In August 2022, people in Utah were shocked by a loud explosion from a suspected bolide that likely originated from the Perseid meteor shower.
Gravitational-wave detector LIGO is back — and can now spot more colliding black holes than ever

LIGO can detect gravitational waves that are generated when two black holes collide.
Credit: The SXS Project
After a three-year hiatus made longer by pandemic troubles, the search for gravitational waves — ripples in space-time that are the hallmarks of colliding black holes and other cosmic cataclysms — has resumed.
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), which has two massive detectors in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana, is now restarting with improved sensitivity after a multimillion-dollar upgrade. The improvements should allow the facility to pick up signals from colliding black holes every two to three days, compared with once a week or so during its previous run in 2019–20.
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The Virgo detector near Pisa, Italy, which has undergone its own €8.4-million (US$9-million) upgrade, was meant to join in, but technical issues are forcing its team to extend its shutdown and perform further maintenance. “Our expectation is we’ll be able to restart by the end of summer or early autumn,” says Virgo spokesperson Gianluca Gemme, a physicist at Italy’s National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Genoa.
KAGRA, another gravitational-wave detector located under Mount Ikenoyama, Japan, is also restarting on 24 May. Its technology, although more advanced — it was inaugurated in 2020 — is being fine-tuned, and its sensitivity is still lower than LIGO’s was in 2015. Principal investigator Takaaki Kajita, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist at the University of Tokyo, says that KAGRA will join LIGO’s run for a month and then shut down again for another period of commissioning. At that point, the team will cool the interferometer’s four main mirrors to 20 kelvin, Kajita says — a feature that sets KAGRA apart from the other detectors that will serve as the model for next-generation observatories.
Gravitational waves are produced by large, accelerating masses, and the waves cyclically stretch and compress the fabric of space as they travel. Starting with LIGO’s historic first detection in 2015, most of the 90 or so gravitational-wave events recorded so far have been from the spiralling motion of pairs of black holes in the process of merging into one; a handful have been produced similarly by the merger of two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole.
LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA are all based on the same interferometer concept, which involves splitting a laser beam into two and bouncing the resulting beams between two mirrors at either end of a long vacuum pipe. (At LIGO, the two ‘arms’ of the interferometer are each 4 kilometres long; at Virgo and KAGRA, they are 3 km.) The two beams then come back and are made to overlap at a sensor in the middle. In the absence of any disturbances to space-time, the beams’ oscillations cancel one another out. But the passage of gravitational waves causes the arms to change in length with respect to each other, so that the waves don’t overlap perfectly, and the sensor detects a signal.

The LIGO detector in Livingston, Louisiana, is one of a pair based in the United States.
Credit: Xinhua/Caltech/MIT/LIGO Lab
Typical gravitational-wave events change the length of the arms by only a fraction of the width of a proton. Sensing such minute changes requires painstaking isolation from noise coming from the environment and from the lasers themselves.
In upgrades carried out before the 2019–20 run, LIGO and Virgo tackled some of this noise with a technique called light squeezing. This approach deals with inherent noise caused by the fact that light is made of individual particles: when the beams arrive at the sensor, each individual photon can arrive slightly too early or too late, which means that the laser waves don’t overlap and cancel out perfectly even in the absence of gravitational waves.
“It’s like dropping a bucket of BBs [lead pellets]: it’s going to make a loud hiss, but they all hit randomly,” physicist Lee McCuller explained while showing a prototype of the LIGO interferometers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge. Light squeezing injects an auxiliary laser beam into the interferometer that reduces that effect. “Its photons arrive more regularly, with less noise,” said McCuller, who is now at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.
The implementation of light squeezing has helped LIGO and Virgo to improve the detectors’ sensitivities to higher-frequency gravitational waves.
But because of the bizarre rules of quantum mechanics, reducing the uncertainty in the arrival time of the photons increases random fluctuations in the laser waves’ intensity. This causes the lasers to push on the interferometer mirrors and make them jitter, adding a different type of noise and potentially reducing their sensitivity to low-frequency gravitational waves. This is a “beautiful manifestation of nature”, says MIT experimentalist Nergis Mavalvala, who helped to lead the development of the squeezing technology. “You cannot make an infinitely precise measurement: you have to pay the price somewhere else,” she says.
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To deal with this issue, an important change in the most-recent upgrades of both LIGO and Virgo has been to build extra 300-metre-long vacuum pipes with mirrors at the ends, to store the auxiliary ‘squeezing’ beam for 2.5 milliseconds before injecting it into the interferometer. The role of these pipes is to shift the waves of the auxiliary laser by distinct amounts depending on their wavelengths. This means that squeezing will be selective: it will decrease the noise at high frequency while also reducing mirror jitter at low frequencies.
MIT physicist Victoria Xu was part of the team that fine-tuned the new squeezing system at LIGO’s Hanford laboratory, and she recalls the pleasant surprise when it was first turned on last November. “Things worked almost exactly as you might expect,” she says.
With the improved sensitivity of the detectors, researchers will be able to extract more-detailed information about the spiralling objects that produce gravitational waves, including how each spins around its axis and how they revolve around each other. This means putting Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity — which predicts the existence of both black holes and gravitational waves — to stricter tests than ever before. The sheer number of observations will improve the big picture of how, and how often, black holes form from massive stars that collapse in on themselves.
Astrophysicists also anticipate that gravitational waves will reveal distinct types of signal in addition to those from black-hole mergers. One major hope is to pick up the gravitational signal of a collapsing star before it manifests as a supernova explosion — a feat that will be possible only if the collapse occurs somewhere in the Galaxy. Another ambition is to sense the continuous gravitational waves produced by ruggedness in the surface of a pulsar, a spinning neutron star that emits pulses of radiation.
The family of interferometers is due to expand by the end of the decade. The Indian government has announced that it will fund LIGO-India, a replica of the US observatories to be built in part with LIGO’s spare components.
NASA May Have Found Hakuto-R’s Crash Site

This animated image shows the before and after comparison of the possible Hakuto-R impact site. Arrow A points to a prominent surface change with higher reflectance in the upper left and lower reflectance in the lower right (opposite of nearby surface rocks along the right side of the frame). Arrows B-D point to other changes around the impact site
[NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University].
BY
New images from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) appear to show the crash site where the Japanese Hakuto-R Mission 1 lunar lander impacted the surface of the Moon a month ago.
The refrigerator-sized HAKUTO-R was built by the startup company iSpace and was launched in December 2022 with the goal of becoming the first commercial lunar lander to touch down safely on the Moon. However, during landing operations on April 25, 2023, communications ceased just moments before touchdown should have occurred, and the lander was presumed lost.
A day later, LRO flew over Hakuto-R’s targeted landing area and took ten images around the landing site with its Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs). The LRO team said the images covered a region roughly 40 km by 45 km (25 X 28 miles). For a ‘before and after’ comparison, they were able to use a NAC image acquired before the landing to hunt for the remains of the lander by searching for any changes in the landscape.
Someone on the team must have eagle-eye vision, as the changes are quite subtle.

Hakuto-R was programmed to descend into the 86-km (54-mile) -wide Atlas Crater, located in the northeast quadrant of the Moon’s near side. The LRO Camera (LROC) team said they identified an unusual surface change near the intended landing site, noting at least four prominent pieces of debris and several small changes. In the center of the image above, a bright object appears in the ‘blink’ comparision, as well as several bright pixels and dark pixels surrounding it. The larger dark objects that are in both the before and after shot are nearby boulders. The camera team suggested the new objects could be a small crater at the center with different parts of the lander body surrounding it. They said this site will be analyzed more over the coming months as LROC has the opportunity to re-image the site under various lighting and viewing geometries.
This ratio image, below, which was created by dividing the data from the after and before images shows the impact site a little clearer. The LRO team said the impact created an area of higher reflectance, approximately 60-80 meters (200-270 ft) across.

The ispace Series 1 Lunar Lander stood about 2.3 meters tall (7.5 ft) and has four landing legs, and fully fueled with its payload, it weighed roughly 1000 kg (2,200 lbs). The main body is an octagonal prism, 1.6 meters high and about 1.6 meters (5.25 X 5.25 ft) across its widest diameter. It has one main landing thruster and six assist thrusters. Its electronics are powered by solar panels.
If it had been successful, it would have deployed two mini-rovers for surface exploration, and other payloads would have conducted scientific experiments for government and commercial space efforts.

Hakuto-R mission launched on Dec. 11, 2022 along with the Lunar Flashlight mission on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Hakuto-R was originally designed for the Google Lunar XPrize, but it got a chance to launch later, long after the competition was over.
The webcast of the landing was exciting to watch, and was heartbreaking to see the faces of the team when they realized the landing failed.
iSpace is planning a second lunar lander mission perhaps in 2024, depending on the success of this first mission. In addition to launching lunar landers, the company aims to one day deploy satellites.
US Marines recorded a huge triangle UFO hovering over a military base in California
Astonishing UFO Sightings Over Huntington Park: A Spectacular Display of Aerial Phenomena

On a tranquil evening on May 10, 2023, the skies over Huntington Park, California, were illuminated with an enigmatic spectacle that left residents awestruck and eager for explanations. A series of unprecedented UFO sightings, featuring hovering lights and intriguing geometric formations, have sparked a whirlwind of speculation and intrigue among both locals and UFO enthusiasts worldwide.
Witnesses to this extraordinary event reported an initial sighting of a cluster of lights hovering on the horizon. Without any apparent warning or pattern, these mysterious lights suddenly ascended vertically, tracing a path across the night sky that captivated every eye turned skyward.
Yet the spectacle was just beginning. In a breathtaking display, the lights converged to form a distinct triangular pattern. As if choreographed by an unseen hand, they held this formation briefly before they gradually faded, their luminescence merging with the dark canvas of the night sky.
No sooner had the first triangle of lights disappeared than a second set began its ascent. Following the same vertical trajectory as the first, this group of lights echoed its predecessors in a captivating dance. They too coalesced into a triangle formation, leaving onlookers spellbound at this twice-performed aerial spectacle.
Does the roar of rocket launches harm wildlife? These scientists seek answers

A bird takes flight as the private spaceflight firm SpaceX launches a rocket from Vandenberg US Space Force Base in Lompoc, California.
Credit: Patrick T. Fallon/AFP Via Getty
Rocket launches are so thunderously loud that, even from kilometres away, they can feel like being at the front of the stage at a rock concert. That, plus the fact that launch numbers are booming, has prompted a physicist and biologist to team up to study the effects of noise pollution on wildlife — particularly endangered wildlife — at one of the busiest spaceports in the world.
“You can feel it in your chest — it’s like being in a vehicle that has really big speakers, and you can just feel the vibrations coming through your body,” says one of the researchers, Lucas Hall, a wildlife ecologist at California State University in Bakersfield. Hall remembers watching a launch at California’s Vandenberg Space Force Base from a safe distance. “It’s absolutely nuts.”
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Hall, physical acoustician Kent Gee at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, and their team have close to US$1 million in funding from the US Army Corps of Engineers over 3 years to measure the soundscape and monitor a host of endangered and threatened species living near the Vandenberg base. The project, which also includes Darryl York, conservation branch chief at Vandenberg, was presented on 8 May at the Acoustical Society of America annual meeting in Chicago, Illinois. The space base initiated the project, Gee says, because of the threatened species nearby, in the coastal area around Santa Barbara, California. “This is responsible stewardship, in my opinion,” he says.
Vandenberg has, for decades, sent up about 5–15 rockets per year, but with satellite launches from private companies such as SpaceX increasing, the number is set to rise sharply — to 50–100 per year by 2030. That would surpass Vandenburg’s previous record of about 45 launches per year in the mid-1960s, during the heyday of the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Last year, there were a record 180 launches worldwide.
“If it’s happening every week, every few days, are there any implications of that?” asks Hall. “That has not been studied.”
This type of study is “incredibly important”, says acoustician Caroline Lubert at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked with Gee but isn’t involved with this project. “It needs to be a priority. We’re only going to have more launches, not less.”
There have long been concerns about the environmental impact of sparked fires, and debris and noise from rocket launches — especially at prominent sites in California, Florida and Texas that are close to US biodiversity hotspots.
SpaceX’s first Starship flight on 20 April unexpectedly blew up the launch pad at the spaceport in Boca Chica, Texas, scattering pulverized concrete and sparking a wildfire in a nature reserve. The incident has triggered a lawsuit from conservation groups, arguing that the Federal Aviation Authority should have subjected the company to a more stringent environmental assessment. The region around the spaceport hosts threatened populations of turtles and birds, including piping plovers (Charadrius melodus), whose numbers are declining, and Northern Aplomado falcons (Falco femoralis), which are endangered in Texas.

Piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) are among the birds that inhabit the area around a spaceport in Boca Chica, Texas, where a SpaceX rocket blew up last month.
Credit: Vicki Jauron, Babylon and Beyond Photography/Getty
Sharon Wilcox, senior Texas representative for the conservation group Defenders of Wildlife, which is based in Washington DC, says the organization has “considerable concerns about the impacts of sound, concussion and vibration resulting from these launches”.
Although it is clear that rocket launches are extraordinarily loud, the details aren’t always predictable or well understood. For instance, Gee measured the noise from last year’s launch of the uncrewed Artemis I mission to the Moon at 127–136 decibels from several kilometres away1. The sound’s intensity was nearly two orders of magnitude greater than predicted by models used in environmental assessments, suggesting a need to revise those models.
It’s not just the volume of the launch noise that’s important for nearby creatures, Gee adds, but also the distribution of sound frequencies. “We have very little information about how animals perceive these sounds,” he says.
Chronic noise pollution — from cities, car or boat traffic, for example — is known to increase stress levels for animals ranging from whales2 to humans. It can also have an impact on birdsong3 and animal behaviour. But the impacts of recurring, extremely loud events such as rocket launches are not well known.
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The team will be measuring the soundscape close to Vandenberg’s many launch sites and, as a control, at locations tens of kilometres away. Animals in these habitats include the western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus), the California least tern (Sterna antillarum browni), the California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) and the tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi). The team has weekly data on plover and tern numbers stretching back to the 1990s, collected by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
Cameras will capture how animals react to rocket-launch sounds: for example, whether birds abandon their nests or change their foraging or mating behaviour. Audio monitors will pick up whether they alter their songs in response to the noise, in the same way that people yell after loud noise exposure. The birds will have some resilience, Hall says. “But at some point, there’s going to be a threshold where that resilience is overcome.”
Although Hall and Gee have secured funding for only three years, they hope to continue the work for more than a decade.
Space bases already dampen launch noise by dumping massive amounts of water onto the launch pad to absorb sound energy. The study will help to determine whether anything needs to change to protect wildlife, such as avoiding launches during certain sensitive times such as breeding seasons, or changing the shape or size of the fire trench designed to divert rocket fumes, heat and noise. “We have to focus on whether we’re trying to reduce noise, redirect noise or change the frequency of the noise,” Lubert says.
Gee, K. L. et al. JASA Express Lett. 3, 023601 (2023).
Rolland, R. M. et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 2363–2368 (2012).
De Framond, L. & Brumm, H. Proc. R. Soc. B. 289, 20220906 (2022).
There's a storm brewing on Uranus! NASA spots a swirling cyclone at the ice giant's north pole for the first time
While Uranus undeniably has the funniest name of all the planets in our solar system, it remains the most unexplored, with just one spacecraft flying past the planet back in the 1980s.
But advances in ground-based telescopes mean that we can now get unprecedented views of the ice giant, while comfortably still on Earth.
Using the Very Large Array, NASA scientists have spotted what they believe is a polar cyclone at Uranus' north pole for the very first time.
'These observations tell us a lot more about the story of Uranus. It's a much more dynamic world than you might think,' said Alex Akins, lead author of the study.
'It isn't just a plain blue ball of gas. There's a lot happening under the hood.'

Using the Very Large Array, NASA scientists have spotted what they believe is a polar cyclone at Uranus' north pole for the very first time
Scientists have long known that there is a swirling feature at Uranus' south pole.
During its flyby of the icy giant in 1986, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft took images of the south pole, showing winds at the polar centre spinning faster than over the rest of the pole.
However, until now, it's been unclear whether or not cyclones also exist at Uranus' north pole.
Using the Very Large Array, which is in New Mexico, the team was able to examine radio waves emitted from Uranus.
These revealed that beneath the planet's clouds, the circulating air at the north pole seems to be warmer and drier.
According to NASA, this is a hallmark of a strong cyclone.
Uranus takes 84 years to complete a full lap of the sun, and for the last few decades its poles haven't been pointed towards Earth.
However, since 2015 we've had a much better view, allowing scientists to look deeper into the polar atmosphere.
Uranus' cyclone is compactly shaped, with warm and dry air at its core – much like the storms on Saturn, according to NASA.
Overall, the discovery suggests that whether planets are composed mainly of rock or gas, their atmospheres show signs of a swirling vortex at the poles.

During its flyby of the icy giant in 1986, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft took images of the south pole, showing winds at the polar centre spinning faster than over the rest of the pole
Here on Earth, hurricanes form over water and drift, while on Uranus and Saturn, cyclones are locked in place at the poles.
NASA now hopes to monitor the cyclone to see how it evolves through the years.
'Does the warm core we observed represent the same high-speed circulation seen by Voyager?' Akins asked.
'Or are there stacked cyclones in Uranus' atmosphere?
'The fact that we're still finding out such simple things about how Uranus' atmosphere works really gets me excited to find out more about this mysterious planet.'
The study comes shortly after scientists from the National Academy of Scientists penned a report, urging NASA to launch the first mission to Uranus.
The report calls Uranus 'one of the most intriguing bodies in the solar system', and says studying it will improve our understanding of ice giants generally.
The group says the spacecraft should operate in the system over a number of years, orbiting the ice giant and sending a probe into its atmosphere.
There's a Polar Cyclone on Uranus' North Pole

Uranus takes 84 years to orbit the Sun, and so that last time that planet’s north polar region was pointed at Earth, radio telescope technology was in its infancy.
But now, scientists have been using radio telescopes like the Very Large Array (VLA) the past few years as Uranus has slowly revealing more and more of its north pole. VLA microwave observations from 2021 and 2022 show a giant cyclone swirling around this region, with a bright, compact spot centered at Uranus’ pole. Data also reveals patterns in temperature, zonal wind speed and trace gas variations consistent with a polar cyclone.

Scientists have long known that Uranus’ south pole has a swirling feature. When Voyager 2 flew past Uranus in 1986, it detected high wind speeds there. However, the way the planet was tilted did not allow Voyager to see the north pole.
But the VLA in New Mexico has now been studying Uranus the past several years, and observations collected in 2015, 2021, and 2022 were able to peer deep into Uranus’ atmosphere. The thermal emission data showed that circulating air at the north pole seems to be warmer and drier, which are the hallmarks of a strong cyclone.
“These observations tell us a lot more about the story of Uranus. It’s a much more dynamic world than you might think,” said Alex Akins of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, who is lead author of a new study published in Geophysical Letters. “It isn’t just a plain blue ball of gas. There’s a lot happening under the hood.”
The researchers said the cyclone on Uranus is similar to the polar cyclones observed by the Cassini mission at Saturn. With the new findings, cyclones (which rotate in the same direction their planet rotates) or anti-cyclones (which rotate in the opposite direction) have now been identified at the poles on every planet in our solar system that has an atmosphere. The researchers said this confirms a broad truth that planets with substantial atmospheres – whether the worlds are made of rock or gas – all show signs of swirling vortexes at the poles.
Uranus’ north pole is now in springtime. As it continues into summer, astronomers hope to see even more changes in its atmosphere.
Mystery In The Sky: Black Triangle UFO Stuns 50 Marines At California Camp!! - Next News Network
On the night of April 20, 2021, 50 US Marines stationed at Camp Wilson in California witnessed an extraordinary event. An enormous black triangular UFO with flashing red lights suddenly appeared in the night sky, suspending all belief. The craft hung in the air for nearly 10 minutes before vanishing without a trace. This incident, complete with stunning photos and videos, has left many baffled, even echoing the famous Phoenix Lights case.

Earth receives its first 'alien message': Scientists capture simulated ET signal that YOU can help scientists decode it
Humans are one step closer to communicating with aliens.
The SETI Institute, a non-profit dedicated to understanding life in space, simulated an extraterrestrial signal that was beamed from a Mars orbiter at 3 pm ET.
The radio waves soared through space at the speed of light and were captured by three massive telescopes in 16 minutes.
The first-of-its-kind exercise was designed to prepare scientists for the 'profoundly transformational experience for all humankind' when otherworldly beings contact our planet.
Scientists in the US and Italy were overjoyed as the message appeared on computer screens, which downloaded the radio waves in sections.
People on Earth with a ham radio also picked it up at 8.4 gigahertz - although it was not the entire signal.
The team is keeping key details about the stunt secret - including the type of signal and what it includes.
The tight lid is because the encoded transmission will be shared with the public, allowing them to help with the decoding.

Telescopes on Earth have captured a simulated alien message. The first-of-its-kind exercise was designed to prepare scientists for the 'profoundly transformational experience for all humankind' when otherworldly beings contact our planet
Daniela dePaulis, the visionary artist behind the A Sign in Space project, said during the live-streamed event: 'It was very real. This is not the first time we have received a signal from TGO [ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter], but this one is a real message.'
The signal will be sent from the European Space Agency's TGO, which hangs over Mars, studying its atmosphere.
Three massive telescopes around the globe captured the transmission: The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) in California, Robert C. Byrd at the Green Bank Observatory (GBO) in West Virginia and the Medicina Radio Astronomical Station in northern Italy.
The signal cannot be heard on Earth or at the telescope stations.
Victoria Catlett, GBO software engineer, explained: 'A radio signal is not inherently sound, but a light wave.
'When we receive it with something like a car radio, that light wave gets translated into the up and down movement in the speaker - and that is what you hear.'
She said once the radio waves have been completely captured, the team will upload the data and let the public download it.
The teams will securely store the processed data in collaboration with Breakthrough Listen Open Data Archive and Filecoin, a decentralized storage network.

The signal will be sent from the European Space Agency's TGO, which hangs over Mars, studying its atmosphere

Scientists in the US and Italy (pictured) were overjoyed as the message appeared on computer screens, which downloaded the radio waves in sections

Three massive telescopes around the globe captured the transmission: The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) in California, Robert C. Byrd at the Green Bank Observatory (GBO) in West Virginia (pictured) and the Medicina Radio Astronomical Station in northern Italy
Researchers said the message will be uploaded sometime Wednesday evening and will share two links on SETI's social media platforms when it is completed.
Only one megahertz of bandwidth will be extracted and uploaded. The size of the recording is about five gigabits per telescope. There will be four files available.
The easiest file to work with is likely the one linked to GBO because the telescope captured the strongest signal, but all the files will contain the same information.
Researchers are taking a collaborative approach to solving the message by allowing the public to access it and help decode what it reads.
And there is a submission form for anyone up to the challenge.
Humans crafted the alien message, so SETI notes that actual communication for life in space would look much different from what humans could muster up.
And the team knows that any transmission from the final frontier would come from worlds much farther away than Mars.
Earth has captured signals traveling through space.
'Much of the radio emission that comes from space is emitted by tiny electrically charged particles, known as electrons, moving through magnetic fields,' according to the European Space Agency (ESA).
'These electrons have usually been accelerated away from the shock waves of exploding stars, known as supernovae.'
One problem was that astronomers have always struggled to differentiate between potential extraterrestrial signals and human-caused ones.
This changed in February when a team of scientists led by the University of Toronto designed an algorithm capable of determining what signals are artificial and which could potentially be alien messages.
SETI's project, called 'A Sign in Space,' is a major part of the study into the possibility of Earth being contacted by extraterrestrials.
'Throughout history, humanity has searched for meaning in powerful and transformative phenomena,' said DePaulis.
'Receiving a message from an extraterrestrial civilization would be a profoundly transformational experience for all humankind.
'A Sign in Space offers the unprecedented opportunity to tangibly rehearse and prepare for this scenario through global collaboration, fostering an open-ended search for meaning across all cultures and disciplines.'
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Disk-shaped UFO seen flying over San Clemente California
EXCLUSIVE: Black 'half-football-field-sized' triangular UFO is seen hovering over California military base for 10 minutes before vanishing in dramatic footage taken by Marines in 2021
A giant 'black triangular shape' UFO hovering over a California military base was caught on six videos and witnessed by 50 US Marines in 2021.
One stunning picture shot by an officer at Camp Wilson in Twentynine Palms on April 20, 2021 shows the apparently triangular object with lights on its edges, above the desert mountains – where it hovered for 10 minutes according to witnesses.
Videos show the lights of what some of the Marines believe was a craft, hanging in the dark sky, shot between 8.24pm and 8.30pm.
At 8.29pm one video recorded troops shooting a flare into the sky in an attempt to illuminate the object, which had five red lights.
However, before they could fully illuminate the 'black triangle', it vanished without a trace.

A black triangular shaped UFO with five red lights was seen hovering in the night sky at Camp Wilson in California on April 20, 2021

At least 50 Marines saw the phenomenon and recorded the craft hanging in the sky for about 10 minutes before it vanished without a trace

One picture shot by an officer at Camp Wilson in Twentynine Palms on April 20, 2021 shows the apparently triangular object with lights on its edges

The footage, recorded by Marines using their smartphone cameras, appears to depict five lights arranged in a triangular formation
Soon after the encounter, Marines said dozens of trucks and multiple helicopters rushed to that area of the base, with choppers flying overhead until around 11.30pm that night.
Witnesses' estimates of the unidentified object's size ranged from the size of a stealth bomber, which has a wingspan of 172 feet, to approximately half the length of a football field.
Journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp acquired six pieces of film footage that captured the event from two angles, as well as an accompanying photograph, which they are releasing through their podcast, Weaponized.
The footage, recorded by Marines using their smartphone cameras, appears to depict five lights arranged in a triangular formation.
The incident has echoes of the infamous Phoenix Lights case, a well-known mass sighting of a giant triangular-shaped UFO that occurred over the city of Phoenix in 1997, with witnesses including then-Arizona governor Fife Symington.
A mortarman serving at Camp Wilson during the 2021 incident spoke with Corbell, and took a high-exposure photo on his smartphone which revealed the outline of an object.
The object appears to be triangular, surrounded by lights spaced evenly around its edge in a v-formation.
The mortarman, who DailyMail.com is keeping anonymous, described how one of his companions witnessed the object materialize from nowhere.
'One of my buddies was outside. He was looking at the sky and said that it just kind of appeared out of nowhere. And we all came out and looked and then slowly like 50-plus people started coming out and looking. Those lights appeared out of nowhere.'
He added that despite their military experience, none of the Marines could recognize the craft, and described their reaction as 'baffled.'

The incident has echoes of the infamous Phoenix Lights case, a well-known mass sighting of a giant triangular-shaped UFO that occurred over the city of Phoenix in 1997, with witnesses including then-Arizona governor Fife Symington
The mortarman, who filmed and photographed the object, said: 'If you look at the picture, you can see a black triangular shape.
'With the picture I took with the black triangular shape underneath the lights, it's definitely not any type of flare thing or illumination rounds.'
The witness said the apparent object remained stationary for approximately ten minutes. But a Marine can be overheard on one of the videos saying that the triangle appeared to be in motion.
Another Marine, who DailyMail.com is keeping anonymous, was serving as an artilleryman at the base when he saw the UFO.
He firmly rejected any suggestions that the lights could be attributed to illumination rounds fired by artillery – or any other mundane explanation he might have recognized.
'This was something none of us had ever seen before. It was a completely different color; the size [and] the illumination was different,' He said. 'When we shoot illumination rounds, it's one, you shoot in the air and let it drop, and then you shoot another one.
'This was like five right next to each other and they're kind of reddish, and our loom [illumination] rounds are a yellow-white color.'

This UFO sighting was at Camp Wilson in Twentynine Palms on April 20, 2021

One Marine, who DailyMail.com is keeping anonymous, was serving as an artilleryman at the base when he saw the UFO. 'This was something none of us had ever seen before,' he said
The artilleryman compared the UFO's size to a stealth bomber, while the mortarman described it as equivalent to the size of a three-bedroom house. Another witness who spoke with Corbell likened it to being approximately half the size of a football field.
Witnesses also reported additional peculiar lights circling the object throughout the encounter, which can be faintly observed in the footage.
Illumination rounds were eventually fired over the UFO by Marines, captured in one of the videos.
But before the object could be illuminated, it suddenly disappeared.
The mortarman described the event: 'Those two orange lights, the actual loom [illumination] rounds…went up over top of it [the UFO]. And then after that, it just disappeared. Like just straight went black and then helicopters started hauling a** towards it… and then started circling the area.'
The artilleryman said he witnessed a convoy of over 60 military trucks joining the helicopters traveling to the location.
'These helicopters were circling for a good bit afterwards. And there was a convoy as well that went out. A 60-plus truck convoy.'
The witnesses involved struggled to find explanations.
'I don't think it was anything US military,' the mortarman told Corbell. '[It was] definitely some type of UFO and the government was trying to look for it after it disappeared. I'm just trying to figure out what the hell that was.
'I've never seen anything like it.'

Journalists Jeremy Corbell (pictured) and George Knapp acquired six pieces of film footage that captured the event from two angles, as well as an accompanying photograph, which they are releasing through their podcast, Weaponized
Speaking to DailyMail.com, Corbell, who has spoken to numerous witnesses, claimed that the incident had not been reported to the US Government's UFO investigations office, known as the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO).
'Due to the location of this mass UFO sighting - within the restricted airspace of one of our active United States military installations - significant amounts of data was accumulated and includes radar, thermal, electro-optical and signature intelligence,' Corbell told DailyMail.com.
'On-base documentation is also presumed with high confidence to have been generated, due to protocol and witness observed response.
'This case had not been properly reported through the active United States UAP investigation channels; under the authority of the Department of Defense's AARO (All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office). AARO has now been informed of this presumed incursion.
'If the public wants to understand more about this UAP encounter - we will need to encourage our representatives to ask questions and push for answers.'
The Night a Giant UFO Stunned 50 Marines at Camp Wilson! 🛸 An Unresolved UFO Sighting Over a California Military Base

On a spring night in 2021, the tranquility of Camp Wilson, the largest Marine Corps training base in the world, located in Twentynine Palms, California, was abruptly broken. This seemingly ordinary evening transformed into an extraordinary event when a massive, black, triangular-shaped object with five red lights mysteriously appeared in the sky, stunning the base’s occupants.
Witnessed by at least 50 Marines, the unidentified flying object (UFO) hung motionless in the night sky for about ten minutes. Multiple Marines were able to capture the mysterious event using their smartphones, with the footage revealing a fascinating arrangement of lights forming a triangular shape.
According to the Marines, the UFO was a colossal figure, with estimates ranging from the size of a stealth bomber, which has a wingspan of 172 feet, to approximately half the length of a football field. One Marine, in an attempt to provide a more relatable estimate, likened the size of the object to a three-bedroom, two-story house.

This incident was not just witnessed, but it was also captured in six videos and a high-exposure photo shot by an officer, revealing the apparent triangular shape of the object. All this material was acquired by investigative journalists Jeremy Corbell and George Knapp, who later released it through their podcast, ‘Weaponized.’
VIDEO:
The mysterious sighting at Camp Wilson draws parallels to the famous Phoenix Lights case in 1997, where residents of Phoenix, Arizona, reported witnessing a similar giant, triangular UFO. The Phoenix incident left an indelible mark on the UFO community and remains one of the most discussed and investigated cases to date.
In the 2021 Camp Wilson sighting, the Marines reported a baffling spectacle, observing peculiar lights circling the object throughout the encounter. The Marines took immediate action and fired illumination rounds in an attempt to expose the object’s nature further. However, just before the UFO could be fully illuminated, it vanished without leaving any trace.

Following the object’s disappearance, the base was a flurry of activity. Witnesses reported seeing dozens of trucks and multiple helicopters rushing to the area of the base where the UFO was sighted. The military vehicles continued their search operation until around 11:30 pm that night.
Corbell and Knapp’s documentation of the event and the subsequent analysis led them to refer to it as a “dream UFO case.” Notably, despite their military experience, none of the Marines could recognize the craft. They described their reaction as “baffled.”
VIDEO:
Despite the intriguing footage and testimonies, this incident did not make its way up the chain of command for further investigation, at least according to publicly available information. It’s also noteworthy that this sighting was not initially reported to the US Government’s UFO investigations office, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO).
This unexplained phenomenon leaves us with more questions than answers. It adds to the growing number of UFO sightings that are reshaping our understanding of these mysterious objects and their potential implications. The quest for definitive explanations continues, driven by curiosity, scientific inquiry, and the hope of unraveling one of the greatest enigmas of our time.
VIDEO:
Discoveries of Ancient Underground Cities Around the World

Beneath the surface of our world, hidden under layers of soil, stone, and history, lie remnants of ancient civilizations - vast networks of tunnels, expansive underground cities , and complex subterranean structures. Our ancestors demonstrated remarkable ingenuity, carving out these intricate labyrinths for reasons as diverse as their cultures. Whether born out of necessity, spirituality, or security, these underground marvels have been preserved, waiting to share the untold stories of our human past.
In the heart of Mexico, the ancient city of Teotihuacan houses an extensive labyrinth of tunnels beneath the Pyramid of the Sun. Discovered only in the 1970s, this intricate network of tunnels extends to over 5 kilometers, with rooms branching off in various directions. These chambers are believed to have been used for rituals and ceremonies, with artifacts such as sculptures, pottery, and even human remains unearthed during excavations. The tunnels of Teotihuacan offer a unique insight into the spiritual and cultural life of this ancient civilization.
In 2008, another remarkable discovery was made in Mexico that further underscored the importance of the underground in Mesoamerican cosmology and architecture. Archaeologists uncovered eleven stone temples inside an underground cave system beneath the Yucatan Peninsula, complete with an underground road which the Mayans believed led to the mythical underworld city known as Xibalba. The underworld was a crucial part of the Mayan spiritual belief system, with Xibalba often depicted as a dangerous place filled with deadly trials for deceased souls.
In Peru, the Qenqo Chico tunnel network is an impressive example of Incan engineering. These tunnels, part of the larger Qenqo archaeological complex near Cusco, were carved directly into the rock and are thought to have been used for religious and ceremonial purposes. Qenqo Chico and its subterranean passages continue to fascinate archaeologists and tourists alike, offering a glimpse into the spiritual life of the Inca civilization.
The sprawling Mayan pyramid complex at Tikal , located in present-day Guatemala, has also revealed an intricate system of underground tunnels. These tunnels, rediscovered in the late 20th century, appear to connect various parts of the vast city-state, suggesting an efficient transportation or communication system. However, their exact function remains the subject of ongoing study. What is clear, however, is that these subterranean structures provide significant insights into the city planning and architectural capabilities of the ancient Mayan civilization, which flourished at Tikal from around 200 to 900 AD.

Underground shrine at Qenqo Chico, Peru.
Source: Leon petrosyan / CC by SA 3.0
In Ethiopia, the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela represent an impressive feat of subterranean architecture. Carved directly into solid rock in the 12th century, these 11 monolithic churches were reportedly created to represent a symbolic representation of Jerusalem. Each church was chiseled out of the ground, then further shaped into doors, windows, columns, and decorated with carvings. This UNESCO World Heritage site is a testament to the ingenuity of ancient African architects, and the underground network connecting the churches adds to the mystical aura of Lalibela.
In Egypt, the Giza Plateau has an enormous underground system that is a combination of manmade caverns and tunnels as well as subterranean rivers and passages. Since 1978 the caverns have been mapped using ground penetrating radar with explorations led by Dr Jim Hurtak who has allegedly entered massive chambers larger than our largest cathedrals. A few historians believe that the underground cave system in Giza, is the legendary ‘City of the Gods’, a massive underground city described by ancient writers Herodotus (5 th century BC) and Strabo (1 st Century AD). Herodotus wrote:
“There I saw twelve palaces regularly disposed, which had communication with each other, interspersed with terraces and arranged around twelve halls. It is hard to believe they are the work of man. The walls are covered with carved figures, and each court is exquisitely built of white marble and surrounded by a colonnade. Near the corner where the labyrinth ends, there is a pyramid, two hundred and forty feet in height, with great carved figures of animals on it and an underground passage by which it can be entered. I was told very credibly that underground chambers and passages connected this pyramid with the pyramids at Memphis.”
Furthermore, Herodotus spoke of the discovery of a multi-level megalithic metropolis under Giza that was 15,000 years old.
Many ancient writers supported Herodotus' record of underground passages connecting major pyramids. Lamblichus, a 4 th century AD Syrian representative of the Alexandrian School of mystical and philosophical studies, recorded information about an entranceway through the body of the Sphinx into the Great Pyramid:
“This entrance, obstructed in our day by sands and rubbish, may still be traced between the forelegs of the crouched colossus. It was formerly closed by a bronze gate whose secret spring could be operated only by the Magi. It was guarded by public respect, and a sort of religious fear maintained its inviolability better than armed protection would have done. In the belly of the Sphinx were cut out galleries leading to the subterranean part of the Great Pyramid. These galleries were so art-fully crisscrossed along their course to the Pyramid that, in setting forth into the passage without a guide throughout this network, one ceasingly and inevitably returned to the starting point.”
One of the most impressive underground constructions in Egypt is the Serapeum of Saqqara, a vast subterranean complex that housed the Apis bulls, considered incarnations of the god Ptah. Housing massive granite sarcophagi in crypt-like galleries, this labyrinthine network showcases the Egyptians' advanced engineering skills.
The discovery in 1992 of 24 man-made caves in China, known as the Longyou Caves , revealed an extraordinary feat of ancient engineering and craftsmanship. The caves, carved into solid siltstone, represent a massive undertaking that required the removal of an estimated 36,000 cubic meters of stone. The floor area of each grotto extends over two thousand square meters, with the highest point in the caves reaching over 30 meters. Interestingly, there are no historical records or legends pertaining to the caves, rendering their origin and purpose a mystery. The precision and symmetry of the carving, along with the sheer volume of excavated material, imply a level of planning and organization that challenge our understanding of ancient Chinese society and its capabilities. The absence of tool marks or signs of work, coupled with the scale and complexity of the caves, continue to perplex researchers and historians, making the Longyou Caves one of the most enigmatic archaeological sites in the world.

One of the Longyou caves.
Source: Zhangzhugang / CC by SA 4.0.
India, with its rich and ancient history, is also home to a number of fascinating underground structures. The city of Varanasi, believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, has an extensive network of underground passages and rooms that date back several centuries. These passages were used by the residents for various purposes including travel, trade, and religious ceremonies. Furthermore, the UNESCO World Heritage site of Ellora in Maharashtra , famous for its rock-cut temples, includes an intricate network of tunnels and chambers beneath the surface. One of the most astonishing of these underground marvels is the Kailasa Temple, which was carved from a single rock and extends into the earth, showcasing the advanced architectural and engineering skills of ancient Indian civilization. The purpose and full extent of these subterranean networks in India remain subjects of ongoing archaeological exploration and research.
Turkey, particularly the region of Cappadocia, is world-renowned for its ancient underground cities. These cities were primarily used as hideouts by early Christians to escape persecution. Derinkuyu, one of the most well-known of these underground cities, is an expansive network that extends approximately 60 meters deep and could accommodate an astonishing 20,000 people along with their livestock and food stores. It had more than 600 entrances to the surface. Another famous subterranean city is Kaymakli, which was believed to have been used as a large agricultural depot and trading hub. The cities contain numerous features such as ventilation shafts, wine and oil presses, stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories, and chapels, showcasing a sophisticated understanding of underground construction. Turkey may have the greatest number of underground cities and networks in the work and more are being discovered every year.
In Italy, the legacy of the Etruscans , a pre-Roman civilization, is visible through an extensive network of underground tunnels known as "Vie Cave" or "Etruscan Ways." These narrow, canyon-like paths, which were dug into tuff stone, often reach staggering heights, creating an impressive spectacle. Their purpose remains largely a mystery, with theories ranging from a means of communication and transport between settlements, to having religious or ceremonial importance.
On the archipelago of Malta is home to a vast network of underground tunnels. The Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni , a UNESCO World Heritage site, is an extraordinary subterranean structure dating back to around 3300-3000 BC. This labyrinthine complex spans three levels, with rooms, halls, and passages hewn directly into the limestone. The Hypogeum was likely used as both a sanctuary and a necropolis, with remains of over 7,000 individuals discovered within its depths.
Elsewhere in Europe, the city of Odessa in Ukraine is known for its labyrinthine catacombs, which stretch approximately 2,500 kilometers, making them among the largest networks of tunnels anywhere in the world. Originally, these tunnels were the result of limestone mining in the 19th century, the same limestone used to build much of the city. Over time, the catacombs served various purposes – from a hideout for Soviet partisans during World War II to an illicit playground in more recent years. These varied examples underline Europe's rich history of utilizing subterranean spaces for an array of purposes, each of them contributing to our understanding of past civilizations.
The ability of ancient people to shape the earth, to build beneath the surface, and to create these complex subterranean networks across continents is a testament to their resilience, ingenuity, and adaptability. These underground cities, tunnels, and structures are more than just historical relics; they are enduring symbols of humanity's enduring desire to innovate, adapt, and survive.
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Powerful Volcanic Eruption Created
Changes to Earth’s upper atmosphere could be a byproduct of big eruptions — causing hiccups in satellite and GPS communication.

When the eruption of an underwater volcano near Tonga crescendoed into a fiery blast last year, it sent shock waves around the globe. Its eruption was stronger than an atomic bomb and set new records that have since dwarfed the power of most volcanic eruptions in recorded history.
The volcano, called Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, was the first ever observed to shoot ash 35 miles above ground into Earth’s mesosphere. It also sent out the fastest atmospheric pressure waves ever recorded and caused several rare tsunamis.

The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai, as seen from space.
NASA EARTH OBSERVATORY IMAGE BY JOSHUA STEVENS USING GOES IMAGERY COURTESY OF NOAA AND NESDIS
In Earth’s upper atmosphere, about 50 to 400 miles above ground, an important boundary called the ionosphere sits between our planet and outer space. It’s made of electrically charged particles that absorb dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The movement of those particles is easily influenced by changing conditions on and around Earth’s atmosphere.
Upper atmospheric winds and electric fields can sometimes create bubbles in the ionosphere above the equator that form due to uneven particle densities. It might sound benign, but the bubbles can cause disruptions for GPS signals and satellite communications that use the ionosphere to bounce signals through this charged upper layer.
Scientists don’t know much about how events on (and below) Earth’s surface might cause these bubbles to form. But it’s clear that strong air pressure waves can shake up the ionosphere’s density. Given that Tonga’s eruption generated enormous waves of pressure, the researchers hypothesized that the blast could have potentially caused a plasma bubble to form.

An artistical representation of the Tonga volcano sending pressure waves into the atmosphere that triggered disturbances in the ionosphere.
ERG SCIENCE CENTER
Sure enough, data from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Himawari-8 and Arase satellites revealed that the density of charged particles suddenly became higher in the ionosphere around the time the eruption took place.
Even hours before the Tonga volcano blew its top, changes in the ionosphere were already taking place. The data shows that it didn’t even take a full eruption to increase air pressure and cause significant changes far above the surface of Earth.
“The results of this research are significant not only from a scientific point of view but also from the point of view of space weather and disaster prevention,” said study author Atsuki Shinbori, a professor at Nagoya University, in a statement.
Knowing how powerful events like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes shake things up in the ionosphere could help predict future disruptions to GPS and satellite communications, especially in times of crisis.
Onze aarde ontvangt vandaag een “boodschap van aliens” en iedereen kan die mee helpen ontcijferenOver de vraag of aliens echt bestaan wordt al jaar en dag gediscussieerd, maar vanavond zullen we eindelijk weten hoe het is om met buitenaardse wezens te communiceren. Zo zal een gesimuleerde boodschap van Mars naar onze aarde worden gestuurd. Het doel van het experiment is om aardbewoners voor te bereiden op “toekomstig contact met buitenaardse wezens”.
De Marsverkenner ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) van het Europees Ruimteagentschap (ESA) zal de boodschap rond 21.00 uur Belgische tijd versturen. Ongeveer een kwartier later wordt het bericht op aarde opgepikt. Drie observatoria vangen de boodschap op: de Allen Telescope Array van het SETI-instituut in Noord-Californië, de Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in West-Virginia en het Medicina radio-observatorium in de Noord-Italiaanse stad Bologna.
De bedenker van het project is de visionaire kunstenares Daniela de Paulis van het SETI-instituut. Volgens haar is het experiment een goede oefening voor als we ooit een echte buitenaardse boodschap ontvangen. “Het zou een transformerende ervaring voor de mensheid zijn”, zegt ze.
De inhoud van de boodschap is niet vrijgegeven en daar is ook een specifieke reden voor. Zo hoopt het instituut dat ruimtewetenschappers de boodschap met behulp van het brede publiek kunnen ontcijferen. Geïnteresseerden krijgen toegang tot een speciale groep in de berichtenapp Discord. Daarin kunnen ze vervolgens naar hartenlust hun analyses en interpretaties van de alienboodschap delen. Wetenschappers zullen het buitenaardse bericht openbaar maken zodra ze het hebben ontvangen.
Er wordt ook een livestream georganiseerd voor al wie het experiment op de voet wil volgen.
“Dit soort project had al veel eerder moeten plaatsvinden. We zoeken al meer dan 60 jaar naar buitenaardse signalen, maar we hebben nooit echt nagedacht over hoe we zo’n signaal zouden ontvangen en decoderen”, zegt Franck Marchis, astronoom bij het SETI-instituut.
The Tonga Eruption Was So Powerful it Disrupted Satellites Half a World Away

The Tonga eruption in 2022 sent ash and water into the air and created an atmospheric pressure wave that helped create an equatorial plasma bubble that disrupted satellite communications that depend on the ionosphere.
Courtesy of Himawari-8 satellite.
BY
Remember the huge Tonga eruption in the South Pacific in January 2022? This underwater volcano sent tons of ash into the air. It also blew 146 teragrams of water into our atmosphere and the effect of the explosion reached space. It also made life very difficult for people on Tonga, wiping out their communications and sending tsunamis across the South Pacific.
Now, scientists report that it also sent an air pressure wave that produced a bubble of plasma in the ionosphere. That was enough to disrupt satellite communications around the world long before the pressure wave arrived.
For a team of researchers at Nagoya University in Japan, the Tonga event was a unique opportunity. It provided a chance to study the link between the atmosphere and terrestrial events such as volcanic eruptions. The team used satellites to detect the growth of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). Among other things, these EPBs can disrupt radio communications and degrade GPS signals.
EPBs form when plasma, electric fields, and neutral winds move through the ionosphere. Essentially, these bubbles are localized density gradients of plasma. Atmospheric waves disturb them. Since the volcanic blast created such a wave, the team theorized that a volcanic eruption is a trigger. The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai event was essentially a “volcanic hammer”. It pounded ten cubic kilometers of rock out in the form of ash and sediment from beneath the ocean waves. It was the biggest submarine eruption in known history.
Atsuki Shinbori and Yoshizumi Miyoshi used data from the Arase and Himawari-8 satellites to study air pressure waves from the eruption. They coordinated that with ground-based observations of something called the “total electron density” in the ionosphere. In that data, they were able to pinpoint an irregular structure of higher electron density across Earth’s equator. It occurred after the arrival of pressure waves from the eruption. “The results of this study showed EPBs generated in the equatorial to low-latitude ionosphere in Asia in response to the arrival of pressure waves caused by undersea volcanic eruptions off Tonga,” Shinbori said.

They also spotted something unusual. “Our new finding is that the ionospheric disturbances are observed several minutes to hours before the initial arrival of the shock waves triggered by the Tonga volcanic eruption,” Shinbori said. “This suggests that the propagation of the fast atmospheric waves in the ionosphere triggered the ionospheric disturbances before the initial arrival of the shock waves. Therefore, the model needs to be revised to account for these fast atmospheric waves in the ionosphere.”
This has important implications. It suggests that the long-held model of geosphere-atmosphere-cosmosphere coupling needs updating. The model says that ionospheric disturbances should only happen after the eruption. In addition, it now appears that the EPBs related to the eruption extended far beyond what people expect. “Previous studies have shown that the formation of plasma bubbles at such high altitudes is a rare occurrence, making this a very unusual phenomenon,” Shinbori said.
“We found that the EPB formed by this eruption reached space even beyond the ionosphere, suggesting that we should pay attention to the connection between the ionosphere and the cosmosphere when an extreme natural phenomenon, such as the Tonga event, occurs.”
Huge eruptions like the Tonga event, or space weather storms after coronal mass ejections offer new views of how our planet’s ionosphere reacts to such stressful occurrences. Essentially, a hole forms in the atmosphere. What would happen if such an event occurred during a space weather outburst? Shinbori suggests that disaster planners take them into account. “Such cases have not been incorporated into space weather forecast models,” he said. “This study will contribute to the prevention of satellite broadcasting and communication failures associated with ionospheric disturbances caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other events.”
Key to such planning is a better understanding of our ionosphere—which we depend on for communications. The ionosphere is a region of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It’s where solar radiation ionizes molecules and atoms. That creates positively charged ions. The area with the highest concentration of these ionized particles is called the F-region, an area 150 to 800 km above the Earth’s surface. This area of the atmosphere plays a crucial role in long-distance radio communication, reflecting and refracting radio waves used by satellite and GPS tracking systems back to the Earth’s surface. Strong solar storms can disrupt the F-region. It’s happened in the past, and will continue to do so, especially during times of maximum solar activity (called “solar max”.)
It could be doubly disastrous if a volcanic eruption, for example, affects the ionosphere the way the Tongan eruption did. Theoretically, the damage to communications could be severe. That’s why Professor Shinbori calls for the addition of volcanic eruption effects on space weather disaster planning.
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Japan Releases Fully Performing Female AI Robots
We all rely on technology for most of our daily tasks, but it really is a double-edged sword. On one hand, we have amazing tools that make life both easy and cool. But on the other hand, they’re trying to take our jobs! From newscasters to bartenders and even mecha pilots, here are 20 Robots That Compete With Humans!
Will Robots conquer Space?
WRC 2022 - China's largest robot exhibition | Robots and technologies at the exhibition in China
The World Robot Conference 2022 was held in Beijing. Due to the ongoing offline pandemic, only Chinese robotics companies were represented, and the rest of the world joined in the online format. But the Chinese booths were also, as always, a lot to see. We gathered for you all the most interesting things from the largest robot exhibition in one video!
0:00 Intro
0:30 Chinese robotics market
1:06 EX Robots
2:38 Dancing humanoid robot
3:37 Unitree Robotics
4:55 Underwater bionic robot
5:23 Bionic arm and anthropomorphic robot
5:43 Mobile two-wheeled robot
6:40 Industrial robots
7:04 Reconnaissance Robot
8:05 Logistics Solutions
9:31 Intelligent Platform
10:03 Robot++
10:41 Robots in Medicine
10:58 PCR tests with robots
11:16 Robotic surgical system
Creepy NASA robot snake could one day slither on alien worlds
Meet NASA's EELS (Exobiology Extant Life Surveyor), a new robot snake that could one day explore moons and planets. It can "autonomously map, traverse, and explore previously inaccessible destinations" on Earth and beyond, according to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Credit: NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Exploring Space with NASA Astronaut Victor Glover (Live from the Smithsonian)
Exploring Space with NASA Astronaut Victor Glover Live from the Smithsonian
12 Female Robots Stealing your Husbands Men and Jobs
These are the Top 12 Artificial Intelligent Humanoid Female Robots on Earth, from India, United States, China and Japan
Timecode
1:33 Vyommitra Robot India Space Research Organization
2:42 Harmony Sex Robot
3:44 Asuna Robot Japan
4:15 SAYA Robot Teacher Japan
5:21 Jia Jia Chinese Robot
5:51 Aiko Chihira Robot Japanese Robot
6:36 Erica Robot Japan Red Light District
7:29 Actroid Robot
8:23 Junko Chihira Robot Aqua City Odaiba
9:04 Chleo Robot Detroit Become a Human
9:56 Mark 1 Robot Scarlett Johannson
11:15 Grace Robot Covid 19 Humanoid Sophia Robot
12 Most Insane Giant Robots On Earth
Technology is advancing at the speed of light… Every day we hear about more and more things being handed over to robots, but you’ve got to wonder, are we ever going to see Transformers level robots in real life? We might already be there… from, Robots with giant personalities and literal walking beasts, to robots that are the real transformers … In this video, we’re going to be taking a closer look at 12 of the most insane, giant robots on Earth!
Google's AI Robot TERRIFIES Officials Before It Was Quickly Shut Down
Google's AI Robot Terrifies Officials Before It Was Quickly Shut Down. Google engineer Blake Lemoine began talking to LaMDA as part of his job to test if the artificial intelligence used discriminatory or hate speech. But what followed, let Lemoine’s jaw open.
An Astronaut Will Be Controlling Several Robots on Earth… from Space

The European Space Agency has been hosting a series of robotic teleoperation experiments where an astronaut abroad the ISS controls a robot back on the ground. We’ve previously reported on some of their successes. Now it’s time for the next round of experiments, with one individual astronaut on the ISS controlling four separate robots to perform a task back on Earth.
Performing work on Earth, which humans could easily do, might raise the question of why bother with robots at all. Quite simply, the Surface Avatar experiments, as they are known, are designed to serve as a proof of concept for operating a robot on the surface of a body that is not so friendly to humans. For example, the Lunar Gateway will theoretically begin operations around the Moon sometime this decade. Astronauts operating on the Gateway could then control robots down on the surface, performing operations like building landing pads and taking samples to be returned to Earth.
There are plenty of things for robotic explorers to do, many of which would be much faster with even a little bit of human oversight. Surface Avatar is meant to mimic those missions, including the delay operators would experience by attempting to operate the robots with up to an 800-millisecond delay.
That delay can be frustrating, especially when operating some of the more advanced robots in Surface Avatar’s lineup. The astronauts will be operating four different robots as part of the mission. Three are set up and ready to go at the German Space Operations Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. They include a lander with a robotic arm to load samples (think Mars Sample Return mission), a humanoid robot named Rollin’ Justin, who is meant to mimic the operations of a human on the surface, and a robot dog named Bert. A fourth robot, which doesn’t yet have a name, is under construction at another location in the Netherlands. It will be a rover with two robotic arms.
It’s not clear yet what each of these robots will have to do as part of the experiment, though assumedly Bert just looking cute might be enough to justify its design. The ambiguity is intentional, though, as ESA doesn’t want the astronauts to know beforehand what they will be working on, making it more similar to an actual mission where there wouldn’t necessarily be time to prepare much in advance.
Past iterations of Surface Avatar experiments have had some preparation time, though. Experiments like Haptics-1 and the Interact Centaur mission proved different concepts that would be helpful for teleoperation, such as haptic feedback on joysticks and the possibility of placing objects in specific locations. Even some of the robots planned for the current mission have been tested in previous rounds – such as Justin and Bert. However, this is the first time all four will be controlled simultaneously.

To help with that control, ESA researchers have a 7-degree-of-freedom joystick with force feedback meant to mimic gravity and the effect of pushing on objects. It should allow astronauts to control all four robots to the full extent of their capability.
They won’t have much time to prepare, even with their limited knowledge of the controls and the experiment’s goals. An unnamed astronaut currently residing on the space station will start performing some of the tasks for the Surface Avatar experiments sometime this summer. Another astronaut who has completed some of the previous Surface Avatar experiments, Andreas Mogensen, will help complete the work in early 2024 when he returns to the ISS. Both experiments will serve as another step for humans into the broader coordination with robots that will be a core part of our solar system exploration.
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VIDEO: Mysterious UFO Sightings Over Neoules, France Stirs Curiosity: A Mesmerizing Encounter with the Unknown
VIDEO: Mysterious UFO Sightings Over Neoules, France Stirs Curiosity: A Mesmerizing Encounter with the Unknown

In the quaint, picturesque town of Neoules, France, an astonishing event unfolded on the evening of May 20, 2023. Residents, returning home from a regular day, were greeted not by the usual night sky teeming with stars but by a display of unexplainable and mesmerizing lights, undoubtedly marking one of the most intriguing local UFO sightings in recent times.
The weather had been dreary for about a week, with a thick blanket of clouds hanging low in the sky. The normally vibrant starry vista had taken on a more somber tone due to the gloomy conditions, making the sudden appearance of nine glowing orbs all the more noticeable.
These UFOs, described as orange-red balls, caught the eyes of the unsuspecting witnesses. Silent and resolute, the balls moved across the sky in perfect synchrony, maintaining a straight path at a pace comparable to a leisurely human stride. An ethereal sight to behold, these unidentified objects traversed through a corridor approximately 5 meters wide.
The spectators watched in awe as this celestial parade lasted for about two to three minutes. There was no wind, no trailing lights behind the orbs, and most curiously, no noise. Just as the spectacle had begun, it ended; the orbs seemingly vanished, disappearing one by one into the clouds.
This unforgettable event sparked many theories and questions. Could these have been lanterns released into the sky? The town hall of La Crau confirmed no such activity. Was it perhaps a meteor shower or a pass of the Starlink satellites? Internet searches yielded no answers.
Fascinated and equally puzzled, the witnesses decided to delve deeper into the phenomenon. Video footage captured on a phone was meticulously analyzed in slow motion, revealing that the lights seemed to ascend, a detail not apparent to the naked eye. Further editing of the video to enhance contrast and brightness unveiled additional red dots previously unnoticed.
This captivating encounter with the unknown has added a new layer of mystery to the charming town of Neoules, as residents and UFO enthusiasts alike wonder about the origins and intent of these silent visitors.
While no concrete explanations have emerged yet, one thing is clear: The UFO sightings over Neoules have ignited imaginations and piqued interest in exploring the infinite possibilities the universe holds. Whatever the truth may be, it’s stories like these that continue to feed our curiosity about life beyond our tiny blue planet.
Astronomers Watched a Fast Radio Burst Go Right Through a Star’s Atmosphere The universe is filled with things that go flash in the night. That includes fast radio bursts (FRBs). These are brilliant, powerful blips of radio emissions from distant an

The Green Bank Telescope was able to observe the directional changes of waves from the fast radio burst FRB 20190520B as viewed through the lens of a massive star’s atmosphere.
Image credit: NSF/GBO/P.Vosteen.
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The universe is filled with things that go flash in the night. That includes fast radio bursts (FRBs). These are brilliant, powerful blips of radio emissions from distant and mysterious sources. Astronomers studying one called FRB 20190520B noticed something fascinating about its signals. They get polarized as they travel outward from the source.
So, what’s happening in the neighborhood of FRB 20190520B to polarize the light? It’s a good question and one that graduate student Reshma Anna-Thomas at West Virginia University and her team are working to answer. They’ve been observing this phenomenon using the Green Bank Telescope for nearly two years. Their goal: to characterize the rate of rotation of the object giving off the FRB. Instead, after months of observations they came away with a bit more. “We hoped to discover a high value of rotation measure, indicating an extreme magnetized plasma environment but surprisingly, we also found that it is highly variable and that the integrated magnetic field flips direction,” she said.
It turns out that the FRB source is in a binary system in the heart of a galaxy. The flipping magnetic field gives more clues about it the source’s interstellar environment.
What’s polarizing the FRB radio flashes as they travel outward from their source? Polarization indicates the presence of magnetic fields. According to WVU astronomer Sara Burke Spolaor, it’s the atmosphere of a massive star’s atmosphere. It acts like a lens held in front of the FRB binary. “The furiously undulating and streaming plasma wind from the massive star’s atmosphere provides an ever-changing magnetic field along our line of sight to the FRB source,” she explained. “Polarization happens when light waves fluctuate in a specific orientation, and magnetic fields can realign that orientation. This is how we were able to observe the light’s changing orientations.”
This set of observations provides the first detection of such a magnetic field reversal observed of signals from an FRB. It’s also the first time something like this has been seen in another galaxy. While the finding doesn’t solve the mystery of the FRB source, it gives a lot more insight into the neighborhood of the bursting pair.
FRB 20190520B was first observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) in China in 2019. Since then, the object has been tracked by FAST as well as through observations made using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in New Mexico. Astronomers then used the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to locate the host galaxy for the FRB source. It turns out to be a galaxy about four billion light-years away from us. The FRB lies in the heart of that galaxy, and its bright outbursts only last a few milliseconds.

Astronomers first discovered fast radio burst in 2007, and have recorded dozens of bursts since then. They’re often bright enough in radio emissions that they outshine all the stars in their galaxies. There are a number of repeating FRBs as well as “singular” events in the data.
Since the first one was discovered, astronomers observed more than a hundred others. More are sure to be found. But, hunting their sources down is a challenge. Typically, an FRB is only a few milliseconds up to three seconds long. The short duration of radio bursts makes them hard to track with follow-up observations in optical and other wavelengths. Without that information, it’s difficult to figure out exactly what kind of distant object is giving off the radio bursts.
Thanks to studies in polarized light, astronomers now know these FRBs come from objects associated with very strong magnetic fields. That seems to suggest that the sources could be young and highly magnetized neutron stars such as magnetars. Some suggest these flashes could be the result of collisions between neutron stars and/or black holes. However, more recent studies also point to binary sources with a neutron star as one-half of the pair.
FRB 20190520B is a persistent emitter, making it a repeating FRB. Further observations of its radio signals should help astronomers gain more insight into exactly what is doing the emitting there.
Aliens are real and they are hiding this deep within the Vatican's Closed Archives
Captivating Footage of Triangular UFO Spotted Over Mexico

In an intriguing development in the field of Ufology, a video has surfaced on social media capturing an unusual triangular-shaped unidentified flying object (possible TR-3B) moving silently in the night skies over Mexico.
The footage was posted on Reddit, generating a flurry of comments and hypotheses, ranging from speculations about top-secret military aircraft to extraterrestrial spacecraft. The object appears to be a dark triangle with lights at each corner, exhibiting characteristics often reported in UFO sightings.
One of the key features of this sighting is the apparent silence of the object as it traverses the sky. Traditional aircraft, including most known stealth planes, produce a distinguishable sound. This silence led several observers to rule out conventional explanations, adding to the mystery surrounding this sighting.
Although some users suggested it could be a drone or a secret military aircraft, the consensus remained elusive. It’s this unknown nature that makes such sightings a focal point of curiosity and speculation for UFO enthusiasts and skeptics alike.
This latest sighting adds to the growing compendium of unexplained aerial phenomena and continues to fuel discussions on the existence of extraterrestrial life and advanced technology. While the video does not provide definitive proof of anything beyond our current understanding, it certainly serves as an engaging topic for the curious and the open-minded.
As always, we encourage viewers to approach such sightings with a healthy mix of skepticism and openness. The investigation into the unidentified continues, and this sighting over Mexico, silent and striking, adds another fascinating piece to the ever-evolving puzzle that is UFO research.
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UFO Spurs 12-Hour Closure at Gaziantep Airport in Turkey

In the wee hours of the night, something unusual unfolded over Gaziantep, Turkey. An unidentified object hovering in the airspace near Gaziantep Airport forced the grounding of all flights, creating a whirlwind of uncertainty and excitement that lasted for nearly half a day. This fascinating episode marks one of the most recent and prominent incidents involving Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), a subject increasingly receiving attention worldwide.
Gaziantep Airport, located near one of the prominent holiday destinations in Turkey, came to a sudden and unexpected halt following reports of an unidentified object appearing on the radar of two commercial airplanes. With the strange object detected at approximately 9,000 feet, or 2,743 meters, air traffic control had no option but to ground flights until they could discern what was happening.
The intrigue didn’t end there. The mysterious object wasn’t just visible on aircraft radar systems but was also independently confirmed by air traffic controllers at Gaziantep. The fact that the UAP was detected from multiple sources adds a layer of credibility to the incident that is often absent in many such reports.
The fallout from the incident was immediate and substantial. All incoming flights destined for Gaziantep were diverted to Şanlıurfa and Adana Airports. Throughout the course of the night, a total of 26 flights, comprising of 13 departures and 13 arrivals, were grounded at Gaziantep Airport.
Airports utilize a system called NOTAM (Notice to Airmen) to provide timely warnings about potential hazards, works, services, or methods that could affect flight operations. In this situation, Gaziantep Airport State Airports Authority (DHMI) did not immediately release a NOTAM, promising an official statement in the coming hours. This created a tense atmosphere as hundreds of passengers found themselves in an indefinite holding pattern.
After 12 grueling hours of waiting and assessing the situation, operations at Gaziantep Airport resumed. The authorities determined that the risk of collision with the mysterious object, which had stirred panic and curiosity, had passed.
This incident occurred amidst a growing global interest in UAP. As governments worldwide acknowledge the existence of UAP, leading experts are exploring the potential origins and implications of these phenomena. Just hours before the Gaziantep incident, Dr. Garry Nolan, a U.S. Government advisor and a respected professor at Stanford University School of Medicine, made a revelation at an international conference in New York. He claimed that the U.S. has retrieved wreckage from crashed UFOs and even attempted to reverse-engineer these unknown crafts. Dr. Nolan expressed his confidence that extraterrestrial intelligence has not only visited Earth but has been here for a long time.
While Gaziantep is not the most frequented airport for British travelers due to its close proximity to the Syrian border, this incident has undoubtedly captured the attention of the millions who visit Turkey each year. As these unidentified aerial phenomena continue to create intrigue, incidents like the one at Gaziantep Airport become crucial in unfolding the growing narrative surrounding UAP. The quest for understanding these unknown objects in our skies continues, turning every such event into an essential piece of a larger, still-unsolved puzzle.
Stanford Top Scientist Had Three Alien-UFO Encounters, Said He Saw Grey E.T.sStanford Professor Dr. Gary Nolan has recently been interviewed by The Debrief, hosted by Chrissy Newton where he talked about various topics: from his field of work to UAPs. He has been one of the faces of UFO phenomena after his research on the brains of contactees. However, there is more hidden information Dr. Nolan has shared in his recent interviews that provides a new perspective in looking at the UFO reality, which is more than just flying alien crafts.
Dr. Nolan, an immunologist at Stanford, is the author of more than 300 research articles and the holder of 40 patents in the United States. In addition to this, he has been recognized by Stanford University as one of the top 25 inventors in the institution’s history. Therefore, his participation in UFOlogy would bring some factual things to the field of study.
During his 90-minute interview (check the video below) with Chrissy Newton, he discussed his thoughts on the UAP topic going political along with his work on finding physical evidence of an area in the brain where an individual’s intuitive capabilities could potentially be located. Interestingly, Dr. Nolan began by sharing his personal alien-UFO encounter at an early age. He recalled interacting with phenomena three times in his life.
[His first interaction] “Well, it was at a house that my parents had first bought when after we moved here to the States. It was basically little guys in the bedroom and I remember calling out to my brother. I didn’t understand how it could be like two or three of him and then faces in the window and things like that. I mean other than just memories of them being in the room and being a little scared… it wasn’t until actually almost 30 years later that I found out from my brother that he had also seen things.”
[His second interaction] “At our second house, I was a paper boy and going between one house and another. Early in the morning, I saw something over my head. I mean it was not just like Far Over My Head it was like 30-40 feet just at the top of the trees. I can’t say that it was exactly saucer-shaped because all I saw really were the lights and kind of a vague outline against the sky. Because the lights were so bright um and but it was I didn’t know what it was I mean I saw it go over um it was silent. I mean at best it could have been a balloon but I don’t know any balloons that are traveling at tree height.”
[His third interaction] “I was a graduate student here at Stanford. I was in a used bookstore and buying science fiction books. I came across two books one was by John Mack and the other was by Whitley Strieber. I remember just seeing the cover and realizing that was a face that I had seen when I was a kid looking through the window or in the bedroom. The thing about the window, it was like six or seven feet off the ground. There was something very tall hovering. I remember just all the hair on my body stood on end when I saw it and I dropped the book because it was like how does this guy know what I saw. I knew nothing about the whole UFO Arena. I mean I read science fiction but I’d never read about alien abductions or any of that kind of stuff.”
Next, Newton discusses the work he has done researching the basal ganglia and caudate putamen regions of the brain, and he eventually gets into the conversation on the highly functioning breeding group of humans [based on objective evidence of highly dense neural connections within those particular regions]. Those areas of the brain are involved in motor control, planning, intuition, anticipation, and downstream executive function.
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This is the “brain within the brain” responsible for higher-order processing. Humans with enhanced connections in these regions have highly advanced forms of intuition and can prepare the body for events before it happens. The work he has done involves case studies on military personnel (and others), who have encountered UAPs, and collecting raw data using physical brain scans of those individuals.
The density of the above-mentioned regions in those individuals (savants, highly trained, CEOs of companies, etc) was overdeveloped compared to normal. The feature is present in 1/100 or 1/200 individuals. He stated the chances are astronomically small that two people with these enhanced features randomly come together, and in these cases, they have formed breeding pairs of individuals with these enhanced brain features. He states that over time (within 100,000 years), this would develop into a different race of humans.
Later on in the conversation, he makes a reference to the CIA’s remote viewing program, which was headed up by Dr. Hal Puthoff, and explains that the goal of the study was for individuals to concentrate on the “remote view” signal rather than the overlay that their brains put onto the signal. The results of his MRIs show that he has these areas of his brain that are elevated. A highly-skilled meditator may be able to tune out all of the background “noise” in order to concentrate solely on the “signal.”
The studies done 60 years later have confirmed the findings of an individual who “intuited” the true function of the caudate putamen. Dr. Nolan says that everyone within the relevant government knows “something” (ET/Interdimensional etc.) is here. The beings here are placeholders/interaction icons, basically biological androids (he said this in a prior interview as well), designed to interact with humans and shape humanity by another external intelligence.
The problem is that the phenomenon seems to be many distinct things rather than just extraterrestrial beings, as opposed to being more complicated than just that. He gives the illustration that there could be eight distinct groups that do not necessarily agree with one another, with some of these groups considering humans to be a resource while others consider us to be something that needs to be protected. Someone at a high level in the military is either using the UAP technology and attempting to comprehend it, or they are scared that if the rest of the world has it, it would diminish their own authority.
Dr. Nolan stated in another interview with Event Horizon that Life may have started elsewhere and came here according to some models. He gives examples of atoms of elements present here that actually originated from explosions of other stars/meteorites etc. He states that life in the universe may be based on DNA if the theory of panspermia is correct.
[Interestingly, he is stating this because the verified CIA individual John Ramirez claimed several months ago in an interview that we are related to the ETs and are a result of a genetic manipulation. Luis Elizondo (the official CIA head of the UAP program, currently the contractor for the actual US Space Force) has indicated this thought in his interviews as well, and this ties into his comment that from their understanding, we are part of “mankinds” in plural, multiple forms of humanity present either here, extratemporally (time travelers), or in the cosmos].
On August 21, 2022, Dr. Nolan had an interview with Ross Coulthart on the Australian channel 7News, where he discussed his role in working with the government on analyzing and studying individuals that encountered UFOs. According to Nolan, there is a group of people that were involved in recovering UFO debris for secret government programs, and these individuals will soon be coming forward to reveal what they know. (Source)
Nobel Prize nominee Professor Garry Nolan stated he “knows” there has been an “active cover-up” by authorities. He said: “I’ve spoken to the people who are about to come out and whistle-blow on it.” Coulthart noted that the Department of Defense (DoD) has recently announced the creation of a new office dedicated to studying Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) or UFOs, and that an analysis will be conducted starting from 1947 onwards – the date of Roswell.
“When you say that the government has been involved in a coverup, do you think they’ve been hiding it all this time?” Coulthart asked. “Oh yes. I know it’s a fact because I’ve spoken to important people who are about to come out and whistleblow on it,” Nolan replied. “And there has been an active coverup. Just look at what the Department of Defense (DoD) recently announced. They announced an office to study the phenomenon. Putting money aside, they say they will start the study from 1947.”
“Which is incredible. That’s the date of Roswell,” Coulthart said. “Yes, 1947. And we want a list of every operation they did to misinform and misinform the public,” Nolan added. He stated that there are individuals who were involved in the retrieval of UFO debris, and subsequent secret government programs would soon come forward to reveal what they know, putting an end to one of the biggest cover-ups in modern history.
In addition to this, Jim Semivan, a former CIA officer, made a surprising comment in which he said, “there’s a whole other reality that surrounds us that we just simply don’t have the ability to observe or connect with.” He fiercely said that non-human intelligence is living with humans on Earth. “There’s an entity out there! There’s some kind of non-human intelligence that’s living with us on this F**KING planet,” Semivan said.
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Rock that punched hole in New Jersey house confirmed to be 4.6 billion-year-old meteoriteA metallic-looking rock that smashed through the roof of a residential home in New Jersey's Hopewell Township earlier this week is indeed a meteorite — a rare one about 4.6 billion years old, scientists confirmed on Thursday (May 11).
"It was obvious right away from looking at it that it was a meteorite in a class called stony chondrite," Nathan Magee, chair of the physics department at The College of New Jersey (TCNJ), whose office was contacted by the Hopewell Township police soon after the rock was found on Monday (May 8), told Space.com.
Chondrites are primitive rocks that make up 85% of meteorites found on Earth. Most chondrites found to date have been discovered in Antarctica; only rarely does one crash in populated areas.
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The New Jersey rock, which is about 6 inches long by 4 inches wide (15 by 10 centimeters), is a notable exception. It slammed into the Hopewell Township house, dented the floorboard, punched two holes in the ceiling and was still warm when it was discovered by Suzy Kop in her father's bedroom around noon on Monday.
"I'm looking up on the ceiling and there's these two holes, and I'm like, 'What in the world has happened here?'" Kop told 6 ABC's Trish Hartman.
Once emergency responders cleared Kop, her family and their home of any harmful radioactive residues, Kop handed over the space rock to the nearby college for further inspection.
At TCNJ, Magee's team consulted Jerry Delaney, a retired meteorite expert who had worked on the meteorite collection at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. The team confirmed the space rock to be about 4.56 billion years old, which means it has been around since the beginning of our solar system and represents the leftover fragments from its creation.
The 2.2-pound (0.9 kilograms) meteorite, which will likely be named Titusville, NJ — the postal address closest to its landing site — is "in excellent condition, and one of a very small number of similar witnessed chondrite falls known to science," Magee said in a statement on Thursday.
The top layer of the meteorite has a blackened crust a few millimeters thick from partially burning up in Earth's atmosphere. Using a hand lens designed to look at rocks closely, his team found that the meteroite's minerals are blue and gray in color, with a small amount of other metals mixed in, Magee told Space.com.
The team studied the rock's texture and composition by placing it inside a large chamber of a scanning electron microscope. Based on initial estimates, the meteorite is a chondrite of class LL-6, which has less iron than other members of its family and is at least 30 to 40% denser than the most common rocks on Earth, like slate or granite.
"So it was clear it was not an Earth rock," Magee told Space.com.
Even before the space rock had breached Earth's atmosphere, it was exposed to a lot of heat in outer space that had heavily altered its structure and composition, so much so that it is difficult to easily distinguish individual grains or chondrules that make up the meteorite, scientists shared in Thursday's update.
Stanford Top Scientist Claims ‘100%’ Aliens Are On Earth; He Himself Saw Grey E.T.sWhat is the probability that the extraterrestrial intelligence has visited Earth? 100%. That’s what the renowned Stanford Professor Gary Nolan claimed in an interview with Alex Klokus during the SALT New York Conference. Dr. Nolan is known for his bold statements on the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) and has been sharing breathtaking information on the subject.
Dr. Nolan has given the most controversial interview of the decade. A person whose credibility cannot be questioned says that ETs have been here for a long time and that they are still on Earth. He further said: “…People talk about the wow signal, looking for extraterrestrial intelligence. Wow! Signal is that people see it on an almost regular basis. That’s the communication that’s already here.”
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NASA considers the Wow! Signal the best candidate radio signal for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). It was detected in the middle of the 20th century. However, one astronomer suggests that it may be a one-time broadcast, similar to the Arecibo message sent in 1974. Another recent signal, dubbed BLC-1, was detected by a team from Pennsylvania State University during a decade-long search for alien broadcasts. NASA’s recent investigation into UFO/UAP phenomena suggests that they could also be dealing with something unexplained.
Dr. Nolan, an immunologist at Stanford has published over 300 research articles and is the holder of 40 US patents. Besides, he has been honored as one of the top 25 inventors at Stanford University. So, his involvement in UFOlogy would bring some factful things to the field.
Klokus asked him: “If you had to assign a probability to that statement that you believe extraterrestrial intelligence has visited this planet, what probability would you assign?” Dr. Nolan replied without hesitation: “One hundred percent.”
He points out that the National Defense [Authorization] Act passed last year included the establishment of an unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Office (AARO). This office, currently staffed by 25 people, aims to collect information from various intelligence offices within the US Department of Defense and present it to Congress in a uniform format for the first time.
Additionally, he mentions that 12 US Senators have signed a document expressing their desire for information on this topic. Dr. Nolan highlights the creation of a whistleblowers’ program that allows individuals involved in reverse engineering programs to share classified information with Congress. He also refers to a recent event that caused controversy in Washington, further suggesting ongoing interest and investigation into the presence of extraterrestrial intelligence on Earth.
He suggests that what is crashing are likely drones or advanced AI rather than living beings. “An analogy can be drawn to studying a tribe of cannibals in the Amazon. Would you personally venture into the tribe and risk becoming their meal?” says Dr. Nolan. He points out that we already deal with alien intelligence in our technology, such as emails and AI systems like ChatGPT, and wonders how one would have a dialogue with a million-year advanced intelligence.
Dr. Nolan said: “I think it is an advanced form of intelligence, something that we don’t understand, that is using some kind of intermediaries. You’re not going to end up in the middle of the tribe, the angry monkeys that are flinging muck at each other or nuclear bombs. You’re not going to show yourself in the middle of the ambulance. You’re going to send intermediaries.”
During his interview with Tucker Carlson, Dr. Nolan said “Grey entities” are perhaps intermediaries but not actually living creatures from another planet. He gained information from the inside intelligent community that “most of what we think we’re seeing are avatars, biological robots that are basically put there to be the minions, if you will.”
He further stated:
“It is a hypothesis to me. If I were going to another place, or if I were going to study a native tribe of, let’s say, cannibals, maybe I wouldn’t show up in the middle of their village so that I don’t inadvertently become dinner.
Right, so you would send an intermediary first. But I’ve used this example […] of the ants as well, let’s say that there were a race of intelligent ants at the bottom of your garden. How do you tell them about Instagram? Right, how do you talk with them? How do you interact with them? You would probably make something that looked almost like an ant, and you’d put it down there.
But then how are you going to interact with them? Well, with pheromones, that’s how they talk. But you do something else. Right, you’re speaking about whatever it is you talk about at the dinner table. But to translate down to their terms, you would have to use some sort of an intermediary.”
The example of humans using intermediaries to communicate with ants that Dr. Nolan mentions is a common one among planetary species. In abduction cases, there are reports of a “praying mantis-like” being leading the hierarchy, who just observes procedures from a distance without communicating with humans.
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Additionally, during his 90-minute interview with Chrissy Newton, Dr. Nolan shared his personal alien-UFO encounter at an early age. He recounts three separate instances of unexplained encounters he experienced during his life.
It includes seeing multiple small figures (Grey-looking) in a room and faces in the window at his childhood home, a silent object with bright lights hovering over trees during his paperboy route, and recognizing a face from a UFO encounter while browsing books in a used bookstore. He was initially scared in the first instance and felt an eerie connection with the third experience.
Further in the interview with Alex Klokus, Dr. Nolan discussed the downed craft and alleged material that he has been testing that perhaps is being used for the reverse-engineering program. He suggests that the discovery of the potential of a small grain of silicon, specifically Germanium doped with the right elements, in the 1950s or 1960s had a profound impact on our culture and world. This led to the development of multiple advanced sensor systems that tracked UFOs that can travel from 50 feet above the water to 14 miles in less than a second.
When asked if physical material for analysis exists, Dr. Nolan confirms its presence and shares an incident where he almost gained access to one of these objects before it was taken away by those who opposed it.
While the US government does not explicitly confirm the presence of extraterrestrial life, their careful statements imply that these objects possess capabilities beyond what is known and are not of Russian or Chinese origin, says Dr. Nolan. The physics behind such high-speed maneuvers challenges our current understanding.
He mentions the USS Nimitz incident in 2004, where multiple sensor systems tracked objects displaying extraordinary maneuvers. He believes that such phenomena require a rethinking of our understanding of physics.
Dr. Nolan mentions conversations with physicists from defense corporations who propose tweaks to general relativity to explain the observed phenomena. However, he acknowledges that the energy required for such maneuvers exceeds the planet’s entire nuclear output in a day. Obtaining even a fraction of the knowledge from these advanced objects could revolutionize our understanding and capabilities.
In regard to his interview at SALT New York Conference, he posted a comment on Reddit, saying
“I guess I am surprised anything I said is surprising to anyone. People have been talking about the entire matter for decades. Ross Coulthart and George Knapp have been talking about it on their shows as well as many others. Richard Dolan has written entire books about it. Conferences are held on it at UAP dedicated conferences.
It was probably news to many in the audience if they’ve ignored it on Netflix documentaries or otherwise not part of the echo chamber. We’ll have to see if Congress decides to bring more information forward or context things in a way that is significant. I personally doubt that if any public scientist gets access to the materials it will see the light of day before much study and MAYBE a publication indirectly referencing it. I’d like to hope and advocate otherwise. In the meantime, Avi Loeb’s Galileo project is a best of class approach.”
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Remember Those Impossibly Massive Galaxies? They May Be Even More Massive

The first image taken by the James Webb Space Telescope, featuring the galaxy cluster SMACS 0723.
Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, and STScI
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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was designed to probe the mysteries of the Universe, not the least of which is what the first galaxies looked like. These galaxies formed during the Epoch of Reionization (aka. “Cosmic Dawn”), which lasted from about 100 to 500 million years after the Big Bang. By observing these galaxies and comparing them to ones that see closer to our own today, astronomers hope to test the laws of physics on the grandest of scales and what role (if any) Dark Matter and Dark Energy have played.
Unfortunately, early into its campaign, the JWST detected galaxies from this period so massive that they were inconsistent with our understanding of how the Universe formed. The most widely-accepted theory for how this all fits together is known as the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) cosmological model, which best describes the structure and evolution of the Universe. According to the latest results from the Cosmic Dawn Center, these galaxies may be even more massive than previously thought, further challenging our understanding of the cosmos.
The research team was led by the Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) and included researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen, the European Southern Observatory (ESO), the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (KIPAC) at Stanford University, and astronomers and astrophysicists from the Université de Genève, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Colorado, and UC Santa Cruz. The paper that describes their findings appeared in the May 10th issue of The Astronomical Journal.

Among the first images shared by the JWST was the breathtaking view of the SMACS 0723 galaxy cluster known as Webb’s First Deep Field (shown above). This image was acquired by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) and provided a detailed look at how the galaxies in this cluster appeared 4.6 billion years ago. In addition, the image was filled with gravitational lenses that allowed astronomers to get a closer look at more distant objects, including the most distant galaxy ever seen (GL-z13, now known as GLz-12) and several “Green Pea” galaxies dated to the early Universe.
The only problem is that Webb noticed more galaxies than was anticipated in this period, and some were more massive than what was thought possible. According to the LCDM model, there simply wasn’t enough time since the Big Bang for so many galaxies to have formed or become so massive. This led to all kinds of claims, including the notion that the Big Bang model was wrong, a highly-questionable claim made by proponents of the Steady State Hypothesis. While these findings did not throw our entire cosmological understanding into disarray, they nonetheless beggared an explanation.
To clarify Webb‘s earlier observations, a Ph.D. student at the Cosmic Dawn Center (Clara Giménez Arteaga) and colleagues analyzed the data further. In their paper, they describe how they observed five galaxies in the SMACS 0723 Deep Field with redshifts (z) of 5 to 9, which appear to us as they would have roughly 12.7 to 13.2 billion years ago. Based on their analysis, the team hypothesizes that what we’re seeing at work here is an effect that could mean these galaxies are even larger than they appear. As Arteaga explained in an NBI press release:
“We used the standard procedure to calculate stellar masses from the images that James Webb has taken, but on a pixel-by-pixel basis rather than looking at the whole galaxy. In principle, one might expect the results to be the same: Adding the light from all pixels and finding the total stellar mass, versus calculating the mass of each pixel and adding all individual stellar masses. But they’re not.”

The stellar mass of the five galaxies, showing mass inferred using the two different methods.
Credit: Giménez-Arteaga et al. (2023), Peter Laursen (Cosmic Dawn Center).
Ordinarily, astronomers calculate the stellar mass of galaxies by measuring the amount of light emitted, then inferring the population necessary for this amount. However, upon viewing the sample of five galaxies closer, Arteaga and her team found that if the galaxies were considered as an entity made up of multiple stellar groupings (instead of one big mass), the picture would change drastically. Based on this alternative method, they found that the inferred stellar masses of these five galaxies would be up to ten times greater.
The team then compared the mass of the five galaxies using the two methods and found that the values were always much higher by analyzing them pixel-for-pixel (instead of the inferred brightness approach). As for why this is the case, Arteaga and her team believe it has to do with the composition of galaxies, which is far from singular:
“Stellar populations are a mixture of small and faint stars on one hand, and bright, massive stars on the other hand. If we just look at the combined light, the bright stars will tend to completely outshine the faint stars, leaving them unnoticed. Our analysis shows that bright, star-forming clumps may dominate the total light, but the bulk of the mass is found in smaller stars.”
Proper resolution is very important for accurately estimating stellar mass, one of the main properties through which astronomers characterize galaxies. While this is relatively easy for galaxies that are relatively close to the Milky Way, it remains a challenge for far more distant ones. While the effect Arteaga and her colleagues emphasized has been noted before, it has only been with galaxies as they appear in later epochs of cosmic history. Thanks to Webb’s superior resolution, this is the first time it has been applied to the most distant galaxies.

Unfortunately, even Webb is limited when it comes to observing galaxies that existed around 13 billion years ago when the Universe was barely 1 billion years old. The next step, therefore, will be to look for signatures that correlate to the true mass of these galaxies that do not require high-resolution imaging. As Arteaga summarized:
“Other studies at much later epochs have also found this discrepancy. If we can determine how common and severe the effect is at earlier epochs, and quantify it, we will be closer to inferring robust stellar masses of distant galaxies, which is one of the main current challenges of studying galaxies in the early Universe.”
Further Reading:
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2 VIDEOS! 4 stationary UFOs filmed over Santiago de Chile 16-May-2023

Have you ever had the thrilling yet chilling experience of a UFO sighting? Whether a believer or skeptic, the recent sighting in Santiago de Chile is sure to captivate your curiosity. On May 16, 2023, at precisely 10:00 PM, an enigmatic spectacle unfolded in the skies over Quinta Normal, turning a normal evening into a night of intrigue.
Two independent witnesses managed to capture this baffling event on video, and these footages have since gone viral, casting a spotlight on UFO sightings and stirring heated debates among online communities worldwide. These videos, which we have included below for your viewing pleasure, show four stationary lights mysteriously hovering in the sky, an image that’s hard to shake off or dismiss as a mere optical illusion.
The Santiago UFO sightings, as they’ve now come to be known, present a fascinating phenomenon. The four stationary lights hung in the sky, seemingly defying the laws of physics and conventional explanations. What makes these sightings particularly intriguing is the consistency in the reports from two separate witnesses – a rarity in UFO sightings that adds a layer of credibility to the event. Both encounters are available in the Youtube video bellow.
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An Astronomical First! A Radiation Belt Seen Outside the Solar System

Artist’s impression of an aurora and the surrounding radiation belt of the ultracool dwarf LSR J1835+3259.
Credit: Chuck Carter/Melodie Kao/Heising-Simons Foundation)
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In 1958, the first satellites launched by the United States (Explorer 1 and 3) detected a massive radiation belt around planet Earth. This confirmed something that many scientists suspected before the Space Age began: that energetic particles emanating from the Sun (solar wind) were captured and held around the planet by Earth’s magnetosphere. This region was named the Van Allen Belt in honor of University of Iowa professor James Van Allen who led the research effort. As robotic missions explored more of the Solar System, scientists discovered similar radiation belts around Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Given the boom in extrasolar planet research, scientists have eagerly awaited the day when a Van Allen Belt would be discovered around an exoplanet. Thanks to a team of astronomers led by the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), that day may have arrived! Using the global High Sensitivity Array (HSA), the team obtained images of persistent, intense radio emissions from an ultracool dwarf star. These revealed the presence of a cloud of high-energy particles forming a massive radiation belt similar to what scientists have observed around Jupiter.
The research was led by Ph.D. student Melodie M. Kao, a Heising-Simons 51 Pegasi b Fellow at UCSC and a former NASA Hubble Fellow with the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University (SESE-ASU), and NRAO researcher Amy J. Mioduszewski. They were joined by Jackie Villadsen & Evgenya L. Shkolnil, two astrophysicists from Bucknell University and SESE-ASU, respectively. Their findings appeared in a recent paper, “Resolved imaging confirms a radiation belt around an ultracool dwarf,” published in Nature.
Strong magnetic fields form a double-lobed bubble around a planet (called a magnetosphere) that can trap and accelerate particles to near the speed of light. To generate one, a planet’s interior must have temperatures high enough to maintain electrically conducting fluids. In Earth’s case, the core region is comprised of a solid inner core and a molten outer core (both composed of iron-nickel), the latter of which revolves in the opposite direction as Earth’s rotation. In the case of Jupiter and Saturn, electrical conduction is caused by a layer of metallic hydrogen rotating in the interior.
These magnetospheres can capture high-energy particles, leading to large donut-shaped radiation belts. In Earth’s case (as noted already), these particles consist of electrons, protons, and alpha particles released by the Sun’s corona. In Jupiter’s case, these particles result from volcanic activity on its moon Io, which can spew magma and gas particles hundreds of kilometers into space. Astronomers have also speculated that stars and brown dwarfs might have magnetic fields that result from ionized or metallic hydrogen in their interiors.
In the hopes of learning more about radiation belts and their relationship with planetary magnetic fields, Kao and her team selected LSR J1835+3259, a dwarf object that straddles the boundary between low-mass stars (M-type red dwarfs) and massive brown dwarfs. This was the only object Kao and her colleagues were confident would yield the high-quality data needed to resolve its radiation belts. They observed this object using the HSA’s network of 39 radio dishes, including the NRAO’s Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and Very Large Array (VLA), the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), and the 100-m\eter Radio Effelsberg Telescope, and subsets thereof.
The combined power of these radio antennas allowed the team to capture high-resolution images of the LSR J1835+3259 radiation belt, which allowed them to infer the presence and strength of the object’s magnetic field. As Kao explained in a UCSC News release, this represents a first for astronomers: “We are actually imaging the magnetosphere of our target by observing the radio-emitting plasma—its radiation belt—in the magnetosphere. That has never been done before for something the size of a gas giant planet outside of our solar system.”

What they observed, as noted, was similar in shape to what had been previously observed with Jupiter – a double-lobed radiation belt. However, the belt surrounding LSR J1835+3259 was ten times brighter than Jupiter’s, implying a magnetic field of incredible intensity! This represents a first for astronomers and opens the door to many new opportunities. Said Kao:
“Now that we’ve established that this particular kind of steady-state, low-level radio emission traces radiation belts in the large-scale magnetic fields of these objects, when we see that kind of emission from brown dwarfs—and eventually from gas giant exoplanets—we can more confidently say they probably have a big magnetic field, even if our telescope isn’t big enough to see the shape of it.”
Using numerical models and a theoretical understanding of how brown dwarf systems work, planetary scientists can predict the shape of a planet’s magnetic field. Before these observations, astronomers did not have an effective means of testing these predictions. Moreover, the images Kao and her team obtained were the first of an object outside our Solar System capable of differentiating between its aurorae and radiation belts. These findings, said Kao, reaffirm that while the process by which planets form may be different, they can still share some key characteristics:
“While the formation of stars and planets can be different, the physics inside of them can be very similar in that mushy part of the mass continuum connecting low-mass stars to brown dwarfs and gas giant planets. Auroras can be used to measure the strength of the magnetic field, but not the shape. We designed this experiment to showcase a method for assessing the shapes of magnetic fields on brown dwarfs and eventually exoplanets.”
The strength and shape of the magnetic field can also be an important factor in determining a planet’s habitability. By deflecting energetic particles, Earth’s magnetosphere has prevented our atmosphere from being slowly stripped away by solar wind. This is what took place on Mars, which lost its magnetic field after geological activity largely ceased in its interior about 4 billion years ago. Given their importance to maintaining a stable climate, exoplanet researchers look forward to the day when they can visualize planetary magnetic fields.
This research also showcases the capabilities of modern instruments and partnerships, where observatories worldwide can contribute to the study of faint and distant objects that are otherwise difficult to resolve. Looking ahead, Kao and her colleagues hope to use the Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA), a major NRAO project currently under development. This array operates at frequencies of 1.2 to 116 gigahertz (GHz) – ultra-high to extremely-high frequency (UHF to EHF) – in the microwave spectrum and has sensitivity and spatial resolution a full order of magnitude higher than Jansky VLA and ALMA at the same wavelengths.
This instrument will allow astronomers to image many more extrasolar radiation belts. Evgenya Shkolnik, a professor of astrophysics at SESE-ASU and a co-author on the study, has been studying magnetic fields and planetary habitability for many years. As she related, studying dwarf objects like LSR J1835+3259 could lead to more detailed studies of radiation belts and magnetic fields around rocky exoplanets. “This is a critical first step in finding many more such objects and honing our skills to search for smaller and smaller magnetospheres, eventually enabling us to study those of potentially habitable, Earth-size planets,” she said.
Further Reading:
Triangular UFO filmed near Mount Puig Campana, Spain
Was it UFOs over LA in 1942? Dive into the Enigmatic Battle of Los Angeles

During the early hours of February 25, 1942, the city of Los Angeles, California, was startled from its slumber by a cacophony of air-raid sirens. The city was ordered to plunge into darkness as everyone prepared for an impending attack. Searchlights nervously danced across the sky, scanning for enemy aircraft. The city, still jolted by the recent attack on Pearl Harbor, was on high alert for any potential threats. That night, a fascinating and enigmatic incident known as the Battle of Los Angeles unfolded. This incident remains a topic of intrigue and speculation even today, over eight decades later.
Despite the ominous start to the day, it was not enemy forces that aroused such commotion. Instead, it was a single unidentified object in the sky, which suddenly found itself in the spotlight – quite literally. The Battle of Los Angeles had started, with the city’s anti-aircraft defenses launching a barrage against this enigmatic entity. The sky was painted with fire, smoke, and shrapnel, creating a spectacle that was equal parts terrifying and bewildering.
In the ensuing chaos, people scrambled from their homes, drawn by the eerie symphony of sirens, the bursts of artillery, and the frantic ballet of searchlights. They caught glimpses of a sky turned battlefield. Yet, amidst all the mayhem, there was a glaring absence – there was no sight of any downed aircraft, no debris, no evidence of an enemy invasion. The only fallout was from the city’s own anti-aircraft fire, which led to several accidental casualties and damages.
The strange encounter, lasting a few chaotic hours, was followed by an all-clear signal, and the city was bathed in sunlight again. But questions remained. What were the city’s defenses shooting at? Were they engaged in a battle with an enemy that left no trace, or was it a case of misidentification?
The speculation around the event was not merely confined to the jittery citizens of wartime Los Angeles. Over time, as the incident started fading into history, it gained a new lease of life in the annals of UFO lore. The Battle of Los Angeles has become one of the most popular and enduring incidents of suspected extraterrestrial activity. The object over LA in 1942 is one of the 701 unexplained sightings out of 12,000 documented in Project Blue Book, the U.S. Air Force’s program to investigate UFOs, which ran from 1952 to 1969.
A famous photograph from that night has often been presented as evidence of a UFO. The photograph, originally published by the Los Angeles Times, shows searchlights converging on an object in the sky. But the photo was enhanced for publication, which calls its authenticity into question. Furthermore, the negative of the original photograph has gone missing, adding another layer of mystery to the incident.
There were several other theories proposed to explain the events of that night. One such explanation points to a weather balloon launched just before the sightings. The balloon could have been caught in the searchlights, creating an illusion of an unidentified flying object. This theory, though plausible, does not satisfactorily explain the various other sightings of planes and bombers reported that night.
Fast forward to the present day, the Battle of Los Angeles remains an enigma. For some, it’s a case of wartime jitters leading to overreaction. For others, it’s a compelling incident of extraterrestrial visitation. What is clear, however, is that the Battle of Los Angeles continues to be an irresistible story of suspense and speculation, a puzzle that history is yet to solve.
Today, as we strive to uncover the mysteries of our universe, we might find the answer to what really transpired on that fateful night in Los Angeles, February 1942. Until then, the Battle of Los Angeles, in all its enigmatic glory, will continue to enthral and captivate the imaginations of generations to come.
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Ex-US Army Claimed Over 100 E.T. Civilizations Have Visited Earth, One Looks Like HumansBy Vicky Verma
The presence of non-human intelligence on Earth has long been debated by UFO enthusiasts as some claim that the US government is hiding the truth from the general public. Many officials who worked within the government have supported these claims on/off camera. Moreover, if Robert O. Dean’s claims about UFOs and extraterrestrials are true, then they have the potential to turn the world upside down.
Robert O. Dean, a former US Army Command Sergeant Major, revealed shocking information regarding extraterrestrial visitation. Drawing upon his experiences and knowledge from his time in the military, Major Dean shared intriguing details about various extraterrestrial groups and their interaction with humanity. His revelations indicate that the reality of extraterrestrial life extends far beyond what we previously imagined.
His credibility cannot be questioned as he worked at NATO headquarter from 1963 to 1967. He claimed to have come across the 1964 report called “An Assessment,” the NATO military study that acknowledged and analyzed the implications of the alien presence on Earth. After his military career, he revealed this information at the Roswell 50th anniversary celebration.
During his lecture on UFOs at Leeds University, Major Dean said that authorities were aware of the presence of four distinct extraterrestrial groups during his active service. However, by the time he retired, this knowledge expanded exponentially. He claimed that the United States military, and likely the British military as well, were aware of at least 12 different groups involved in interactions with Earth.
Former US military retired Major Robert Dean. Image in public domainAstonishingly, he mentioned hearing from trusted sources that there may be well over a hundred different alien groups coming and going from unknown origins. Such a revelation challenged the conventional understanding of alien visitation and suggested a complex interplay between Earth and various extraterrestrial civilizations.
Of the four alien main groups, one particular group caught the attention of high-ranking military officials in 1964 and 1967. This group resembled humans to such an extent that they could seamlessly blend into society, sitting beside people on airplanes, in restaurants, or even in theaters without arousing suspicion.
The uncanny resemblance troubled military leaders profoundly, as their natural paranoia led them to question the possibility of alien intelligence freely navigating the corridors of power, such as SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe) headquarters or even the Pentagon. The notion that these beings could potentially infiltrate the White House triggered a mix of nervous laughter and concern among the military personnel present.
However, Major Dean emphasized that the resemblance between these extraterrestrial beings and humans should be interpreted differently. He proposed that it was humanity who shared a likeness with these advanced beings, suggesting a profound connection between the two. He hinted that there existed a compelling reason for this similarity, which he regrettably did not elaborate on during the lecture.
Moreover, Major Dean revealed that extraterrestrial visitation extended far beyond simple interplanetary interaction. The military, scientists, and planners learned that we were dealing with beings from interstellar and even intergalactic origins. Surprisingly, these advanced non-human intellgence exhibited multi-dimensional characteristics, which enabled them to manipulate both matter and time. The repeated demonstrations of these mind-bending capabilities were intended to capture humanity’s attention and challenge our understanding of the universe.
He emphasized that these alien visitors were not merely curious explorers from other planets, but were deeply interested in humanity itself. Their multi-dimensional nature and mastery over time and matter presented a mind-boggling challenge to traditional Newtonian and Einsteinian physics.
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Major Dean expressed that only theoretical physicists, particularly those specializing in quantum physics, were equipped to begin comprehending the intricacies of multi-dimensional visitation. He acknowledged the ongoing collaboration between quantum physicists in the United States and Great Britain, suggesting that they were at the forefront of unraveling this enigma.
As Major Dean admitted, he is not a physicist or scientist, making it difficult for him to explain the intricacies of dimensions. He said:
“I’m not a physicist, I’m not a scientist. I can’t begin to tell you what a dimension is, for that matter. I’m told we live in three, and that’s quite a simple world that we have around us. I’m told that time and space is the fourth.
Theoretical physicists have told me that there are as many as ten different dimensions. I cannot, for a moment, grasp what that means. I do, however, accept that it’s probably real. The evidence that I have seen over my last 40 years has told me that this is not fantasy, this is not science fiction, this is all real. And, ladies and gentlemen, this reality, when it becomes known and when it makes an impact upon our world, is going to change our world forever. You talk about a paradigm shift, that’s an understatement. The old world we have known for so long is literally coming to an end, and it’s just around the corner.”
During the Barcelona Exopolitics Summit, on July 25, 2009, Mr. Dean released a set of amazing images. He also explained the Apollo missions and what the astronauts encountered unlike anyone before. He released to the public a set of fascinating images supposedly captured by the astronauts of the Apollo 12 mission, including an image showing some mysterious spacecraft several hundred feet in diameter.
In his 41 years of federal service to the United States, Mr. Dean heard a lot of bizarre things, but the thing that the human race is a hybrid race stunned him. He said: “I’ve learned that we are not merely alone; we have never been alone. We have had an intimate interrelationship with advanced extraterrestrial intelligence from the beginning of our history. And let me tell you that that intimate interrelationship is still going on.”
He continued: “This one race, in particular, apparently reengineered us as a species about 200,000 years ago. What we are here today is what we call homo sapien sapiens — you’re an engineered creature. Your genetics have been manipulated. You’re not the same as what you were and you are not the same as to what your children and grandchildren and great-grandchildren will be in the next hundred years.” (Click here to read the full story)
Major Dean, a prominent figure in the field of UFOlogy, made significant contributions and was recognized with three-lifetime achievement awards. He enjoyed widespread support on the Internet, with many believing in his legitimacy. Sadly, Mr. Dean passed away on October 11, 2018, at the age of 89 in Tucson, Arizona.
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Karla Turner Claimed She Found Evidence That Aliens Are Manipulating Human RealityKarla Turner was one of the few alien abductees who found a respectable position in UFOlogy after she had made some strong claims about alien abductions. Her extensive research into the subject revealed that aliens manipulate perception, control consciousness, cause unexplained illnesses and mental decline, and engage in gruesome activities in underground facilities. Her findings highlight the alarming physical, psychological, and spiritual consequences faced by abductees, raising questions about the true nature and intentions of these extraterrestrial encounters.
Dr. Turner was an intrepid human rights activist and alien abduction investigator. With the background in Old English Studies and a former college instructor, she authored three books on the abduction phenomenon: Into the Fringe (1992), Taken (1994), and Masquerade of Angels (1994), co-written with psychic Ted Rice. Her work raised important questions about the true nature and intentions of these extraterrestrial encounters.
Dr. Turner had been involved in studying alien abductions since 1988. In her books “Into the Fringe” and “Taken,” she shared her abduction experiences and the stories of other abductees, highlighting the disturbing nature of these events. In “Masquerade of Angels,” she recounted the experiences of Ted Rice, who initially believed the aliens to be benevolent but later realized their predatory nature. One particular account involved Rice as an 8-year-old boy, witnessing his deceased grandfather transforming into a reptoid and demanding intimacy with him, resulting in the death of his grandmother shortly afterward.
Dr. Turner lost her battle with breast cancer in 1996 and only after that, her work was published where she described her family’s firsthand encounters. In her work, she also suggested that the abducted are targeted individuals and not chosen randomly. She was convinced the military targeted abductees in response to the reports people had made.
In one of her interviews, Dr. Turner explained how she became involved in the field. Initially, her family had no knowledge of the phenomenon until they began experiencing UFO sightings and abduction encounters. Dissatisfied with the available UFO literature, she took it upon herself to conduct research and find trustworthy answers. She started by documenting her family’s experiences in her book “Into the Fringe,” which chronicles their awakening and coping process. Eventually, she worked with Barbara Bartholic, Tulsa OK-based UFO/abduction researcher on her case and began working with her on other cases.
It was discovered that abductions were transgenerational in her husband’s family, with accounts dating back to the early 1900s. Turner and her family members, including her son, brother, sister-in-law, and their children, had all had experiences related to abductions. Some family members were initially hesitant to discuss their encounters until they learned about Turner’s experiences. Hypnosis was used in their research, although it has been controversial, with some researchers suggesting that it can lead to false memories. Turner’s opinion on these issues is not stated in the given excerpt.
In her book named “Taken,” she discussed the idea that some prominent abduction theorists state should be avoided — do not think of aliens as good and evil. Turner claimed that “this cannot be done, nor should it be.” She continued that those who had been abducted have the right to know how their “participation” would be used by their abductors, under what circumstances and what reason would the abducted be “made a part of this agenda” since they have been “implanted, trained, and programmed to participate in some future scenario.” Don’t abductees have the right to know for what purpose “our minds, bodies, and souls will be used?”
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Dr. Turner’s main concerns regarding alien abductions were the aliens’ cruelty towards abductees, both physically and mentally. Victims experienced traumatic events such as forced impregnation, painful miscarriages, and severe injuries. Turner believed that the aliens had complete control over the minds of humans, using psychic technology to manipulate their perceptions and memories.
She disagreed with those who saw the phenomenon as positive, arguing that understanding it was beyond our capability. She questioned the purpose behind the aliens’ agenda and expressed her belief that some alien groups, particularly reptoids, consumed human bodies for emotional or soul vibrations. She speculated that cloned bodies lacked those qualities and wondered if hybrid beings were created as a food source for the reptoids.
Before her death, she frequently spoke at UFO conferences in the United States and other countries, urging people to take action. She claimed that aliens were manipulating our perceptions and spreading disinformation to weaken us and deceive us into thinking they cared about us, when in reality, their intentions were self-serving and disregarded our well-being. Turner emphasized the need to regain control over the situation and confront these aliens. Dr. Turner discovered these seven basic elements of the alien abduction phenomenon published by John Chambers in the UFO Magazine:
1. Aliens can control what we think we see. They can appear to us in any number of guises and shapes;
2. Aliens can take us – our consciousness – out of our physical bodies, disable our control of our bodies, install one of their own entities, and use our bodies as vehicles for their own activities before returning our consciousness to our bodies;
3. Aliens can be present with us in an invisible state and can make themselves only partially visible;
4. A surprising number of abductees suffer from serious illnesses they didn’t have before their encounters. These have led to surgery, debilitation, and even death from causes the doctors can’t identify;
5. Some abductees experience a degeneration of their mental, social and spiritual well-being. Excessive behavior frequently erupts, such as drug abuse, alcoholism, overeating and promiscuity. Strange obsessions develop and cause the disruption of normal life and the destruction of personal relationships;
6. Some abductees report being taken to underground facilities where they see grotesque hybrid creatures, nurseries of hybrid humanoid fetuses, and vats of colored liquid filled with parts of human bodies;
7. Abductees report seeing other humans in these facilities being drained of blood, being mutilated, flayed, and dismembered, and being stacked, lifeless, like cords of wood. Some abductees have been threatened that they, too, will end up in this condition if they don’t cooperate with their alien captors.
Interviewer: Abductees tell stories of seeing beings–angelic Nordics, for example–and then, when they concentrate and try to focus on their memories of those beings, they disappear, and behind them are these “lizard people.”
KT: I am not familiar with a number of cases. I have heard other researchers talk about the same thing. In one case that I recount in “Into the Fringe,” James had mostly conscious recollections and almost no hypnosis. He remembered being drawn into the proximity of a beautiful “Pleiadian” woman, who was very alluring and tender, and almost seductive. She wanted him to come into her embrace. When he got into the embrace, and thought she was going to kiss him, she disappeared entirely, and what was left in her place was a purplish-black, bumpy, almost slimy-looking character with fairly asymmetrical features.
I have encountered this same type of creature in a couple of other cases. The entity was very strong. Instead of embracing James, the creature threw him down on the ground and shoved a two-foot-long tube down his throat, into his stomach, and pulled up stomach juices. The next day, he still had some of the bile taste, the interior of his throat was sore, and he discovered claw marks around both sides of his neck, where he had been held down. Whatever the entity was, there was something claw-like about it (which, of course, matches reptilians). Maybe, as close as he was to it, he could not perceive the whole figure. But he could see a bumpy covering, which could equate to the rough, scaly exterior sometimes reported to be reptilian. It is described as bumpy, ridged, bony, strong, clawed.
CF: Apparently these beings have the ability to project different images.
KT: Some people say that they transform–that they mutate or change their own real forms. I don’t accept that as accurate. I don’t believe they really look like a blond, and they do something to trick you and then they suddenly look like a reptilian. I think that what they alter is human perception. They certainly can project false images–just as Ted’s [Ted Rice’s] grandmother was shown her dead husband, so that she would consent to have a sexual encounter. Ted’s grandfather had been dead for six years. And in the middle of having the encounter with what she thought was her restored husband, the image disappeared–I suppose because the aliens wanted to get the “emotional juice” from her–and she saw a “reptoid” on top of her.