Credit Nasa

COULD THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN THE ICE ON ONE OF SATURN'S MOONS BE PROOF OF ALIENS?

Enceladus has been imagined a possible candidate for hosting extraterrestrial life since we knew the frozen orb, made of water ice, existed—but does that mean something is living in it?

There is a chance Saturn’s glacial moon might host life. Not that we even know how high that chance is (or if just the thought of it comes from watching too much Star Trek), but the new kinds of organic compounds recently discovered in the plumes of water that gush from the moon’s icy crust are the ingredients of amino acids. This is kind of a big deal because amino acids are the basic components of life on Earth. If the same goes for other moons and planets, that could be telling us something.

"We don't yet know if amino acids are needed for life beyond Earth, but finding the molecules that form amino acids is an important piece of the puzzle," said research lead Nozair Khawaja, whose team published their findings in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

It was data from the Cassini mission in which Kawaja’s team found evidence of amino acids. Using Cassini’s Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA), they found ice grains that had been spewed from Enceladus in Saturn’s E ring. The scientists believe that the organic material first dissolved in the subsurface ocean of Enceladus that evaporated once it reached the water’s surface right below the ice. It then condensed and re-froze onto grains in the cracks of the ice before a water plume shot into space.

"This work shows that Enceladus' ocean has reactive building blocks in abundance, and it's another green light in the investigation of the habitability of Enceladus," co-author Frank Postberg explained about the study, which follows last year’s discovery of complex organic molecules that were larger and insoluble in water.

When we finally get an amphibious spacecraft to drill through the ice and dive into Enceladus, it will most likely search for the same kinds of hydrothermal vents found on our planet’s ocean floor. The hot water that bursts from these vents provides energy to fuel reactions which produce amino acids. If such vents are found on the floor of Enceladus’ ocean, the exact same thing could be going on. Or not. Only an investigation via spacecraft could tell us that for sure.

"If the conditions are right, these molecules coming from the deep ocean of Enceladus could be on the same reaction pathway as we see here on Earth," Khawaja said.

While NASA is definitely sending a lander to Titan to explore its liquid methane, Enceladus remains a contender for a future mission. Until then, you can always imagine something with three heads and eighteen tentacles swimming through those waters.

• (via NASA)

{ https://www.syfy.com/ }

Pyramid Found On Mars In Newest NASA Photos, Yet NASA Does Not Report Finding It! UFO Sighting News.

Source photo: 

• http://www.gigapan.com/gigapans/217914

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Zelfs Elon Musk weet niet of buitenaards leven bestaat: “Ik heb nog geen enkel teken gezien” - HLN.be

Bron: Live Science

Afgelopen weekend verzamelden pers, werknemers en andere gasten in de private lanceerbasis Boca Chica (Texas) van SpaceX. Op de planning? Een uiteenzetting van de toekomstplannen van Spacex, in het bijzonder de plannen met de rode planeet. Het commerciële ruimtevaartbedrijf wil immers mensen naar mars sturen, een unicum.

Lees ook

“Ufo’s met aliens? Ultrageheime projecten van grootmachten, ja”

Praten over mars zonder buitenaards leven te vermelden? Dat blijkt onmogelijk. Al snel ging het over buitenaardse wezens tijdens de bijeenkomst. “Mensen vragen me vaak wat ik weet over aliens”, aldus Musk. Omdat hij een ruimtevaartbedrijf heeft, zouden velen vermoeden dat Elon Musk weet heeft van buitenaards leven. Hij zou volgens hen op zijn minst weten wat er gaande is op de geheime en streng beveiligde militaire basis Area 51. “Ik ben er inderdaad vrij zeker van dat ik het zou weten als er aliens waren. Maar ik zeg je, ik heb nog geen enkel teken van buitenaards leven gezien.”

Area 51

Ook is hij duidelijk over Area 51. “Waarom zou het leger de aliens verbergen op Area 51?”, vroeg hij zichzelf luidop af. “De snelste manier om het defensiebudget te verhogen, is door te vertellen dat ze aliens gevonden hebben!”

Bekijk ook de presentatie van het ruimteschip dat gebruikt zal worden voor de reis naar mars: 

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

The 'cosmic web' that stretches through the universe and gives birth to new galaxies and black holes is mapped for the first time

• The network of gas is thought to produce new galaxies when streams cross
• The 'cosmic web' is gigantic and spreads more than 3m light years across
• Researchers said it presents a new theory of galaxy formation  

By SAM BLANCHARD FOR MAILONLINE

Faint glowing wisps of space gas in the universe have given scientists a glimpse of how galaxies could be formed.

The gigantic network of gases, which stretches at least three million light years across and further than the scientists could see, form a 'cosmic web'.

When these streams of gas cross paths, the researchers believe, dense accumulations of matter form new galaxies and black holes.

Scientists used a simulator to produce a map of how the gas looks, with galaxies scattered throughout it as bright white dots

Cosmological simulations predict that more than 60 per cent of the hydrogen created during the Big Bang is distributed as long filaments. 

And the gases stretch all through the universe.

Scientists had originally thought galaxies formed spontaneously then clustered in certain areas. 

But they now suggest the clusters of matter could exist first – within the gas streams – and then develop into galaxies.

The findings were revealed in a paper by the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and the University of Tokyo.  

Dr Hideki Umehata said: 'The presence of such intense radiation suggests very strongly that gas falling along the filaments under the force of gravity triggers the formation of many starbursting galaxies and supermassive black holes, ultimately giving the universe the structure that we see today.

'Previous observations have shown similar emission from blobs of gas extending beyond galaxies.

'But now we have been able to clearly show that these filaments stretch to much larger distances, going even beyond the edge of the field that we viewed.

'This adds credence to the idea that these filaments are actually powering the intense activity that we see in galaxies within large structures assembling in the early universe.'

The researchers revealed pictures of how the gases look as they thread galaxies together - some of the galaxies are physically connected to, or made from, the gases (seen right, the coloured dots in the blue clouds)

Using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope, Dr Umehata and colleagues detected and mapped the light emitted by hydrogen irradiated by a group of galaxies.

The results show the gas is arranged into long filaments, or strands, providing fuel for intense formation of stars and for the growth of supermassive black holes. 

According to the study published in the journal Science, the detected filaments contained a significant reservoir of gas, which will help to fuel the continued growth of galaxies in this region.

Computer simulations, such as those carried out by Durham's Institute for Computational Cosmology (ICC), indicate that the cosmic web forms the scaffolding of the cosmos, providing the framework for galaxies and clusters to form and evolve.

Co-author of the research, Professor Michele Fumagalli, at Durham University, said: 'It is very exciting to clearly see for the first time multiple and extended filaments of gas connecting galaxies in the early universe.

'We finally have a way to map this cosmic web directly, and to understand in detail its role in regulating the formation of supermassive black holes and galaxies.'

Calvin Sykes, a PhD student in the ICC who contributed to the study, said: 'These observations represent a very important step in validating our theory of the assembly of galaxies, adding a key piece of the puzzle.' 

Read more:

• Science | AAAS

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Milky Way's centre exploded 3.5 million years ago

A cataclysmic energy flare ripped through our galaxy, the Milky Way, about 3.5 million years ago, a team of astronomers say.

The so-called Seyfert flare started near the supermassive black hole in the centre of the galaxy, they add.

The impact was felt 200,000 light-years away.

The discovery that the Milky Way's centre was more dynamic than previously thought can lead to a complete reinterpretation of its evolution.

• Milky Way galaxy is warped and twisted, not flat

"These results dramatically change our understanding of the Milky Way," says co-author Magda Guglielmo from the University of Sydney, Australia.

"We always thought about our galaxy as an inactive galaxy, with a not so bright centre," she added.

The flare created two enormous "ionisation cones" that sliced through the Milky Way and left its imprint on the Magellanic Stream. This is a long trail of gas that extends from nearby dwarf galaxies called the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.

The stream lies at an average of 200,000 light-years from the Milky Way.

The Australian-US research team says the explosion was too big to have been triggered by anything other than nuclear activity associated with the supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy.

Known as Sagittarius A*, or Sgr A* - this colossus is more than four million times the mass of our Sun. This assessment needs further work but the conclusion seems inescapable, the researchers say.

"The flare must have been a bit like a lighthouse beam," explained team leader Prof Bland-Hawthorn, who is also at the University of Sydney. "Imagine darkness, and then someone switches on a lighthouse beacon for a brief period of time."

The research, which used the Hubble Space Telescope, will be published in the Astrophysical Journal.

More stories like this:

• 'Book of the heavens' takes shape
• Exact colour of Milky Way found
• Telescope spots galactic 'mega-merger'

{ https://www.bbc.com/news }

Area 51 is known for many things: (A) the secret testing of highly-classified aircraft at the height of the Cold War; (B) the claims of Bob Lazar of alien spacecraft supposedly held at an off-shoot of the top secret facility called S-4; (C) the ridiculous, recent “storming of Area 51″ saga that even got the mainstream media interested; and (D) much more of a conspiratorial and out of this world nature – allegedly, of course. There’s something else too, that you may not have heard of. Namely, a weird incident that occurred  back in the 1970s and that was focused on Area 51 and NASA. It all revolves around three astronauts and NASA’s craft Skylab. NASA states of Skylab:

“Skylab was hailed as a ‘bold concept’ by Rocco Petrone, who served as director of launch operations at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida before becoming director of the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., during 1973 and 1974. The program demanded innovation and ingenuity, said Petrone in Skylab, Our First Space Station, a NASA report published in 1977. ‘Experience and knowledge gained from earlier space programs provided a solid foundation on which to build, but the Skylab Program was truly making new pathways in the sky.’ The project began as the Apollo Applications Program in 1968 with an objective to develop science-based human space missions using hardware originally developed for the effort to land astronauts on the moon. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979.”

It was on April 19, 1974 that trouble started brewing. On that day, the then-Director of the CIA, William Colby, received a communication from one of his colleagues, an unknown figure who wanted to discuss a certain “issue.” Colby was told that: “The issue arises from the fact that the recent Skylab mission inadvertently photographed” Area 51. Colby was additionally informed that: “There were specific instructions not to do this.”

Dwayne A. Day, of The Space Review, and who personally broke the story in 2006, said: “In other words, the CIA considered no other spot on Earth to be as sensitive as Groom Lake, and the astronauts had just taken a picture of it.” Uh-oh. Not good. Those astronauts were Edward Gibson, Gerald Carr and William Pogue. Both Pogue and Carr had military backgrounds and Gibson had a doctorate in engineering physics. Day said of their actions: “Why the Skylab astronauts disobeyed their orders and took the photo is unknown, as are what it depicted.”

Director Colby’s informant told him: “This photo has been going through an interagency reviewing process aimed at a decision on how it should be handled. There is no agreement DoD elements (USAF, NRO, JCS, ISA) all believe it should be withheld from public release. NASA, and to a large degree State, has taken the position that it should be released – that is, allowed into the Sioux National Repository and let nature take its course.” Colby was also advised that: “There are some complicated precedents which, in fairness, should be reviewed before a final decision.” There was, Colby was told, “a question of whether anything photographed in the United States can be classified if the platform is unclassified; such complex issues in the UN concerning United States policies toward imagery from space” and “the question of whether the photograph can be withheld without leaking.”

In terms of the outcome, Dwayne A. Day said: “Nothing more is known of this Skylab incident than the fact that the photograph was not released. NASA and the State Department clearly lost the argument. But the opponents of releasing it preserved national security, as they defined it.” None of this, however, explains, why Area 51 was photographed – something that most assuredly got the CIA into a state of concern.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Saturn’s icy moon Enceladus is spitting up organic compounds that could be essential for the building blocks of life. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft discovered that in one of Saturn’s rings there were compounds of nitrogen and oxygen that came from the south pole of the planet’s sixth largest moon.

Because of hydrothermal activity, ice grains are ejected from plumes located on the moon’s south pole which formed one of Saturn’s outermost rings. These nitrogen and oxygen compounds are incredibly important, as they are used on Earth to create amino acids which are essential in the development of living organisms.

Nozair Khawaja, who is a geoscientist at the Free University of Berlin, along with his colleagues, studied the information that was gathered by the Cassini spacecraft. They analyzed the data collected from the “Cosmic Dust Analyzer” on the spacecraft which gathered mass spectrometer readings of the organic compositions that were discovered in the ice grains.

After the team of scientists found molecules floating on the surface of the moon’s ocean last year, they conducted more extensive research and found that the compounds were also dissolved in the water.

The compounds are believed to have been initially dissolved in the moon’s ocean prior to being evaporated from the surface of the water and ended up being condensed onto the ice grains. At that point, it is believed that erupting plumes on the moon threw the ice grains into space and that’s when they gathered in one of Saturn’s outermost rings. Saturn’s E-ring is approximately 186,000 miles wide and contains small water ice particles. While it is believed that some worlds contain liquid water oceans beneath their frozen surfaces, Enceladus is the only one that actually throws its water into space.

Dr. Khawaja explained, “If the conditions are right, these molecules coming from the deep ocean of Enceladus could be on the same reaction pathway as we see here on Earth,” adding, “We don’t know yet if amino acids are needed for life beyond Earth, but finding the molecules that form amino acids is an important piece of the puzzle.”

Enceladus

Frank Postberg, who is a planetary scientist and was also a co-author of the paper that was published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (which can be read in full here), weighed in by saying, “This work shows that Enceladus’ ocean has reactive building blocks in abundance, and it’s another green light in the investigation of the habitability of Enceladus.”

While at first glance, Enceladus wouldn’t seem as if anything could live on the moon, but with this new discovery of organic compounds, it is certainly a candidate for the possibility of alien life. This is definitely an interesting step forward in finding out if there could possibly be life beyond our planet.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Just last year, three videos were released which showed a 45-foot long tic-tac shaped object with incredible speed flying through the skies off the coast of California. The object revealed itself to Navy pilots off and on during a two-week period in November of 2004. The U.S.S. Nimitz aircraft carrier, as well as the support ships, such as the U.S.S. Princeton, all witnessed the bizarre and unexplained craft in the sky with it even being picked up on their sophisticated radar equipment.

Since that time, Cmdr. David Fravor has become a well-known name, as he was the Navy fighter pilot who engaged with the tic-tac shaped craft that was seen in the now famous UFO videos. Fravor has done several interviews since the videos were released, with one article quoting him saying, “I have never seen anything in my life that has the performance, the acceleration. Keep in mind this thing had no wings,” adding, “It’s moving around, left, right, forward, back. The radar starts being jammed. All of a sudden it takes off.”

Fravor was piloting an F/A-18F Super Hornet

Just days ago, Fravor did an interview with the Joe Rogan show where he went into new details and revelations about the 2004 UFO incident. He started off by mentioning that his F/A-18F Super Hornet was carrying dummy loads instead of live missiles because they were scheduled to participate in a training mission.

He then said that the pilots were unable to get a lock on the UFO with their radar because whoever (or whatever) was controlling the tic-tac shaped craft was blocking the radar systems. This is incredible, as the U.S. Navy has one of the newest, best, and most sophisticated radar systems in the world and for something to block their systems is absolutely fascinating.

Another very interesting fact that Fravor mentioned was that the investigations conducted by the military and the government are still ongoing as he has been to Washington several times already this year for confidential meetings with “high ranking government officials”.

Probably the most startling revelation was that another Navy pilot encountered an unexplained “kind of dark mass coming up from the depths” of the water in a 1990s encounter. He explained, “He’s out picking up a torpedo, they hook the diver up on the winch, and as they’re lowering him down, he sees this big mass. He goes, ‘it’s not a submarine.’” He went on to say, “…This big object, kind of circular, is coming up from the depths and he starts screaming through the intercom system to tell them to pull the diver up, and the diver’s only a few feet from the water.” At that point, “the torpedo got sucked down underwater, and the object just descended back down into the depths. They never recovered it.”

Another surprising revelation was that he admitted that he and some other pilots would sometimes play pranks on people camping out in the wilderness in southern California by pretending to be UFOs in the night sky.

He described their prank by explaining, “We used to fly night vision goggles in Hornets a lot. And with night vision goggles you can see a campfire from like fifty miles away. We used to do it, the good spots were down in like El Centro, California. There’s some bombing ranges and people go camping in the Superstition Mountains…”

So they would fly around on goggles and sneak up on campsites, “And then you get the airplane going around 600 knots and then you pull the power back to idle so you can’t hear it,” he explained. He then added that when the planes would get close to the campsites, “…you pull the airplane into vertical and stroke the afterburners, let ‘em light off, you count to three and then you just go away. Instant UFO reporting.”

It’s good that these pilots have senses of humor, but I suppose it’s a little discouraging to those in southern California who have just finished reading this article and are now realizing that their “UFO encounter” might have just been Fravor and his colleagues playing pranks on unsuspecting campers.

The nearly two-hour interview can be watched in full here.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

20 New Moons Discovered around Saturn, Total of 82 Surpasses Jupiter's 79 Moons, Contest to Name Them

Move over Jupiter; Saturn is the new moon king.

A team led by Carnegie’s Scott S. Sheppard has found 20 new moons orbiting Saturn. This brings the ringed planet’s total number of moons to 82, surpassing Jupiter, which has 79. The discovery was announced Monday by the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center.

Each of the newly discovered moons is about five kilometers, or three miles, in diameter. Seventeen of them orbit the planet backwards, or in a retrograde direction, meaning their movement is opposite of the planet’s rotation around its axis. The other three moons orbit in the prograde—the same direction as Saturn rotates.

Two of the prograde moons are closer to the planet and take about two years to travel once around Saturn. The more-distant retrograde moons and one of the prograde moons each take more than three years to complete an orbit.

The discovery images for the newly found very distant prograde moon of Saturn. They were taken on the Subaru telescope with about one hour between each image. The background stars and galaxies do not move, while the newly discovered Saturnian moon, highlighted with an orange bar, shows motion between the two images.

 Photographs are courtesy of Scott Sheppard.

 

“Studying the orbits of these moons can reveal their origins, as well as information about the conditions surrounding Saturn at the time of its formation,” Sheppard explained.

The outer moons of Saturn appear to be grouped into three different clusters in terms of the inclinations of the angles at which they are orbiting around the planet. Two of the newly discovered prograde moons fit into a group of outer moons with inclinations of about 46 degrees called the Inuit group, as they are named after Inuit mythology. These moons may have once comprised a larger moon that was broken apart in the distant past. Likewise, the newly announced retrograde moons have similar inclinations to other previously known retrograde Saturnian moons, indicating that they are also likely fragments from a once-larger parent moon that was broken apart. These retrograde moons are in the Norse group, with names coming from Norse mythology. One of the newly discovered retrograde moons is the farthest known moon around Saturn.

“This kind of grouping of outer moons is also seen around Jupiter, indicating violent collisions occurred between moons in the Saturnian system or with outside objects such as passing asteroids or comets,” explained Sheppard.

The other newly found prograde moon has an inclination near 36 degrees, which is similar to the other known grouping of inner prograde moons around Saturn called the Gallic group. But this new moon orbits much farther away from Saturn than any of the other prograde moons, indicating it might have been pulled outwards over time or might not be associated with the more inner grouping of prograde moons.

If a significant amount of gas or dust were present when a larger moon broke apart and created these clusters of smaller moon fragments, there would have been strong frictional interactions between the smaller moons and the gas and dust, causing them to spiral into the planet.

“In the Solar System’s youth, the Sun was surrounded by a rotating disk of gas and dust from which the planets were born. It is believed that a similar gas-and-dust disk surrounded Saturn during its formation,” Sheppard said. “The fact that these newly discovered moons were able to continue orbiting Saturn after their parent moons broke apart indicates that these collisions occurred after the planet-formation process was mostly complete and the disks were no longer a factor.”

An artist’s conception of the 20 newly discovered moons orbiting Saturn. These discoveries bring the planet’s total moon count to 82, surpassing Jupiter for the most in our Solar System. Studying these moons can reveal information about their formation and about the conditions around Saturn at the time. Illustration is courtesy of the Carnegie Institution for Science.

Saturn image is courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute. Starry background courtesy of Paolo Sartorio/Shutterstock.

The new moons were discovered using the Subaru telescope atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The observing team included Sheppard, David Jewitt of UCLA, and Jan Kleyna of the University of Hawaii.

“Using some of the largest telescopes in the world, we are now completing the inventory of small moons around the giant planets,” says Scott Sheppard. “They play a crucial role in helping us determine how our Solar System’s planets formed and evolved.”

Last year, Sheppard discovered 12 new moons orbiting Jupiter and Carnegie hosted an online contest to name five of them.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute.

“I was so thrilled with the amount of public engagement over the Jupiter moon-naming contest that we’ve decided to do another one to name these newly discovered Saturnian moons,” Sheppard said. “This time, the moons must be named after giants from Norse, Gallic, or Inuit mythology.”

Contest details are available here.

More details about Saturn’s moons are available here.

Contacts and sources:

• Carnegie Institution for Science

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

While the truth of the incredible Tic Tac UFO encounter of 2004 is increasingly being accepted even by the traditional established media and even (somewhat) the world of politics and government, very few people have dared to explore the implications of what it means.

Objects able to travel many thousands of miles per hour, easily outperform top military jets, leave no heat signature, and even read highly encrypted communications seemingly with ease -- these are seriously unexplained questions.

Let alone that all this happened in 2004. It's not enough that we throw up our hands and exclaim "unknown!" We know they are "unknown."

The question we need to start asking in the public forum is much more challenging: what (realistically) CAN these objects be?

And WHO (what?) is the group that is behind them? Is there is way realistically to explain this as human technology and science? Or not?

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Did A Massive UFO Fleet Appear Over Atlantic Ocean?

A new video posted on YouTube showed what appeared to be a massive UFO fleet flying over the North Atlantic Ocean. The objects within the alleged fleet appeared like bright orbs floating in the sky.

The video was taken by a YouTube user named William and was posted on Sept. 28. According to William, he was traveling by ferry from Ocracoke Village to Swan Quarters in North Carolina.

As the ferry was traversing through the water, William spotted several bizarre objects flying in the sky. As shown in the video, there were about 14 orb-like objects hovering over the ocean. They do not seem to be flying in a distinct pattern or formation.

As William noted, he saw the objects while the ferry was in the middle of the ocean. He pointed out that the boat was not near any land or water-based structure that could have caused the appearance of the glowing orbs.

UFO enthusiast Scott Waring of ET Data Base shared William’s video on his blog and claimed that the U.S. military has already clarified that it was not conducting any type of operation in the area when the orbs appeared.  Waring then assumed that the objects were part of a UFO fleet that was preparing to leave Earth.

“U.S. military has gone on record to deny any military flares or activity in the area, so that rules out the one and only possibility,” Waring wrote in a blog post. “This is a UFO fleet preparing to leave. When UFOs move from world to world or base to base, they often fly together.”

“These are from an underwater base about 5 [kilometers] below the ocean floor,” he continued. “Yes, directly below those UFOs is an alien base.”

Although the exact nature of the objects in Williams’ video is still unknown, they resemble the Starlink satellites launched by SpaceX in May. After launching, the 60 Starlink satellites moved across the sky like a “train of stars.” Due to the appearance of the satellites, hundreds of people thought they were part of a UFO fleet.

A photograph of a screen shows infra-red video of taken from a Mexican Air Force patrol aircraft of 7 bright objects flying over the eastern coastal state of Campeche on March 25, 2004. 

Photo: REUTERS

{ https://www.ibtimes.com/ }

Fleet Of UFOs Over North Atlantic Ocean. UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Sept 18, 2019

Location of sighting: North Carolina, USA

William was on a ferry traveling from Ocracoke Village to Swan Quarters North Carolina. The UFOs were recorded over North Atlantic Ocean.

US military has gone on record to deny any military flares or activity in the area, so that rules out the one and only possibility. This is a UFO fleet preparing to leave. When UFOs move from world to world or base to base, they often fly together. These are from an underwater base about 5km below the ocean floor. Yes, directly below those UFOs is an alien base. The fleet is waiting for each other as the water drips off each of the UFOs before they travel in space. The water can freeze and cause problems on the outer hull of the alien craft when flying at faster than light speeds. 

This is very similar to what I personally witnessed over my parking lot in Rapid City, SD back in 1989. But they flew away one by one...time between was perfect as they left. 
Scott C. Waring

{  https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

China Rover Found Evidence Of Alien Culture On Moon! UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Sept 2019
Location of discovery: Earths Moon
Source photo: 

• https://www.cnet.com/news/chinas-lunar-rover-examines-strange-substance-found-in-moon-crater/
  

This photo shows the crater in which the China rover found the gel substance...and as you can see, its not gel, but a side panel made of a metallic substance partially buried under the surface of the moon. This is 100% proof that aliens have been on the moon and the China rover has proven it. This doesn't look like a gel to me. They said its shiny...yes...because its a metallic sheet of metal clearly made by intelligent beings. Why is it buried? Perhaps the moon is just an alien space station and they covered its surface with dirt and rocks in order to protect its surface area and to disguise them from primitive cultures like our own. 
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Tic Tac UFO Seen Crossing Sky Over Illinois, On Oct 7, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

I just randomly looked up at the sky and then back down then I said to myself,”that’s not a plane” and looked back up and saw a bright white tic tac object traveling south that wasn’t making a sound so I took out my phone a snapped a live picture. As soon as I took the picture i tried to snap another but a tree was in the way, so I went out to the street to see if I could see it but it was gone.

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Archaeology Discoveries That Mainstream Historians Hope You NEVER Get To See

This presentation shows we do not know the whole truth about human origins.

{ http://earthmysterynews.com/ }

Scientists have found earliest signs of life on earth in “exceptionally preserved” 3.5 billion year old microbes which could start explain how life began

The discovery could also help researchers find proof of life on Mars - or other planets.

 by Jim Leffman

Scientists have found the earliest signs of life on earth in “exceptionally preserved” 3.5 billion year old microbes which could start to explain how it all began.

The discovery could also help researchers find proof of life on Mars – or other planets.

The astonishing find was made in some of Earth’s oldest rocks, called stromatolites – ancient bacterial formations in Western Australia.

The stones are found in an ancient geological anomaly called Dresser Formation.

While scientists have long believed the rocks contained evidence of prehistoric life since they were discovered in the 1980s, they haven’t been able to prove it until today.

Dr Raphael Baumgartner, a research associate of the Australian Centre for Astrobiology at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), said: “This is an exciting discovery – for the first time, we’re able to show the world that these stromatolites are definitive evidence for the earliest life on Earth.”

Professor Van Kranendonk, director of the Australian Centre for Astrobiology at UNSW who led the research, said the discovery is the closest the team have come to a “smoking gun” to prove the existence of such ancient life

He said: “This represents a major advance in our knowledge of these rocks, in the science of early life investigations generally, and – more specifically – in the search for life on Mars.

“We now have a new target and new methodology to search for ancient life traces.”

Dr Baumgartner added: “Understanding where life could have emerged is really important in order to understand our ancestry. And from there, it could help us understand where else life could have occurred – for example, where it was kick-started on other planets.”

Their study is published in the journal Geology.

Stromatolites in the Dresser Formation are usually sourced from the rock surface, and worn down so scientists had to drill further down into the rock.

Dr Baumgartner continued: “In this study, I spent a lot of time in the lab, using micro-analytical techniques to look very closely at the rock samples, to prove our theory once and for all.

“Looking at drill core samples allowed us to look at a perfect snapshot of ancient microbial life.”

He couldn’t contain his excitement when he realised he was onto the discovery of a lifetime.

He found that the stromatolites are essentially composed of pyrite – a mineral also known as ‘fool’s gold’ – that contains organic matter.

Dr Baumgartner said: “The organic matter that we found preserved within pyrite of the stromatolites is exciting – we’re looking at exceptionally preserved coherent filaments and strands that are typically remains of microbial biofilms.

“Such remains have never been observed before in the Dresser Formation, and that actually seeing the evidence down the microscope was incredibly exciting.

“I was pretty surprised – we never expected to find this level of evidence before I started this project. I remember the night at the electron microscope where I finally figured out that I was looking at biofilm remains.

“I think it was around 11pm when I had this ‘eureka’ moment, and I stayed until three or four o’clock in the morning, just imaging and imaging because I was so excited. I totally lost track of time.”

The new findings come just two years after another study which found evidence of the same rocks in hot springs in the same region – telling the researchers microbial life on land had existed 580 million years earlier than they previously thought.

Just last month, NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) scientists spent as week in the Pilbara with Martin Van Kranendonk for specialist training in identifying signs of life in these same ancient rocks.

It was the first time that Van Kranendonk shared the region’s insights with a dedicated team of Mars specialists – a group including the Heads of NASA and ESA Mars 2020 missions.

Professor Van Kranendonk said: “It is deeply satisfying that Australia’s ancient rocks and our scientific know-how is making such a significant contribution to our search for extra-terrestrial life and unlocking the secrets of Mars.”

 

{ https://www.thelondoneconomic.com/news/ }

Archaeologists claim 'Swiss Stonehenge' discovered under Lake Constance is a man-made Neolithic monument built 5,500 years ago

• The stones — or cairns — have been discovered as part of an ongoing research project at lake Constance  
• It involved a boat equipped with a digger designed to shift sediment around the vast rocks 
• Now researchers have preliminary claimed that they are up to 100 inches wide and 5,500 years old 
• Further analysis is needed in order to understand how the allegedly man-made rocks made it to their location

By JOE PINKSTONE FOR MAILONLINE 

Archaeologists claim that a range of mysterious man-made stones submerged beneath the surface of an European lake are 5,000 years old.

Local media reports that the so-called 'Swiss Stonehenge' sits 15feet down at the bottom of Lake Constance and is a Neolithic relic, with stones ranging in size up to around 100 inches wide.  

The man-made piles of stones were found on the Swiss side of the lake, a 207-square-mile body of water on the borders of Switzerland, Germany and Austria.

Each stone was located at regular intervals running completely parallel to the Swiss shoreline.

Scroll down for video 

Archaeologists claim that a range of mysterious man-made stones submerged beneath the surface of an European lake are 5,000 years old (pictured)

Local media reports that the so-called 'Swiss Stonehenge' (pictured) sits 15feet down at the bottom of Lake Constance and is a Neolithic relic, with stones ranging in size up to around 100 inches wide

A spokesman at the Archaeology Office of the Swiss Canton of Thurgau described the findings as 'sensational' after carrying out excavations of the lake bed.

A ship equipped with a digger with a 15-metre-long arm removed material alongside the stones to reveal them for study.  

Analysis of how they were placed shows they were put down by humans and not by nature, archaeologists claim.  

Using underwater georadar developed by the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany, the team of scientists managed to study the lake's sediment and stone deposits in search of the origin and purpose of the formations.

The Archaeology Office wrote: 'With high-frequency electromagnetic pulses, the hidden layer of the lake bed in the vicinity of the stone structures was recorded.'

'It is obvious that the stones of up to 40 centimetres in size rest on the post-glacial, banded lake deposits and clearly above the underlying upper edge of the moraine [a glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris].

'Thus, it is now scientifically proven that the cairns did not originate naturally from the glacier, but were piled up by human hands.'

The man-made piles of stones were found on the Swiss side of Lake Constance, a 207-square-mile lake on the borders of Switzerland, Germany and Austria and work is ongoing to learn more about them 

Each stone was located at regular intervals running completely parallel to the Swiss shoreline at a depth of about 15 feet

Analysis of how the rocks (pictured) were placed shows they were placed there by humans and not by nature, archaeologists claim

A spokesman at the Archaeology Office of the Swiss Canton of Thurgau described the findings as 'sensational' after carrying out extensive excavations on the lake bed

The spokesman added: 'The first results produced using carbon dating show that the stones in area 5 were placed there around 5,500 years ago in the Neolithic period.'

In the following months, further investigations will be carried out with the hope of discovering more about the artefacts, which will be analysed by an international team of researchers.

Initially, it was unclear whether the stones were natural formations from the remnants of a glacier which was located in the area 18,000 years ago.

The researchers had originally suspected that the formations were from the Bronze Age dating back to around 1000 BC.

Pictured@ : A piece of Poplar wood retrieved by the divers which may have been used as part of the construction or excavation of the rocks. Experts have confirmed these mysterious piles of stones - compared to an underwater Stonehenge - found at the bottom of Lake Constance are much older than previously thought

Using underwater georadar tech (pictured) developed by the Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany, the team of scientists managed to study the lake's sediment and stone deposits in search of the origin and purpose of the formations

Pictured: The research team on Lake Constance where the Neolithic rocks have been discovered. Experts have confirmed these mysterious piles of stones on the bottom of Lake Constance which have been compared to an 'underwater Stonehenge' were man-made

Currently, there are various theories about the purpose of the stones, such as that they served as weirs, burial mounds or signposted transportation routes.

Urs Leuzinger, a researcher on the project, estimates that at the time of construction, the cairns were located along the shoreline or even in shallow water.

He said: 'I've never really experienced anything like this. Whenever we dig something up, we usually know what it's all about.'

He said that his team 'has no intention to compete with the original Stonehenge', saying that the moniker had been 'chosen by German media' and not by archaeologists. 

However, he said that there are some similarities with the Wiltshire monument as it required an equally impressive feat by prehistoric humans to transport such stones.

Dr Leuzinger said: 'After all, our 170 cairns of 500 cubic metres of stones each does bring quite a decent amount to the shores of Lake Constance.'

The cairns were first discovered in 2015 by the Institute for Lake Research in the town of Langenargen in the south-western German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg.

It is thought they would have been near to a settlement of lake dwellings which are much deeper under water perhaps close to what was once a prehistoric shoreline and are yet to be discovered, according to the Thurgau Office for Archaeology.

But they added: 'It may also be the case that the lake dwellings have already eroded away due to the erosion over the years.'

Divers investigating the site have been finding out more about the rocks, including their age.Currently, there are various theories about the purpose of the stones, such as that they served as weirs, burial mounds or signposted transportation routes

A ship equipped with a digger with a 15-metre-long arm removed material alongside the stones and revealed the stones (pictured)

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Deep below a European lake lies a man-made monument that scientists have called the “Swiss Stonehenge”. The mysterious stones rest 15 feet below the surface on the Swiss side of Lake Constance which is a 207-square-mile body of water that borders Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. They were initially discovered in 2015 by the Institute for Lake Research in Langenargen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany.

The Neolithic relic consists of 5,000-year-old stones with some of the stones measuring as wide as 100 inches and was laid out in a way that they were situated parallel to the Swiss shoreline. A ship with a digger removed seabed materials that had gathered beside the stones in order to study them further. A spokesman at the Archaeology Office of the Swiss Canton of Thurgau said that the discovery was a “sensational” find.

Lake Constance

The Technical University of Darmstadt in Germany created an underwater georadar to study the stones in hopes of finding out their origin and why they were put there in the first place. It has been determined that the stones were put there by humans and not created naturally by nature.

Since there had been a glacier in that area 18,000 years ago, it was first thought that the stones may have been made by nature, but that hypothesis has been disproven. “It is obvious that the stones of up to 40 centimeters in size rest on the post-glacial, banded lake deposits and clearly above the underlying upper edge of the moraine [a glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris]”, the Archaeology Office wrote, adding, “Thus, it is now scientifically proven that the cairns did not originate naturally from the glacier, but were piled up by human hands.”

It’s still unclear as to why the stones were put there in the first place, but several theories have emerged, such as that they were used as weirs, burial mounds, and signposted transportation routes. Urs Leuzinger, who works as a researcher on the project, believes that the stones were put either along the shoreline or in shallow water during the time of its construction.

With several similarities to the famous monument in Wiltshire, England, this Neolithic relic has been nicknamed the “Swiss Stonehenge”.

“I’ve never really experienced anything like this. Whenever we dig something up, we usually know what it’s all about,” he said. He continued on by stating, “Our 170 cairns of 500 cubic meters of stones each does bring quite a decent amount to the shores of Lake Constance.”

An international team of researchers will conduct further studies in the upcoming months to learn more about these fascinating stones. Several pictures of the stone monument called “Swiss Stonehenge” can be seen here.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Peculiar Sounds Recorded on Mars

Put an ear to the ground on Mars and you’ll be rewarded with a symphony of sounds. Granted, you’ll need superhuman hearing, but NASA’s InSight lander comes equipped with a very special “ear.”

The spacecraft’s exquisitely sensitive seismometer, called the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS), can pick up vibrations as subtle as a breeze. The instrument was provided by the French space agency, Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), and its partners.

Clouds drift over the dome-covered seismometer, known as SEIS, belonging to NASA’s InSight lander, on Mars.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

SEIS was designed to listen for marsquakes. Scientists want to study how the seismic waves of these quakes move through the planet’s interior, revealing the deep inner structure of Mars for the first time.

But after the seismometer was set down by InSight’s robotic arm, Mars seemed shy. It didn’t produce its first rumbling until this past April, and this first quake turned out to be an odd duck. It had a surprisingly high-frequency seismic signal compared to what the science team has heard since then. Out of more than 100 events detected to date, about 21 are strongly considered to be quakes. The remainder could be quakes as well, but the science team hasn’t ruled out other causes.

Quakes

Put on headphones to listen to two of the more representative quakes SEIS has detected. These occurred on May 22, 2019 (the 173rd Martian day, or sol, of the mission) and July 25, 2019 (Sol 235). Far below the human range of hearing, these sonifications from SEIS had to be speeded up and slightly processed to be audible through headphones. Both were recorded by the “very broad band sensors” on SEIS, which are more sensitive at lower frequencies than its short period sensors.

The Sol 173 quake is about a magnitude 3.7; the Sol 235 quake is about a magnitude 3.3.

• https://soundcloud.com/nasa/quake-sol-173
• https://soundcloud.com/nasa/quake-sol-235

Each quake is a subtle rumble. The Sol 235 quake becomes particularly bass-heavy toward the end of the event. Both suggest that the Martian crust is like a mix of the Earth’s crust and the Moon’s. Cracks in Earth’s crust seal over time as water fills them with new minerals. This enables sound waves to continue uninterrupted as they pass through old fractures. Drier crusts like the Moon’s remain fractured after impacts, scattering sound waves for tens of minutes rather than allowing them to travel in a straight line. Mars, with its cratered surface, is slightly more Moon-like, with seismic waves ringing for a minute or so, whereas quakes on Earth can come and go in seconds.

Mechanical Sounds and Wind Gusts

SEIS has no trouble identifying quiet quakes, but its sensitive ear means scientists have lots of other noises to filter out. Over time, the team has learned to recognize the different sounds. And while some are trickier than others to spot, they all have made InSight’s presence on Mars feel more real to those working with the spacecraft.

“It’s been exciting, especially in the beginning, hearing the first vibrations from the lander,” said Constantinos Charalambous, an InSight science team member at Imperial College London who works with the SP sensors. “You’re imagining what’s really happening on Mars as InSight sits on the open landscape.”

Charalambous and Nobuaki Fuji of Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris provided the audio samples for this story, including the one below, which is also best heard with headphones and captures the array of sounds they’re hearing.

On March 6, 2019, a camera on InSight’s robotic arm was scanning the surface in front of the lander. Each movement of the arm produces what to SEIS is a piercing noise.

Wind gusts can also create noise. The team is always on the hunt for quakes, but they’ve found the twilight hours are one of the best times to do so. During the day, sunlight warms the air and creates more wind interference than at night.

Evening is also when peculiar sounds that the InSight team has nicknamed “dinks and donks” become more prevalent. The team knows they’re coming from delicate parts within the seismometer expanding and contracting against one another and thinks heat loss may be the factor, similar to how a car engine “ticks” after it’s turned off and begins cooling.

You can hear a number of these dinks and donks in this next set of sounds, recorded just after sundown on July 16, 2019 (Sol 226). Listen carefully and you can also pick out an eerie whistling that the team thinks may be caused by interference in the seismometer’s electronics.

• https://soundcloud.com/nasa/dinks-and-donks-sample

What does it sound like to you? A hall full of grandfather clocks? A Martian jazz ensemble? Share your thoughts with us on Twitter.

About InSight

JPL manages InSight for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. InSight is part of NASA’s Discovery Program, managed by the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Lockheed Martin Space in Denver built the InSight spacecraft, including its cruise stage and lander, and supports spacecraft operations for the mission.

A number of European partners, including France’s Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES) and the German Aerospace Center (DLR), are supporting the InSight mission. CNES provided the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) instrument to NASA, with the principal investigator at IPGP (Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris). Significant contributions for SEIS came from IPGP; the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Germany; the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) in Switzerland; Imperial College London and Oxford University in the United Kingdom; and JPL. DLR provided the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) instrument, with significant contributions from the Space Research Center (CBK) of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Astronika in Poland. Spain’s Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) supplied the temperature and wind sensors.

Contacts and sources:

• Andrew Good, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
  Alana Johnson, NASA Headquarters

Source: 

• http://www.ineffableisland.com/2019/10/strange-sounds-recorded-on-mars.html

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

If you could travel back in time 3.5 billion years, what would Mars look like? The picture is evolving among scientists working with NASA’s Curiosity rover.

Imagine ponds dotting the floor of Gale Crater, the 100-mile-wide (150-kilometer-wide) ancient basin that Curiosity is exploring. Streams might have laced the crater’s walls, running toward its base. Watch history in fast forward, and you’d see these waterways overflow then dry up, a cycle that probably repeated itself numerous times over millions of years.The network of cracks in this Martian rock slab called “Old Soaker” may have formed from the drying of a mud layer more than 3 billion years ago. The view spans about 3 feet (90 centimeters) left-to-right and combines three images taken by the MAHLI camera on the arm of NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover. 

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

That is the landscape described by Curiosity scientists in a Nature Geoscience paper published today. The authors interpret rocks enriched in mineral salts discovered by the rover as evidence of shallow briny ponds that went through episodes of overflow and drying. The deposits serve as a watermark created by climate fluctuations as the Martian environment transitioned from a wetter one to the freezing desert it is today.

Scientists would like to understand how long this transition took and when exactly it occurred. This latest clue may be a sign of findings to come as Curiosity heads toward a region called the “sulfate-bearing unit,” which is expected to have formed in an even drier environment. It represents a stark difference from lower down the mountain, where Curiosity discovered evidence of persistent freshwater lakes.

Gale Crater is the ancient remnant of a massive impact. Sediment carried by water and wind eventually filled in the crater floor, layer by layer. After the sediment hardened, wind carved the layered rock into the towering Mount Sharp, which Curiosity is climbing today. Now exposed on the mountain’s slopes, each layer reveals a different era of Martian history and holds clues about the prevailing environment at the time.

“We went to Gale Crater because it preserves this unique record of a changing Mars,” said lead author William Rapin of Caltech. “Understanding when and how the planet’s climate started evolving is a piece of another puzzle: When and how long was Mars capable of supporting microbial life at the surface?”

He and his co-authors describe salts found across a 500-foot-tall (150-meter-tall) section of sedimentary rocks called “Sutton Island,” which Curiosity visited in 2017. Based on a series of mud cracks at a location named “Old Soaker,” the team already knew the area had intermittent drier periods. But the Sutton Island salts suggest the water also concentrated into brine.

Typically, when a lake dries up entirely, it leaves piles of pure salt crystals behind. But the Sutton Island salts are different: For one thing, they’re mineral salts, not table salt. They’re also mixed with sediment, suggesting they crystallized in a wet environment – possibly just beneath evaporating shallow ponds filled with briny water.

Given that Earth and Mars were similar in their early days, Rapin speculated that Sutton Island might have resembled saline lakes on South America’s Altiplano. Streams and rivers flowing from mountain ranges into this arid, high-altitude plateau lead to closed basins similar to Mars’ ancient Gale Crater. Lakes on the Altiplano are heavily influenced by climate in the same way as Gale.

“During drier periods, the Altiplano lakes become shallower, and some can dry out completely,” Rapin said. “The fact that they’re vegetation-free even makes them look a little like Mars.”

This animation demonstrates the salty ponds and streams that scientists think may have been left behind as Gale Crater dried out over time. The bottom of the image is the floor of Gale Crater, with the peak being the side of Mount Sharp.

Credit: ASU Knowledge Enterprise Development (KED), Michael Northrop 

Signs of a Drying Mars

Sutton Island’s salt-enriched rocks are just one clue among several the rover team is using to piece together how the Martian climate changed. Looking across the entirety of Curiosity’s journey, which began in 2012, the science team sees a cycle of wet to dry across long timescales on Mars.

“As we climb Mount Sharp, we see an overall trend from a wet landscape to a drier one,” said Curiosity Project Scientist Ashwin Vasavada of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. JPL leads the Mars Science Laboratory mission that Curiosity is a part of. “But that trend didn’t necessarily occur in a linear fashion. More likely, it was messy, including drier periods, like what we’re seeing at Sutton Island, followed by wetter periods, like what we’re seeing in the ‘clay-bearing unit’ that Curiosity is exploring today.”

Up until now, the rover has encountered lots of flat sediment layers that had been gently deposited at the bottom of a lake. Team member Chris Fedo, who specializes in the study of sedimentary layers at the University of Tennessee, noted that Curiosity is currently running across large rock structures that could have formed only in a higher-energy environment such as a windswept area or flowing streams.

Wind or flowing water piles sediment into layers that gradually incline. When they harden into rock, they become large structures similar to “Teal Ridge,” which Curiosity investigated this past summer.

“Finding inclined layers represents a major change, where the landscape isn’t completely underwater anymore,” said Fedo. “We may have left the era of deep lakes behind.”

Curiosity has already spied more inclined layers in the distant sulfate-bearing unit. The science team plans to drive there in the next couple years and investigate its many rock structures. If they formed in drier conditions that persisted for a long period, that might mean that the clay-bearing unit represents an in-between stage – a gateway to a different era in Gale Crater’s watery history.

“We can’t say whether we’re seeing wind or river deposits yet in the clay-bearing unit, but we’re comfortable saying is it’s definitely not the same thing as what came before or what lies ahead,” Fedo said.

For more about NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover mission, visit:

1. https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/
2. https://nasa.gov/msl

• Contacts and sources:
  Alana Johnson, NASA
• Andrew Good, Jet Propulsion Laborato

Citation:

• An interval of high salinity in ancient Gale crater lake on Mars.  W. Rapin, B. L. Ehlmann, G. Dromart, J. Schieber, N. H. Thomas, W. W. Fischer, V. K. Fox, N. T. Stein, M. Nachon, B. C. Clark, L. C. Kah, L. Thompson, H. A. Meyer, T. S. J. Gabriel, C. Hardgrove, N. Mangold, F. Rivera-Hernandez, R. C. Wiens, A. R. Vasavada. Nature Geoscience, 2019; DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0458-8

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

The Essentials of Ufo Sightings That You Will be Able to Benefit From Beginning Immediately

New Step by Step Roadmap for Ufo Sightings

There isn’t a great deal of in between when it has to do with UFOs. The UFO looks like it’s been seen by plenty of individuals. Throughout that time period, there were two triangle UFOs sighted in the exact same location. By way of example, over Midlothian, many sightings are made from January to March. UFO sightings are now able to easily be captured on video, while it’s through a telephone or video camera. The most typically known UFO sighting in the USA is known as the Roswell UFO sighting of 1947.

Take a look at the pictures and videos and you decide by yourself. Some video footage implies that the objects move quickly. What earns the video footage even more credible is that there’s footage taken by different individuals in various areas of town.

The Fight Against Ufo Sightings

Real aliens are less inclined to be evil. In terms of Bigfoot sightings, ape-like creatures are seen all over the usa and Canada. There’s no unitary creature known as the government, which is in fact a group of interrelated hierarchies with diverse incentives and power structures. It’s not clear to me that the only means to generate an intelligent creature that evolves to the cap of the food chain is to produce a human with bilateral symmetry.

At the start of spring for the previous two thousand decades, the sun is apparently drifting across the stars of Pisces with each passing year. Earth is nowhere to be viewed. Even when you kept to lots of earth based templates for life it would be quite simple for chance and accident to create something very different from that which we know. The planet has to be in a comparatively circular orbit otherwise it will stray from the habitable zone. It must be large enough to hold an atmosphere.

Science isn’t so superficial. Someone has to cover science and every previous scientist. Mimicking science isn’t the exact same as doing science. Scientists have been searching for about a hundred decades. Two decades afterwards the scientists publicized the results of their test that they argued revealed that the animal isn’t human. Actually, scientists and a great deal of non-believers make no fuss about expressing their scepticism in regards to extrasensory perception.

There are lots of theories,” Kay explained. There are not many very good explanations for the majority of the Hudson Valley sightings. Among the arguments that scientists use to debunk UFO sightings is that our planet has existed for at least four billion decades, therefore the odds are very small that the aliens would just chance to arrive here during the few decades that we’ve got technology.

The Upside to Ufo Sightings

Many still seek out proof of aliens. The evidence might have been much more compelling, in the event the very first recorded incident was not revealed as a hoax. No, you won’t locate any evidence in case you don’t look. If you’re still not convinced or want to read more evidence an Arizona UFO might not be a laughing matter, you might delight in seeing for yourself, more UFO Evidence. In the Washington Post Dan Drezner implies that the simple fact that the Department of Defense is starting to engage with the thought of UFOs weakens their thesis, but I am not certain that’s appropriate. Why is everyone slightly obsessed with the thought of extraterrestrial life. So, there’s no need to fret about the 156,353 UFO sightings and warnings.

Source: 

• http://footageofufos.com/2019/10/the-essentials-of-ufo-sightings-that-you-will-be-able-to-benefit-from-beginning-immediately/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Why Everybody Is Mistaken Regarding Ufo Sightings and Why You Should Read This Article Right Now

Usually once you speak about UFO sightings, most individuals believe that I mistook it for something else or they may think that it is merely a crap. UFO sightings are now able to easily be captured on video, while it’s through a telephone or video camera. They have become an ever-popular subject. In any event, UFO sightings aren’t something which’s new to society. On weekdays it appears that UFO sightings are driven by men and women that are routinely outside daily, rain or shine. During February in Minnesota, for instance, only 69 UFO sightings are reported since the start of the 21st century. The most typically known UFO sighting in america is called the Roswell UFO sighting of 1947.

There isn’t a great deal of in between when it has to do with UFOs. The UFO looks like it’s been seen by lots of individuals. Take for instance the lot of photographs that have been published of UFOs. Throughout that time period, there were two triangle UFOs sighted in the exact same location.

Why Almost Everything You’ve Learned About Ufo Sightings Is Wrong

UFO clubs operate on the internet to cover a huge geographical place. The video has become the fodder for quite a few arguments and debates about the authenticity of the same. It shows three different sightings of suspected UFOs in three different parts of the world. Take a look at the pictures and videos and you decide by yourself. Some video footage implies that the objects move quickly.

The Argument About Ufo Sightings

Starting a UFO club may sound unearthly as a means for young entrepreneurs to earn money. So, there’s no need to fret about the 156,353 UFO sightings and warnings. Why is everyone slightly obsessed with the concept of extraterrestrial life. There’s very little doubt that the web has played a part in the development of UFO reports in the past several years, though most can be explained by natural or human-caused phenomena. In the Washington Post Dan Drezner implies that the simple fact that the Department of Defense is starting to engage with the thought of UFOs weakens their thesis, but I am not certain that’s suitable. Most UFO sightings were reported in america, with 26 sightings happening during November.

Many still find proof of aliens. Before you make a decision as to what you believe, we implore you to comprehend the evidence. It is not easy to know what’s real evidence and what’s fake evidence. To begin with, so many men and women say reflexively that there’s no evidence of an ET presence engaging our planet, when they don’t really know the evidence. The unexplained cases appear to be similar in a lot of ways. Among the arguments that scientists use to debunk UFO sightings is that our planet has existed for over four billion decades, hence the odds are really small that the aliens would just chance to arrive here during the few decades that we’ve got technology.

What You Can Do About Ufo Sightings Starting in the Next Ten Minutes

Science isn’t too superficial. Someone has to cover science and every previous scientist. Mimicking science isn’t the exact same as doing science. Scientists have been on the lookout for about a hundred decades. Two decades afterwards the scientists publicized the results of their test that they argued revealed that the animal isn’t human. UFO experts claimed that the quantity of sightings has increased in recent decades. UFO enthusiasts think that the region is the ideal hotspot in the nation for UFO sightings.

Source: 

• http://footageofufos.com/2019/10/why-everybody-is-mistaken-regarding-ufo-sightings-and-why-you-should-read-this-article-right-now/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Pulsing UFO Seen Over Black Sea On Oct 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 2, 2019

Location of sighting: Black Sea, Burgas, Bulgaria

Here is an extraordinary video of a UFO seen just a few days ago over the Black Sea. The UFO seems to change shape and pulse as if it wanted to be seen. This type of UFO has been seen around the world and often appears over cities to observe the human reactions below. I myself recorded a similar UFO over my apartments one night...a few years ago...and on the TV news a few days earlier I saw the same UFO seen over China. It gets around. 
Scott C. Waring

 

Eyewitness states: 

UFO big spaceship with changing type, trajectory , shape , sizes , color and very dynamic flexi - pulsations ; Location -- in the international space area over Black Sea -- around Burgas city , BULGARIA.

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Researcher Richard Sauder spoke about underwater bases associated with UFOs, as well as the secret government, and a coming economic implosion.

The late investigator and cryptozoologist Ivan T. Sanderson concluded that underwater UFOs were real and operated by undersea inhabitants, said Sauder, who added that Lake Erie is a hotspot for such activity.

A remarkable UFO sighing over Lake Erie was reported last year when a resident of Huron, Ohio captured a strange large cone shaped metal looking object with two triangular bright lights came out of it over Lake Erie before it all disappeared.
Large cone shaped metal looking UFO in the sky over Lake Erie

There are underground salt deposits in the lake area, which are easier to drill into and create caverns than regular rock, he explained. Intriguingly, he also suggested that the underground bases may be connected with time travel, as water has many unusual properties and it may somehow facilitate the malleability of time.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

NASA Apollo 15 Camera Caught A UFO In Moon Crater

The newly-published YouTube video of NASA’s Apollo 15 Moon mission has attracted wide attention of UFO enthusiasts. Aside from the astronauts roaming around the moon’s surface, something so strange has been observed by curious viewers.

The shaky camera caught what many UFO pundits consider to be an alien spaceship parked in the background of the American astronauts rambling on the surface of the moon.

Meanwhile, some commentators are disappointed with the video quality as it difficult to verify the authenticity of the footage.

However, many others have remained convinced that there’s something visible on the Moon horizon. They believe the video seems to show a white-colored, alien spacecraft in the distance.

Apollo 15 was the fourth to land on the Moon and the 9^th human-crewed mission in Apollo program of NASA. It was the first mission with a greater focus on science and had a more extended stay on the Moon than earlier landings. It also saw the first utilization of the Lunar Roving Vehicle.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Navy Pilot Who Reportedly Encountered UFO Reveals New Incidents About Alien ‘Dark Mass’

{ https://sputniknews.com/ }

2,000 Atoms Exist in Two Places at Once in Unprecedented Quantum Experiment

By Rafi Letzter - Staff Writer 

The new experiment demonstrated a bizarre quantum effect from the double-slit experiment at an unprecedented scale.

An illustration suggests the behavior of big, complex molecules spreading out like ripples across space.

(Image: © Yaakov Fein, Universität Wien)

Giant molecules can be in two places at once, thanks to quantum physics.

That's something that scientists have long known is theoretically true based on a few facts: Every particle or group of particles in the universe is also a wave — even large particles, even bacteria, even human beings, even planets and stars. And waves occupy multiple places in space at once. So any chunk of matter can also occupy two places at once. Physicists call this phenomenon "quantum superposition," and for decades, they have demonstrated it using small particles.

But in recent years, physicists have scaled up their experiments, demonstrating quantum superposition using larger and larger particles. Now, in a paper published Sept. 23 in the journal Nature Physics, an international team of researchers has caused molecule made up of up to 2,000 atoms to occupy two places at the same time.

• Related: How Quantum Entanglement Works (Infographic)

To pull it off, the researchers built a complicated, modernized version of a series of famous old experiments that first demonstrated quantum superposition.

Researchers had long known that light, fired through a sheet with two slits in it, would create an interference pattern, or a series of light and dark fringes, on the wall behind the sheet. But light was understood as a massless wave, not something made of particles, so this wasn't surprising. However, in a series of famous experiments in the 1920s, physicists showed that electrons fired through thin films or crystals would behave in a similar way, forming patterns like light does on the wall behind the diffracting material.

If electrons were simply particles, and so could occupy only one point in space at a time, they would form two strips, roughly the shape of the slits, on the wall behind the film or crystal. But instead, the electrons hit that wall in complex patterns suggesting the electrons had  interfered with themselves . That is a telltale sign of a wave; in some spots, the peaks of the waves coincide, creating brighter regions, while in other spots, the peaks coincide with troughs, so the two cancel each other out and create a dark region. Because physicists already knew that electrons had mass and were definitely particles, the experiment showed that matter acts both as individual particles and as waves.

An illustrations show how electrons, particles of matter, act like waves when they pass through a double-slitted sheet.

(Image credit: Johannes Kalliauer/CC BY-SA 4.0)

But it's one thing to create an interference pattern with electrons. Doing it with giant molecules is a lot trickier. Bigger molecules have less-easily detected waves, because more massive objects have shorter wavelengths that can lead to barely-perceptible interference patterns. And these 2,000-atom particles have wavelengths smaller than the diameter of a single hydrogen atom, so their interference pattern is much less dramatic.

• Related: The 18 Biggest Unsolved Mysteries in Physics

To pull off the double-slit experiment for big things, the researchers built a machine that could fire a beam of molecules (hulking things called "oligo-tetraphenylporphyrins enriched with fluoroalkylsulfanyl chains," some more than 25,000 times the mass of a simple hydrogen atom) through a series of grates and sheets bearing multiple slits. The beam was about 6.5 feet (2 meters) long. That's big enough that the researchers had to account for factors like gravity and the rotation of the Earth in designing the beam emitter, the scientists wrote in the paper. They also kept the molecules fairly warm for a quantum physics experiment, so they had to account for heat jostling the particles.

But still, when the researchers switched the machine on, the detectors at the far end of the beam revealed an interference pattern. The molecules were occupying multiple points in space at once.

It's an exciting result, the researchers wrote, proving quantum interference at larger scales than had ever before been detected.

"The next generation of matter-wave experiments will push the mass by an order of magnitude," the authors  wrote.

So, even bigger demonstrations of quantum interference are coming, though it probably won't be possible to fire yourself through an interferometer anytime soon. (First of all, the vacuum in the machine would probably kill you.) Us giant beings are just going to have to sit in one place and watch the particles have all the fun.

• 18 Times Quantum Particles Blew Our Minds
• What's That? Your Physics Questions Answered
• Twisted Physics: 7 Mind-Blowing Findings

Originally published on Live Science.

{ https://www.livescience.com/ }

U.S. Air Force scientists developed liquid metal which autonomously changes structure

Photo courtesy of Raytheon

As reported by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, military scientists have developed a “Terminator-like” liquid metal that can autonomously change the structure, just like in a Hollywood movie.

The scientists developed liquid metal systems for stretchable electronics – that can be bent, folded, crumpled and stretched – are major research areas towards next-generation military devices.

Conductive materials change their properties as they are strained or stretched. Typically, electrical conductivity decreases and resistance increases with stretching.

The material recently developed by Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) scientists, called Polymerized Liquid Metal Networks, does just the opposite. These liquid metal networks can be strained up to 700%, autonomously respond to that strain to keep the resistance between those two states virtually the same, and still return to their original state. It is all due to the self-organized nanostructure within the material that performs these responses automatically.

“This response to stretching is the exact opposite of what you would expect,” said Dr. Christopher Tabor, AFRL lead research scientist on the project. “Typically a material will increase in resistance as it is stretched simply because the current has to pass through more material. Experimenting with these liquid metal systems and seeing the opposite response was completely unexpected and frankly unbelievable until we understood what was going on.”

Wires maintaining their properties under these different kinds of mechanical conditions have many applications, such as next-generation wearable electronics. For instance, the material could be integrated into a long-sleeve garment and used for transferring power through the shirt and across the body in a way that bending an elbow or rotating a shoulder won’t change the power transferred.

AFRL researchers also evaluated the material’s heating properties in a form factor resembling a heated glove. They measured thermal response with sustained finger movement and retained a nearly constant temperature with a constant applied voltage, unlike current state-of-the-art stretchable heaters that lose substantial thermal power generation when strained due to the resistance changes.

This project started within the last year and was developed in AFRL with fundamental research dollars from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. It is currently being explored for further development in partnership with both private companies and universities. Working with companies on cooperative research is beneficial because they take early systems that function well in the lab and optimize them for potential scale up. In this case, they will enable integration of these materials into textiles that can serve to monitor and augment human performance.

The researchers start with individual particles of liquid metal enclosed in a shell, which resemble water balloons. Each particle is then chemically tethered to the next one through a polymerization process, akin to adding links into a chain; in that way all of the particles are connected to each other.

As the connected liquid metal particles are strained, the particles tear open and liquid metal spills out. Connections form to give the system both conductivity and inherent stretchability. During each stretching cycle after the first, the conductivity increases and returns back to normal. To top it off, there is no detection of fatigue after 10,000 cycles.

“The discovery of Polymerized Liquid Metal Networks is ideal for stretchable power delivery, sensing and circuitry,” said Capt. Carl Thrasher, research chemist within the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate at AFRL and lead author on the Journal Article. “Human interfacing systems will be able to operate continuously, weigh less, and deliver more power with this technology.”

“We think this is really exciting for a multitude of applications,” he added. “This is something that isn’t available on the market today so we are really excited to introduce this to the world and spread the word.”

{ https://defence-blog.com/ }

Five bull carcasses are found WITHOUT genitals, tongues or any blood in unexplained Oregon deaths that mirror 1970s livestock mutilations

• Bull carcasses have been discovered missing their tongues and sex organs
• Five have been found so far in Burns, Oregon, baffling state police 
• Theories suggest it could be a human attack or flesh-eating bugs 
• Scenes replicated mutilations in the 1970s which spurred ranchers to carry guns
• Colby Marshall, who owned the bulls, thought it might be the actions of a cult 

By ASSOCIATED PRESS

The first dead bull was found in a timbered ravine in eastern Oregon. There was no indication it had been shot, attacked by predators or eaten poisonous plants. The animal's sex organs and tongue had been removed. All the blood was gone.

In the next few days, four more Hereford bulls were found within 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) in the same condition. There were no tracks around the carcasses. Ranch management and law enforcement suspect that someone killed the bulls. Ranch hands have been advised to travel in pairs and to go armed.

Ever since the bulls were found over several days in July, Harney County Sheriff's Deputy Dan Jenkins has received many calls and emails from people speculating what, or who, might be responsible.

The theories range from scavengers such as carrion bugs eating the carcasses to people attacking the animals to cause financial harm to ranchers. One person suggested that Jenkins look for craters underneath the carcasses, saying it would be evidence the bulls had been levitated into a spaceship, mutilated, and then dropped back to the ground.

Jenkins, who is leading the investigation that also involves state police, has run into only dead ends, with no witnesses. 'If anyone has concrete information or knows of any cases that have been solved in the past, that would definitely be helpful,' he said from his office in Burns.

Colby Marshall, vice president of the Silvies Valley Ranch that owned the bulls, has another theory: 'We think that this crime is being perpetuated by some sort of a cult,' he said.

A Hereford bull lies dead in Burns, Oregon, one of five apparently healthy bulls that were found dead and with sex organs and tongues removed. Authorities suspect the bizarre deaths and mutilations were human caused, but have no leads

The case recalls mutilations of livestock across the West and Midwest in the 1970s that struck fear in rural areas. Thousands of cattle and other livestock were found dead with the reproductive organs, and sometimes part of their faces, removed, in territory ranging from Minnesota to New Mexico.

Ranchers began carrying guns. Folks said helicopters had been heard around the kill sites. A federal agency canceled an inventory by helicopter of its lands in Colorado, worried that it would get shot down.

A couple of U.S. senators urged the FBI to investigate, according to FBI documents. After saying it lacked jurisdiction, the FBI agreed to investigate cases on tribal lands. But the mutilations stopped. Former FBI agent Kenneth Rommel, who headed the investigation, said there was no indication that anything other than common predators were responsible.

Cases have emerged sporadically since then. In the 1980s, a few cows were found dead and mutilated in eastern Oregon. More recently, there have been cases on a ranch near Flagstaff, Arizona.

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Some of the mutilations can be attributed to natural causes. An animal drops dead, the blood pools at the bottom of the carcass, the carcass bloats and the skin dries out and splits. The tears often appear surgical. Carrion bugs, birds and other scavengers go for soft tissues like rectum, genitals, udders and eyes.

Dave Bohnert, director of Oregon State University's Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center in Burns, said he believes people killed the Silvies bulls because there is no indication they were felled by predators or had eaten poisonous plants. However, the state of the carcasses could be attributable to nature, said Bohnert, who is not officially investigating the case.

If people killed the bulls, a motive could be to financially harm the ranch, he said, noting that breeding bulls cost thousands of dollars each, and the 100-plus calves each of them sire are collectively worth much more.

Marshall doubts it was a malicious attack on the ranch, which employs 75 people, many from local communities. Silvies Valley Ranch covers 140,000 acres (57,000 hectares) of deeded and leased National Forest lands around a mile above sea level.

Colby Marshall (above), vice president of Silvies Valley Ranch poses for a picture in Burns, Oregon.  Silvies Valley Ranch owns five bulls that were found dead with sex organs and tongues removed. Here Marshall is pictured in September 2017

In 2006, a wealthy veterinarian bought the ranch and made it a combination working ranch and an elite destination resort. It has four golf courses, a spa, shooting ranges, fishing and luxury cabins going for up to $849 per night.

Marshall suspects the bulls were killed to get the organs of the free-ranging bulls for some reason. The bull parts would be available cheaply or free at a slaughterhouse, but he believes some people are going to a lot of trouble to get these parts on the range.

There's no sign that scavengers removed the organs of the bulls, and instead someone using a knife or scalpel probably did, Marshall said.

'To lose a completely healthy animal would be an oddity,' Marshall said. 'To lose five young, very healthy, in great shape, perfect bulls that are all basically the same age ... that is so outside the bounds of normal activity.'

Marshall speculates the bulls were darted with a tranquilizer that knocked them out. While some people acted as lookouts, others bled the animals out by inserting a large-gauge needle into the tongue and into an artery, then removed the organs after the heart stopped beating, he surmised.

Jenkins, the deputy, has a similar theory.

'Personally, I would lean more toward the occult, where people for whatever reason -- whether it's a phase of the moon or whatever rituals they're going to do with their beliefs -- are coming to different areas and doing that,' he said.

The Oregon Cattlemen's Association is offering a $1,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of those responsible. The ranch is offering $25,000.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

5 bulls found dead in Oregon; then the story gets weird

A long-exposure photograph of the Milky Way overlaid by the Drake equation for estimating the number of extra terrestrial civilizations in it

The so-called Drake equation is a probabilistic argument purposed to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy. The equation is:

where

• R* represents the average rate of star formation in our galaxy
• fp is the fraction of stars that have planets
• ne is the fraction of planets that are in the circumstellar habitable zone, i.e. can potentially support life
• fl is the fraction of planets that could support life that actually do develop life at some point
• fi is the fraction of planets with life that develop (intelligent) civilizations
• fc is the fraction of civilizations that develop technology which emit detectable signals of their existance into space
• L is the length of time for which extra terrestrial civilizations release detectable signals into space

Subject to the assumptions that give rise to these variables, estimates of the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy have ranged widely from as low as 0.000000000091 (we are probably alone in our galaxy) to as high as 15,600,000 (our galaxy is populated by millions of intelligent civilizations). The following animation eloquently explains the factors that go into the estimation:

The Drake Equation

The Drake equation in other words summarizes the factors which are thought to affect the likelihood that humans will be able to detect radio-communication from intelligent extraterrestrial life (Burchell, 2006). The argument was first proposed in 1961 by American astronomer Frank Drake, for the purpose of stimulating scientific dialogue at the meeting of the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) community:

As I planned the meeting, I realized a few day[s] ahead of time we needed an agenda. And so I wrote down all the things you needed to know to predict how hard it’s going to be to detect extraterrestrial life. And looking at them it became pretty evident that if you multiplied all these together, you got a number, N, which is the number of detectable civilizations in our galaxy. This was aimed at the radio search, and not to search for primordial or primitive life forms. 

— Frank Drake

Astronomer Frank Drake

The 1961 meeting of the SETI community was arranged following a surge of interest among various well-known physicists and astronomers’ in searching for extra terrestrial communications. Evidence of this interest includes Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison’s Nature article Searching for Interstellar Communications which first proposed the idea of using radio telescopes to try to detect transmissions broadcast by extraterrestrial civilizations. It also includes a newspaper article entitled Life on other Planets? in the Sydney Morning Harald (1959) in which Harlow Shapley (father of Nobel laureate mathematician Lloyd Shapley) and William Howells’ work for the Darwin Centennial celebration is highlighted.

Original estimates

Depending on the assumptions, as many skeptics have pointed out, the Drake equation can give a very wide range of values. Original “educated guesses” for each parameter proposed by Drake and his colleagues in 1961 were:

• R* ≈ 1, the yearly average rate of star formation in our galaxy
• fp ≈ 0.2– 0.5, one fifth to one half of all stars will have planets
• ne ≈ 1–5, stars with planets will have between one and five planets in the habitable zone
• fl ≈ 1, every planet in the habitable zone will develop life
• fi ≈ 1, every planet will life will develop intelligent life
• fc ≈ 0.1–0.2, between 10% – 20% of planets with intelligent life will be able to communicate
• L ≈ 1000–100 000 000, the length of time for which extra terrestrials will send detectable signals into space and these signals’ duration

If we assume the lower estimates, the solution to the Drake equation then yields:

If we instead assume the higher estimates, the solution to the Drake equation then yields:

Suggesting that intelligent extra terrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way number somewhere between 20 (two zero) and 50 million. In other words, if one agrees with the 1961 assumptions of Drake and his colleagues’, it is likely that there currently exists intelligent extra terrestrial civilizations capable of communicating with Earth, as we speak. However, as should be clear, a few of these assumptions seem implausibly optimistic.

Better informed estimates

Although we have a fairly good idea of the rate of stellar formation, a dearth of data for the other components means that calculations are often reduced to the creative speculations of quixotic astronomers.

— Michael Shermer

Since the above first estimate was proposed in 1961, each factor of the Drake equation have been further researched, altering the original estimation drastically. The only factor we can claim to have empirically valid, statistically significant estimates for, as Michael Shermer points out, is the first, the rate of star formation in the Milky Way (Shermer, 2002):

The star formation rate

The first factor (R*) representing the rate of star formation in the Milky Way was in 2010 estimated by researchers Thomas Robitaille and Barbara A. Whitney to be approximately equal to between R* = 0.68 M☉ and 1.45 M☉, where M☉ represents a solar mass. Using the data from the GLIMPSE infrared survey conducted with NASA’s Spitzer infrared telescope, the study derived the galactic star formation rate (SFR) by comparing the number of young stellar objects (YSO) with a refined stellar-population synthesis model (Wanjek, 2015). The approximation yields a star formation rate of about 1.5–3 stars per year.

Fraction of stars with planets

The current best estimate of how many stars have planets (fp), perhaps surprisingly, argues that the fraction may approach 1, suggesting that not only do most stars have planets, every star does.

Fraction of planets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars

A 2013 paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences purported that based on Kepler space mission data, there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of sun-like stars and red-dwarf stars in the Milky Way (Petigura et al, 2013). Considering that there are an estimated 100 billion stars in our galaxy, this implies that the fraction of planets in the habitable zone of sun-like stars (ne) is equal to 0.4.

Fraction of habitable planets that develop life

Considering no other planet than Earth have as of yet shown signs of life, estimations of the fraction of habitable planets that go on to develop life (fl) are speculative at best. If signs of life were to be found on e.g. Mars, Europa or Titan (which developed independently of life on earth), it could imply a value of fl approaching 1.

Fraction of habituated planets that develop intelligent life

Estimations of the fraction of habituated planets that go on to develop not only life, but intelligent life (fi), expectedly, varies widely. Among those who argue for low values, it is pointed out that among the billions of species on earth, only one (that we know of) has become intelligent, and so 1 divided by billions appears to argue for a small fraction. Among those who argue for high values, it is commonly pointed out that as the complexity of life increases over time, intelligence appears almost inevitable, given long enough time (Bonner, 1988).

Fraction of habituated planets with intelligent life that send signals into space

The motivation and incentives for the discovery of the usefulness of electromagnetic waves for the purposes of long-distance communications appear strong enough to argue for the inevitability of a fraction of intelligent civilizations eventually emitting signals into space (fc), revealing their existence. This would argue for a high fraction. Arguments for a low fraction vary widely from those who claim that civilizations broadcast detectable radio signals only for a brief period of time before superior technology takes over, to those who argue that civilizations tend to isolate themselves. Either estimate of course, varies widely and is essentially purely speculative.

Lifetime of an intelligent, communicative civilization

Although we do have empirical data to support estimations of the final factor, how long an intelligent, communicative civilization stays communicating (L), we lack an ability to extrapolate this data to other planets. Shermer (2002) argues that there have been 60 such civilizations thus far on earth (going back to Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Ancient Egypt and Greece, the Roman Empire, Chinese, Japanese, African, Indian and South American dynasties, and including six modern states of Europe and America) which survived a total of 25,234 years, giving an estimated average lifetime of an intelligent, communicative civilization to be L = 420.6 years. Others have added that at a certain level of complexity, civilizations overcome threats to their existence and go on forever. It has also been noted that as more civilizations arise and are extinct, future civilizations become increasingly sophisticated by learning from history.

A modern estimation

Inputing the estimates found above and using fractions of 0.5 where there is no data to rely on, we obtain:

Suggesting, somewhat nonsensically, that there are approximately 46 extra terrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way currently capable of communicating with earth.

Relationship to the Fermi paradox

The Drake equation has a relationship with the famous Fermi paradox which argues that there exists a contradiction between:

1. The lack of empirical evidence of extraterrestrial civilizations; and
2. The high estimates of the probability of extraterrestrial life (such as those arrived at by choosing high values for the factors in the Drake equation);

The argument for the paradox was formalized by Michael H. Hart in 1975, but bears Fermi’s name due to a well-known conversation about recent UFO reports between Enrico Fermi, Edward Teller, Herbert York and Emil Konopinski at the end of which Fermi supposedly proclaimed “But where is everybody?”.

Hart’s paper Explanation for the Absence of Extraterrestrials on Earth highlights the following axioms for the claim:

• There are billons of other stars in our galaxy that are similar to our sun;
• It is highly probable that some of these stars have Earth-like planets;
• If the earth is typical, some of these planets may have developed intelligent life and interstellar travel;
• Even at the slow velocity of envisioned interstellar travel, one could travel across the Milky Way in a few million years;

Following this reasoning, Hart argues, earth should already have been visited by extra terrestrial aliens or their probes, if they existed.

Howard: Are you not familiar with the Drake equation?
Sheldon: The one that estimates the odds of making contact with extraterrestrials, 
by calculating the product of an increasingly restrictive series of fractional values, 
such as those stars with planets and those planets likely to develop life,
 N = R* × fₚ × nₑ × fₗ × fᵢ × f𝒸 × LHoward: Yeah, that one.

{ https://medium.com/}

Giant black hole at centre of Milky Way exploded ‘recently’ – and blast was felt 200,000 light-years away

Oxford Lecturer: Aliens Are Breeding With Humans to Save Mankind From Climate Change Catastrophe (Video)

It was interesting that while I was researching my next video about Greta Thunberg potentially being a small grey alien I noticed this article from April 26th, 2019 in the UK DailyMail about a Korean instructor from Oxford University saying that aliens are interbreeding with humans all in the name of preserving life on Earth from the catalytic consequences of climate change. He originally presented this lecture in 2012. I refer his discussion on climate change to the recent speech made by another small grey alien named Greta who see’s Earth’s demise in the next ten plus years. This is further proof of the mainstream media pushing the fear factor of global climate crisis and using The Alien Agenda to further push this fall narrative.

I want to share this comment with you as I gave it a thumbs up in the comment section on dailymail.co.uk From reader Arthur Frayn_Vortex_United Kingdom: ‘This is part of an intense controlled media propaganda campaign, otherwise it wouldn’t be disseminated in the controlled media. The Elite want to turn the masses into perfect slaves, engineering people for docility. They will take the fight out of us by C.astration, turning us into “Gender Neutral” child like people. How to get the masses to accept the unacceptable? Portray it as evolving with the help of fictional higher beings. This is why the Aliens they’ve convinced the masses are real through Sci-Fi, the so called Grey pictured here in the “News” media, are always portrayed as Gender Neutral human figures. A consistent message. Gender will be portrayed as the cause of conflict, two sides make a conflict they’ll say, and this leads to war and all discord. Only “Neutrality” they’ll claim will bring “Balance”. It won’t be optional, it’ll be forced on us. They’ll claim the Alien Threat will destroy us otherwise. Of course the Elite and their minions will remain undomesticated.’ Now I see why they are trying to show us (subliminally) that Greta is a ‘neutral gender’ Little Grey Alien. See you on my next video. Mark @GlobalAgenda

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

The Elites Human Slavery Experiment, Artificial Intelligence and the Endgame via Nick Redfern

I had the honor and priviledge to be able to sit down with Nick Redfern and interview him in person for the second time! This was a 2 part discussion starting off with big brother, propaganda, artificial intelligence and mind control. We end with part 2 connecting the dots of the first part with the UFOs, and the Artificial Alien Threat.

PART 1 Elite Bloodlines Illuminati New World Order Orchestrated Events Big Brother the Orwellian Society Surveillance through Social Media Propaganda through Television and Mainstream Media Mind Control and Dumbing Down the Masses GMOs in Food and Pharmaceutical Drugs as a Weapon for the Elite Black Budget Operations and Programs Artificial Intelligence Virtual Reality Technology is great but can easily be abused Post 9/11 World DARPA and Microchip Implants Low Frequency Weapon Georgia Guide Stones Depopulation Agendas

PART 2 CONNECTING THE DOTS WITH PART 1 Ronald Reagans Alien Threat Speech Project Bluebeam and the Fake Alien Threat Advanced Holographic Technologies Bob Lazar, Area 51, and Alien Technologies Black Triangle UFO’s Fabricated Events The Orchestration of the Second Coming of Christ Are Governments of the World working alongside ET’s Project Serpo and Eisenhower Disinformation Dulce Underground Wars Phil Schneider Are ET’s traveling here? Are they already here possibly underground or hollow earth? Underground Top Secret Facilities Underground Submersive Objects

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Giant Disk UFO Seen Near Our Sun In NASA Photo Taken Oct 6, 2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 6, 2019

Source: 

• https://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov//data/REPROCESSING/Completed/2019/c2/20191006/20191006_1812_c2_1024.jpg

I found this disk shaped craft in a SOHO/NASA photo today. Its dated Oct 6th, so its one of the newest out. This UFO is huge, moon size and has a raised upper and lower center hump on it, much like the classic disks seen in the 1950s. UFOs near the sun appear daily, yes I said that right. I would estimate that hundreds of UFOs if not more appear near our sun daily. The real question is why? Only two possible answers: 

• 1: They are gathering some energy or rare energy substances. 
• 2: They are using the center of the sun for their planets and a mini solar system. Much like a Dyson sphere. 

Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Dark Ring UFO Seen Over Neighborhood In Colombia, Oct 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 4, 2019
Location of sighting: Cienaga, Colombia

This woman noticed a dark ring UFO moving slowly through the clouds above her. She grabbed this quick video which shows the object moving in and out of the clouds. 

This is not the first time a UFO ring report has come in. On September, 1957, Private Stone was stationed at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. He was assigned to the Post Engineers. It was about 9 AM while he was working inside buildings in the Post Engineer section, when someone yelled to him and others to come outside to see the odd thing coming over head towards their area. Stone and five or six others ran out and spotted an odd, black ring, moving slowly, high above the tree tops but below the broken cloud cover. The ring seems solid enough, not a smoke ring and Private Stone guessed the size of the ring to be about 60 feet in diameter, with the ring width about five or 6 feet. (This was a guess, possibly incorrect.) Private Stone remembered his Kodak Brownie camera which was in his car. He ran over to the car, which was parked nearby, grabbed the camera and took six pictures in fairly rapid sequence. After the second picture was taken, the strange ring started to develop a mist around itself. The mist thickened rapidly until it was more like a small cloud and within 30 to 60 seconds the Black ring was completely enveloped within a small compact cloud of its own.
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

other videos - peter2011

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Mystery object likened to Death Star filmed hovering over New York City

The strange object supposedly changed colour as it emerged in the night sky

By Simon Green Video News Editor

Baffling footage of a circular object in the sky above New York City has been likened to the Death Star from Star Wars by stunned conspiracy theorists.

The video begins with the view of the famous skyline of the city in New York, US.

A bright light then comes into shot above the buildings, as cameraman Mauricio Lopez voices his thoughts.

"I've got something in the sky, a blinking red light," he says.

"I believe in UFOs and I think I've got one right now."

READ MORE

• Google Maps cover-up claims after figure ‘airbrushed’ out of moon’s surface

When he zooms in, the object appears to have terrain on its surface – shown by the dark and light colours.

It also seems to have a black line striking through it, sparking the viewer to claim: "This is not a star, either."

The object appears to then change colour from white to red and at one point even seems to vanish from view before reappearing.

Mauricio posted the footage to YouTube on September 25 with the caption: "UFO over New York City".

It has since gone viral after being picked up by renowned UFO channel Mavi 77.

"It looks like the Death Star out of Star Wars," one viewer wrote.

The Death Star refers to the moon-sized space station built by the Empire in Star Wars: A New Hope, Star Wars: Revenge of the Sith and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.

In the popular franchise, it was able to destroy an entire planet with its laser beam.

Another user suggested it was "another planet", which a third agreed with.

"It is just an out of focus star, Venus perhaps," they added.

The footage comes after a series of snake-like UFOs were filmed across the US in recent months.

Daily Star Online recently revealed how the mystery "craft" appeared to have returned to the location of its first sighting above the Mojave Desert.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

Pilot Who Chased UFO Reveals A Lot More Of The Story

JAZZ SHAW

{ https://hotair.com/ }

NASA HEEFT BELANGSTELLING VOOR DIMENSIEPORTALEN  ( VIDEO )

Ze zien er dikwijls uit als dreigende onweersluchten, donkere wolken met heen en weer schietende bliksemflitsen.

Vaak ontbreekt het donderen van een echte onweersbui en schieten ufo’s in en uit de wolk.

Wat dit fenomeen precies is weet eigenlijk niemand. Wij noemen ze dimensieportalen omdat het lijkt alsof ufo’s dit soort vreemde wolkenformaties gebruiken als portalen van de ene naar de andere dimensie.

We schrijven al heel lang over dit soort verschijnselen, waarover later meer, maar eerst een waarneming van dit jaar die plaatsvond boven Thailand.

Een bizarre rood-achtige wolk vol met bliksemschichten waar eveneens een aantal ufo’s zichtbaar zijn zoals te zien op de volgende afbeeldingen.

De opname is gemaakt door de 53-jarige Engelse toerist Darren Blakeley die het gebeuren omschreef als iets uit de serie The Avengers.

Het voorval vond plaats in Laguna, Phuket, en voorbijgangers stonden met open mond te gapen naar het vreemde verschijnsel in de lucht.

Weer hetzelfde verschijnsel zoals we dat al vaker hebben omschreven: een verder helemaal heldere lucht met een vreemde wolk, vol met bliksemschichten en ufo’s die in- en uitvliegen.

Enkele jaren geleden bracht ook Secureteam een video met daarin opnames die veel lijken op een dergelijk dimensieportaal.

Volgens een artikel op Mysterious Universe heeft zich ook iets dergelijks voor gedaan nabij de Spaanse stad Alicante en heeft zelfs NASA belangstelling getoond voor die bepaalde opname. Ook daar een onweerswolk vol met bliksemschichten en een ufo die tevoorschijn komt.

Hierbij de originele video opname uit Alicante en wie zelf de ufo niet ziet die tevoorschijn komt, kan hier kijken.


Voor de volledigheid hierna nog een aantal vergelijkbare voorbeelden uit eerdere artikelen. Tot nu toe heeft niemand nog een andere verklaring kunnen geven, dus voorlopig blijven het wat ons betreft dimensieportalen.

De opname is gemaakt bij de Zárate-Brazo Largo brug die aan de rand van de Argentijnse stad Buenos Aires ligt.

Al jaren schrijven wij nu over vreemde wolken die niet thuis horen in een bepaald landschap. Onderstaand een dergelijke wolk. Wat ook iedere keer weer kenmerkend is, zijn de bliksemflitsen in de wolk. Alsof je een grote onweerswolk hebt, maar dat eigenlijk niet is.

In de korte video zie je diverse UFO’s ronddartelen waarvan er een aantal met enorme snelheid verdwijnen in de wolk.

Na ongeveer zes seconden zie je er zo één linksboven in beeld verschijnen zoals ook te zien is op de volgende afbeelding.

En wanneer zo’n UFO de wolk in vliegt, ontstaat er op diezelfde plek een bliksemschicht. Wanneer je goed kijkt, dan zie je dat diverse keren gebeuren in die korte video.

De volgende opname is uniek, omdat het ook een bevestiging is van wat verschillende getuigen hebben gezien en van eerder gemaakte en vergelijkbare beelden.

Hierna een voorbeeld van hetzelfde fenomeen door de ogen van een getuige en eveneens een bijzondere opname uit Mexico.

Als eerste een getuigenis van een dame die wij ontvingen in november 2014:

"Het is dinsdagavond 7 oktober en om 20.30 stap ik op de fiets vanuit Lytse Geast,(een dorpje een kleine tien kilometer ten zuid-oosten van Leeuwarden).

Mijn weg voert door de weilanden over een afgelegen pad en als het even kan zorg ik er voor dat ik niet in mijn eentje in het donker nog op pad ben. Vandaag ben ik al te laat en de laatste schemering gaat al over in duister.

Ik ben nog maar net buiten, of het begint te regenen en hard te waaien. Schuin voor me zie ik een paar flitsen, en het rommelt in de verte, precies tussen mij en Leeuwarden, waar ik naar op weg ben. Onweer dus, ook dat nog.

Voor me is een brede, langgerekte, vrij laag hangende wolk. Dat is waar ik de hemel op zie lichten. Er komen witte bollen uit de wolk. Twee gaan naar links en twee gaan naar rechts. De afstand van de ene bol tot de andere blijft steeds gelijk, alsof ze met een touwtje aan elkaar vast zitten. Ze bewegen langzaam.

Ik weet niet, wat het is, dat ik zie... zijn dit vliegtuigen? van de basis? En waarom zijn die geïnteresseerd in een onweerswolk? Ja, het zijn vast vliegtuigen. Het licht pulseert ook, zoals bij een vliegtuig. Flits aan, flits uit. Ja maar, bij een vliegtuig zie je dan altijd ook een rood licht aan en uit flitsen. dat is hier niet. Alleen wit. Melkwit.

De twee bollen rechts zijn verdwenen, die van links zijn opeens weer terug boven de wolk. Verbeeld ik me nu dat ze sneller pulseren dan zo net? Nee, dat verbeeld ik me niet. Het lijken wel sterren en het licht is niet meer zozeer wit, als wel koud. Zoals bij sterretjes voor kleine kinderen. Het zijn nu dus geen witte bollen meer, maar steeds sneller aan- en uit flitsende 'sterren'.

Dan zijn ze weg. Een paar minuten is er niks meer te zien en dan opeens zijn er wel twintig. Allemaal onder, boven, naast of uit de wolk. En allemaal flitsen ze aan en uit, nu in een heel hoog tempo. In een ijzig wit licht dat zo fel is dat het mij verblindt. Je zou zeggen dat ze er plezier aan beleven, zoals ze om en door de wolk heen duiken. Er in, er uit, om de wolk heen, achter elkaar aan... Net zo plotseling als ze verschenen zijn ze nu weer weg.

En komen niet meer terug. En ik ben bijna bij de eerste huizen van de stad. Het regent niet meer en de wind gaat ook liggen. Hoe lang dit al met al geduurd heeft? Twintig minuten à hooguit een half uur. Ik kan me niet voorstellen, dat er niet meer mensen geweest zijn die dit gezien hebben. Er was echt een hele lichtshow in de lucht.

Wat me achteraf ook nog wel frappeert, is dat er eigenlijk alleen die ene enorm grote wolk was, verder was er vrijwel geen bewolking.

Kan iemand mij vertellen wat ik gezien heb?"

En de volgende opname, eveneens gemaakt in november 2014, en dit keer in Mexico:

{ http://niburu.co/ }

Triangle UFO Filmed by Florida Cop! Hit With Cruiser Spotlight!

One in a million recording of what is most likely a military TR3B antigravity craft flying silently over a neighborhood at treetop level in Clearwater florida!   Cop sees a trianglar craft and shines his spotlight on it!  It’s recorded on his cruiser video system.  He records it on his cell phone before it’s deleted.  You can see this craft is completely black and quite large and is moving very slowly over the neighborhood.

Here’s the police officer’s statement posted on a blog.

“i am a law enforcment officer for a police agency in florida. while i was dispatched to a call 10/4/19 at 117 am in regards to suspicious person, upon arrival i noticed a completely back triangular shape craft with no lights about 40 feet above the ground traveling about 35 mph in a southerly direction. the craft had no sound. as the craft came into the line of sight of my cruiser it passed behind some trees and i saw a clearing of trees ahead and it was going in that direction. i shined my spotlight and illuminated part of the craft as it passed between the trees. the craft continued on and i had arrived on the scene of a call so i could not follow. later after finishing the call i reviewed the dash cam video of the time i arrived and saw the object. the video cameras record constantly and are save temporarily to a cache. unless selected they are dumped and not saved to hard drive. after reviewing the video i could see the incident and part of the craft as it passed between the trees on film. i recorded the playback on my phone from the in-car camera of the cruiser. the upper left corner is a retangular blur which had my personal identification number and i removed it for anonimity.”

• https://ufostalker.com/sighting/103801

This TR-3B or whatever this thing was do not fly around in the daytime where people can see them.  The chances of it being seen in the middle of the night are very small.  This cop was very lucky to be at the right place at the right time to get this on video.  No doubt about it, there is a black object flying over this neighborhood and it’s not an airplane or helicopter that’s for sure.

Two people in my own family saw something very similar back about 1984.  This object flew directly over our house at dusk on the outskirts of Anchorage Alaska.  Unfortunately I was away at college or would have seen it too!  It was reported in the Anchorage newspaper the next day.  My family members said it was black, triangular and as big as a 747 jet but flew over our house without a sound and at only about 40 miles per hour.  

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Jericho - The First City on Earth? Ancient History Documentary

Jericho – The First City on Earth? // Ancient History Documentary

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Jericho is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. It is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. It is the administrative seat of the Jericho Governorate, and is governed by the Palestinian National Authority. In 2007, it had a population of 18,346.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }