Top 15 Secrets of Frederick Valentich Missing Case

On October 21, 1978, an Australian pilot named Frederick Valentich went missing over Bass Strait while on a training flight. Till date, neither his nor his aircraft’s remains have been found. There are different theories related to his disappearance. Know about the top 15 secrets related to the case of disappearance of Valentich.

(1) Valentich’s last radio transmissions mentioned of a “green light”, and some locals also found a green light moving erratically in the sky.

(2) Before his disappearance, he informed the Melbourne air traffic control that he was being accompanied by a flying object around 300 m above him, and that it was not an aircraft.

(3) There are speculations by UFOlogists that it was aliens who destroyed his spacecraft and possibly even abducted him, basing their supposition on the green light that was seen during Valentich’s disappearance and his final radio transmission.

(4) On the night he vanished, there were belated reports about a UFO having been spotted in Australia.

(5) Could he have dived into water and committed suicide? That is unlike him, and colleagues and doctors who knew Frederick rule out this possibility.

(6) The air traffic controller, Steve Robey, whom Frederick spoke to on the night of his disappearance, say that he sounded genuine and perfectly normal on the radio.

(7) Although he was a moderately experienced pilot, Valentich has a few flight incidents behind him and his flying style was often erratic. But even if he crashed somewhere, why had his remains not been found?

(8) Did Frederick’s paranoia about UFOs come true for him? Guido Valentich, his father, reported that his son seriously believed in UFOs and also worried about being killed by extra terrestrials with UFOs.

(9) During the last radio contact, Frederick said that a flying object with a shiny, metallic exterior and having a green light and 4 bright landing lights was orbiting above him. The last sound that radio officials could hear was the scraping of metal.

(10) 5 days after his mysterious vanishing, a light aircraft pilot reported of a very bright light passing by 3 times at the speed of jet, even forcing him to land.

(11) All attempts of the Australian Department of Transport came to nothing. But 5 years later, an engine cowl flap was found on Flinders Island that came from a similar aircraft as Frederick and its serial numbers were in a similar range.

(12) An anonymous farmer claimed that he saw a 30-meter long aircraft hovering above his farm the morning following Frederick’s disappearance. The Victorian UFO Group tried very hard to contact him but could not find any information about him.

(13) Valentich’s case is open even today, and his mysterious disappearance continues to hunt conspiracy theorists and UFOlogists in Australia.

(14) Frederick’s family has erected a memorial for him at the same spot he vanished from, and visits it annually on every anniversary of his disappearance.

(15) His case was widely discussed when flight Malaysia MH370 search disappeared in a similar way, which is untraceable even today.

{ http://www.science-rumors.com/ }

20 Facts about the Wow! Signal from Space to Know What is It

When the world was divided into two, debating about the possibilities of the existence of extraterrestrial life, the news of the Wow! Signal from the space rejuvenated the enthusiasm of the believers of existence of ET life in outer space. Many people believed that the signal was sent by aliens trying to establish contact with earthlings. Here are 20 facts about the Wow! Signal from space that will help you understand what it as actually.

(1) The Wow! Signal was received by the Big Ear radio telescope at the observatory of Ohio State University.

(2) The signal was received on 15^th August 1977.

(3) Big Ear radio observatory was the only system on the planet that received the signal.

(4) The signal was first noticed by 37 year old volunteer researcher Jerry Ehman who worked at the Ohio State University.

(5) As Ehman was taking a look on the data sheet he noticed a vertical sequence of alpha numeric figures that was much different than the regular 1s and2s that filled the sheet.

(6) The total duration of the Wow! Signal was just 72 seconds.

(7) The vertical sequence read ‘6EQUJ5’.

(8) Amazed by the unexpected sequence amidst the regular radio signals, Ehman wrote the letters ‘Wow’ with an exclamation mark. He wrote this with a red pen to mark the importance of the whole thing. This is how the signal earned the name ‘Wow! Signal’.

(9) The intensity of radio signals that are received by the scientist are measured from a scale of 1 to 9. Signal with intensity 1.0 is denoted by 1 and signals of intensity equal to or more than 10.0 are denoted by letters A to U. A would represent signals of intensity between 10 and 11; B would represent signals of intensity between 11 and 12 and so on.

(10) If you have understood the representation of signal intensity, you would understand this better now. The Wow! Signal had four letters E, Q, U and J which are supposedly signals of very high intensities!

(11) The intensity of the Wow! Signal was about 30 times higher than the average ambient noise of the outer deep space.

(12) The frequency of the Wow! Signal was very close to that of hydrogen, which goes hand in gloves with the hypothesis of Cocconi and Morrison.

(13) The frequency of the Wow! Signal was about 1420.456 MHz

(14) Usually, the radio signals that emanate out other extraterrestrial bodies have a frequency range which is much broader than the frequency range of the Wow! Signal.

(15) After the source of the signal was tracked back, it was found to have been originated from northwestern part of the Sagittarius constellation’s M55 globular cluster.

(16) The probable point of origin from where the signal was believed to have been originated does not have any planets or stars. The evident question that comes out of this is then who had sent the signal?

(17) The probable point of origin of the Wow! Signal was 220 million light years away from the Earth.

(18) The signal was received once. Even after multiple attempts scientists failed to receive a signal similar to the Wow! Signal. This gave birth to the apprehension that if an alien was actually trying to communicate with earth, why would they give up after just one attempt?

(19) Scientists do confirm that looking at the transmission time along with the intensity graphs, it is confirmed that the origin of the Wow! Signal lies somewhere in the outer space only.

(20) Before Big Ear radio telescope was dismantled in 1997, scientists carried out extended research to receive signals similar to the Wow! Signal, but they failed to receive even one signal that matched the one received by Ehmar in 1977.

{ http://www.science-rumors.com/ }

20 Mystery Facts about Billy Meier Predictions

Billy Meier, for his surprising predictions has been always one of the most debated and controversial characters in the  modern history of Human civilization. Some of the predictions from this Swiss came true, while others did not. However, you cannot overrule the mystery in his predictions, if you are to believe that he made such predictions, with the help of some extraterrestrial creatures and the UFOs, as he claimed.

Strange Facts about the predictions of Billy Meier

(1) It was Billy Meier, first predicted the Iraq war. It seems to surprise people at how he got the indication of such events.

(2) Billy Meier once stated that AIDS would spread across the world at a rate that will resemble an epidemic. Standing in today’s time, this prediction has come absolutely correct

(3) About almost 50 years ago, Billy was instrumental to predict the devastating effect of global warming. It was made in a time when the slightest clue was not available in this regard.

(4) At a time when there were no issues with the ecological balance, Billy voiced the prediction that the world in heading towards such challenges.

(5) One of his prophecies hinted about the outbreak of the 3^rd World War.

(6) It is a mystery as how Billy was successful to predict overpopulation of the planet in the near future,

(7) Billy predicted the chances for a Civil War to break out in the United States of America.

(8) If Billy’s prophecies are to be believed, the sovereign US will split into several new nations, as the result of the Civil war.

(9) Billy’s prediction had references to militant activities on pleas of religion to attack the US.

(10) The idiotic act of mankind is paving the way for the extinction of the human civilization.

(11) The future of mankind is in danger as consequences of their own acts.

(12) Billy predicted that the entire world would collapse due to a devastating global fire.

(13) His prophecies correctly predicted the rise of terrorism across the globe in the 21^st

(14) Hundreds of atom-sun was predicted to break out, resulting in complete extinction of Germany and several of her neighboring nations.

(15) Billy was instrumental to predict a sharp fall in the values and humanitarian approaches in mankind.

(16) A civil war is expected to demolish Canada in the 21^st

(17) Billy predicted that somewhere in the middle of the 21^st century, the USA and various other Europen countries would experience a sharp drop in the quality of life and lifestyle.

(18) Billy claimed that all these predictions came from his foresight, assisted by the UFOS and the extraterrestrial creatures.

(19) Some people hold the notion that these predictions are the results of his success in time travel.

(20) Billy was never able to produce any evidence in favor of his claims, however, many of his predictions actually came true.

{ http://www.science-rumors.com/ }

Billy Meier UFO Contacts, the Predictions Are Accurate and Immensely Important

COAST TO COAST AM – Michael Horn, spokesperson for famed UFO contactee Billy Meier, addressed how recent developments in Europe were specifically predicted by Meier as far back as 1958. Horn declared that if the Meier claims of ET contact are real, it would be “the most important thing in human history.”

Horn continued with a litany of testimonials he says he has received from professionals who have checked on the Meier films, prophecies, and other material, and declared them genuine. He recounted his interaction with a former Air Force investigator who says he looked carefully into Meier’s personal history and claims and found them to be entirely true.

He (and others, such as special effects experts) Horn says, believe that photos of UFOs taken in the 1960s by Meier would have been impossible to fake at that time.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

NASA gears up Mars rover for perfect 20/20 ‘SuperCam’ vision ahead of mission to red planet

NASA engineers are busy preparing the agency’s next Mars rover for its upcoming journey to the red planet. The six-wheeled robot will scour the Martian surface to look for signs of life. Deemed essential by NASA’s administrator, the mission is progressing as planned in order to meet a July launch.

The Perseverance Mars rover will land on Mars in February 2021, touching down in an ancient river bed called Jezero Crater. The 28-mile-wide crater is the site of an ancient river delta, and as such, scientists believe it could harbor fossilized life. That’s because the region is home to mineral deposits like hydrated silica, which is a preservative material here on Earth.

To help it search out key mineral deposits, the rover is packing a suite of scientific instruments, including some specialized cameras. The rover was built at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California but was shipped to its Florida launch site earlier this year.

Since its arrival, engineers have begun reassembling the rover and preparing it for flight. It will not be flying solo to the red planet, but instead, will be accompanied by the first interplanetary helicopter. Approximately the size of a softball, the Mars helicopter has passed pre-launch testing and was recently installed on the belly of the rover.

The rover, however, still has a few more milestones to complete before its ready to be tucked into its aeroshell and loaded into the launch vehicle. To that end, the rover recently had its vision tested.

Perseverance is packing multiple cameras that have a range of imaging capabilities from wide-angle cameras capable of capturing sweeping vistas to a narrow-angle, high-resolution camera capable of zooming in on details on the Martian surface.

The rover will use the SuperCam (along with its laser and spectrometers) to examine Martian rocks and soil, looking for organic compounds that could indicate past life on Mars.

So how does one test a rover’s vision? With a giant grid of dots.

The rover’s vision was first tested back in July 2019 at the Jet Propulsion Lab and then rechecked once the cameras were installed at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The rover’s main camera, called the SuperCam, is installed on the rover’s head. It appears as a large circular opening, and this is the lens. Underneath it are two grey boxes that are two Mastcam-Z-imagers, and on the outside of those boxes are two more cameras used for navigation.

“We completed the machine-vision calibration of the forward-facing cameras on the rover,” Justin Maki, chief engineer for imaging and the imaging scientist for Mars 2020 at JPL, said during the test. “This measurement is critical for accurate stereo vision, which is an important capability of the vehicle.”

To calibrate the imagers, target boards that feature grids of dots were imaged and placed at distances ranging from 1 to 44 yards (1 to 40 meters) away. Those boards were used to confirm that the cameras meet the project’s requirements for resolution and geometric accuracy.

“We tested every camera on the front of the rover chassis and also those mounted on the mast,” Maki said. “Characterizing the geometric alignment of all these images is important for driving the vehicle on Mars, operating the robotic arm, and accurately targeting the rover’s laser.”

But the work isn’t done yet, the imagers on Perseverance’s body and arm will happen in the coming weeks.

• The post NASA gears up Mars rover for perfect 20/20 ‘SuperCam’ vision ahead of mission to red planet appeared first on TESLARATI.

Source: 

• https://www.teslarati.com/nasa-perseverance-mars-rover-supercam-vision/

{  https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Solar Winds Hitting Earth Are Hotter Than They Should Be–Here’s Why

Our planet is constantly bathed in the winds coming off the blistering sphere at the center of our Solar System.

But even though the Sun itself is so ridiculously hot, once the solar winds reach Earth, they are hotter than they should be – and we might finally know why.

We know that particles making up the plasma of the Sun’s heliosphere cool as they spread out. The problem is that they seem to take their sweet time doing so, dropping in temperature far slower than models predict.

“People have been studying the solar wind since its discovery in 1959, but there are many important properties of this plasma which are still not well understood,” says physicist Stas Boldyrev from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

“Initially, researchers thought the solar wind has to cool down very rapidly as it expands from the Sun, but satellite measurements show that as it reaches the Earth, its temperature is 10 times larger than expected.”

The research team used laboratory equipment to study moving plasma, and now think the answer to the problem lies in a trapped sea of electrons that just can’t seem to escape the Sun’s grip.

The expansion process itself has long been assumed to be subject to adiabatic laws, a term that simply means heat energy isn’t added or removed from a system.

This keeps the numbers nice and simple but assumes there aren’t places where energy slips in or out of the flow of particles.

Unfortunately, an electron’s journey is anything but simple, shoved around at the mercy of vast magnetic fields like a roller coaster from Hell. This chaos leaves plenty of opportunities for heat to be passed back and forth.

Just to complicate matters further, thanks to its tiny mass, electrons get a good head start over heavier ions as they shoot forth from the Sun’s atmosphere, leaving a largely positive cloud of particles in their wake.

Eventually, the growing attraction between the two opposing charges takes over the inertia of those flying electrons, pulling them back to the starting line where magnetic fields once again play havoc with their paths.

“Such returning electrons are reflected so that they stream away from the Sun, but again they cannot escape because of the attractive electric force of the Sun,” says Boldyrev.

“So, their destiny is to bounce back and forth, creating a large population of so-called trapped electrons.”

Boldyrev and his crew recognized a similar game of electron ping-pong playing out in their own laboratory, inside an apparatus commonly used to study plasma called a mirror machine.

Mirror machines don’t actually contain any mirrors. At least, not the familiar shiny kind. Also known as magnetic mirrors or magnetic traps, these linear fusion devices are little more than long tubes with a bottle-neck at either end.

Their reflective nature is created as streams of plasma passing through the bottle pinch in at either end, altering the surrounding magnetic fields in such a way that particles within the stream reflect back inside again.

“But some particles can escape, and when they do, they stream along expanding magnetic field lines outside the bottle,” Boldyrev says.

“Because the physicists want to keep this plasma very hot, they want to figure out how the temperature of the electrons that escape the bottle declines outside this opening.”

Or if you’re Boldyrev and his team, those leaking electrons can be studied to better understand what’s happening with our very own solar wind.

He and his colleagues suggest the population of trapped electrons that yo-yo back and forth play a major role in the way electrons distribute their heat energy, changing the typical distributions of particle velocities and temperatures in predictable ways.

“It turns out that our results agree very well with measurements of the temperature profile of the solar wind and they may explain why the electron temperature declines with the distance so slowly,” says Boldyrev.

Finding such a good match between the mirror machine’s figures and what we see in space suggests there could be other solar phenomena worth studying this way.

• This research was published in PNAS.

h/t David M.

Read more at Science Alert

Source: 

• https://climatechangedispatch.com/solar-winds-hitting-earth-are-hotter-than-they-should-be-heres-why/

{  https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Is Bill Gates Responsible For The Coronavirus Being Spread? UFO Sighting News. #Health

Hey everyone, let me take a break from UFO and aliens today and talk about something that in plaguing the world...coronavirus. 

I first became concerned that something was not right on March 13th, 2020 when Bill Gates stepped down from Microsoft...his baby. This was the very week that American news began to panic as the coronavirus began infecting large numbers of Americans.  Nothing but an apocalypse could pull this man away from his child...Microsoft. I didn't understand at the time...but I began to link the patterns between Bill and coronavirus. I feel the evidence points to Bill Gates stepping down because he feel responsible for this virus.

I did some investigating and Bill Gates owns a laboratory, controlled and owned by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Back in 2000 his foundation became the worlds biggest foundation in the world holding over 46.8 billion dollars in assets...including some laboratories. 

His laboratory has a patent on coronavirus...the very virus circulating around the world population at this very moment. I believe that the virus came out of this laboratory and into the hands of the Chinese. 

How? One of three possibilities:

1. It was stolen by an Chinese scientist working for Gates and taken  to or shipped to China. 
2. It was sent by Gates to China to have others work on it to help create a map and possible cures for future epidemics.
3. The virus was created by China in Wuhan...and they followed Bill Gates exact steps and process he lays out in his highly detailed lectures in 2015 at John Hopkins. Bill says how dangerous of a weapon that coronavirus could be...and maybe China wanted to harness its power. 

So...you see, Bill Gates himself is responsible for this coronavirus that is killing hundreds of thousands of innocent lives. Although he stepped up back in 2015 to warn the world...in one way or another...he instead caused it to take place. 

And I leave with a quote by Bill Gates; "To win big, you sometimes have to take big risks."

Watch his lectures below...and decide for yourself. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Bill Gates Talks Coronavirus on TED April 2015. 

Bill Gates Tells You His Worst Fear...Says 50% Chance of Epidemic In His Lifetime. 

Millions Could Die From Bio-Terrorism, Gates Feb 2017

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

UFOs forming triangular shape over Michigan 19-Apr-2020

These orbs were recorded above Harrison Township, Michigan, just near Lake St Clair on 19th April 2020.

Witness report: 

Orbs flashing and appearing in the western sky approximately 9 were seen. My brother in law recorded this on 04/19/20 at approximately 9:30pm facing west from his home in Harrison township, Michigan. He stated there were approximately 9 orb type lights in the sky appearing and disappearing. They appeared to be moving in a northern direction. No navigation lights ( red and green) were seen, no sounds were heard.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Black triangle photographed over Kissimmee, Florida

Today we found this great photo of a BLACK triangle-shaped craft that was recorded in the sky above central Florida in United states back in April 2019 (19th) and it was just uploaded to MUFON website today.

Witness that uploaded this photo said the following statement that you can read below

What do you think this is? Do you think this is a military project called TR-3B that is seen all over the world?

Witness report: 

As I was driving I noticed this black triangle flying in front of me. I only have time to take this picture,because I couldn’t find it again

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Confirmed: Air Force “Men In Black” Were Investigating Luis Elizondo Over UFO Videos

JAZZ SHAW

The new document, obtained from the Air Force Office of Investigations (embedded below), shows that after that New York Times article, AFOSI looked into the classification of the released videos, called “GoFast,” “Gimble,” and “FLIR.” Originally, it found “all three videos were classified” and that, though a declassification request had been made for these videos, it was never granted…

Though his name is redacted, the investigation is clearly focused on Elizondo, who left the Pentagon, spoke to the New York Times, and has since joined DeLonge’s To the Stars Academy. Before leaving his position as an intelligence specialist in the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence’s Office, it was Elizondo who applied for the release of the three UFO videos…

“I did everything I was supposed to do to request the release, and even went above and beyond by also engaging Foreign Disclosure personnel; which I did not have to do by regulation,” Elizondo told Motherboard.

You should click through to read the full AFOSI report for yourself, but the story turns out to be rather convoluted. A few months after the first video went public, AFOSI launched an investigation to see if the videos, which they believed to be classified, had gone through the proper declassification process. We can safely presume that if Elizondo had improperly released classified material they could and likely would have gone after him. But at the conclusion of their investigation, it turned out that the videos were never classified in the first place. They were determined to be “unclassified and for official use only.” So somebody screwed up, but it was almost certainly someone at the Defense Office of Prepublication and Security Review (DOPSR) and not Elizondo.

But wait (as the saying goes), there’s more. The AFOSI report directly contradicts information that we’ve previously received from Pentagon spokesperson Susan Gough. The report specifically identifies Elizondo as having worked on AATIP and adds a flatly stated detail saying that the program “focused research issues on Unidentified Flying Objects.” Both of these details are in direct contradiction to what the Pentagon has told us in the past. But then, virtually everything we’ve learned about AATIP has been cloaked in secrecy from the beginning and we also found out (courtesy of Tim McMillan once again) that they went to extraordinary lengths to prevent the public from ever having access to a lot of this information.

Was this a case of the Pentagon spokeswoman simply not being aware that the Air Force was looking into all of this? Or were they just lying to us? Another nagging question is why it was the Air Force investigating the situation when those were Navy videos, to begin with? As we discussed previously, Elizondo believes that there are still people in the Defense Department with an ax to grind about him taking all of this information public. And that’s the most sensible explanation I can think of.

I remain both hopeful and confident that there are still more shoes to drop in this story. Elizondo has repeatedly said in interviews that he knows and has a lot more information than he’s revealed so far. He can’t just empty the bag, however, because he’s still under multiple nondisclosure agreements and he refuses to violate his oaths. While incredibly frustrating, I can respect that as a former military person myself. But stay tuned. There are cracks showing in this dam, and we may finally get some additional revelations this year.

{ https://hotair.com/ }

UFO Sightings In Religious Art: Part 4 – Utsuro-Bune (Circa 1800)

by Andrew Arnett

With all the UFO related hubbub kicking up as a result of an article published last December by The New York Times regarding the existence of a secret Pentagon UFO study program and, more recently, the release of yet another Pentagon video of a UFO encounter, foreign governments are under increasing scrutiny and pressure from their citizenry to come clean and reveal what, if anything, they know about the UFO phenomenon.

Such is the case in Japan where, on February 27, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s Cabinet issued a statement denying a UFO threat and stating “their existence has not been confirmed” and “we have not made any particular consideration of how to respond should one fly into Japan.” The statement came in response to an inquiry made by Seiji Osaka, a member of the Lower House opposition Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan.

There’s little surprise that the government there has chosen at this time to not lay its UFO evidence out on the table for all to see, if such evidence does exist. This is and has been the M.O. for governments round the world since the UFO flap began in 1947. Nonetheless, the necessity for such a denial speaks volumes regarding ever increasing occurrences of sightings and encounters with UFOs, and the need for governments to quell concerns.

Indeed, the UFO mystery goes way back, in Japanese culture, and is embeded in Japanese folklore itself. We shall, in this article, take a closer look at some such curious cases, starting back at the dawn of the Industrial Age. In Japan, during the early 19th century, a series of unusual paintings appeared, by a variety of artists, from different provinces, which share a similar theme — that of the mystery of Utsuro-bune.

Depicted in all these paintings is a young woman, sometimes seen with red hair but always pale-skinned and beautiful. Nearby sits a spherical object, referred to as the Utsuro-bune (“hollow boat”). Though rendered with some variation by differing artists, this object is invariably round, covered, large enough to fit at least one person, and fitted with panels, or some kind of window opening.

The paintings tell of a legend, and the story goes like this: In the year 1803, there drifted onto the northern beaches of Hitachi province, in modern day Ibaraki prefecture, a large disc shaped object. A group of local fishermen found the object and described it as being made of metal, with crystal windows. Some said the object looked like a large incense burner.

Upon looking into the windows of this unusual ship, the fishermen could see strange symbols written on the walls but, most surprisingly, they discovered a fair skinned beautiful woman inside, wearing a garment made of some unknown fur or fine fabric. When the woman emerged from the ship, they found they could not communicate with her, for she spoke in an unknown language. Nonetheless, the woman appeared friendly enough, though she clutched a mysterious box which she kept to herself.

One version of the story states that the woman stayed on in that province where she landed, and lived to a fine old age. Other versions suggest the fishermen were quite spooked by the appearance of this stranger and thought it best to load her back onto her ship and push her back out to sea, wherein she drifted until landing on other beaches, evoking similar responses of shock and suspicion from locals along the way.

The legend of Utsuro-bune comes to us from a variety of sources, the first one appearing in 1825 in Toen shōsetsu (Tales from the Rabbit Garden) by Kyokutei Bakin. Another version appears in Hyōryū kishū (Diary and Stories of the Castaways) written in 1835 by an unknown author, and in Ume-no-chiri (Dust of the Apricot) by Nagahashi Matajirō in 1844.

It is easy to see the appeal of this story to Ufologists, who find in the spherical Utsuro-bune an object closely resembling a UFO or, more accurately, a USO (Unidentified Submerged Object) as well as the alien-like description of the woman found inside. Another layer of mystery is added by researchers who find similarity between symbols found on Utsuro-bune, as depicted by artists, and those symbols associated with the Roswell incident and the Rendlesham Forest incident.

Perhaps Utsuro-bune was a bonafide extraterrestrial or, maybe, there is a perfectly reasonable terrestrial explanation to the mystery. Whatever the case may be, it is not the only incident of strange UFO encounters handed down to us through Japanese legends, as we shall examine in our next article.

• This story was originally published by Andrew Arnett on April 6, 2018 @ Paranoia Magazine

{ https://arnettfiles.com/ }

There are a shocking amount of strange and unidentified objects flying through our skies. Unfortunately most of these objects are not seen but on April 13, 2020 a resident of Sun City, Arizona saw, in the blink of an eye, several 'black things' while filming cloud formations.

Subsequently, the photographer, started going frame by frame and was shocked to see that he caught one these 'black things' on film.

The object resembling an elongated UAP/UFO must have been supersonic to appear in just only 1 frame. Whatever it may have been, it is unconventional.

The photographer has reported the sighting to Mufon for further investigation.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Two huge asteroids which will fly past Earth on Friday and Saturday at speeds of up to 29,000mph are being watched closely by NASA

By Emma Parker

NASA has detected two asteroids which are headed towards Earth at speeds of up to 29,000mph.

According to NASA’s Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies, one of the approaching objects is an asteroid which will intersect Earth’s path.

The first space rock is expected to visit our planet’s path on Friday and is called 2020 GR2.

2020 GR2 is currently travelling across space at a speed of almost 10,000mph and is believed to be 102ft tall.

The asteroid is an Apollo asteroid as it follows a wide orbit around the Sun.

It will not intersect Earth’s orbit this time, but it does flies close to our planet during some visits.

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According to NASA, 2020 GR2 make its near-Earth approach on April 17 at 6.57pm BST.

The asteroid will be about 0.03188 astronomical units from the planet’s centre, which is equivalent to almost 3 million miles away.

It is not expected to return to Earth’s vicinity until February 21, 2080, after this pass.

Trailing behind 2020 GR2 is an asteroid known as 2020 GT2, which is much larger and fast than 2020 GR2.

NASA Estimated that 2020 GT2 measures about 177ft tall and it is expected to fly past Earth at a speed of over 29,000mph.

2020 GT2 follows an elongated orbit that extends beyond the path of Mars.

The asteroid is known to intersect Earth’s path as it goes around the Sun and is classified by NASA as an Apollo asteroid.

According to NASA, 2020 GT is expected to intersect Earth on April 17 at 1.07am on Saturday morning.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/  }

SOCIAL media has been flooded with reports of UFOs appearing over Cincinnati, as baffling footage appears to show lights vanishing and reappearing.

By Katy Gill Video News Reporter

Shocked witnesses Laina and Angie captured the bizarre sighting in the skies above the city in Ohio, US, on August 3.

The clip begins with for bright objects moving in a line across the grey clouds.

But, one-by-one, they start to vanish from sight.

"They're gone, I just don't know," one of the camerawomen says as the objects then re-appear.

A fifth light then emerges on the left-hand side of the screen.

YouTube conspiracist MrMBB333 who uploaded the clip and said: “They didn’t go behind the clouds, they were in front of the clouds.

“Something comes in from the left, they appear to be in a straight row and at a slight angle.”

When the conspiracist switches the light formats, he claims the footage shows the planes turning “invisible”.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/  }

The Case for Past Life on Mars Gets Stronger

But how much evidence is needed until we can say there’s proof?

In a new paper published in the International Journal of Astrobiology, Vincenzo Rizzo from the National Research Center in Cosenza, Italy, asks a provocative question: Why are many scientists reluctant to accept the use of geological methods to identify biological processes on Mars, when those methods are commonly used on Earth?

He points to a case in Germany from 1908, when a scientist by the name of Ernst Kalkowsky proposed that layered mounds, columns, and sheet-like sedimentary rocks called stromatolites were of biological nature. His contemporaries did not believe him. But Kalkowsky was later proven correct, when it was recognized that stromatolites formed because biofilms—composed of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms—trapped sediments. Stromatolites are now known to be the oldest evidence for life on Earth, stretching back at least 3.5 billion years, and they still exist in some remote regions, such as Shark Bay, Australia.

In his paper Rizzo follows in Kalkowsky’s footsteps by analyzing images from the Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity rovers on Mars that indicate the presence of biotic macrostructures such as stromatolites. He suggests that if no non-biological explanation can be found, the images should be considered as possible candidates for Martian stromatolites. Rizzo shows many examples of structures that have an amazing resemblance to stromatolites on Earth.

In principle I’m very skeptical of any evidence based only on visual resemblance or morphology, because the human brain has the tendency to see or fill in familiar patterns, even where they don’t quite exist. Rizzo goes well beyond appearances with his analysis, however. He made me realize that if—and it’s a big if—stromatolites did in fact exist on early Mars, they would probably look like the specimens he found in the rover images.

Carl Sagan’s saying, “Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence,” comes to mind. For every structure produced by biological processes, there might be some geochemical or physical process that mimics it. Some of these processes may be unknown to us on an alien planet such as Mars. On the other hand, we know more about Mars than we did in the past. We know there were lakes and possibly oceans on the planet early in its history, including at Gale Crater where the Curiosity images are from. Organic compounds have also been found at that location, and we know that rocks can travel from Earth to Mars (and vice versa), and that microbes are able to survive the trip. What, then, is the more “extraordinary” claim? That Mars during its early habitable period had life forms similar to those on Earth, which produced similar biogenic structures? Or that Mars is and always has been a dead planet?

Still, the bar for claiming to have detected life on Mars, past or present, has to be set high. Even on Earth it is sometimes difficult to decide whether a particular structure is the result of biology. Even though our ability to explore Mars has improved, we’re still not able to do what we routinely do on Earth—go out with a hand lens or other tool and study some enigmatic feature.

Future isotopic analyses of the stromatolite-like structures identified by Rizzo may strengthen or weaken the case for a biological origin (life prefers lighter isotopes, which we can use as a test). But I suspect that his hypothesis will have a similar fate as Ernst Kalkowsky’s. Only much later—likely when humans are exploring Mars—will we get a final verdict, which I hope will prove him correct.

{ https://www.airspacemag.com/ }

Cheops image of star HD 88111.

Credit: ESA.

ESA’s Cheops begins science mission

Marc Boucher

The Cheops telescope, a project of the European Space Agency (ESA), has now joined other similar spacecraft that examine stars in the hunt for exoplanets.

This week ESA announced that the Cheops telescope had begun its science mission.

The CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite, or Cheops, “is the first mission dedicated to studying bright, nearby stars that are already known to host exoplanets, in order to make high-precision observations of the planet’s size as it passes in front of its host star. It will focus on planets in the super-Earth to Neptune size range, with its data enabling the bulk density of the planets to be derived – a first-step characterization towards understanding these alien worlds.”

Earlier this year Cheops took its first picture, a star known as HD 88111. The image was taken its in-orbit commissioning. According to ESA, “the star is located in the Hydra constellation, some 175 light years away from Earth, and it is not known to host any orbiting planets. To demonstrate the stability of the satellite and instrument, Cheops took an image of this star every 30 seconds for 47 consecutive hours.”

Watch the ESA feature on Cheops science mission

“The images taken by Cheops are intentionally blurred: this deliberate defocusing is at the core of the mission’s observing strategy, which improves the measurement precision by spreading the light coming from distant stars over many pixels of its detector.”

“The in-orbit commissioning phase was an exciting period, and we are pleased we were able to meet all requirements,” says Nicola Rando, Cheops project manager at ESA. “The satellite platform and instrument performed remarkably, and both the Mission and Science Operation Centres supported operations impeccably.”

Now that the science mission is underway the Cheops team published its first result, an observation of the transit of KELT-11b in front of its host star HD93396.

“HD 93396 is a subgiant yellow star located 320 light-years away, slightly cooler and three times larger than our Sun. It hosts a puffy gaseous planet, KELT-11b, about 30% larger in size than Jupiter, in an orbit that is much closer to the star than Mercury is to the Sun.”

“The light curve of this star shows a clear dip caused by the eight hour-long transit of KELT-11b, which enabled scientists to determine very precisely the diameter of the planet: 181,600 km – with an uncertainty just under 4300 km. The measurements made by Cheops are five times more accurate than those from Earth, providing a taster for the science to come from the Cheops mission.”

{ https://spaceq.ca/ }

China wants a piece of the moon. Here's how it plans to handle lunar samples.

The moon, as seen by the United States' Clementine spacecraft in 1994.

(Image: © NASA)

Sample history

The former Soviet Union successfully executed three robotic lunar sample return missions. Luna 16 returned a small sample (101 grams) from Mare Fecunditatis ("Sea of Fertility") in September of 1970; in February 1972, Luna 20 returned 55 grams of soil from the Apollonius highlands region; and Luna 24 retrieved 170.1 grams of lunar samples from the moon's Mare Crisium ("Sea of Crisis") for return to Earth in August 1976.

The United States brought back much more moon material. The six Apollo missions that touched down on the lunar surface from 1969 to 1972 collected 842 lbs. (382 kg) of lunar samples at different landing sites on the lunar surface, including rocks, core samples, lunar soil and dust.

China's moon rock plans

In a paper that was scheduled to be presented last month at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC), which ended up being cancelled due to concerns about the novel coronavirus, lead author G. L. Zhang from the National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, details the main tasks of the Ground Research Application System (GRAS) of the country's lunar exploration project.

These tasks include: receiving lunar samples from the spacecraft system; establishing special facilities and laboratories for permanent local storage of samples and backup storage at another location; and preparation and preprocessing of lunar samples.

According to the requirements of the mission, GRAS formed a complete lunar sample preprocessing, storage and preparation plan.

This plan mainly includes: handover and transfer of lunar samples from the spacecraft system to GRAS, unsealing of the sample package, sample separation (drilled sample separation and scooped sample separation), sample storage (scooped and drilled samples) and sample preparation.

• Related: Latest news about China's space program 

A lunar pipeline

A detailed pipeline for this plan is discussed in the LPSC paper.

First, the returned lunar samples will be divided into scooped samples and drilled samples after entering the lab. Both scooped and drilled samples will then be divided into four categories: permanent storage samples, backup permanent storage samples, scientific research samples and exhibition samples.

"All the tools that contact with lunar sample are made of stainless steel, Teflon, quartz glass or materials of known composition to strictly control the factors that will affect subsequent scientific analysis. The water and oxygen content in the glove box, filled with pure [nitrogen], will be strictly monitored to prevent the lunar samples from Earth pollution," the LPSC paper notes.

U.S. and China approaches

"They seem to be taking a very similar approach to how we have (and continue to) process and curate Apollo samples (and other astromaterials in our collection)," said Ryan Zeigler, NASA's Apollo Sample Curator and manager of the Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office of the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.

"There are a few minor differences, but that is to be expected since each mission has unique characteristics," Zeigler told Inside Outer Space.

The Chinese are clearly taking seriously the handling, storage and preliminary examination of a potential set of new lunar samples. The technology described is in many ways similar to the technology in the NASA Lunar Sample Laboratory, noted Carlton Allen, a former NASA Astromaterials Curator. (He is now retired.) 

"The use of a nitrogen atmosphere for preparation, subdivision and storage has proven both necessary and sufficient over 50 years of lunar curation at NASA," Allen said. 

Glovebox photos show that the nitrogen is maintained at positive pressure with respect to the laboratory atmosphere, which has proven important for contamination control.  The importance of restricting the materials that come into contact with the samples, another important aspect of contamination control, is also recognized. 

The technology described by G. L. Zhang and colleagues "has the potential to make these future lunar samples directly comparable to Apollo and Luna samples, which could significantly increase the value of each sample set," Allen said.

• The moon on Earth: Where are NASA's Apollo lunar rocks now?
• China's Chang'e program: missions to the moon
• The 20 most marvelous moon missions

Leonard David is the author of the book "Moon Rush: The New Space Race," published by National Geographic in May 2019. A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades.

Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook. 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

As Comet ATLAS crumbles away, Comet SWAN arrives to take its place for skywatchers

The Mysterious Aboriginal Rock Art of the Wandjinas

One of the most intriguing and perplexing legends of the Australian Aboriginal people is that of the Wandjinas, the supreme spirit beings and creators of the land and people.  The land of the Wandjina is a vast area of about 200,000 square kilometres of lands, waters, sea and islands in the Kimberley region of north-western Australia with continuous culture dating back at least 60,000 years but probably much older. Here, traditional Aboriginal law and culture are still active and alive.

The Worora, Ngarinyin and Wunumbul people are the three Wandjina tribes – these tribal groups are the custodians of the oldest known figurative art which is scattered throughout the Kimberley.

Perhaps what is most interesting about their figurative art painted on rocks and in caves is the way in which they have represented the Wandjinas - white faces, devoid of a mouth, large black eyes, and a head surrounded by a halo or some type of helmet.

The ancient paintings have received all manner of interpretations from stylized representations of people or even owls, to ancient astronaut theories which suggest that extraterrestrial beings visited Earth tens of thousands of years ago and had direct contact with the inhabitants. Some believe that the extraterrestrials even played a direct role in creation, which is reflected not only in the Dreamtime stories of the Aboriginals but also the myths and legends of many ancient civilizations around the world. 

One could be forgiven for thinking that there is indeed a remarkable similarity between the Wandjinas and the stereotypical image of an extraterrestrial which we see time and again in art, movies and witness accounts. And many raise logical questions such as, why were the Wandjinas painted with white skin if it was representing another Aboriginal, all of whom had black skin? Why were the eyes always painted so disproportionate to the face and nose? And why were they all painted without a mouth?

But what is even more surprising is the oral account of the Wandjinas which has been passed from generation to generation as all of the Aboriginal Dreamtime stories have.

The story goes like this – the Wandjina were “sky-beings” or “spirits from the clouds” who came down from the Milky Way during Dreamtime and created the Earth and all its inhabitants. Then Wandjina looked upon the inhabitants and realised the enormity of the task and returned home to bring more Wandjinas. With the aid of the Dreamtime snake, the Wandjina descended and spent their Dreamtime creating, teaching and being Gods to the Aboriginals whom they created.  After some time, the Wandjinas disappeared. They descended into the earth and since then, have lived at the bottom of the water source associated with each of the paintings. There, they continually produce new ‘child-seeds’, which are regarded as the source of all human life.  Some Wandjina also returned to the sky, and can now be seen at night as lights moving high above the earth.

Aboriginal people, in the Kimberley also believe that even after they disappeared, the Wandjina continued to control everything that happened on the land and in the sky and sea.

Aboriginal Dreamtime stories, rock art and cave paintings have often been considered more myth then reality, like the stories we find in the teachings of modern day religions. However, recent archaeological discoveries have confirmed the reality of at least some of the Dreamtime stories. For example, those that spoke of huge mammals walking the Earth were once considered fantasy. But discoveries of animal fossils belonging to ‘mega fauna’ including giant mammals confirmed that these stories were accounts of real life events, passed down by generations over tens of thousands of years.

Interestingly and of course controversially, objects have been found on geographical sites which suggest the area had been inhabited as long ago as 174,000 B.C.  This contradicts the theory that Aboriginals had their routes in Africa and that inhabitants travelled from Africa to Australia about 60,000 years ago. Other researchers have suggested that Homo sapiens actually originated in Australia .

Today, the Aboriginal tribes of the Worora, Ngarinyin and Wunumbul still revere the Wandjina and only certain individuals are given permission to paint them. It is said that the Wandjina could punish those who broke the law with floods, lightening and cyclones and the paintings of the Wandjina are believed to possess these powers, therefore according to the Aboriginals they are always to be approached and treated respectfully.

Why would ancient Aboriginal people create so-called myths or fanciful stories if it meant so much to them and remains so important to their culture to this day?  So many myths and legends of the past have already been proven true by archaeological findings, such as the legend of the city of Troy , the labyrinth of the Minotaur, Norse legends of navigational crystals and many more.  Could it not be that the Aboriginal people of the time were simply telling of events as they saw them and how they understood them at the time? Perhaps one day we will uncover the answers to these intriguing questions.

By April Holloway

Related Links

http://poleshift.ning.com/profiles/blogs/wandjina-rock-art-kimberley-au

http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/arts/what-are-wandjinas

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBUd_WIjN9g

Related Books

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

On March 20, 2020, something exploded on the far side of the sun. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) saw the debris flying over the sun's eastern limb.

Now on April 12, 2020, something exploded on the far side of the sun again. The blast hurled a coronal mass ejection (CME) into space. Two days later on April 14, 2020 there was a large solar explosion too. Coronagraph images from NASA's STEREO A probe confirm that a CME emerged from the blast site.

Two mysterious explosions within one month on the far side of the sun is very strange. But what caused the explosions?

It is suggested that it could be a far side sunspot or collapsing filaments but what about, as we have suggested in our first article - Mysterious explosion on the far side of the Sun - if these mysterious explosions on the far side of the sun are caused by an unknown source which has more devastating energy than anything we have ever seen so far.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

April 2020: Dr. Steven Greer LIVE on The Science of Consciousness

Presented by Dr. Steven Greer. Close Encounters of the Fifth Kind: Contact Has Begun (narrated by Jeremy Piven) features groundbreaking video and photographic evidence and supporting interviews from prominent figures such as Adam Curry of Princeton’s PEAR Lab; legendary civil rights attorney Daniel Sheehan, and Dr. Russell Targ, who headed the CIA’s top-secret remote viewing program. Their message: For thousands of people, contact has begun. This is their story. Dr. Greer’s previous works, Sirius and Unacknowledged, broke crowdfunding records and ignited a grassroots movement. In this film, Dr. Greer presents the most dangerous information that the architects of secrecy don’t want you to know: how forgotten spiritual knowledge holds the key to humans initiating contact with advanced ET civilizations.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

A 'very big' burning object was spotted hurtling across the Cambridgeshire skyline for 20 minutes - and was 'too big' to be a shooting star

By Harry Gold / Anna Savva

Canal boat owner Gerry Underwood, 55, spotted the object at around 8pm on Wednesday

A flaming red UFO was spotted circling the skies over Cambridgeshire before disappearing behind some trees.

It was spotted by a stunned canal boat owner in Stretham, around 8pm on Wednesday, who says he watched its eerie descent for 20 minutes.

Gerry Underwood, 55, believes the flaming object was "very big" too big to have been a shooting star and created a massive "chemtrail".

Gerry who lives on his boat with partner partner Melanie, told CambridgeshireLive they were outside "having a small fire" when the mysterious object flew into view.

He said: “It looked like a very thick chemtrail to start with. It looked like a short, skinny cloud.

“It wasn’t moving quickly at all. I’m pretty sure it wasn’t a meteorite, because they are gone in seconds.

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“We have seen hundreds of shooting stars, but this definitely wasn’t that either.

“This was coming down very slowly and spiralling. It started to glow orange as you can see in the pictures.

“There were flames coming out of the back of it as well. It was really unusual.”

Gerry took several pictures of the burning entity dropping through the sky. A huge plume of smoke can be seen behind it as it descends into the distance.

Gerry said he watched the unidentified object fall through the sky for "between 10 and 20 minutes," as it was coming down slowly.

Eventually, the burning mass vanished behind the trees in the distance.

Gerry said he was looking towards Huntingdon as he watched it descend, but stressed the object might have landed "well beyond that."

He said: “The sheer size of it is what’s got me. When you look at the pictures, they show the trees in the foreground and it’s way beyond that, it was very big.

“It landed beyond the horizon, that’s how big it was - we couldn’t see it land.”

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Gerry compared his sighting to a similar incident in Bristol just a few days ago.

He said: “They have put it down as a UFO on fire, which I don’t think this was, but it was so, so bright.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

Cylinder UFO Uncloaks Near Space Station, NASA Cuts Transmission! Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 2020

Location of sighting: Earths orbit at ISS

Source: NASA Live Cams

 

Hey guys, I was looking at the NASA live cams of the space station and noticed something in the far left side of the screen. As I watched...just as the cylinder object was just about to come into focus...NASA cut transmission and went to red screen. Red screen is the updated old blue screen. So I wasn't sure it was a UFO at first, but when NASA also noticed it and went to red sceen...it sealed the deal. NASA was put effort into hiding this object from the public, therefore this object must have been a threat to national security. Kinda cool wouldn't you say? The object looks solid, its edges look like the edges of the space station arm...the object is undeniably solid. The sunlit side of the earth coming into view caused the UFOs shields to malfunction for a short time. That is why we saw it. Just as I have said a hundred times before, if you want to see a UFO, watch a few sunsets...I promise you will see one, but bring a camera or your friends will never believe you.

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

The truth is out there: 5 UFO sightings reported in Arizona

 By: Kari Steele

PHOENIX — Have you ever looked into the sky and seen something you just couldn't explain? Well, you're not alone.

According to the National UFO reporting center, Arizona ranks No. 7 for states with the most UFO sightings, with more than 3,000 sightings reported since 1950.

Watch the video above to determine if there's any truth to these Arizona UFO tales!

The United States Air Force even compiled a list of 12,618 UFO sightings between 1947-1969, calling it "Project Blue Book."

{ https://www.abc15.com/ }

Creepy, scary UFO sightings reported in Texas last year

Ismael Perez

In the minutes leading up to 2019, someone witnessed fiery orange lights flying soundlessly at a low altitude over San Antonio.

And that was just the beginning of numerous reports of unidentified flying objects spotted in Texas skies last year.

Three months into the year, there have been at least 24 reported unidentified flying objects reported throughout the state, according to the National UFO Reporting Center. The reports range from seeing strange lights to crafts hovering above people's cars and houses.

Note: Actual sightings are not pictured below.

UNKNOWN/P-I FILE

Allen, Jan. 18

"It zig-zagged across the sky in fluid and precise motions moving back behind houses and extremely close to the total five people around."

 

B/W P-I FILE

Austin, Jan. 20 

"This is the second time I have witnessed such a craft hovering generally above my house." 

 

Lance Iversen

Burleson, Jan. 23 

“6 flickering red/white lights linked together in a broken V, converged to form a Hexagon then flew away”

 

IDAHO STATESMAN / Associated Press

Austin, Feb. 15 

“Two glowing spheres seen in sky north of the airport at first moving together in the same direction. Emitting yellow to orange light which was very different than the lights of a jetliner that was on approach to the airport.” 

 

AP

Tolar, Feb. 22 

“An object with 3 lights flew over our car tonight.” 

 

Josie Auten

Huffman, Feb. 25
"A huge saucer/droid type with lots of lights blinking and floating low and no noise seemed to be following my car late at night.

ARMEND NIMANI / AFP / Getty Images

The Woodlands, March 15 

“I noticed a large bluish green light shaped like a ball moving smooth and extremely fast.” 

Aaron Foster/Getty Images

Hurst, March 29 

“Look up and there's 4 white lights not blinking in a diagonal line, spaced out evenly maybe 400 to 500 feet above. With a dimmed light to the right.” 

 

{ https://www.mysanantonio.com/ }

Southern Africa may have hosted a hominid transition 2 million years ago

Cave excavation yields braincases from both Homo erectus and Paranthropus robustus

Two hominid fossils unearthed in a South African cave, including this Homo erectus braincase, point to a major evolutionary shift that occurred around 2 million years ago.

A. HERRIES, JESSE MARTIN, RENAUD JOANNES-BOYAU

By Bruce Bower

Members of three different hominid lines clustered at the bottom of Africa around 2 million years ago, signaling an evolutionary swing propelled by the spread of a highly successful, humanlike species, new fossil discoveries suggest. It’s unclear, though, if the three ancient populations inhabited the region at precisely the same time.

Excavations at Drimolen, a set of caves in South Africa, uncovered two fossil braincases, one from Homo erectus and the other from Paranthropus robustus, say paleoanthropologist Andy Herries of La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia, and his colleagues. Both finds date to between 2.04 million and 1.95 million years ago, the scientists report in the April 3 Science.

The H. erectus fossil comes from a child who displayed a long, low braincase typical of adults from that species. The P. robustus braincase is that of an adult.

Researchers previously determined that two Australopithecus species, A. africanus and A. sediba (SN: 7/25/13), inhabited nearby parts of South Africa approximately 2 million years ago.

Taken together, these discoveries indicate that a major transition in hominid evolution occurred in southern Africa between around 2.1 million and 1.9 million years ago, Herries’ team says. During that stretch, climate and habitat fluctuations drove Australopithecus species to extinction. H. erectus and P. robustus weathered those ecological challenges, possibly outcompeting Australopithecus for limited resources, the researchers speculate.

It’s unclear whether members of the three hominid lines ever encountered each other during that transition period.

“These spectacular discoveries confirm what some of us have expected for some time, that three genera of [hominids] coexisted in southern Africa,” says paleoanthropologist Darryl de Ruiter of Texas A&M University in College Station, who was not involved in the research.

Earlier work at several other South African cave sites had suggested that H. erectus, P. robustus and A. sediba all dated to nearly 2 million years ago. But many fossils from the first two species are fragmentary, and precise dating of cave sediments that held those finds has proven difficult.

Herries’ team dated the fossil braincases at Drimolen using two techniques for calculating the time since sediments formed just below and above where the specimens were found. Evidence of previously dated reversals of Earth’s magnetic field in Drimolen sediment helped to confirm age estimates for the fossils.

The South African H. erectus fossils may be slightly older than those of A. sediba, but a controversial proposal that A. sediba was an ancestor of the Homo genus remains in play, de Ruiter says. Researchers don’t know how much earlier than 2 million years ago A. sediba originated or how far it ranged beyond its one known fossil site in South Africa. Even so, some other researchers consider A. sediba a dead-end species and regard East Africa as the best bet for where Homo originated.

Questions or comments on this article? E-mail us at feedback@sciencenews.org

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

Red giant stars that eat planets might shine less brightly

The finding could affect calculations for how fast the universe is expanding

Planets that orbit close to stars, as in this artist’s illustration, could get swallowed up as the star ages.

G. BACON, ESA, NASA

By Lisa Grossman

When giant stars eat giant planets, their starlight may shine a bit less brightly. That dimming could affect how astronomers measure distances across the universe — and possibly even put past measurements in doubt.

“You would think the planet would be a small perturbation to the star,” says astrophysicist Licia Verde. “It turns out that it’s not.” Those perturbations may even help explain why estimates for how fast the universe is expanding disagree, Verde and her colleagues argue in a paper posted March 25 at arXiv.org.

When stars similar in mass to the sun burn through most of the hydrogen in their cores, their outer layers puff up until the stars are hundreds of times their original sizes, becoming red giants. At a certain core density, red giants were all thought to reach the same peak brightness.

That uniform brightness has helped astronomers estimate cosmic distances. It’s hard to know how far away a star is without knowing its intrinsic brightness — a star may appear dim because it’s very far away, or just because it’s dim, or both. Because red giants always peak at a certain brightness, they can act as distance markers across the universe, giving astronomers cosmic landmarks to measure the space between Earth and far-off galaxies.

• Questions or comments on this article? E-mail us at feedback@sciencenews.org

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

Northern Ireland fans hold up an inflatable alien during a game against Switzerland

( Action Images via Reuters/Jason Cairnduff )

MESSAGES RECEIVED FROM ALIENS COULD RUIN LIFE ON EARTH, SCIENTISTS WARN

Even a short message could send civilisation into such chaos that it would destroy itself – much cheaper than sending battleships

Andrew Griffin - @_andrew_griffin 

Messages sent by aliens from space could destroy life as we know it on Earth if we're not careful about how we read them, scientists have warned.

A new paper explores how we might read and understand a message that came to us from space. And it finds that it would be impossible to know that a message was dangerous before we opened it.

It's unlikely that any alien civilisation we came into contact with would be harmful, researchers Michael Hippke and John G. Learned write in a new study posted on arXiv.org. But since it's impossible to know what the message would say before we read it, the safest scenario would be to avoid doing so entirely.

"After all, it is cheaper for ETI to send a malicious message to eradicate humans compared to sending battleships," the researchers write.

Some have suggested that such a message would have to be "decontaminated" before we actually read it, to ensure that the danger was understood and removed before people came to read it. But the paper – titled "Interstellar communication. IX. Message decontamination is impossible" – suggests that it would be practically impossible to remove that danger.

The theory of “panspermia”, which suggests life originated somewhere other than Earth, has existed in one form or another for decades, with scientists proposing different mechanisms for the interstellar dispersal of life over the years.

Upon the arrival of Oumuamua, astronomers Manasvi Lingam and Abraham Loeb saw an opportunity to examine this theory in more detail.

“In principle life can be transferred between planets through rocks; we know that rocks from Mars for example reach the Earth and vice versa,” Professor Loeb told The Independent.

He noted that some creatures on Earth, such as microscopic tardigrades, are capable of surviving the kind of extreme environments found in space. Alternatively, chemical “seeds” for life could be delivered inside rocks from distant solar systems.

“The solar system acts as a fishing net – it capture objects from interstellar space that belong to other planetary systems, and Oumuamua is the first object discovered to originate from outside the solar system.”

While astronomers know there are objects in our solar system that originated elsewhere, calculating their abundance has historically been tricky because – prior to our recent visitor – they had never been observed before.

“Now with Oumuamua we have a data point, a calibration of that abundance,” said Professor Loeb.

Asteroids and other space debris can enter our solar system, as Oumuamua did, and become trapped there due to the gravity of the Sun and Jupiter.

“At any given time you should have thousands of objects trapped from interstellar space, and the objects – if they came from another planet that had life – could in principle transfer the life into the solar system, for example by colliding with a planet like the Earth,” said Professor Loeb.

Using computer models, the scientists calculated the number of objects that would have been pulled into our vicinity prior to the emergence of life on Earth.

They found that around 400 interstellar objects 100 metres in size, and 10 objects about a kilometre in size, could have struck the planet prior to the emergence of life 3.8 billion years ago.

Read more

• The real story behind Elon Musk shooting his car into space

The study is currently awaiting publication in The Astrophysical Journal, and is available as a pre-print.

Besides understanding our own origins, the Harvard researchers suggested their work could also have a role in the search for alien life.

If astronomers can determine which of the objects in our solar system originated elsewhere, by analysing their chemical composition for example, it might be possible to find aliens in our own backyard.

“It’s not just primitive life; we could also look for artefacts associated with intelligence life,” said Professor Loeb. “There is a possibility that advanced civilisations could produce robotic spacecraft that roam through interstellar space and every now and again one of these could be trapped in the solar system.”

This work could make the search for alien life considerably easier.

“Instead of travelling in interstellar space, going to another planetary system we can actually just wait and see what our ‘fishing net’ captures in our own neighbourhood, and examine the fish that are in that net,” said Professor Loeb.

Other videos, peter2011

{ https://www.independent.co.uk/}

Black Files Declassified exclusive: Tic Tac UFO sighting and recounting by Navy Airmen revealed

Pentagon UFO Program Interested in Psychic Child’s Abilities says DeLonge

Recently, Tom DeLonge took part in a video interview with 91X, a mexican owned english language radio station that broadcasts in San Diego. His band, Angels and Airwaves, released a new song and Tom was promoting it. During the interview DeLonge was explaining how the song came about and why it was released. He went on to say this:

Tom DeLonge: I was struck, kind of, by public consciousness because there’s a lot of studies that have been done, and a lot within the US government as well that I’m aware of, but that your mind… your mind over matter… that saying is very true… where they found, and I actually have a really amazing sensitive document that… and I’d always tell people about this, where they actually were…it was part of the UFO program at the Pentagon. They were following this kid in China that can move objects with his mind and he was like 10 years old.

Danielle: What?

Tom DeLonge: Yeah, so they repeated the experiment in the Department of Defense. And they put a piece of paper in a glass mason jar and they screwed the lid on it. With their mind they moved the paper through the lid of the jar six feet across the floor. And it says right there in the document with the letterhead and everything, on our defense (letterhead). You know it’s… they found that it’s… a hundred percent of people can do it, but only 10% of the people can really like master it. And my point being is that, you know, your mindset that you’re in, it affects all matter around you. And I can give you another couple laboratory experiments, but we won’t go down that rabbit hole, but they prove that consciousness affects all matter around you. In terms of healing they’ve even healed like 30 mice with like crazy terminal cancers. They healed all the mice with just energy healing in a lab. It was a wonderful lecture I listened to, but I was thinking when everyone was really scared with the virus you have mass consciousness but for something that’s negative, fear, and that’s a really bad place to be because it’s going to perpetuate things, you know, in a negative way. So I was like, well maybe my little part ,you know, put out something more hopeful or more optimistic…”

Which program was DeLonge referencing? AAWSAP, AATIP or a different unnamed program? We know AAWSAP researched a wider spectrum of so called paranormal topics. Allegedly AATIP did not. Any UFO program Tom references as taking part in psychic studies is interesting, but AATIP especially would be a surprise. View the interview below.

Thanks to Twitter user and graphics guru Mark for the lead.

{ https://silvarecord.com/ }

A fresco from Visoki Dečani which confused the scientists around the world

The foothill of a high mountain massive Prokletije, has been keeping safe the Serbian sanctity whose existence is connected to the inexplicable miracle, and whose walls own the frescoes of a priceless value. The beauty and uniqueness of fresco art in Visoki Dečani have made people talk about Serbia as a country which keeps strong evidences about the existence of aliens, and made this monastery the world known place.

Southwestern from Peć, in Kosovo and Metohija, in the long gone 1327, a construction of the endowment of the King Stefan Dečanski and Dušan the Mighty had begun. Frescoes from the monastery which is among the five Serbian monuments on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List, have always represented the masterfully works, and today, the best kept icons in Serbia. Still, one of them has singled out and became a subject of numerous science researches and discussions.

The most famous domestic and foreign media has dedicated their articles to the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Enormous interest and curiosity have woken up the second when the unusual objects were spotted on it. A large number of scientists around the world have attributed the extramundane features to the a bit unusual look of these objects, claiming that they represent an indisputable proof of the once aliens’ visit to the Earth.

Visoki Dečani Monastery is famous for the bones which are kept inside it. Here is the rot-proof body of Stefan Dečanski, a rot-proof hand of St. Nikita Gotski from the 4th century, as well as the jaw which belonged to the St. Gregory Niski.

While some scientists compare the strange objects left and right from Jesus’s head with the spaceships in which aliens used to travel, a majority of domestic experts agree that it is about the heavenly bodies.

Serbian historians explain the art as a wish of a former artists to show the Sun and the Moon suffer because of the crucifixion of Jesus, in an unusual way, indeed.

Exactly that extraordinary way of presenting the heavenly bodies has spawned numerous conspiracy theories which have brought the Serbian monastery into connection with the creatures from outer space.

From the one that Visoki Dečani are known as a place where proofs of aliens’ existence were found, to the spaceships drawn on the frescoes, and lastly, putting it into the wonders of the world.

Still, there is no solid evidence to the claims of Serbian and global experts. The only one who had ever known the truth is the unknown author who had completed the Crucifixion of Jesus in bygone 1350, leaving the mystery on the walls of Visoki Dečani.

What do you think is on the Crucifixion of Jesus? Heavenly bodies or aliens?

{ https://www.serbia.com/ }

Russian Scientists Warn the Return of the Fallen Angels

The Military and Scientific Committee reports reveal that Russia’s allies, which are India, China, and Brazil, need to defend the Earth because some extraterrestrial entities disguising as Fallen Angels are coming back to the planet.

During World War 2, sources suggest that Soviet Intelligence Services confirmed the strange relationship of Nazis with the so-called “fallen angels or demons.” However, in our oldest records, these entities are known as “gods.”

Fallen Angels have been defeated during the great revolution that wiped out the city-state called Atlantis some 500 years ago. The devastating event has been recorded in religion and myths as “the great flood.”

Any news related to a series of mysterious craters in Siberia has been classified as a national threat by Vladimir Putin. Also, don’t forget the Chelyabinsk meteorite from 2013.

It appears that the US, with the support of Europe, is making its best effort to demonize Putin and entrap Russia into a battle to invade Siberia and control the old defense system that has been designed to protect Earth from the invasion of these “fallen angels”, that could also be alien beings.

Please watch the video for more detailed information and share your opinions with us.

Other videos, peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Earth-Size, Habitable-Zone Planet Found Hidden in Early NASA Kepler Data

While the star it orbits is much smaller than our Sun, it gets about 75% of the sunlight Earth does. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory managed Kepler mission development.

A team of transatlantic scientists, using reanalyzed data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope, has discovered an Earth-size exoplanet orbiting in its star’s habitable zone, the area around a star where a rocky planet could support liquid water.

Scientists discovered this planet, called Kepler-1649c, when looking through old observations from Kepler, which the agency retired in 2018. While previous searches with a computer algorithm misidentified it, researchers reviewing Kepler data took a second look at the signature and recognized it as a planet. Out of all the exoplanets found by Kepler, this distant world – located 300 light-years from Earth – is most similar to Earth in size and estimated temperature.

This artist’s concept shows what exoplanet Kepler-1649c could look like on its surface. The planet is the closest to Earth in size and temperature found yet in data from the Kepler space telescope.

 Credit: NASA/Ames Research Center/Daniel Rutter

This newly revealed world is only 1.06 times larger than our own planet. Also, the amount of starlight it receives from its host star is 75% of the amount of light Earth receives from our Sun – meaning the exoplanet’s temperature may be similar to our planet’s as well. But unlike Earth, it orbits a red dwarf. Though none have been observed in this system, this type of star is known for stellar flare-ups that may make a planet’s environment challenging for any potential life.

“This intriguing, distant world gives us even greater hope that a second Earth lies among the stars, waiting to be found,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “The data gathered by missions like Kepler and our Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite [TESS] will continue to yield amazing discoveries as the science community refines its abilities to look for promising planets year after year.”

There is still much that is unknown about Kepler-1649c, including its atmosphere, which could affect the planet’s temperature. Current calculations of the planet’s size have significant margins of error, as do all values in astronomy when studying objects so far away. But based on what is known, Kepler-1649c is especially intriguing for scientists looking for worlds with potentially habitable conditions.

This artist’s concept shows exoplanet Kepler-1649c orbiting around its host red dwarf star. This exoplanet is in its star’s habitable zone (the distance where liquid water could exist on the planet’s surface) and is the closest to Earth in size and temperature found yet in Kepler’s data. 

Credit: NASA/Ames Research Center/Daniel Rutter

There are other exoplanets estimated to be closer to Earth in size, such as TRAPPIST-1f and, by some calculations, Teegarden c. Others may be closer to Earth in temperature, such as TRAPPIST-1d and TOI 700d. But there is no other exoplanet that is considered to be closer to Earth in both of these values that also lies in the habitable zone of its system.

“Out of all the mislabeled planets we’ve recovered, this one’s particularly exciting – not just because it’s in the habitable zone and Earth-size, but because of how it might interact with this neighboring planet,” said Andrew Vanderburg, a researcher at the University of Texas at Austin and first author on the paper released today in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. “If we hadn’t looked over the algorithm’s work by hand, we would have missed it.”

Kepler-1649c orbits its small red dwarf star so closely that a year on Kepler-1649c is equivalent to only 19.5 Earth days. The system has another rocky planet of about the same size, but it orbits the star at about half the distance of Kepler-1649c, similar to how Venus orbits our Sun at about half the distance that Earth does. Red dwarf stars are among the most common in the galaxy, meaning planets like this one could be more common than we previously thought.

Looking for False Positives

Previously, scientists on the Kepler mission developed an algorithm called Robovetter to help sort through the massive amounts of data produced by the Kepler spacecraft, managed by NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley. Kepler searched for planets using the transit method, staring at stars, looking for dips in brightness as planets passed in front of their host stars.

This graphic compares the size of Earth and Kepler-1649c, an exoplanet only 1.06 times larger than Earth by radius. 

This graphic compares the size of Earth and Kepler-1649c, an exoplanet only 1.06 times larger than Earth by radius. 
› Larger view

Credit: NASA/Ames Research Center/Daniel Rutter

Most of the time, those dips come from phenomena other than planets – ranging from natural changes in a star’s brightness to other cosmic objects passing by – making it look like a planet is there when it’s not. Robovetter’s job was to distinguish the 12% of dips that were real planets from the rest. Those signatures Robovetter determined to be from other sources were labeled “false positives,” the term for a test result mistakenly classified as positive.

With an enormous number of tricky signals, astronomers knew the algorithm would make mistakes and would need to be double-checked – a perfect job for the Kepler False Positive Working Group. That team reviews Robovetter’s work, going through each false positive to ensure they are truly errors and not exoplanets, ensuring fewer potential discoveries are overlooked. As it turns out, Robovetter had mislabeled Kepler-1649c.

Even as scientists work to further automate analysis processes to get the most science as possible out of any given dataset, this discovery shows the value of double-checking automated work. Even six years after Kepler stopped collecting data from the original Kepler field – a patch of sky it stared at from 2009 to 2013, before going on to study many more regions – this rigorous analysis uncovered one of the most unique Earth analogs discovered yet.

A Possible Third Planet

Kepler-1649c not only is one of the best matches to Earth in terms of size and energy received from its star, but it provides an entirely new look at its home system. For every nine times the outer planet in the system orbits the host star, the inner planet orbits almost exactly four times. The fact that their orbits match up in such a stable ratio indicates the system itself is extremely stable and likely to survive for a long time.

Nearly perfect period ratios are often caused by a phenomenon called orbital resonance, but a nine-to-four ratio is relatively unique among planetary systems. Usually resonances take the form of ratios such as two-to-one or three-to-two. Though unconfirmed, the rarity of this ratio could hint to the presence of a middle planet with which both the inner and outer planets revolve in synchronicity, creating a pair of three-to-two resonances.

The team looked for evidence of such a mystery third planet, with no results. However, that could be because the planet is too small to see or at an orbital tilt that makes it impossible to find using Kepler’s transit method.

Either way, this system provides yet another example of an Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of a red dwarf star. These small and dim stars require planets to orbit extremely close to be within that zone – not too warm and not too cold – for life as we know it to potentially exist. Though this single example is only one among many, there is increasing evidence that such planets are common around red dwarfs.

“The more data we get, the more signs we see pointing to the notion that potentially habitable and Earth-size exoplanets are common around these kinds of stars,” said Vanderburg. “With red dwarfs almost everywhere around our galaxy, and these small, potentially habitable and rocky planets around them, the chance one of them isn’t too different than our Earth looks a bit brighter.”

For more information about Kepler and its discoveries, go to:

• https://www.nasa.gov/kepler

Contacts and sources: 

• Calla Cofield

NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Mystery as ‘very big flaming object’ spotted spiraling through sky above Cambridgeshire for 20 minutes

A “VERY big flaming object” was spotted spiraling through the sky in Cambridgeshire this week – leaving onlookers dumbfounded. Gerry Underwood, 55, spotted the mysterious flaming object at around 8 pm on Wednesday from outside his canal boat in Stretham, Cambs. He said: “It looked like a very thick chemtrail to start with. It looked like a short, skinny cloud. “It wasn’t moving quickly at all. I’m pretty sure it wasn’t a meteorite, because they are gone in seconds. We have seen hundreds of shooting stars, but this definitely wasn’t that either. “This was coming down very slowly and spiraling. It started to glow orange, as you can see in the pictures.

“There were flames coming out of the back of it as well. It was really unusual.” Gerry, who shares his canal boat with partner Melanie, photographed the burning spectacle as it dropped through the sky – leaving a huge trail behind it as it descended into the distance. He watched the mysterious object slowly falling for “between 10 and 20 minutes,” before it disappeared behind the trees in the distance.

The large flaming object was spotted spiralling through the sky near Stretham, Cambs

Credit: BPM Media

According to one witness, the object was moving slowly for 20 minutes

Credit: BPM Media

Gerry said he was looking towards Huntingdon as he watched it descend, but stressed the object might have landed “well beyond that.” He said: “The sheer size of it is what’s got me. When you look at the pictures, they show the trees in the foreground and its way beyond that, it was very big. “It landed beyond the horizon, that’s how big it was – we couldn’t see it land.”  –The Sun

Source: 

• https://theextinctionprotocol.wordpress.com/2020/04/18/mystery-as-very-big-flaming-object-spotted-spiraling-through-sky-above-cambridgeshire-for-20-minutes/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

UFO Follows Dog Walker In New York City During Lock Down, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 8, 2020
Location of sighting: New York City, New York, USA
Source: MUFON 

This is some great raw footage of a UFO that looks like a cube that is following a woman as she walks a dog. As she moves down the street, the UFO also moves to keep her in view. John Lennon himself has said he and his wife saw a UFO back in 1974 in New York City...so you know its possible its still happening today. Awesome raw footage taken during lock down of coronavirus. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Astronomers spot quasar with the most powerful winds ever seen

By Meghan Bartels

An artist's depiction of a quasar and its surrounding galaxy as seen with optical light.

(Image: © International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld)

Scientists took a second look at a strange object and spotted the most powerful winds ever detected gusting off of a special flavor of black hole called a quasar.

A quasar forms when a supermassive black hole accelerates certain particles it cannot absorb so dramatically that they reach nearly the speed of light as they shoot away from the black hole in bright, jetlike structures. Quasars often also produce winds that can gust through the surrounding galaxy, reducing star formation. But, until now, scientists haven't ever seen such powerful quasar winds.

"While high-velocity winds have previously been observed in quasars, these have been thin and wispy, carrying only a relatively small amount of mass," Sarah Gallagher, an astronomer at Western University in Canada and lead author on the new research, said in a university statement. "The outflow from this quasar, in comparison, sweeps along a tremendous amount of mass at incredible speeds. This wind is crazy powerful, and we don't know how the quasar can launch something so substantial."

• Related: 1 year ago, the world saw a black hole for the first time

The newly studied quasar, which scientists refer to as SDSS J135246.37+423923.5, is produced by a supermassive black hole containing more than 8 billion times the mass of our sun, or perhaps 2,000 times the mass of the black hole at the center of our own galaxy, according to the team's calculations.

This quasar was first discovered by a project called the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which produces massive maps of the universe, and was revisited by the Gemini North telescope located atop Maunakea in Hawaii. The team behind the new research also needed to apply a recently developed technique for analyzing this sort of quasar, which scientists call a broad absorption line quasar after a characteristic in the data such objects produce.

"We were shocked — this isn't a new quasar, but no one knew how amazing it was until the team got the Gemini spectra," Karen Leighly, a co-author on the new research and an astronomer at the University of Oklahoma, said in the same statement. "These objects were too hard to study before our team developed our methodology and had the data we needed, and now it looks like they might be the most interesting kind of windy quasars to study.

An artist's depiction of the same system as seen in infrared light.   (Image credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld)

The calculations based on this analysis suggest that this particular object is producing the most powerful quasar winds scientists have ever detected. The phenomenon is particularly intriguing because scientists believe such winds play a key role in sculpting the galaxies that surround the structure.

The researchers hope that this quasar isn't the only one of its kind. "We don't know how many more of these extraordinary objects are in our quasar catalogs that we just don't know about yet," Hyunseop Choi, first author on the new research and a graduate student at the University of Oklahoma, said in the same statement. "There could be more of these quasars with tremendously powerful outflows hidden away in our surveys."

The research is described in a paper published March 1 in the Astrophysical Journal.

•  Why are black holes so weird? 'Ask a Spaceman' explains in new episode 
•  All your questions about the new black hole image answered 
•  Weird black hole physics revealed in NASA visualization 

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her @meghanbartels.

Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook. 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

Big gods came after the rise of civilisations, not before, finds study using huge historical database

When you think of religion, you probably think of a god who rewards the good and punishes the wicked. But the idea of morally concerned gods is by no means universal. Social scientists have long known that small-scale traditional societies – the kind missionaries used to dismiss as “pagan” – envisaged a spirit world that cared little about the morality of human behaviour. Their concern was less about whether humans behaved nicely towards one another and more about whether they carried out their obligations to the spirits and displayed suitable deference to them.

What came first – all-seeing Gods or complex societies? God the Father and Angel, Guercino Giovan Francesco Barbieri via Wikimedia Commons

Nevertheless, the world religions we know today, and their myriad variants, either demand belief in all-seeing punitive deities or at least postulate some kind of broader mechanism – such as karma – for rewarding the virtuous and punishing the wicked. In recent years, researchers have debated how and why these moralising religions came into being.

Now, thanks to our massive new database of world history, known as Seshat (named after the Egyptian goddess of record keeping), we’re starting to get some answers.

Eye in the sky

One popular theory has argued that moralising gods were necessary for the rise of large-scale societies. Small societies, so the argument goes, were like fish bowls. It was almost impossible to engage in antisocial behaviour without being caught and punished – whether by acts of collective violence, retaliation or long-term reputational damage and risk of ostracism. But as societies grew larger and interactions between relative strangers became more commonplace, would-be transgressors could hope to evade detection under the cloak of anonymity. For cooperation to be possible under such conditions, some system of surveillance was required.

What better than to come up with a supernatural “eye in the sky” – a god who can see inside people’s minds and issue punishments and rewards accordingly. Believing in such a god might make people think twice about stealing or reneging on deals, even in relatively anonymous interactions. Maybe it would also increase trust among traders. If you believe that I believe in an omniscient moralising deity, you might be more likely to do business with me, than somebody whose religiosity is unknown to you. Simply wearing insignia such as body markings or jewellery alluding to belief in such a god might have helped ambitious people prosper and garner popularity as society grew larger and more complex.

Nevertheless, early efforts to investigate the link between religion and morality provided mixed results. And while supernatural punishment appears to have preceded the rise of chiefdoms among Pacific Island peoples, in Eurasia studies suggested that social complexity emerged first and moralising gods followed. These regional studies, however, were limited in scope and used quite crude measures of both moralising religion and of social complexity.

Sifting through history

Seshat is changing all that. Efforts to build the database began nearly a decade ago, attracting contributions from more than 100 scholars at a cost of millions of pounds. The database uses a sample of the world’s historical societies, going back in a continuous time series up to 10,000 years before the present, to analyse hundreds of variables relating to social complexity, religion, warfare, agriculture and other features of human culture and society that vary over time and space. Now that the database is finally ready for analysis, we are poised to test a long list of theories about global history.

One of the earliest questions we’re testing is whether morally concerned deities drove the rise of complex societies. We analysed data on 414 societies from 30 world regions, using 51 measures of social complexity and four measures of supernatural enforcement of moral norms to get to the bottom of the matter. New research we’ve just published in the journal Nature reveals that moralising gods come later than many people thought, well after the sharpest rises in social complexity in world history. In other words, gods who care about whether we are good or bad did not drive the initial rise of civilisations – but came later.

As part of our research we created a map of where big gods appeared around the world. In the map below, the size of the circle represents the size of the society: bigger circles represent larger and more complex societies. The numbers in the circle represent the number of thousand years ago we find the first evidence of belief in moralising gods. For example, Emperor Ashoka adopted Buddhism 2,300 years ago after he had already established a large and complex South Asian empire known as the Mauryan Empire.

Our statistical analysis showed that beliefs in supernatural punishment tend to appear only when societies make the transition from simple to complex, around the time when the overall population exceed about a million individuals.

We are now looking to other factors that may have driven the rise of the first large civilisation. For example, Seshat data suggests that daily or weekly collective rituals – the equivalent of today’s Sunday services or Friday prayers – appear early in the rise of social complexity and we’re looking further at their impact.

If the original function of moralising gods in world history was to hold together fragile, ethnically diverse coalitions, what might declining belief in such deities mean for the future of societies today? Could modern secularisation, for example, contribute to the unravelling of efforts to cooperate regionally – such as the European Union? If beliefs in big gods decline, what will that mean for cooperation across ethnic groups in the face of migration, warfare, or the spread of xenophobia? Can the functions of moralising gods simply be replaced by other forms of surveillance?

Even if Seshat cannot provide easy answers to all these questions, it could provide a more reliable way of estimating the probabilities of different futures.

{ https://gaf.news/ }

Video – Who Lived on Earth 100,000 Years Ago?

Who Lived on Earth 100,000 Years Ago?

{ https://gaf.news/ }

Strange tale: Ojibwa tale of a ‘Skyman’ visitor may have been Extraterrestrial

The modern Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) craze began in the late 1940s, when a wave of people reported seeing strange objects in the skies above America.

Indeed, it was in 947 the term flying saucer entered the popular consciousness after pilot Kenneth Arnold witnessed several brightly-lit saucer-like objects weaving in and out of distant mountain peaks while he was flying in Washington State.

This wasn’t the first wave of UFO sightings, however. An earlier wave occurred in Britain in 1909, when hundreds of people described flying objects shaped like dirigibles and emitting beams of light carrying out extremely advanced manoeuvres overhead. A decade earlier, throughout 1896 and ’97, there was a rash on similar sightings in the United States.

But these weren’t the first accounts of alien spacecraft on record. Legends of god-like beings coming from the heavens exist in many cultures. Throughout North America, there are numerous caves that date back thousands of years. These paintings figures and objects much like the modern imagery of aliens and flying saucers.

One intriguing legend comes from the First Nations people of central Ontario. Their ‘Skyman’ tale may in fact be one of the earliest alien encounters on record.

According to the story recorded in 1917 by ethnologist Colonel G.E. Laidlaw, 500 years ago there was a large Ojibwa village about 550 native people living somewhere in our region. One day, a pair of them stumbled upon a stranger sitting on the grass in a field. This figure, a male, was notably “clean and shining bright.”

The natives approached the stranger and asked who he was and how he came to be in the field. “I am not one of you. I do not belong to this land. I dropped down from above,” the stranger explained.

Showing unusual hospitality, the Ojibwa invited him back to their village. The stranger agreed, but on one condition: “Go home and clean the place where I will stay, and when you come back for me, I will go with you for a few days.”

Agreeing, the Ojibwa men went back to their community, told their fellow villagers about their experience, and cleaned the hut where they would house the ‘Skyman.’

The stranger did in fact accompany them to their village, but he was clearly restless. He watched the skies often and told people that in two days something would come and get him to take him back up to the sky.

One afternoon, Skyman looked up and said, “It is coming.” The villagers craned their necks and turned their eyes above and saw something that looked like a bright shining star streak down from the heavens and hover near the ground.

This was the most beautiful thing any of them had ever seen. Skyman entered the shining star and disappeared from view. The shining star then shot back into the sky and faded away.

This tale seems to be a description of an encounter with an ‘ancient astronaut,’ as seen in many cultures and popularized by Swiss theorist Erich von Daniken of Chariots of the Gods fame.

Many modern UFO theorists believe Skyman was a marooned extraterrestrial astronaut whose own craft was somehow damaged or destroyed. They point to the fact Skyman clearly entered the glowing star as proof the object was a spacecraft of some sort. Was he ‘clean and shining bright’ because he wore a silvery pressure suit? Did he request his hosts clean his quarters out of fear of contracting human viruses against which he had no immunity?

Many researchers believe Skyman was no mythological tale, but rather an actual encounter of the first kind between an ancient alien and an entire Ojibwa community. And it was said to have occurred somewhere nearby. Maybe we too should be craning our necks and scanning the skies.

Andrew Hind

{ https://gaf.news/ }

Video – The Anunnaki Creation Story: The Biggest Secret in Human History

445 000 years ago, “creator gods” – as they call it – came to Earth. They were called the Anunnaki, which means “Those Who from Heaven to Earth Came”. These beings inhabited a distant orbiting planet called Nibiru, which only entered our solar system every 3,600 years. They describe Nibiru as many times the diameter of Earth, and abundant with iron oxide, making its rivers and lakes appear red. A side note about Nibiru: according to the Sumerian tablets, Nibiru’s atmosphere began to deteriorate and became a hostile place for life, and in order to restore it, the Annunaki needed one important element for their atmosphere: gold.

{ https://gaf.news/ }

ASTRONOMERS SPOT STRONGEST COSMIC STORM IN KNOWN UNIVERSE

written by Elexonic

{ https://futurism.com/the-byte }

CORONA IS OOK AFLEIDING VOOR IETS GROTERS, MAAR WAT? ( VIDEO )

Mensen zijn veel gevoeliger dan we dikwijls beseffen en dat betekent dat wij dingen aan voelen komen ook al zijn ze nog niet zicht- of tastbaar.

Naast alle controletechnieken die nu dankzij corona door overheden worden ingevoerd, is er misschien nog wel een andere reden voor het verschijnen van dit virus.

Het mooie van wat er nu gebeurt is dat er steeds meer mensen dieper gaan nadenken, simpelweg omdat velen “aan hun water voelen” dat er dingen niet kloppen.

Iemand die ook dat gevoel heeft is Sven Hulleman die daar verder op ingaat in onderstaande video. Hij heeft een heel eigen theorie ontwikkeld over wat er nu mogelijk gaande is. Hij noemt het een hypothese en het is zeker de moeite waard om daar wat aandacht aan te besteden.

Hulleman voelt ook dat er dingen niet kloppen en gelooft niet dat overheden nu allemaal in overdrive gaan omdat ze zo begaan zijn met de gezondheid van hun burgers. Hij zegt hetzelfde wat wij altijd zeggen en dat is dat de overheid geen sodemieter geeft om de gezondheid van haar burgers.

Dit betekent dan dat er hoe dan ook een achterliggende agenda moet zijn waarom overheden dit allemaal doen.

De hypothese van Hulleman houdt in dat er krachten vanuit de ruimte actief zijn die zorgen voor veranderingen in elektromagnetische straling op aarde. Iets dergelijks kan veroorzaakt worden door kometen waarvan er nu toevallig enkele in onze buurt zijn, zoals de komeet C/2019 Y4 ook wel Atlas genoemd en planetoïde 1998 OR2.

Daarnaast zijn er op dit moment allerlei observatoria gesloten vanwege de coronacrisis en dat alles is naar de mening van Hulleman geen toeval.

Hij denkt verder dat deze elektromagnetische velden kristallisatie van calcium veroorzaken in het menselijk lichaam, wat op zijn beurt weer zorgt voor een behoorlijke verzwakking van het menselijk immuunsysteem. Dit verschijnsel doet zich vooral ook voor bij mensen met overgewicht en zoals we de afgelopen weken hebben kunnen lezen zijn juist zij vaak slachtoffer.

Zo schrijft hij onder andere:

Zouden deze fenomenen met elkaar te maken kunnen hebben? Voor veel mensen een absurde gedachte, echter aanzienlijk minder vergezocht dan het wellicht in eerste instantie lijkt; wanneer men zich realiseert dat wij allemaal grote zakken water met mineralen zijn is de invloed van een verstoring van het elektromagnetische veld van de aarde verre van insignificant.

Ook refereert hij op zijn website aan gebeurtenissen zoals die in Amerika plaatsvinden, waar nu regelmatig oefeningen worden gehouden voor mogelijke asteroïden die op aarde terecht kunnen komen.

Wat er echter ontbreekt in het verhaal van Hulleman is een reden voor dit alles. Waarom worden mensen weggehouden van de ruimte, waarom worden observatoria gesloten en vooral wat is het voordeel voor de machthebbers achter de schermen c.q. overheden?

De strekking van de hypothese van Hulleman is een klein beetje in lijn met een artikel dat wij publiceerden op 6 april en waarin ook wordt gesteld dat één van de doelen van dit virus is om de mensheid af te leiden van wat er werkelijk in de ruimte plaatsvindt.

Waar Hulleman het dan houdt op kometen, gaan wij een stap verder door te zeggen dat het waarschijnlijk is vanwege de komst van een, bij velen hier al jaren bekende, mini-zonnestelsel. Ook dat zou namelijk exact die verstoringen teweegbrengen waar Hulleman over spreekt.

Het maakt niet uit wat je precies gelooft, de strekking van dit alles is dat er andere redenen zijn dat overheden en machthebbers achter de schermen nu komen met deze coronapandemie en dat dit mini zonnestelsel er daar wel eens een belangrijke van kan zijn.

Niemand heeft op dit moment de wijsheid in pacht, maar “out of the box” denken en het besef dat we hier niet met een natuurlijk virus te maken hebben is een begin. Vanuit die gedachte is het dan zaak om door gezamenlijk denken en hypothesen naar voren brengen, misschien wel tot de juiste antwoorden kunnen komen.

Kijk en luister naar Sven Hulleman en mocht je geïnspireerd raken en tot bepaalde inzichten komen, laat het ons weten.

{ https://niburu.co/ }

Several days ago the International Space Station captured something mysterious in the sky. You can see that this object is underneath the clouds and very out of the place.

It seems the enormous structure is partially cloaked and it doesn't look like it is a random cloud if you compare it to the other clouds and it doesn't look like it is land or water.

If we are looking at a negative image of the object then we clearly see the structure, which has a unique systematic shape.

I don't know what is going on, I've never seen anything like this but there is no doubt that the ISS cam has captured something extraordinary.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

The Pentagon Discovery of Anunnaki Underground Facilities in Romania and Iraq

Several vital facilities scattered all over the world could store the latest alien technology, more particularly the ones that belong to the Anunnaki.

One of those facilities is on the Bucegi Mountains in Romania. Conspiracy theorists suggest that Enki took refuge in the area during the flood.

It looks like this facility is protected with electromagnetic technology that enables its invisibility.

Romanian Sphinx

In 2002, an aperture that penetrated the interior of this incredible complex was discovered. The so perfect design of the cave has made conspiracy theorists to suggest that it could have been created artificially. Also, sources indicate that it has two walls of electromagnetic energy. The Pentagon reportedly locked this base shortly after discovery.

Another similar complex has been found in Iraq. Sources revealed that the Pentagon discovered it, and that could be the primary reason for the American troops for invading the country.

They found a lot of amazing things inside those caves, including cuneiform inscriptions of unknown origin.

Watch the video for more information and share your opinions with us.

Signs Of Ancient Water Pipes Found On Mars, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: April 16, 2020
Location of discovery: Mars
Source: Coming soon.

Today I went through a Mars photo and found something that really  didn't belong in this environment. I found a tool of some sort...like a pickaxe but not sharp on its ends but dull like the end of a pipe. This can't be be there and yet...it is. Perhaps this is some sort of pipe on the surface which would indicate that there was once running water which required pipes to bring it to the surface. Or perhaps this is some kind of tool, stuck in the surface of this hillside. Either way it cannot be explained by NASA. 

The photo was put into false color by NASA, so I put it back to normal color so yo can see the true color and details. 

I also found two alien faces, similar to the faces of the move ID4. One is very large and fat, probably the male. The other is smaller and more well defined with a extended long cranium, neck. Its always interesting to find a face with good detail. It shows us who left these artifacts behind. 
Scott C. Waring 

 

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

Arriving in 2029. Tom Horn exposes the untold news of Biblical Wormwood! Is the Wormwood star from Revelation 8 already headed toward Earth?

Are NASA and high-level government officials aware of an asteroid that is on a collision course with our planet?

Traditional interpretation claims that Wormwood will be an asteroid. In 2029 the large asteroid called Apophis is projected to visit Earth.

Now respected author Tom Horn blazes a trail through the many questions NASA is reluctant to even talk about.

He believes Wormwood is the asteroid Apophis - How the threat of Wormwood could create world-wide revival - Why NASA funded a Deep Space Armageddon Asteroid telescope?

Tom Horn doesn’t answer the question of what Biblical Wormwood will actually be. But we do know exactly when this large asteroid Apophis is coming.

The year 2029 is coming soon enough, and Horn’s research will give you plenty to think about!

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Look for the legendary green flash

Posted by Deborah Byrd in TONIGHT 

The green flash image at the top of this post was taken by Jim Grant, an EarthSky friend on Facebook. He captured it off the coast of Ocean Beach, California, and identified it as a mock mirage green flash.

It’s not hard to see a green flash with the eye alone, when sky conditions are right, and when you’re looking toward a very clear and very distant horizon. That’s why those who live near an ocean tend to report green flashes most often. A sea horizon is the best place to see them.

The video below, posted to EarthSky by Vladek in 2016, is an excellent example of the experience of seeing a green flash:

Most people see green flashes just at sunset, at the last moment before the sun disappears below the horizon. Be careful and don’t look too soon. If you do look too soon, the light of the sunset will dazzle (or damage) your eyes, and you’ll miss your green flash chance that day. But if you wait – looking away until just the thinnest rim of the sun appears above the horizon – that day’s green flash could be yours.

Of course, the green flash can be seen before sunrise, too, although it’s harder at that time of day to know precisely when to look.

Mock mirage and green flash seen from San Francisco in 2006.

Image via Brocken Inaglory/Wikimedia Commons.

There are many different types of green flash. Some describe a streak or ray of the color green … like a green flame shooting up from the sunrise or sunset horizon.

The most common green flash, though – the one most people describe – is a flash of the color green seen when the sun is nearly entirely below the horizon.

Again … you need a distant horizon to see any of these phenomena, and you need a distinct edge to the horizon. That’s why these green flashes, streaks, and rays are most often seen over the ocean. But you can see them over land, too, if your horizon is far enough away. Pollution or haze on the horizon will hide this instantaneous flash of the color green.

Jim Grant photographed this green flash on April 27, 2012, off the coast of San Diego.

If you’re interested in green flashes, Andrew Young’s green flash page is great. He also has a page of links to pictures of green flashes taken by people from around the globe.

And, of course, Les Cowley at the great website Atmospheric Optics devotes many pages to the green flash phenomenon. Notice the menu bar at the left side of the page; it’ll let you explore many different types of green flashes.

Green flash atop sun pyramid via astrophotographer Colin Legg in Australia.

Bottom line: The green flash is legendary, and some people have told us they thought it was a myth, like a unicorn or a pot of gold at the end of a rainbow. But green flashes are very real. You need a distant and exceedingly clear horizon to see them at the last moment before the sun disappears below the horizon at sunset.

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Are you an early riser? Then catch the old moon beneath the line-up of three bright morning planets: Jupiter, Saturn and Mars.

Can you see a green flash? More tips, plus more pictures

{ https://earthsky.org/ }