Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
Flying Saucer Recorded On IPhone Photo Burst In Arizona, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 11, 2020
Location of sighting: Jerome, Arizona, USA
Source: MUFON
Here is an interesting catch in the Arizona desert this week. A person noticed a flash of light. The persons wife was using her photo button but left her finger on it so it took numerous photos at once. The UFO shoots around at incredible speed and does a loop to come back and see the people before its leaves. The disk was apparently in a ravine about 7 meters ahead of them and appears small both because its distance and the fact its a mini disk. Not all aliens are two meters in size. Some past eyewitness reports said they saw aliens step out of UFOs that were four meters tall! Another report from an astronaut on the top secret covert mission Apollo 20 (which did happen) reports he entered a crashed abandoned alien ship at Delporte crater on the moon and upon his entrance he noticed many clear long tubes on the walls which had tiny skeletons in them that appeared human-like. Apparently the tubes allowed a smaller species of alien to also use the ship, even though the ship was mostly made for a 2 meter tall aliens in most parts of the craft. The size of aliens depends on its species.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
We had been visiting Jerome, AZ and drove up to scenic overlook on Hwy 89A above Jerome. When we exited the car, I walked up to wall at NE end of parking lot. I saw a flash of light ahead of me and asked if anyone saw it. I was only one out of 4 who did. My wife was taking a photo with her IPhone 7. When she looked at the photo, it showed what I thought I had seen. There is a flash near the wall, that moves to my right, then flashes higher above my right vision. Next frame shows a 4 sided flying object in only one frame of the “live frame” and then is gone. We have photo of it. I now believe we saw a flying ship due to the photo.
UFOs/Orbs started appearing over Monument, CO 13-Jun-2020
This UFO phenomenon was taking place in the sky above Monument, Colorado on Saturday, 13th June 2020.
Witness report:
The was 1 orb then later on another one appeared right above it. I saw 2 glowing orbs in the distance and immediately started filming. The one orb later was joined by another orb right above it. After the second orb appeared it later disappeared. Then it cam back, when suddenly the first orb disappeared while the second one remained. It continued to switch like than then later they both faded away.
A new virtual reality experience lets you fly closely, but safely, towards the supermassiveblack holeembedded in the heart of our galaxy, the Milky Way.
The "adventure" visualization is called Galactic Center VR and is based on data from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory, as well as other telescopes. The latest iteration allows viewers to see 500 years of evolution at Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the black hole in the Milky Way's Center. You can view the experience for free from Steam or Vivepoint.
The Sgr A* simulation is based on modeling from 25 extremely bright and massive objects, called Wolf-Rayet stars. Similarly to supernovas, or star explosions, Wolf-Rayet stars push their outer layers of material into space. At Sgr A*, this star-shedding activity produces supersonic winds, and the material is picked up in the black hole's gravity.
"When the winds from the Wolf-Rayet stars collide, the material is heated to millions of degrees by shocks — similar to sonic booms — and produce copious amounts of X-rays," NASA said in a statement. "The center of the galaxy is too distant for Chandra to detect individual examples of these collisions, but the overall X-ray glow of this hot gas is detectable with Chandra's sharp X-ray vision."
A new visualization, made with data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other space telescopes, allows users to experience 500 years of cosmic evolution around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy. (Image credit: NASA/CXC/Pontifical Catholic Univ. of Chile /C.Russell et al.)
The visualization displays about three light-years of space centered on Sgr A*, but the black hole is not shown to scale. It is enlarged by about 10,000 times to make it more visible; otherwise, NASA said, Sgr A* would only occupy a single pixel of space in the simulation.
Users can move around the simulation in different directions, playing with aspects such as the playback speed and the number of Wolf-Rayet winds shown. The visualization shows the Wolf-Rayet stars in white, with their orbits represented in gray. X-ray emissions are shown in blue and cyan, and wind material is portrayed in red and yellow. The overlap of wind materials and X-ray emissions is shown in purple.
Chandra is one of the two remaining NASA "Great Observatories" that launched to space in the 1990s and 2000s to observe astronomical phenomena in different wavelengths of light. The other observatories are the Hubble Space Telescope (still active), the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (decommissioned in 2000) and the Spitzer Space Telescope (retired earlier this year).
Researchers from Germany and the US have discovered an exoplanet less than twice the size of Earth orbiting at about the same distance from its star, making it the closest analog to the Earth-sun system known so far.
Diagram depicting how KOI-456.04 orbits in the habitable zone of its star, Kepler-160, at about the same distance Earth is from the sun. The planet, less than twice the size of Earth, therefore receives about the same amount of solar energy as Earth does. This is the closest Earth-sun analog discovered so far among exoplanets.
The number of potentially habitable exoplanets keeps growing, as more and more worlds orbiting distant stars are discovered. So far, most of those planets have been found orbiting red dwarfstars, since they are dimmer, and planets are easier to detect around them (and also are the most common stars in our galaxy). But now, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Göttingen, Germany, and others from the U.S., have announced that they have found a new exoworld, less than twice the size of Earth, which orbits a sunlike star, Kepler-160, just over 3,000 light-yearsfrom our solar system.
What makes this discovery of particular interest is that the planet appears to be orbiting its star at a similar distance as Earth’s from the sun, and receives almost the same amount of energy from its star as Earth does. This would make it the most similar to the Earth-sun system of any exoplanetary system discovered so far, almost a mirror image.
The peer-reviewed findings were published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 638, id. A10 and submitted to arXiv on June 3, 2020. The research also includes scientists from the Sonneberg Observatory, the University of Göttingen, the University of California in Santa Cruz and NASA.
Fuller diagram showing how the KOI-456.04 system compares to that of Earth-sun, other stars from the Kepler mission and red dwarf stars.
While the new planet – provisionally named KOI-456.04 – hasn’t been fully confirmed yet, the paper states that the probability of it being a real planet and not a false alarm is 85%. By far, most planetary candidates found do end up being confirmed later with more observations. From the paper:
The vespa software predicts that this signal has an astrophysical false-positive probability of FPP_3 = 1.8e-3 when the multiplicity of the system is taken into account. Kepler vetting diagnostics yield a multiple event statistic of MES = 10.7, which corresponds to an ~85 % reliability against false alarms due to instrumental artifacts such as rolling bands.
So what is this probable new world like?
From what we know so far, it transits its star as seen from Earth. It is estimated to have a radius of 1.9 Earth radii, making it a super-Earth, and orbits its star in 378 days. Since the star is similar to our sun, the planet receives a similar amount of energy and radiation as Earth does, about 93%. This also means that the planet resides in a similar spot in the habitable zone around the star – where temperatures could allow liquid water to exist – as Earth does in the habitable zone around our sun. The lead author of the new study, René Heller, said in a statement:
KOI-456.01 is relatively large compared to many other planets that are considered potentially habitable. But it’s the combination of this less-than-double the size of the Earth planet and its solar type host star that make it so special and familiar.
Comparison of the amount of planetary illumination – solar energy – that KOI-456.04 receives from its star as compared to Earth and the sun.
Image via René Heller et al./ Astronomy & Astrophysics/ arXiv.
If KOI-456.01’s atmosphere isn’t too dense or non-Earth-like, then there’s a good chance it could have similar surface conditions to Earth. The researchers calculated that if the planet’s atmosphere is moderate, like Earth’s, then the average temperature should be about 41 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius). Not too bad! There are, of course, still a lot of unknowns, such as the composition of the atmosphere and the planet itself and whether there is any surface water.
Kepler-160 was already known to have at least two planets, Kepler-160 b and Kepler-160 c. KOI-456.04, would be the newest, and it turns out there may actually be four planets in total. Heller said:
Our analysis suggests that Kepler-160 is orbited not by two but by a total of four planets.
The other two already known planets, Kepler-160 b and Kepler-160 c, are both larger than Earth and orbit much closer to the star. This makes them a lot less likely to be habitable. Kepler-160 c has an oddly distorted orbit, leading some scientists to theorize that another third planet, Kepler-160 d, was waiting to be discovered. Heller and his colleagues found evidence for its existence indirectly, since it doesn’t transit in front of the star as seen from Earth.
Heller and his co-author, Michael Hippke, developed a new technique for searching for exoplanets in old data from the Kepler Space Telescope (the mission ended in 2017). They decided to use a detailed physical model of stellar brightness variation instead of just looking for a step-like jump-to-dimming and then jump-back-to-normal brightness pattern in stellar light curves, as had been done previously for almost two decades. Heller explained:
Our improvement is particularly important in the search for small, Earth-sized planets. The planetary signal is so faint that it’s almost entirely hidden in the noise of the data. Our new search mask is slightly better in separating a true exoplanetary signal from the noise in the critical cases.
Artist’s concept of Kepler-160b, another world in the Kepler-160 system. It has a radius about 1.54 times that of Earth, but orbits very close to the star, making it unlikely to be habitable.
If KOI-456.01 is any indication, then the process seems to be working. Heller and his colleagues had also been able to find 18 other new exoplanets, so far, in the old Kepler data.
Kepler-160 was observed continuously by Kepler from 2009 to 2013. It is very similar to our sun, with a radius of 1.1 solar radii, a surface temperature of 9,392 degrees Fahrenheit (5200 degrees Celsius, only 300 degrees C less than the sun), and a sun-like stellar luminosity.
While KOI-456.01 is still regarded as a planetary candidate, the odds are very good that it is the real deal. But of course, scientists want to know for certain, and it’s possible that one of the more powerful ground-based telescopes will be able to fully confirm it, since it transits its star and is therefore easier to detect than with some other planet-hunting methods. Also, the European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) upcoming PLATO space telescope will be able to do that as well. One of PLATO’s primary goals is to search for Earth-sized exoplanets around sun-like stars, and is scheduled to launch in 2026. PLATO would be able to study KOI-456.01 a bit more closely, and, hopefully, reveal more about what this tantalizing world is really like.
René Heller at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), lead author of the new study.
Although red dwarfs are the most common type of star, the discovery of KOI-456.01 bodes well for the possibility that many rocky worlds like Earth also orbit sun-like stars. That in turn increases the chances of eventually finding habitable exoworlds around stars just like our own sun.
Bottom line: Researchers have discovered a new exoplanet orbiting the sun-like star Kepler-160. It is less than twice the size of Earth and orbits at about the same distance as Earth does from the sun.
Posted by Andy Briggsin ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | SPACE
In the view of modern cosmologists, the Big Bang is the event that marked the birth of our universe.
Timeline of the universe, from Big Bang to present day. The far left depicts the earliest moment we can probe so far, when a period of cosmic inflation produced a burst of exponential growth in the universe. For the next several billion years, the expansion of the universe gradually slowed down as the matter in the universe pulled on itself via gravity. More recently, the expansion has begun to speed up again as the repulsive effects of dark energy have come to dominate the expansion of the universe.
You’ve probably heard of the Big Bang as the event that gave rise to our universe. You might know most cosmologists believe it occurred some 13.8 billion years ago. It’s hard to fathom that, at the moment of the Big Bang, all of the energy in the universe – some of which would later become galaxies, stars, planets and human beings – was concentrated into a tiny point, smaller than the nucleus of an atom. And it’s not just matter that was born in the Big Bang. In the view of modern cosmologists, matter and space and time all began when that microscopic point suddenly expanded violently and exponentially.
The first atoms are thought to have formed when the universe was around 400,000 years old. Before that, the universe was simply too hot and too energetic to let atomic nuclei capture electrons. The first stars sparkled into life, cosmologists believe, about 250 million years after the Big Bang, and the first galaxies shortly after that.
The Hubble Space Telescope captured this image of an exceedingly distant galaxy called UDFj-39546284. This object has a redshift of z~10, meaning that it existed some 480 million years after the Big Bang.
Image via NASA/ ESA/ Garth Illingworth/ Rychard Bouwens/ the HUDF09 Team/ Wikimedia Commons.
Here’s another exceedingly distant (and therefore old) object, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2016. Galaxy GN-z11, shown in the inset, is seen as it was 13.4 billion years in the past, just 400 million years after the Big Bang, when the universe was only 3% of its current age. The galaxy is ablaze with bright, young, blue stars, but looks red in this image because its light has been stretched to longer spectral wavelengths by the expansion of the universe.
Image via NASA/ ESA/ P. Oesch/ G. Brammer/ P. van Dokkum / G. Illingworth/ Hubblesite.
The Big Bang refers to a theory. How could it be otherwise? The current version of Big Bang theory – the one used most by modern cosmologists – is called the Lambda-CDM model. It postulates that our universe began at a specific instant, expanded to be flat (i.e. has zero curvature) and is made up of 5% baryons (i.e. the matter that makes up everything we see – galaxies, stars, planets, people), 27% cold dark matter (hence the “CDM” of the theory’s name) and 68% dark energy.
The Lambda-CDM model further states that the universe is expanding at a rate referred to as Lambda (the Greek letter) and is governed by the principles of Einstein’s General Relativity. The Lambda-CDM model has been spectacularly successful at explaining what we observe in the universe. It makes predictions repeatedly confirmed by observation. But it is not without problems; as with all scientific theories, the Lambda-CDM model continues to evolve.
Now let’s pause a moment, so that we might draw a distinction between the appearance of all that energy in the Big Bang and its sudden expansion. In that sense, the Big Bang was not the event that caused our universe. Rather, it was the event that gave birth to the universe. Why is this distinction important? It’s important because, although science has been able to establish a history of the universe right back to when that tiny point suddenly created our entire cosmos, what preceded it, the reason for that tiny point of energy being there in the first place, is unknown, and may forever be unknowable.
The Big Bang is the theory we have constructed for how the universe we see around us came to be. It does not attempt to answer the most common question we humans ask about the origin of the cosmos: why? And this question likely cannot be answered, because, by definition, whatever caused the appearance of that tiny point of energy, containing the seeds of everything that would ever be, was not of this universe.
Therefore, whatever caused the universe left no evidence of its existence for us to study, no clue as to what it was. It is also likely that, being something completely outside the universe, we would, in any event, be unable to comprehend it. The laws of physics, of motion, of gravity, of electromagnetism, of thermodynamics, simply did not apply at the moment of the universe’s birth because they did not yet exist: they certainly cannot describe the presence and origin of that tiny seed.
That has not stopped cosmologists, who study the history and large-scale structure of the universe, from trying to answer such questions, of course, because that’s the nature of science. Some people attribute the existence of that tiny seed of energy to a god, as humans have invented gods throughout the ages to explain things they could not understand, but there is absolutely no reason for believing that idea, other than perhaps wishful thinking. There is certainly nothing we observe in the history of the universe to suggest that its origin was anything other than a natural event, even if we cannot comprehend it. On the other hand, there’s nothing to suggest the origin of our universe was not caused by a god, either.
Artist’s representation of the history of the universe and the arrow of time. Big Bang theory implies that time moves in a single direction. However, scientists have discovered that, at the quantum level, in the realm of sub-atomic particles, many processes are what we call “time-reversible”: there is no distinction between past, present and future.
The Lambda-CDM model also states that time itself started at the Big Bang, on the basis that if there are no events, there is no time to measure. This raises an old philosophical question of whether time is a human construct or exists independently of us. This question has taxed some of the greatest philosophers and scientists but has never been answered satisfactorily. Still, if we define time as the period which elapses between events, it is fair to say that time started with the Big Bang.
Another common question is: what happened before the Big Bang? That question can have no meaning if we accept the Big Bang was the start of the universe’s clock: it’s like asking what’s north of the North Pole. This answer, while demonstrating the irrationality of asking about a “before”, is not, however, satisfactory to humans accustomed to cause and effect: we reason that if the Big Bang was an event which was the result of something, some change, some instability, there had to be a before. However, that is only in our experience, in the world we are familiar with, where an event always has a cause, and has absolutely no bearing on the universe coming into being because, again, the laws of physics, which in our world govern cause and effect, simply did not exist. And as if to underline how superficial, how biased, our perception of time, scientists have discovered that at the quantum level, in the realm of sub-atomic particles, many processes are what we call “time-reversible:” there is simply no distinction between past, present and future.
It’s also important to realize that, at the moment of the Big Bang, there was no space and there were no dimensions. Space itself, and the dimensions within that space, came into being at that moment, as the bubble of energy expanded. This means that, contrary to what most people believe, the Big Bang was not an explosion. Think of anything exploding, and it explodes into a space, an area, which was there already. But in the case of the Big Bang, there was no preexisting space for an explosion to occur in.
A related question which is often asked is: where did the Big Bang happen? Those who ask this believe you can point at a location in the sky and say, “it happened there.” But the answer to the question is that the Big Bang happened everywhere. It’s just that everywhere existed within that tiny bubble of infinitely-hot expanding energy, because there was literally nothing outside it – no space, no dimensions, nothing. Watch any documentary about the Big Bang and it will show it as a huge explosion, viewed from outside. But such a viewpoint is impossible – there was no “outside”. One cannot, of course, blame filmmakers for this: there is simply no way to portray the Big Bang visually in a way which is scientifically accurate. It’s doubtful we even have the vocabulary to describe it, let alone portray it.
Space itself is believed to have been born in the Big Bang.
Artist’s concept via Christine Daniloff/ MIT/ ESA/ Hubble/ NASA/ Phys.org.
If you find it difficult to get your head around the idea of the Big Bang happening everywhere, with no outside, at a particular moment when time started some 13.8 billion years ago, you are not alone. The human brain is not well equipped for dealing with such concepts. Even when Edwin Hubble, in the 1920s, demonstrated that the universe is expanding in all directions, and therefore, if you wind the clock back far enough, all of the universe must have occupied one tiny point, the idea that the universe had a definite beginning, and was therefore not infinitely old, was simply unacceptable to many. Among these who rejected the Big Bang were prominent scientists: Einstein himself denied the idea of an expanding universe. Another scientist who rejected the notion of a universe of finite age was famed British astronomer Sir Fred Hoyle, the man who, more than any other individual, unlocked the mystery of how stars work.
Hoyle gave a series of lectures on BBC radio in the late 1940s and early ’50s, and, on one of these – on the BBC’s Third Programme broadcast on March 28, 1949 – he poured derision on the idea of the universe beginning at a fixed point in time and referred to cosmologists’ description of the event as a “Big Bang.” Unfortunately for Hoyle, the name stuck, and we’ve called this event the Big Bang ever since.
Fred Hoyle. He coined the term “Big Bang” to describe the event in which our universe was born, while explaining a rival theory, the Steady State theory, in a radio talk in 1949
Hoyle never accepted that the universe had a beginning, even until his death at the age at 86 in 2001. He became the leading proponent of Steady State Theory, which says that the universe has no beginning or end: it constantly regenerates itself, with new matter condensing out of nothing.
Hoyle’s blunt intransigence – he was from Yorkshire, an English county said to be famed for the plain-speaking and directness of its inhabitants – was not lessened by the subsequent success of Big Bang theory, not even after it successfully predicted the abundancies of light elements, such as hydrogen, helium and lithium, in the universe. Nor did he come to accept the Big Bang when Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the predicted Cosmic Microwave Background, the Big Bang’s dying echo, in 1964. Steady State Theory had predicted none of these things, nor did it have explanations for them.
Nor was Hoyle fazed when Alan Guth constructed the theory of Cosmological Inflation as a refinement to existing Big Bang theory in 1979. Inflation explains why the universe is the same temperature everywhere and is “flat”, amongst other features of the universe not hitherto explained, although it has yet to be observationally completely verified.
Even the year before he died, Hoyle published yet another scientific paper on Steady State theory, but by this time his ideas were completely rejected by most cosmologists. And, sadly for him, they were also rejected by the overwhelming observational evidence for the Big Bang. Steady State Theory just does not work, makes false predictions and is contradicted by what we actually see in the universe. As a hypothesis – lacking supporting observational evidence, it was that rather than a theory, although commonly referred to as such – it essentially died with Hoyle.
Today, the Lambda-CDM Big Bang model is the only theory that makes any testable predictions and that is supported by observations.
Most cosmologists today believe we know the history of the universe back to 10-21 seconds after the Big Bang – that’s 0.0000000000000000000001 seconds. The painstaking piecing together of this history over the last 50 years, although lacking in fine detail as it undoubtedly is, represents humans’ greatest intellectual achievement, our species’ crowning glory. It has been achieved through an unparalleled synthesis of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, particle physics, chemistry and other sciences.
But science will not rest until we can push our theories back even further in time, to that exact moment when the universe came into being.
Artist’s concept of the Big Bang, the event now believed to have marked our universe’s birth. If we looked far enough back in time, could we witness the birth of the universe?
Bottom line: At the moment of the Big Bang, all of the energy in the universe – some of which would later become galaxies, stars, planets and human beings – was concentrated into a tiny point, smaller than the nucleus of an atom. And it’s not just matter that was born in the Big Bang. In the view of modern cosmologists, matter and space and time all began when that microscopic point suddenly expanded violently and exponentially.
Reports of an alienUFOin Brazil took over social media in May this year, with many claiming extraterrestrials crashed just north of Rio de Janeiro. Scores of conspiracy theorists took to Twitter and Facebook to share pictures and video clips of glowing lights in the skies. One video in particular even alleged to show the UFO crash site in the forest of Mage, along Brazil's east coast and Guanabara Bay.
As the story gained traction, the hashtag #MageUFO began trending on Twitter.
Soon after, the hashtag seemingly disappeared and many of the shared video clips were taken down, leading people to speculate a coverup was in action.
According to the Brazilian news site UOL, local authorities and the Air Force had no record of unidentified flying objects around the time of the supposed crash.
So what exactly happened in Brazil last month and did alien UFOs really visit our planet?
According to investigators from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), the Brazil UFO story was a well-constructed hoax.
The MUFON team said: "The case, which has been widely circulated on social media outlets, has been determined to be nothing more than an elaborate hoax."
MUFON is a non-profit organisation tasked with collecting eyewitness accounts, videos and photos of UFO sightings.
The investigation into the Brazil UFO was led by the Brazillian Director for MUFON Ademar José Gevaerd.
The MUFON chief determined there was no factual evidence to back the UFO crash story.
Brazil UFO: Some said this Google Maps photo was proof of the UFO
My team and I have intensively investigated this alleged case
Ademar José Gevaerd, MUFON
He said: "My team and I have intensively investigated this alleged case and found out that it is a total hoax.
"It started with a fake audio about a supposed UFO crash published over the net, later assumed to be a fabrication by the female author.
"As time went on the story got bigger and bigger every day, with many alleged witnesses making all sorts of claims, all disconnected from each other, all exaggerated, and mostly lies."
According to Mr Gevaerd, some people claimed to have heard "telepathic" requests for help from the downed aliens trapped inside of their spacecraft.
COAST TO COAST AM 2020 – In the first half, pioneer in the development of exopolitics, Michael Salla, discussed the secret space program developed by China, and their understanding that the next major war between superpowers will be fought in the “strategic high ground” of space.
A media phenomenon, Coast to Coast AM deals with UFOs, strange occurrences, life after death, and other unexplained (and often inexplicable) phenomena.
University of Maryland researchers conduct first simultaneous analysis of hundreds of earthquakes to identify echoes from features deep inside Earth
University of Maryland geophysicists analyzed thousands of recordings of seismic waves, sound waves traveling through the Earth, to identify echoes from the boundary between Earth’s molten core and the solid mantle layer above it. The echoes revealed more widespread, heterogenous structures—areas of unusually dense, hot rock—at the core-mantle boundary than previously known.
In the illustration, earthquakes send sound waves through the Earth. Seismograms record the echoes as those waves travel along the core-mantle boundary, diffracting and bending around dense rock structures. New research provides the first broad view of these structures, revealing them to be much more widespread than previously known.
Image credit: Doyeon Kim/University of Maryland
Scientists are unsure of the composition of these structures, and previous studies have provided only a limited view of them. Better understanding their shape and extent can help reveal the geologic processes happening deep inside Earth. This knowledge may provide clues to the workings of plate tectonics and the evolution of our planet.
The new research provides the first comprehensive view of the core-mantle boundary over a wide area with such detailed resolution. The study was published in the June 12, 2020, issue of the journal Science.
The researchers focused on echoes of seismic waves traveling beneath the Pacific Ocean basin. Their analysis revealed a previously unknown structure beneath the volcanic Marquesas Islands in the South Pacific and showed that the structure beneath the Hawaiian Islands is much larger than previously known.
“By looking at thousands of core-mantle boundary echoes at once, instead of focusing on a few at a time, as is usually done, we have gotten a totally new perspective,” said Doyeon Kim, a postdoctoral fellow in the UMD Department of Geology and the lead author of the paper. “This is showing us that the core-mantle boundary region has lots of structures that can produce these echoes, and that was something we didn’t realize before because we only had a narrow view.
Earthquakes generate seismic waves below Earth’s surface that travel thousands of miles. When the waves encounter changes in rock density, temperature or composition, they change speed, bend or scatter, producing echoes that can be detected. Echoes from nearby structures arrive more quickly, while those from larger structures are louder. By measuring the travel time and amplitude of these echoes as they arrive at seismometers in different locations, scientists can develop models of the physical properties of rock hidden below the surface. This process is similar to the way bats echolocate to map their environment.
The image shows how areas of hot, dense rock called ultralow-velocity zones deep inside the earth bend and diffract sound waves produced by earthquakes. By analyzing the diffracted waves recorded by seismograms, scientists can determine the size and shape of ULVZs.
Image credit: Doyeon Kim/University of Maryland
For this study, Kim and his colleagues looked for echoes generated by a specific type of wave, called a shear wave, as it travels along the core-mantle boundary. In a recording from a single earthquake, known as a seismogram, echoes from diffracted shear waves can be hard to distinguish from random noise. But looking at many seismograms from many earthquakes at once can reveal similarities and patterns that identify the echoes hidden in the data.
Using a machine learning algorithm called Sequencer, the researchers analyzed 7,000 seismograms from hundreds of earthquakes of 6.5 magnitude and greater occurring around the Pacific Ocean basin from 1990 to 2018. Sequencer was developed by the new study’s co-authors from Johns Hopkins University and Tel Aviv University to find patterns in radiation from distant stars and galaxies. When applied to seismograms from earthquakes, the algorithm discovered a large number of shear wave echoes.
“Machine learning in earth science is growing rapidly and a method like Sequencer allows us to be able to systematically detect seismic echoes and get new insights into the structures at the base of the mantle, which have remained largely enigmatic,” Kim said.
The study revealed a few surprises in the structure of the core-mantle boundary.
“We found echoes on about 40% of all seismic wave paths,” said Vedran Lekić, an associate professor of geology at UMD and a co-author of the study. “That was surprising because we were expecting them to be more rare, and what that means is the anomalous structures at the core-mantle boundary are much more widespread than previously thought.”
The scientists found that the large patch of very dense, hot material at the core-mantle boundary beneath Hawaii produced uniquely loud echoes, indicating that it is even larger than previous estimates. Known as ultralow-velocity zones (ULVZs), such patches are found at the roots of volcanic plumes, where hot rock rises from the core-mantle boundary region to produce volcanic islands. The ULVZ beneath Hawaii is the largest known.
This study also found a previously unknown ULVZ beneath the Marquesas Islands.
“We were surprised to find such a big feature beneath the Marquesas Islands that we didn’t even know existed before,” Lekić said. “This is really exciting, because it shows how the Sequencer algorithm can help us to contextualize seismogram data across the globe in a way we couldn’t before.”
The research paper, “Sequencing Seismograms: A Panoptic View of Scattering in the Core-Mantle Boundary Region,” by D. Kim, V. Lekić, B. Ménard, D. Baron and M. Taghizadeh-Popp, was published in the June 12, 2020, issue of the journal Science.
This work is supported by Packard Foundation Fellowships and the National Science Foundation (Award No. EAR1352214). The content of this article does not necessarily reflect the views of these organizations.
Contacts and sources:
Kimbra Cutlip University of Maryland College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences
Publication: “Sequencing Seismograms: A Panoptic View of Scattering in the Core-Mantle Boundary Region,” by D. Kim, V. Lekić, B. Ménard, D. Baron and M. Taghizadeh-Popp, was published in the June 12, 2020, issue of the journal Science.
For further reading, please see Doyeon Kim’s website on this work:
Russian Probe Destroyed By Strange Cigar Shaped Object 30,000 Metres In Length!
Whilst the official explanation for the sudden loss of the Phobos 2 probe on March 27, 1989 is an onboard computer failure…the subject of alien tampering was raised, and has never really been silenced. The last image taken by the Phobos 2 spacecraft is of a dark shadow, thought to belong to a gigantic craft. This has sparked rumours about the failed Phobos 1 and Phobos 2 missions. Was there something ‘out there’ responsible for this?
Presented by Jaime Maussan
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NASA Scientists Discover Unexpected Mineral on Mars
This low-angle self-portrait of NASA's Curiosity Mars rover shows the vehicle at the site from which it reached down to drill into a rock target called "Buckskin." The MAHLI camera on Curiosity's robotic arm took multiple images on Aug. 5, 2015, that were stitched together into this selfie.
Scientists have discovered an unexpected mineral in a rock sample at Gale Crater on Mars, a finding that may alter our understanding of how the planet evolved.
NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, has been exploring sedimentary rocks within Gale Crater since landing in August 2012. On sol 1060 (the number of Martian days since landing), the rover collected powder drilled from rock at a location named “Buckskin.” Analyzing data from an X-ray diffraction instrument on the rover that identifies minerals, scientists detected significant amounts of a silica mineral called tridymite.
This detection was a surprise to the scientists, because tridymite is generally associated with silicic volcanism, which is known on Earth but was not thought to be important or even present on Mars. Tridymite requires high temperatures and high silica concentrations to form, conditions which most typically are found in association with silicic volcanism.
The discovery of tridymite might induce scientists to rethink the volcanic history of Mars, suggesting that the planet once had explosive volcanoes that led to the presence of the mineral.
Scientists in the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) Division at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston led the study. A paper on the team’s findings has been published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“On Earth, tridymite is formed at high temperatures in an explosive process called silicic volcanism. Mount St. Helens, the active volcano in Washington State, and the Satsuma-Iwojima volcano in Japan are examples of such volcanoes. The combination of high silica content and extremely high temperatures in the volcanoes creates tridymite,” said Richard Morris, NASA planetary scientist at Johnson and lead author of the paper. “The tridymite was incorporated into ‘Lake Gale’ mudstone at Buckskin as sediment from erosion of silicic volcanic rocks.”
The paper also will stimulate scientists to re-examine the way tridymite forms. The authors examined terrestrial evidence that tridymite could form at low temperatures from geologically reasonable processes and not imply silicic volcanism. They found none. Researchers will need to look for ways that it could form at lower temperatures.
“I always tell fellow planetary scientists to expect the unexpected on Mars,” said Doug Ming, ARES chief scientist at Johnson and co-author of the paper. “The discovery of tridymite was completely unexpected. This discovery now begs the question of whether Mars experienced a much more violent and explosive volcanic history during the early evolution of the planet than previously thought.”
I found this UFO in an old NASA photo. The photo is taken in Earths orbit and looking downward towards Earth. Not far below, there is a bronze color disk visible. The disk has a dome or hump at its center and is thin on its edges. This is 100% proof that aliens are watching and recording the human race in space. The transition of humans moving from earth to living in space is a huge step for any species...and this is something very rare. Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
I found this white substance below a rock on Mars. I have seen it many times in other photos...probably over 50 times. The substance is always creating a wall in a gap of rock so that the white wall allows a hollow space within the area. I have even seen huge faces carved into the white substance. This leads me to believe that the substance is used as a wall or door while some animal hibernates within for safety or to stay cooler during the hot days on Mars.
There is also the possibility that the white substance is a fungus growing in some cooler locations below the rocks. I will continue to report this white walls and keep you up to date about them in the future.
Tourist accidentally caught rare flat rectangular UFO near Jerome, Arizona
Whether alien or man-made, one thing is for sure, there are many strange objects equipped with advanced technology flying through our sky. Now, what appears to be a flat, rectangular UFO has been caught on camera by a tourist while visiting an observation point on the highway 89a above Jerome, Arizona on June 11, 2020.
Tourist states: We had been visiting Jerome, Arizona and drove up to scenic overlook on highway 89a above Jerome. when we exited the car. I walked up to wall at near end of parking lot when I saw a flash of light ahead of me and asked if anyone saw it, but I was only one out of 4 who did.
My wife was taking photos with her iPhone 7 when she looked at the photos, it showed what I thought I had seen. there is a flash near the wall, that moves to my right, then flashes higher above my right vision. The image, which I sent to Mufon, shows a 4 sided flying object in only one frame and then it is gone.
Other videos of UFOsin Arizona, selected peter2011
Formation of UFOs over Bethpage, Tennessee 13-Jun-2020
UFOs flying in the night sky above Bethpage, that’s located along U.S. Route 31E, northeast of neighboring Gallatin. This was taken yesterday (13th June 2020).
Witness report:
Woke up just before 4 am on June 13th, 2020. Heard noises around the house . Checked front door , checked back door , turned on the patio light but didn’t go outside …. and I noticed a v – shaped pattern of lights over my neighbor’s house! I took my phone out and recorded… this v shaped object was lit up with lights that seem to brighten then dim … or glow and then get dim again … kind of flashing ? Very strange! I watched for about 10 min went back to my room , checked on my small puppy that I left on my bed … she was up so I got her some water and put her back near my husband (who was sleeping ) I waited for her to lay back down and get comfortable and then went back to the back patio and whatever it was was gone !
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A Milky Way flash implicates magnetars as a source of fast radio bursts
High-energy event nearby could help explain mystery signals from distant galaxies
A bright radio burst generated by a magnetar (one illustrated) in our galaxy hints that similar objects are responsible for at least some of the fast radio bursts in other galaxies, which have puzzled astronomers for over a decade.
Astronomers think they’ve spotted the first example of a superbright blast of radio waves, called a fast radio burst, originating within the Milky Way.
Dozens of these bursts have been sighted in other galaxies — all too far away to see the celestial engines that power them (SN: 2/7/20). But the outburst in our own galaxy, detected simultaneously by two radio arrays on April 28, was close enough to see that it was generated by a highly magnetic neutron star called a magnetar.
That observation is a smoking gun that magnetars are behind at least some of the extragalactic fast radio bursts, or FRBs, that have defied explanation for over a decade (SN: 7/25/14). Researchers describe the magnetar’s radio burst online at arXiv.org on May 20 and May 21.
“When I first heard about it, I thought, ‘No way. Too good to be true,’” says Ben Margalit, an astrophysicist at the University of California, Berkeley, who wasn’t involved in the observations. “Just, wow. It’s really an incredible discovery.”
In addition to giving magnetars an edge over other proposed explanations for FRBs, such as those involving black holes and stellar collisions, observations of this Milky Way magnetar may clear up a debate among theorists about how magnetars crank out such powerful radio waves.
Researchers first noted an intense radio outburst from a young, active magnetar about 30,000 light-years away, dubbed SGR 1935+2154, in an astronomer’s telegram. The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, or CHIME, radio telescope in British Columbia had detected about 30 decillion, or 3 × 1034 ergs of energy from the burst. That was far brighter than any flash of radio waves previously seen from any of the five magnetars in and around the Milky Way known to emit radio pulses.
That report inspired another group of astronomers to check concurrent data from the Survey for Transient Astronomical Radio Emission 2, or STARE2, detectors in the southwestern United States. STARE2, which watches the sky for radio signals at a different set of frequencies than CHIME, measured a whopping 2.2 × 1035 ergs from the burst.
“This thing put out, in a millisecond, as much energy as the sun puts out in 100 seconds,” says Caltech astronomer Vikram Ravi, who was on the team that analyzed the STARE2 data. That made this event 4,000 times as energetic as the brightest millisecond radio pulse ever seen in the Milky Way. If such an intense burst had happened in a nearby galaxy, it would have looked just like a fast radio burst.
“I was basically in shock,” says radio astronomer Christopher Bochenek of Caltech, who combed through the STARE2 data to find the burst. “It took me a while, and a call to a friend, to calm me down enough to go and make sure that this thing was actually real.”
The weakest FRB that has been observed in another galaxy was still about 40 times more energetic than SGR 1935+2154’s radio flare. But that’s “pretty close, on astronomical terms,” says Keith Bannister, a radio astronomer at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Sydney, who was not involved in the work. Magnetars like this “could be responsible for some fraction, if not all of the FRBs that we’ve seen so far,” he says. “This motivates future studies to try and find similar sorts of objects in other, nearby galaxies.”
If magnetars do generate extragalactic FRBs, then SGR 1935+2154 could give new insight about how these objects do it. Theorists currently have many competing ideas about magnetar FRBs, Margalit says. Some think the FRB radio waves originate right in the thick of the star’s intense magnetic fields. Others suspect radio waves are emitted when matter ejected from the magnetar collides with material farther out in space.
Different magnetar FRB scenarios come with different predictions about the appearance of X-rays that should be emitted along with the radio waves. Extragalactic FRBs are so far away that “the X-rays are kind of hopeless to detect,” Margalit says. But SGR 1935+2154 is close enough that spaceborne detectors saw a gush of X-rays from the magnetar at the same time as the radio burst. A closer look at the brightness, timing and frequency of those X-rays could help theorists evaluate magnetar FRB models, Margalit says.
After 14 years, the Mars rover Opportunity is still roving about and taking measurements on the Martian surface, due to these mysterious, recurring “cleaning events,” which have wiped the rover’s heavily-encrusted solar panels completely clean, enabling it to receive solar power and to continue doing its tasks.
The Opportunity is designed to power down during the night and it is during these periods, while it is not recording anything that something (or someone) has been conducting these deep cleaning events, as evidenced by the rover’s own cameras, which have several times photographed from one day to the next, the solar arrays change from completely covered in red dust to sparkling clean. These cleaning events have been attributed to wind but given the encrusted state of the panels and the apparent “power washes” they receive, this just doesn’t seem possible to me.
Ironically, the notorious hacker Gary McKinnon, who allegedly hacked NASA’s databases and discovered crew lists for off-planetary missions called “Solar Warden” is seen on the YouTube comment thread of this video, defending the wind hypothesis, saying, “…the atmosphere is thinner and the gravity is far less so dust blows off easily.”
Listen to a couple ideas about humanity's future on the moon and you'll likely hear about the game-changing potential of a substance you probably have in your freezer: water ice.
Would-be explorers have high hopes they can harvest ice hidden below the moon's surface, both for astronauts to drink and to make rocket fuels to make round trips cheaper. But the image of robots tearing up the lunar surface and processing frozen water out from other compounds skips a step in considering resources on the moon. Ice will never be the first resource humans use on the moon, experts emphasized at a recent scientific conference.
Instead, it will be sunlight.
"The first and easiest resource that we have there is solar energy," Jake Bleacher, a geologist and chief exploration scientist at NASA headquarters in Washington, said during the Lunar Surface Science Virtual Workshop held digitally on May 28.
Energy means power, particularly for operating instruments on the lunar surface, as well as for supporting the long-term base on the moon that NASA plans to build as part of the agency's Artemis program, the short-term goal of which is to land humans at the south pole by 2024.
The two resources are direct opposites and both rely on how the moon aligns with the sun. Unlike Earth's, the axis on which the moon rotates is more or less perpendicular to the plane of the solar system, which contains the sun, Earth and moon. It's Earth's axial tilt that gives us seasons, as one hemisphere tilts to receive more sunlight, making incredibly long days at the pole, then much less for a near-constant polar night.
Not so on the moon. There, the daily cycle is constant. At the poles, the lack of tilt means light and dark are governed in large part by terrain, as more elevated locations block sunlight from reaching lower areas.
On the dark side of this divide are permanently shadowed regions, many in the craters that scar the moon's surface, where temperatures are always cold enough that water ice remains frozen. On the light side of the divide are locations sometimes nicknamed the "peaks of eternal light" — and it's here that the first lunar resource harvesters would go, exploration experts say.
"The polar location, which was specified by the [Artemis program mandate from the National] Space Council, is enabling because of the existence of the locations of near-permanent sunlight," Sam Lawrence, a planetary scientist at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, said during his own presentation on the same day. "It is the illumination that's a resource."
Nevertheless, it's the potential for water ice that prompts the most discussion during these meetings and stars in NASA's written visions for how lunar exploration will become sustainable under the Artemis program.
"We heard a lot about the polar volatiles story and, to be sure, it's a good one," Lawrence said. "But it's the illumination that is the resource we're actually going after with the Artemis missions."
SpaceX last night successfully captured its rocket fairing - part of the nose cone - after another successful mission launch of Falcon 9.
Footage captured the moment the rocket part returned to Earth via parachutes and was caught by the droneship Ms Tree in the Atlantic Ocean.
The Falcon 9 two-stage rocket was sent to orbit and was carrying the AMOS-17 communications satellite.
SpaceX last night successfully captured its rocket fairing after another successful mission launch of Falcon 9 (pictured)
The footage, posted by SpaceX boss Elon Musk on Twitter, captured the moment the rocket part returned to Earth via parachutes and was caught by the droneship Ms Tree in the Atlantic Ocean
It was the third flight for the Falcon 9 booster which was jettisoned into space during this mission.
On the boosters previous trip to space it returned to Earth and landed itself.
Elon Musk, SpaceX CEO, posted a video of the capture to Twitter saying: 'Rocket fairing falls from space & is caught by Ms Tree boat.'
A later tweet was posted with a higher resolution video of the landing.
The fairing makes up the protective cover at the very top of the Falcon 9 rocket and protects the payload from the intense heat of leaving Earth's atmosphere.
It is useless once the rocket has left the atmosphere so splits in two and is released. SpaceX is trying to improve the recycling and reuse of different rocket parts
Elon Musk, SpaceX CEO, posted a video of the capture to Twitter saying: 'Rocket fairing falls from space & is caught by Ms Tree boat.' A later tweet was posted with a higher resolution video of the landing
It is useless once the rocket has left the atmosphere so splits in two and is released.
SpaceX is trying to improve the recycling and reuse of different rocket parts.
Ms Tree, formerly known as Mr Steven, is directed remotely and is intended to catch valuable parts before they splash down in the Atlantic Ocean after launching from Cape Canaveral.
It failed several times and was first successful last launch.
Ms Tree, formerly known as Mr Steven, is directed remotely and is intended to catch valuable parts before they splash down in the Atlantic Ocean after launching from Cape Canaveral
THE BILLIONAIRE SPACE RACE
Jeff Bezos in front of Blue Origin's space capsule
Jeff Bezos' space tourism project with Blue Origin is competing with a similar programme in development by Space X, the rocket firm founded and run by Tesla CEO Elon Musk, and Virgin Galactic, backed by Richard Branson.
Bezos revealed in April 2017 that he finances Blue Origin with around $1 billion (£720 million) of Amazon stock each year.
The system consists of a pressurised crew capsule atop a reusable 'New Shepard' booster rocket.
Jeff Bezos is the richest man in the world and Blue Origin has successfully used a single New Shepard Rocket six times.
At its peak, the capsule reached 65 miles (104 kilometres), just above the official threshold for space and landed vertically seven minutes after liftoff.
Crewed missions for astronauts or tourists have yet to be announced.
SpaceX appears to be leading the way in the billionaire space race with numerous launches carrying NASA equipment to the ISS and partnerships to send tourists to space by 2021.
On February 6 2018, SpaceX sent rocket towards the orbit of Mars, 140 million miles away, with Musk's own red Tesla roadster attached.
Elon Musk with his Dragon Crew capsule
NASA has already selected two astronauts who will be on-board the first manned Dragon mission.
SpaceX has also started sending batches of 60 satellites into space to help form its Starlink network.
Musk hopes this will provide an interconnected web of satellites around Earth which will beam down free internet to people all around the world.
Richard Branson and Virgin Galactic are taking a different approach to conquering space.
It has repeatedly, and successfully, conducted test flights of the Virgin Galactic’s Unity spaceplane.
The first took place in December 2018 and the latest took place on February 22nd.
The flight accelerated to over 2,000 miles per hour (Mach 2.7).
More than 600 affluent customers to date, including celebrities Brad Pitt and Katy Perry, have reserved a $250,000 (£200,000) seat on one of Virgin's space trips,
The billionaire mogul has previously said he expects Elon Musk to win the race to Mars with his private rocket firm SpaceX.
Richard Branson with the Virgin Galactic craft
SpaceShipTwo can carry six passengers and two pilots. Each passenger gets the same seating position with two large windows - one to the side and one overhead.
The space ship is 60ft long with a 90inch diameter cabin allowing maximum room for the astronauts to float in zero gravity.
It climbs to 50,000ft before the rocket engine ignites. SpaceShipTwo separates from its carrier craft, White Knight II, once it's passed the 50-mile mark.
Passengers become 'astronauts' when they reach the Karman line, the boundary of Earth's atmosphere.
The spaceship will then make a sub-orbital journey with approximately six minutes of weightlessness, with the entire flight lasting approximately 1.5 hours.
Planets with DUSTY atmospheres could be harbouring alien life as they trap water and keep temperatures down, study suggests
Researchers examined the impact atmospheric dust has on planet habitability
They found that in tidally locked planets dust can increase the habitable zone
These life sustaining dusty worlds would be like Tatooine in the Star Wars saga
These tidally locked dusty planets are expected to orbit just inside the habitable zone of most red dwarf stars - the most common star type found in the universe
Alien life may be common throughout the universe, researchers claim, saying it could be thriving on planets orbiting distance stars with a dusty atmosphere.
Exoplanets outside the the solar system are less likely to be too hot or cold if they have a dusty atmosphere and are tidally locked, according to the study.
They would look similar to the land depicted in David Lynch's 1984 sci-fi blockbuster Dune, or Luke Skywalker's home planet Tatooine in Star Wars.
This discovery, by researchers from the University of Exeter, dramatically extends the number of planets able to host life - and expands the possible habitable zone.
The dust in the atmosphere of planets orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone of red dwarf stars, collects in the atmosphere and stops water leaving.
A visualization of three computer simulations of terrestrial exoplanets, showing winds (arrows) and airborne dust (color scale), with an M-dwarf host star in the background.
Met office physicist Dr Ian Boutle, based at the University of Exeter, explained: 'On tidally locked planets - where the same side always faces the star - dust cools it.
'At the same time, the night-side is kept warmer - therefore widening the habitable zone for such planets to exist in.'
He added: 'Dust can slow down a planet's water loss at the inner edge of the habitable zone - and warm planets at the outer edge.'
These tidally locked dusty planets are expected to orbit just inside the habitable zone of most red dwarf stars - the most common star type found in the universe
These worlds would look similar to the land depicted in David Lynch's 1984 sci-fi blockbuster Dune, or Luke Skywalker's home planet Tatooine in Star Wars (pictured)
Also known as the 'Goldilocks zone', it is the area where the temperature is just right - by allowing water - essential for life as we know it - to flow on the surface.
On Earth and Mars dust storms have both cooling and warming effects - with the former typically winning out but planets in a synchronised orbit 'are very different'.
'Here, the dark sides are in perpetual night, and the warming effect wins out, whereas on the dayside, the cooling effect wins out,' said Boutle.
'The effect is to moderate the temperature extremes, thus making the planet more habitable, similar to the world shown in the sci-fi movie Dune.'
His team performed a series of simulations of rocky, Earth-sized exoplanets using state-of-the-art climate models.
It showed for the first time that naturally occurring mineral dust will have a significant impact on whether an exoplanet can support life.
'The results highlight the need to consider the potential effects of dust when studying terrestrial exoplanets,' said Dr Boutle.
This airborne material, mainly comprising particles of carbon-silicate from the surface, effects a climate system. The phenomenon has been ignored, until now.
It makes worlds habitable over a greater range of distances from their star - widening the window for those capable of sustaining life.
Planets orbiting close to suns smaller and cooler than Earth's, known as M-dwarfs, are likely to exist in 'synchronised rotation-orbit states' - resulting in permanent day and night sides - also known as being tidally locked like the Moon.
The experiments by the Met Office researcher, found dust cools down and warms up the hotter day and night sides, respectively.
For planets in general, they suggested cooling by airborne dust plays a significant role at the inner edge of the habitable zone.
This is where it gets so hot planets lose their surface water and become inhabitable - a scenario thought to have occurred on Venus.
What's more, the study showed dust can obscure the presence of key biomarkers such as water vapour, methane and oxygen.
The findings will also boost efforts to discover alien microbes and more complex forms of life, by narrowing down the best places to look and opens up a wider habitable zone.
Stock image
'This should be taken into consideration when interpreting observations about the habitability of exoplanets,' said Boutle.
The presence of mineral dust is known to play a substantial role in climate - both regionally on Earth and globally on Mars.
Co author Professor Manoj Joshi, of the University of East Anglia, said the possibility of exoplanets supporting life depends on the atmospheric make-up as well as the amount of light from its star.
'Airborne dust is something that might keep planets habitable, but also obscures our ability to find signs of life on these planets,' he said.
'These effects need to be considered in future research.'
The quest to identify habitable planets far beyond our solar system is an integral part of current and future space missions.
Many missions are focused on answering the question of whether we are alone.
Latest calculations suggest there could be two trillion galaxies in the universe. The Milky Way alone has at least 100 billion alien planets, and possibly many more.
Location of extreme exoplanet seen in Pisces constellation
Scientists study the atmosphere of distant exoplanets using enormous space satellites like Hubble
Distant stars and their orbiting planets often have conditions unlike anything we see in our atmosphere.
To understand these new world's, and what they are made of, scientists need to be able to detect what their atmospheres consist of.
They often do this by using a telescope similar to Nasa's Hubble Telescope.
These enormous satellites scan the sky and lock on to exoplanets that Nasa think may be of interest.
Here, the sensors on board perform different forms of analysis.
One of the most important and useful is called absorption spectroscopy.
This form of analysis measures the light that is coming out of a planet's atmosphere.
Every gas absorbs a slightly different wavelength of light, and when this happens a black line appears on a complete spectrum.
These lines correspond to a very specific molecule, which indicates it's presence on the planet.
They are often called Fraunhofer lines after the German astronomer and physicist that first discovered them in 1814.
By combining all the different wavelengths of lights, scientists can determine all the chemicals that make up the atmosphere of a planet.
The key is that what is missing, provides the clues to find out what is present.
It is vitally important that this is done by space telescopes, as the atmosphere of Earth would then interfere.
Absorption from chemicals in our atmosphere would skew the sample, which is why it is important to study the light before it has had chance to reach Earth.
This is often used to look for helium, sodium and even oxygen in alien atmospheres.
This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium
A visualization showing computer simulations of three terrestrial exoplanets, depicting winds (arrows) and airborne dust (color), with an M-dwarf host star in the background.
Dusty alien planetsmight have a better chance at harboring life, a new study suggests.
Scientists studying the potential habitability of alien worlds look at a number of key factors, including temperature and composition (is it a rocky planet? Is it gaseous?). But in a new paper, scientists explore one often overlooked variable that could indicate whether life could exist on an exoplanet: dust.
Now, we know that dust plays a role in climate here on Earth and also on Mars. According to this new study from researchers at the University of Exeter in the U.K., the Met Office (the U.K.'s national weather service) and the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England, planets with significant amounts of airborne mineral dust could be habitable within a greater range of distance from their star. This creates a wider window of exoplanets that might be capable of harboring life.
In this study, researchers looked at M-dwarf planets, exoplanets which orbit close to cooler stars smaller than our sun. These planets usually orbit their stars in synchronous rotation, so there is a permanent day side of the planet facing the star and a permanent night side facing away. They performed a number of simulations of terrestrial planets and, using climate models, showed how the presence of substantial amounts of airborne mineral dust on the planet affected it.
They found that dust would cool the hot day side of such an exoplanet and would warm its cold night side.
"On Earth and Mars, dust storms have both cooling and warming effects on the surface, with the cooling effect typically winning out," Ian Boutle, lead author of this study from the Met Office and the University of Exeter, said in a statement.
"But these 'synchronized orbit' planets are very different. Here, the dark sides of these planets are in perpetual night, and the warming effect wins out, whereas on the dayside, the cooling effect wins out. The effect is to moderate the temperature extremes, thus making the planet more habitable,"
However, while dust might be a key factor in some planets' habitability, it also complicates scientists' ability to observe these planets. "Airborne dust is something that might keep planets habitable, but also obscures our ability to find signs of life on these planets. These effects need to be considered in future research," co-author Manoj Joshi, a professor at the University of East Anglia said in the same statement.
This research included work from undergraduate physics students, aiming to not only expand our understanding of exoplanet habitability, but to also support early-career researchers.
"To be able to involve undergraduate physics students in this, and other projects, also provides an excellent opportunity for those studying with us to directly develop the skills needed in such technical and collaborative projects," co-author Nathan Mayne, a professor at the University of Exeter, said in the statement.
Asteroid 2020 LD passed within the moon’s distance on June 5, but wasn’t discovered until June 7. It’s the 45th known and the largest asteroid to sweep within a lunar-distance of Earth so far in 2020.
We hear a lot about asteroids or comets passing close to Earth, but what does “close” mean? For a comet, it might mean millions of miles. For an asteroid, it might mean enormous distances as well, beyond the moon’s orbital distance of about a quarter-million miles. On the other hand, space rocks coming closer than our moon catch people’s attention, especially if the asteroids are good-sized! That was the case with asteroid 2020 LD, which swept closest to Earth on June 5, flying by at only about 80% of the moon’s distance (190,559 miles or 306,675 km). At around 400 feet (122 meters) in diameter, 2020 LD is the largest asteroid to have come within one lunar-distance this year … or last year … in fact, since 2011. And it also ranks as one of the biggest asteroids ever to fly this close to Earth without being previously detected. That’s right. 2020 LD passed undetected on June 5. No one noticed it until two days later, on June 7.
That’s when astronomers using the 0.5-meter ATLAS telescope at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, first noticed this Apollo type asteroid traveling at 60,826 miles per hour (97,890 km/h) relative to Earth.
It was only after analyzing the space rock’s orbit that scientists realized its closest approach to Earth had happened two days before, on June 5.
Asteroids fly between the moon’s orbit and Earth pretty frequently. You might be surprised at how frequently. The chart below – via The Watchers – shows the number of asteroids that have come that close from January 1 to June 9, 2020.
But 2020 LD isn’t your typical close-passing asteroid. Again, it’s the biggest asteroid to have passed within the moon’s orbit since 2011.
Is a 400-foot asteroid large in an absolute sense? Not particularly. On the scale of asteroids in general – those orbiting mostly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter – we might say that 2020 LD falls somewhere between medium and small. The biggest asteroids are hundreds of miles in diameter.
That said, asteroid 2020 LD is big enough to cause considerable damage if it were to have hit us. As a comparison, the space rock that caused Meteor Crater near Flagstaff, Arizona – a crater around 0.75 miles wide (1.2-km wide) – was estimated to be about 150 feet (about 46 meters) in diameter. That asteroid struck some 50,000 years ago.
How about a more recent comparison? The asteroid that entered Earth’s atmosphere as an amazing meteor over Chelyabinsk, Russia, on February 15, 2013, didn’t cause a huge crater (although some fragments were eventually recovered). But it did cause a shockwave that broke windows in six Russian cities, causing some 1,500 people to seek medical attention, mostly for flying glass. That original asteroid was an estimated 66 feet (20 meters) in diameter.
Size isn’t the only factor when determining an asteroid’s potential to cause damage. The asteroid’s composition and its angle of entry into Earth’s atmosphere are also determining factors.
Did you know you can calculate the effects of any asteroid impact via this cool impact calculator created by Jay Melosh, an atmospheric scientist at Purdue University? You could take the numbers of the various asteroids mentioned in this article – and plug them into that calculator – and scare yourself handily! Visit the impact calculator.
In the meantime, as far as we know, space rock 2020 LD is nothing to worry about. At this writing, 50 years is the length for which its orbit has been well calculated. It won’t come so close to Earth again as it did this month for at least that many years … and likely much, much longer.
Bottom line: Asteroid 2020 LD passed within the moon’s distance on June 5, 2020, but wasn’t discovered until June 7. It’s the 45th known and the largest asteroid to sweep within a lunar-distance of Earth so far in 2020.
Wetenschappers ontdekken gigantische onbekende structuren diep in de aarde
De aarde blijft verrassen. Wetenschappers hebben mysterieuze objecten in de buurt van de aardkern gevonden. De enorme structuren zijn ontdekt met behulp van seismische gegevens die in sommige gevallen 30 jaar oud zijn.
De structuren bevinden zich op zo’n 3000 kilometer diepte. De onderzoekers hebben hun bevindingen gepubliceerd in vakblad Science.
Eén van de objecten is ontdekt onder de Marquesaseilanden (foto) in de Stille Oceaan. Dit object was nog nooit eerder gedetecteerd. Een ander bevindt zich onder Hawaï en is veel groter dan tot nu toe werd aangenomen.
Minstens 1000 kilometer
Het team van de Universiteit van Maryland gebruikte seismogrammen van honderden verschillende aardbevingen tussen 1990 en 2018.
“Deze studie is heel speciaal omdat we voor het eerst systematisch hebben gekeken naar zo’n grote dataset die vrijwel het hele Pacifische bekken omvat,” zei hoofdonderzoeker Doyeon Kim tegen Vice.
Het team ontdekte twee zogeheten ‘mega-ULVZ’s’ die zich uitstrekken over een gebied van minstens 1000 kilometer. Mega-ULVZ’s zijn gigantische structuren bestaande uit exotische materialen.
Echt spannend
De wetenschappers hopen een methode te ontwikkelen om diep in de aarde te kijken. Zo willen ze onder meer achterhalen wat zich onder de Atlantische Oceaan afspeelt.
Er is nog maar weinig bekend over de samenstelling van de structuren. Eerdere studies hebben weinig nuttige informatie opgeleverd.
“We waren verrast dat we zo’n grote structuur onder de Marquesaseilanden aantroffen waarvan we het bestaan niet kenden,” reageerde professor Vedran Lekic. “Dit is echt spannend.”
There are two things you can count on besides death and taxes – the Sun and the Moon … unless you’re on Saturn. While the Sun, feeble as it might shine on Saturn, isn’t going anywhere, its largest moon, Titan, is pulling away from the planet at a rate 100 times faster than astronomers think it should. Will Saturn lose its largest and most interesting moon? Can Earth pick it up?
Pictured: This undated NASA handout shows Saturn's moon, Titan, in ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths. The Cassini spacecraft took the image while on its mission to. gather information on Saturn, its rings, atmosphere
“Tidal friction within Saturn causes its moons to migrate outwards, driving them into orbital resonances that pump their eccentricities or inclinations, which in turn leads to tidal heating of the moons.”
“Pumping your eccentricities” is not a good thing for humans to do, and now it seems it’s bad for moons too, at least in the case of Saturn and other large gas giants. In a new study published in Nature Astronomy, scientists use data from the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft – which mapped Titan’s surface by radar starting in 2004 and continuing well beyond its planned completion in 2008 (Cassini finally crashed into Saturn in 2017) – to study the orbital expansion of Titan. While Earth and its Moon have a push-pull relationship with Earth domination, Saturn gaseous state give it less influence over its moons, causing them to move away – a little understood process. (Earth’s Moon is moving away too, but very slowly.)
Saturn and its moon Titan, as seen by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft.
Jim Fuller, assistant professor of theoretical astrophysics at Caltech and study co-author, explained in the NASA press release that he predicted four years ago that Titan is moving away much faster than expected. Two teams (from NASA, ESA and the Italian Space Agency) were formed and applied different techniques to measure changes in Titan’s orbit over ten years to test his theory. One used astrometry, which compared Titan’s position in relation to stars and planets, while the other used radiometry, which used electromagnetic radiation to calculate Titan’s gravitational pull.
“By using two completely different datasets, we obtained results that are in full agreement, and also in agreement with Jim Fuller’s theory, which predicted a much faster migration of Titan.”
Paolo Tortora, study coauthor and professor of aerospace systems at the University of Bologna in Italy, gave the results — Titan is moving away from Saturn 100 times faster than previously thought — about 4 inches (11 cm) per year. For comparison, Earth’s Moon is moving away at 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) per year. One conclusion from this is that Saturn’s rings and moons all started out much closer to the planet and are moving away faster than once believed. This will eventually help scientists put a timeframe on the entire process and better understand it.
At 4 inches per year, Titan is a long way from escaping Saturn’s gravity, but it’s certainly possible. What happens after that? While it has never been seen in any solar system, a report in 2019 studied the idea and dubbed escaping moons “Ploonets” – predicting they would enter their own orbit around their star. That’s probably what will happen to Titan and the Moon. It may not affect Saturn, but this will be catastrophic to Earth – if it wasn’t a catastrophic event that sent the Moon on its way in the first place.
Yes, Ploonets would be a great name for a band and “Pumping Your Eccentricities” a great idea for a song.
Sprawled out across South central Colorado and North central New Mexico is a 120-mile-long-by-forty-mile wide, four-thousand-square-mile tract of semiarid desert scrubland called the San Luis Valley. Surrounded by the sweeping, jagged peaks of the Sangres de Cristos mountains, which are adorned with pristine wilderness, this is the largest alpine valley in the world. It is a remote place, sun beaten, sparsely populated, and almost inhospitable in its dryness, home to more cattle than people. This is a parched, isolated land long considered sacred by the local Native people, and it also happens to be ground zero for a variety of high strangeness and also the location of perhaps one of the earliest cases of a mysterious livestock mutilation on record, which launched the mystery into the mainstream.
One thing that can be said about this quiet valley is that it is absolutely infested with UFOs. Over the years there have been an estimated 257 UFO sightings per 10,000 in population within a clearly defined area, a degree of intensity that has prompted the Computer UFO Network (CUFON) to crown it as the highest per capita UFO sighting hotspot in the United States and possibly even the world. UFOs are constantly sighted here. With the UFOs come other strangeness as well, and the valley has become a hotspot for the phenomenon of cattle mutilations. This is when cattle or other livestock are found dead and in very strange circumstances. The carcasses are usually cut up, drained of blood, missing soft-tissue organs or other extremities, dismembered, or otherwise mutilated in a variety of ways, always showing a surgical precision to the cuts not consistent with the attack of a predator such as a coyote or mountain lion. There are typically other oddities as well, such as a lack of flies or strange substances seeping from the wounds, which are sometimes even cauterized. Dead, butchered cattle will be reported miles away from where they disappeared or in inaccessible places. There is never any sign of tracks of any perpetrator around the body, no scuff marks or sign of a struggle, and sometimes there aren’t even tracks from the dead animal, as if it has just materialized there or been carefully placed from the air. Usually there is no blood at all, and a distinct lack of decomposition or damage from scavengers. Even insects are usually said to shun these mystery corpses. It is all very bizarre, and the San Luis Valley supposedly just happens to be the origin of all of it.
Although the cattle mutilation phenomenon usually involves cows, the animal death that is believed to have been the first to kick off the phenomenon in the San Luis valley was not a cow, but a horse. The horse in question was an Appaloosa named Lady, which was cared for by a man named Harry King, who lived with his mother and sister on the King Ranch, at the base of the Blanca Massif near the town of Alamosa. One day in September of 1967, Lady failed to come on out to the fence to get her usual treat and water. This was very unusual for Lady, as she always came out at the same time every day. It was odd enough that King became worried and decided to go look for the horse, but he was unprepared for the gruesome scene he was about to find.
He found Lady out in the field lying on her side, which was already very strange, but as King drew closer he could see that Lady was in fact dead, and stripped of all flesh from the head to the shoulders, the bones and skull full exposed while the rest of the body was intact. Or at least, sort of intact. It was found that there were swaths of flesh missing from the animal’s flanks, which seemed to have been cut out with precision using a very sharp instrument, and the heart, lungs, and brain were missing. The entire carcass seemed to be drained of blood as well, and oddly there was no splatter from the cuts that had been inflicted. There were other bizarre clues in the area as well. Pervading the whole scene was allegedly a strong, distinctly chemical smell, and not far from the carcass were found what were later described as “giant horse-like tracks,” as well as scorch marks on the ground that looked like exhaust marks from a rocket taking off. The tracks of Lady herself reportedly ended 100 yards away from where the mutilated body was sprawled out, with no other footprints between them to give away who could have possibly placed it there. There was also found a flattened ring of bushes with indentations that formed a circle within it, and on these bushed was supposedly found a green, gelatinous substance that irritated the skin when touched. Nearby was found a shard of metal with horse hair in it, and the bushes, burn marks, and the metallic object were all later found to be imbued with levels of radioactivity.
When law enforcement arrived they tried to write it off as death by lightning strike, but this explanation didn’t match any of the evidence at all. Several days later, the police brought out a pathologist by the name of Dr. John Altshuler for a more expert opinion. The body at this point had been there for several days, yet there was no sign of bloating or decomposition, and no flies like one would expect to be buzzing about. Indeed, the corpse supposedly had very little deterioration at all, and oddly seemed to have been completely ignored by scavengers. He quickly ascertained that besides the heart and brain, the animal was also weirdly missing its thyroid gland and all of the tissue from within its spinal cord. Why? Who knows? Altshuler also concurred that the cuts were clean and had been expertly done, and dismissed suggestions from the police that it could have been the work of coyotes or other predators. He was completely puzzled by the state of the carcass, and would later say:
I have done hundreds of autopsies. You can’t cut into a body without getting some blood. But there was no blood on the skin or the ground. No blood anywhere. The outer edges of the skin were cut firm, almost as if they had been cauterized by a modern day laser, but there was no cauterizing laser technology like that in 1967.
After the discovery of the body, reports from locals saying they had seen strange lights in the sky near the King Ranch at around the time of the incident, as well as black helicopters afterwards, all added to the mystery, and combined with the bizarre state of the carcass before long reporters were flocking in and it was hitting the news. The horse, now given the rather morbid nickname “Snippy” due to its enigmatic condition, became a local celebrity and people were whispering that it was everything from the work of aliens and flying saucers, to Satanic cults, to secret government experiments. At the same time another pathologist, this one a Dr. Robert Adams, was sent by the U.S. Air Force to examine the corpse as part of the Condon Committee, a precursor to the UFO study project called Project Blue Book. According to Adams, the condition of the horse’s body was due to “no unearthly causes, at least not to my mind.”
The case of Snippy the horse is widely accepted as starting the trend of the cattle mutilation phenomenon, as dozens of reports began to come from all over the valley before spreading out into the world at large, with the San Luis Valley being ground zero for all of it. The valley alone would experience nearly 1,000 such reports from 1967 to the present, with a major peak seen in the 1980s, and around 10,000 cases have been reported nationwide after the Snippy incident. Over the years other elements have been added to the lore. Sometimes shadowy figures are seen hunched over the dead animals extracting blood with metal tubes. A popular detail in some reports is that unmarked black helicopters will chase people away from the scenes of these mutilations, and accounts of ranchers being approached by military personnel and told to keep quiet, making it all very ominous indeed.
Snippy’s remains would end up being displayed on the sidewalk in front of the Chamber of Commerce, after which they passed to a private museum and decades later ended up on e-Bay. In the meantime, the cattle mutilation phenomenon has been discussed and dissected for years. It has been explained away as lightning strikes, the work of predators, or simple vandals, but the thing is none of the evidence fits in with any of this. There is also the fact that many of these ranchers are very experienced, and know what a dead cow or whatnot should look like, so why is it that they should be so startled? The phenomenon of cattle mutilations seems to be far from settled, and has happened all over the world, yet it is interesting to know that it all seems to have originated in this one lonely valley with a sweet little horse named Lady.
For further reading on Snippy and much more of the high strangeness of the San Luis Valley, researcher Christopher O’Brien has documented numerous strange cases across the valley and written The Mysterious Valley (1996), Enter the Valley (2007), and Stalking the Herd (2015).
Abandoned mining crawler spotted on Mars previously used by an unknown intelligent specie
Aphotograph taken by the Curiosity Mars Rover shows an abandoned mining crawler or at least a part of the crawler likely used to take Mars materials.
The same photo also shows what looks like a strange human-like figure dressed in a black suit on top of the ridge apparently inspecting something, but of course it just could be an incorrect perception of a natural mars object.
About the mining crawler, although our brains are not used to seeing alien technology, this object is clearly a machine or part of a machine previously used by an unknown intelligent specie.
Video – Do Extraterrestrials lived in Mexico before 7000 Years ago?
ANCIENT treasure including artefacts which are said to to depict alien beings “found in a historic cave” have added to claims ancient civilisations on Earth were visited by advanced species from outer space.
The ancient aliens theory claims there is evidence in historical records of a race of advanced astronauts arriving on Earth and helping our forefathers build monuments such as the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt.
It is based on supposed depictions of flying saucers and alien-like beings in thousands of year old arts and crafts, coupled with the mysteries of how structures like the pyramids and Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, which were constructed with technology of the time.
Now, a video has gone viral online claims to have produced further evidence to support the alien myth.
In the video, you see a number of what appears to be Klaus Dona artefacts, which are known to date back thousands of years.
Some of the figures display alien-like figures, with long faces and round eyes.
And more sculptures appear to show spaceships floating above the ground, Dailystar.co.uk reports.
Others are said to be completely unexplainable and some claim it could its proof several other races co-existed thousands of years ago.
The clip was captured in Mexico and uploaded to YouTube channel UFOmania before going viral.
Viewers have tried to get to the bottom of the mystery.
One posted: “Haven’t seen these artefacts before, but none of this surprises me. There’s a lot more to come.”
And another added: “Incredible evidence to support that extraterrestrials have been engaging the human race for a very long time.”
A third believed: “They lived on Earth for over 7,000 years and they created man.”
Others were not as convinced, stating they may not be entirely real.
A viewer pointed out: “All in mint condition, I reckon they are fake.”
Others said that just because objects in the shape of no human creatures were created, it did not mean these creatures ever truly existed.
One posted: “So, the fact that an ancient culture drew pictures and made sculptures of creatures that don’t look like any known life form on Earth proves their existence?
“Ok, so by the same logic, Centaurs, Minotaurs, Dragons, Unicorns, Satyrs, and Gryphons must all exist.”
MIST ON THE MARQUESAS ISLANDS. IMAGE: TOM PATTERSON
Scientists have discovered a vast structure made of dense material occupying the boundary between Earth’s liquid outer core and the lower mantle, a zone some 3,000 kilometers (1,864 miles) beneath our feet.
The researchers used a machine learning algorithm that was originally developed to analyze distant galaxies to probe the mysterious phenomenon occurring deep within our own planet, according to a paper published on Thursday in Science.
One of these enormous anomalies, located deep under the Marquesas Islands, had never been detected before, while another structure beneath Hawaii was found to be much larger than previously estimated.
Scientists led by Doyeon Kim, a seismologist and postdoctoral fellow at the University of Maryland, fed seismograms captured from hundreds of earthquakes that occurred between 1990 to 2018 into an algorithm called Sequencer. While seismological studies tend to focus on relatively small datasets of regional earthquake activity, Sequencer allowed Kim and his colleagues to analyze 7,000 measurements of earthquakes—each with a magnitude of at least 6.5—that shook the subterranean world under the Pacific Ocean within the past three decades.
“This study is very special because, for the first time, we get to systematically look at such a large dataset that actually covers more or less the entire Pacific basin,” Kim said in a call. Though scientists have previously mapped out structures deep inside Earth, this study presents a rare opportunity to "bring everything in together and try to explain it in a global context,” he noted.
Earthquakes create seismic waves that travel through Earth’s interior where they become scattered and distorted by structures deep inside our planet. These warped patterns are captured in seismograms, which are recordings of wave activity inside Earth, enabling seismologists to capture rare glimpses of Earth’s inaccessible underworld.
The team focused on seismograms produced by shear (S) waves that travel along the boundary between Earth’s core and the lower portion of the mantle that borders it. These waves are the slower secondary waves that follow the initial tremors made by earthquakes, called primary (P) waves, and they generally produce clearer signals.
“We normally like to use S waves because they are larger in amplitude and the data is more or less clean because there is less P wave traffic,” said Kim. In particular, the team looked for the shear waves diffracting along the core-mantle boundary. “Because it diffracts along that surface, it’s a great phase to look for these tiny structures on top of the core-mantle boundary,” Kim noted.
When the shear waves hit these structures, they produce a type of echo-like signature known as a “postcursor” (there are helpful figures of this process on Kim’s website). These echoes indicate the presence of anomalies deep inside Earth called ultra low velocity zones (ULVZs), which are dense patches on the core-mantle boundary.
Nobody knows exactly how ULVZs are formed or what they are made of, but it’s clear that they have diameters of about a hundred kilometers and that they are dense enough to slow down waves that pass through them.
By running thousands of seismograms through Sequencer, Kim and his colleagues found that the strongest postcursor signals in their dataset emanate from under Hawai’i and the Marquesas Islands. This is tantalizing evidence of the existence of two “mega-ULVZs,” zones that stretch for about 1,000 kilometers, or more.
AN UPDATED MAP OF EARTH'S INTERIOR BASED ON THE NEW STUDY. IMAGE: D. KIM, V. LEKÍC, B. MÉNARD, D. BARON AND M. TAGHIZADEH-POPP
While the Hawaiian structure has been partially mapped out in previous studies, Kim’s team found that its dimensions are much larger than expected. Meanwhile, the mega-ULVZ detected under the Marquesas Islands represents “a previously unidentified localized wave-speed anomaly,” according to the study.
Mega-ULVZs are intriguing structures not only due to their size, but because they may be composed of exotic materials that date back to a time before Earth had a Moon. These huge anomalous chunks could be partially melted material that predate the Moon formation event, which scientists think was a gigantic collision between early Earth and a Mars-sized object more than four billion years ago.
“This is very interesting because this might indicate that mega-ULVZs are special and may host primitive geochemical signatures that have been relatively unmixed since early Earth history,” Kim said.
The new study demonstrates the applications of algorithms like Sequencer, which use a special type of process called unsupervised learning, in processing complex datasets like those found in astronomy, seismology, and countless other scientific fields. As opposed to supervised learning algorithms, which are trained to sort information based on known labels, unsupervised algorithms are designed to find insights in unlabelled datasets.
“What if we don’t really know what to look for in the dataset?” explained Kim. “This is the typical question we’d like to think about because the lower mantle, the target of our study, still has so many unknowns. It’s not really surprising to find almost anything in the lower mantle because we cannot actually go inside and take a look at it with our bare eyes.”
“When you use a sequencer, what it actually does is find additional information hidden behind this dataset,” he continued. “So, what we did here is find an optimal arrangement in the dataset itself. We’re not actually altering the dataset; we’re not doing anything but just rearranging and finding this optimal arrangement. That’s what Sequencer does.”
The team plans to continue developing this novel way of peering into Earth by examining higher-frequency waves that might yield finer details about the enigmatic structures on the core-mantle boundary. The researchers also hope to expand their dataset to seismograms produced under the Atlantic Ocean.
“We’re hoping that Sequencer will be able to basically let us use all of these diverse datasets and bring them together to look for these lower mantle structures systematically,” Kim concluded.
“That is our vision going forward, to answer more questions about the lower mantle in general.”
MILIEUUit nieuw onderzoek van Amerikaanse wetenschappers blijkt dat in 11 nationale parken in de Verenigde Staten afgelopen jaar zo’n 1.000 ton microplastic uit de lucht viel. Dat is ongeveer gelijk aan 120 miljoen plastic flesjes. Het plastic komt er via wind en regen terecht. Tegen 2025 verwachten de wetenschappers dat er 11 miljard ton plastic in de natuur verspreid zal zijn.
Microplastics zijn kunststofdeeltjes die kleiner zijn dan 5 millimeter die het meest gebruikt worden in het maken van kleding. De onderzoekers namen 14 maanden lang staaltjes van regenwater en de lucht en kwamen zo terecht bij het verontrustende cijfer. “Het getal was zo hoog, het is schokkend”, kadert hoofdonderzoeker Janice Brahney van de Utah State University.
Om de stalen te verzamelen, gebruikten de onderzoekers emmers met sensoren die automatisch opengingen of sloten. Als het regende, ging de emmer die het water moest verzamelen open en de emmer die luchtstalen moest nemen, sloot zich.
Gevaarlijker dan zure regen
De plastic regen zou mogelijk nog gevaarlijker zijn voor de natuur dan zure regen. Die soort neerslag ontstaat wanneer stikstofdioxide en zwaveldioxide zich mengen in de wolken. Maar de plastics zouden ondertussen al overal ter wereld verspreid zijn, terwijl er op dit moment geen manier is om de gebieden ervan te zuiveren. Bovendien vergaat het microplastic niet, maar breekt het af in nog kleinere deeltjes: nanoplastic.
Voorlopig is het nog niet duidelijk wat het effect van het plastic in de natuur precies is. “De chemicaliën die aan het plastic verbonden zijn, kunnen een negatief effect hebben op de aarde. Veel ervan is nog theoretisch, we moeten het nog verder onderzoeken”, klinkt het bij Steve Allen, microplastic onderzoeker aan de universiteit van Strathclyde.
Secret Space vs. Deep State, Antarctica Disclosure and Pentagon Disclosure via Michael Salla
COAST TO COAST AM – Dr. Michael Salla, pioneer in the development of exopolitics and author exposing US government policies on ET existence, shared updates on Antarctica, the secret space force, and Pentagon disclosure. President Trump has reversed his position and become supportive of the idea of a “Space Corps,” and Salla believes there was a kind of undeclared civil war between factions of the US military and the ‘Deep State.’ The Air Force, he said, started taking the lead in disclosing the existence of secret space fleets, including antigravity crafts with rectangular, triangular, and saucer shapes.
A media phenomenon, Coast to Coast AM deals with UFOs, strange occurrences, life after death, and other unexplained (and often inexplicable) phenomena.
Radiation Poisoning From A Close Encounter In Texas
DECEMBER 29, 1980 …. HUFFMAN TEXAS
An extremely haunting UFO sighting which has well stood the test of time was an event which took place in the Piney Woods of Texas, near the town of Huffman. On the chilly night of December 29, 1980, two women and one child encountered a craft of unknown origin, and all three suffered not only emotional trauma, but severe physical injury as well.
A drive through the Piney Woods of Texas at night is a lonely, somewhat spooky one to begin with, but on this particular night, a routine drive turned into a life-changing event for these three people.
Fifty-one-year-old Betty Cash was driving through the woods traveling from New Caney to Dayton on Farm to Market road 1485. Riding with her was her friend, Vickie Landrum, fifty-seven-years-old, and Vickie’s seven-year-old grandson, Colby. They were looking for an open Bingo game, but found all of them closed down for the Holiday season.
They stopped for a meal at a restaurant, and then continued their journey. Soon, the three began to see a light in the distance, and in a few short minutes this light became a glowing object, slowly crossing the tops of the tall pine trees. The area that they were in was densely occupied by pine and oak trees, surrounded by occasional swamps and small lakes.
As they proceeded along their way, their initial thought was that the object was an airplane or helicopter from one of the airfields not too distant from their location. Suddenly, ahead of them loomed an immense diamond-shaped craft, which was hovering over the road ahead of them! At regular, fast intervals, the object would shoot down a stream of reddish-orange flames. Vickie would later describe it as being “like a diamond of fire.”
Being a devout Christian, she had never believed in UFOs or extraterrestrials, and at this moment, she believed that she was witnessing the end of the world.
They could also hear a constant beeping sound as the strange craft spit out its fiery downspout. Frightened, Betty came to a quick stop to keep from running under the craft. The car’s heater had been running to kill the frosty air of the night, but now the inside of her vehicle was so hot she had to turn off her heater, and leave the car, along with Vickie and Colby. Now outside of the vehicle, they could hear a steady roaring sound coming from the frightening sight ahead of them.
Young Colby became so afraid that his grandmother took him back into the car to comfort him. Betty stayed outside. In some strange way, she was fascinated with the almost unbelievable vision before her.
As she stood watching the craft, suddenly the sky was full of helicopters. Betty said, “They seemed to rush in from all directions… it seemed like they were trying to encircle the thing.” She assumed that they were from Tomball Airfield, northwest of Houston, or Ellington Air Force Base, south of Houston.
The eerie object now began to lift into the air, and proceed to the southwest, with helicopters in pursuit.
As Betty returned to the car, the door handle was so hot she could hardly open the front door. Her hand was burned getting inside. She immediately turned on her air conditioner to cool off the inside of the vehicle. After the object had left the area, they restarted their vehicle, hoping to get home and never see the craft again.
But after several miles of dark highway, they left the Farm to Market road in favor of the freeway. Ahead in the distance, they could again see the object with its bright lights illuminating the helicopters which were still trying to encircle it.
At this vantage point, the two ladies could actually count the number of copters in the air, 23. Some of them they identified as the double rotor CH-47 Chinook; the others were the faster, single engine rotor type, which they thought were Bell-Huey.
After a fast trip home, all three of the witnesses became extremely sick within the next few hours. Betty’s head and neck were blistered, and soon her eyes were swollen shut. She was also terribly nauseated.
By the next morning, she was almost in a coma. Vickie and Colby suffered very similar symptoms, yet not as severe as Betty’s.
After a couple of miserable days being cared for at Vickie’s home, Betty checked into a hospital where she was treated as a burn victim, remaining for 15 days. Her hair began to fall out, and her eyes swelled so badly she could not see for about a week.
Colby had problems with his eyes, and Vickie was losing her hair also.
In addition, her scalp was numb and painful. All three of the victims were treated for radiation poisoning, and their condition was listed by doctors as life-threatening. Before long, skin sores developed, weight loss began, and skin cancer was diagnosed.
As to the origin of the helicopters, local air bases were questioned, but would not admit to sending any helicopters out that night.
The only public statement made by military officials came from Fort Hood press officer Major Tony Geishauser. In an interview with the Corpus Christi Caller newspaper, he stated that no Fort Hood aircraft were in the Houston area that night.
“I don’t know any other place around here that would have that number of helicopters,” he said. “I don’t know what it could be… unless there’s a super secret thing going on and I wouldn’t necessarily know about it.”
The black top road was badly damaged by the emissions from the craft that night, but it was very quickly repaired. Investigators were at a loss to explain the events of that night, except to say that Betty, Vickie, and Colby had encountered a craft of undetermined origin, or possibly an experimental government craft.
The three unwilling participants in this event sued the U.S. Government for medical damages, but during a congressional hearing, the Department of the Army Inspector General denied any military involvement in the case, and disallowed any compensation for the three unwilling participants in the Piney Woods affair.
There would be several other witnesses to the strange craft / and or helicopters of that night. Among them were:
An off duty Dayton, Texas policeman and his wife who were driving home from Cleveland the same night and saw a large number of CH-47s.
A Crosby, Texas man who was directly under the flight path, reported seeing a large number of heavy military helicopters flying overhead.
A Dayton, Texas, oilfield worker Jerry McDonald saw a large UFO fly directly overhead while he was in his back garden. He thought it might be a blimp at first, but soon knew it was something more sinister. “It was kind of diamond-shaped and had two twin torches that were shooting brilliant blue flames out the back,” he said. He saw that it had two bright lights on it and a red light in the center.
In a freaky circumstance of luck, corroboration of the unknown object of that night would come in 1981. In April, a CH-47 flew into Dayton for the purpose of a public showing. This allowed local residents to view the machine, both inside and out. Colby spotted the helicopter as it was flying into town, and became very upset.
Vickie took him to the landing site, hopefully to allay his fears. As they reached the Chinook, a long line of locals had already formed, waiting to see the giant machine.
When their turn finally came, Vickie and Colby entered the helicopter.
Accompanied by another visitor in addition to Colby, Vickie began to recount her experience in the Piney Woods. Vickie and the other unnamed witness both claimed that the pilot said he had been in the air the night of the traumatic sighting.
He was sent to check on a UFO that was in trouble near Huffman!
Vickie began to discuss her injuries due to the burns and radiation poisoning. Upon hearing her confession, the pilot quickly clammed up, and moved them out of the craft. The pilot was later found by the UFO group VISIT.
He would only admit that he knew of the Cash/Landrum case, but refused to admit that he had been in the area the night of the sighting. NOTE: The above image is CGI.
The Ark of the Covenant and the Egyptian Kings Chamber Sarcophagus... The Secret Connection!
The world is full of ancient wonders that defy rational explanation. How did early civilizations manage to construct incredible landmarks? Mountain tops sheered off to create what looks to be runways, cutting rocks as if they were made of butter, and generating electric fiends and frequencies? These are just a few of the discoveries that require a scientific explanation.
2nd video description.. All around the world there are any scripts, texts and scrolls from many ancient civilizations that speak of the same event. The Gods that descended from the Heavens and brought with them great knowledge and teaching, which included the method of building huge stone constructions. But what other teachings did they provide humanity?
The Native American Beings Known as Thunder People... Where Did They Really Come From?
There are traditions and beliefs that span the world that are seemingly identical, and that is of the mysterious Thunder People and the great creator, symbolised as a huge flying bird. These mysterious beings were said to be able to become mortal, but many were feared as they could emit lightning from there eyes, hence.. the thunder bolt. Greek mythology also speaks of such beings. The evidence point to these beings, being real and maybe even worshipped throughout the America’s.
All content on this channel is licensed, and or produced by Zohar Entertainment Group/Awakening Expo/Phenomena Magazine.
I found a pyramid off of Cuba and then noticed another pyramid near it and then...a sunken ship. About 15 years ago I heard about some American soldiers from a submarine going into a bar in Cuba and shooting of their mouths about an underwater ancient city they found off the coast of Cuba. They said it had hundreds of buildings and was incredibly intact. They also said they saw numerous pyramids in it. So I have been looking for this location for years. Today I actually seem to have found part of it. Watch the video I made below to find it for yourselves. Remember this is the web browser version, not the downloaded version. Its not visible on the downloaded version, its been blacked out in that whole area! That really makes me think Google hid it on purpose so that the city will remain hidden.
Aerial film of the mysterious megalithic alignments in Carnac, France
They date from around 2300 BC- 4500 BC and with more than 3,000 standing stones which were hewn from local granite it is the largest collection of megaliths on the planet that are designed in parallel lines with semicircular 'cromlechs' often at either end. Some examples stretch for several miles, now disturbed by housing and roads.
Why they were built is a mystery, but author Howard Crowhurst has decoded the geometry and astronomy of the sites in two lectures at Megalithomania:Watch here and here .
In this aerial film we fly over several sets of the mysterious megalithic alignments in Carnac and the surrounding areas in northwestern France- five examples: the famous (and largest) Menec alignments, the Kerlescan Alignments, the Kerzerho Stones at Evdeven, Saint Barbe Alignments at Plouharnel and the Kerbougnec Cromlech and St Pierre Alignments near Quiberon.
Recent UFO sighting: Spinning UFO over Phoenix, Arizona
This spinning disc-shaped UFO was filmed in the daytime sky above Phoenix in Arizona. This happened back in 2019 (22nd June) but it was just today released to MUFON.
Witness report:
A black flopping tic tac or disc that just didn’t look like any bird I’ve seen. Other birds in video look totally different.
Another great night vision filmed UFO activity in the sky above Oregon. This happened recently in June 2020 and it was filmed by Youtube user whotookmymojo.
Witness report:
Amazing control over illumination. filmed 11-1-12 NV Generation 3P
MIST ON THE MARQUESAS ISLANDS. IMAGE: TOM PATTERSON
Scientists have discovered a vast structure made of dense material occupying the boundary between Earth’s liquid outer core and the lower mantle, a zone some 3,000 kilometers (1,864 miles) beneath our feet.
The researchers used a machine learning algorithm that was originally developed to analyze distant galaxies to probe the mysterious phenomenon occurring deep within our own planet, according toa paper published on ThursdayinScience.
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One of these enormous anomalies, located deep under the Marquesas Islands, had never been detected before, while another structure beneath Hawaii was found to be much larger than previously estimated.
Scientists led by Doyeon Kim, a seismologist and postdoctoral fellow at the University of Maryland, fed seismograms captured from hundreds of earthquakes that occurred between 1990 to 2018 into an algorithm called Sequencer. While seismological studies tend to focus on relatively small datasets of regional earthquake activity, Sequencer allowed Kim and his colleagues to analyze 7,000 measurements of earthquakes—each with a magnitude of at least 6.5—that shook the subterranean world under the Pacific Ocean within the past three decades.
“This study is very special because, for the first time, we get to systematically look at such a large dataset that actually covers more or less the entire Pacific basin,” Kim said in a call. Though scientists have previously mapped out structures deep inside Earth, this study presents a rare opportunity to "bring everything in together and try to explain it in a global context,” he noted.
Earthquakes create seismic waves that travel through Earth’s interior where they become scattered and distorted by structures deep inside our planet. These warped patterns are captured in seismograms, which are recordings of wave activity inside Earth, enabling seismologists to capture rare glimpses of Earth’s inaccessible underworld.
The moon's orbit around the planet is getting farther away faster than previously predicted.
Saturn and its moon Titan, as seen by NASA's Cassini spacecraft. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute)
Saturn's moon Titan is zooming away from its ringed parent 100 times faster than scientists expected.
According to a new study, Saturn's largest moon was "born" fairly close to the planet, but over the course of 4.5 billion years, it has migrated out to where it orbits currently, approximately 746,000 miles (1.2 million kilometers) away from the planet. The Saturnian moon's orbit is now expanding away from Saturn at a rate 100 times faster than scientists had previously predicted.
"Most prior work had predicted that moons like Titan or Jupiter's moon Callisto were formed at an orbital distance similar to where we see them now," Jim Fuller, assistant professor of theoretical astrophysics at Caltech and co-author on the new study. "This implies that the Saturnian moon system, and potentially its rings, have formed and evolved more dynamically than previously believed."
Moons exert a small gravitational pull on the planets they orbit, tugging at the planet. This gravitational interaction is what causes tides in the oceans here on Earth. On our planet, friction inside of Earth from this tugging creates heat, which alters the planet's gravitational field. This gradually pushes the moon farther away from Earth, about 1.5 inches (3.8 centimeters) every year.
Titan tugs on Saturn in a similar way, but the friction inside of Saturn is thought to be weaker than here on Earth because of the planet's gaseous composition (compared to Earth's rocky nature). Previous research has suggested that the moon should be moving away from Saturn at just 0.04 inches (0.1 cm) per year. But this new work suggests that Titan is actually moving away from its planet at a whopping 4.3 inches (11 cm) every year.
In this work, two teams of scientists worked to measure Titan's orbit over 10 years, with each team using a different technique. One team used a technique called astrometry, in which astronomers precisely measure the positions and movements of stars and other celestial objects to determine Titan's position in relation to those "nearby" objects, as seen in images taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft.
The other team used radiometry, a set of techniques by which astronomers measure electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, to calculate Cassini's velocity as it zoomed by Titan. Knowing the spacecraft's velocity allowed the researchers to measure the moon's gravitational influence on the craft. This helped the team to study and measure the moon's gravitational pull.
"By using two completely independent data sets — astrometric and radiometric — and two different methods of analysis, we obtained results that are in full agreement," Valéry Lainey the lead author on the paper who worked with the astrometry team, said in the same statement. Lainey previously worked with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California and now works at the Paris Observatory in France.
These findings also align with a theory that Fuller proposed in 2016, which estimated that Titan's outward migration was happening much faster than previously predicted. According to this theory, Titan gravitationally "squeezes" Saturn in a way that makes the planet oscillate, and the energy from these oscillations would cause the moon to migrate faster than previously expected.
Saturn’s moon Titan, an icy world shrouded by a hazy atmosphere, is the second-largest moon in our solar system, nearly 50% larger than the Earth’s moon.
In a new study published in Nature Astronomy, a team of researchers report that Titan may be straying from its planet at a much faster rate than anticipated.
Titan passing in front of Saturn — slowly drifting apart, bit by bit. Image credits: NASA / JPL.
Every moon slowly drifts away from its planet due to tidal forces. The orbiting moon exerts a gravitational pull on the planet as it orbits, creating a temporary bulge as it passes over — this is also the reason why we have high tides and low tides on Earth, for instance.
The planet’s spin sweeps the bulge forward ever so slightly, which in turn pulls on the moon and transfers it into a higher orbit. That way, the moon moves away from the planet ever so slightly each year.
So long, old friend
Previously, scientists had estimated the rate Titan moves away from Saturn to be around 0.1 cm per year. But according to recent data gathered by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, Titan actually drifts away 100 times faster than expected, at a rate of approximately 11 centimeters each year.
These findings, while contradicting previous predictions, agree with a hypothesis proposed in 2016 by Jim Fuller, Jing Luan, and Eliot Quataert. The researchers proposed a mechanism also observed in binary stars called resonance locking, which could explain the fast migration seen in Saturn’s moon Titan. This is a process where the gravitational force of the moon squeezes the planet and forces it to oscillate. In this case, the orbital motion of Titan lines up with internal motions inside Saturn increasing the efficiency of the tidal forces and leading to a faster migration rate.
This finding also bears significant implications for the formation of Saturn’s rings and moon system (which hosts over 80 moons).
If the speed at which Titan is straying from Saturn is so large now, it implies that it was also larger in the past. This means that Titan, previously thought to have formed at a similar distance from its planet as where it is now, may have formed much closer to Saturn and then migrated outwards. This changes our understanding not only of how Saturn’s rings and moons formed but also interactions in binary star systems, galaxies, and exoplanets in close orbit to their stars.
Now, scientists await more data from the Juno space probe orbiting Jupiter which could validate the theory of resonance locking further.
When you’re in the paranormal business or a follower of UFO and alien stories, it’s sometimes hard to imagine there’s anyone around who hasn’t heard the strange yet detailed 1961 UFO encounter and alien abduction story of Betty and Barney Hill – especially since they were an interracial couple going public with a controversial tale they knew would disrupt their lives in the racially-charge 1960s. Yet, they bravely did … and their account has been told in countless books, lectures and as a 1975 made-for-TV film starring bona fide stars — James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons. Now, their saga is being relived and revealed to a new generation in a television series entitled “Captured.”
“I was fascinated by the Zabels’ take on this extraordinary story as it represents the convergence of the Civil Rights and Cold War eras and the first reported alien abduction. These elements not only lend themselves to a fascinating look at America, but also offer a startling counterpoint with Barney’s observation that while America judged and oppressed him on the basis of his skin color, aliens saw him as only human.”
Steven Adams, who produced the film adaptation of “A Huey P. Newton Story” and can handle this racially-charged story, tells Deadline he’s excited about this project for a number of reasons – not the least of which is that it is attracting an outstanding and multi-experienced production crew capable of handling the many dimensions of the Hill story. For starters, writers Bryce and Jackie Zabel are basing their scripts on perhaps the definitive account of the Hills’ tale – “Captured! The Betty and Barney Hill UFO Experience: The True Story of the World’s First Documented Alien Abduction” by Betty Hill’s niece, Betty Hill’s niece Kathleen Marden, and the late Stanton T. Friedman, the renowned UFOlogist, investigator and author. Bryce Zabel is well-versed in alien stories, having produced the alien invasion series “Dark Skies.”
“The audience has never been more receptive to hearing the story of both their marriage and their passion for equality, and the larger TV canvas will allow us to finally do justice to the complete picture, including a re-staging of the pivotal March on Washington.”
As Jackie Zabel explains to Deadline, even those who have heard the Hills’ story countless times will be looking at it through glasses tinted by current events in both civil rights and the recent Pentagon UFO confirmations. Those who have never heard the accounts of Betty and Barney Hill will hopefully learn about the events that forever changed the lives of a black postal worker and his white social worker wife. The long list includes the realization of missing time, their hypnoses and memories of their abduction and time on a spaceship, their physical and mental changes, Betty’s own UFO research and later encounters, the prejudices they endured both before and after coming forward, the disbeliefs and many reasons for them, and much more.
Is there enough of this story for a series? There’s no question about it. Will it convince anyone new to it or change the minds of those who have already decided on the Hills’ story being truth or hoax? That remains to be seen. Deadline gives no dates for the release of “Captured.” Let’s hope it does justice to perhaps the most intriguing alien abduction story ever.
Alien abductions have always been sort of the black sheep of the UFO community. While seeing strange lights or craft in the sky are seen as something within the range of validity and also perceived as plausible possible phenomena, the abductions tend to be across the board. Some of these cases can be so completely bizarre as to go off the rails, leaving us to wonder just what is going on, and they have become a major point of debates. Some of these alien abduction cases are even more out in the fringe than others, and one of these must certainly be the time a Brazilian farmer was taken aboard a spaceship to father an intergalactic love child.
In October of 1957, a strange series of events began to unfold in a rural area near São Francisco de Sales, Brazil. Here lived a humble farmer by the name of Antônio Villas Boas and his brother, Joao, and their family, and on the night of October 14, they would have an odd experience while out ploughing a field. Because of the sweltering heat during the daytime and the fact that the work was typically grueling, it was common for them to do their work at night, but this evening would be different from most. As they toiled away in the field, their attention was captured by what they described as a ball of red light in the sky that was so bright they could not look directly at it. Antônio crept forward to investigate while his terrified brother stayed behind, but whenever he tried to approach it would speed away from him, almost as if it were playing a game. The two men could only watch as it emitted some beams of light in all directions and then sped off into the night. However, the weirdness would not end there. Indeed, it was only just beginning for Antônio.
On October 16, 1957, Antônio was out working the field again, this time alone, and he looked up to the starry sky above to notice a red star amongst the twinkling lights. Thinking this was odd, it got even stranger when it began to grow in size and brightness and he realized that it was the same light he and his brother had seen before. This time rather than retreating, the light seemed to be approaching him rapidly, getting close enough that the scared farmer could see that it was actually an egg-shaped craft of some sort with a rotating dome and a bright red light on its top. The bizarre craft then gently landed upon the field upon three metal legs that extended from beneath it to come to a rest not far from Boas, after which a hatch opened to disgorge a 5-foot-tall humanoid being dressed in a helmet and grey coveralls. This was frightening enough that Boas turned his tractor around and tried to get out of there, but the machine soon stalled, forcing his to continue fleeing on foot. He wouldn’t get far.
Whatever the creature was managed to catch him, joined by three other similar beings that communicated through a series of yelps and barks. Boas would claim that he was unable to effectively fight back against them, and that these beings proceeded to physically drag him up into their otherworldly craft. There he was forced into a brightly lit room where the creatures took off all of his clothes and covered him with a slick gelatinous substance, before then taking him to another room adorned with strange red symbols. Here in this new room the beings supposedly cut his chin to extract blood, and then he was led into yet another room and left alone for a while. As he sat there terrified and unsure of what was coming next, a gas was piped into the room that was apparently so foul smelling that Boas vomited. He was still recovering from being violently ill when an hour later the door opened and he was confronted with another of the beings, this one an attractive female, with long platinum hair, large blue eyes, and by Boas’ description totally hot. According to Boas, he had sexual relations with this creature, after which she rubbed her belly implying that she would bear his child, and he was then dropped off back at his tractor to find that 4 hours had passed and that he had strange burns on his body that he could not remember having gotten.
Over the next few days Boas suffered from various health issues, such as intense headaches, nausea, and unusual lesions that popped up on his body for no discernible reason, and the burns also remained. Not knowing what to do, he sought out medical attention, and was finally examined by a Dr. Olavo Fontes, of the National School of Medicine of Brazil. According to the doctor, Boas was in pretty bad shape and suffering from radiation poisoning, and he would say of the farmer’s symptoms:
Among [Boas’s] symptoms were pains throughout the body, nausea, headaches, loss of appetite, ceaselessly burning sensations in the eyes, cutaneous lesions at the slightest of light bruising…which went on appearing for months, looking like small reddish nodules, harder than the skin around them and protuberant, painful when touched, each with a small central orifice yielding a yellowish thin waterish discharge. The skin surrounding the wounds presented a hyperchromatic violet-tinged area.
The story soon was picked up by UFOlogists when Boas approached journalist Jose Martins about the experience, and by 1958 the whole bizarre tale was becoming increasingly mentioned in the mainstream media as it received worldwide fame, as well as more than its fair share of raised eyebrows. After all, the whole thing is so outlandish as to be almost absurd. At the time tales of alien abduction were practically nonexistent as it was, indeed, Boas’ account is one of the earliest to ever get any major attention, and many people didn’t know what to make of it all. Even UFOlogists were skeptical of it all, and it was pointed out that he most likely made it all up after reading a similar obscure account in a popular magazine called O Cruzeiro, and that he was probably heavily influenced by the incredibly bizarre reports of alien contactees written of by of the Ufologist Georges Adamski. It is even suggested that he came up with the idea in 1958 and then predated his story to make it more believable, and the fact that he was able to produce the entire story from memory without the need for hypnosis has also seemed suspicious to some.
In the end, tales of such sexual encounters and alien hybrids have continued to flutter out in the fringe of even hardcore UFOlogists. It is all so completely off the rails and also scientifically umplausible, as how would an alien have DNA compatible with us to the point that they could bear one of our children? Because of this, the case has mostly been labelled a hoax and tall tale that has been largely shunned. However, Boas himself was no loon, going on in later years to become a respected lawyer, and he always stuck by his outlandish tale all the way up to his death in 1992. Was this the ramblings of a troubled individual, a hoax, or was there something more to it all? Whatever the case may be, it is one of the earliest widely publicized UFO abduction accounts and continues to generate discussion to this day.
Hey everyone, hows it going? I was looking though a Mars gigapan photo when I came across two big heads and maybe a third all near each other. Then in front of a head I saw a pyramid. The pyramid has four sides and perfectly balanced on each side. It has sunk into the sands over time and one side of the pyramid is deep under the dirt, but we can still see its magnificent detail. The faces are very primitive in design. One face has a helmet and two long ears sticking out, and a face with two eyes and a nose. The detail is poor, but who am I to judge whats beautiful or not on their Martian culture. There is also another face to the far left. It has a helmet and ear, nose eye cheeks and mouth visible. Partly blocking that face is...omg...looks like another unfinished face. Hmmm...kind of reminds me of how the ancient Egyptians had faces on the sphinx and giant statues of their pharaohs. Scott C. Waring
Old 'Stationhaus' from German Antarctic Expedition 1911-1912 Found?
During their Antarctic Expedition 1911-1912 the Germans built a 'Stationhaus' and two depots of stores on a section of the Antarctic coast of what is now the Filchner Ice Shelf. Now, after more than 100 years, satellite images show the possible remains of either the 'Stationhaus' or one of the depots of stores.
Luitpold Coast (German: Prinzregent-Luitpold-Land) is that portion of the coast of Coats Land extending from the vicinity of Hayes Glacier, which is regarded as the eastern limit of the Filchner Ice Shelf. It was discovered by Wilhelm Filchner, leader of the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12, and named for Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria.
This section of the Antarctic coast, never seen by earlier expeditions, was named Prince Regent Luitpold Land (now the Luitpold Coast). A suitable anchorage was found at Vahsel Bay at the eastern extreme of what is now the Filchner Ice Shelf.
According to antarctic-cirle.org/encyclopedianentries, materials, dogs and ponies were unloaded and work started on a winter quarters (or stationhaus). A building measuring 17 by 9 metres was erected on the ice shelf but the following day disaster struck when the ice supporting the building began to break away from the shelf.
As their headquarters floated off to the north, Filchner and his team worked feverishly to dismantle everything and return it to the Deutschland.
What the party had witnessed was a massive spring tide, three metres high, accompanied by a sudden drop in atmospheric pressure, affecting an area of nearly 600 square kilometres. Fortunately, by the time the camp had drifted out to sea everything had been removed except for a small part of the building.
A landing on continental ice was eventually achieved, and at a height of about a hundred metres two large depots of stores were established on the coast, then covered with ice and marked with black flags and poles.
Filchner’s intention was then to return to South Georgia, spend the winter there and return the following summer to complete the mission. However, on the sea froze over at a remarkable speed, trapping the Deutschland in the ice.
The old building can be found at the following coordinates: 77°51'25.66"S 34° 0'2.43"W
This video was just submitted to me through our Facebook page. It looks like some kind of a flying saucer that was hovering near the ISS (International Space Station) while the astronauts were doing some maintenance.
What do you think this is? Please leave your comments bellow!
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Boss-Mark Discovered Within The Great Pyramid Points To A Very Advanced Ancient Civilization
If you want to understand how technologically advanced our ancestors were, it is worth taking a look at their construction techniques. An example is a technique that was apparently used to damage the stones and leave some marks on them. This suggests an advanced manipulation of the machine. But the most mysterious of these ancient constructions are related to the construction of the sites, especially with deep projections.
This evidence points not only to a very advanced ancient civilization but to a feature known as the “boss mark” discovered in Khufu’s great pyramid.
This can link the builders of the pyramids with another old structure found all over the world.
The ability to move and transport the enormous hallucinatory stone, together with its ability to create an erosion-resistant structure, suggests that these ancient people may have lived in a very distant past.
The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as Pyramid of Khufu or Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids of the Giza Pyramid Complex, bordering today’s Giza in Cairo, Egypt. It is the oldest of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and the only one that remains largely intact.
Based on a mark in an inner chamber with the name of the work gang and a reference to the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, some Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was thus built as a tomb during a 10- to a 20-year period that ended around 2560 BC. Originally standing 146.5 meters (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the tallest artificial structure in the world for more than 3,800 years until Lincoln Cathedral was completed in 1311 AD.
Originally, the large pyramid was covered by limestone houses that formed a smooth outer surface; what is seen today is the underlying core structure. Some of the casings that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base. There have been various scientific and alternative theories about the construction technique of the Great Pyramid. Most accepted design hypotheses are based on the idea that it was built by moving huge stones from a quarry and dragging and lifting them into place.
There are three known chambers in the Great Pyramid. The lowest chamber is cut into the bedrock on which the pyramid was built and was unfinished. The so-called Queen’s Chamber and King’s Chamber are higher up within the pyramid structure.
The main part of the Giza complex is a set of buildings containing two house temples in honor of Khufu (one near the pyramid and one near the Nile), three smaller pyramids for Khufu’s wives, an even smaller “satellite” pyramid, an elevated walkway connecting the two temples and small mastaba tombs for nobles surrounding the pyramid.
A new study of Mars’ smallest moon Deimos, by scientists from the SETI Institute and Purdue University, suggests that the planet used to have rings a few billion years ago.
Artist’s concept of the red planet Mars with rings.
Ring systems are common in our solar system. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune all have rings. None of the smaller rocky planets have them, but is it possible that some of them could have had rings in the past? On June 2, 2020, scientists from the SETI Institute and Purdue University announced evidence suggesting that Mars used to have its own rings a few billion years ago. The findings would help explain why Mars’ smallest moon, Deimos, has an unusually tilted orbit.
The researchers published the new peer-reviewed paper in Astrophysical Journal Letters on June 1, 2020. The research was also presented at the 236th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS 236), held virtually this week (June 1-3, 2020) due to COVID-19.
While the orbits of both small moons, Phobos and Deimos, lie almost in the same plane as Mars’ equator – suggesting they formed at the same time as Mars – Deimos’ orbit is tilted by about 2 degrees. This tilt was an unusual and unexplained finding. It was also considered to be not all that significant in terms of Mars science.
Now it seems that, all along, that small anomaly – the 2-degree tilt of Deimos’ orbit with respect to Mars’ equator – held a clue to something very interesting about the red planet’s past … that Mars used to have rings!
Mars’ smallest moon, Deimos, as seen by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft on February 21, 2009. The tilted orbit of the moon hints at ancient ring system around Mars.
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ University of Arizona/ SETI Institute.
The fact that Deimos’s orbit is not exactly in plane with Mars’s equator was considered unimportant, and nobody cared to try to explain it. But once we had a big new idea and we looked at it with new eyes, Deimos’s orbital tilt revealed its big secret.
Three years ago, scientists suggested that the larger of Mars’ two tiny moons – Phobos – might periodically create a ring system for Mars. In that scenario, Mars has had a series of rings, appearing in cycles over billions of years, and it will have rings again in the future. It happens because – for example, at present – Phobos is slowly orbiting closer and closer to Mars. Eventually, Mars’ gravity will rip Photos apart and the fabric of the moon’s body will form a ring. Later, the material in the ring will coalesce to form a moon again. The researchers think that this has happened many times over Mars’ history. The new paper on a Mars ring from the other moon, Deimos, speaks to this alternate theory:
Alternatively, Hesselbrock & Minton (2017) propose that Phobos is only the latest product of a repeating ring-satellite cycle at Mars, with each successive inner satellite being less massive than the preceding one. In the ring-satellite cycle model, satellites form from the outer edge of the ring, and then migrate outward through gravitational interaction with the ring. The ring loses mass to the planet at its inner edge, and once the ring is sufficiently depleted the satellite migrates inward due to tides.
How does this earlier idea relate to the new scenario involving Deimos?
According to the researchers, a newborn moon would move away from both the ring and Mars, heading in the opposite direction from Phobos, or any inwardly-migrating moon. An outwardly-migrating moon, just outside of the rings, could come to experience an orbital resonance – a situation where two orbiting bodies are exerting a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other – so that the orbital period of Deimos comes to be precisely three times that of the other moon. The researchers’ statement explained:
These orbital resonances are picky but predictable … We can tell that only an outward-moving moon could have strongly affected Deimos, which means that Mars must have had a ring pushing the inner moon outward. Cuk and collaborators deduce that this moon may have been 20 times as massive as Phobos, and may have been its ‘grandparent’ existing just over 3 billion years ago … [that] was followed by two more ring-moon cycles, with the latest moon being Phobos.
Saturn, of course, has the most well-known rings in the solar system, as seen here by the Cassini spacecraft. Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech.
The formation of Phobos probably happened about 3 1/2 billion years ago, Cuk toldScienceAlert:
Something like 3.5 billion years ago is our best bet. That agrees beautifully with Hesselbrock and Minton’s calculation on when Mars had an inner moon with 20 times the mass of Phobos. Once the ring was gone, the moon also started falling because of Martian tides (just like Phobos). Once it was too close to Mars, tidal forces would pull it apart into a new ring, and the cycle would repeat, probably twice, to get to Phobos that we see.
It’s known that Phobos is much younger than Deimos – perhaps as young as about 200 million years old in contrast to a few billion years old for Deimos – which would fit this scenario.
The findings are fascinating since they imply that Mars has had at least one prominent ring, and probably more, during its lifetime. This would mean that smaller rocky planets can also have rings, although none of those in our current solar system do.
On the other hand, scientists know that the ring process must be a common one in our solar system.
Artist’s concept of asteroid Chariklo, which, in 2014, was the first object in the solar system smaller than the gas or ice giant planets found to have rings.
They know that because Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune all are known to have rings. And, in 2014, astronomers discovered an asteroid – named Chariklo – with two dense and narrow rings. This was the first time that rings were found around any solar system object smaller than the gas or ice giant planets. Chariklo is a member of a group of asteroids called Centaurs that orbit between Jupiter and Neptune. Uffe Gråe Jørgensen at Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen in Denmark, said of Chariklo:
For me, it was quite amazing to realize that we were able not only to detect a ring system, but also pinpoint that it consists of two clearly distinct rings. I try to imagine how it would be to stand on the surface of this icy object – small enough that a fast sports car could reach escape velocity and drive off into space – and stare up at a 20-kilometer (12-mile) wide ring system 1,000 times closer than the moon.
The Japanese space agency JAXA is planning to send a new mission to Phobos in 2024, which will collect samples for return to Earth. This will hopefully provide more clues about Mars’ rings and the previous larger moon that Phobos came from. Cuk said:
I do theoretical calculations for a living, and they are good, but getting them tested against the real world now and then is even better.
It would be really cool if we could go back in time and see the rings of Mars as they once were. But, we can still learn about them by studying the clues left behind in the planet’s two remaining little moons, Deimos and Phobos.
Bottom line: A new research study of Mars’ smallest moon Deimos suggests that the planet used to have a ring or rings a few billion years ago.
STEREO-A's view of the inner solar system between May 25 and June 1, 2020. Comet ATLAS streaks down across the screen as the planet Mercury enters at the left of the frame; meanwhile, the solar wind blows out from the sun on the left.
You'll need a minute to take it all in, there's a lot going on in this stunning view of the inner solar system, including a comet, Mercury and some solar weather.
First, let's get oriented. You're looking through the eyes of NASA's Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory A, or STEREO-A. The spacecraft launched in 2006 with its now-silent twin to study the sun, in particular from angles we can't see from Earth. The spacecraft is about one-sixth of an orbit ahead (hence the A in its name) of Earth, with the sun off-screen to the left in the new images.
There's a lot of ambiance in the neighborhood. The pale haze gusting in from the left of the image is the solar wind, the charged particles that constantly stream out of the sun and across the solar system, creating the bubble Earth and its neighbors move through. And of course there are countless stars, some that appear to be standing on bright stalks (the streaks are just flukes in the image). Near the end of the loop, Mercury crosses into view from the left side of the image, moving across the background of stars, according to a NASA statement.
And STEREO-A's location was a perfect vantage point to catch sight of a comet that threw skywatchers into a frenzy this year, dubbed Comet ATLAS. Astronomers first spotted the object at the end of December, and soon identified it as a comet new to Earth's neighborhood. Skywatchers had high hopes Comet ATLAS would grow incredibly bright and put on a good show as it approached the sun.
Instead, Comet ATLAS began falling apart in April, to the disappointment of skywatchers. From STEREO-A's viewpoint, however, the comet's pieces remained close enough to each other to give the impression of a complete hunk of ice, and it's Comet ATLAS that streaks across the new animation from top to bottom. (The animation compiles images taken between May 25 and June 1.)
And out of frame, another spacecraft is also on the scene, the Solar Orbiter launched by NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA). That spacecraft, like STEREO-A, is designed to study the sun, but, through a stroke of good luck, Solar Orbiter's trajectory happened to align with that of Comet ATLAS and its tails.
Comet tails come in pairs: an ion tail created of charged particles that points away from the sun at all times and a dust tail of light-reflecting rubble. Solar Orbiter crossed the ion tail of ATLAS on May 31, as these images were being gathered, although the spacecraft is out of frame. The probe was due to cross the dust tail on June 6.
And conveniently, Solar Orbiter happens to be equipped with a few instruments that could take meaningful measurements of these tails. Although the spacecraft, which launched in February, wasn't due to begin its science work until later this month, mission personnel decided the comet was too tempting to pass up, and they arranged for four key instruments to start gathering observations early.
NASA and ESA have not yet announced whether those observations were successful — but at least STEREO-A snagged this awesome view.
Phobos looks like a Gobstopper in the new thermal imagery
Six views of the Martian moon Phobos captured by NASA's Odyssey orbiter as of March 2020. The orbiter's THEMIS camera is used to measure temperature variations that suggest what kind of material the moon is made of. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/NAU)
New thermal imagery paints the Mars moon Phobos in a candy-colored light.
NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft, which has been orbiting the Red Planet since 2001, used its infrared camera to measure temperature variations on the 16-mile-wide (25 kilometers) Phobos at three different stages of illumination.
An image captured on Dec. 9 of last year shows Phobos in full sunlight, with a maximum measured temperature of 81 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius). A second shot, taken on Feb. 25 when the moon was in full eclipse, registered temperatures as low as minus 189 degrees F (minus 123 degrees C) — some of the lowest ever recorded on Phobos, Mars Odyssey team members said.
The third new image, taken on March 27 when Phobos was coming out of Mars' shadow, observed temperatures between those two extremes.
Lots of information about the moon can be gleaned from the thermal imagery, which NASA officials released Tuesday (June 9).
"We're seeing that the surface of Phobos is relatively uniform and made up of very fine-grained materials," Christopher Edwards of Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff, who leads the processing and analysis of the Phobos images, said in a statement.
"These observations are also helping to characterize the composition of Phobos," Edwards said. "Future observations will provide a more complete picture of the temperature extremes on the moon's surface."
A more complete picture could, in turn, help astronomers better understand the history of Phobos and Mars' other moon, the 8-mile-wide (13 km) Deimos. Some scientists think the satellites are captured asteroids, but others argue that they bothcoalesced from material blasted off the Red Planet's surface by powerful impacts.
Mars Odyssey's infrared camera is known as the Thermal Emission Imaging System, or THEMIS for short. The newly released infrared imagery does not show Phobos as it would look to the human eye.
"All of the THEMIS infrared images are colorized to show temperature variations and are overlain on THEMIS visible-light images taken at the same time to show the geology of the surface," NASA officials wrote in the same statement. "The one exception is the eclipse image, which is computer-generated and shows what Phobos would have looked like if it wasn't in complete shadow."
Mars Odyssey is primarily devoted to studying the Red Planet's surface. But the probe has also studied Phobos in recent years, a target switch that requires flipping the probe upside-down.
Though Odyssey remains in good health, it's unclear how much longer the orbiter will continue doing its work (which also includes relaying communications between mission control on Earth and robots on the Martian surface, such as NASA's rover Curiosity). The 2021 federal budget request allocates just $1 million to the project next year, a more than 90% cut that, if enacted, would effectively end the Odyssey mission.
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