Milky Way’s X-ray reveals giant bubbles

The first complete scan from the eROSITA mission shows a large structure emerging from the galactic center.

 by Paula Ferreira

 

The Spectr-RG spacecraft carrying the eROSITA (a Max Planck Institute instrument) telescope was launched by the Russian Roscosmos in 2019, focusing observations on the X-ray part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The mission’s objectives are to observe galaxy clusters and study the growth of large scale structure, to detect supermassive black holes, observe supernova remnants and X-ray binaries.

It’s now starting to deliver results.

eROSITA’s observations of prominent X-ray sources. Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.

We’re made of starstuff

In the last six months, the mission collected data of the whole sky within energies from 0.2 to 8 KeV (200-8000 eV). An electron-volt(eV) is an energy unit equivalent to the amount of the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum. It’s not a lot: if you go to the hospital and get your arm X-rayed, the energy of the medical X-ray photons is around 200,000 eV (0.2 MeV), any lower and you wouldn’t see your bones on the X-ray. This is because the calcium in our bones absorb those photons with this amount of energy and become visible for the doctor.

Using a somewhat similar approach, eROSITA’s all-sky sky map images a variety of objects, in different energy ranges. In the 0.3 to 2.3 KeV map is possible to see prominent X-ray sources in the sky, like Large Magellanic Cloud in the southern part of the galactic map. Towards the center, one can see the Vela Supernova Remnant, the result of a supernova explosion that occurred approximately 11,000 years ago. Maybe the brightest source in the map is the Scorpius X-1(Sco X-1), which is a X-ray binary.

But perhaps most intriguingly, the map also a huge bubble, present both in the southern and northern part of the galaxy. It’s a huge bubble, which seems to be a result of an event emerging from the galactic center — something that happened 20 million years ago. The structure is so extensive it has comparable size to the galaxy. Its boundary is hotter than the outside due the great energy release from the galactic center.

eROSITA latest discovery, the eROSITA bubbles(pink). Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.

Previous observations from the Fermi telescope have shown a similar structure but in the gamma-ray band. The Fermi bubbles are smaller but with same structure of the newest discovery. The comparison between the bubbles is in the image bellow.

eROSITA bubbles(yellow), Fermi bubbles(purple) and the Milky Way’s disk(blue) size comparison. Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.

The discovery suggests that they are a result of the same event, but the cause of the connection is still unknown. They appear to be structures left by accreting supermassive black holes, like seen in the Centaurus A galaxy or supernovae remnants, though nothing is conclusive yet.

eROSITA(blue), Fermi(red) bubbles. Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.

The bubble’s discovery provides more insight about galaxy formation and its structure, this means more knowledge about the past of our galaxy. The second complete scan made by eROSITA is close to an end, now with twice the number of photons from the first scan.

• The study was published in the journal Nature.

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

Most distant supermassive black hole known to science is detected by astronomers more than 13 BILLION light years from Earth

• Researchers used the ALMA telescope array in Chile to discover the quasar

• A quasar is a type of supermassive black hole that is releasing a lot of energy

• This object was discovered when the universe was just 670 million years old

• The discovery can help researchers better understand how these objects form 

• Its age and size brings into doubt theories they were formed from collapsed star clusters, with researchers suggesting they instead feast on  cold hydrogen gas

By RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

The most distant supermassive black hole known to science has been detected by astronomers - and it is more than 13 billion light years from the Earth.

Experts from the University of Arizona say the quasar - which is a form of energetic supermassive black hole - formed when the universe was just 670 million years old.  

Quasars occur when the powerful gravity of a supermassive black hole at a galaxy's core draws in surrounding material that forms an orbiting disk of superheated material around the black hole - releasing tremendous amounts of energy.

Equivalent to the mass of 1.6 billion Suns and more than 1,000 times brighter than our entire Milky Way Galaxy - it grew relatively quickly after the Big Bang.  

The time it was discovered and its size brings current theories that supermassive black holes form from collapsed star clusters into question, with astronomers suggesting they may form from collapsed primordial cold hydrogen gas.

An international team of astronomers have discovered the most distant quasar in the Universe, fully formed around 670 million years after the Big Bang.

Artists impression 

Dubbed J0313-1806, if the supermassive black hole had formed only 100 million years after the Big Bang and grew as fast as possible it would need at least 10,000 solar masses to begin with, the study found.

Co-author Prof Xiaohui Fan said: 'This tells you that no matter what you do, the seed of this black hole must have formed by a different mechanism.

'In this case, one that involves vast quantities of primordial, cold hydrogen gas directly collapsing into a seed black hole.'

This doesn't require full-fledged stars as raw material - it is the only way it could have reached this size in such a short time, making the quasar valuable to observe.  

The quasar offers a rare glimpse into the life of a galaxy at the dawn of time - when many of the processes that have since slowed or ceased were still in full swing.

Current models suggest supermassive black holes at their centres could be the main reason why galaxies ultimately stop making new stars.

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Acting like a cosmic blowtorch, quasars blast their surroundings fiercely - effectively sweeping their host galaxy clean of much of the cold gas that serves as the raw material from which stars form. 

'We think those supermassive black holes were the reason why many of the big galaxies stopped forming stars at some point

'We observe this 'quenching' at lower redshifts, but until now, we didn't know how early this process began in the history of the universe.

'This quasar is the earliest evidence that quenching may have been happening at very early times.'  

For comparison, the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way has become mostly dormant and the galaxy itself produces stars at about one solar mass per year, whereas the galaxy this black hole resides in churns out 200 solar masses per year. 

Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile confirmed the distance measurement to high precision

Lead author Dr Feige Wang said: 'This is a relatively high star formation rate, similar to that observed in other quasars of similar age, and it tells us the host galaxy is growing very fast.' 

Prof Fan said: 'These quasars presumably are still in the process of building their supermassive black holes.

'Over time, the quasar's outflow heats and pushes all the gas out of the galaxy, and then the black hole has nothing left to eat anymore and will stop growing.

'This is evidence about how these earliest massive galaxies and their quasars grow.'

The researchers expect to find a few more quasars from the same period - including potential new record breakers. 

Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile confirmed the distance measurement to high precision. 

But the researchers hope to uncover more about the quasar's secrets using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope - due to be launched on October 31.

The researchers are presenting their findings at a virtual meeting of the American Astronomical Society. They will also be published in Astrophysical Journal Letters.

WHAT IS A QUASAR?

'Quasar' is short for quasi-stellar radio source, and describes bright centres of galaxies.

All galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their cores.

When the inflow of gas and dust to this black hole reaches a certain level, the event can cause a 'quasar' to form - an extremely bright region as the material swirls around the black hole.

They are typically 3,260 light-years across.

These regions emit huge amounts of electro-magnetic radiation in their jets, and can be a trillion times brighter than the sun.

But they last only 10 to 100 million years on average, making them relatively tough to spot in galaxies that are several billion years old.

The rapidly-spinning disk spews jets of particles moving outward at speeds approaching that of light.

These energetic 'engines' are bright emitters of light and radio waves.--

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

List of Alien Species They Don't Want You To See, 33 Documented Non Human Species, Sean Esbjorn-Hargens PhD

List of Alien Species They Don’t Want You To See, 33 Documented Non Human Species, Sean Esbjorn-Hargens PhD

List of 33 Non Human Sentient Species, The Multiverse, Outerspace, Inner Earth, Folklore, Mythology, Scripture, Religion, Paranormal, Clandestine Control Groups, Shapeshifters, We talk about all of it. Dr Sean Esbjorn-Hargens is super intelligent and has compiled thousands of pages on the Subjects of “Exo” Out there Topics, that should be discussed more.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/  }

Huge Triangle Craft Found On Earths Moon, LROC Mission, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of discovery: January 12, 2021
Location of discovery: Earths moon, LROC
Source photo: 

• http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/669

I was exploring some old photos of the moon from NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), when I came across a structure which is triangle in shape. The structure looks to be intelligently designed and is .5 km across. When I added shadow to it, it's easier to make out other details. 

 

I also found some other structures, ships, tall buildings. All of which are poof that aliens not only reached our moon, but leave their old structures and ships on it like a garbage dump. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

There seems to be a lot of UFO activity in deep space. Last week a sky-watcher captured a huge cigar-shaped craft passing the Orion Nebula and now another sky-watcher, Peter Tiagunov recorded three interstellar craft crossing the Orion Nebula. 

The images shows the three UFOs emerging from the center of the Nebula flying further through space in a triangular formation. 

The question is whether these UFOs are of alien origin or whether they belong to the secret space program, that includes a fleet of spaceships equipped with a technology far beyond what current aerospace technology is capable of. 

Peter captured the UFOs with a Telescope: RC 10" (x.75 reducer) - Mount: EQ6R-Pro - Camera: QHY 163M Cooled (no filters).

  

RELATED VIDEO, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Possible flying saucer filmed over Tempiluli, Mexico 11-Jan-2021

This daytime footage of an unidentified flying object was filmed over Tempiluli, Mexico on 11th January 2021.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

How scientists found water on a potentially habitable exoplanet for the first time

By examining starlight as a planet passes in front of its host star, scientists can learn about its history, composition and, ultimately, habitability.

Angelos Tsiaras, The Conversation

Now we have for the first time managed to detect water vapour in the atmosphere of an exoplanet that is potentially habitable. Our results have been published in Nature Astronomy.

A planet’s atmosphere plays a vital role in shaping the conditions inside it – or on its surface if it has one. Its composition, stability and structure all provide important clues about what it is like to be there. Through atmospheric studies, we can, therefore, learn about the history of the planet, investigate its habitability and, ultimately, discover signs of life.

The primary method that we use when examining exoplanets is transit spectroscopy. This involves looking at starlight as a planet passes in front of its host star. As it transits, stellar light is filtered through the planet’s atmosphere – with light being absorbed or deflected based on what compounds the atmosphere consists of.

The atmosphere, therefore, leaves a characteristic footprint in the stellar light that we try to observe. Further analysis can then help us match this footprint to known elements and molecules, such as water or methane.

At the moment, the study of exoplanets atmospheres is limited, as this kind of measurement requires very high precision, which current instruments were not built to deliver. But molecular signatures from water have been found in the atmospheres of gaseous planets, similar to Jupiter or Neptune. It has never before been seen in smaller planets – until now.

K2-18b

K2-18b was discovered in 2015 and is one of the hundreds of super-Earths – planets with a mass between Earth and Neptune – found by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft. It is a planet with eight times the mass of the Earth that orbits a so-called red dwarf star, which is much cooler than the sun.

However, K2-18b is located in the habitable zone of its star which means it has the right temperature to support liquid water. Given its mass and radius, K2-18b is not a gaseous planet but has a high probability of having a rocky surface.

We developed algorithms to analyse the starlight filtered by this planet using transit spectroscopy, with data provided by the Hubble Space Telescope.

This enabled us to make the first successful detection of an atmosphere with water vapour around a non-gaseous planet, which is also located within the habitable zone of its star.

In order for an exoplanet to be defined as habitable, there is a long list of requirements that need to be satisfied. One is that the planet needs to be in the habitable zone where water can exist in liquid form. It is also necessary that the planet has an atmosphere to protect the planet from any harmful radiation coming from its host star.

Another important element is the presence of water, vital for life as we know it. Although there are many other criteria for habitability, such as the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere, our research has made K2-18b the best candidate to date. It is the only exoplanet to fulfil all three requirements for habitability: the right temperatures, an atmosphere and the presence of water.

However, we cannot say, with current data, exactly how likely the planet is to support life. Our data are limited to an area of the spectrum – this shows how light is broken down by wavelength – where water dominates, so other molecules can unfortunately not be confirmed.

First of many?

With the next generation of telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the ARIEL space mission, we will be able to find more information on the chemical composition, cloud coverage and structure of the atmosphere of K2-18b. This will help us understand just how habitable it is.

{ https://scroll.in/ }

Reproduction of the UFO encounter

The Loring Air Force Base UFO Incident

Television reproduction of the UFO incident at Loring Air Force Base

Television reproduction of the UFO incident at Loring Air Force Base

{ https://www.unexplainable.net/ }

Japanese asteroid-sampling probe begins long trek to next space rock

By Mike Wall  

Hayabusa2 will zoom by the asteroid 2001 CC21 in 2026, if all goes according to plan.

An artist's depiction of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft after inserting its capsule into Earth's atmosphere for sample delivery.

(Image: © JAXA)

Japan's Hayabusa2 mission didn't rest on its laurels for long.

On Dec. 5, the probe delivered a capsule containing pristine samples of the carbon-rich asteroid Ryugu to Earth. Now, just a month later, the probe is officially on the move toward another asteroid, in the early stages of an ambitious and protracted extended mission.

"[Ion engine operation begins!] Today on January 5, 2021, at around 12:00 JST, Hayabusa2 started powered navigation with three of the ion engines," mission team members wrote via Twitter. (Japan Standard Time is 10 hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, so the milestone occurred around 2 a.m. EST, or 0600 GMT).

• Related: Japan's Hayabusa2 asteroid sample-return mission in pictures

Hayabusa2's first extended-mission destination is the roughly 2,300-foot-wide (700 meters) asteroid (98943) 2001 CC21, which the probe will fly by at high speed in 2026, if all goes according to plan. A more in-depth rendezvous with yet another space rock, 1998 KY26, is scheduled to follow in 2031. (Hayabusa2 won't collect any samples from 2001 CC21 or 1998 KY26.)

1998 KY26 is thought to be just 100 feet (30 m) or so wide — much smaller than both 2001 CC21 and Ryugu, which has a diameter of about 3,000 feet (900 m). The mechanical properties and other characteristics of such small asteroids aren't well understood, nor is the role that their collisions with Earth have played in our planet's history. So studying 1998 KY26 up close will yield valuable insights, Hayabusa2 team members said. 

"It is expected that the world’s first proximity observation of celestial bodies less than 100m in diameter will provide useful information, not only for elucidating the history of the Earth but also for planetary defense," team members wrote in a Hayabusa2 briefing document this past September.

Hayabusa2 will perform other tasks during this extended mission as well, including observing exoplanets and the zodiacal light — the faint glow in our solar system caused by sunlight bouncing off interplanetary dust. (You can read much more about the extended mission and its goals in the briefing document.)

The next decade-plus won't be just about the extended mission, of course. Hayabusa2 scientists have only just begun to assess and characterize the 0.19 ounces (5.4 grams) of pristine Ryugu material that landed in the Australian Outback last month.

A full investigation of this cosmic dirt and gravel could reveal key insights about the early solar system and, perhaps, the role that carbon-rich asteroids like Ryugu played in the rise of life on Earth, Hayabusa2 team members have said. Such work will involve scientists around the world — the mission team will loan some samples out — and almost certainly take decades. After all, researchers are still studying the 842 lbs. (382 kilograms) of moon material that NASA's Apollo program brought home between 1969 and 1972.

• Related: We may be in a 'golden age' of sample-return space missions

Hayabusa2 — the successor to the original Hayabusa mission, which delivered a few grains of material from the stony asteroid Itokawa to Earth in 2010 — launched in December 2014. It arrived at Ryugu in June 2018 and studied the space rock in depth for nearly a year and a half, dropping several hopping rovers and a microwave-sized lander onto the asteroid over that stretch.

The main Hayabusa2 spacecraft also made two visits of its own to Ryugu's rubbly surface, collecting samples each time. One of those sampling runs snagged subsurface material freshly unearthed by a copper "cannonball" that the probe fired into the asteroid in April 2019.

Hayabusa2 left Ryugu in November 2019, successfully delivering the return capsule a little over a year later. Less than two weeks after that landing, on Dec. 16, China's Chang'e 5 mission aced its own cosmic delivery, returning fresh moon samples to Earth for the first time since the Soviet Union did so in 1976.

And there's even more sample-return action coming in the relatively near future. In October 2019, NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission collected a big sample from the carbon-rich asteroid Bennu. This material will touch down in Utah in September 2023, if all goes according to plan.

• Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook. 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

This transforming NASA rover can go places others could only dream of

In a scenario that sounds like the opening for a “Zombies From Outer Space” movie, the European Space Agency released a photo of a never-before-seen star that was formed when two dead white dwarf stars collided – but instead of destroying each other, the white dwarfs merged into a new kind of zombie star that’s not really alive but still emitting a very bright X-ray light that’s expected to last a brief (in star time) 10,000 years before a ship can arrive and blow the zombie star’s brains out and chase down any zombie space ships it had launched.

Just kidding … it will last until the zombie star collapses into itself, forming a neutron star. Throw those zombie spaceships and the brain-blowing mission back in – is it plot-worthy?

“Recently, a WD merger product, IRAS 00500+6713, was identified. IRAS 00500+6713 consists of a central star embedded in a circular nebula. The analysis of the optical spectrum of the central star revealed that it is hot, hydrogen, and helium free, and it drives an extremely fast wind with a record breaking speed.”

From the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics comes that astronomer-speak analysis of an event that was first discovered in the constellation Cassiopeia (if you think that would be a good name for a band, it’s already taken (minus one ‘s’)) by researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany and the Russian Academy of Sciences using NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) space telescope. Lacking both hydrogen and helium, two elements found in white dwarfs, the astronomers speculated that J005311 was something never seen before – the product of a white dwarf collision that became reanimated and started burning again. But how?

“Low-resolution X-ray spectra reveal large neon, magnesium, silicon, and sulfur enrichment of the central star and the nebula. We conclude that IRAS 00500+6713 resulted from a merger of an ONe and a CO WD, which supports earlier suggestion for a super-Chandrasekhar mass of this object. X-ray analysis indicates that the merger was associated with an episode of carbon burning and possibly accompanied by an SN Iax.”

Unfortunately, Google Translate doesn’t work on astronomer-speak. The study reveals that astrophysicist Lidia Oskinova of the University of Potsdam led a team using the ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray telescope to look at both J005311 and the nebula surrounding it — IRAS 00500+6713. What they determined was that the colliding white dwarfs (that band name isn’t used yet) were distinct – one was primarily oxygen and neon (ONe) while the other was carbon monoxide (CO). The neon explains why the zombie star (photo here) glows green.

“Such an event is extremely rare. There are probably not even half a dozen such objects in the Milky Way, and we have discovered one of them.”

Dr. Götz Gräfener from the Argelander Institute for Astronomy (AIfA) at the University of Bonn explains in the press release what a big deal this zombie star is. Unfortunately, its zombie lifespan is brief. J005311 will turn its elements into iron in just a few thousand years, fading away its glow. It will then collapse under its own gravity while its former electrons and protons fuse into neutrons. The end result will be an incredibly dense neutron star measuring only few kilometers in diameter. However, like all zombies, it will go out with a bang – in this case, a supernova explosion.

A movie-worthy ending for a unique zombie star. Throw in a parting shot of a small object emerging from the explosion and we’ve got the potential for a sequel.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

Fans of Isaac Asimov will recognize his Three Laws of Robotics, first presented in his 1942 short story “Runaround” and popularized in the 1950 collection “I, Robot.” While they’re generally recognized as rules for robot interactions with humans, the third could apply to robot-to-robot encounters as well. Although “protect” implies aggression or physical contact, it could also pertain to ‘intelligent’ contact. But what about one robot attacking another emotionally, as humans do to each other so frequently? We may soon find out as a new robot developed at Columbia University has learned to predict another robot’s future actions in a way that some are calling “empathy.” Would today’s version of “I, Robot” need to be changed to “I Feel Your Pain, Robot”?

“Our initial results are very exciting. Our findings begin to demonstrate how robots can see the world from another robot’s perspective.”

Are you OK?

Or from in another robot’s steel shoes? That description of robot empathy comes from Boyuan Chen in a Columbia University press release describing his new study, published in the journal Scientific Reports. He and co-authors Carl Vondrick and Hod Lipson built a small robot and programmed it to seek and move towards any green circle it could see in a cage or simulated room it was placed in. Sometimes the robot had a clear view; other times it was blocked by a red box and forced to move around to look for it or another circle. A second robot was placed in a position to observe the actions of the first and predict its moves. After two hours, the observing robot, with just a few visual frames of viewing, was able to predict which green circle the other would pick and the path it would take.

“The ability of the observer to put itself in its partner’s shoes, so to speak, and understand, without being guided, whether its partner could or could not see the green circle from its vantage point, is perhaps a primitive form of empathy.”

Is there anything I can do?

If you’re worried about robots becoming empathetic to other robots, it gets scarier. The authors suggest this is an early step down the path of robots acquiring a “Theory of Mind” where, like human toddlers, they first understand the needs and perspectives of other robots, then develop social interactions as playful and cooperative as hide-and-seek and other games, or as sinister (and human-like) as lying and deception. Ultimately, Hod Lipson predicts robots could develop a “mind’s eye” allowing them to think visually like humans. He doesn’t necessarily see this a good thing.

“We recognize that robots aren’t going to remain passive instruction-following machines for long. Like other forms of advanced AI, we hope that policymakers can help keep this kind of technology in check, so that we can all benefit.”

Unfortunately, we can’t ask Isaac Asimov for Three More Laws of Robotics for Robots. Then again, if robots are capable of becoming emotional, will three be enough?

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

The list of strange UFO cases is long, and one doesn’t have to look far to find one that raises eyebrows and incites debate. Some of these have toed the line between possible real event and hoax, often falling on neither side and spurring many questions and much discussion. One such case comes to us from the wilds of Canada, involving a strange UFO sighting, a possible crash, and a mysterious package sent by an unknown party containing things that continue to be debated and discussed.

The whole bizarre story starts on August 18, 1991, in the small, rural historic township of West Carleton, Ontario, in Canada, where on this evening a housewife by the name of Diane Labenek was relaxing at her home on an otherwise rather uneventful night. However, at some point her dogs outside began to go nuts, after which she got up to go look outside. That was when she saw what she would describe as red flames and smoke belching up from a nearby field. It was a very bizarre sight to see, but it would get even stranger when she saw an outlandish unidentified object in the sky looming over it all, and she would say of it:

I looked out the window and I saw flames out on the field, extremely red flames and lots of smoke. It didn’t look like a fire. I know what a fire looks like when you start a fire out there when the grass is very dry. If you start a fire, you will see it moving either this way, or closer to the woods. And the fire was on one spot only. I saw a ship coming down close to the flames. Right on top of the ship, I saw a blue flashing light and another light was on the bottom, very bright. I didn’t know what to do. I was looking at it for about 10 minutes or so. And then the ship went a little bit back over the trees and it disappeared and I saw all the flames turn out at the same time. I don’t think I’d like to see it again. It’s very scary. I’ve lived here for many, many years and I have never been so scared in my life.

After the anomalous craft disappeared, she says that not 10 minutes later a helicopter flew over the area, which fully buzzed her home and crisscrossed the location before disappearing into the night. The next day, Diane went out to survey the scene, but could find no evidence of a fire or anything at all really. She began to doubt if she had seen what she thought she had, but nevertheless told her mother and husband about what she had seen. After that she kept it all to herself, even though she claimed that there were often frequent black-, green- or maroon-colored helicopters lurking about the area, which the military would deny having ever been there, but it would appear that this was far from the end of the story.

Six months would pass, and then, in February of 1992, UFO researcher Bob Oechsler and some other ufologists received rather odd packages in the mail from Canada. The packages all contained alleged secret military documents, pictures, a map, and a VHS videotape, labeled “Guardian,” with all of them marked by a thumbprint and claiming to show the very same object that Diane Labenek had seen. The video footage was taken at night, and appeared to show a bright flying object with a blue flashing strobe approach a clump of bright flames on the ground. This tape would soon make it out into the wild, where it was shown on several high-profile news shows and TV shows, including Unsolved Mysteries, which propelled it into the public consciousness, and in the meantime the researchers who had received this were trying to figure out what was going on.

Still from the Guardian UFO footage

The map included in the package was of West Carleton, so Oechsler headed there along with fellow ufologist Graham Lightfoot, where they talked with Diane and came to the conclusion that what she had seen and what was in the video were likely one in the same. As this was going on, the video was sent to be analyzed by Navy physicist Dr. Bruce Maccabee, who came to the conclusion that, while blurry and indistinct, showed something that could not be easily explained. He would say of this:

It’s one of the clearest videos I’ve seen that shows a structured object. There’s the beacon light, blue light evidently, reflecting down on the body of the craft, the outline of the object itself. You can see some sort of dark lines that appear, some brightness structure, indicating something generating light is hanging down below the object. It’s generating green light as well as blue light. The section of the video which shows the object as sort of appearing over a rise is quite convincing to me as what you would expect if somebody were in the field trying to get closer to it and not knowing how close he could get. And so he turns on his camera while he’s walking. He knows he’s going to come up over a rise and see it and you can see in the video he moves further and further down until you see the whole device.

Suddenly, the light coming towards him gets brighter and brighter and you get a great big diffuse reflection or image in the camera, which suggests to me that this object shined a beam, a blue beam right at him. It appeared to be so large that it would not be logical to try to set all this up at night, under darkness. There would’ve been evidence during the day of movement of generators, of somebody hauling cables, maybe a big apparatus or something that they would’ve had to bring in there for that night. Clearly, if there was a hoax involved, Diane would’ve seen evidence of it in advance.

He also pointed out that the video features in the background the sound of dogs barking, presumed to be those of Oechsler. Another person who analyzed the footage was Dr. Robert Nathan of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who reviewed it in a non-official capacity and could not adequately explain what was seen in the video. It was all very exciting, but there were some red flags as well. For one, the mysterious informant “Guardian” had provided documents that not only ranted about UFOs, Red China, and nuclear weapons, but also did not seem to be very official, with multiple errors throughout suggesting that they were forged. Bob Oechsler would say of this:

There’s some question, immediately, with regard to the authenticity of the documentation, that it didn’t look like it was a typical government document. This document is clearly a fabrication. There are way too many errors in the document to make it authentic. Someone with very little effort could have come a lot closer than this.

Not helping the credibility of the footage was that it at one point shows what seem to be alien creatures, which looked decidedly fake and cast it all in a suspicious light. In light of all of this, the Guardian footage was soon being dismissed as a hoax, although it was unclear who Guardian actually was. One idea was that it was being orchestrated by a man named Bobby Charlebois, who just happened to be a UFO nut and who also knew Diane, and making it even more suspicious was that he refused to have his fingerprints taken. This has thrown certain doubt over it all, but Diane Labenek  has always insisted that her sighting was real and here are those willing to defend the Guardian footage. For his part, Bob Oechsler has taken a skeptical, yet hopeful view on it all, saying:

This is either an extraordinary top secret flying vehicle of somebody’s government or it is of a non-human origin. Having no contact with Guardian is probably the biggest frustration to an investigation like this. We don’t know who Guardian is, what Guardian represents. We don’t know if Guardian was sent or went on his own. We have no idea what the solution to many of these mysteries are going to be. We may never know.

In recent years, Toronto filmmaker Nick Crowe has been endeavoring to make a documentary on the whole thing, entitled Searching for Guardian. Crowe has taken the approach of looking at the case as a possible hoax, and why anyone would want to carry out such a thing. He has said of his efforts and philosophy on the project:

I guess what we’re most interested in is the idea and belief in UFOs. Whatever happened took on an incredible life of its own. It’s not going to be an Unsolved Mystery type of story. These documentaries tend to be human interest stories. There’s definitely a human angle to this. If it was a hoax, why? Someone took a lot of care putting these video tape packages together. There’s an interesting angle there. There was an RCMP investigation; the low-flying helicopters; the Guardian element. We’re the kind of company that does everything by the book. We’re not trying to create a gotcha moment. We’re not salacious. Our interest is not to harass people to be in the film. I would like to believe but I have skepticism about it. Alien landings are kind of a central mystery. This struck me as having a lot of interesting characters around it. A lot of time and effort and thought went in to it.

So what are we dealing with here? Was this a hoax or something else? What did Diane see and who was the mysterious Guardian? It has mostly been written off as a very clever hoax, but it has also never really been fully resolved. Whatever we are looking at here seems to be evading any concrete understanding, and whether it is a trick or not, we may never know just what is going on, or if it is a hoax who orchestrated it all. One more mystery among many in the UFO field.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Natuurfenomeen boven Noordpool kan voor strenge winterkoude zorgen

Er is iets aan de hand in de atmosfeer boven de Noordpool weliswaar. Een spectaculaire weersverandering voltrekt zich op grote hoogte, in de stratosfeer. Daar kan die ook blijven en dan merken wij er hier niets van. Maar in twee van de drie gevallen doet die verandering zich voelen op leefniveau. En dan zullen wij er wél iets van voelen: stevig winterweer.

 Bron: Trouw

De poolwervel is aan de wandel en kan mogelijk splitsen. Dat heeft in verleden gezorgd voor bar winterweer, in Noord-Amerika maar ook in Europa. Het gebeurde bijvoorbeeld in februari 2018 en zorgde voor een koudeperiode die in Noord-Amerika en Groot-Brittannië ‘the Beast from the East’ werd gedoopt. 

Lees ook

• 

  PREMIUM

  De oude Noordpool bestaat niet meer: om de nieuwe woedt een hevige strijd

Het verantwoordelijke fenomeen heet in de meteorologie ‘plotselinge stratosferische opwarming’. Wat verwarrend misschien, maar de bron van die snelle omslag naar winterweer zit in een verwarming. Niet in de opwarming van het klimaat; het gaat hier over een weersverschijnsel dat ongeveer zes keer per decennium voorkomt. En over een verwarming die ver onder nul blijft.

'The Beast from the East', weergave van de splitsing van de poolwervel die leidde tot extreem winterweer in maart 2018.  © Hall et al

De stratosfeer is de luchtlaag die begint op tien kilometer hoogte. Boven de Noordpool is het daar de hele winter donker, want zonlicht komt er niet. Daardoor bouwt zich een gebied van lage druk op met sterke westenwinden: de poolwervel. Vaak blijft die in stand, maar de poolwervel kan ook opbreken. Meteorologen zien dan op grote hoogte de wind draaien van west naar oost. 

“Dat is afgelopen woensdag gebeurd”, zegt Michiel van Weele, meteoroloog bij de Nederlandse meteorlogische dienst KNMI. Het duidt erop dat de temperatuur in de stratosfeer boven de Noordpool flink is gestegen. Er kunnen nu twee dingen gebeuren: de poolwervel verplaatst zich alleen wat in onze richting of hij splitst in twee wervels, zoals het geval was in 2018. “We hebben deze week alleen een verplaatsing kunnen meten”, zegt Van Weele, “maar we houden het in de gaten.”

De kou kan na twee weken al toeslaan

Richard Hall houdt er ernstig rekening mee dat die splitsing er gaat komen. Hall is hoogleraar aan de universiteit van Bristol (VK) en publiceerde deze week in de Journal of Geophysical Research met collega’s een methode om de gevolgen van zo’n wandel van de poolwervel te voorspellen. Het is geen methode die precies verklaart wat er gebeurt, maar een algoritme dat op basis van alle gevallen uit de afgelopen halve eeuw karakteristieken heeft gedestilleerd die nu kunnen worden gebruikt om te voorspellen.

Want de gevolgen kunnen enorm uiteenlopen. De spectaculaire weersverandering voltrekt zich op grote hoogte, in de stratosfeer. Daar kan die ook blijven en dan merken we er niets van. Maar in twee van de drie gevallen doet die verandering zich voelen op leefniveau. Daar kan dan koude poollucht naar gematigde streken gaan stromen. Winterweer dus.

Vooral een splitsing van de poolwervel kan het weer doen omslaan. Bovendien gaat dat een stuk sneller. In de analyse van Hall blijkt het drie weken te duren voor een verplaatsing van de poolwervel zich laat voelen. Maar als de wervel splitst, slaat de kou al na twee weken toe. 

Waar dat gebeurt, hangt af van de gang van de twee nieuwe wervels. Maar de meest waarschijnlijke gebieden, zegt meteoroloog Van Weele, zijn Noord-Amerika en Europa.

GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, geselecteerd en gepost door peter2011

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

Simon Parkes & Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys

Simon Parkes and Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys

COAST TO COAST AM – Simon Parkes, a former Councilor for the London Borough of Hackney, detailed his long history of alien interactions and encounters with Praying Mantis entities. According to Parkes, the Mantis are extremely ancient beings who were actually born on Earth, and “have been accepted by many other off-planet entities as an arbiter,” or referee between various factions including Reptilians, Blonds, and Greys.

The Reptilians, who are very psychic, seek for humans to develop into machines and AI, while the Blond “Nordics” seem to stand in opposition to them, he indicated.

RELATED VIDEOS , selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Orb Creates Smaller Orbs, Oakley, California 12-22-2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Dec 22, 2020
Location of sighting: Oakley, California, USA
Source: MUFON

 

This is a really baffling UFO video. It just came from MUFON today and it shows a glowing orange disk moving across the sky and at two different points...it ejects out glowing objects. No this looks a lot like a mother orb...thats an orb that creates duplicate of itself that are almost the same size, but can create a new orb every 3-5 seconds...with hundreds soon created. Never seen this at night before and it looks way too big to be a cloud orb. Orbs are about basketball size...this looks car size. This is truly an alien craft. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Black Object Over Royal Palm Beach, Florida, Jan 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Jan 1, 2021
Location of sighting: Palm Beach, Florida, USA

Source: MUFON

 

 This UFO is unique in that it appears to be flour bowl shaped...you know...the kind of metal bowl in the kitchen for mixing ingredients. Those particular shaped UFOs have been seen before, usually near power lines. This one has a mist around it and appears not to be black but to be a brownish color. It's moving with the flat side down, and the curved dome side up. It's obviously intelligently controlled. The eyewitness things it may be a bag, but doesn't seem convinced of it. His curiosity causes him to drive around to the other side of the stores to a dead end where a pond is seen, but he sees no UFO anywhere. This is a fantastic and rare catch of a bowl UFO. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan UFO researcher

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Silver Object Over Homes In Chillicothe, Ohio On 5-17-2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 17, 2019
Location of sighting: Chillicothe, Ohio, USA

Source: MUFON

 

This video was just sent into the MUFON today, although it was recorded back in 2019. The object in question is a silver and black object, whose shape cannot be totally defined. In the video the object is seen turning and moving. It also is intelligently controlled. It's not a toy or kite or balloon, but it does appear to be the shape and color of a UFO. This video shows something truly amazing and unexplainable in all terms of the word. 100% alien technology here. 

Scott C. Waring 

Eyewitness states:

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Black cube shaped UFO flying over Royal Palm Beach, Florida 3-Jan-2021

Witness filmed this really amazing UFO sighting from a car while driving on the streets of Royal Palm Beach in Florida. This happened on 3rd January 2021.

Witness report: 

Black cube shape about 10ft length/width/height with apparent exhaust on one side. On January 3, 2021, I was exiting a department store located in Royal Palm Beach, FL, at 6pm. I had just finished shopping with my 10 year old son when I spotted a dark, cubed-shaped object, moving slowly from the west towards a north/northwest location. I immediately filmed it with a somewhat unsteady hand as my son and I were standing on the edge of the street and we had packages that we were keeping an eye on. Still, I was able to follow it until I lost visual as it seemed to be lowering its altitude and lost it behind the store. It was at around 500ft away, give or take. It had what seemed to be some sort of dim light on one side and it appeared that it was some sort of propulsion and it seemed to show some rotation motion. There was no sound coming from it. As soon as I lost visual I jumped in my car and started driving behind the store but couldn’t see it anymore.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

UFO releasing orbs over Oakley, CA 22-Dec-2020

This interesting UFO video of an unknown orange object that was releasing orbs was filmed in Oakley, California on 22nd December 2020.

Witness report: 

seemed to emit some type of energy around the object with different color. Also light seemed to be pulsating, object started ejecting smaller orbe like pieces that would disappear right after. While this object passed by me two planes are seeing to go near it. I have a 2 minutes vídeo also I screen shot the objec and has no shape. No sign of being a meteorite either

RELATED VIDEO, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Defending Earth against dangerous asteroids: Q&A with NASA's Lindley Johnson

By Leonard David 

A major asteroid or comet strike could cause extensive devastation and profoundly affect life on Earth.

Target Earth: This illustration shows a space rock approaching Earth, perhaps headed for destructive impact on our world.

(Image: © DoD)

Lindley Johnson, NASA's Planetary Defense Officer and program executive of the Planetary Defense Coordination Office. (Image credit: Lonnie Anderson/Sandia National Laboratories)

It's a cosmic roll of the dice. There's no doubt that a major asteroid or comet strike could cause extensive devastation and profoundly affect life on Earth. 

The largest hit in recent times was the object that exploded over Tunguska, Siberia, in June 1908 with an energy impact of five to 15 megatons. Then there was that spectacular and destructive airburst in February 2013 over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk. The Chelyabinsk explosion generated a shock wave that shattered windows on the ground, and the resulting flying glass shards injured more than 1,000 people.

While these run-ins are few and far between, those in the know call them wakeup calls.

• Infographic: Huge Russian meteor blast is biggest since 1908

Thwarting an incoming object that has Earth in its crosshairs will mean deflecting or disrupting the hazardous object. That's a task of planetary defense, an "applied planetary science" to address the near-Earth object (NEO) impact hazard.

Lindley Johnson is NASA's Planetary Defense Officer and program executive of the Planetary Defense Coordination Office. An email from him includes the on-the-job line: "Hic Servare Diem," Latin for "Here to Save the Day."

Space.com caught up with Johnson in late December to discuss recent events and what's on the planetary-defense agenda in 2021. 

Space.com: What's the impact of the Dec. 1 loss of the Arecibo Observatory's 305-meter telescope on your planetary radar efforts for NEO observations?

Johnson: The National Science Foundation made the hard decision that it needed to be decommissioned for safety reasons and brought down. But the telescope decided to do it on its own. Its planetary radar observation isn't unique, as we have it at our Goldstone [Solar System Radar in California's Mojave Desert] too. What was unique about Arecibo was the size of the dish and the power it generated, which gave it a longer range than we have at Goldstone.

Space.com: So we have lost capability?

Johnson: We have lost that capability, but we haven't lost planetary radar capability. But it does make Goldstone a more critical capability for us than it was. We did have some overlap and redundancy prior to loss of Arecibo, but now we have Goldstone. I think not only NASA but other agencies as well will soon engage in a study of what is the future for our planetary radar capability. I think the loss of Arecibo will provide the incentive to get that together, a concerted effort on the part of several agencies.

• Related: Potentially dangerous asteroids (images)

Damage sustained at the Arecibo Observatory 305-meter telescope. The top section of all three of the telescope's support towers broke off. As the 900-ton instrument platform fell, the telescope's support cables also dropped.  (Image credit: NSF/University of Central Florida)

Space.com: How is the launch next year of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) coming along?

Johnson: It's about two-thirds of the way through its integration and test now at the Applied Physics Laboratory [APL, at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland]. It is beginning to look like a real spacecraft. But there certainly have been challenges with COVID-19 and delivery by suppliers of all the parts. One of the remaining big pieces still to be delivered is the rollout solar arrays. But the integration schedule has been rearranged. Things are looking positive all the way through the testing that's going on. We're in pretty good shape to get DART shipped out to Vandenberg [Air Force Base in California] to meet the end-of-July launch. 

Space.com: Any update on the Italian Space Agency's Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroid, the LICIACube built to witness DART's impact?

Johnson: They've had their challenges too, maybe even more so. We're hoping they will be able to stay on schedule. LICIACube could be integrated at APL, or it could also be integrated out at Vandenberg if they need to.

Imagery of the asteroid 2014 JO25,  generated with radar data collected using NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar in California's Mojave Desert.  (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSSR)

Space.com: As NASA's first planetary defense mission, what do you hope to learn from DART?

Johnson: It will confirm for us what the viability of the kinetic impactor technique is for diverting an asteroid's orbit and determine that it remains a viable option, at least for smaller-sized asteroids, which are the most frequent impact hazard.

Space.com: You have been engaged in a series of "table top" exercises involving the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations about the nature, risk and what to do given an Earth encounter with an asteroid or comet impact. What's their value to your work?

Johnson: There will definitely be more coming, and possibly next year. We do introduce different scenarios, like how much time before impact do you have? Or what's the size of the object? To date, the exercises have been done with a relatively small community. I think in a future exercise, our main objective is to have a broader community of the NEO Impact Threat Emergency Protocols Working Group take part, representation from a number of other agencies that have not been involved in previous exercises. That working group was formed in early 2019 to work on Goal 5 actions in the National NEO Strategy and Action Plan.

Artistic view of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft and the Italian Space Agency's LICIACube watchdog prior to impact at the Didymos binary system.  (Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben)

Space.com: The JPL Center for NEO Studies is NASA's center for computing asteroid and comet orbits and their odds of Earth impact. Fireball and bolide data is included on their website, some of which is gleaned from classified military satellites. How is that data exchange between NASA and the military going?

Johnson: The pathways and the capabilities are more straightforward than it used to be. We are still working on making it faster, more automated. Through this last year some of it was somewhat manual, with data delayed longer than we would like it to be. If you check out the website, you'll see a steady addition of events into our database.

NASA's proposed NEO Surveyor spacecraft.  (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

Space.com: You would want to obtain that data far sooner?

Johnson: Within hours of the event, if not quicker. 

Space.com: Asteroid samples brought back to Earth — be they from Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft and NASA's OSIRIS-REx — how valuable are they to your planetary defense office?

Johnson: They certainly do help us understand the nature and composition of these objects. Getting these spacecraft out there to observe them up close is part of a step-by-step approach, from remote sensing of them … and then collecting a sample for lab analysis here on Earth. It confirms what we think we know about an asteroid's composition. 

That's of course of great interest to the scientific community. But it's also of value in understanding how mitigation techniques might be more effective. For remote sensing of these objects, you are never sure whether the lines and squiggles are being interpreted correctly. When you get up close, you can confirm a number of things. So it's kind of a bootstrap approach.

• Related: The greatest asteroid encounters of all time!

This map shows reported fireball events, with approximate total optical radiated energy and calculated total impact energy for each one. (Image credit: Alan B. Chamberlin/JPL-Caltech)

Space.com: Any  new words on your proposed NASA Near Earth Object Surveyor spacecraft, a space-based infrared telescope capable of detecting asteroids close to Earth?

Johnson: From a technical standpoint, everybody agrees that this project is ready to move on into phase B, a preliminary design. The uncertainty right now is what the future budget is going to be. Our planetary defense program does not have adequate budget out through the number of years it will take to develop NEO Surveyor as yet.

Space.com: Looking back and eyeing the future, how do you appraise NASA's planetary defense program? 

Johnson: The program at NASA continues. Using ground-based capabilities in 2020, it looks like the number of found NEOs is going to hit 2,800 [for the year], a record number for us. Most of those are quite small, much smaller than the 140-meter threshold that we're working toward. 

The level of which we're finding the 140-meter and larger asteroids remains pretty stable, at about 500 a year. Our projection of the number of these objects out there is about 25,000, and we've only found a little over one-third of those so far, maybe 38% or so. Our models tell us we've got about 15,000 more to find. At 500 a year, you do the math, that's 30 years that we have to get through with these kind of operations today. We can do it quicker. We know we have the technology to do it faster, and that is what NEO Surveyor is all about.

• Leonard David is author of the book "Moon Rush: The New Space Race," which was published by National Geographic in May 2019. A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or on Facebook. This version of the story published on Space.com.

{ https://www.space.com/ }

Earth's atmosphere is full of microbes. Could they help us find life on other worlds?

Astronomers witness the ‘death’ of a galaxy

Astronomers have discovered a galaxy that is ejecting a massive amout of gas. The outburst could represent the end of star formation in ID2299 and its figurative death.

 by Rob

The process that causes the end of star formation in galaxies, their transition to an inactive phase and thus their figurative ‘death’ has been a puzzle for astronomers and astrophysicist for some time. Many researchers believe that ‘galactic death’ begins with the ejection of a massive quantity of gas, but thus far, researchers have failed to capture evidence of the escape of this star-forming fuel in such volumes. Thus the confirmation of how this transition to galactic quintessence occurs has also proved elusive.

Now an international team of astronomers have used the  Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) located in the desert region of Chile to spot a distant galaxy in which such a massive ejection of gas is progressing.

“Using ALMA we have discovered a distant galaxy, ID2299, which is ejecting about half of its cold gas reservoir out of the galaxy,” Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, lead researcher on the study, tells ZME Science. “This is the first time we have observed a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant Universe about to ‘die’ because of a massive cold gas ejection.”

This artist’s impression of ID2299 shows the galaxy, the product of a galactic collision, and some of its gas being ejected by a “tidal tail” as a result of the merger. New observations made with ALMA, in which ESO is a partner, have captured the earliest stages of this ejection before the gas reached the very large scales depicted in this artist’s impression. (ESO/M. Kornmesser)

ID2299 is so distant that the light it emits takes 9 billion years to reach Earth, which means the team were able to observe it at a time when the universe was just 4.5 billion years old.

The rate of gas ejection that ID2299–a galaxy with a similar mass to the Milky way– is experiencing is equivalent to 10,000 Suns per year, removing an extraordinary 48% of its total cold gas content. In addition to this, the galaxy is still forming stars at a rapid rate, hundreds of times faster than the star formation rate of our own galaxy.

Puglisi explains that the gas ejection, together with a large amount of star formation in the nuclear regions of the galaxy, will eventually deprive the galaxy of the fuel need to make new stars.

“This would stop star formation in the object, effectively halting the galaxy’s development.”

Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

The team’s research, published in the latest edition of the journal Nature Astronomy, is significant because it represents three ‘firsts’ for astronomy. “This is the first time we observe a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant Universe about to ‘die’ because of a massive cold gas ejection,” explains Puglisi. “Also, for the first time, we were able to tell that massive gas ejection might be frequent enough to cause the cessation of star formation in a large number of massive distant galaxies. Finally, we were able to study the physical properties of the ejected gas in a distant galaxy.”

The researcher goes on to explain that these factors are important in the understanding of the triggering mechanism of the ejection– the galaxy’s distinct tidal tail.

Galactic Collisions and Tidal Tails

The research team that discovered ID2299 believe that it was created during a collision between two galaxies and their eventual merger. Ironically this process seems to have triggered the rapid gas loss that will eventually cause it to become inactive.

Another stunning example of a tidal tail is the ‘Tadpole’s Tail’ emerging from the galaxy Arp 188. This tail stretches a stunning 280 thousand light years and was caused by a gravitational interaction with another galaxy. (Hubble Legacy Archive/ NASA/ ESA)

“ID2299 is a galaxy with a large mass in stars and is forming new stars at a rate 300 times faster than our Galaxy– a result of the collision between two galaxies,” co-author Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, tells ZME.

The main clue that points towards ID2299’s creation by collision is the fact its ejected gas has taken the form of a tidal tail. These elongated streams of stars and gas that reach into interstellar space are often too faint to see and are theorised to be the result of galactic mergers.

“Collisions between galaxies are very powerful and spectacular phenomena. During the interaction, tidal forces develop and can trigger ejection of gas through tidal tails,” says Circosta. “Our study suggests that these ejections could be frequent enough to stop the formation of new stars in a large number of massive galaxies in the distant Universe.

“Our research shows that these interactions can have an important role in the life-cycles of galaxies.

Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London

What makes the team’s findings even more impressive is the fact that it’s a discovery that occurred predominantly through good fortune.

Serendipity and a Series of Firsts

Because tidal tails of gas such as the one that the team observed being ejected from ID2299 are extremely faint and thus, difficult for astronomers to observe. In fact, the team weren’t looking for a galaxy like ID2299 at all.

“The discovery of this object was serendipitous. I was inspecting the spectra of 100 star-forming galaxies from the ALMA telescope,” says Puglisi, who goes on to explain that the spectrum of galaxy ID2299 immediately caught her attention as it displayed an excess of emission near the very prominent emission line from the galaxy. “I was very surprised when I measured the flux of this excess emission because it indicated that the galaxy was expelling a large amount of gas.

 “I was thrilled to discover such an exceptional galaxy! I was eager to learn more about this weird object because I was convinced that there was some important lesson to be learned about how distant galaxies evolve.“

Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University

The discovery of ID2299 sparked a discussion within the team about the mechanism that is causing the gas ejection of gas at such a rapid rate. They concluded that alternative mechanisms simply couldn’t account for ejection in such large amounts.

“We discussed a lot to understand what could have been the possible cause of this phenomenon. Broad components are fairly common in the spectra of distant galaxies and are typically associated with galactic winds,” says Puglisi. “Nor the active black hole nor the strong star formation hosted in ID2299 were powerful enough to produce this ejection.

“The numbers didn’t just add up.”

The ALMA antennas at the Llano Chajnantor–above them, the bright Milky Way is visible–played a vital role in the discovery of ID2299 and will now assist in the further investigation of gas movements in the galaxy (ESO/Y. Beletsky)

The next steps for the team are to use ALMA to make high-resolution observations of ID2299 and the motion of gas within it in order to better understand the gas ejection occurring there. Looking beyond this galaxy, Puglisi says she will also look for similar occurrences in other galaxies.

“I personally find quite fascinating the study of galaxy interactions and mergers. These phenomena are visually spectacular,” the researcher adds. “I find quite poetic that galaxies can get close to each other and influence their life and evolution so dramatically.”

The research the team presents could either overturn current theories that suggest star-forming material is actually ejected by the activity of supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies or could provide another mechanism by which this can occur. Either way, the discovery represents a significant step forward in our understanding of how galaxies develop.

“I see galaxy evolution as a complex puzzle that researchers are trying to complete through their studies,” Circosta concludes. “A crucial part of the puzzle is about the mechanisms that halt the formation of new stars and ‘kill’ galaxies.

“Witnessing such a massive disruption event allowed us to shed new light on one of the possible culprits responsible for the death of distant galaxies. This adds an important piece to the puzzle of galaxy evolution!”

Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London

Original research:

• Puglisi. A., Daddi. E., Brusa. M., et al, ‘A titanic interstellar medium ejection from a massive starburst galaxy at z=1.4,’ Nature Astronomy, [2021], [DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-01268-x].

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

ORIGINAL PHOENIX LIGHTS UFO FOOTAGE MARCH 17TH 1997!

The secret space program has been under development since the Nazi era. The Secret Space Program It’s finally time to disclose some information about the Secret Space Program. The hidden purpose of this secret space program was to set the stage for the takeover of the planet by the Draconian / Reptilian.

This takeover scheme will fail and soon the Light forces will wipe out the Cabal, the remnant of the planet’s Draconian rule. The secret space program was launched in Germany shortly after World War I. In 1934, many races of the Draco Empire contacted world leaders and signed secret agreements to enslave large numbers of humans instead of providing advanced military technology. This is the reason why great technological progress was recognized in the 1930s. All of these projects needed financial backing, which was funded by privately owned gold confiscated by the 1934 Gold Reserve Act. During World War II, Draconian forces attempted a public takeover of the planet through Nazi Germany. This attempt was unsuccessful due to the Allied victory, and the Draconian set up a hidden plan. They transferred about 2000 Nazi leaders to the United States by Operation Paperclip, but many of these Nazi Germans still form the shadow government backbone that dominates the events on this planet. I will. After the war, hundreds of thousands of tonnes of Yamashita Gold were incorporated into the trade program to fund the construction of large-scale systems at global underground military bases. These bases were built to set the stage for the Draconian invasion planned to take place in the 2000s. In the 1950s, the secret space program was expanded with plans to build bases on the Moon and Mars. Construction of these bases beneath the globe has progressed, with 120 bases in the United States and 400 bases worldwide in the mid-1990s. These projects required additional funding, and 25% of all human salaries on the planet were invested in these secret projects through tax paper money.

 65 Different Types Of Aliens That Might Exist

Amazing footage of Donald Trump speaking about aliens in Area 51. Further on in the video you could see that some type of UFO crafts started flying over the White House. Later on in the video you see a real alien on camera. Israel space chief claims that Donald Trump knows about aliens! 

Mysterious Third Monolith Appears in California – DECEMBER 2 2020

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

They Built a Massive Antarctica Underground City Complex, Dr Michael Salla

They Built a Massive City Complex Underground in Antarctica, Dr Michael Salla

Topics discussed in this LARP “Live Action Role Play” Entertainment Purposes Podcast

• The Race for Space Supremacy
• Building 300 Squadrons of Spaceships for Space Dominance
• Less then 180 Days, May is the Month for Disclosure Plato, Atlantis, Antarctica, the Hub of Atlantis Patent to Hyper City Electromagnetic Field Generator Patent Tesla Shield to Protect Cities , 5 Navy Patents Will Revolutionize The World
• Space Travel Space Carrier Battle Groups Hybrid Aerospace Underwater Craft Massive Underground Complexes Built Under Ice in Antarctica 4th Reich Built Their Spaceships in Antarctica Underground Cities Space Pearl Harbor Space Futures 2060 & The Mapping of 8 Different Scenarios The Star Trek Future

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Astrange black humanoid-like object hovering in the sky over Chillicothe, Ohio. The figure changing directions and changes shapes. 

Back in 2019 (2019-05-17) the witness noticed something in the sky hovering around on which he pulled out his camera and recorded what he saw. 

To see the strange object better, he zoomed in, watched it, zoomed out and zoomed in again. It was that moment the black figure started changing shapes. 

Since the figure was far away in the sky he didn't get a good look at it until he went inside his house to get a better look out of the light and what he saw was something unexplainable. Mufon.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Triangle UFO formation over Argentina 9-Jan-2021

This daytime UFO footage of triangular formation making maneuvers in the sky above Argentina was filmed on 9th January 2021 and submitted to me through our Facebook page.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

ASTRONAUTS COULD FUEL THEIR RETURN TRIP USING MARS’ ATMOSPHERE

SPACEX

{ https://futurism.com/the-byte }

Ancient UFOs And Alien Life Contact: Have They Visited Us Before?

According to ancient writings, aliens have visited Earth since the beginning of mankind.

UFOs, aliens and alien abductions are a hot topic thanks to TV shows like UFO Hunters and V, along with movies like The Fourth Kind. The question needs to be asked, are UFOs and aliens real?

There seems to be a wealth of evidence to support the belief that UFOs and aliens exist. If this is true, some may be led to wonder “How long have aliens been visiting the Earth? Some researchers and scholars believe that Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials since mankind began.

The Sumerian Creation Story

The Sumerian creation story, called Epic of Creation, tells of a twelfth planet in the solar system called Nibiru. It is alleged to pass by Earth only once every 3,600.

Some people refer to it as Planet X. The story goes on to tell how beings from that planet, known as the Anunnaki, came down to Earth. In the Bible, these people are known as the Nefilim.

If this story seems strange, it gets even stranger. According to the translation of ancient Sumerian tablets, the aliens who visited Earth at the dawn of mankind are said to have genetically altered early man, advancing mankind to the Homo sapiens that exist today.

This story holds that the first genetically altered man was known as Adam, which coincides with the Bible story of the first person God created. This was done to create slave labor for the extraterrestrials who came to Earth for mining purposes.

Supporters of this theory cite Genesis 1: 26 which says, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness.” If this is true, it would explain what some believe is a missing link in Darwin’s theory.

Ancient Hindu Texts and UFOs

Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Bhagavata-Purana are three ancient Hindu texts that date back to at least 3000 B.C. These texts tell of flying machines, called vimanas, that could travel to other worlds.

In addition, Vedic writings tell of Devas, who were known as gods from other planets, that would visit Earth, coming in flying machines.

India, according to Dr.V. Raghavan, retired head of the Sanskrit department of India’s prestigious University of Madras, was alone in playing host to extraterrestrials in prehistory. Dr. Raghavan contends that centuries-old documents in Sanskrit (the classical language of India and Hinduism) prove that aliens from outer space visited his nation.

“Fifty years of researching this ancient works convinces me that there are livings beings on other planets, and that they visited earth as far back as 4,000 B.C., ”

The scholar says.

“There is a just a mass of fascinating information about flying machines, even fantastic science fiction weapons, that can be found in translations of the Vedas (scriptures), Indian epics, and other ancient Sanskrit text.”

In the Mahabharata (writings), there is notion of divine lighting and ray weapons, even a kind of hypnotic weapon. And in the Ramayana (writings), there is a description of Vimanas, or flying machines, that navigated at great heights with the aid of quicksilver and a great propulsive wind. “These were space vehicles similar to the so-called flying saucers reported throughout the world today.

The Ramayana even describes a beautiful chariot which ‘arrived shining, a wonderful divine car that sped through the air’. In another passage, there is mention of a chariot being seen ‘sailing overhead like a moon.'”

In the ancient Vymanka-Shastra (science of aeronautics), there is a description of a Vimana: “An apparatus which can go by its own force, from one place to place or globe to globe.”

Dr. Raghavan points out, “The text’s revelations become even more astounding. Thirty-one parts-of which the machine consists-are described, including a photographing mirror underneath. The text also enumerates 16 kinds of metal that are needed to construct the flying vehicle: “But only three of them are known to us today. The rest remain untranslatable.”

Francis Crick and the Origins of Life on Earth

Francis Crick is a Nobel Prize winner, responsible for helping to discover the structure of DNA. Along with fellow scientist, Leslie Orgel, Crick theorizes that life on Earth could have begun on another planet, with organisms being sent to Earth as an act of seeding.

RELATED ARTICLES

• 
  Ancient Aircrafts: Reality or Fiction?
• 
  The Flying Machines of Ancient India: Extraterrestrial Visitors?

This theory is based on the lack of the element molybdenum, (important in enzymatic reactions,) on Earth, that could be abundant on another planet.

Sighting and writings of UFOs have been recorded throughout mankind’s history. Although it takes many people out of their comfort zone, historical evidence needs to be considered when considering if Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials before.

{ https://anomalien.com/ }

A Disturbance in the Field

By Dr. Amira Val Baker, Resonance Science Foundation Research Scientist

The Earth’s magnetic field appears to be shifting and geologists don’t know why.

Like most spinning systems, such as stars and planets, the Earth’s magnetic field is assumed to be generated through the motion of electrically conducting fluids – such as a liquid iron core as is thought to be the case for the Earth. All being well, in a perfect idealized ‘physics’ world, the magnetic field would align with the axis of spin. However, the reality is that the Earth’s magnetic field is aligned at an 11-degree angle to the spin axis, hovering somewhere over Canada. The exact location is variable and over the last 180 years the magnetic north pole has been migrating northwestward with movements of up to 25 miles per year.

Variation of the poles is normal and, in some cases, can result in complete reversal of the poles. This can be seen in the magnetic fingerprints stored in ancient rocks, which show that the poles have flipped every 200,000 to 300,00 years for the last 20 million years. The last flip occurred around 780,000 years ago so some say we are well over due for a flip! If a flip did occur, then our north compass would point towards the south pole and vice versa. This could result in some confusion, especially for animals with internal compasses, such as birds. As well, when a flip has occurred in the past it has been associated with a temporary weakening of the field, which would remove the capabilities of Earth’s protective shield exposing us to increased levels of radiation. Read more here.

Understanding the magnetic field in all its complexities has been progressing with the continuous development of computer simulations – however it still has a long way to go in furthering our understanding and reaching a satisfactory predictive model.

The World Magnetic Model (WMM) utilizes these computer simulations to spatially represent the Earth’s magnetic field. All modern navigation systems rely on it – from the systems that steer ships at sea to Google maps on smart phones. Its accuracy is paramount and is therefore updated every 5 years to account for the latest variations. The next update was scheduled for 2020, however, recently the magnetic field has been changing so rapidly and erratically that it has to be updated now – with the update set for the end of this month!

In the unified physics perspective all fields and forces are the result of a fundamental toroidal dynamic. The magnitude of the force and the associated effects of the field will depend on the characteristics of the system and will thus be of varying significance. The Earth is spinning and will therefore have a magnetic field which can be measured in terms of the exerted torque. Typically, the magnetic field will be aligned with the spin axis of the planet or spinning system. However, both internal disturbances and/or external perturbations could affect both the local and global symmetry and overall alignment, which is what we could be experiencing now. Maybe the unified physics approach can help shed some light on these complexities. Watch this space!

Article: 

• https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00007-1#ref-CR1

{ https://www.resonancescience.org/ }

In the end, the DNA results of the elongated skull resembling an Alien were made public (Videos)

It’s been 5 long years since the original Paracas elongated skulls have been discovered and yet we needed until 2020 to actually finally get DNA results from them.

Through them, we realized the fact that the elongated skulls are actually not human after all and that they’re unlike anything we’ve ever seen before.

Although they weren’t going to say it, it’s pretty clear that these are actually alien in nature which makes them about as close to extraterrestrial beings as scientists have ever been to acknowledging.

Brien Forester, one of the most prominent scientists of our generation was actually the one to investigate the Peru skulls.

He stated that he even had his top radiologist scan them out and the results were uncanny, to say the least.

They needed a very long time to actually get permission from the Ministry of Culture of Peru to investigate the DNA of the Paracas but the long wait was worth it in the end it seems.

What’s also interesting to mention is that the U2E, H, H1A, and H2 cells from the skulls don’t originate from the American continent either which would imply that they’re actually coming from somewhere else also.

Only 12 of the 18 skulls could actually be tested because the DNA had degraded so much over the years that only 12 of them were still usable. Still, the team managed to extract 58 samples from them which were tested in two different laboratories and the results were quite literally “out of this world” to say the least.

Videos:

-FactLeaks

{ https://factleaks.net/ }

President-elect of the United States Joe Biden speaking with supporters at a community event at Sun City MacDonald Ranch in Henderson, Nevada.

Image via Planetary Society/ Gage Skidmore.

Shortly before 4 a.m. (12:00 UTC) last week (January 7, 2021), Congress confirmed Democrat Joe Biden as the United States presidential election winner. Vice President Mike Pence, presiding over the joint session, announced the tally, 306-232. Whatever your political leanings, if you are a space fan, you watched closely during the Donald Trump administration as it supported NASA’s long-term goal of sending astronauts to Mars. And you saw our nation’s course change during Trump’s tenure to a short-term goal of returning the next man and first woman to the moon by 2024, with the Artemis program. Overall – under Donald Trump – America’s gaze shifted more strongly to human missions to the moon and to Mars. Will that focus continue under President Joe Biden? How can NASA expect to fare under Biden?

Here is some context. In 2017, Trump appointed Jim Bridenstine, a Republican congressman from Oklahoma, to run NASA. The Congress – and the science and space communities – were caught off guard because NASA is typically run by a scientist or a former astronaut or other apolitical space expert. Bridenstine was eventually confirmed by the Senate in April 2018, more than seven months after his appointment. Despite his lack of space or science background, in two years as NASA administrator he appeared to gain the respect of many. Immediately after Biden’s election, however, in early November 2020, Bridenstine announced he would resign.

More context. The wonderful missions out into our solar system that we hear so much about – the much-loved Mars fleet, New Horizons’ dramatic sweep past Pluto, Cassini’s 13 years at Saturn and so on – are robotic missions. The workhorse missions to understand our own Earth and sun are robotic missions. There’s been a decades-long attempt to balance the smaller robotic missions like these, which bear so much fruit, with the bigger, flashier, more expensive missions that could carry human beings into the solar system. The decision to launch a Cassini or a New Horizons has to be made decades in advance; indeed, some of the most visible and stirring robotic missions of this century so far were the lifetime work of scientists begun in the last decades of the 20th century. Why can’t we have both kinds of missions? Why indeed? But it does seem that – in terms of the space program since it began in the late 1950s – the focus has shifted between human missions and robotic missions. That’s just something to bear in mind.

How will the U.S. space program change under a President Joe Biden? Biden is a known quantity in many ways, having served for decades in the Senate and eight years as vice president in the Obama administration. But his plans for NASA and America’s space program are less clear.

The Biden campaign made little mention of its space priorities, apart from a few statements made during the Crew Dragon Demo 2 launch on May 30, 2020, the first launch of NASA astronauts from American soil since 2011. Specifically, Biden wrote on his website:

As president, I look forward to leading a bold space program that will continue to send astronaut heroes to expand our exploration and scientific frontiers through investments in research and technology to help millions of people here on Earth.

The Democratic Party platform – a practical list of Democratic Party objectives for the next four years – was proposed to the 2020 Platform Committee at its meeting on July 27, 2020. While thorough in its claims to upholding national health, economic growth, and racial equity, among other things, its only mention of the space program was condensed to a few lines. However brief, it was considered to be promising in the opinion of John Logsdon, the founder of George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute. The Democratic platform not only endorsed NASA’s current plans, but mentioned its priorities ranging from science and technology development to continued operation of the International Space Station and human space exploration:

Democrats continue to support NASA and are committed to continuing space exploration and discovery. We believe in continuing the spirit of discovery that has animated NASA’s human space exploration, in addition to its scientific and medical research, technological innovation, and educational mission that allows us to better understand our own planet and place in the universe. We will strengthen support for the United States’ role in space through our continued presence on the International Space Station, working in partnership with the international community to continue scientific and medical innovation. We support NASA’s work to return Americans to the moon and go beyond to Mars, taking the next step in exploring our solar system. Democrats additionally support strengthening NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth observation missions to better understand how climate change is impacting our home planet.

From what we can gather, two major impending changes are likely.

First, a Biden administration could strengthen NASA and NOAA’s Earth-observing capabilities, with the goal of better understanding climate change. Lori Garver, the NASA deputy administrator during the Obama administration, was a key speaker at the SpaceVision 2020 convention on November 7 and 8, 2020. She said:

Managing the Earth’s ability to sustain human life and biodiversity will likely, in my view, dominate a civil space agenda for a Biden-Harris administration.

Second, although it supports a human return to the moon, a Biden administration has made no specific mention of launch dates. Launching humans to the moon in 2024 as part of the Artemis mission was the Trump administration’s timeline. There is speculation that the Biden administration will, at the very least, slow down the Artemis program, perhaps freeing up money for Earth science and other priorities elsewhere in the agency. On December 20, 2020, the United States government’s two houses of Congress agreed on NASA’s final budget for fiscal year 2021. In the report accompanying the bill, Senate appropriators noted that the looming uncertainty “makes it difficult to analyze the future impacts that funding the accelerated moon mission will have on NASA’s other important missions.” Wendy Whitman Cobb, associate professor of Strategy and Security Studies, U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, said

I don’t think Artemis will get canceled. I also don’t think it will get any more money than what it’s currently getting.

On November 10, the Biden administration announced the rosters of the agency review teams that will fan out across the federal government to gather information and guide the Biden administration’s planning. Garver, who led the Obama administration’s transition, commented:

The transition teams really come in to see how things are doing and make recommendations going forward.

NASA chief Jim Bridenstine speaking in December 2019, in front of the newly completed SLS core stage for the Artemis 1 mission. Days after Joe Biden’s November election, Bridenstine announced his January 20, 2021, resignation. Who will replace him?

Image via Wikimedia Commons.

A key priority of Biden’s space focus will be his selection of a new NASA administrator. He has so far been quiet about his choice, but there’s been plenty of speculation concerning potential candidates. That list is dominated by women. For example, Pam Melroy, a former NASA astronaut who flew on three shuttle missions, is a likely choice. Other possibilities include Wanda Austin, former president and chief executive of the Aerospace Corporation, and Gretchen McClain, a former NASA official who later worked in industry and serves on the boards of several companies.

Past transitions suggest that a new administrator for NASA might not come until months after the January 20 inauguration. After being inaugurated in January 2009, President Obama didn’t nominate Charlie Bolden as administrator (and Garver as deputy administrator) until May 2009; the Senate confirmed them in July. Bridenstine, despite emerging as a top candidate for NASA administrator days after Trump won the presidential election in November 2016, was only nominated in September 2017.

Artist’s concept of an astronaut on the moon, gazing back at Earth, via NASA’s Artemis program.

• Bottom line: Democrat Joe Biden will be the next U.S. President. What are his plans for NASA and America’s space program? We predict a focus on Earth observation, especially that related to climate change. And we join many others in predicting that the goal of launching the next man and first woman to the moon in the Artemis program will be pushed back from 2024.
• Read more from EarthSky: NASA announces 18 astronauts on its Artemis Team
• Via Democratic Party Platform

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

Before NASA's biggest mission in decades, a critical update

The Moon may be Earth's closest natural satellite, but that doesn't mean that it's easy to get to.

 It takes about three days to make the 238,900-mile journey to the Moon, traveling through the depths of space.

This week, NASA announced that its team of engineers from the Space Communications and Navigations (SCaN) program are developing a new, more accurate navigation system for the Artemis mission. The new system will improve timing, precise and responsive maneuvers, reduce cost, and allowing for autonomous, onboard orbit and trajectory determination.

NASA will upgrade its space navigation system to ensure a smoother ride for its Artemis astronauts.  NASA

Today, spacecraft flying below about 1,800 miles in altitude can rely on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, which are a constellation of satellites that provide signals from space that transmit positioning and timing data to receivers located down on Earth.

For us down on Earth, GNSS signals enable our navigation systems and are also used for banking transactions, cellular networks, and telecommunications. Meanwhile, while flying through space, spacecraft use these signals to determine their location, velocity, and time the same way we use our phones to navigate on Earth, according to NASA.

What is GNSS and how does it work?

THE PROBLEM

However, as spacecraft travel beyond 1,800 miles in altitude, the GNSS signals are not able to reach them. Instead, the spacecraft begin relying on signals received from the opposite side of the Earth, extending over the planet.

THE SOLUTION

But NASA engineers believe they have found a way to extend the GNSS signals as they reach for the Moon.

Dr. Ben Ashman, a NASA navigation engineer, said in a statement: “Our simulations show that GPS can be extended to lunar distances by simply augmenting existing high-altitude GPS navigation systems with higher-gain antennas on user spacecraft.

"GPS and GNSS could play an important role in the upcoming Artemis missions from launch through lunar surface operations.”

Rather than receiving signals from a single GNSS constellation, simulations created by NASA's team of engineers have shown that that receiving signals from different constellations at the same time would improve the mission’s ability to calculate its location.

Beyond the simulations, NASA is planning on testing this out in real life with the upcoming Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE). The space agency is planning to land LuGRE in the Moon's Mare Crisium basin in the year 2023.

Once it's on the lunar surface, the spacecraft will be the first to receive GNSS signals on the Moon.

The data gathered from this, hopefully successful, experiment will be used to develop GNSS systems that can be used by future missions to the Moon.

The Artemis mission aims to land humans on the Moon no earlier than the year 2024.

The purpose of the Artemis program is not only to return humans to the Moon, but establish a presence on the orbiting rock and use the Moon to propel us to further destinations — such as Mars:

Shutterstock

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

There is a “Lost City” in Colombia much older than Machu Picchu

” Lost City ” … This is how it is called in modern times. Founded as “Teyuna” by the pre-Hispanic aborigines of the Colombian jungle.

Teyuna means ” origin of the peoples of the Earth . ” It was built 1,100 meters high, with 169 terraces carved in stone. Ciudad Perdida formed the center of Tayrona culture , its religious and commercial center. It is estimated that it was built about 600 years before Machu Picchu of the Incas and that there are still 9 square kilometers to explore of it.

It is known as a type of Colombian ” Machu Picchu ” and was rediscovered in the 1970s . It is located in the middle of the jungle of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . Archaeologists have concluded that it was founded in 660 AD. C.

History of the Lost City of Tayuna

It has 169 stone terraces but it is still estimated that there are 9,000 square meters left ready to be explored. Its constructions include houses, squares, ceremonial centers, cobbled paths, bridges and aqueducts .

Another interesting construction is a hypnotic spiral staircase that leads to a ceremonial center , as well as a rock that could be a map of the city , but has also been called a “map of the mind . ”

Teyuna was abandoned between the years 1550 and 1600 when the Spanish began to invade the Pacific coast of Colombia. Likewise, the Tayrona also received European syphilis and smallpox and there their people began to drastically reduce . The Wiwa tribe are their descendants , a very spiritual tribe connected with the natural environment.

“Rediscovery” of the Lost City

It took 372 years for it to be rediscovered by modernity. It was in 1972 , when bird hunters stumbled upon moss-covered stairs in the Buritaca River sector. They cleared and broke the tracks to reach the Teyuna platforms .

There they found tombs , which they excavated to discover treasures , artifacts and idols of gold . The Colombian authorities did not investigate the place until 1975 , when the existence of the Lost City was confirmed. Then archaeological excavations and restorations began.

To get to the pre-Hispanic city in the heights, you can only take a path on foot that takes several days . Then you have to climb about 1,200 steps . This requires good physical condition!

The Lost City of Tayona is one of the largest in pre-Columbian America and shows the high level of civil engineering of this almost forgotten Tayrona town . And there is still much to discover, with its 9 kilometers hidden among the vegetation!

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

From the “This is probably not a good thing but aren’t they cute?” files comes news out of Africa of the discoveries of two dwarf giraffes – short-legged males half the size of normal giraffes. Conservationists found the first in a national park in Uganda in 2015 and the second on a private farm in Namibia in 2018. Their discoveries have been kept quiet to protect the unusual creatures, but Michael Brown, a conservation science fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute who discovered the Ugandan dwarf, recently let the tiny giraffes out of their big bags with a paper in the journal BMC Research Notes on the condition both suffer from – skeletal dysplasia.

“Skeletal dysplasias, cartilaginous or skeletal disorders that sometimes result in abnormal bone development, are seldom reported in free-ranging wild animals. Here, we use photogrammetry and comparative morphometric analyses to describe cases of abnormal appendicular skeletal proportions of free-ranging giraffe in two geographically distinct taxa: a Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda and an Angolan giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis) on a private farm in central Namibia.”

Normal baby giraffes seen here) have the same proportions as adults.

While they’re both giraffes (photos here), Brown points out that they represent different subspecies (there are nine subspecies of giraffes) – the Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) is found in Uganda, Kenya, eastern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, while the Angolan giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis) roams northern Namibia, southwestern Zambia, Botswana, and western Zimbabwe. While normally reaching 18.7 ft. (5.7 m) in height, Uganda’s “Gimli” (named for the dwarf in the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy – did you really need to be told?) is only 9-foot-4-inches (2.8 m), while Namibia’s Nigel is only 8-1/2 feet tall (2.6). As The New York Times reports, the giraffes have seemingly normal necks but extremely short legs, making them look like normal giraffe bodies on horse legs.

“It’s easy to imagine how this might make them more susceptible to predation since they lack the ability to effectively run and kick, which are two of the giraffe’s most effective anti-predator tactics. Additionally, given the mechanics of giraffe mating, I’d speculate that for both of these giraffes, mating would be physically challenging.”

Cute but not exactly conducive to survival in the wild or creating future generations of Gimli and Nigel juniors, says Dr. Brown. For one thing, since they’re both males, they would have to attempt to mate with females nearly double their height – a feat that would get millions of views on YouTube but not much, if any, success. Besides, giraffes in general aren’t exactly doing well as a species and even the fittest, tallest and fastest are still having a tough time outrunning their biggest enemy – humans.

A look at how big normal giraffes really are.

“Although seldomly observed in wild animals, cases of skeletal dysplasia in captive animals have been associated with inbreeding and a lack of genetic diversity.”

Brown and his colleagues could not determine the cause of Gimli’s and Nigel’s dwarfism, so they’ve been trying to monitor them to look for clues. That has proven to be difficult – it’s tough to track little giraffes. While Nigel was seen in July 2020, Gimli has been missing since March 2017. Brown hopes that both giraffes will show up again soon so he can “get some interesting stories and neat little wrinkles about how animals that have these types of conditions cope with changing environments.”

Let’s hope they’re not just coping but thriving and that it’s not our environment itself that caused their skeletal dysplasia.

{  https://mysteriousuniverse.org/  }

Denise Stoner is a well-respected UFO researcher and someone who has been very generous in sharing with me her UFO experiences (and those of her family too). Many of those accounts concern both Men in Black and Women in Black. Denise told me a particularly creepy story from June 2018, that involved her husband. There’s a good reason why I mention this: it ties in with other, similar cases I have on file. Denise emailed me the following: “My husband’s run-in with a possible WIB was a few days ago when he decided he would take a bike ride around a lake he travels around on a regular basis and knows it well. If he is feeling pretty energetic, he begins near a pool and park complex, rides the trail nearby and then turns into an area that has a Vet memorial then on around the lake that used to be part of the Navy Base – now new housing. When he entered the path, there was a woman jogging with one of those jogging strollers but the top was down so he could not see a baby inside.”

Denise continued: “This woman had sunglasses on that wrapped around her head and looked way too large for her head. She was thin and about 6 ft. tall. She smiled at my husband as he passed on his bike. As he reached about the halfway point, there she was, in front of him. So, he thought she might have come around the other way, which made sense; but then he realized she had been behind him, pulled in front and did a U-turn so he would notice her. She smiled at him once again, which he felt was really odd and the smile was not normal. She was very thin and pale skinned. He still did not feel uncomfortable because not much scares him. He just thought she was a weird person.”

And, finally, from Denise: “He has figured out that she would have to be running at 26 mph in order to catch up to him [who was] doing 12 mph on his bike. He felt an odd sense of concern. He did not stop but slowed down to about 6 mph I believe. As he approached her, she dropped her sunglasses to show him huge black eyes that we at least 4X human size and they wrapped around the side of her head. She grinned again and this time he noticed she did not have a real nose; plus her mouth was long and thin with no teeth – only a dark gap. She stared hard at him; the hair on his arms stood up as he continued on. Once he reached the exit, he thought of turning back to see where she had gone if anywhere, looked back as he made the turn and could not see her at all. He still felt afraid.”

You’ll see that I placed the following words in italics: “he noticed she did not have a real nose” and “no teeth.” There’s a reason why I mention that. As totally bizarre as it sounds, this is not the first time I have heard stories of Men in Black and Women in Black with missing body parts. One story comes from Springfield, Ohio and dates from October 1973. The witness was a woman who had two black helicopters hover over her home, late at night, after encountering a bright, large ball of light briefly land on her property. The next morning there was a knock on the door. You guessed it: it was a Man in Black. The man nodded in the direction of a military  ID card pinned on his jacket and claimed to have come from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. He clearly did not come from the facility. The woman – Janet K – told me she reached out and shook the man’s black-gloved right hand, something that surprised the strange character and shocked her to the core. The reason why Janet was so shocked? She said that it was as if the glove was completely empty. It appeared to be affixed to the sleeve of the MIB’s jacket, yet there was clearly nothing inside the glove. It’s hardly surprising that Janet slammed the door and called her husband. He raced home, only to find the MIB gone.

I have another story for you, this one from New York, and from a woman who is a long-time alien abductee and who was visited by a pale-looking Man in Black in July of 1982. The woman had had an abduction experience the night before. And the following day there was one of those dark-suited creeps demanding to speak with her. She didn’t let him in – mainly because of the MIB’s appearance: his lips were “not formed” said the woman. I asked her what she meant by that and she said it was as if the lips had been burned or “melted away.” Abnormally-small ears, and even a complete lack of ears, have been reported too. A total lack of eyelashes and eyebrows are not uncommon. And I have one case of a Woman in Black who had not a single nail on any of her fingers or thumbs. Just rubbery, fleshy skin. And people think the M.I.B. and the W.I.B. are government agents? Not a chance!

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

The world of ufology sometimes seems to be littered with various insiders and whistleblowers stepping forth out of the shadows to bring forward amazing and sensational inside information. Such stories are a dime a dozen in the field, and often pose as a minefield of bold claims and often contradictory information that sometimes leave us even more lost than we already were. Many of these claimed informants come to us with solid reputations and backgrounds, making it even harder to parse out what is really going on. One of these must certainly be an ex-Army officer, who claims to have been heavily involved with reverse engineering alien tech in the wake of the Roswell UFO crash, and who claims that the aliens that people from all around the world have reported seeing aren’t what they seem to be.

The history and credentials of Philip James Corso don’t read like those of a lunatic or quack. After joining the U.S. Army in 1942, he served as an intelligence officer in Europe before going on to become chief of the US Counter Intelligence Corps in Rome, and through all of this he carved out a reputation as a bit of a war hero when he arranged for the safe passage of 10,000 Jewish World War II refugees out of Rome to the British Mandate of Palestine, and he was also made the personal emissary to Giovanni Battista Montini at the Vatican. In later years he served in the Korean War as well, acting as Chief of the Special Projects branch of the Intelligence Division, Far East Command, keeping track of POW camps in North Korea, and he would go on to serve on the staff of President Eisenhower’s National Security Council from 1953 to 1957, before in 1961 becoming the Chief of the Pentagon’s Foreign Technology desk in Army Research and Development. Pretty impressive credentials, indeed, but he would also go on to become firmly entrenched in the field of ufology, and make some rather spectacular claims that have remained controversial and which threaten to overshadow his eminent military accomplishments.

Philip James Corso

In the 1990s, Corso suddenly became intensely interested in the UFO phenomena, and in 1997 published a book called The Day After Roswell, in which he chronicles his involvement in dealing with extraterrestrial technology recovered from the infamous UFO crash at Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. In the bestselling book, he would claim that Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, the first director of Central Intelligence, had put together a top-secret group tasked with studying retrieved alien technology for the purpose of reverse engineering it for corporate use, which he claims led to such remarkable innovations as fiber optics, lasers, transistors, night vision devices, integrated circuit chips, and Kevlar material, all gleaned from alien tech. Other claims he made were that the “Star Wars” Strategic Defense Initiative was not only to engage incoming enemy warheads, but also to fight off hostile alien spacecraft, that the government was hiding the truth about UFOs and aliens in order to profit from it in the lucrative tech-sector, and also that the alien bodies of the “Grey” aliens that were found at Roswell, also called “Zeta Reticulans,” were not biological entities at all, but rather “Bio robots.” Wait, what?

Corso would go in to some detail about how alien bodies actually had been recovered from the Roswell crash, but that an examination of them showed that they did not seem to be actual biological lifeforms at all, but rather engineered “bio machines” that were created by their alien masters for the purpose of carrying out the arduous long-distance missions to other worlds, sort of like very elaborate and sophisticated drones. He cited several pieces of supposed evidence that supported this claim, such as that the aliens had devices implanted within them to allow them to directly connect to their spacecraft, and that they had no normal internal organs and a complete lack of any digestive system, among others. He would elaborate:

Perhaps we should consider these UBOs (extraterrestrial biological objects), as indicated in autopsy reports, as humanoid robots, and not as life forms specifically designed for traveling long distances in space and time. Although doctors could not understand how their body works in terms of chemistry, they found that it did not contain any basic elements unknown to people. Of particular interest was the liquid that served in their place of blood. In these biological objects, the circulatory and lymphatic systems were combined. If there was any kind of nutrient exchange in these systems, then it could only occur through the skin or some external protective coating that they wore, because they did not have a digestive system or a way through which the remnants of food leave the body.

Corso claimed that all aliens that had been encountered by abductees had likely actually been these bio-robots, and that the real alien overseers had never directly been to Earth at all. It was one of the more eyebrow-raising of his claims among many, and the book made a lot of waves at the time. Corso was invited to talk on the paranormal talk programs Dreamland and Coast to Coast, where he talked with the legendary Art Bell about his strange experiences and shed a little more light on it all. Of course, there were detractors as well, with The Guardian including the book in its list of “Top Ten literary hoaxes” in 2001. The book has generated some debate and doubt even within the ufology field, with many dismissing it as half-fiction at best, but it has also served to generate discussion on Roswell and government cover-ups, further fueled when Corso himself suddenly died of a heart attack on July 16, 1998, less than a year after his book was published. Coincidence or government silencing campaign? Who knows?

We are left to ask, is any of this true? There is very little to verify or independently corroborate any of it, leaving us with quite the amazing story with no way to prove it true or false. What we do know is that Corso has impeccable credentials, so it would seem odd for him to just make it all up. Is that what is going on here? There is no way for us to know, the book has been seen as extremely controversial even within the UFO field, and whether any of it is true or not, it is still a damn strange, wild ride at the very least.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ )

Long cigar shaped UFO leaving San Nicolás de Los Ranchos volcano in México 28-Dec-2020

Another great footage of a UFO activity near volcanoes in Mexico. This one was filmed near San Nicolás de Los Ranchos in southeastern Mexico on 28th December 2020.

Note peter2011:

• for me this is clearly a condensation trail of an airplane that flies by high and happens to be (?) Just then filmed. What do you think about it? Let me know ...

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

UFO expert says ‘clock is ticking’ on possible seismic revelations

Josh Layton

Nick Pope believes 2021 could be a highly significant year for UFO research with moves towards disclosure driven by the US

(picture: Nick Pope/file images)

A British UFO expert has said ‘the clock is ticking’ on new disclosures about the phenomenon that could have worldwide significance.

Nick Pope claimed that a task force set up by the US Government to examine the evidence has already shared some interim findings with its British counterparts.

Mr Pope, who ran the Government’s now-defunct UFO desk, has been following intriguing developments that he believes may lead to seismic revelations this year.

He said sources have told him that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is looking into sightings despite its official position that it has no interest in UFOs.

Mr Pope spoke as the Senate Intelligence Committee waits for a detailed report on the phenomenon from the Director of National Intelligence at the Department of Defense, which is due this summer.

In March last year, the Pentagon piqued global interest in UFOs by releasing three declassified videos showing what it described as ‘unexplained aerial phenomena’.

Astonished navy fighter pilots filmed objects apparently moving at angles and speeds far outstripping any man-made craft. Curiously, the Pentagon released the videos without having any obligation to do so.

The trickle of clues has also included pictures of the secretive Area 51 military base, reported on by Metro.co.uk on Thursday, showing a strange triangular shape inside a hanger.

Nick Pope says a forthcoming US report on unexplained aerial phenomena is part of wider moves that may lead to significant revelations about UFOs

(Picture: Nick Pope)

Mr Pope said: There’s a momentum building up and there’s no smoke without fire.

‘The clock is now ticking on the Senate Intelligence Committee’s demand for a report on the UFO phenomenon from the Director of National Intelligence.

‘A response is due within 180 days of the enactment of the Covid-19 relief bill, because this bill contained the Intelligence Authorization Act, where the UFO requirement was articulated.

‘But the US Department of Defense has known since June of the committee’s request, and the US Navy’s Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) Task Force is probably already working on drafting the response, so we may get it sooner than the late June deadline.This report, important though it may be, is only one part of a wider process.

‘There’s a lot going on and we’re going to see some big UFO stories in 2021.’

The former MoD official, now an author and commentator on the unexplained, believes that British officials have already had some foresight on the US research.

Mr Pope said: ‘I’m aware that the UAP Task Force has shared some interim findings with the UK and other allies, but I don’t know if the MoD has formally engaged with the US on this, or has simply noted the findings.

‘Officially, the position of the MoD is that they’re no longer interested, and haven’t been since UFO investigations were terminated at the end of 2009.

‘However, I understand from reliable and well-placed sources that this isn’t entirely correct, and that sightings are still being looked at, in the margins of other defence business, with terms like “UFO” being scrupulously avoided, to try to avoid creating Freedom of Information Act liability.

‘In relation to how the military investigates UFOs, radar data is important, but so is measurement and signature analysis.

‘This is a key part of the arsenal when it comes to military UFO research, but it’s a term unfamiliar to most of the UFO community.

In the future, spaced-based sensor systems currently in development, such as the Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor, may have a big role to play. Technology will be the key to solving the UFO mystery.’

An unclassified photo said to have been widely distributed in the US Intelligence Community purportedly showing unidentified aerial phenomena

(Picture UAPTF)

Former Israeli space security chief Haim Eshed also heightened interest in the unexplained last month after claiming that aliens have made contact with humankind, with Donald Trump being aware but under instructions to keep it secret in order to prevent panic.

While there is no evidence to back up his claims, it demonstrated that no one country has command of the narrative.

‘The UFO phenomenon is global, so no single nation has a monopoly on any of this,’ Mr Pope said.

‘We know very little, for example, about what Russia and China know and think about the issue, or what their policy is with regard to the phenomenon.

‘And for all we know, another nation may have a key piece of the puzzle, and may suddenly and unexpectedly make a move.

‘Many people think the UN should take a coordinating role here.

The pentagon declassified and officially released three UFO videos last year posing the question of what else might be revealed

(Picture: US Department of Defence)

‘Last time I had a discussion with a senior UN official on this issue – admittedly 10 years ago now – they didn’t want such a role, but I think this might be something to watch in 2021.

‘I plan to keep track of all this because I believe people have a right to know.’

The MoD’s UFO desk was closed on the grounds that it served no defence purpose and was taking staff away from more valuable activities.

It was judged an inappropriate use of defence resources that had no benefit to the national security interest.

A spokesperson said: ‘Since 2009 the MoD no longer responds to reported UFO sightings, or investigates them as in over 50 years, no UFO report has revealed any evidence of a potential threat to the United Kingdom.’

{ https://metro.co.uk/ }

The UFO 'Crash' Scenario: Time for a Rethink?

peterxdunn

I believe, with an unshakable conviction, in the reality of visitation. My belief is unwavering and incontestable because it is, primarily, based upon personal experience. I have: on two occasions, been witness to phenomena that can only be explained by acknowledging the presence of an alien intelligence. So I know, for sure, that we are not alone.

Such belief should not, however, be a cause for anyone to suspend their critical faculties and blindly accept all the evidence that is placed before them. Question everything. Accept nothing at face value. And strive to remain sceptical as you seek the truth.

Being a believer whilst – at the same time – maintaining a hypercritical outlook on all things UFO can, of course, cause problems for anyone that adopts this hard-line viewpoint. Those that reject the populist view: that refuse to accept the sanctity of someone else's sacred cows, are never going to be popular themselves. In extreme cases they might become isolated or even vilified and shunned by the wider community. But then truth can be a hard task master. Such is life.

So I do believe; but I do not believe everything. And nor should you.

For instance, I have a problem believing that an alien craft: along with its crew, belonging to a civilization that is – perhaps - millions of years more technologically advanced than we are, can cross the vast expanses of interstellar space only to arrive here and crash in the desert. How would this happen? What strange sequence of events could lead to this unlikely outcome? After all, we could – with our current level of technology – equip cars with scanning laser systems that would prevent them from colliding with the car in front. Yet these guys – travelling in a craft capable of circumventing Einstein's speed-of-light cosmological constant - couldn't avoid hitting an object the size of a planet? Further to this we know that the occupants of UFOs are monitoring our military hardware. This includes our jet aircraft that are equipped with ejector seats, flown by pilots kitted out with parachutes. Now, are we to believe that ETs haven't the knowledge or foresight to equip their own craft with equivalent escape systems? Come on! And when you think about it, doesn't categorizing such an extraordinary incident as a 'crash', seem a bit overly simplistic? Surely there is more to this phenomenon than that. Moreover, shouldn't we – at the very least – cast our speculative nets a bit wider to draw in other possible explanations for these highly suspect scenarios?

No, I'm afraid that – if simply describing this type of incident as a crash, and leaving it there, is the best that we can do – then we cannot be taking a close enough look at the complex reality of visitation. We have to be missing something.

So let us now explore another possibility and look at these events again; but this time from a starting point that I am going to propose. This starting point is entirely logical. I am going to suggest, to you, that all of these events were/are being deliberately staged. For it is when we begin to examine the, 'By whom?' and, 'For what reason?' aspects of my proposed scenario that this line of inquiry starts to get interesting.

To start we need to ask: who has the necessary resources required to falsify a crash event? There are really only two possible candidates that fit the bill here. And the intriguing thing about both of these is that – because this isn't a mutually exclusive, either or situation – both of them could be equally guilty. Our first candidate has to be, for obvious reasons, our own governments. And our second has to be – for reasons that will be made clear – none other than the Extraterrestrial himself.

Interested? Then please read on.

What we need – at this point – is to reference an actual incident: where deception might well have been involved, with which test the 'staged theory'. So why not go for broke here and throw the most celebrated crash incident of all time: Roswell, New Mexico, circa 1947, into the mix.

This incident was guaranteed to pass into UFO folklore from the outset, due to the fact that it was originally announced to the world by a United States Army Air Force press officer: Walter Haut, of the 509th Bomb Group. However, Haut's initial claim – that personnel from the 509th had recovered a 'flying disk' from a crash site near Roswell – would be retracted the very next day: July 9, 1947, by Roger M. Ramey, Commanding General of the Eighth Air Force. Official sources then mounted what appeared to be a damage limitation exercise; or, as some would have it, a cover-up. Press releases: issued by the military, now described the debris field found at the scene to be the result of a downed weather balloon breaking up as it hit the ground. These statements were backed-up by photographs showing fragments of aluminized material from just such a balloon (or something very similar), being shown to reporters by Major Jesse Marcel - an air force intelligence officer. Marcel had actually visited the crash site accompanied by Lt Col Sheridan Cavitt: head of counter intelligence at Roswell Army Air Field. Now why two relatively high ranking intelligence officers – with no technical personnel in attendance - should be part of the initial military response to the incident has never been made clear. Although this would make sense if the entire event was a staged disinformation operation concocted by American military intelligence.

So what then, are we looking at here? A crashed balloon or UFO? Or something else entirely?

The best evidence we have: that whatever had occurred at Roswell, wasn't the result of a UFO or weather balloon disintegrating after smashing into the ground, comes in the form of statements made by Mac Brazel. Brazel was the ranch operator who had originally discovered the debris field at the centre of the controversy. What follows is an extract from a report: featuring an interview with him, carried by the Roswell Daily Chronicle of 9 July 1947.

'Brazel said that he had previously found two weather balloons on the ranch, but that what he found this time did not in any way resemble either of these.'

Here are two more extracts: from the same report, in which our witness describes the crash scene.

(Brazel found): '...a large area of bright wreckage made up on rubber strips, tinfoil, a rather tough paper and sticks.'

(And what he didn't find): 'There was no sign of any metal in the area which might have been used for an engine and no sign of any propellers of any kind, although at least one paper fin had been glued onto some of the tinfoil.'

Now none of the materials mentioned above could possibly have belonged to a violently de-constructed spacecraft. And it is also highly unlikely: given Brazel's statement, that they were fragmented debris from a crashed weather balloon.

Furthermore, and perhaps more pertinently: why did Mac Brazel – himself – think that the material could have come from a crashed flying disk? For this is how he described his find to Sheriff George Wilcox on Monday 7 July: who had, in turn, passed the information to Major Marcel.

Mac Brazel's assessment of his discovery was, no doubt, influenced by a story that was circulating on the local grapevine in the Roswell area at the time. The story: which reads like a classic UFO sighting, was eventually reported by The Roswell Daily Record on July 8 (the day Haut dropped his bombshell).

'Mr. and Mrs. Dan Wilmot apparently were the only persons in Roswell who saw what they thought was a flying disk.

They were sitting on their porch...last Wednesday night (2 July: author) at about ten o'clock when a large glowing object zoomed out of the sky from the south-east, going in a north-westerly direction at a high rate of speed.'

The Wilmots owned a hardware store in the town and it would be reasonable to assume that Brazel knew them and so would have heard their story before it appeared in the local paper on the 8th.

There had also been other reports of people seeing 'flying discs' in the national newspapers. These included the seminally famous Kenneth Arnold sighting – which first gave us the term 'flying saucer' – which made the front-page of the Chicago Daily Tribune on 26 June 1947.

But is this all there was to suggest: to Brazel, that the debris he had found was the remnants of a shattered disk? Would he have reported his find in this manner: to an officer of the law, on the strength of a local rumour or reports in the press that he may or may not have read? I strongly suspect that there was something else that he found at the scene that suggested circularity. Maybe it was the overall distribution of the debris. Or perhaps there were hooped shaped components present that indicated a circular configuration. So what are we looking at here?

I'm going to hazard a guess. All of the different materials described by Brazel have one thing in common: they all weigh very little. So lets indulge in some backward engineering. Why lightweight materials? Wouldn't this indicate a pretty flimsy airframe? There is really only one conclusion that makes any sense here. We have to be looking at something that was designed and constructed to be lighter-than-air. We can – in fact - only be looking at a miniature, rigid airship: that would normally be filled with helium or hydrogen gas, configured to look like a flying saucer.

So now we need to examine how such a device would be used in practice. But - first of all – it would be prudent to establish the criteria used to determine where the fake flying saucers were to be deployed. Lets go with the obvious here: the most obvious being those areas where UFO activity had already been reported. Another consideration would have to population density in the target area. There has to be an audience (witnesses) present; but having too many people around that could stumble across the deployment process: IE see our flying saucer being off loaded by soldiers from the back of a truck, would not be desirable.

Next the method: the actual mechanics of deployment. The first problem to be overcome is getting the mock-up spacecraft to the actual site where it will be used to generate a 'UFO event'. I imagine the whole charade would have panned-out in the following fashion. The incident would start with a convoy of trucks leaving an army/air force base. The trucks would be carrying the pseudo spacecraft and enough soldiers to man a perimeter around the launch site and prevent members of the public intruding into the operational area. Upon reaching the carefully chosen location: a site hidden from direct view on the outskirts of a small, rural community, the saucer would be launched from the back of one of the trucks. This wouldn't be a complicated procedure. All that would be required was to remove the tarpaulin covering the truck's top secret cargo, and unfasten whatever was securing the lighter-than-air mock-up to the truck bed. Next a thin cable would be attached so that the flying saucer could be winched back down after it had been allowed to rise up into the air. Whilst airborne the saucer would, of course, be visible over quite a distance. This basic procedure could then be embellished with flashing lights, pyrotechnics and strange noises blasted out over a mobile sound system. Also, to top things off – and ensure that news of the event would spread far and wide – it would be a simple matter to plant stories in the press that described how the 'flying disk' zoomed across the sky and executed aerobatic manoeuvres that our aircraft couldn't possibly perform.

It wouldn't hurt, either, for the military to be seen in the area and connected in some way: in the minds of the local population, with the UFO event itself. In fact, a strange, oddly shaped object draped with a tarpaulin, spotted on the back of an army truck leaving the scene would now become: in the eye's of onlookers, a captured/recovered flying disk. Which is of course, exactly what they have been encouraged – by deception - to believe. Mission accomplished.

So much for the 'how' of our staged event. We now need to understand the 'why'.

Most people: who accept the reality of UFOs, believe that our government's reluctance to come clean on the issue stems from a desire to protect us from knowledge that we couldn't handle - that would unhinge our childlike, unsophisticated minds - and lead to mass panic that would bring civilization crashing down.

Well, actually, this isn't the case.

We are ruled through fear. Our governments carry a big stick and they are not averse to using it. If you doubt this, try stepping out of line and see what happens. However, what our governments don't want us to realize, is that it is they who are terrified by the presence of the Extraterrestrial. Why? Because ET carries a much bigger – and far more technologically advanced - stick than they do. UFOs and their occupants go wherever they want, whenever they want, and there is nothing that our governments can do about it.

Our governments cannot control ET. They hold no power over the Extraterrestrial. But there is one thing that they can control. This is the way in which we perceive the aliens and the way in which our governments appear to interact with them.

What we have here is a subtly layered response to a complex phenomenon. At the primary level our governments are telling us that UFOs do not exist. In support of this argument they use their connections in the media to discredit UFO researchers and label them as crackpots and conspiracy theorists. This suffices for most. But what about those of us that have actually witnessed something a little out of the ordinary? How are the-powers-that-be going to convince us that they still carry the biggest stick in town? You should already know the answer to this question. They are going to attempt to convince us that – yes – they can deal with the Alien. Have they not, already, acquired alien technology by capturing and back engineering a UFO? Then there are those alien corpses: laid out on an operating table and dissected. Maybe those little grey guys aren't so tough after all.

Put simply, what they are saying here goes: 'Regardless of what you may or may not believe, we are still in control. So do what you are instructed to do or else.'

This original fiction: typified by the 'Roswell incident', was further elaborated upon in the decades following 1947. We are now, for instance, expected to believe in the existence of underground bases where aliens and our own military plot against us as they pursue a shared agenda to enslave – or maybe hybridize - the human race. Really? I'm quaking in my boots. With laughter.

Consider this. We have very credible evidence: in the form of witness testimony, that aliens have interfered with our nuclear weapons technology. I would cite Robert Salas' statement, delivered at the Disclosure Project in 2001: which has been conclusively corroborated by other witnesses, in support of this view. Now if extraterrestrials were actively colluding with elements from within the military establishment, why would they then go on to compromise our nuclear weapons? The contradiction here is patently obvious. Either the bases exist and the interference never happened. Or the interference happened and the bases are a fiction. Now we need to decide which of these is true. OK. It wouldn't be difficult to understand why our military would want to form an alliance with a race that possesses technologies far in advance of our own. But can we say the same about ET? Why would he need to form an unnecessary alliance with a technologically inferior race? No, these bases only exist in the imaginations of the military intelligence strategists that invented this fiction, and the 'believe-anything' conspiracy theorists that they have managed, so successfully, to deceive.

The whole UFO thing did not, of course, begin with the Roswell incident in 1947. Indeed the need for some kind of disinformation campaign to be undertaken: to take control of the psychological impact of the UFO phenomenon on the general population, was probably first identified during the later stages of World War Two. Throughout the war thousands of airmen experienced encounters with the legendary foo fighters. Then - upon returning to civilian life - these men, in all probability, took great delight in recounting these experiences to their families and friends. Everyone loves a mystery after all.

Let us not forget, either, that this period also saw the dawn of the atomic age with the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos in New Mexico. Now the development of nuclear weapons was - without doubt - of enormous interest to our visitors and so would have led to a further increase in genuine UFO activity.

All of this meant that public awareness: that there was something-going-on-out-there about which they were not being informed, was rapidly growing. Something needed to be done. Allowing the populace to arrive at their own conclusions; which might then have developed into a general consensus, was never an option. Our governments needed to control what people were thinking in this situation just as they try and control what people think in all situations. If the idea: that our governments were powerless to influence the course of UFO related events, should take hold of the popular imagination; then the world's power structures – which depend upon controlling how we see our world – might well have begun to collapse.

There is a lot more at stake here than you might think.

It should be understood: by every adult on the face of the planet, that the ability to mould people's perceptions – the way in which they see and understand their world - is the very essence of power. We are all controlled by belief systems and prefabricated mindsets: filters that de-focus and distort reality, that are installed inside our heads when we are young and continuously up-dated and reinforced as we grow older.

Should the day come – when our skies are full of craft from other star systems; craft that we have been told do not exist – then all of the manufactured preconceptions, all of the distortions and lies will be seen for what they are. People will awaken from a dream that has clouded their judgement since childhood: since the dawn of civilization. They will suddenly understand the depth and breadth of the deception that has been perpetrated against them. They will no longer listen to politicians and priests. They will listen to what the Visitor has to say instead.

And so we now come to our second set of culprits guilty of perpetrating deception against us. With these folks, however, the motives behind their crimes are almost laudable when compared with those of our representatives in government.

As I have already stated, our governments have always sought to influence the way in which we see our world. To this end they have saturated our experience of life with a distorted vision of myth, magic, re-written history and religion. The Alien, on the other hand, seeks to understand our perception of our world. He wants to know whether or not we are capable of seeing the world as it truly is. He also wants to know whether or not we are capable of accepting a world - a reality – in which he is included. Basically, he wants to know whether or not he can be our friend.

This is why he has, on occasion, crashed something that looks a lot like a flying saucer into the desert. I've no doubt – whatsoever - that these crash scenarios were not staged using actual spacecraft. ET has, after all, witnessed what we do to each other with the technology that we already possess. He has seen our wars; he has witnessed the horror. So he is hardly likely to entrust to us technology that will allow us to become more proficient at doing what we do best: destroy ourselves along with our environment. No, the UFOs found at the Extraterrestrial's crash sites are no more capable of actual space flight than the shattered miniature airship found at Roswell.

Another feature of crash events - staged by the Alien - is the presence of some form of biological material or construct: some semblance of life, amidst the wreckage. I do not think, however, that we are looking at actual aliens here. It is more likely that these 'entities' were manufactured for the event: as part of the experiment. This does, of course, beg the question: who or what is being tested by this bizarre procedure? Logic tells us that we are the subject of this experiment. So we are being tested: along with our humanity. Our reactions to the presence of alien life are being closely monitored in this situation. We call ourselves human, but are we truly humane: do we respect the sanctity of life in all its myriad forms?

This is what the Alien wants to know.

Staging UFO crash events: and then monitoring our reactions, is one way in which the Extraterrestrial has tried to ascertain if we are ready to take things to the next level. These folks are seeking to psychoanalyse the collective mind of the human race before embarking on a course of action that will have an unparalleled impact on the future of mankind. That course of action being – the long anticipated – first contact.

Well, are you ready for what comes next?

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://cognizantnationhq.weebly.com/ }

Creepy Diamond UFO Over Bogota, Colombia On Dec 31, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Dec 31, 2020
Location of sighting: Bogota, Colombia

 

The eyewitness noticed a dark diamond shaped UFO in the sky over his neighborhood last week. The UFO was seen hovering in place and remained there for a while, but when the eyewitness returned to the location it was nowhere to be seen. The bottom of the UFO looks almost round with a diamond skirt around its middle. This is a real UFO. This is what they look like close up  and this is 100% proof that they are in the skies watching how humans deal with this worldwide pandemic. Humanities stress levels have never been higher than right now. Even democracies across the globe have had to impose Marxist-like rules governing lockdowns and control over the public in order to stop this horrible virus attacking the world. Change is hard, but loosing freedom is harder. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFO Exit Volcano Popocatépetl Dec 28, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Dec 28, 2020

Location of sighting: Popocatepetl, Mexico

 

Watch this recent video from last week of a UFO shooting out of a volcano near Mexico City on Dec 28, 2020. It was caught on live cam and this UFO is huge. Its coming from the right side of the volcano. I have seen UFOs come from the left side and even land on the left side before flying away, but this is the first time I have seen one on the left side shooting out. It did not come from the mouth of the volcano, but instead from a volcano duct on the side. Volcanos have many such tunnels and this volcano is very active, making new exit tunnels every month. How much more evidence is necessary to prove that an alien base sits below this volcano? 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Note peter2011:

• is that possibly not the emission of an airplane, which condenses and was accidentally filmed, just as if it came from the volcano?

{https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

On December 6, 2020 the live webcamdemexico monitoring the Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico captured in a short time two cigar-shaped UFOs entering the crater of the volcano. 

A UFO apparently descends into the crater, four minutes later, a second UFO follows the first one disappearing into the crater of the volcano too. 

This volcano has been a UFO hotspot for years with hundreds of reports of UFOs flying over as well as entering and exiting the crater and so far, there is no explanation for all these strange activities around the Popocatépetl Volcano.

  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Astronaut Tim Peake’s “UFO Sighting” in Space 🛸

Four mysterious lights threw the first Brit in space for a loop! All-new episodes of ‘The Graham Norton Show’ premiere Fridays at 11/10c on BBC America.

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Police and FAA notified after giant blue UFO was seen dropping into the ocean

In Honolulu, Hawaii, a UFO spotted in the dark sky over Leeward Oahu prompted witnesses to dial 911. The sighting took place at about 8:30 p.m.

Multiple videos of the sighting were shared online, showing what looks like a glowing, oblong object.

According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials, there were no aircraft activities or accidents in the area at the time. However, multiple witnesses reported observing a huge blue object fall out of the sky and into the ocean.

In one of the clips uploaded online, a woman can be heard in the background trying to figure out what she saw in the sky.

Misitina Sape captured the image at 8:26 p.m. near Haleakala Avenue in Nanakuli.

Shortly after, a lady named Moriah saw what appeared to be a similar object passing over Princess Kahanu Estates. The 38-year-old says she’s never been a believer in UFOs, but the UFO sighting experience intrigued her. She says the object was going so fast.

The UFO’s journey ended less than three miles from where it was initially spotted. Moriah says she and her husband were on Farrington Highway in front of the Board of Water Supply building when they observed the object dropping into the ocean.

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She described it as being bigger than a telephone pole and says she never heard a sound from it. They called 911 to have somebody check out the object.

Moriah spotted a second light while officers were on the scene. She and her husband observed a white object but smaller coming in the same direction as the blue one.

The object went out of their sight when it passed over a nearby mountain.

Honolulu police investigators didn’t have any information when asked if they figured out what fell in the ocean.

Meanwhile, FAA spokesperson Ian Gregor said police told them about the incident on Tuesday night but had no aircraft disappear off radars and no reports of overdue or missing plane.

After a couple of days, Moriah is still baffled by what she saw.

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What Are UFOs? Terrestrial, Extraterrestrial & Metaterrestrial Theories

If there’s one thing we learn from studying UFOs, there is no simple answer to what it’s all about. Most of the public – and even many Ufologists – tend to lump together all UFO incidents into a single phenomenon. But the evidence indicates there is no single explanation for all the material categorised under “UFO experience.”

According to author and researcher John White, we are actually looking at a multilevelled phenomenon – terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial – and each is qualitatively different from the others. Each has its own unique forms of UFOs, and each form has to be distinguished from the others of that level.

John White has extensive experience in the fields of consciousness research and paranormal phenomena. He has personally investigated the UFO phenomenon.

John holds degrees from Dartmouth and Yale, and is the author of 15 books. He has lectured at educational institutions and spiritual centres throughout the United States and Canada, and before public and professional organisations.

He is a contributor to a newly compiled collection of the knowledge and insight of the world’s leading experts on modern Ufology. Exposed, Uncovered, and Declassified: UFOs & Aliens reveals startling evidence of famous sightings and contact with aliens, and uncovers classified files from archives.

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CHINA IS LAUNCHING THREE MISSIONS TO CONSTRUCT ITS SPACE STATION

CMSE

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