Employees examine Artemis I mission patches to be included in the Official Flight Kit.

{ https://www.nasa.gov/ }

We found some strange radio sources in a distant galaxy cluster. They're making us rethink what we thought we knew.

We found some strange radio sources in a distant galaxy cluster. They're making us rethink what we thought we knew.

Hidden companions shape the final days of dying stars

Observations and computer models are now pointing to an explanation that would have seemed outlandish 30 years ago: Most red giants have a much smaller companion star hiding in their gravitational embrace. This second star shapes the transformation into a planetary nebula, much as a potter shapes a vessel on a potter’s wheel.

NASA’s new James Webb Space Telescope has revealed extraordinary details in the Southern Ring Nebula, a planetary nebula that lies around 2,500 light-years away in the constellation Vela. On the left, a near-infrared image shows spectacular concentric shells of gas, which chronicle the history of the dying star’s outbursts. On the right, a mid-infrared image easily distinguishes the dying star at the nebula’s center (red) from its companion star (blue). All of the gas and dust in the nebula was expelled by the red star.

NASA, ESA, CSA, AND STSCI

The dominant theory of planetary nebula formation previously involved only a single star — the red giant itself. With only a weak gravitational hold on its outer layers, it sheds mass very rapidly near the end of its life, losing as much as 1 percent per century. It also churns like a boiling pot of water underneath the surface, causing the outer layers to pulse in and out. Astronomers theorized that these pulsations produce shock waves that blast gas and dust into space, creating what’s called a stellar wind. Yet it takes a great deal of energy to expel this material completely without having it fall back into the star. It cannot be any gentle zephyr, this wind; it needs to have the strength of a rocket blast.

After the star’s outer layer has escaped, the much smaller inner layer collapses into a white dwarf. This star, which is hotter and brighter than the red giant it came from, illuminates and warms the escaped gas, until the gas starts glowing by itself — and we see a planetary nebula. The whole process is very fast by astronomical standards but slow by human standards, typically taking centuries to millennia.

Until the Hubble Space Telescope launched in 1990, “we were pretty sure we were on the right track” toward understanding the process, says Bruce Balick, an astronomer at the University of Washington. Then he and his colleague Adam Frank, of the University of Rochester in New York, were at a conference in Austria and saw Hubble’s first photos of planetary nebulae. “We went out to get coffee, saw the pictures and we knew that the game had changed,” Balick says.

Astronomers had assumed that red giants were spherically symmetrical, and a round star should produce a round planetary nebula. But that’s not what Hubble saw — not even close. “It became obvious that many planetary nebulae have exotic axisymmetric structures,” says Joel Kastner, an astronomer at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Hubble revealed fantastic lobes, wings and other structures that weren’t round but were symmetric around the nebula’s main axis, as if turned on that potter’s wheel.

In early photos from ground-based observatories, the Southern Crab Nebula appeared to have four curved “legs” like a crab. But detailed images from the Hubble Space Telescope show that these legs are the sides of two bubbles that roughly form an hourglass shape. In the center of the bubbles are two jets of gas, with “knots” that may light up when they encounter the gas between the stars. The Southern Crab, located several thousand light-years from Earth in the constellation Centaurus, appears to have had two gas-releasing events. One around 5,500 years ago created the outer “hourglass,” and a similar event 2,300 years ago created the inner, much smaller one.

ADAPTED FROM NASA, ESA, AND A. FEILD (STSCI)

A 2002 article by Balick and Frank in the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics captured the debate at the time over the origin of these structures. Some scientists proposed that the axial symmetry stemmed from how the red giant star rotated or how its magnetic fields behaved, but both ideas failed some fundamental tests. Both rotation and magnetic fields should get weaker as the star grows larger, yet the mass-loss rate of red giants accelerates at the end of their lifetimes.

The other option was that most planetary nebulae are formed not by one star, but by a pair of stars — what Orsola De Marco, an astronomer at Macquarie University in Sydney, named the “binary hypothesis.” In this scenario, the second star is much smaller and thousands of times fainter than the red giant, and it might be as far away as Jupiter is from the Sun. That would allow it to disrupt the red giant while being distant enough to not be swallowed up. (Other possibilities also exist, such as a dive-bombing orbit in which the second star would approach the red giant every few hundred years, peeling off layers from it.)

The binary hypothesis accounts very well for the first stage of metamorphosis of a dying star. As the companion pulls dust and gases away from the primary star, they do not immediately get sucked into the companion, but form a swirling disk of material known as an accretion disk in the orbital plane of the companion. That accretion disk is the potter’s wheel. If the disk has a magnetic field, it will propel any charged gases out of the plane of the disk and toward the axis of rotation. But even without a magnetic field, the material in the disk impedes the outward flow of gases in the orbital plane, so the gas will take on a bilobed structure, with faster flow toward the poles. And that’s just what Hubble saw in its images of planetary nebulae. “Why look for a really complicated explanation when a companion star explains it really well?” says De Marco.

Left: The Twin Jet Nebula, 2,400 light-years from Earth in the constellation Ophiuchus, shows off an hourglass shape, with two jets of rapidly moving gas streaming poleward. The gas was probably ejected by the central star about 1,200 years ago. Right: The Cat’s Eye Nebula, 3,300 light-years from Earth in the constellation Draco, exhibits 11 concentric rings of dust, which astronomers estimate were released at 1,500-year intervals. The process by which the complicated inner structure formed is still anybody’s guess. “The Cat’s Eye is weird. I don’t know if I can explain it,” says astronomer Adam Frank of the University of Rochester.

ESA / HUBBLE & NASA, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: JUDY SCHMIDT (LEFT); NASA, ESA, HUBBLE LEGACY ARCHIVE, CHANDRA X-RAY OBS., PROCESSING & COPYRIGHT: RUDY POHL (RIGHT)

Nevertheless, the idea of undetectable companion stars didn’t sit well with some astronomers. As recently as 2020, writes Leen Decin, an astronomer at KU Leuven in Belgium, a famous astrophysicist told her “You know, Leen, it all looks so fantastic, the observations are so fascinating, the current state-of-the-art models seem to do a pretty good job for interpreting the data, but in the end, shouldn’t we only believe what we can actually see?”

But over the last 10 to 15 years, the tide has steadily turned. New and innovative telescopes have revealed that some red giants are surrounded by spiral structures and accretion disks before they turn into planetary nebulae — just as expected if there were a second star pulling material off the red giant. In a couple of cases, astronomers may have even spotted the companion star itself.

Sparkling Orange UFO Ball over Albuquerque, NM 2022

Check out this interesting UFO sighting video filmed over Albuquerque, Mexico on 31st July 2022.

Let me know your opinion about this footage in the comments!

Witness report: 

Driving north in our car, came to intersection & stopped at stop sign. Time was twilight. Noticed a low flying orange ball of light that appeared to be *sparkling”. Light was neither ascending or descending. Seemed to be above treeline, but not as high as a helicopter or small plane. Normal aviation lights were not present. Object was traveling at a constant, slow speed. Turned north about a minute after we viewed it, then disappeared ahead of us.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Astronomers catch a super-energetic collision of dead stars

By Keith Cooper

The stellar smash produced a short gamma-ray burst that could provide important context for understanding similar blasts.

An artist’s impression of a red supergiant star in the final year of its life emitting a tumultuous cloud of gas. This suggests at least some of these stars undergo significant internal changes before going supernova.  Show less 

W.M. KECK OBSERVATORY/ADAM MAKARENKO

A distant neutron-star merger unleashed one of the most powerful short gamma-ray bursts (GRB) ever seen, according to new observations by ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile.

Neutron stars are the super-dense stellar cores left after massive stars explode, and when, say, two neutron stars collide, the result is a dramatic explosion, the light of which is referred to as a kilonova. The mergers also release gravitational waves and a brief blast of gamma-ray radiation in two tight jets shooting opposite directions into space.

On Nov. 6 2021, a short gamma-ray burst was detected by the European Space Agency's INTEGRAL X-ray and gamma-ray observatory, which sent out an instant alert that triggered NASA's Swift satellite, among others, to follow up. The burst, cataloged as GRB 211106A, lasted less than two seconds, but the afterglow from the kilonova shone for far longer as the jet of particles released by the merger excited the surrounding gas. 

"This short gamma-ray burst was the first time we tried to observe such an event with ALMA," Wen-Fai Fong, an astronomer at Northwestern University in Illinois, said in a statement. "Afterglows for short bursts are very difficult to come by, so it was spectacular to catch this shining so brightly."

Related: 

• Gamma-ray bursts might be much rarer than we thought, study suggests

An artist's impression of a neutron-star merger (on the left) that produces a relativistic jet of particles that interacts with gas in the surrounding environment, producing an afterglow.  (Image credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), M. Weiss (NRAO/AUI/NSF))

Detecting the afterglow from the merger in the millimeter-wavelength light that ALMA is tuned to gives astronomers an advantage when it comes to understanding these titanic explosions.

"Millimeter wavelengths can tell us about the density of the environment around the GRB," Genevieve Schroeder, also of Northwestern University, said in the same statement. "And, when combined with the X-rays, [the millimeter-wave light] can tell us about the true energy of the explosion."

As the GRB's jets, which move at nearly the speed of light, smash through the surrounding gas, the shockwaves accelerate electrons. The energy of the radiation from those electrons peaks at millimeter wavelengths, and therefore can tell astronomers about the total energy of the explosion.

ALMA's measurements suggest that GRB 211106A released a total energy between 2 x 10^50 ergs and 6 x 10^51 ergs, which places it among the most powerful short GRBs ever detected. (One erg is equal to 10^–7 joules; for comparison, the sun releases just 3.8 x 10^33 ergs per second.)  

An artist's depiction of two neutron stars before they collide.  (Image credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)

It's particularly impressive that GRB 211106A was so bright, relatively speaking, since the merger happened sometime between 6.3 and 9.1 billion years ago, and the galaxy in which the merger took place is now approximately 20 billion light-years from Earth due to cosmic expansion. At this distance, the gravitational waves released by the merger were too feeble to detect.

Another advantage to come from observing with ALMA is that the afterglow at millimeter wavelengths lasts longer than in, say, X-rays. This gives astronomers more time to study the GRB jet, which begins as a narrow stream, then gradually opens out, like a laser pointer that makes a larger spot on a wall than the laser's base.

Fong and Schroeder's team calculated the opening angle of the jet to be 16 degrees, which is the widest ever measured for a short GRB. This is important because we only see a GRB when the jet is pointed toward us, so the wider the jet, the higher chance we have of seeing it.

And the odds matter: Astronomers calculate the rate of neutron-star mergers in the universe based on how many short GRBs we see and estimates of their jet's opening angles. If more short GRBs have jets with wider opening angles, scientists may have overestimated how many neutron-star mergers are taking place.

The rate at which neutron stars merge isn't just an astrophysical curiosity — it has repercussions for cosmic chemistry. The conditions during neutron-star mergers are so intense that some of the universe's heaviest and most precious elements, such as gold, platinum and silver, are forged by these collisions. Indeed, scientists have estimated that a single neutron-star merger can produce between 3 and 13 Earth masses worth of gold. Hence the cosmic abundance of such elements is heavily dependent upon the rate at which neutron-star mergers take place. 

RELATED STORIES:

• Astronomers catch fizzled-out gamma-ray burst from supernova
• Weird nearby gamma-ray burst defies expectations
• 'Castaway' gamma-ray bursts come from distant early galaxies 

While the collision is an act of cosmic alchemy, enriching the surrounding region with atomic treasure, the discovery has offered astronomers a whole new arena for studying short GRBs and their afterglows. "After a decade of observing short GRBs, it is truly amazing to witness the power of using these new technologies to unwrap surprise gifts from the universe," Fong said.

A paper describing the findings is set to be published in a forthcoming issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters; a preprint version was posted on Monday (Aug. 1).

• Follow Keith Cooper on Twitter @21stCenturySETI. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.space.com/ }

Europe's troubled Mars rover still vital in the search for life on the Red Planet

Rogue planets nearly double in number with new discovery

Astronomers announced on December 22, 2021, that they’ve found somewhere between 70 and 170 rogue, or free-floating, planets; that is, planets not currently in orbit around a star. This mass of unattached planets, each approximately the size of Jupiter, lies in a region of the Milky Way known as the Upper Scorpius OB stellar association. These newly found free-floating planets nearly double the total number of rogue planets already known.

The peer-reviewed journal Nature Astronomy published the rogue planet discovery on December 22, 2021.

Location of the rogue planets

The team of astronomers used observations and archival data from telescopes around the world and in space to make their discoveries. They sifted through 80,000 wide-field images taken over 20 years. Núria Miret-Roig and Hervé Bouy at the University of Bordeaux in France took a census of all the stars, brown dwarfs and rogue planets greater than four Jupiter masses in the Upper Scorpius region.

This region of sky, the Upper Scorpius OB association, lies 420 light-years away from Earth. Amateur astronomers might be familiar with this region of sky because it contains favorite targets for astrophotographers, including the colorful region around Rho Ophiuchi plus dark nebulae such as the Pipe Nebula, Barnard 68 and the Coalsack.

A new rogue planet detection method

Previously, astronomers discovered free-floating planets with microlensing surveys. With this method, astronomers witness a brief chance alignment between a rogue planet and a background star. The drawback is that the scientists can’t make follow-up observations with these one-time microlensing events.

In the new study, scientists looked for rogue planets that were still young, within a few million years of their formation. Normally, a planet that is not near its parent star wouldn’t be visible to astronomers without a source to illuminate it. But these young planets are still hot enough to glow. So Miret-Roig and her team looked for direct images of them with sensitive cameras on large telescopes. They measured the points of light in optical and near-infrared wavelengths in the Upper Scorpius region and combined the measurements with the movement they detected. Miret-Roig said:

We measured the tiny motions, the colors and luminosities of tens of millions of sources in a large area of the sky. These measurements allowed us to securely identify the faintest objects in this region.

The origin of the rogue planets

The scientists also wonder how these rogue planets came to be. Were they ejected from a solar system like our own? Or did they form from the collapse of a gas cloud that was too small to create a star? (Which also brings up the as-yet-unanswered question, if the rogue planet doesn’t orbit a star or didn’t originally form around a star, is it still, by definition, a planet?)

If the origin of rogue planets was due to ejection from a stellar system, it suggests there could be an abundance of Earth-sized free-floating planets out there. As Miret-Roig explained:

The free-floating Jupiter-mass planets are the most difficult to eject, meaning that there might even be more free-floating Earth-mass planets wandering the galaxy.

An inexact number of free-floating planets

Sean Raymond, also of the University of Bordeaux and one of the authors on the paper, explained on Twitter why the number of planets is in a range between 70 and 170:

This star-forming region of space – the Upper Scorpius region – is from 3 to 10 million years old. If the star-forming region is younger and closer to the 3 million year age, then the objects the scientists singled out are more likely young, hot planets. If the star-forming region is older, then the candidates are also older, and their brightness comes from a larger size, not youth. In this case, some of them may therefore be brown dwarfs (failed stars).

Could rogue planets have life?

What are these rogue planets like, and would they be suitable for life? Well, for one, they might have moons. As Raymond said on Twitter:

Some ejected gas giants hold onto their moons! We can speculate that tidal heating might maintain not-too-frigid temperatures in the interiors of such moons.

Which, of course, sounds rather conducive to the existence of life. What about Earth-like planets and water, aka, life as we know it? Raymond also tweeted:

The scientists hope to answer some of their many questions in the years to come. With the new Vera C. Rubin Observatory coming online, they’ll likely find many more free-floating planets.

• Bottom line: Astronomers have nearly doubled the number of known rogue planets with a recent discovery using archive images from the Upper Scorpius region.

RELATED VIDEOS, seelcted and posted by peter2011

{ https:// sastronomy.vercel. }

Wide view of early universe hints at galaxy among earliest ever detected

by University of Texas at Austin

The team has identified one particularly exciting object—dubbed Maisie's galaxy in honor of project head Steven Finkelstein's daughter—that they estimate is being observed as it was just 290 million years after the Big Bang (astronomers refer to this as a redshift of z=14).

The finding has been published on the preprint server arXiv and is awaiting publication in a peer-reviewed journal. If the finding is confirmed, it would be one of the earliest galaxies ever observed, and its presence would indicate that galaxies started forming much earlier than many astronomers previously thought.

The unprecedentedly sharp images reveal a flurry of complex galaxies evolving over time—some elegantly mature pinwheels, others blobby toddlers, still others gauzy swirls of do-si-doing neighbors. The images, which took about 24 hours to collect, are from a patch of sky near the handle of the Big Dipper, a constellation formally named Ursa Major. This same area of sky was observed previously by the Hubble Space Telescope, as seen in the Extended Groth Strip.

"It's amazing to see a point of light from Hubble turn into a whole, beautifully shaped galaxy in these new James Webb images, and other galaxies just pop up out of nowhere," said Finkelstein, associate professor of astronomy at The University of Texas at Austin and the principal investigator for the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS), from which these images were taken.

An image taken with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope from a patch of sky near the handle of the Big Dipper. This is one of the first images obtained by the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS) collaboration.

Credit: NASA/STScI/CEERS/TACC/S. Finkelstein/G. Yang./C. Papovich/Z. Levay

The CEERS collaboration is composed of 18 co-investigators from 12 Institutions and more than 100 collaborators from the U.S. and nine other countries. CEERS researchers are studying how some of the earliest galaxies formed when the universe was less than 5% of its current age, during a period known as reionization.

Before the actual telescope data came in, Micaela Bagley, a postdoctoral researcher at UT Austin and one of the CEERS imaging leads, created simulated images to help the team develop methods for processing and analyzing the new imagery. Bagley led a group processing the real images so the data could be analyzed by the whole team.

The large image is a mosaic of 690 individual frames that took about 24 hours to collect using the telescope's main imager, called the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This new image covers an area of the sky about eight times as large as Webb's First Deep Field image, although it is not quite as deep. Researchers used supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center for the initial image processing: Stampede2 was used to remove background noise and artifacts, and Frontera, the world's most powerful supercomputer at a U.S. university, was used to stitch together the images to form a single mosaic.

"High-performance computing power made it possible to combine myriad images and hold the frames in memory at once for processing, resulting in a single beautiful image," Finkelstein said.

The other image was taken with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). Compared with NIRcam, MIRI has a smaller field of view but operates at much higher spatial resolution than previous mid-infrared telescopes. MIRI detects longer wavelengths than NIRCam, allowing astronomers to see cosmic dust glowing from star-forming galaxies and black holes at modestly large distances, and see light from older stars at very large distances.

• Explore further

  The record for the farthest galaxy was just broken again, now just 250 million years after the Big Bang

{ https://phys.org/ }

US submarines detect “very high speed ships” underwater

US Navy submarines have detected mysterious objects moving hundreds of knots underwater as the Pentagon prepares to release its report on UFO sightings.

The Navy has collected sonar data showing mysterious fast-moving underwater objects that experts or current technology cannot explain.

Tom Rogan of the Washington Examiner said the US Navy “has the data” to prove the strange encounters.

Some of these encounters could be included in the US government working group that is preparing to report back to Congress on its UFO findings next month.

Speaking with Tucker Carlson of Fox News about the new footage, Rogan said: “One area that we will learn more about in relation to this video is the interaction between Navy submarines that pick up sonar contact from things moving hundreds knots under water ”.

“There is an underwater dimension to this, in addition to what the pilots are seeing above the water.”

Mr. Carlson replied, “Hundreds of knots under water? I don’t think people can even digest that. “

Mr. Rogan added: “That is what I have heard from very good sources and that the United States Navy has the data.”

Last month, Corbell shared a video of another mysterious triangular craft flying near another US Navy ship.

He said, “Whether this being is worldly or otherworldly, we don’t know. It is just part of a much larger series of events that we are going to learn from. “

Last week, video showed a dark spherical object moving across the sky near a Navy ship , before suddenly veering into the water and disappearing.

Elizondo, former director of the Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, said that some of the UAPs that have been seen defy physics as we know it.

“They have no signs of propulsion, no wings, and yet they can defy the natural effects of Earth’s gravity. That is precisely what we are seeing ”.

{ https://mysteriousociety.com/  }

Time travel is possible… but only to parallel universes?

Zack White

From HG Wells’ “The Time Machine” to the “Back to the Future” franchise, time travel has been a hallmark of science fiction for more than a century.

Part of its appeal has been that famous physicists like Albert Einstein have come up with theories that explain weather phenomena in ways that don’t rule out the possibility of time travel.

Einstein’s special theory of relativity proposes that time moves relative to an observer and is an illusion.

In his 1905 theory, space and time combined into a singular entity known as “space-time”, which physicists have been able to verify.

However, in an article published in The Conversation , Barak Shoshany, an assistant professor of physics at Brock University in Canada, wrote about the possibility of time travel, but with certain conditions.

One of the biggest obstacles to time travel is the practical requirement of “exotic matter,” which is matter with negative energy, as opposed to the matter around us, which consists of positive energy.

However, Professor Shoshany adds that there is no evidence that it is impossible to create exotic matter in sufficient quantities.

“In addition, other equations can be discovered that allow time travel without requiring exotic matter,” explains Professor Shoshany.

Another hurdle is the possibility of time paradoxes, where an action done in the past could have ripple effects in the present that undo the need for time travel.

A classic example of this is the famous “ grandfather paradox ”, where pundits ponder whether a time traveler would cease to exist if he went back in time to kill his grandfather when he was young.

“In physics, a paradox is not an event that can actually happen, it is a purely theoretical concept that points to an inconsistency in the theory itself,” adds the Canadian physicist.

“In other words, the paradoxes of consistency not only imply that time travel is a dangerous endeavor, but that it simply cannot be possible.”

Theoretical physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov attempted to solve the problem of time travel paradoxes with a self-consistency conjecture, which essentially states that you can travel to the past, but you cannot change it.

But Professor Shoshany, along with his students Jacob Hauser and Jared Wogan studied time travel, and in a recent study they discovered that there are time travel paradoxes that the Novikov conjecture cannot resolve.

“We show that allowing for multiple histories (or in more familiar terms, parallel timelines) can resolve paradoxes that the Novikov conjecture cannot,” Shoshany writes.

“In fact, it can solve any paradox you throw at it.”

According to his theory, when a person steps out of a time machine, they arrive in a different timeline, where they can do whatever they want, including destroying their time machine five minutes before they were supposed to use it.

In this theory, changes to this new timeline would have no effect on the original timeline.

“After working on time travel paradoxes for the past three years, I have become increasingly convinced that time travel might be possible, but only if our universe can allow multiple histories to coexist,” he continues. explaining the physical

The team of researchers now seeks to formulate a concrete theory of time travel that complies with the law of general relativity.

Professor Shoshany adds that even if they do manage to find such a theory, this would not be enough to prove that time travel is possible, but it would at least mean that time travel is not ruled out by consistency paradoxes.

In short: multiple timelines would allow you to travel to a different timeline and kill your grandparents, let’s ignore the ‘why’ for the sake of debate, without causing a paradox.

Of course, once this happens, there is no reason to believe that that Universe will continue exactly as ours has.

It is likely that the “butterfly effect” of your arrival has changed it, it is also likely that you have selected a limited number of similarities, no matter how great they are.

Still, this would be a (still extremely far-fetched) way to experience the past, without affecting the present or creating paradoxes.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousociety.com/  }

Artist's illustration of a protogalaxy. This is not real, it's just a colorful image generated by Midjourney AI.

The Record for the Farthest Galaxy just got Broken Again, now just 250 million years after the Big Bang

“It’s amazing to have found such a distant galaxy candidate already with Webb given that this is just the first set of data,” says Mr. Callum Donnan, a PhD student at the University of Edinburgh, and lead author of the study. “It is important to note that to be certain of the redshift, the galaxy will need follow up observations using spectroscopy. This is why we refer to it as a galaxy candidate.”

The study determined that CEERS-93316 can’t be a low-mass star or unobstructed active galactic nucleus based on imaging data from NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera), which is JWST’s primary imager. Since CEERS-93316 is could be only 250 million years old, one goal for cosmologists is to know what’s happening in galaxies that young, and so soon after the Big Bang.

“After the Big Bang the Universe entered a period known as the dark ages, a time before any stars had been born,” explains Dr. Bowler. “The observations of this galaxy push observations back to the time when we think the first galaxies ever to exist were being formed.  Already we’ve found more galaxies in the very early Universe than computer simulations predicted, so there is clearly a lot of open questions about how and when the first stars and galaxies formed.”

Given this incredible finding in just the first set of data from JWST, it’s intriguing to think how much father back in the universe this record-shattering space telescope can see, and whether it can see the Big Bang itself.

“In principle JWST can detect galaxies at redshifts greater than 20, less than 200 million years after the Big Bang,” explains Bowler. “These galaxies will likely be extremely hard to find, but the detection of CERRS 93316 gives us hope that they may exist. Watch this space!”

“The most distant phenomenon observed is the cosmic microwave background (CMB) which is the ‘afterglow’ of the Big Bang,” explains Donnan. “The light from the CMB comes from approximately 400,000 years after the Big Bang and has been observed by various instruments over the years – most notably the Planck satellite which launched in 2009. Webb won’t be able to see as far back as that, but it is able to probe the earliest stages of galaxy formation.”

While Donnan and Bowler both stated there are no further observations planned for CEERS-93316, they are hopeful that there will be in the future.

Redshift is part of what’s known as the Doppler effect, which astronomers use to measure distances in the universe. A frequent example to demonstrate the Doppler effect is the change in sound wave pitch as a loud object travels towards you then travels away from you, often by an ambulance or other first responder vehicle. The sound waves as the object travels towards you is known as blueshift, while the opposite is called redshift. This new study setting a new redshift record means scientists have measured the farthest object in the universe to date.

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Sun is Older Than The Earth But The Water You Drink is Older Than The Sun

Consider this the next time you pick up a “fresh” glass of water: some of the molecules in that water are billions of years old – much older than the solar system itself.

This seems impossible at first: how could water on Earth predate the solar system in which it exists? However, recent peer-reviewed research published in the journal Science confirms this.

Astronomers arrived at this conclusion by proving that water in our solar system had to have been produced inside the thick cloud of gas and dust that preceded and was required for the formation of the star we know as the Sun. This means that the water that finally made its way to Earth through “wet rocks” such as asteroids or comets existed before the Sun exploded into a star.

Ted Bergin, an astronomy professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and one of the study’s authors, describes the discovery as “extraordinary.” “If you look back 4.6 billion years ago, there’s an incredible story to be told,” he says.

Earth was formed from microscopic particles little larger than the width of a human hair. Astronomers — who, Bergin says, are “very imaginative souls,” — call this “dust.”

These dust particles would collect so much energy from the Sun at their distance from it that they would become too hot for water to condense on them as ice. “This means that when the Earth was born, it was dry,” Bergin says. “So that’s an interesting problem: Where did the water come from?”

If we consider the matter more generally, Bergin asserts, we must ask: Where did all the water in the cosmos originate from? “The universe isn’t made of water, it’s made of atoms,” he explains. “So, at someplace, at some time, those atoms came together in the universe, via chemistry, to form water.”

Fortunately, astronomers can investigate that chemistry in Earth-based laboratories. They are capable of reproducing the circumstances that result in the formation of water. They do this using a process known as isotopic fingerprinting.

They do this using a process known as isotopic fingerprinting. The second kind is deuterium. These elements coexist in a more-or-less stable ratio throughout the solar system: for every deuterium atom, there are around 100,000 hydrogen atoms. Water has around this amount of hydrogen and deuterium.

“But chemistry tells us that under very specific conditions there can be an excess of deuterium,” says Bergin. “That’s what we call a ‘isotopic fingerprint.’ Earth contains a surplus of deuterium, as do comets and asteroids.”

The isotopic fingerprint appears only at very low temperatures, between 10 and 20 degrees above absolute zero (-441 degrees Fahrenheit). “So, because the Earth has this excess of deuterium,” Bergin explains, “we know one thing already: that whatever the source of the water was, it was really, really cold. So now we have to look at star and planet formation and ask, ‘Where is it that cold?’”

When a star starts to develop, temperatures may get so low in just two locations inside the enormous, violent system: within the cloud of gas and dust that surrounds the protostar, or within the accretion disc that begins to form around it. However, there is one more twist: water is also created by a chemical process called ionization. The researchers established that the disc is incapable of powering this chemical reaction by examining a comprehensive model of it.

“This tells you that, of the two potential sources to make the water — the disc and the cloud of gas and dust — the disc can’t do it,” Bergin explains. Therefore, the water with the isotopic fingerprint could only have emerged from the gas and dust — about a million years before the formation of the sun.

Nonetheless, this begs the issue of how this water reached Earth. According to Bergin, planets are generated from the same cloud of gas and dust that collapses and ignites to form a star. Within the cloud, rocks were thrown into space and collided with the particles that eventually created Earth. Although some of them lacked water, they collided with the Earth and amalgamated with it. Additional boulders were flung our way from a greater distance, and these rocks were chilly enough to contain water.

“So as the Earth was being born, these rocks from greater distances supplied the water,” Bergin says. “The water became part of the rocks, and it just out-gassed via volcanoes, and that created the oceans and the atmosphere, and this wonderful planet that we have today.”

Reference(s): 

• Peer-reviewed research paper, 
• Space.com

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https:// sastronomy.vercel }

As NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover turns 10, scientists and workers celebrate fond memories and lessons of the Red Planet mission

• On August 5, 2012 the Mars Curiosity Rover slowly eased its way onto the surface of the Red Planet and began its journey 

• 'It plays a special role in NASA's Mars exploration program,' said Mars Science Laboratory project scientist Ashwin Vasavada

• JPL systems engineer Sophia Mitchell spoke about her job as a 'space Uber driver,' as she pilots the Curiosity rover from over 100 million miles away 

• 'We're looking forward to seeing you on Mars one day. I can tell you that Curiosity is going to help protect you,' Vasavada told a child who asked a question

By ADAM KOVAC FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Happy landiversary to one of NASA’s proudest accomplishments.

On August 5, 2012 the Mars Curiosity Rover eased its way onto the surface of the Red Planet and began a journey that has gone on eight years longer than planned, collecting valuable data about whether life can be supported there - and if those conditions existed in the past.

As part of the celebration, scientists and mission members from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab and Goddard Space Flight Center, as well as the United States Geological Survey took part in a Twitter Space - basically a chat room of sorts - where they shared fond memories and lessons of the historic mission to the fourth rock from the sun.

Scroll down for video 

On August 5, 2012 the Mars Curiosity Rover slowly eased its way onto the surface of the Red Planet. The rover used the camera at the end of its arm in April and May 2014 to take dozens of component images combined into this self-portrait where the rover drilled into a sandstone target called 'Windjana'

'It plays a special role in NASA's Mars exploration program,' said Mars Science Laboratory project scientist Ashwin Vasavada. 'The ultimate goal is to figure out if life ever evolved on Mars, if it existed in the past or even today.'

To do so, Curiosity was launched on November 26, 2011 from Cape Canaveral. After its months-long journey through space, the 2,000 pound, car-sized rover touched down inside the 3.7 billion-year-old, 100-mile long Gale crater and began its methodical exploration of Mars’ surface.

JPL systems engineer Sophia Mitchell spoke about her job as a 'space Uber driver,' as she pilots the Curiosity rover from over 100 million miles away.  

'It’s definitely a dream job,' she said. 'I'm an aerospace engineer and but I really think of myself as an explorer and so the ultimate exploration job in my mind is getting to drive a massive science robot around on a different planet.'

'It plays a special role in NASA's Mars exploration program,' said Mars Science Laboratory project scientist Ashwin Vasavada. 'The ultimate goal is to figure out if life ever evolved on Mars, if it existed in the past or even today.' The Red Planet is pictured above in a handout from NASA

NASA scientists say that now-dusty Mars was once covered in bodies of water – an indication that this barren planet may have once been host to some form of life, or at least had the capacity to do so. The Mars Curiosity Rover snapped this panorama (above) of the Red Planet

What the rover learned has helped scientists paint a picture of what the planet likely looked like billions of years ago. The answer is that now-dusty Mars was once covered in bodies of water – an indication that this barren planet may have once been host to some form of life, or at least had the capacity to do so. 

That possibility was reinforced by Curiosity’s discovery of organic molecules found while drilling into shallow parts of the planet’s surface. The team spoke excitedly of future missions, such as the European Space Agency’s ExoMars rover, which will be able to dig deeper than Curiosity’s tools allowed.

While the past decade has been filled with discovery, it’s also been fraught with challenges. What was supposed to be a two-year mission has been extended indefinitely and Curiosity has started to show its age, with wear-and-tear on the wheels and a drill that doesn’t operate the way it once did. 

As Mitchell noted, when something breaks on Mars, 'We can’t send someone there to repair it. We just have to figure out how to use what we have to still be able to do what we want.'

Though robots have visited our closest celestial neighbor, that’s a trip that no human has yet been able to take. 

The team enthusiastically endorsed the possibility of mankind one day making it to Mars, a trip that will be aided by vital data on radiation being collected by Curiosity - and probably with the help of Elon Musk's Starship, after it successfully conducts a orbital launch test and brings people to the moon first. 

'I can just say I hope you go to Mars,' Vasavada told one curious child who was picked to ask a question. 'We're looking forward to seeing you on Mars one day and I can tell you that Curiosity is going to help protect you.' 

As Mitchell noted, when something breaks on Mars, 'We can’t send someone there to repair it. We just have to figure out how to use what we have to still be able to do what we want.' This is an artist's concept of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory spacecraft approaching Mars

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

The Curiosity rover has been exploring Mars for 10 years. Here's what we've learned.

Related: 

• Celebrate 10 years of NASA's Curiosity rover with these incredible images (gallery)

In order to find these key signatures of habitability on Mars, Curiosity carries with it tools to drill into the surface of the planet and spectrometers like the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) that can analyze the resulting samples. Within the rover's first few years on the planet, it had already discovered key requirements for life.

"So we found, one, Mars was habitable, and two, that those habitable environments persisted for tens of millions of years, most likely, maybe even hundreds of millions of years, which was surprising and exciting," Fraeman said.

The rover's research into the rock and soil of Mars also yielded new information about groundwater cycles on Mars. "All of the rocks that we've driven through show not only the signature of water when they were originally deposited, but this later overprinting of one or two or dozens of cycles of groundwater circulating through the rocks," Fraeman said. "And so it really emphasized the importance of subsurface water on Mars, which is something that would have been a really important process."

But in a decade of exploration, Curiosity has discovered much more than the building blocks of life. "One of the types of science that doesn't get mentioned a whole lot, but is really important and really interesting, is the environmental science we've been doing," Fraeman said.

Curiosity has radiation detectors and environmental and atmospheric sensors that have been put to good use on Mars. For instance, throughout its wanderings, when Curiosity approached geological formations like cliffs and buttes, the rover's instruments detected that the rocks blocked radiation from reaching it. "We can now use that for models for future astronauts. For example, can you use natural terrain as shielding?" Fraeman said.

She's also enthralled by Curiosity's study of Martian weather, noting that just last year, Curiosity photographed beautiful clouds known as noctilucent clouds, which appear at sunset during winter.

Although Curiosity's original mission timeline lasted just under two Earth years, a decade out the rover continues to be in relatively good health — good enough to continue its work. "We do have a little bit of arthritis, a little bit of aches and pains in the joints," Fraeman said. Its wheels, for instance, have developed quite a few holes after some 17.5 miles (28 kilometers) of travel with a 2,000-foot (600 meters) elevation gain. But Fraeman noted that the wheels are accumulating damage at a relatively slow rate, allowing Curiosity to continue moving.

"I think what's most remarkable to me is all the science instruments are basically working as well as they did when we landed," she said. "We're still able to do the same quality and breadth of science that we were 10 years ago, and that's pretty extraordinary."

Next up for Curiosity is an investigation into what happened to the once-habitable climate of Mars and how long the region remained habitable as the water began to dry up. While the rover spent the past decade exploring lake environments — most recently, a region where sand dunes formed as lakes disappeared — the team is now sending the explorer even higher up Mount Sharp.

"We're so close to reaching what we call the Layered-Sulfate unit, which is a completely different portion of Mount Sharp," Fraeman said. "We see from orbit that it has a different texture, a different mineralogy, and we think this is going to represent a very different environmental time on Mars. We're excited to see just what this environmental change was, how it's reflected in the rock record, and what that means for habitability."

But before Curiosity gets to all that, the team is going to spend a little time celebrating the anniversary. "Those of us who are local in Pasadena, we're going to have a party. We're going to get some Thai food, we'll have a raffle," Fraeman said. "I think it'll just be a joyous occasion to celebrate the accomplishments and hopefully look forward to more fun science.

• Follow Stefanie Waldek on Twitter @StefanieWaldek. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook. 

{ https://www.space.com/ }

After death, you’re aware that you’ve died, say scientists

In recent decades, scientists have been studying near-death experiences (NDEs) in an attempt to gain insights into how death overcomes the brain. 

Some people who have NDEs can later report, with accuracy, what was taking place around them, even though medical professionals considered them clinically dead or unconscious at the time. 

While the exact mechanisms behind NDEs remain unclear, research suggests that we remain conscious for about two to 20 seconds after our breathing and heartbeat stop... Read more 

A psychiatrist studied 1,000 near-death experiences. Here’s what he discovered.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

3 UFOs or possibly a triangle UFO over Benidorm, Spain

This triangular formation was filmed over Benidorm, Spain on 10th July 2022.

Witness report: 

In the early morning of July 10th 2022 at 1:31 A.M. I was sitting outside with my Night Vision monocular watching the stars when suddenly 3 lights came flying in my field of vision. I immediately started recording and followed the lights for about 20 seconds until they disappeared behind a branch of a tree in the forefront. At first I thought they were 3 separate UFOs but it could as well have been a single big triangular UFO turning on its axis. Attached you find the recording so you can judge for yourself.

RELATED VIDEOS ( peter2011)

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Pilot Andy Danziger on witnessing a huge UFO on a flight from Kansas to Iowa, 1989 #uap

Large white disc turned into a giant red ball. April 1989, on a flight between Kansas and Iowa.

Witnessed by pilot Andrew Danziger.
Date interview: May, 2015.

{  https://www.youtube.com/ }

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

UFO Sightings in the United States

Sightings are from MUFON CMS

Arizona Lights

Tonalea on July 22, 2022, we looked up and thought it was a shooting star but it didn’t change at all. It was a long string of lights that were at an angle but didn’t fly in an angle. It went straight across the sky and never faded or changed. The lights reminded me of white Christmas lights, but they didn’t twinkle.

California Object

Fresno on July 22, 2022, Huge cigar shaped object moving at a slow constant pace for the south to the north with a slight decent’

Colorado Light

Fort Garland on July 22, 2022, craft itself was dark, and did not reflect. Looked super low and slow, with 12 port holes. Felt like I was on display. I had my laser pointer on and I got Lazard back. I was able to capture a light trail in one photo.

Connecticut Object

Stratford on July 15, 2022, observed a black object high overhead in a cloudless sky. Object remained fixed in position at roughly 50,000 feet. Used my Galaxy 10 to get 16 pictures and each object is a totally different shape. It appears to be a portal as it disappeared instantly.

Florida Disc and Lights

Sanderson on July 16, 2022,  we were driving through the forest near a lake ‘took a picture. ‘I noticed something in the image and zoomed in and it looked like a UFO, so I quickly took another but nothing there. My son caught the image too.

Illinois Lights

Granville on July 8, 2022, it was hovering above the store I noticed it when I approached my car

Kansas Orbs

Leavenworth on November 11, 2021, I saw 9 orbs flying in formation toward a flight of F-16’s during the Annual Veterans Day Parade. Prior to the flyby I witnessed the orbs forming into various groups.  At least six orbs were in a three by two formation. After passing the flyby they formed a four-point formation then all of them disappeared to the west at a great speed.

Update – July 23, 2022: The video taken by the witness has been clipped to the time when the objects passed by the jets.  Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

Massachusetts Light

Chelmsford on July 15 2022, Tic tac, oblong shaped object in the sky with a trail, disappeared after second photo. 8:01 PM, Friday, 15 July 2022. No other objects in the sky.

Michigan Light

Cheboygan on July 12 , 2022,  saw a rectangle shape in the sky flying very slow straight line. It was very white in color after it flew pass the tree and was gone

Missouri Object

Mountain Grove on June 28, 2022, I was out in my back yard to take some photos of the sun. Looking thru the pictures I took I noticed a flying object in 2 of the photos taken. The second photo taken at 1:00 it has changed direction and is on the left side of the sun.

New Jersey Lights

Maple Shade on July 17, 2022, it was moving sideways at 1 am as a red light but flashed a bright white or blue. It would move up and down. I got a little scared because the UFO would come towards me. When it came close it shined real bright. I’m still in awe.

New York Object

Haverstraw on July 14 , 2022,  anomalous silent object seemed to change shape. No blinking lights but seemed to have a fixed bright light or may have been reflection from the su.

North Carolina Orb

Nagshead on July 20, 2022,  see the video seen in multiple cameras.

South Carolina Lights

Spartanburg July 18, 2022, we saw these lights at about 10:30 PM off of Carolina Country Club Road. The objects were moving east out of the woods behind our home. These were not meteors. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

Texas Object

While on June 12,  2022,. I like to take images of birds and saw the object for a few minutes that I thought was moving like a balloon. I noticed the Sun making it shine on the outside and it appeared to be spinning. The out- side was gray and each side had a different shape and a white circle in the middle..

Virginia Object

On July 6, 2022, I have an interesting way of taking videos of aliens. I start by calling them in saying ancient space words Marc Brinkerhoff has taught: “Adonai Vasu Barragas, Ahum Sah-bah Sinmah Nurem, Ne Selnik Mu Shulmac Tublia Nic Tu Nah and Sha-Neh-Ki Tah-Kah Takeh Thumie.” I then point my camera towards the sky and start taking my videos, indiscriminately. I am taking videos of only a small portion of the sky, but I feel the ETs will pose for me. I go and put the videos on my computer. I send love, gratitude and reverence and thank the ETs for showing up. Thanks to Dan Johnson to the honor and glory of God,

Washington D.C. Lights

District of Columbia May 7, 2021, I felt as if something was around, I could feel it in my gut, then captured this action and took a photo

Wisconsin Object

Milwaukee on July 23 , 2022,  US Air Show with jets – video shows something exiting stage left quickly. I was using an iPhone 13 Pro.

Worldwide UFO Sightings

Australia  Lights

Perth on July 12 , 2022,  saw a row of 30-40 lights continued in a straight, synchronised line, from one side of the horizon to the other. My son and I felt we could make out a rectangular shape structure. Note: The witnesses saw Star-Link communication satellites.

Magill on July 17, 2022, about 10 lights flew in the northeast direction at regular intervals. One light in the middle moved backwards, and after awhile it disappeared. I took it with my cell phone camera.

Canada Rectangle

‘ Kitchener on July 15 , 2022,  I was in my bedroom when I was surprised to see a pulsating glowing actual craft. I looked out my window it suddenly shot straight up and disappeared. The shape was rectangular and it  was surrounded by red and orange glowing lights. In January, I saw a white glowing orb leave my property.

Costa Rica Disk

Santa Barbara on June  6, 2022,  I got pictured, then 6 seconds later it was gone

Ecuador Lights

Guayaquil on July  28 , 2022,  took several pictures with family. After reviewing all pictures, I noticed up to 5 objects in the sky of different sizes, colors and have an orb halo surrounding it.

UK/England Object

Moreton  on July  8, 2022,  I was visiting from Qatar, where I work as an Editor for a think tank. I watched a commercial jet descend into London Airport, 20 miles from our house, and then saw a glowing object hurtling through the sky. The object above the garden, tossed and turned, darkened and then lit up and disappeared

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Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential. CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar

Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.

Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.

Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

Galactic wagon wheel! James Webb Space Telescope captures stunning new infrared image of the Cartwheel Galaxy and its central black hole 500 million light-years from Earth

• James Webb Space Telescope has peered into chaos of the Cartwheel Galaxy, revealing new details about star formation and the galaxy's central black hole

• The stunning image provides new view of how Cartwheel Galaxy has changed over billions of years

• The Cartwheel Galaxy, located about 500 million light-years away, is a rare sight

By SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

It has been carrying out scientific operations for less than a month but NASA's James Webb is once again wowing with its view of the universe.

The super space telescope has now peered into the chaos of the Cartwheel Galaxy, revealing new details about star formation and the galaxy's central black hole.

Its powerful infrared gaze produced a detailed image of the Cartwheel and two smaller companion galaxies against a backdrop of many other galaxies.

Located about 500 million light-years away in the Sculptor constellation, the Cartwheel Galaxy is a rare sight. 

Its appearance, much like that of the wheel of a wagon, is the result of an intense event — a high-speed collision between a large spiral galaxy and a smaller galaxy not visible in this image.

Other telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope, have previously examined the Cartwheel. 

But the dramatic galaxy has been shrouded in mystery — perhaps literally, given the amount of dust that obscures the view. 

Fireworks: The James Webb Space Telescope is once again wowing with its view of the universe. It has peered into the chaos of the Cartwheel Galaxy (pictured), revealing new details about star formation and the galaxy's central black hole

This image from Webb's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) shows a group of galaxies, including a large distorted ring-shaped galaxy known as the Cartwheel

Webb, with its ability to detect infrared light, now uncovers new insights into the nature of the Cartwheel.

The Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), Webb's primary imager, looks in the near-infrared range from 0.6 to 5 microns, seeing crucial wavelengths of light that can reveal even more stars than observed in visible light. 

This is because young stars, many of which are forming in the outer ring, are less obscured by the presence of dust when observed in infrared light. In this image, NIRCam data are colored blue, orange, and yellow. 

The galaxy displays many individual blue dots, which are individual stars or pockets of star formation. 

NIRCam also reveals the difference between the smooth distribution or shape of the older star populations and dense dust in the core compared to the clumpy shapes associated with the younger star populations outside of it.

The $10 billion (£7.4 billion) observatory's image also provides a new view of how the Cartwheel Galaxy has changed over billions of years. 

Collisions of galactic proportions cause a cascade of different, smaller events between the galaxies involved; the Cartwheel is no exception.

The collision most notably affected the galaxy's shape and structure. 

The Cartwheel Galaxy sports two rings — a bright inner ring and a surrounding, colorful ring. These rings expand outwards from the center of the collision, like ripples in a pond after a stone is tossed into it. 

Because of these distinctive features, astronomers call this a 'ring galaxy', a structure less common than spiral galaxies like our Milky Way.

The bright core contains a tremendous amount of hot dust with the brightest areas being the home to gigantic young star clusters. 

On the other hand, the outer ring, which has expanded for about 440 million years, is dominated by star formation and supernovas. As this ring expands, it plows into surrounding gas and triggers star formation.

Webb's infrared capabilities allow it to 'see back in time' to the Big Bang, which happened 13.8 billion years ago. Light waves move extremely fast, about 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, every second. The further away an object is, the further back in time we are looking. This is because of the time it takes light to travel from the object to us

The $10 billion (£7.4 billion) observatory (pictured) provided a new view of how the Cartwheel Galaxy has changed over billions of years

Learning finer details about the dust that inhabits the galaxy, however, requires Webb's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). 

MIRI data are coloured red in this composite image, revealing regions within the Cartwheel Galaxy rich in hydrocarbons and other chemical compounds, as well as silicate dust, like much of the dust on Earth. 

These regions form a series of spiraling spokes that essentially form the galaxy’s skeleton. 

The spokes are evident in previous Hubble observations released in 2018, but they become much more prominent in this Webb image.

While Webb gives us a snapshot of the current state of the Cartwheel, it also provides insight into what happened to this galaxy in the past and how it will evolve in the future.

Last month the telescope's dazzling, unprecedented images of a 'stellar nursery', dying star cloaked by dust and a 'cosmic dance' between a group of galaxies were revealed to the world for the first time.

It put an end to months of waiting and feverish anticipation as people across the globe were treated to the first batch of a treasure trove of images that will culminate in the earliest ever look at the dawn of the universe.

Webb's infrared capabilities mean it can 'see back in time' to within a mere 100-200 million years of the Big Bang, allowing it to snap pictures of the very first stars to shine in the universe more than 13.5 billion years ago.

Its first images of nebulae, an exoplanet and galaxy clusters triggered huge celebration in the scientific world, on what was hailed a 'great day for humanity'.

Researchers will soon begin to learn more about the galaxies' masses, ages, histories and compositions, as Webb seeks to explore the earliest galaxies in the universe.

The James Webb Telescope: NASA's $10 billion telescope is designed to detect light from the earliest stars and galaxies

The James Webb telescope has been described as a 'time machine' that could help unravel the secrets of our universe.

The telescope will be used to look back to the first galaxies born in the early universe more than 13.5 billion years ago, and observe the sources of stars, exoplanets, and even the moons and planets of our solar system.

The vast telescope, which has already cost more than $7 billion (£5 billion), is considered a successor to the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope

The James Webb Telescope and most of its instruments have an operating temperature of roughly 40 Kelvin – about minus 387 Fahrenheit (minus 233 Celsius).

It is the world's biggest and most powerful orbital space telescope, capable of peering back 100-200 million years after the Big Bang.

The orbiting infrared observatory is designed to be about 100 times more powerful than its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope.

NASA likes to think of James Webb as a successor to Hubble rather than a replacement, as the two will work in tandem for a while. 

The Hubble telescope was launched on April 24, 1990, via the space shuttle Discovery from Kennedy Space Centre in Florida.

It circles the Earth at a speed of about 17,000mph (27,300kph) in low Earth orbit at about 340 miles in altitude. 

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

James Webb Space Telescope maakt foto van ringvormig Karrenwielstelsel

NASA, het Europees ruimtevaartagentschap ESA en de Canadese ruimtevaartorganisatie CSA hebben een nieuwe foto gepubliceerd die afkomstig is van de James Webb Space Telescope. Het betreft een composietfoto van het aparte Karrenwielstelsel, dat zich op zo’n 500 miljoen lichtjaar van de aarde bevindt.

Joris Jansen 

Bron: Tweakers

Het Karrenwielstelsel was volgens de ruimtevaartorganisaties tot nu toe altijd een beetje in nevelen gehuld door de grote hoeveelheden stof. Hubble heeft voorheen ook naar dit sterrenstelsel gekeken, maar bijvoorbeeld de ‘spaken’ in het wiel zijn veel beter zichtbaar op de nieuwe afbeelding. Hubble is dan ook veel minder dan James Webb gespecialiseerd in het infrarode deel van het spectrum en die specifieke capaciteit is nodig om door stof heen te kijken. 

Lees ook

• 

  James Webb-telescoop vindt verst verwijderde sterrenstelsels, die zowat 250 miljoen jaar na de oerknal ontstonden

• 

  James Webb-telescoop loopt volgend jaar weer gevaar op beschadiging door gruis van komeet Halley

De verschillende instrumenten van de James Webb-telescoop brengen een aantal zaken aan het licht. Zo zijn individuele sterren en sterrenvormingsregio’s in het sterrenstelsel te zien en is in het centrum het gedrag van een zwart gat zichtbaar. De afbeelding is een composiet, een samenstelling van data van de Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) en het Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI).

Een foto van het Karrenwielstelsel, gemaakt door de Hubble-ruimtetelescoop.  © ESA/Hubble & NASA

De data van James Webb maken eens te meer duidelijk dat het Karrenwielstelsel zich in een overgangsfase bevindt. Het was vermoedelijk ooit een normaal sterrenstelsel zoals de Melkweg, maar in het verleden was er een botsing op hoge snelheid tussen een groot spiraalstelsel en een klein sterrenstelsel dat niet zichtbaar is op de afbeelding. Door de botsing zijn de vorm en structuur veranderd; er is sprake van twee ringen en astronomen noemen het dan ook een ringsterrenstelsel. Vorige maand publiceerden de ruimtevaartorganisaties de eerste vijf afbeeldingen van James Webb.

Lees ook:

• James Webb-telescoop vindt verst verwijderde sterrenstelsels, die zowat 250 miljoen jaar na de oerknal ontstonden

• NASA toont nieuwe spectaculaire beelden van James Webb-telescoop: bekijk ze hier

• Zo heb je Jupiter nog nooit gezien: James Webb-telescoop maakte nog meer verbluffende beelden

GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, uitgekozen en gepost door peter2011

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

Most Bizarre Discoveries Found On The Beach!

If you’re an ardent beach goer, then you must have seen different creatures on the beach sands or maybe even made some discoveries of your own. However, whatever you may have found is nothing compared to the creatures and things in our list of 10 of the most bizarre discoveries found on the beach. Are you keen to find out for yourself?

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

A Massive Hole Just Opened Up in Chile — And It’s Still Growing

By Elijah Cohen

Geologists in Chile are investigating a strange sinkhole that emerged over the weekend that’s still growing, leaving local authorities baffled.

The massive hole — 656-feet deep and the width of the White House (82 feet)—appeared over the weekend outside of the town of Tierra Amarilla in the Atacama region on land owned and operated by Canada’s Lundin Mining company.

“There is a considerable distance, approximately 200 meters (656 feet), to the bottom,” David Montenegro, Sernageomin’s director, said in a statement. “We haven’t detected any material down there, but we have seen the presence of a lot of water.”

Chile’s National Service of Geology and Mining, Sernageomin, sent specialists to help all relevant authorities with the investigation into the area—roughly 413 miles north of the capital, Santiago—to see if the massive sinkhole has a connection to the Canadian company’s mining operations in the region.

The entire mining site has been shut down for the investigation as local authorities have so far been unable to offer an explanation for the 656-foot-deep hole.

Lundin Mining said in their statement that none of the workers present were hurt or in any way impacted by the massive sinkhole.

“Upon detection, the area was immediately isolated, and the relevant regulatory authorities notified. There has been no impact to personnel, equipment or infrastructure.”

“The closest home is more than 600m (1,969ft) away while any populated area or public service are almost a kilometre away from the affected zone,” the official statement from the company added.

However, Canadian mining companies have been operating throughout Latin America over the years, having been accused of a wide variety of environmental and human rights violations.

Tierra Amarilla’s mayor, Cristóbal Zúñiga, told a local radio station that the community living near the mine “has always had a fear that something like this could happen.”

“Today it happened in a space that’s an agricultural property, but our greatest fear now is that this could happen in a populated place, on a street, in a school,” said Zuñiga.

“Protecting the integrity of our inhabitants is our greatest concern at the moment.”

Unfortunately for this community, the mysterious sinkhole nearby is still growing.

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Source: 

• The Mind Unleashed

Source: 

• https://www.naturalblaze.com/2022/08/strange-sinkhole-appears-a-massive-hole-just-opened-up-in-chile-and-its-still-growing.html

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Dark matter from 12 billion years ago detected for the 1st time

By Robert Lea 

Scientists used a fossil relic left over from the Big Bang to perform the earliest detection of dark matter ever.

An artist's depiction of a galaxy. 

(Image credit: iStock/Getty Images Plus)

Scientists have discovered dark matter around galaxies that existed about 12 billion years ago, the earliest detection yet of this mysterious substance that dominates the universe. 

The findings, achieved by a collaboration led by researchers from Japan's Nagoya University, suggest that dark matter in the early universe is less 'clumpy' than predicted by many current cosmological models. If further work confirms this theory, it could change scientists' understanding of how galaxies evolve and suggest that the fundamental rules governing the cosmos could have been different when the 13.7 billion-year-old universe was just 1.7 billion years old. 

The key to mapping dark matter in the very early universe the cosmic microwave background (CMB), a sort of fossil radiation left over from the Big Bang that is distributed throughout the entire cosmos. 

"Look at dark matter around distant galaxies? It was a crazy idea. No one realized we could do this," University of Tokyo professor Masami Ouchi said in a statement. "But after I gave a talk about a large distant galaxy sample, Hironao came to me and said it may be possible to look at dark matter around these galaxies with the CMB."

Related: 

• With the James Webb Space Telescope in full operations, scientists look to reveal the earliest galaxies

Because light takes a finite time to travel from distant objects to Earth, astronomers see other galaxies as they existed when the observed light left them. The more distant a galaxy, the longer the light has been traveling to us and thus the further back in time we see them, so we see the most distant galaxies as they were billions of years ago, in the infant universe. 

Observing dark matter is even trickier. Dark matter is the mysterious substance that makes up around 85% of the total mass of the universe. It doesn't interact with matter and light like the everyday matter made of protons and neutrons that fills stars, planets and us.

Detecting 'early' dark matter 

To 'see' dark matter at all, astronomers must rely on its interaction with gravity. 

According to Einstein's theory of relativity, objects of tremendous mass cause the curvature of space-time. A common analogy is a stretchy rubber sheet holding balls of increasing mass. The greater the mass, the larger the 'dent' it causes in the sheet. Likewise, the larger the cosmic object, the more extreme the warping of space-time it causes.

Massive objects like galaxies cause space-time to curve so strongly that light from sources behind a galaxy is curved, just like the path of a marble rolled across the stretched rubber sheet would deviate. This effect shifts the position of the light source in the sky, a phenomenon called gravitational lensing.

To study the distribution of dark matter in a galaxy, astronomers can observe how light from a source behind that galaxy is changed as it passes the 'lens galaxy.' The more dark matter a lens galaxy contains,s the greater the distortion of the light passing it. 

But the technique has limitations. 

Because the earliest and most distant galaxies are very faint, as astronomers look deeper into the universe and further back in time, the lensing effect becomes more subtle and difficult to see and scientists need both a lot of background sources and a lot of early galaxies to spot lensing by dark matter. This problem has limited the mapping of dark matter distribution to galaxies that are around 8 to 10 billion years old. 

But the CMB provides a more ancient light source than any galaxy. The CMB is ubiquitous radiation that was created when the universe cooled enough to allow atoms to form, reducing the number of photon-scattering free electrons in a moment cosmologists call 'the last scattering.' The reduction in free electrons allowed photons to travel freely, meaning that the universe suddenly stopped being opaque and became transparent to light.

And just like light from other distant sources, the CMB can be distorted by galaxies with dark matter due to gravitational lensing.

"Most researchers use source galaxies to measure dark matter distribution from the present to 8 billion years ago," University of Tokyo assistant professor Yuichi Harikane said in the statement. "However, we could look further back into the past because we used the more distant CMB to measure dark matter."

The team combined lensing distortions of a large sample of ancient galaxies with those of the CMB to detect dark matter dating back to when the universe was just 1.7 billion years old. And this ancient dark matter paints a very different cosmic picture.

"For the first time, we were measuring dark matter from almost the earliest moments of the universe," Harikane said. "12 billion years ago, things were very different. You see more galaxies that are in the process of formation than at the present; the first galaxy clusters are starting to form as well." 

These clusters can be comprised of between 100 and 1,000 galaxies bound to large amounts of dark matter by gravity.

Is dark matter clumpy? 

One of the most significant aspects of the team's findings is the possibility that dark matter is less clumpy in the early universe than many current models suggest it should be. 

For example, the widely accepted Lambda-CDM model suggests that tiny fluctuations in the CMB should have resulted in gravity creating densely packed pockets of matter. These fluctuations eventually lead matter to collapse to form galaxies, stars and planets, and should also result in dense pockets of dark matter. 

"Our finding is still uncertain," Harikane said. "But if it is true, it would suggest that the entire model is flawed as you go further back in time. This is exciting because if the result holds after the uncertainties are reduced, it could suggest an improvement of the model that may provide insight into the nature of dark matter itself."

The team will continue to collect data to assess whether the Lambda-CDM model conforms to observations of dark matter in the early universe or if the assumptions behind the model need to be revised. 

RELATED STORIES:

• Dazzling James Webb Space Telescope image prompts science scramble
• Hubble telescope looks deep into the Needle's Eye in this dwarf spiral galaxy photo
• James Webb Space Telescope beats its own record with potential most distant galaxies 

The data used by the team to reach their findings originated from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey, which analyzes data from a telescope in Hawai'i. But the researchers have used only a third of this data thus far, meaning that a better dark matter distribution map could be available as the rest of the observations are incorporated. 

The team is also looking forward to data from the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) which could allow the researchers to look at dark matter even further back in time.

"LSST will allow us to observe half the sky," Harikane said. "I don't see any reason we couldn't see the dark matter distribution 13 billion years ago next."

The team's research was published Aug. 1 in the journal Physical Review Letters. 

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• Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.

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Astronomers Measure the Signal of Dark Matter From 12 Billion Years ago

Although the particles of dark matter continue to allude us, astronomers continue to find evidence of it. In a recent study, they have seen its effect from the edge of visible space, when the universe was just 1.5 billion years old.

An artist's depiction of a galaxy. 

(Image credit: iStock/Getty Images Plus)

Dark matter doesn’t emit its own light, nor does it absorb light like a dark cloud. But it does affect light gravitationally. So clumps of dark matter create a gravitational lens that deflects and focuses light. Astronomers have long used this effect to map dark matter within galactic clusters. You can even see this lensing effect in the recent Webb deep field images. The light from more distant galaxies is warped by the mass of closer galaxies, which astronomers can map to calculate the distribution of dark matter in those closer galaxies.

But in this latest study, the galaxies are so distant that there aren’t really any more distant galaxies. Certainly none bright enough that we can see their lensed light. So instead, the team used the light from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). To map dark matter, the team used data from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey (HSC), and identified about 1.5 million faint and distant galaxies. They then used data from the Plank satellite to see how CMB light was deflected. From this, they created a map of dark matter in the early universe.

It’s the most distant measure of dark matter ever made, and it opens a possible crack in our current model of the universe. In the standard cosmological model, known as the LCDM model, dark energy drives the expansion of the universe, striving to push galaxies apart, while the gravitational attraction of matter and dark matter cause galaxies to clump together. According to LCDM, the scale at which we observe fluctuations in the cosmic background drives the scale at which galaxies cluster together, which tells us how densely galaxies should be clustered in the early universe. In this latest work, the amount of galactic clustering in the early period is slightly less than predicted by the LCDM model.

The uncertainty of the team’s measurements means their result isn’t conclusive. It’s possible that they simply under measured the clumping scale. But if it’s right, it suggests that the laws of the universe were a bit different 12 billion years ago. Combined with observations that show a tension in the rate of cosmic expansion, they could be on to something.

There are a lot of possibilities. But the biggest success of this work is that we now have actual data. It’s a big first step, and as we get more data from telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope and Vera Rubin Observatory, we should be able to solve this mystery, and finally learn if the cosmic laws really were different in the dark and distant past.

Reference: 

• Miyatake,Hironao, et al. “First Identification of a CMB Lensing Signal Produced by 1.5 Million Galaxies at z ~ 4: Constraints on Matter Density Fluctuations at High Redshift.” Physical Review Letters 129.6 (2022): 061301.

The post Astronomers Measure the Signal of Dark Matter From 12 Billion Years ago appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/157006/astronomers-measure-the-signal-of-dark-matter-from-12-billion-years-ago/

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White Craft Over Maceio, Brazil On July 10, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: July 10, 2022
Location of sighting: Maceio, Brazil

 

Watch this video and you will see a white disk craft moving across the Brazilian sky. At one point you can see it tilting and see that it is a disk. Remarkable footage and very steady hand with the camera. Hats off to this eyewitness on his camera skills. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Glowing Object Over Cortez, Colorado On Aug 1, 2022, - Video - UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Aug 1, 2022

Location of sighting: Cortez, Colorado, USA

 

A glowing object was recorded over Colorado a few days ago. The object moved with purpose and seemed to be intelligently controlled. Colorado is the #1 state in the US for white sphere UFO. #2 is Texas. So many people in Colorado have seen these UFOs that police officers, mayors, governors and judges are among a few. Often thousands at a time witness them. This came from the alien base below the Rocky Mountains. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

Eyewitness states: 

Camping with my son observing many stars in cloudless sky. Observed planes and satellites throughout night with identification of blinking lights and obvious satellite identification. Observed a very bright, silent, slow-moving light, starting from the northeast from a vantage point looking at ~45° angle from 5'5" individual from coordinates 37°21'39.9"N 108°57'13.1"W facing to the northeast and traveling over a 2 minute or more period a 45°span to the southeast, at which point it appeared to "turn" or change course to directly east direction and "faded" (appeared to move quickly with no trail) absolutely silently out of sight. In attached video you can see the relative brightness of the object as it passes by a bright star. Was standing ~5 back from a ~12 tall tree used as movement reference.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Dozens of UFOs show up at Space Station, NASA cuts off screen, 7-22-2022 UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: 7-22-2022

Location of sighting: Earths orbit at ISS

Source: Email Report

Youtuber: Cosmic Navigation at

•  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYr9w6OeYVs

I got this email report today from a researcher who caught several glowing objects moving past the space station. Some of the objects even turn to join others. Very cool, very amazing and 100% proof that intelligent aliens exist. What more can you ask for? These are disks, the classic types with the humps in the middle. The hump is facing the spaces station because the pilots want to see the ISS up close and personal with their own eyes. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Drone caught ghostly high speed UFO over Milton Keynes, UK

Since the widespread proliferation of camera drones in the mid-2010s many fast moving objects of bright white color have been recorded flying in earth's airspace at low altitude. 

Their traveling speed seems to range from a few hundred km/h to several times the speed of sound. 

The video analyzed by GoFastUFO reveals some further properties of WFMs (White Fast Movers - also called: UFO Fast Walkers): they often travel fast at a constant altitude, they are not or only weakly affected by gravitational forces, they often fly along a linear trajectory or a curve with a very large radius, they do not crash into obstacles. 

In most cases of the here presented WFM footage the data reliably shows that they cannot be birds, insects or common technical devices such as model airplanes.

  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by  peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Huge flashing UFO over Peoria, Arizona 16-Jun-2022

This huge UFO was seen and recorded in the sky above Peoria, Arizona on 16th June 2022.

Witness report: 

I noticed it whenever I was getting into my car and I went back in and got my phone and I video taped it and it was approximately 3 mi away I’d say 3,000 ft high and it was just a right above a treetop from neighbor down the street I could see it very well and I videotaped it twice it’s been there twice and I’ve also seen one that was outside of spring valley California on it was November 2004 was 5 round orbs silver and I’ve seen a few others also and I am very critical of what I’m seeing so I make sure that I know what I’m saying and that’s why I videotape what I can but five orbs they weren’t there for long I was getting gas looked up saw them and I went to grab my camera which I keep in my car and by the time I turn back around I was trying to send her in and try to get a video or a photo and they just zip straight up and disappeared faster than anything I’ve ever seen

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

A Supermassive Black Hole Is Heading Earth’s Way At 110 Km Per Second

There is a massive black hole with millions of times more mass than our sun is plunging towards Earth and will one day annihilate life as we know it. This particular black hole is coming towards us at 110 kilometers per second and is at the center of the Great Andromeda Galaxy – the Milky Way’s closest and much larger neighbor.

At the center of the most known galaxies, there exist a supermassive black hole which stars spin around and helps keep everything in formation. But such is the powerful gravitational pull of the Milky Way and Andromeda that they are being drawn toward each other and will one day crash.

“There’s a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. And not just any black hole, it’s a supermassive black hole with more than 4.1 million times the mass of the Sun. It’s right over there, in the direction of the Sagittarius constellation. Located just 26,000 light-years away. And as we speak, it’s in the process of tearing apart entire stars and star systems, occasionally consuming them, adding to its mass like a voracious shark.”

Due to the size of Andromeda however, there is only going to be one winner when it smashes into the Milky Way.

But, as Andromeda is 2.5 million light years away, it will take over four billion years to reach us, so we are safe for now.

Mr Cain said: “Panic will happen when the Milky Way collides with Andromeda in about 4 billion years.  “Suddenly, you’ll have two whole clouds of stars interacting in all kinds of ways, like an unstable blended family.  “Stars that would have been safe will careen past other stars and be deflected down into the maw of either of the two supermassive black holes on hand. Andromeda’s black hole could be 100 million times the mass of the Sun, so it’s a bigger target for stars with a death wish.”

{ https://www.thespaceacademy.org/ }

A Supermassive Black Hole Is Heading Earth’s Way At 110 Km Per Second

There is a massive black hole with millions of times more mass than our sun is plunging towards Earth and will one day annihilate life as we know it. This particular black hole is coming towards us at 110 kilometers per second and is at the center of the Great Andromeda Galaxy – the Milky Way’s closest and much larger neighbor.

At the center of the most known galaxies, there exist a supermassive black hole which stars spin around and helps keep everything in formation. But such is the powerful gravitational pull of the Milky Way and Andromeda that they are being drawn toward each other and will one day crash.

“There’s a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. And not just any black hole, it’s a supermassive black hole with more than 4.1 million times the mass of the Sun. It’s right over there, in the direction of the Sagittarius constellation. Located just 26,000 light-years away. And as we speak, it’s in the process of tearing apart entire stars and star systems, occasionally consuming them, adding to its mass like a voracious shark.”

Due to the size of Andromeda however, there is only going to be one winner when it smashes into the Milky Way.

But, as Andromeda is 2.5 million light years away, it will take over four billion years to reach us, so we are safe for now.

Mr Cain said: “Panic will happen when the Milky Way collides with Andromeda in about 4 billion years.  “Suddenly, you’ll have two whole clouds of stars interacting in all kinds of ways, like an unstable blended family.  “Stars that would have been safe will careen past other stars and be deflected down into the maw of either of the two supermassive black holes on hand. Andromeda’s black hole could be 100 million times the mass of the Sun, so it’s a bigger target for stars with a death wish.”

{ https://www.thespaceacademy.org/ }

US Top Insiders Claim Imperceptible Beings Are All Around Us

 Vicky Verma

Over the past few decades, several insiders have boldly accepted the existence of UFOs and hinted at the phenomenon being around us all the time, and that our reductive senses are limiting our ability to perceive it. The discussion on Alien-UFO theory has already become a hot topic in the mainstream media. The governments of powerful nations have started considering investigating the issue with full throttle. In the midst of it, experts from various technical and entertainment fields began a worldwide surge with their controversial statements on extraterrestrials.

Robert Bigelow

According to American billionaire Robert Bigelow, famous in the aerospace industry for the manufacture of inflatable modules such as those tested out at the International Space Station, there are extraterrestrial beings living among humans. He has said that he is ‘absolutely convinced’ aliens are living among humans on Earth.

During a 2017 interview with CBS’ 60 Minutes, reporter Lara Logan asked Bigelow if he believes in aliens. He replied: “I’m absolutely convinced. That’s all there is to it.” He further said: “There has been and is an existing presence, an ET presence. And I spent millions and millions and millions — I probably spent more as an individual than anybody else in the United States has ever spent on this subject.

Lara Logan: Do you imagine that in our space travels we will encounter other forms of intelligent life?

Robert Bigelow: You don’t have to go anywhere.

Lara Logan: You can find it here? Where exactly?

Robert Bigelow: It’s just like right under people’s noses. Oh my gosh. Wow.

The FAA confirmed to us that for years, it referred reports of UFOs and other unexplained phenomena to a company Bigelow owns. He told us he’s had his own close encounters, but declined to go into detail.”

Read also:

• Are There Crashed UFOs & Dead Alien Bodies In So-Called ‘Hangar 18’ Of Ohio Military Base?
• Russian Scientists Stated In 1970 That Moon Is Artificial Space Object
• Ex-Pentagon UFO Official Luis Elizondo Embraces ‘Zoo Hypothesis,’ Earth As Alien Prison
• Does This FBI Document Suggest That Nikola Tesla Was An Alien From Venus?

Dr. Gary Nolan

Dr. Gary Nolan, a Stanford microbiologist spent the last ten years working with a number of individuals analyzing materials from the alleged UFO Phenomenon. In his interview with Jesse Michels, Dr. Nolan explains how our brains were specifically constructed to entangle with the quantum fields of the universe. He said:

“I mean it’s so far different from us that it’s doing its best to talk to us in ways that it can do. They’re either from another planet in this galaxy or elsewhere. Underground or nearby, or whatever. They just show up to look at us because they’re basically, maybe looking at their past, or they’re interdimensional, or they’re from another level of reality that we don’t understand…

…When your mind expands to a certain point, in terms of what you might consider reality to be, other entities live there.”

Since 2016, Garry has been in possession of and analyzing materials given to him by some of the top “Ufologists” in the country like Jacque Vallee. He’s also consulted for the CIA in studying the brain structures of people who claim UFO encounters. (Click here to read the full article

Jacques Vallee

In the 60 years of UFO sightings, very little research has been conducted to discuss the nature of this phenomenon scientifically. When others called the UFO encounters a hoax, Dr. Jacques Vallée took a stand and provided a convincible explanation for them. In his research paper: “TOWARDS MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SETI RESEARCH,” co-authored with Garry Nolan, Vallée explains the phenomenon being in a comprehensive way.

“Because it is hard to imagine all possible life forms, and given the short time that life and consciousness have been scientifically studied (less than one century), it would be prudent not to rule out possibilities that may appear unfashionable. Life may thrive underground and in space, near and far from planets and stars, and under conditions we may now consider prohibitive (13). With the newly essential understandings of quantum physics and quantum information, are “biological brains” the only place consciousness could have evolved?

To this point, new models for the evolution of consciousness and matter are under study that suggest novel possibilities to interpret the nature of reality and which are at odds with a materialistic worldview. This includes the possibility of other forms of communication or contact with alien intelligences that are considered “science fiction” by mainstream science, yet have an extraordinary history of anecdotal evidence. We are speaking of everything from telepathy, empathy, remote viewing, and out of body experiences that may be pointing towards channels of communications beyond what electromagnetic waves can reveal.

Before dismissing such ideas, we need keep in mind that all sensory apparatus our consciousness employs to interpret our immediate universe relies upon electromagnetic waves which propagate as quantum fields. Our sensory apparatus operates in that quantum reality. We perceive quantum information and construct our internal “animal” view of reality—but are we perceiving all information fields enfolding us? Are we consciously aware of everything we are perceiving? Animals, and now humans, are recently understood to perceive magnetic fields. The proteins in our brain that form our neurons sit in a quantum mix where information is transferred in still unfathomable manners. Are those proteins and biologicals completely blind to all forms of information passing through them?”

Also, the list of insiders includes former veteran CIA officer Jim Semivan & ex-Pentagon UFO official, Luis Elizondo who shared similar views on the phenomenon. (Click here to read the full article.)

These examples add some relevance to the subject that there could be a whole new reality out there that the human brain is unable to see. The idea of intelligent life has never been dismissed by scientists and taking it one step further, physicist Stephen Hawking said that they could even destroy us. He spoke publicly about his fears that an advanced alien civilization would have no problem wiping out the human race the way a human might wipe out a colony of ants. Is it possible that there is another civilization living among us?

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

 Ameya Paleja

The discovery of stem cells and their ability to take the form of any cell type in the body has opened many doors in the field of medicine. From curing baldness to curing HIV, stem cells can be used everywhere.

However, sourcing stem cells has raised major ethical concerns. Found abundantly in the embryonic stages of cell growth, harvesting these cells requires the embryo to be destroyed before it is implanted in the female womb. So, researchers have been looking for an alternative way to source them and have even been successful in their search.

Making stem cells more "naive"

Studies have shown that stem cells are also present in small numbers in organs like the skin, which constantly undergoes renewal throughout our life. The process requires cells of different types, and that's where the multi-potency of stem cells comes in handy.

Jacob Hanna, a professor at the Molecular Genetics Department at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, however, developed a method that would take back such stem cells to a previous step, where they are more "naive". In a previous study, Hanna and his team demonstrated that their technology could make human stem cells so "naive" that they could even be injected into mice, where they would function as if they were mice's own.

In separate work, Hanna's team also developed a special incubator that has all the necessary conditions for the growth of an embryo. In 2021, a group of researchers grew 250 mouse embryos into fetuses with fully formed organs inside this artificial womb. What Hanna and his team wanted to know was if the incubator could also grow embryos that were sourced from stem cells.

Embryos from stem cells

The researchers then used naive stem cells that had been cultured for years in a petri dish in the lab. Before placing them into the special incubator, these cells were divided into three groups. While one was left untreated to grow into embryonic stem cells, the other two were pretreated for a period of 48 hours to express genes that were master regulators of either the placenta or yolk sac.

The cells were once again mixed together in the incubator and allowed to grow. While most failed to develop properly, 0.5 percent, or 50 of 10,000 cells, went on to become spheres, which then took the elongated form of embryos.

The researchers had labeled each group of cells differently, so they could the growth of the placenta and yolk sac outside the embryo. At day 8.5, nearly half of the normal gestation of 20 days in mice, these embryos displayed early organs such as the beating heart, blood stem cell circulation, a brain with well-shaped folds, a neural tube,, and an intestinal tract, a university press release said.

This is the first instance of a research group using stem cells to make advanced embryos, Hanna told the Times of Israel. "Our next challenge is to understand how stem cells know what to do – how they self-assemble into organs and find their way to their assigned spots inside an embryo."

Apart from helping reduce the use of animals in stem cell research, the techniques developed in his lab could one day also help become a reliable source of cells, tissues, and organs for transplantation.

The findings of the study were published in the journal Cell.

Abstract

In vitro cultured stem cells with distinct developmental capacities can contribute to embryonic or extra-embryonic tissues after microinjection into pre-implantation mammalian embryos. However, whether cultured stem cells can independently give rise to entire gastrulating embryo-like structures with embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments, remains unknown. Here we adapt a recently established platform for prolonged ex utero growth of natural embryos, to generate mouse post-gastrulation synthetic whole embryo models (sEmbryos), with both embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments, starting solely from naïve ESCs. This was achieved by co-aggregating non-transduced ESCs, with naïve ESCs transiently expressing Cdx2- and Gata4- to promote their priming towards trophectoderm and primitive endoderm lineages, respectively. sEmbryos adequately accomplish gastrulation, advance through key developmental milestones, and develop organ progenitors within complex extra-embryonic compartments similar to E8.5 stage mouse embryos. Our findings highlight the plastic potential of naïve pluripotent cells to self-organize and functionally reconstitute and model the entire mammalian embryo beyond gastrulation.

{ https://interestingengineering.com/ }

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

Beijing holds live fire naval drills opposite Taiwan after threatening to SHOOT DOWN US Speaker Nancy Pelosi as her Asia tour begins

• China is conducting live-fire military exercises in the waters around Taiwan

• The aggressive move comes as US Speaker Nancy Pelosi flies to the region

• She is slated to visit to Taiwan, first visit by high-ranking US official in 25 years

• Beijing reacted furiously, warning 'those who play with fire will be perished by it'

By WALTER FINCH FOR MAILONLINE

The Chinese military conducted live-fire exercises Saturday off its coast opposite Taiwan amid reports that US Speaker Nancy Pelosi is in the air on her way to the region.

The powder keg situation comes as China indicated it may shoot Pelosi's plane down if she attempts to land on the disputed island democracy, which Beijing claims as part of its territory.

Pelosi is thought to have set off late on Friday for her upcoming Asian tour, which may or may not include a visit to Taiwan, something that Beijing warned the US would 'bear all consequences' for.

If it goes ahead, it could precipitate the largest crisis in the Straits of Taiwan for almost 40 years. 

Beijing has reacted furiously to the prospective visit of the third ranking official in the US government to Taiwan. Chinese leader Xi Jinping warned President Joe Biden on Thursday that 'those who play with fire will perish by it.' 

'It is hoped that the US will be clear-eyed about this.'

The People's Liberation Army was conducting 'live-fire exercises' near the Pingtan islands off Fujian province, the official Xinhua News Agency announced. The Maritime Safety Administration warned ships to avoid the area.

US Speaker Nancy Pelosi is reported to be in the air on her way to the Asia-Pacifc region for the start of Japan, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia in August amid threats by China to shoot her down if she visits the island of Taiwan

Two vessels identified as a Chinese Type 052D destroyer and a Type 054A frigate were seen 27km and 23km away from the Taiwan Strait. Both are armed with surface-to-air missiles (file photos)

Xi warned Biden on the call, according to Chinese state media: 'Those who play with fire will only get burnt. Hope the US side can see this clearly'

President Joe Biden posted an image to his Twitter from a two-hour call Thursday morning with Chinese President Xi Jinping – the fifth between the two since Biden took office

Such exercises usually involve artillery. The one-sentence announcement gave no indication whether Saturday's exercise also might include missiles, fighter planes or other weapons.

Two other vessels - identified by Vietnam-based maritime observer Duan Dang as a Chinese Type 052D destroyer and a Type 054A frigate - were seen 27km and 23km away from the Taiwan Strait. Both are armed with surface-to-air missiles.

Meanwhile the Chinese navy was conducting military exercises off its southern coast near Guangdong, following exercises in nearby Hainan province. 

It is all seen as a show of force to dissuade Pelosi from visiting the island. As the leader of the co-equal legislative branch of the US government, Joe Biden has no authority to order her to abandon the visit.

Biden said last week the Pentagon thought a Taiwan trip was 'not a good idea.' 

'Well, I think that the military thinks it's not a good idea right now,' Biden said in response to a question about Pelosi's reported trip. 'But I don't know what the status of it is.' 

China has been ratcheting up the rhetoric as the crisis reaches boiling point, with the Chinese state-affiliated Global Times crowing, 'don't say we didn't warn you!' 

It is a phrase that China apparently used before fighting both India in 1962 and Vietnam in 1979.

And a commentator with Beijing mouthpiece the Global Times, Hu Xijn, called US fighter jets escorting Pelosi's plane into Taiwan an 'invasion'.

'The PLA has the right to forcibly dispel Pelosi's plane and the US fighter jets, including firing warning shots and making tactical movement of obstruction. If ineffective, then shoot them down,' he wrote on Twitter.

The visit, which a member of the House foreign affairs committee seemed to have confirmed will go ahead, will be the first visit by such a high-ranking American elected official in 25 years. 

Pictured: Taiwanese navy launches a US-made Standard missile from a frigate during the annual Han Kuang Drill, on the sea near the Suao navy harbor in Yilan county on July 2

China says Taiwan has no right to conduct foreign relations. It sees visits by American officials as encouragement for the island to make its decades-old de facto independence official. 

The PLA has flown growing numbers of fighter planes and bombers near Taiwan and has in the past fired missiles into shipping lanes to the island. 

In a Thursday phone call between the leaders of the two superpowers, the Chinese premier said he firmly opposes Taiwan independence and the interference of external forces. 

Biden expressed the US stance on the issue has not changed, according to a read out of the meeting.

'On Taiwan, President Biden underscored that the United States policy has not changed and that the United States strongly opposes unilateral efforts to change the status quo or undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait,' the readout states.

'If she goes, there will definitely be a Taiwan Strait crisis, and it will definitely exceed the last one in 1995-1996,' Wu Xinbo, director of the Center for American Studies at Fudan University in Shanghai, told the Financial Times. 

'That is because China's military capabilities by far exceed those of 26 years ago.'

Even so, most analysts believe China would be keen to avoid open military conflict with the US, which has military bases dotted around the region and the USS Ronald Reagan carrier group in the South China Sea. 

In spite of this reticence, the PLA has flown growing numbers of fighter planes and bombers near Taiwan and has in the past fired missiles into shipping lanes to the island.

Taiwan and China split in 1949 after a civil war that ended with a communist victory on the mainland.

The two governments say they are one country but disagree over which is entitled to national leadership. They have no official relations but are linked by billions of dollars in trade and investment.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

The next 12-24 hours China will start military drills around Taiwan with live rounds, World News.

Me being a USAF vet I can't help be a little irritated that China is going to do this. Because Nancy Pelosi visited for about 24 hours, China announced punishment military drills with live rounds will take place. Well, she left a few hours ago and I expect I may be woken by Chinese or Taiwan military jets overhead again. Over the years, Chinese bombers armed with nukes have flown over us, daily Chinese fighter jets have come into Taiwan airspace, sometimes over cities, but Taiwan gov denies that. Also every time a Chinese jet shoots down a Taiwan jet, Taiwan gov announces it was pilot error, even though a pilot came out and said he was shot down by a fighter jet on Taiwan TV news...the gov retracted his statement. Taiwan tries to keep low key, but the time has come. Tomorrow is going to be bad. 

I will post updates to whats taking place. If I see dog fighting in the skies I will post video and keep you up to date. 

Everyone is a bit stressed out. Worried, that this may be the big one...where China takes over Taiwan. I hope Pelosi meant what she said about the US supporting us, otherwise, we are lost tomorrow. Taiwan cannot stand alone, and everyone here knows that too. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Large UFO Seen Leaving What Appears to be The Moon's Atmosphere?

Large UFO caught leaving the moon, It appears to be punching through what little atmosphere the moon has as it leaves check it out and give me your opinion.

Video Source

• https://www.tiktok.com/search?lang=en...

(Did You Know) The Moon does have an atmosphere The three primary gases in the lunar atmosphere are neon, helium, and hydrogen, in roughly equal amounts. Small amounts of methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and water were also detected.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

What were those mysterious lights seen across San Diego?

What were those mysterious lights seen across San Diego?

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

NOTE PETER2011

San Diego flashing lights mystery finally has an explanation

The puzzling phenomenon was reportedly seen in San Diego and Tijuana

The mysterious lights floating over San Diego finally have an explanation.

On Monday evening, strange patterns of moving lights were seen floating above the city. Images and videos of the phenomenon quickly garnered attention on social media.

Strange lights in the San Diego sky prompted questions from social media users on Monday. 

( Sam Zarate / Local News X / TMX)

The levitating lights, described as orange in hue and in a definitive pattern, baffled observers who were left unconvinced that they were of natural origins — some others even suspected unidentified flying objects (UFOs) or alien origins, but the U.S. Coast Guard said they were actually from flares fired from a ship off the coast, KABC reported.

The puzzling pixels were reportedly from naval crews conducting flare training with expired flares, the Coast Guard said, per KGTV.

• SAN DIEGO SKIES LIGHT UP WITH MYSTERY LIGHTS, PROMPTING QUESTIONS FROM LOCALS

The lights were also reportedly seen in nearby Tijuana.

A witness told KGTV that she saw planes in the sky and boats in the water. She said the strange lights were brighter than the lights on the planes and those on the boat.

The witness, Natasha Reichart, also said the lights were definitively moving.

"These were coming back and going, moving different directions, and all of a sudden coming as a cluster together," Reichart told the outlet. "It was definitely not of this world."

Many people similarly online claimed to see the lights move or change formation

"Multiple floating lights over the ocean. Very still, very bright. Orange, reddish light. Patterns of 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6," the user wrote.

Despite an official explanation, some people are still speculating the lights were not flares.

source: https://www.foxnews.com/ 

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

The universe keeps dying and being reborn, claims Nobel Prize winner

Sir Roger Penrose claims our universe has been through multiple Big Bangs, with more coming. Sir Roger Penrose, a mathematician and physicist from the University of Oxford who has just shared this year's Nobel Prize in physics, claims our universe has gone through multiple Big Bangs, with another one coming in our future.

• Updated version of the previous article.

Penrose received the Nobel for his working out mathematical methods that proved and expanded Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, and for his discoveries on black holes, which showed how objects that become too dense undergo gravitational collapse into singularities – points of infinite mass.

As he accepted the Prize, Penrose reiterated his belief in what he called "a crazy theory of mine" that the universe will expand until all matter will ultimately decay. And then a new Big Bang will bring a new universe into existence.

"The Big Bang was not the beginning," Penrose said in an interview with The Telegraph. "There was something before the Big Bang and that something is what we will have in our future. "What proof does the physicist have for this theory he dubbed "conformal cyclic cosmology" (CCC) that goes against the current Big Bang dogma? 

He said he discovered six "warm" sky points (called "Hawking Points") which are all about eight times larger than the diameter of the Moon. The late Professor Stephen Hawking, whose name they bear, proposed that black holes "leak" radiation and would eventually evaporate. As this might take longer than the age of the universe we are currently inhabiting (13.77 billion years old), spotting such holes is very unlikely.

Penrose (89), who collaborated with Hawking, thinks that we are, in fact, able to observe "dead" black holes left by previous universes or "aeons". If proven correct, this would also validate Hawking's theories.

The physicist's 2020 paper, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, offers evidence of "anomalous circular spots" in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) that have raised temperatures. The data revealing the spots came from Planck 70 GHz satellite and was confirmed by up to 10,000 simulations. Penrose's 2018 paper pinpointed radiation hot spots in the CMB as possibly being produced by evaporating black holes.

 A 2010 paper by Penrose and Vahe Gurzadyan from the Yerevan Physics Institute in Armenia found support for cyclic cosmology in the uniform temperature rings within the CMB. The scientists proposed then that the rings were caused by signatures of gravitational waves from colliding black holes in a universe that preceded ours.

These ideas are controversial within the cosmologist community, with some pointing to the difficulty of conforming an infinitely big universe in one aeon to a super-small one in the next. This would necessitate making all particles lose mass as the universe gets old.

Check out Penrose's most recent paper, titled "Apparent evidence for Hawking points in the CMB Sky" here.

For another fascinating Penrose theory, check out his views on the quantum-level origins of our consciousness.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.thespaceacademy.org/ }

'Climate endgame' warning: Scientists warn global warming could trigger nuclear war, financial crisis or an extinction-level pandemic as soon as 2070

• Researchers used modelling to estimate the consequences of 3°C warming

• They suggest areas of extreme heat will cover two billion people by 2070

• These areas are some of the most politically fragile and most densely populated

By SHIVALI BEST FOR MAILONLINE 

With global temperatures continuing to rise, a new study has warned that we are inching dangerously close to a 'climate endgame'.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge claim that global heating could trigger nuclear war, financial crisis or an extinction-level pandemic as soon as 2070.

Based on their findings, the researchers are calling for authorities to start preparing for such events.

'There are plenty of reasons to believe climate change could become catastrophic, even at modest levels of warming,' said Dr Luke Kemp, lead author of the study.

Researchers from the University of Cambridge claim that global heating could trigger nuclear war, financial crisis or an extinction-level pandemic as soon as 2070 

'Climate change has played a role in every mass extinction event. It has helped fell empires and shaped history. Even the modern world seems adapted to a particular climate niche.

'Paths to disaster are not limited to the direct impacts of high temperatures, such as extreme weather events. 

'Knock-on effects such as financial crises, conflict, and new disease outbreaks could trigger other calamities, and impede recovery from potential disasters such as nuclear war.'

In the study, the team used modelling to estimate the consequences of 3°C (5.4°F) warming and beyond.

Their estimations indicate that areas of extreme heat where annual average temperatures are over 29°C (84°F) will cover two billion people by 2070.

Worryingly, these areas are some of the most politically fragile, as well as the most densely populated, according to the team.

'Average annual temperatures of 29 degrees currently affect around 30 million people in the Sahara and Gulf Coast,' said co-author Chi Xu of Nanjing University.

'By 2070, these temperatures and the social and political consequences will directly affect two nuclear powers, and seven maximum containment laboratories housing the most dangerous pathogens.

'There is serious potential for disastrous knock-on effects.'

The researchers propose that research is needed in four key areas, which they call the 'four horsemen' of the climate endgame.

These are famine and malnutrition, extreme weather, conflict, and vector-borne diseases.

This map shows the overlap between state fragility, extreme heat, and nuclear and biological catastrophic hazards

Co-author Professor Kristie Ebi from the University of Washington said: 'We need an interdisciplinary endeavour to understand how climate change could trigger human mass morbidity and mortality.' 

Global food supply is at threat amid rising temperatures, with increasing risk of 'breadbasket failures' as the world's most agriculturally productive areas suffer 'collective meltdowns', according to the researchers.

More extreme weather could also create conditions for new disease outbreaks, as habitats for both people and wildlife shift and shrink.

Meanwhile, the risk of 'interacting' threats such as democratic breakdowns and new forms of destructive AI weaponry is also likely to increase alongside rising temperature.

For example, the researchers say that 'warm wars' could become common, in which technologically enhanced superpowers fight over both dwindling carbon space and giant experiments to deflect sunlight and reduce global temperatures.

'The more we learn about how our planet functions, the greater the reason for concern,' said co-author Prof Johan Rockström, Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.

'We increasingly understand that our planet is a more sophisticated and fragile organism. 

'We must do the math of disaster in order to avoid it.'

Professor Kemp concluded: 'We know that temperature rise has a "fat tail", which means a wide range of lower probability but potentially extreme outcomes. 

'Facing a future of accelerating climate change while remaining blind to worst-case scenarios is naive risk-management at best and fatally foolish at worst.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

{ https://www.theguardian.com/ }

Former Navy Fighter Pilot Ryan Graves Speaks on Fighter Jets, UFOs and Aliens - Lex Fridman Video Podcast 308

Lt. Ryan Graves is a former Navy fighter pilot, who has worked on advanced research and development programs for DARPA, Office of Naval Research and Air Force Research Labs.

For this 1 August 2022 video, Lt. Graves talks on topics of multi-agent collaborative autonomy, AI-assisted air-to-air combat and manned-unmanned teaming technologies. He and other people in his squadron have detected and engaged with UFOs on multiple occasions, and Lt. Graves remains one of the few fighter pilots willing to speak publicly about these experiences. 

• https://youtu.be/qLDp-aYnR1Y

OUTLINE:

0:00 – Introduction
1:18 – Top Gun analysis
14:23 – Fighter jets
1:01:50 – UFO sightings
1:28:18 – Congressional hearing
1:36:19 – Tic Tac UFO & Gimbal UFO
1:50:45 – Alien life
2:04:07 – Autonomous weapon systems
2:21:15 – Advice for young people
2:29:30 – Meaning of life

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Caught U.S. Speaker Nancy Pelosi Plane Landing, Taipei, Taiwan, Video, Aug 2, 2022 World News.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }