Over 800 Ancient Monuments Found in Polish Forest with LiDAR!

One of the last primeval forests in Europe, Białowieża forest in Poland, is the subject of a fascinating new LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey. It has yielded a vast and incredible array of hidden treasures from prehistory all the way up until World War II, including 577 ancient burial barrows, 246 charcoal kiln sites, 54 tar plants, 19 complexes of ancient farmlands, 51 semi-dugouts and 17 war cemeteries.  

Some of the mounds are dated to the early Middle Ages, but most are from the Roman period, i.e., 2nd – 5th century AD. In total, the 800+ ancient monuments are of various functions, as explained by the team of scientists and archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University (IA UKSW) in Warsaw.

The project was headed by Prof. Przemysław Urbańczyk. They have brought to a close a lengthy 5 year research project of the Polish half of the Białowieża Forest, which lies on the border with Belarus, reports PAP. The research has been funded by the National Science Center of Poland.

• LIDAR Identifies Vast Complexes Of A Lost Amazonian Civilization in Bolivia
• LiDAR Tech Unearths “Supertantalizing” Hidden Tikal Architecture

Białowieża Forest in Poland 

(bennytrapp / Adobe Stock)

LiDAR and Determining the Functionality of Mounds

"Thanks to the use of innovative research methods, combined with numerous natural analyzes, we have obtained, despite the initial pessimism, amazing results”, the main project coordinator, Dr. Joanna Wawrzeniek from the IA UKSW told PAP. “In accordance with the current conservation doctrine, we mainly used non-invasive tests. The output information was provided by aerial laser scanning,” she added.

Aerial laser scanning is a highly efficient non-invasive research method, that allows for a comfortable bypassing of the need for archaeological excavations, by allowing a top-down view of the topography. Dense forests and tough terrain do not act as a hindrance and allow for all kinds of structures to be seen and identified – natural and human-made (like burial structures and mounds for example).

The purpose of the ancient barrows in the Polish forest is not certain, but they are thought to be burial mounds. This is where LiDAR’s efficiency draws a line. Therefore, archival queries, geophysical surveys, drilling, and survey research methods were also employed.

Mounds from the Middle Ages contained skeleton and cremation burials, but the ones from the ancient periods lacked human remains, reports Heritage Daily and may have been ritualistic .

Some of the ancient structures spotted with LiDAR in Białowieża Forest in Poland

(M. Szubski, M. Jakubczak)

Occupation Through Time

Earlier on in pre-history, people inhabited the forest on small elevations that had access to a river or a stream, which could be places inhabited for a long time. Evidence of habitation is also gained from two structures, first of which is located in the Strict Reserve of the Białowieża National Park, and the other is in the Wilczy Jar Forest District.

They did not play a defensive role, or act as strongholds, but are more likely to have played some kind of ritualistic role. Only archaeological excavations can provide insight into what this ritualistic role potentially could be.

The first structure that was examined has a diameter of 36 meters (118.1 feet), with a small embankment that is 3 meters (9.8 feet) wide. From this structure, Slavic pottery from the early and late Middle Ages was found, along with ancient flint relics. The second structure was less than half of the first in diameter – 17 meters (55.77 feet). Here, there is evidence of the site being used in two distinct periods – first in prehistory (4th-3rd century BC), and the second from the 7 ^th-10^th century AD.

The second structure had, alongside it, a compact pavement, a shallow pit, and traces of a dowel discovered on the embankment. Also found was the fragment of a courtyard, with lightly burned animal bones in the vicinity. It also possessed a vessel from the Roman period, though there was no other proof of occupation from the Roman period.

Further publications are planned, which will describe the results of this exciting archaeological research, and with over 800 monuments discovered, there is still much to be revealed!

• Top image: An ancient burial mound in Poland, Tumuli in Wesiory (representational image). Artur Henryk / Adobe Stock

By Sahir Pandey

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/human-origins }

Time travel is possible… but only to parallel universes?

Zack White

From HG Wells’ “The Time Machine” to the “Back to the Future” franchise, time travel has been a hallmark of science fiction for more than a century.

Part of its appeal has been that famous physicists like Albert Einstein have come up with theories that explain weather phenomena in ways that don’t rule out the possibility of time travel.

Einstein’s special theory of relativity proposes that time moves relative to an observer and is an illusion.

In his 1905 theory, space and time combined into a singular entity known as “space-time”, which physicists have been able to verify.

However, in an article published in The Conversation , Barak Shoshany, an assistant professor of physics at Brock University in Canada, wrote about the possibility of time travel, but with certain conditions.

One of the biggest obstacles to time travel is the practical requirement of “exotic matter,” which is matter with negative energy, as opposed to the matter around us, which consists of positive energy.

However, Professor Shoshany adds that there is no evidence that it is impossible to create exotic matter in sufficient quantities.

“In addition, other equations can be discovered that allow time travel without requiring exotic matter,” explains Professor Shoshany.

Another hurdle is the possibility of time paradoxes, where an action done in the past could have ripple effects in the present that undo the need for time travel.

A classic example of this is the famous “ grandfather paradox ”, where pundits ponder whether a time traveler would cease to exist if he went back in time to kill his grandfather when he was young.

“In physics, a paradox is not an event that can actually happen, it is a purely theoretical concept that points to an inconsistency in the theory itself,” adds the Canadian physicist.

“In other words, the paradoxes of consistency not only imply that time travel is a dangerous endeavor, but that it simply cannot be possible.”

Theoretical physicist Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov attempted to solve the problem of time travel paradoxes with a self-consistency conjecture, which essentially states that you can travel to the past, but you cannot change it.

But Professor Shoshany, along with his students Jacob Hauser and Jared Wogan studied time travel, and in a recent study they discovered that there are time travel paradoxes that the Novikov conjecture cannot resolve.

“We show that allowing for multiple histories (or in more familiar terms, parallel timelines) can resolve paradoxes that the Novikov conjecture cannot,” Shoshany writes.

“In fact, it can solve any paradox you throw at it.”

According to his theory, when a person steps out of a time machine, they arrive in a different timeline, where they can do whatever they want, including destroying their time machine five minutes before they were supposed to use it.

In this theory, changes to this new timeline would have no effect on the original timeline.

“After working on time travel paradoxes for the past three years, I have become increasingly convinced that time travel might be possible, but only if our universe can allow multiple histories to coexist,” he continues. explaining the physical

The team of researchers now seeks to formulate a concrete theory of time travel that complies with the law of general relativity.

Professor Shoshany adds that even if they do manage to find such a theory, this would not be enough to prove that time travel is possible, but it would at least mean that time travel is not ruled out by consistency paradoxes.

In short: multiple timelines would allow you to travel to a different timeline and kill your grandparents, let’s ignore the ‘why’ for the sake of debate, without causing a paradox.

Of course, once this happens, there is no reason to believe that that Universe will continue exactly as ours has.

It is likely that the “butterfly effect” of your arrival has changed it, it is also likely that you have selected a limited number of similarities, no matter how great they are.

Still, this would be a (still extremely far-fetched) way to experience the past, without affecting the present or creating paradoxes.

RELATED  VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousociety.com/ }

Every Black Hole Contains Another Universe – Equations Predict

Like part of a cosmic Russian doll, our universe may be perfectly nested inside a black hole that is itself part of a larger universe. In turn, all the black holes found so far in our universe—from the microscopic to the supermassive—may be ultimate doorways into alternate realities.

According to a mind-bending new theory, a black hole is actually a tunnel between universes—a type of wormhole. The matter the black hole attracts doesn’t collapse into a single point, as has been predicted, but rather gushes out a “white hole” at the other end of the black one, the theory goes.

In a paper published in the journal Physics Letters B, Indiana University physicist Nikodem Poplawski presents new mathematical models of the spiraling motion of matter falling into a black hole. His equations suggest such wormholes are viable alternatives to the “space-time singularities” that Albert Einstein predicted to be at the centers of black holes.

According to Einstein’s equations for general relativity, singularities are created whenever matter in a given region gets too dense, as would happen at the ultra-dense heart of a black hole. 

Einstein’s theory suggests singularities take up no space, are infinitely dense, and are infinitely hot—a concept supported by numerous lines of indirect evidence but still so outlandish that many scientists find it hard to accept. If Poplawski is correct, they may no longer have to.

According to the new equations, the matter black holes absorb and seemingly destroy is actually expelled and becomes the building blocks for galaxies, stars, and planets in another reality.

You can read the complete article here.

Like part of a cosmic Russian doll, our universe may be nested inside a black hole that is itself part of a larger universe.

In turn, all the black holes found so far in our universe—from the microscopic to the supermassive—may be doorways into alternate realities.

According to a mind-bending new theory, a black hole is actually a tunnel between universes—a type of wormhole. The matter the black hole attracts doesn't collapse into a single point, as has been predicted, but rather gushes out a "white hole" at the other end of the black one, the theory goes.

• (Related: "New Proof Unknown 'Structures' Tug at Our Universe.")

In a recent paper published in the journal Physics Letters B, Indiana University physicist Nikodem Poplawski presents new mathematical models of the spiraling motion of matter falling into a black hole. His equations suggest such wormholes are viable alternatives to the "space-time singularities" that Albert Einstein predicted to be at the centers of black holes.

According to Einstein's equations for general relativity, singularities are created whenever matter in a given region gets too dense, as would happen at the ultradense heart of a black hole.

Einstein's theory suggests singularities take up no space, are infinitely dense, and are infinitely hot—a concept supported by numerous lines of indirect evidence but still so outlandish that many scientists find it hard to accept.

If Poplawski is correct, they may no longer have to.

According to the new equations, the matter black holes absorb and seemingly destroy is actually expelled and becomes the building blocks for galaxies, stars, and planets in another reality.

• (Related: "Dark Energy's Demise? New Theory Doesn't Use the Force.")

Wormholes Solve Big Bang Mystery?

The notion of black holes as wormholes could explain certain mysteries in modern cosmology, Poplawski said.

If our universe was birthed by a white hole instead of a singularity, Poplawski said, "it would solve this problem of black hole singularities and also the big bang singularity."

Wormholes might also explain gamma ray bursts, the second most powerful explosions in the universe after the big bang.

Gamma ray bursts occur at the fringes of the known universe. They appear to be associated with supernovae, or star explosions, in faraway galaxies, but their exact sources are a mystery. (Related: "Gamma-Ray Burst Caused Mass Extinction?")

Poplawski proposes that the bursts may be discharges of matter from alternate universes. The matter, he says, might be escaping into our universe through supermassive black holes—wormholes—at the hearts of those galaxies, though it's not clear how that would be possible.

"It's kind of a crazy idea, but who knows?" he said. (Related: "Are Wormholes Tunnels for Time Travel?")

There is at least one way to test Poplawski's theory: Some of our universe's black holes rotate, and if our universe was born inside a similarly revolving black hole, then our universe should have inherited the parent object's rotation.

If future experiments reveal that our universe appears to rotate in a preferred direction, it would be indirect evidence supporting his wormhole theory, Poplawski said.

Wormholes Are "Exotic Matter" Makers?

The wormhole theory may also help explain why certain features of our universe deviate from what theory predicts, according to physicists.

Based on the standard model of physics, after the big bang the curvature of the universe should have increased over time so that now—13.7 billion years later—we should seem to be sitting on the surface of a closed, spherical universe.

What's more, data on light from the very early universe show that everything just after the big bang was a fairly uniform temperature.

That would mean that the farthest objects we see on opposite horizons of the universe were once close enough to interact and come to equilibrium, like molecules of gas in a sealed chamber.

Again, observations don't match predictions, because the objects farthest from each other in the known universe are so far apart that the time it would take to travel between them at the speed of light exceeds the age of the universe.

To explain the discrepancies, astronomers devised the concept of inflation.

Inflation states that shortly after the universe was created, it experienced a rapid growth spurt during which space itself expanded at faster-than-light speeds. The expansion stretched the universe from a size smaller than an atom to astronomical proportions in a fraction of a second.

The universe therefore appears flat, because the sphere we're sitting on is extremely large from our viewpoint—just as the sphere of Earth seems flat to someone standing in a field.

Inflation also explains how objects so far away from each other might have once been close enough to interact.

But—assuming inflation is real—astronomers have always been at pains to explain what caused it. That's where the new wormhole theory comes in.

According to Poplawski, some theories of inflation say the event was caused by "exotic matter," a theoretical substance that differs from normal matter, in part because it is repelled rather than attracted by gravity.

Based on his equations, Poplawski thinks such exotic matter might have been created when some of the first massive stars collapsed and became wormholes.

"There may be some relationship between the exotic matter that forms wormholes and the exotic matter that triggered inflation," he said.

• (Related: "Before the Big Bang: Light Shed on 'Previous Universe.'")

Wormhole Equations an "Actual Solution"

The new model isn't the first to propose that other universes exist inside black holes. Damien Easson, a theoretical physicist at Arizona State University, has made the speculation in previous studies.

"What is new here is an actual wormhole solution in general relativity that acts as the passage from the exterior black hole to the new interior universe," said Easson, who was not involved in the new study.

"In our paper, we just speculated that such a solution could exist, but Poplawski has found an actual solution," said Easson, referring to Poplawski's equations.

• (Related: "Universe 20 Million Years Older Than Thought.")

Nevertheless, the idea is still very speculative, Easson said in an email.

"Is the idea possible? Yes. Is the scenario likely? I have no idea. But it is certainly an interesting possibility."

Future work in quantum gravity—the study of gravity at the subatomic level—could refine the equations and potentially support or disprove Poplawski's theory, Easson said.

Wormhole Theory No Breakthrough

Overall, the wormhole theory is interesting, but not a breakthrough in explaining the origins of our universe, said Andreas Albrecht, a physicist at the University of California, Davis, who was also not involved in the new study.

By saying our universe was created by a gush of matter from a parent universe, the theory simply shifts the original creation event into an alternate reality.

In other words, it doesn't explain how the parent universe came to be or why it has the properties it has—properties our universe presumably inherited.

"There're really some pressing problems we're trying to solve, and it's not clear that any of this is offering a way forward with that," he said.

Still, Albrecht doesn't find the idea of universe-bridging wormholes any stranger than the idea of black hole singularities, and he cautions against dismissing the new theory just because it sounds a little out there.

"Everything people ask in this business is pretty weird," he said. "You can't say the less weird [idea] is going to win, because that's not the way it's been, by any means."

{ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/ }

{http://amazingastronomy.thespaceacademy.org/ }

Astronomer Have Discovered A Mysterious Object, Which Is 570 Billion Times Brighter Than The Sun

So bright that it pushes the energy limit of physics.

Billions of light years away, there is a giant ball of hot gas that is brighter than hundreds of billions of suns. It is hard to imagine something so bright. So what is it? Astronomers are not really sure, but they have a couple theories.

They think it may be a very rare type of supernova — called a magnetar — but one so powerful that it pushes the energy limits of physics, or in other words, the most powerful supernova ever seen as of today.

This object is so luminous that astronomers are having a really difficult time finding a way to describe it. “If it really is a magnetar, it's as if nature took everything we know about magnetars and turned it up to 11,” said Krzysztof Stanek, professor of astronomy at Ohio State University and the team's co-principal investigator, comedically implying it is off the charts on a scale of 1 to 10.The object was first spotted by the All Sky Automated Survey of Supernovae (ASAS-SN or “assassin”), which is a small network of telescopes used to detect bright objects in the universe. Although this object is ridiculously bright, it still can’t be seen by the naked eye because it is 3.8 billion light years away.

ASAS-SN, since it began in 2014, has discovered nearly 250 supernovae, however this discovery, ASASSN-15lh, stands out because of its sheer magnitude. It is 200 times more powerful than the average supernova, 570 billion times brighter than the sun, and 20 times brighter than all the stars in the Milky Way Galaxy combined.

“We have to ask, how is that even possible?” said Stanek. “It takes a lot of energy to shine that bright, and that energy has to come from somewhere.”

Todd Thompson, professor of astronomy at Ohio State, has one possible explanation. The supernova could have generated an extremely rare type of star called a millisecond magnetar — a rapidly spinning and very dense star with a crazy strong magnetic field.

This is how crazy magnetars are: to shine as bright as it does, this magnetar would have to spin at least 1,000 times a second, and convert all of that rotational energy to light with pretty much 100 percent efficiency — making it the most extreme example of a magnetar that is physically possible.

Given those constraints,” Thompson said, “will we ever see anything more luminous than this? If it truly is a magnetar, then the answer is basically no.”

Over the coming months, the Hubble Space Telescope will try to solve this mystery by giving astronomers time to see the host galaxy surrounding this object. The team may find that this bright object lies in the very center of a large galaxy — meaning the object is not a magnetar at all — and the gas around it is actually evidence of a supermassive black hole.

If that is the case, then the bright light could be explained by a new kind of event, said study co-author Christopher Kochanek, professor of astronomy at Ohio State. It would be something that has never, ever been seen before at the center of a galaxy.

Whether it is a magnetar, a supermassive black hole, or something else entirely, the results are probably going to lead to new thinking about how objects form in the universe.

{ https://blog.physics-astronomy.com/ }

Dit is de beste close-upfoto van Europa in decennia (en de chaos is niet te missen)

Ruimtesonde Juno scheerde vorige week rakelings langs de maan Europa en toen kon het ijsmaantje zijn verfomfaaide uiterlijk echt niet langer verhullen.

 CAROLINE KRAAIJVANGER

Dat de scheervlucht in mooie close-upbeelden heeft geresulteerd, is geen verrassing. Vorige week lichtte NASA namelijk al een tipje van de sluier op door onderstaande foto vrij te geven.

Afbeelding: NASA / JPL-Caltech / SWRI / MSSS.

Op deze foto zien we een gebied iets ten noorden van de evenaar, ook wel aangeduid als Annwn Regio. “Het is nog een beetje vroeg, maar alles wijst erop dat Juno’s scheervlucht langs Europa een groot succes was,” vertelde Scott Bolton, hoofdonderzoeker van Juno, toen. “Deze eerste foto geeft slechts een glimp van de nieuwe inzichten die zullen voortkomen uit de gegevens die Juno tijdens zijn scheervlucht langs de ijzige maan verzamelde.”

Nieuwe foto
En nu heeft NASA dus een nieuw kiekje vrijgegeven. Voor deze foto heeft Juno nog wat verder op het oppervlak van Jupiters maan Europa ingezoomd en wordt de totale chaos die daar heerst nog beter zichtbaar.

Beetje licht in de nacht
Op de foto zien we een gebied dat ongeveer 150 bij 200 kilometer groot is. Ruimtesonde Juno fotografeerde het gebied toen deze zo’n 412 kilometer van het oppervlak van Europa verwijderd was en terwijl deze met een snelheid van zo’n 24 kilometer per seconde langs de maan vloog. Op dat moment was het nacht op het stukje Europa dat je hier ziet. Gelukkig werd het stukje oppervlak toch nog enigszins belicht en wel door zonlicht dat door de wolkentoppen van Jupiter gereflecteerd werd.

Afbeelding: NASA / JPL-Caltech / SwRI.

Dankzij dat kleine beetje licht is het oppervlak toch nog goed zichtbaar. Dat oppervlak bestaat uit ijs; Europa is namelijk bedekt met een kilometers dikke ijskap. Dat ‘jasje’ van ijs is echter tamelijk verfomfaaid; het wordt gekenmerkt door breuken en richels. En dat is op de close-upbeelden van Juno wel heel goed te zien.

Breuken
Zo zien we tal van dunne lijntjes over het oppervlak lopen. Dat zijn breuken in de ijskap. Wat daarnaast opvalt, zijn de lijnen die in tweetallen en paralel aan elkaar over het oppervlak lopen. Het zijn waarschijnlijk omlijnde verhogingen of richels in de ijskap. Ook zijn op de foto donkere vlekken te zien. Onderzoekers vermoeden dat ze ontstaan zijn door erupties, waarbij materiaal afkomstig van onder de ijskap aan het oppervlak komt.

Waardevol
“Deze foto onthult een gebied dat we nog niet eerder in zo’n hoge resolutie en onder zo’n onthullende belichting, in beeld hebben gebracht, in ongelofelijk detail,” stelt onderzoeker Heidi Becker. “Deze oppervlaktekenmerken zijn zo intrigerend. Een beter begrip van hoe ze ontstaan zijn – en hoe ze in de geschiedenis van Europa passen – kan ons weer vertellen welke interne en externe krachten de ijskap vormgeven.”

Uniek
De beelden zijn daarmee heel waardevol én tamelijk uniek. De laatste keer dat een ruimtesonde Europa van zo dichtbij bekeek, is alweer twee decennia geleden. Toen scheerde ruimtesonde Galileo langs Europa.

Europa mag zich de komende tijd in aanzienlijk meer aandacht verheugen. Zo maakt NASA zich zelfs op voor een missie waarin de maan centraal staat; in 2024 moet ruimtesonde Europa Clipper koers zetten richting de ijzige maan, om daar vervolgens in 2030 aan te komen. De sonde moet onder meer uit gaan zoeken hoe leefbaar Europa is. Want hoewel de maan met die kilometersdikke ijskap niet meteen heel gastvrij lijkt, wordt deze toch gezien als één van de beste kandidaten voor leven. Onder de ijskap lijkt namelijk een vloeibare oceaan schuil te gaan waarin de omstandigheden – voor zover we dat nu in kunnen schatten – gunstig kunnen zijn voor het ontstaan en gedijen van leven.

Bronmateriaal:

• "NASA’s Juno Gets Highest-Resolution Close-Up of Jupiter’s Moon Europa" - NASA
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: NASA / JPL-Caltech / SwRI

{ https://scientias.nl/ }

In Ancient Mesopotamia, Sex Among The Gods Shook Heaven And Earth

The “Burney Relief,” which is believed to represent either Ishtar, the Mesopotamian goddess of love and war, or her older sister Ereshkigal, Queen of the underworld (c. 19th or 18th century BC).

Credit: British Museum

Sexuality was central to life in ancient Mesopotamia, an area of the Ancient Near East often described as the cradle of western civilisation roughly corresponding to modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, and parts of Syria, Iran and Turkey. It was not only so for everyday humans but for kings and even deities.

Mesopotamian deities shared many human experiences, with gods marrying, procreating and sharing households and familial duties. However when love went wrong, the consequences could be dire in both heaven and on earth.

Scholars have observed the similarities between the divine “marriage machine” found in ancient literary works and the historical courtship of mortals, although it is difficult to disentangle the two, most famously in so-called “sacred marriages”, which saw Mesopotamian kings marrying deities.

Divine sex

Gods, being immortal and generally of superior status to humans, did not strictly need sexual intercourse for population maintenance, yet the practicalities of the matter seem to have done little to curb their enthusiasm.

Sexual relationships between Mesopotamian deities provided inspiration for a rich variety of narratives. These include Sumerian myths such as Enlil and Ninlil and Enki and Ninhursag, where the complicated sexual interactions between deities was shown to involve trickery, deception and disguise.

In both myths, a male deity adopts a disguise, and then attempts to gain sexual access to the female deity — or to avoid his lover’s pursuit. In the first, the goddess Ninlil follows her lover Enlil down into the Underworld, and barters sexual favours for information on Enlil’s whereabouts. The provision of a false identity in these myths is used to circumnavigate societal expectations of sex and fidelity.

Sexual betrayal could spell doom not only for errant lovers but for the whole of society. When the Queen of the Underworld, Ereshkigal, is abandoned by her lover, Nergal, she threatens to raise the dead unless he is returned to her, alluding to her right to sexual satiety.

The goddess Ishtar makes the same threat in the face of a romantic rejection from the king of Uruk in the Epic of Gilgamesh. It is interesting to note that both Ishtar and Ereshkigal, who are sisters, use one of the most potent threats at their disposal to address matters of the heart.

The plots of these myths highlight the potential for deceit to create alienation between lovers during courtship. The less-than-smooth course of love in these myths, and their complex use of literary imagery, have drawn scholarly comparisons with the works of Shakespeare.

Love poetry

Ancient authors of Sumerian love poetry, depicting the exploits of divine couples, show a wealth of practical knowledge on the stages of female sexual arousal. It’s thought by some scholars that this poetry may have historically had an educational purpose: to teach inexperienced young lovers in ancient Mesopotamia about intercourse. It’s also been suggested the texts had religious purposes, or possibly magical potency.

Several texts write of the courtship of a divine couple, Inanna (the Semitic equivalent of Ishtar) and her lover, the shepherd deity Dumuzi. The closeness of the lovers is shown through a sophisticated combination of poetry and sensuousness imagery - perhaps providing an edifying example for this year’s Bad Sex in Fiction nominees.

Ancient Sumerian cylinder seal impression showing Dumuzid being tortured in the Underworld by the galla demons. 

Credit: British Museum

In one of the poems, elements of the female lover’s arousal are catalogued, from the increased lubrication of her vulva, to the “trembling” of her climax. The male partner is presented delighting in his partner’s physical form, and speaking kindly to her. The feminine perspective on lovemaking is emphasised in the texts through the description of the goddess’ erotic fantasies. These fantasies are part of the preparations of the goddess for her union, and perhaps contribute to her sexual satisfaction.

Female and male genitals could be celebrated in poetry, the presence of dark pubic hair on the goddess’ vulva is poetically described through the symbolism of a flock of ducks on a well-watered field or a narrow doorway framed in glossy black lapis-lazuli.

The representation of genitals may also have served a religious function: temple inventories have revealed votive models of pubic triangles, some made of clay or bronze. Votive offerings in the shape of vulvae have been found in the city of Assur from before 1000 BC.

Happy goddess, happy kingdom

Divine sex was not the sole preserve of the gods, but could also involve the human king. Few topics from Mesopotamia have captured the imagination as much as the concept of sacred marriage. In this tradition, the historical Mesopotamian king would be married to the goddess of love, Ishtar. There is literary evidence for such marriages from very early Mesopotamia, before 2300 BC, and the concept persevered into much later periods.

The relationship between historical kings and Mesopotamian deities was considered crucial to the successful continuation of earthly and cosmic order. For the Mesopotamian monarch, then, the sexual relationship with the goddess of love most likely involved a certain amount of pressure to perform.

Some scholars have suggested these marriages involved a physical expression between the king and another person (such as a priestess) embodying the goddess. The general view now is that if there were a physical enactment to a sacred marriage ritual it would have been conducted on a symbolic level rather than a carnal one, with the king perhaps sharing his bed with a statue of the deity.

Agricultural imagery was often used to describe the union of goddess and king. Honey, for instance, is described as sweet like the goddess’ mouth and vulva.

A love song from the city of Ur between 2100-2000 BC is dedicated to Shu-Shin, the king, and Ishtar:

In the bedchamber dripping with honey let us enjoy over and over your allure, the sweet thing. Lad, let me do the sweetest things to you. My precious sweet, let me bring you honey.

Sex in this love poetry is depicted as a pleasurable activity that enhanced loving feelings of intimacy. This sense of increased closeness was considered to bring joy to the heart of the goddess, resulting in good fortune and abundance for the entire community — perhaps demonstrating an early Mesopotamian version of the adage “happy wife, happy life”.

The diverse presentation of divine sex creates something of a mystery around the causes for the cultural emphasis on cosmic copulation. While the presentation of divine sex and marriage in ancient Mesopotamia likely served numerous purposes, some elements of the intimate relationships between gods shows some carry-over to mortal unions.

While dishonesty between lovers could lead to alienation, positive sexual interactions held countless benefits, including greater intimacy and lasting happiness.

Written by Louise Pryke - Lecturer, Languages and Literature of Ancient Israel, Macquarie University

{ https://www.ancientpages.com/ }

TicTac During Lightning Storm Over Albuquerque, New Mexico Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: 8-7-2022

Location of sighting: Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

 

UFOs are often recorded around violent weather phenomenon, leading me to conclude that the UFOs are either causing the disturbances or recording data about the effects of violent weather. Its not rare to catch a UFO during lightning storms, its actually very common. Making me think that there must be a base in New Mexico desert somewhere 5km below the ground. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

Videoing lightning and reviewing video and taking screenshots of the lightning. In one of my screenshots there appeared a white tic tax looking object.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Strange UFO light hovering in evening sky and changing direction and light intensity – Canton, MI

Check out this latest UFO sighting video of a bright orb making maneuvers in the night sky above Canton, charter township of Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. This happened yesterday, on 7th October 2022.

Witness report: 

Walking dog at 730 pm on Friday, Oct 7. Evening sky with low cloud cover. Saw a white light hovering in the west over Ridge Rd. in Canton, near Proctor Rd. Light intensity seemed to change, which caught my attention. At first thought it was a drone, but no red or green lights visible. It hovered and moved and changed directions. Flickered out a few times and returned. Started to descend behind houses. Seemed to change to red as descended. No idea what this was. Never seen anything like this. Sound of jets were audible, but didn’t seem to be coming from the light. We live in area with lots of airport traffic overhead. This was too low and slow to be a plane. Took video and tried to convince myself it was a drone, but I’m not so sure.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

MARS

The map above shows the planet Mars during the late Noachian Period, around 3.8 billion years ago, labeled with modern feature names.

Until around 3.5 billion years ago, Mars had a thicker atmosphere and was warmer than the present day, and evidence suggests that liquid water flowed on its surface, carving the many river channels that remain there today. The lakes shown on this map are lakes that are theorized to have existed around this time. In the north was an ocean, though it was probably never as high a sea level as shown here. At the north pole of the red planet was the ocean hundreds of meters deep. It is believed that much of this water was lost to space, carried away over time by the solar wind, and that which remains on Mars today is frozen in the polar ice caps and is also likely to be found frozen and buried across the planet under the surface layer of dust.

{ https://www.nasa.gov/mission }

‘Roswell Was Real’ Claimed Apollo 14 Astronaut: Elizondo Suggests 2 UFOs Crashed That Day

Bryce Zabel, a CNN reporter has done a marvelous job in presenting the detailed Roswell incident in his personal blog. He collectively mentioned top witnesses’ statements that assure Roswell disclosure is on a fast track. The legendary incident that happened in 1947 was indeed real, according to moon-walking astronaut Edgar Mitchell. He claimed in his interviews that he had informants that had told him about the inside story of Roswell, but he never disclosed their names.

“Make no mistake, Roswell happened. I’ve seen secret files which show the government knew about it — but decided not to tell the public,” claimed Edgar Mitchell, Ph.D., Apollo 14 Astronaut.

In February 1971, after the successful completion of the mission, the Apollo 14 crew returned to Earth. Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell became the fifth and sixth astronauts to walk on the moon’s surface. While Shepard chose to live in the glory, Mitchell became the main troublemaker for many years.

He publicly accepted the existence of aliens after being on the Moon and stuck to it until his death. He accused the US government of hiding the truth about contact with aliens. Immediately after his return, Mitchell left NASA and immersed himself in studying UFOs, ancient history, and human consciousness.

Mitchell grew up in the small town of Artesia, a few miles from the very Roswell airbase where the crash allegedly occurred. The astronaut claimed that many of his neighbors, acquaintances, and friends worked at that base, and what he heard from them is enough for him to consider the Roswell incident a real UFO crash. Mitchell did not disclose the names of his informants, referring to the fact that they all signed a non-disclosure agreement and he did not want them to have any problems.

Read also:

• Filmmaker Jeremy Corbell Claimed ‘UFOs & Aliens Are Just Small Part of Larger Reality’
• Ex-CIA Officer’s Alien Encounter: ‘There Is Non-Human Intelligence Living With Us On Earth’
• US Congressman Has Real UFO Photos, Says It’s ‘Disturbing’ & Blamed Pentagon For Cover-Up
• US Attorney Saw Crashed UFO Photos In Classified Version Of Project Blue Book

Michell, who claimed he briefed the highest members of the Pentagon, said the reality is that there was an advanced civilization that could penetrate our air defenses at will and that we could not stop them in any way, shape, or form, immediately doomed the Roswell incident to become one of the greatest coverups in history.

ET stopped Nuclear War

According to Mitchell, he once had a confidential conversation with a Navy admiral, who secretly told him that in fact, aliens had established contact with the government back in the early 1940s. They were interested in earthly weapons, primarily the atomic bomb. At the very beginning of the Cold War between the USSR and the USA, aliens often came to Earth because they feared nuclear war and tried to influence the world elites in some way. (Source)

Growing up in New Mexico gave him a unique insight to the Roswell area, he told the UK’s Mirror in 2015.

“White Sands was a testing ground for atomic weapons – and that’s what the extraterrestrials were interested in… They wanted to know about our military capabilities. My own experience talking to people has made it clear the ETs had been attempting to keep us from going to war and help create peace on Earth.”

According to a 2015 story, Apollo 14 astronaut said: “My own experience talking to people has made it clear the ETs had been attempting to keep us from going to war and help create peace on Earth.”

However, he clarified in his interview with Observer that he did not make those statements but at the same time, he somewhat agreed with those words. He said: “I don’t remember speaking to them personally. I don’t know where they got that information. I didn’t make those statements. Somebody has added to my words. Those weren’t my exact words but I don’t necessarily disagree with those statements.”

However, the 2016 Wikileak emails say Mitchell was worried about space weaponization. Despite the fact that aliens might be violent as shown in various sci-fi, the notable astronaut called them nonviolent in his email. In January 2015, he sent an email to Podesta, asking him to have an urgent meeting to discuss Disclosure and Zero Point Energy (ZPE). He was concerned about the peace in space.

Mitchell wrote: “My Catholic colleague Terri Mansfield will be there too, to bring us up to date on the Vatican’s awareness of ETI. Another colleague is working on a new Space Treaty, citing involvement with Russia and China. However, with Russia’s extreme interference in Ukraine, I believe we must pursue another route for peace in space and ZPE on Earth.”

Mitchell emailed Podesta again on September 18, 2015. He wrote: “Because the War in Space race is heating up, I felt you should be aware of several factors as you and I schedule our Skype talk. Remember, our nonviolent ETI from the contiguous universe are helping us bring zero point energy to Earth. They will not tolerate any forms of military violence on Earth or in space.”

Why Believe the Roswell Crash?

Bryce Zabel writes: “That storyline has hundreds of witnesses testifying to roughly the same fact trail. Some were first-hand witnesses to debris and even the recovery of bodies, and several accounts came from death bed confessions. Many more witnesses were family members who learned of the secret their fathers and husbands had kept inside them for decades. There were many dozens who attested to extremely tight security and transportation of material in the aftermath of what crashed at Roswell.”

Moreover, the hype of Roswell stories has increased. The New York Times started covering this issue in the summer of 2020 and is continuing its investigation into crash wreckage. Besides, the former head of the AATIP Luis Elizondo gave his candid take on the 1947 Roswell crash in New Mexico and more in an interview with the Roswell Daily Record.

Here are some excerpts courtesy of the Roswell Daily Record:

Elizondo: “I’ll share with you… some of the observations that were made by some people. Before I was part of AATIP, I had no idea about Roswell, other than that there was sort of some alleged crash at some point and some farmer found debris — but during my time with AATIP, there was some very interesting anecdotal information that suggests there wasn’t just one crash, there may have been two crashes, and that somehow it may have been related to some sort of testing that was being done at the time at White Sands, and that material was recovered.

And that material that was recovered, samples of that material found their way into the hands of private citizens, some of them, but that the … allegedly the larger sections of debris were all recovered by the U.S. Government.”

During the interview, Elizondo said that while he headed the AATIP, his job was to concentrate on current UAP incidents, however, he added that he had conversations with so-called “graybeards” at the Pentagon who had been involved with UAPs since Project Blue Book. It was from these individuals that Elizondo learned what probably occurred at Roswell in 1947.

Elizondo: ”These individuals were convinced that the events in New Mexico were not fiction. In fact that it was a, very much a real event and that some very exotic material was recovered… And then there was a subsequent effort to try to be very dismissive about what occurred in New Mexico. But again, I will share with you that it was, from my understanding, it wasn’t one, it was two crashes, and it may have been related to some sort of nuclear-type testing of technology that we were doing, atomic and/or nuclear technology at Los Alamos at the time.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

British UFO Expert Claims Aliens Are Advanced Form Of Humans, Hiding Under Ocean

Uranus' weird tilt may be the work of a long-lost moon

By Paul Sutter

Uranus is tipped on its side and scientists aren't sure why. 

(Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXO/University College London/W. Dunn et al; Optical: W.M. Keck Observatory)

Uranus is just plain weird, and one of the weirdest things about it is its tilt. 

Uranus has the largest tilt in the solar system, at 98 degrees, which means it spins almost perfectly perpendicular to the direction of its orbit. Astronomers have long suspected that a series of giant impacts early in the planet's formation did the job of flipping Uranus on its side, but new research suggests a much less violent cause: a satellite of Uranus that wandered away. 

All the planets of the solar system have orbital tilts less than 30 degrees — except Uranus. The whole Uranus system is flipped onto its side, affecting not just the planet's rotation but also its rings and moons, too, which orbit around the planet perpendicular to the planet's motion around the sun.

• Related: Photos of Uranus, the tilted giant planet

The odd tilt of Uranus is especially weird considering that the neighboring ice giant, Neptune, has a normal tilt despite the two likely sharing similar formation histories. So what went wrong for Uranus?

Astronomers have long suspected that at least one giant impact occurred when Uranus was forming. It's easy enough to imagine: The right collision at the right time would deliver enough energy to push Uranus over while it was still in its protoplanetary stage, and the planet never picked itself back up before forming its system of planets and moons. 

And scientists have some evidence to support this picture. The solar system was a rather violent place in its youth, so there are plenty of large rocks around to wreak havoc. And Neptune does display slight differences, such as a different temperature and a set of moons with different characteristics (like Neptune's being much larger), indicating the two planets experienced distinct conditions at some point in their formation.

The unluckiest planet 

But the impact hypothesis has weaknesses, too. 

There wasn't just one large rock whizzing around the early solar system looking for an unlucky target — there were many. All the planets, especially the outer ones, likely suffered many collisions during their formation. Even the inner planets weren't spared; Earth got smacked by a Mars-size protoplanet early on, forming the moon.

So if Uranus got hit hard enough to tip it over, why didn't the other planets? Jupiter and Saturn eventually developed thick clouds of gas, which could, over time, have gotten them upright again. But Neptune had a similar history to Uranus, and despite their small differences the two ice giants are extremely alike: they have similar atmospheres, both have tangled magnetic fields, and have similar sizes, masses and spin rates.

We're left with a dilemma. Perhaps poor Uranus was just extremely unlucky — and there are simulations that support the idea of just the right impact tilting the world. But "pure luck" doesn't really satisfy the typical astronomer; we should exhaust all the other options before resorting to it. 

So perhaps the answer doesn't have anything to do with impacts. Perhaps it has to do with moons, as a team of scientists propose in a new paper accepted for publication in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics and posted to the preprint site the arXiv.org. 

An image of Uranus taken by Voyager 2 on Jan. 14, 1986.  (Image credit: NASA/JPL)

Lost children 

The early solar system did not look much like the solar system of the present day. The giant planets in particular probably formed much closer together and much closer to the sun. Over time, interactions among them and with wandering planetesimals outward, with Uranus and Neptune migrating the farthest. (In fact, some models of the solar system even predict the existence of a fifth massive planet that got ejected during all this migration.)

Each of the giant planets formed with a collection of moons, but those moons got reshuffled as the planets migrated. With all the complicated gravitational dynamics going on, some planets lost moons while others gained new ones.

So Uranus, could have been born with or quickly captured a massive moon. And if the moon was big enough, it could have started playing games with the planet's spin.

Uranus likely started out with a random but small tilt. Over time, that tilt will precess, as astronomers call it, with the direction of the planet's rotation wobbling like a gigantic top. (Earth does the same thing.) Usually, a moon doesn't care about its planet's precession of tilt. But it's possible for a moon to get locked into a resonance pattern, in which the length of time needed to precess matches up with a whole number of orbits of the moon. 

RELATED STORIES:

• Uranus by 2049: Here's why scientists want NASA to send a flagship mission to the strange planet
• Shades of Uranus: Scientists know why the planet and Neptune are different hues of blue
• What would you name a Uranus probe? The internet's answers are about what you'd think 

This resonance allows the gravitational force of the moon to gently tug on the planet, reinforcing the precession. It's like an invisible string attached to the top of the planet: Over the course of millions of years, that tilt gets worse and worse. As this goes on, the moon's orbit would creep steadily closer to the planet.

The researchers found that if Uranus once had a large enough moon, it would, within a few hundred million years, be capable of pulling the planet's tilt over 80 degrees. To finish the job, the satellite would then crash into Uranus, locking the planet's tilt at its present value.

This scenario would explain why Uranus is so unique: it just had a large enough moon, which is common enough, that slipped into resonance — not so common that we should expect the same to happen to Neptune. And then it all went sideways from here.

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{ https://www.space.com/ }

China’s first solar observatory aims to solve mysteries of the Sun’s eruptions

The mission, scheduled to launch on Sunday, will also help to improve forecasts of damaging space weather.

Elizabeth Gibney

• doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03180-y

{ https://www.nature.com/ }

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

 NASA tests giant slingshot SpinLaunch to launch payloads into space

NASA tests a giant 'slingshot', SpinLaunch, and completes its tenth Suborbital Accelerator Flight Test, successfully launching payloads from NASA, Airbus U.S., Cornell University, and Outpost.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

NASA to Test SpinLaunch, a Giant Slingshot for Launching Satellites Into Space

Who needs a rocket when you have a massive centrifuge?

 Eric Mack

The SpinLaunch suborbital launch facility in New Mexico.

SpinLaunch

{ https://www.cnet.com/ }

NASA had Been Designing Lunar Bases for Decades Before Armstrong First Set Foot on the Moon

It’s only natural to look at the Moon and wonder what it would be like to live there. Thanks to Buzz Aldrin who landed there in 1969, we know it’s a magnificent desolation. Even before the Apollo missions science fiction writers and scientists knew how desolate the place was. But, as far back as the late 19th Century, they also saw it as a natural outpost. So did NASA, the former Soviet Union, and their respective militaries. And, that led to people on both sides drawing up elaborate plans for Moon bases.

Illustration of NASA astronauts on the lunar South Pole. Mission ideas we see today have at least some heritage from the early days of the Space Age.

Credit: NASA

Likely these were for strategic uses, but there were also positive scientific reasons to build these outposts. A recent historical treatise published in Acta Aeronautica looked at some of those plans. The ideas behind them, particularly on the U.S. side, were pretty strong. Planners wanted to show the U.S. was absolutely capable of creating the technology to get to the Moon first.

The Military Gets Involved in Lunar Bases

After it was created in 1958, NASA set out to design lunar bases. There were already some interesting proposals floating around the space exploration sector from the U.S. Air Force and the Army. The Air Force’s idea was Project LUMAN in 1958. It comprised a three-part aim of getting military astronauts on the Moon by 1964. The first step was called Man In Space Soonest (MISS). The idea was to get people into space, preferably before the Soviets did. Once the U.S. accomplished that, the plan was to implement LUREC (Lunar Reconnaissance). That would send an orbiter to the Moon. Then, the Manned Lunar Landing and Return phase would start up and eventually put people on the Moon by the 1964 deadline.

Interestingly, Neil Armstrong figured prominently as part of the group of astronauts who would be involved. But, the program as described by the Air Force got canceled and came back to life as Project Mercury. As we all know, Armstrong eventually did fly to space and become the first person to set foot on the Moon.

Not to be left out of the Moon race, the U.S. Army came up with Project Horizon. It was a 1959 feasibility study for a lunar military base. German-U.S. rocket man Wernher von Braun was part of the short-lived project. He went on to be the first director at NASA, and the ideas in the Army study lived on in Project Apollo. That included the development of the Saturn V rocket that took The project led to the development of the Saturn I7 which evolved into the eventual Saturn V.

Bombing the Moon, Looking for Water, and Lunar Mining

Probably one of the more bizarre ideas (that thankfully didn’t materialize) was a secret plan from the Air Force to send a nuclear bomb to the Moon and set it off. The planners had what they suggested were good scientific grounding for such an experiment but, it literally didn’t fly.

Mission planners who weren’t planning to nuke the Moon did come up with good plans for long-term habitation. They designed living modules that would be buried under the lunar regolith. The underground cities would protect the lunar visitors from radiation, meteorite bombardment, and other surface hazards. In addition, the mission teams thought long and hard about utilizing natural resources to extract water, oxygen, and other materials for use by the inhabitants.

Much of that In-situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is part of modern-day mission planning not just for future lunar bases. Mars mission infrastructure benefits from it, too. Many early ideas about lunar mining form part of what NASA hopes will be lunar bases within the decade and Mars habitats in the far future.

Still Looking to the Moon

The history of lunar base mission planning contains many more projects that never made it past the drawing boards in their original form. But, they weren’t totally discarded. They are a reflection of a period in history when the “best and brightest” in two countries faced challenges as they looked toward space.

Nearly 55 years have passed since Neil Armstrong first walked on the Moon. The mission plans he followed may have been born in the first half of the 20th Century, but they set the groundwork for the Apollo missions and beyond. And, the ideas in those plans still echo through to modern scenarios.

Today, we watch the Artemis program slowly make its way through huge challenges, and the Gateway project take shape. New generations of planners are involved: scientists, astronauts, engineers, and others create new and improved lunar settlement plans. And, they aren’t just U.S. plans. China has its eye set on eventual human settlements, for example. Underlying all those scenarios are some of the basic principles first set out by 20th Century planners and well-informed science fiction writers who brought the idea of lunar bases to the public. The dream of lunar bases is still alive.

• Reflections on early lunar base design – From sketch to the first moon landing
• Man in Space Soonest

The post NASA had Been Designing Lunar Bases for Decades Before Armstrong First Set Foot on the Moon appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/157979/nasa-had-been-designing-lunar-bases-for-decades-before-armstrong-first-set-foot-on-the-moon/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

NASA Shoots Moon From Space Station, 1st Ever! Oct 6, 2022, 12 min video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 6, 2022
Location of sighting: Space Station live cam

Caught this today. This unedited raw footage in the video below. NASA astronauts onboard the space station not only tracked the moon, but zoomed in more and more until it filled the screen of the live cam. Wow or wow! I love astronomy! I have Never seen NASA at Space Station live cam do this before...just wanted to share it with you all, added JFK speech because he was responsible for us going to the moon. 🚀 I also see some dark spots pass between the moon and the space station. Maybe they are UFOs, satellites or just alien creatures that have adapted to living in space. Not joking there, they do exist. I just wanted to share a something that NASA has never ever done before...and hopefully...you too will appreciate it as much as I did. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Actual 8-Second Footage Of UFO Landing At Holloman Air Force Base

Due to the increasing number of reported sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) by military aircrews, the US Senate Select Committee for Intelligence has renamed these phenomena as “unidentified aerospace-underwater phenomena.” This clarifies the scope of the agency’s investigations. For instance, the incident involving the Holloman Air Force Base occurred in May 1971.

Due to the nature of the incident, the government only released 8 seconds of the footage that it had captured during the incident to Robert Emenegger, a film maker. The base where the incident occurred is located in New Mexico. It is about six miles southwest of Alamogordo, and is known for being one of the US Air Force’s facilities in the state.

Robert Emenegger

In 1971, Emenegger and Allan Sandler were invited by the government to discuss the possibility of a UFO sighting at the Norton Air Force Base in California. The two were then tasked with creating a documentary about the incident.

No official explanation has been given as to why the government allowed the release of secret footage of the incident for the purpose of a documentary film. It’s believed that the Nixon administration wanted to show its scientific capabilities during the 1972 presidential election.

According to Emenegger, the Air Force officials who invited him to their base promised him that they would get the real footage of the incident. The footage showed the extraterrestrial visitors emerging from the craft that approached the base. Despite his skepticism, the Air Force still gave him the footage as authentic.

Paul Shartle, a military official, claimed in a 1988 television broadcast that he saw three disc-shaped objects in the 16mm film. One of them landed on the surface of the surface, while the others flew away.

Two of the objects landed on the surface of the ground, while the third one flew away. Although one of the objects appeared to be in trouble, it managed to land on multiple pods. It also had a sliding door that was extended, and three extraterrestrials emerged from the craft. They were reportedly human-sized, and they wore tight-fitting clothes that looked like they were wearing communication devices.

The government allowed Emenegger and his production team to access top-secret files at the Department of Defense. They were also able to take help from some of the military officials who were involved in the UFO phenomenon. Some of these include William Coleman, a colonel from Project Blue Book, and George Weinbrenner, the head of the Foreign Technology division at Wright Patterson Air Force Base.

According to Emenegger, the aliens appeared to be human-sized and had vertical slits in their eyes. They also reportedly had thin and slitlike mouths. The Air Force was supposed to provide him with a film of the incident, but it was denied due to the “Watergate Scandal.” Despite this, Emenegger and Sandler were still asked to describe the incident as a hypothetical event.

After months of research and production, Emenegger felt cheated when the government decided not to allow him to use real footage from the incident. In 1974, he released his documentary, which was nominated for a Golden Globe award. The film was praised for its innovative use of data provided by the Department of Defense. Emenegger was also forced to add an animated version of the alleged incident that happened at the Air Force’s Wright Patterson Base.

According to Emenegger, the alleged footage was not completely missing from the original film. He noted that some of the frames used during the reconstruction process were taken from the footage that was provided by the Air Force. The viewers were able to see a bright disc moving in the distance as it flew toward the Holloman region.

VIDEO:

• Robert Emenegger on using actual footage from a UFO landing at Holloman AFB for his 1974 documentary

In 2017, Grant Cameron, a UFO researcher, held an interview with Emenegger in his hotel room during the Alien Cosmic Expo in Toronto. He discussed the film “The Incident” and its alleged footage of an alien landing at the Holloman Air Force Base.

During the interview, Emenegger revealed that he was able to provide a key story that proved that the government was not covering up the incident.

In 1973, Pentagon approached Emenegger and Alan Sandler, two film producers based in Los Angeles. They asked them to make a documentary about the alleged alien landing. Emenegger, who was a skeptic at that time, was asked what he thought about the incident. He then said that the Air Force had provided him with footage of the alleged alien ship landing. After Emenegger provided the security manager of the base with the footage, he was allowed to use it in his documentary.

After seeing the documentary, Cameron noted that there were eight seconds of the alleged footage from the air force base in the film. He then contacted Emenegger to discuss the matter.

Video:

• Holloman Air Force Base UFO landing

Emenegger noted that the footage did not show anything. However, he was allowed to use the small portion to imply that the incident happened. The classified portion of the footage was then removed.

The film was then re-released in 1979 with additional footage and new information. Film director Jacques Vallée added several minutes of narration. He also talked about the ancient astronaut theory.

RELATED VIDEOS ( peter2011)

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

NASA's Perseverance Rover Investigates Geologically Rich Mars Terrain

Perseverance Workspace at ‘Skinner Ridge’: NASA’s Perseverance rover puts its robotic arm to work around a rocky outcrop called “Skinner Ridge” in Mars’ Jezero Crater. Composed of multiple images, this mosaic shows layered sedimentary rocks in the face of a cliff in the delta, as well as one of the locations where the rover abraded a circular patch to analyze a rock’s composition.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. Download image ›

• The latest findings provide greater detail on a region of the Red Planet that has a watery past and is yielding promising samples for the NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return campaign.

NASA’s Perseverance rover is well into its second science campaign, collecting rock-core samples from features within an area long considered by scientists to be a top prospect for finding signs of ancient microbial life on Mars. The rover has collected four samples from an ancient river delta in the Red Planet’s Jezero Crater since July 7, bringing the total count of scientifically compelling rock samples to 12.

“We picked the Jezero Crater for Perseverance to explore because we thought it had the best chance of providing scientifically excellent samples – and now we know we sent the rover to the right location,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA’s associate administrator for science in Washington. “These first two science campaigns have yielded an amazing diversity of samples to bring back to Earth by the Mars Sample Return campaign.”

Two Perseverance Sampling Locations in Jezero’s Delta: NASA’s Perseverance rover collected rock samples for possible return to Earth in the future from two locations seen in this image of Mars’ Jezero Crater: “Wildcat Ridge” (lower left) and “Skinner Ridge” (upper right).

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS. Download image ›

Twenty-eight miles (45 kilometers) wide, Jezero Crater hosts a delta – an ancient fan-shaped feature that formed about 3.5 billion years ago at the convergence of a Martian river and a lake. Perseverance is currently investigating the delta’s sedimentary rocks, formed when particles of various sizes settled in the once-watery environment. During its first science campaign, the rover explored the crater’s floor, finding igneous rock, which forms deep underground from magma or during volcanic activity at the surface.

“The delta, with its diverse sedimentary rocks, contrasts beautifully with the igneous rocks – formed from crystallization of magma – discovered on the crater floor,” said Perseverance project scientist Ken Farley of Caltech in Pasadena, California. “This juxtaposition provides us with a rich understanding of the geologic history after the crater formed and a diverse sample suite. For example, we found a sandstone that carries grains and rock fragments created far from Jezero Crater – and a mudstone that includes intriguing organic compounds.”

Sample Collection and Rock Analysis at ‘Wildcat Ridge’: Composed of multiple images from NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover, this mosaic shows a rocky outcrop called “Wildcat Ridge,” where the rover extracted two rock cores and abraded a circular patch to investigate the rock’s composition.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS. Download image ›

“Wildcat Ridge” is the name given to a rock about 3 feet (1 meter) wide that likely formed billions of years ago as mud and fine sand settled in an evaporating saltwater lake. On July 20, the rover abraded some of the surface of Wildcat Ridge so it could analyze the area with the instrument called Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals, or SHERLOC.

SHERLOC’s analysis indicates the samples feature a class of organic molecules that are spatially correlated with those of sulfate minerals. Sulfate minerals found in layers of sedimentary rock can yield significant information about the aqueous environments in which they formed.

Perseverance Explores the Jezero Crater Delta: NASA’s Perseverance Mars Rover has arrived at an ancient delta in Jezero Crater, one of the best places on the Red Planet to search for potential signs of ancient life. The delta is an area where scientists surmise that a river once flowed billions of years ago into a lake and deposited sediments in a fan shape.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS. Download video ›

What Is Organic Matter?

Organic molecules consist of a wide variety of compounds made primarily of carbon and usually include hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They can also contain other elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. While there are chemical processes that produce these molecules that don’t require life, some of these compounds are the chemical building blocks of life. The presence of these specific molecules is considered to be a potential biosignature – a substance or structure that could be evidence of past life but may also have been produced without the presence of life.

In 2013, NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover found evidence of organic matter in rock-powder samples, and Perseverance has detected organics in Jezero Crater before. But unlike that previous discovery, this latest detection was made in an area where, in the distant past, sediment and salts were deposited into a lake under conditions in which life could potentially have existed. In its analysis of Wildcat Ridge, the SHERLOC instrument registered the most abundant organic detections on the mission to date.

“In the distant past, the sand, mud, and salts that now make up the Wildcat Ridge sample were deposited under conditions where life could potentially have thrived,” said Farley. “The fact the organic matter was found in such a sedimentary rock – known for preserving fossils of ancient life here on Earth – is important. However, as capable as our instruments aboard Perseverance are, further conclusions regarding what is contained in the Wildcat Ridge sample will have to wait until it’s returned to Earth for in-depth study as part of the agency’s Mars Sample Return campaign.”

The first step in the NASA-ESA (European Space Agency) Mars Sample Return campaign began when Perseverance cored its first rock sample in September 2021. Along with its rock-core samples, the rover has collected one atmospheric sample and two witness tubes, all of which are stored in the rover’s belly.

The geologic diversity of the samples already carried in the rover is so good that the rover team is looking into depositing select tubes near the base of the delta in about two months. After depositing the cache, the rover will continue its delta explorations.

“I’ve studied Martian habitability and geology for much of my career and know first-hand the incredible scientific value of returning a carefully collected set of Mars rocks to Earth,” said Laurie Leshin, director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “That we are weeks from deploying Perseverance’s fascinating samples and mere years from bringing them to Earth so scientists can study them in exquisite detail is truly phenomenal. We will learn so much.”

More About the Mission

A key objective for Perseverance’s mission on Mars is astrobiology, including caching samples that may contain signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet’s geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith.

Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA, would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.

The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA’s Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.

JPL, which is managed for NASA by Caltech, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.

For more about Perseverance:

• https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/
• Karen Fox / Erin Morton
  NASA Headquarters, Washington
  202-358-1275 / 202-805-9393
  karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / erin.morton@nasa.gov
• DC Agle
  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
  818-393-9011
  agle@jpl.nasa.gov
• 

Explore with Perseverance ›

Mars Rock Samples Collected by Perseverance Rover ›

Where Is Perseverance Right Now?

{ http://www.nasa.gov/ }

NASA's Perseverance Rover Investigates Geologically Rich Mars Terrain

Perseverance Workspace at ‘Skinner Ridge’: NASA’s Perseverance rover puts its robotic arm to work around a rocky outcrop called “Skinner Ridge” in Mars’ Jezero Crater. Composed of multiple images, this mosaic shows layered sedimentary rocks in the face of a cliff in the delta, as well as one of the locations where the rover abraded a circular patch to analyze a rock’s composition.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. Download image ›

• The latest findings provide greater detail on a region of the Red Planet that has a watery past and is yielding promising samples for the NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return campaign.

NASA’s Perseverance rover is well into its second science campaign, collecting rock-core samples from features within an area long considered by scientists to be a top prospect for finding signs of ancient microbial life on Mars. The rover has collected four samples from an ancient river delta in the Red Planet’s Jezero Crater since July 7, bringing the total count of scientifically compelling rock samples to 12.

“We picked the Jezero Crater for Perseverance to explore because we thought it had the best chance of providing scientifically excellent samples – and now we know we sent the rover to the right location,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA’s associate administrator for science in Washington. “These first two science campaigns have yielded an amazing diversity of samples to bring back to Earth by the Mars Sample Return campaign.”

Two Perseverance Sampling Locations in Jezero’s Delta: NASA’s Perseverance rover collected rock samples for possible return to Earth in the future from two locations seen in this image of Mars’ Jezero Crater: “Wildcat Ridge” (lower left) and “Skinner Ridge” (upper right).

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS. Download image ›

Twenty-eight miles (45 kilometers) wide, Jezero Crater hosts a delta – an ancient fan-shaped feature that formed about 3.5 billion years ago at the convergence of a Martian river and a lake. Perseverance is currently investigating the delta’s sedimentary rocks, formed when particles of various sizes settled in the once-watery environment. During its first science campaign, the rover explored the crater’s floor, finding igneous rock, which forms deep underground from magma or during volcanic activity at the surface.

“The delta, with its diverse sedimentary rocks, contrasts beautifully with the igneous rocks – formed from crystallization of magma – discovered on the crater floor,” said Perseverance project scientist Ken Farley of Caltech in Pasadena, California. “This juxtaposition provides us with a rich understanding of the geologic history after the crater formed and a diverse sample suite. For example, we found a sandstone that carries grains and rock fragments created far from Jezero Crater – and a mudstone that includes intriguing organic compounds.”

Sample Collection and Rock Analysis at ‘Wildcat Ridge’: Composed of multiple images from NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover, this mosaic shows a rocky outcrop called “Wildcat Ridge,” where the rover extracted two rock cores and abraded a circular patch to investigate the rock’s composition.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS. Download image ›

“Wildcat Ridge” is the name given to a rock about 3 feet (1 meter) wide that likely formed billions of years ago as mud and fine sand settled in an evaporating saltwater lake. On July 20, the rover abraded some of the surface of Wildcat Ridge so it could analyze the area with the instrument called Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals, or SHERLOC.

SHERLOC’s analysis indicates the samples feature a class of organic molecules that are spatially correlated with those of sulfate minerals. Sulfate minerals found in layers of sedimentary rock can yield significant information about the aqueous environments in which they formed.

Perseverance Explores the Jezero Crater Delta: NASA’s Perseverance Mars Rover has arrived at an ancient delta in Jezero Crater, one of the best places on the Red Planet to search for potential signs of ancient life. The delta is an area where scientists surmise that a river once flowed billions of years ago into a lake and deposited sediments in a fan shape.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS. Download video ›

What Is Organic Matter?

Organic molecules consist of a wide variety of compounds made primarily of carbon and usually include hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They can also contain other elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. While there are chemical processes that produce these molecules that don’t require life, some of these compounds are the chemical building blocks of life. The presence of these specific molecules is considered to be a potential biosignature – a substance or structure that could be evidence of past life but may also have been produced without the presence of life.

In 2013, NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover found evidence of organic matter in rock-powder samples, and Perseverance has detected organics in Jezero Crater before. But unlike that previous discovery, this latest detection was made in an area where, in the distant past, sediment and salts were deposited into a lake under conditions in which life could potentially have existed. In its analysis of Wildcat Ridge, the SHERLOC instrument registered the most abundant organic detections on the mission to date.

“In the distant past, the sand, mud, and salts that now make up the Wildcat Ridge sample were deposited under conditions where life could potentially have thrived,” said Farley. “The fact the organic matter was found in such a sedimentary rock – known for preserving fossils of ancient life here on Earth – is important. However, as capable as our instruments aboard Perseverance are, further conclusions regarding what is contained in the Wildcat Ridge sample will have to wait until it’s returned to Earth for in-depth study as part of the agency’s Mars Sample Return campaign.”

The first step in the NASA-ESA (European Space Agency) Mars Sample Return campaign began when Perseverance cored its first rock sample in September 2021. Along with its rock-core samples, the rover has collected one atmospheric sample and two witness tubes, all of which are stored in the rover’s belly.

The geologic diversity of the samples already carried in the rover is so good that the rover team is looking into depositing select tubes near the base of the delta in about two months. After depositing the cache, the rover will continue its delta explorations.

“I’ve studied Martian habitability and geology for much of my career and know first-hand the incredible scientific value of returning a carefully collected set of Mars rocks to Earth,” said Laurie Leshin, director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “That we are weeks from deploying Perseverance’s fascinating samples and mere years from bringing them to Earth so scientists can study them in exquisite detail is truly phenomenal. We will learn so much.”

More About the Mission

A key objective for Perseverance’s mission on Mars is astrobiology, including caching samples that may contain signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet’s geology and past climate, pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith.

Subsequent NASA missions, in cooperation with ESA, would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.

The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA’s Moon to Mars exploration approach, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet.

JPL, which is managed for NASA by Caltech, built and manages operations of the Perseverance rover.

For more about Perseverance:

• https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/
• Karen Fox / Erin Morton
  NASA Headquarters, Washington
  202-358-1275 / 202-805-9393
  karen.c.fox@nasa.gov / erin.morton@nasa.gov
• DC Agle
  Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
  818-393-9011
  agle@jpl.nasa.gov

{ http://www.nasa.gov/ }

• doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03166-w

• DeepMind’s AI helps untangle the mathematics of knots

• ‘The entire protein universe’: AI predicts shape of nearly every known protein

• What's next for AlphaFold and the AI protein-folding revolution

• The DeepMind debacle demands dialogue on data

• Abel Prize celebrates union of mathematics and computer science

  
  

{https://www.nature.com/ }

The SRU was designed for low-light conditions, and the team said it has also proven itself a valuable science tool, discovering shallow lightning in Jupiter’s atmosphere, imaging Jupiter’s enigmatic ring system, and now providing a glimpse of some of Europa’s most fascinating geologic formations.

In addition to the images of Europa, all of the spacecraft’s science instruments were collecting data both during the Europa flyby and then again as Juno flew over Jupiter’s poles just 7 ½ hours later.

“Juno started out completely focused on Jupiter. The team is really excited that during our extended mission, we expanded our investigation to include three of the four Galilean satellites and Jupiter’s rings,” said Juno Principal Investigator Scott Bolton. “With this flyby of Europa, Juno has now seen close-ups of two of the most interesting moons of Jupiter, and their ice shell crusts look very different from each other. In 2023, Io, the most volcanic body in the solar system, will join the club.”

Further reading/viewing:

• Kevin Gill’s Flickr page
• JPL Press release
  

More information about the Juno Mission at NASA and SWRI
JunoCam

The post Here are the High-Resolution Images of Europa Captured by Juno During its Recent Flyby appeared first on Universe Today.

Citizen scientist Andrea Luck processed this global image of Jupiter's moon Europa, taken by NASA's Juno orbiter on September 29, 2022

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SWRI/MSSS/ANDREALUCK

Citizen scientist Andrea Luck processed this global image of Jupiter's moon Europa, taken by NASA's Juno orbiter on September 29, 2022.

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SWRI/MSSS/ANDREALUCK

Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill processed this global image of Jupiter's moon Europa, taken byNASA's Juno orbiter on September 29, 2022. 

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SWRI/MSSS/KEVIN M. GILL

Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill processed this global image of Jupiter's moon Europa, taken by NASA's Juno orbiter on September 29, 2022.

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SWRI/MSSS/KEVIN M. GILL

Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill processed this global image of Jupiter's moon Europa, taken by NASA's Juno orbiter on September 29, 2022. 

NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SWRI/MSSS/KEVIN M. GILL

• https://www.universetoday.com/157961/here-are-the-high-resolution-images-of-europa-captured-by-juno-during-its-recent-flyby/

The CIA, UFOs and “Material”

BY JOHN GREENEWALD 

{ https://www.theblackvault.com/ }

NASA’s DART Mission Hits Asteroid in First-Ever Planetary Defense Test

BY JOHN GREENEWALD

{ https://www.theblackvault.com/ }

Dark Craft Over Mundelein, Illinois On Oct 5, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 5, 2022

Location of sighting: Mundelein, Illinois, USA

 

Watch this great catch that was made while fishing in Mundelein, Illinois this week. The object was black, circular on two ends, but thin in the middle. It also kept its flat surface perfectly balanced to the ground. Dark UFOs are often seen near the water areas just as this one is seen. UFOs often travel below water as easily as in the air or space. Absolute proof that aliens exist in Illinois, USA. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFO passes by boat at sunset Mundelein, Illinois 5-Oct-2022

This daytime glowing object was flying across the daytime sky over Mundelein, a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States and a northern suburb of Chicago. Filmed on 5th October 2022.

Witness report:

Noticed what looked like 2 thick vinyl records spinning in the air. At first we thought they were balloons but it remained level so I started recording. We are in a flight path and saw several planes before during and after the sighting. While recording, the object continues spinning at a leveled rotation and not floating away like a balloon. The object passes a cloud and seems to glow.

{  https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Mount Wilson Ranch FULL DOCUMENTARY – Ancient Alien Contact and Paranormal Skinwalker Investigation

One of the most interesting secrets of Skinwalker Ranch is the mystery of Mount Wilson.

RELATED VIDEOS

{  https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

How Should the World’s Governments Respond if We Detect an Alien Civilization

Science fiction is the realm where people traditionally wrestle with the idea of contact with an ETI (Extraterrestrial Intelligence.) But now, those discussions are migrating from science fiction into more serious realms. Academics are going back and forth, one paper at a time, concerning the response and geopolitical fallout from potential contact with an ETI.

The discussion is interesting whether you think it’s likely or even remotely possible that humanity ever contacts an ETI. And it might tell us more about humanity than it does about an ETI.

A new paper titled “Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI Program” is the latest salvo in the back and forth among professional thinkers. The paper’s three authors are associated with institutions including NASA, the Penn State ETI Center, the Department of Philosophy at Spring Hill College, and Harvard Law School. The lead author is Jason T. Wright from Penn State University. The paper’s been accepted for publication by the journal Space Policy, and it’s currently available on the pre-press site arxiv.org.

This paper is a response to a previous article published in 2020 called “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: A Realpolitik Consideration.” That paper was also published in the journal Space Policy, bringing a new emphasis to the discussion around potential contact with an ETI. The authors are Kenneth Wisian & John Traphagan. Wisian is from the Center for Space Research at the University of Texas, and Traphagan is from the Department of Religious Studies and Program in Human Dimensions of Organizations, also at the University of Texas. We’ll refer to their paper as WT 2020.

In WT 2020, the two authors pointed out that much of the thinking around ETIs is centred on the risks of Searching for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) and Messaging an Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI.) What if the ETI is technologically advanced and menacing? What if they’re like conquistadors or something? Stephen Hawking expressed this fear well in 2010 when he said, “Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonize whatever planets they could reach.”

Those types of invading aliens make millions of dollars for Hollywood, but the authors of WT 2020 focused on a different risk, one which doesn’t garner as much attention. What’s that risk? “Specifically, the risk of merely detecting an alien signal from passive SETI activity is usually considered to be negligible,” they write.

What’s so risky about merely detecting a signal? Us and our realpolitik.

If you’re unfamiliar with the term realpolitik, history is full of examples. Merriam-Webster defines realpolitik as “Politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives.” In WT 2020, the authors use this definition of realpolitik from historian John Bew: “…the view of interstate relations where ‘the notion that the state could be regulated or controlled by law [is] flawed’ and that ‘power obey[s] only greater power.’”

Realpolitik is the down-and-dirty, nitty-gritty politics between political groups, usually nations. Realpolitik is separate from the oration political leaders use in elections and public-facing situations, where ideology and virtue-signalling run amok and leaders use political theatre to sway the populace and advance their causes. Realpolitik is about the mechanics of power in our world.

A great example of realpolitik comes from World War 2. The American President Roosevelt and the British Prime Minister Churchill played nice with Stalin and Russia. They called Stalin an ally, shook his hand and smiled when they met with him. They needed Stalin to continue to fight and weaken Hitler, and the Americans even sent a steady stream of supplies to Russia to enable their war effort. All good on the surface, as this famous clip from the Yalta Conference shows. At the 2:35 mark, we can watch the three leaders make nice with each other.

But behind the scenes, realpolitik spun a different web. Churchill and Roosevelt needed Stalin to help win the war, and Stalin knew that. Stalin promised democratic elections for Poland after the war because he needed the allies to help him beat Germany. He backtracked on that as soon as the war ended, occupied Poland and other countries, and Russia and the West became open enemies. That’s all realpolitik, and Stalin practiced it well.

But that was long ago, and the world was at war. Why is it relevant to our more modern age and the potential contact with an ETI?

Because human nature hasn’t changed.

If we passively detect a signal from an ETI, it could be troubling for religious people. Their worldview could be severely threatened, and there may be some significant upheaval in religious countries or even religious extremist violence. But it would die down, the thinking goes, and people would return to their daily lives. It would be revolutionary for scientists, but most people would move on with their lives. That’s how the WT 2020 paper sums up the thinking. But how would nations and their political leaders react?

Photo of the central region of the Milky Way. Might we receive a signal from that direction one day? Credit: UCLA SETI Group/Yuri Beletsky, Carnegie Las Campanas Observatory

But whenever nations are vying with one another, there will be some measure of realpolitik. And when it comes to contact with an ETI, monopolizing that contact presents potential benefits for the nation that monopolizes it. “The history of international relations viewed through the lens of the realpolitik tradition of realist political thought suggests, however, that there is a measurable risk of conflict over the perceived benefit of monopoly access to ETI communication channels,” the authors write in WT 2020. “This possibility needs to be considered when analyzing the potential risks and benefits of contact with ETI.”

For Wisian and Traphagan, the danger lies in what we might do to ourselves.

Any ETI would likely have an enormous technological advantage over us, and as long as the ETI wasn’t malicious, that advantage presents an opportunity to nations. If a government monopolizes communications with the ETI, it could gain a technological edge. Imagine China, Russia, or the USA coveting that technological advantage. Or North Korea, Iran, etc. This is the realpolitik lens that the authors are examining. It could lead to conflict or other undesirable consequences.

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) listens for radio signals from other civilizations. In this image, radio telescopes in SETI’s Allen Telescope Array (ATA) are hard at work with the Milky Way in the background. Image: SETI

In WT 2020, the authors say that realpolitik considerations should be important in planning for successful passive SETI. They make several recommendations. They suggest that scientists working in SETI form supportive relationships with local law enforcement, strengthen the perimeters and security of their institutions, and strengthen personnel security for scientists and their families. The WT 2020 authors also suggest that observational facilities like radio telescopes adopt security measures similar to those of nuclear power plants.

But the new paper, which is a rebuttal to the WT 2020 paper and their realpolitik concerns, doesn’t see these security actions as helpful. They also disagree that it’s likely any nation could somehow monopolize communications with an ETI.

“The existence of hardened facilities and locked-down information flows could itself be interpreted by outsiders as evidence that some world-altering activity was occurring within that community or facility…”---

From “Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI
Program,” Wright et. al. 2022.

“While we do not dispute that a realpolitik response is possible, we uncover concerns with W&T’s presentation of the realpolitik paradigm,” the authors write. They say there are flaws in the WT 2020 analysis and that “… sufficient reason is not given to justify treating this potential scenario as action-guiding over other candidate geopolitical responses.”

If a realpolitik response does come into play, it could be the most relevant response. The new paper’s authors agree with that much but show that “… it is highly unlikely that a nation could successfully monopolize communication with ETI.” The more realistic threat is that a nation thinks it could monopolize communications.

SETI’s Alien Telescope Array (ATA) listens day and night for a signal from space. Credit: SETI

The authors criticize other aspects of the WT 2020 realpolitik scenario, too. For example, if it’s a western democracy that detects a signal, could it monopolize it? Unlikely, according to the authors, since western science is well-integrated internationally. Our most powerful observatories have multiple nations and institutions as partners, so monopolization seems doubtful. The scientific community runs on openness, not informational protectionism.

The authors also criticize the sample contact scenario in WT 2020. WT 2020 contends that contact that seems trivial to an ETI could contain valuable technical information that could be useful to a monopolizing nation. This is unlikely. “That this could happen is not obvious at all. First of all, science is cumulative and nonlinear: for a new insight to be useful, we must first have the appropriate scientific context to understand it,” they write. Could medieval scholars make use of a textbook on nuclear weapons design? If they could understand it, could they act on it? Not likely, according to the authors, and the same is true of advanced technological information from a highly-advanced ETI.

Also, what specific technological advantage could be gained? We already have enough nuclear weapons to destroy civilization. We have bioweapons, too. Could an ETI unintentionally share information that could allow the monopolizer to build some sort of super-weapon? According to the authors, this is drifting into the realm of science fiction and leaving realpolitik behind.

For the authors, the best way to prevent state actors from even thinking they may gain a monopoly is through openness rather than stricter security and state policing measures. In fact, the measures urged in WT 2020 could precipitate precisely what they’re trying to avoid: a realpolitik nightmare.

This artist’s impression shows the view from the surface of one of the planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. A powerful laser beacon using current and near-future technology could send a signal strong enough to be detected by any alien astronomers here. If we can build one, certainly an advanced civilization could. Maybe an ETI somewhere has already sent a signal and is on its way. Credit: NASA/ESA/HST

In their new paper, the authors explain this clearly: “Finally, it is important that implementing extensive security protections in the SETI and METI fields could itself cause the very problems W&T warns about. The existence of hardened facilities and locked-down information flows could itself be interpreted by outsiders as evidence that some world-altering activity was occurring within that community or facility, thus leading to exactly the kind of espionage and conflict that W&T are trying to avoid in the first place, even if nothing had actually been discovered.”

There’s some agreement between the papers about the risks inherent in contact. “W&T’s legitimate worry is that the mere perception of an information monopoly could be enough to generate dangerous conflict,” the authors of the new paper write. History shows us that antagonistic nations can be paranoid, engage in sabre-rattling, and even launch pre-emptive strikes if they think they’re in danger. With all the unknowns around potential contact with an ETI, the worry and fear would be more difficult for some societies to bear than others. There would be flashpoints.

Another point of agreement concerns the security of scientists working on contact with an ETI. “However, even if we have good reason to avoid extensive security protections of facilities per se, there remain other reasons to enact security measures meant to protect the SETI practitioners themselves, especially in the event of detection,” the authors write. These scientists could very well become targets of harassment and even assault. There are a lot of crazies out there, as the COVID pandemic showed us, and a rising tide of anti-science thinking.

Dr. Anthony Fauci faced a barrage of criticism, harassment, and threats during the COVID-19 pandemic as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Chief Medical Advisor to the President. How would ETI scientists be treated in the event of a confirmed signal from an ETI? Image Credit: Anthony Fauci. (2022, October 3). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci

In their conclusion, the authors say that “… a realpolitik response to a contact scenario is worth considering, but we maintain that it is just one of the various candidate post-contact responses that merit consideration.”

They suggest that there are much better alternatives and involve responses “… that might generate cohesion or greater collaboration at the level of international relations.”

They also say that the WT 2020 paper relies on the premise that political leaders will misperceive the potential for contact with an ETI to be manipulated by another state. While that fear isn’t unfounded, according to the authors, and it needs to be considered, the authors of this paper disagree with the recommendations given in WT 2020.

What do they suggest the world should do when we contact an ETI?

Instead of hardening security at SETI sites, the authors “… recommend transparency,
data sharing, and education of policymakers.”

Doctors Astonished as New Product Peer Reviews Become Public, Can’t Deny Health Benefits

Imagine that. It doesn’t make for good science fiction, but it might prevent us from struggling with each other.

More:

• New Research: “Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI Program”
• 2020 Paper: “The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence: A Realpolitik Consideration“
• Universe Today: We’ll be Building Self-Replicating Probes to Explore the Milky Way Sooner Than you Think. Why Haven’t ETIs?

The post How Should the World’s Governments Respond if We Detect an Alien Civilization? appeared first on Universe Today.

Source:

•  https://www.universetoday.com/157924/how-should-the-worlds-governments-respond-if-we-detect-an-alien-civilization/

{https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

KENNETH ARNOLD UFO Found On World Wide Telescope, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Source: 

• http://worldwidetelescope.org/webclient/#/ra=4.60663&dec=71.51626&fov=0.13656
  

Date of discovery: Oct 5, 2022

 

Guys, we all have heard about the late great Kenneth Arnold and his close up sighting of nine bat-like UFOs in 1947. I think I have found a similar craft using the sky map website World Wide Telescope. The UFO is similar in shape, but its size...thats the only thing in question. Its size can very from that of a asteroid to that of a moon. Its had to tell in the vastness of space its exact size. There is also a long orange line to the left of it on the map, which is another similar ship that is traveling at almost light speed and is on the same path as the one stopped. Clearly this ship is huge and could fit tens of thousands or maybe millions of people on board it. Many humans try to say such size ships are impossible, because thats how they see the world...as limited. But the universe to not conform to limited ideas. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{  https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Moments before NASA's DART spacecraft hit asteroid Dimorphos the live footage shows an unknown black object that appears in front of the asteroid making some strange movements. 

The footage shows the object changing direction several times before disappearing. 

Could it be space debris flying next to the asteroid Dimorphos or it may be an alien object under intelligent control monitoring the DART mission and the results of the impact?

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Three UFO "Orbs" Spotted Flying In Formation Over Burlington In Ontario, Canada.

This footage was captured on September 29, 2022 with the use of an Sionyx Arora night vision camera.

The Witness stated the following:

"It was in Burlington Ontario Canada. I live in an area of Burlington called aldershot. The objects came from the direction of the skyway bridge. If you check it out on Google maps you can see the area and the landmarks I'm describing. I took this video on September 29 at around 1015 pm. And the whole reason I bought a night vision camera is because just over a month before this video, I had a similar sighting coming from the same area. The 2 sighting were just over a month apart, and both right around the 1015pm mark."

Thanks to witwar101 for allowing me the use of this footage and to view the original:

• https://www.reddit.com/r/HighStrangen...
  

UFO, OVNIs, UFO 2022, OVNI, UFOs, НЛО, UAP, UAPS, OVNI 2022, UAP 2022

UFO chased by Italian Fighter Jets vanishes into Water, Sept 2022

Video shared by astral32images on Twitter in October 2022. The video shows italian fishermen filming a UFO chased by fighter jets just before it vanishes into water. No further information about this video. Well made hoax or real UFO sighting ?

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Cigar shaped UFO seen over a Military Fuel Tanker in Canada, May 2021

Video shared on Instagram and filmed in Canada in May 2021.

Have Aliens Found Us? Scientists’ Discovery of a Mysterious Interstellar Visitor

A strange Cosmic object was flying past our planet and no one had the slightest clue 5 days later the interstellar object was on its way out of the solar system when Robert Warwick an astronomer at the University of Hawaii at Manoa spotted it. It was from the moment of its discovery a weird object, weird orbit, weird speed, and weird properties, the strange object was called Oumuamua, the first known Interstellar object to visit the solar system but here is the thing astronomers had only 11 days to observe the odd visitor.
Have Aliens Found Us? Scientists’ Discovery of a Mysterious Interstellar Visitor

Ancient Alien City Discovered Under Antarctica is Made of Crystal

Crystal City of Aliens Discovered Under Antarctica is Home to Ancient Beings?

Breakthrough: NASA's Rover Makes a Stunning Discovery On Mars

Mars wasn't always a barren world ruled by raging dust storms. On the contrary, several pieces of evidence suggest that the Red Planet was warm, had lakes of liquid water, and was possibly habitable for a short period in its history. This dramatic transition of Mars is generally attributed to the loss of its magnetic field. A planet's magnetic field is a fundamental ingredient that decides its course of events. It's an entity that can cause the difference between life and death. So the loss of the magnetic field was a turning point in the history of Mars.

Studying the planet's past habitability has been one of the prime objectives of multiple missions to Mars, including the recently launched Perseverance rover. Perseverance has been exploring the Martian rocks since early 2021, and now, it has found strong signals of organic matter on Mars. So, how did Perseverance make this significant discovery? What does it tell us about the history of Mars? Finally, and most importantly, if life existed on Mars, what did it look like?

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Kyiv Astronomers capture “UFOs everywhere” using meteor-tracking software

According to the astronomers at Kyiv’s Main Observatory, they have been able to spot many unknown objects in Ukraine’s daytime skies.

It’s believed that this incident happened decades before the development of UFOs. In 1942, soldiers from Russia and Germany were watching a dogfight near Leningrad during the Eastern Front war. Hundreds of them reportedly saw two silver disc-shaped objects.

The two objects, which were reportedly hovering above the dogfight, quietly observed the aircraft involved. They were most likely looking for something that was flying over them. The Germans had been keeping accurate combat reports during the war, and this incident is likely included in them.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ 

Are the Old Tombs of Kaole, Tanzania, Really Able To Heal?

Situated on the beautiful east coast of Africa, Tanzania is a fascinating country with a rich culture and no shortage of historic sites on its Indian Ocean coast. Kaole, an abandoned town and archaeological location, is one of the most significant of these sites due to the development of Islam and commerce in the region.

The History of Kaole, Tanzania

Kaole is located near the historic town of Bagamoyo and, based on archaeological research, we know the area was first settled by local tribes as early as the 8 th century, drawn to the region’s resources. Unfortunately, because it was made of wood, most of the first settlement no longer exists.

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The tribesmen traded extensively with seafarers, including Arabs and Persians. In fact, the eastern coast of Africa has been decisively influenced by Arab-Persian traders and merchants who brought Islam to the area, which in turn led to the development of the unique Swahili culture.

Still the predominant ethnic group in the region, the Zaramo people settled in Kaole around the 10 th century. During the Middle Ages, roughly 13 th century AD, the town of Kaole was occupied by both Arabs and a Swahili population. The town was diverse and had extensive trade connections both by land and sea; pottery and other artifacts which have come from as far afield as China have been found.

Old Arab Teahouse, Bagamoyo  (Jones, A / CC BY 3.0 )

The town was ruled by local sheikhs who had immense political and religious authority. One of the best known was Sheikh Ali Muhamad al-Hatim al-Barawi, an important figure in the region who is still revered by local Muslims. At some point in time, however, Kaole was a dependency of the power city-state of Kilwa. The town was controlled by Muslims, often of Arab origin, who taxed the local population.

In the 18 th century settlers from Oman came to the area. They moved the markets to the small settlement of Bagamoyo, three miles north of Kaole, due to the fact that the harbor upon which the prosperity of the town rested had silted up and was no longer suitable for merchants’ vessels.

The Timeless Ruins at Kaole, Tanzania

There are significant archaeological remains at the site dating from the Middle Ages, including houses, wells, and walls. At the center of the old town stand two mosques. The first is from the period of the Sultanate of Kilwa and dates to the 13 th century, the oldest on mainland Tanzania. A paved pathway, which is one of the finest examples of Medieval paving in Africa, leads to the second mosque which dates from the 15 th century. Approximately 22 graves of foreigners who resided in the town during its heyday have been found.

• Cave Provides 78,000 Years of Cultural and Technological Evolution in East Africa

• East African Invasions in South America: Tracing Cultural Clues and Artifacts Left by Early Travelers

• The Rich Mythology and Megalithic Culture of the Ancient Berbers, Lords of the Desert

Mausoleum of Kaole 

( CC BY 3.0 )

Several Shirazi style tombs with distinctive pillars which are almost certainly the graves of local religious leaders grace the area. These tombs are thought to be of Persian inspired design and indicate the level of influence the culture had on the east coast of Africa. Many tombs found around the old town which have no inscriptions are those of children.

The Spiritual Significance of Kaole, Tanzania

This site retains a great deal of religious significance for communities in the area and pilgrims still visit the tombs of the religious leaders or sheiks. It is widely believed in this part of Tanzania that certain tombs have magical healing powers, so many people looking to be cured of evil spirits come to this site that overlooks the magnificent Indian Ocean. Another option is hammering iron nails into a sacred tree which is believed to transfer bad luck or illness into the wood.

Getting to Kaole

The Kaole ruins are five kilometers (three miles) southeast of the town of Bagamoyo from where you can hire a taxi. Accommodation near the archaeological site is plentiful.

• Top image: Old mosque of Kaole. Source: Hinrichsen, L / CC BY 3.0

By Ed Whelan

{ https://www.ancientoriginsunleashed.com/ }

REVEALED: The first images of DART's asteroid crash captured by the tiny LICIACube satellite show the incredible moment NASA's spacecraft smashed into Dimorphos and its bright, messy aftermath

• The small LICIACube spacecraft captured the first images NASA's successful DART asteroid crash, including a before and after of the Didymos system and bright debris emanating from the incredible collision 
• NASA's DART spacecraft completed its mission to crash into an asteroid in the first planetary defense test on Monday at 7:14 pm ET 
• The mission aimed to nudge the asteroid from its orbit, but NASA won't know the results for two months 
• The space agency's technique could be used in the future to prevent an asteroid from colliding with Earth

By CHRISTOPHER CARBONE and STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM and SAM TONKIN FOR MAILONLINE

fter NASA's DART spacecraft successfully completed its first planetary defense test last night, the tiny Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) spacecraft captured the moment in its messy glory.

The Italian space agency released a series of images this afternoon that show a before-and-after comparison of the Didymos asteroid system and a bright burst of debris surrounding Dimorphos.

LICIACube is tiny, contaiAns two optical cameras and weighs about 31 pounds. The small spacecraft hitched a ride with DART, which deployed the cubesat on Sept. 11, and is operated from a mission control center in Turin, Italy.

'We're really very proud,' Elisabetta Dotto, science team lead at Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), said during a news conference held in Italian on Tuesday. 

After NASA 's DART spacecraft successfully completed its first planetary defense test last night, the tiny Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) spacecraft captured the moment in its messy glory

The Italian space agency released a series of images this afternoon that show a before-and-after comparison of the Didymos asteroid system and a bright burst of debris surrounding Dimorphos

The images will help researchers gain a better understanding of Dimorphos' structure and composition, Dotto explained, noting that there will be more images released in the coming days. 

In the last image, Dimorphos is blanketed by bright and hazy debris. 

'Dimorphos is completely covered really by this by this emission of dust and detritus produced by the impact,' Dotto said, according to Space.com. 

On Monday, the LICIACube stayed at a safe distance as DART zoomed into its target, but then performed a perfectly timed drive-by past the impact site a few minutes later. 

The small but mighty craft is now conducting Italy's first deep-space mission and will continue to beam images back to Earth. 

NASA's DART mission slammed into Dimorphos, a smaller space rock circling a larger asteroid called Didymos, to see if it could throw off the orbit of a potential future asteroid that was threatening life on Earth. Scientists will be watching the Didymos system closely to see how much Dimorphos' orbit actually changed - those results won't come for at least another two months. 

Confirmation of NASA's successful planetary defense test came seconds after the 7:14 ET (00:14 BST) 14,000 mph collision, sparking applause among the ground team at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland. 'Impact success!' NASA tweeted after the DART spacecraft collided with the 560 foot asteroid, around 6.7 million miles away from Earth. 

'We're really very proud,' Elisabetta Dotto, science team lead at Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), said during a news conference held in Italian on Tuesday

LICIACube is tiny, contains two optical cameras and weighs about 31 pounds. The tiny spacecraft hitched a ride with DART, which deployed the cubesat on Sept. 11, and is operated from a mission control center in Turin, Italy

By striking Dimorphos head on, NASA hopes it pushed it into a smaller orbit, shaving 10 minutes off the time it takes to circle Didymos, which is currently 11 hours and 55 minutes. 

The space probe used what is called kinetic impact, which involves sending one or more large, high-speed spacecraft into the path of an approaching near-earth object. 

Such a mission may evoke memories of a Hollywood disaster movie such as Armageddon, but this is very much real and could save Earth from colliding with a deadly space rock.

The last complete image of asteroid moonlet Dimorphos, taken by the DRACO imager on NASA's DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) mission from 7 miles (12 kilometers) from the asteroid and 2 seconds before impact

NASA's DART successfully impacted the Dimorphos asteroid on Monday at 7:14pm ET. This is the first planetary defense test and it could be used to save Earth. Pictured is an image from the DART satellite just before impact 

Confirmation came seconds after the 7:14pm ET collision, sparking an applause among the ground team at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

The last image to contain a complete view of asteroid Didymos (top left) and its moonlet, Dimorphos, about 2.5 minutes before the impact of NASA's DART spacecraft, taken by the on board DRACO imager from a distance of 571 miles (920 kilometeres)

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson congratulated the DART team shortly after the mission was completed, highlighting how the successful test could one day save humanity.

'We are showing that planetary defense is a global endeavor, and it is very possible to save our planet,' Nelson said.

Elon Musk's SpaceX also applauded NASA on the successful mission.

'Congratulations on successfully crashing a spacecraft into an asteroid,' the billionaire entrepreneur's company said in its tweet. 

The US space agency's staff cheered and clapped in a video shared online as the vending machine-sized spacecraft successfully smashed into Dimorphos, which is the size of a football stadium.

'And we have impact. A triumph for humanity in the name of planetary defense,' a member of NASA's team said in a video recorded in the control room as the collision took place.

The asteroid's bread bun shape and rocky surface finally came into clear view in the last few minutes as DART raced toward it.

'Woo hoo,' exclaimed Johns Hopkins mission systems engineer Elena Adams. 'We're seeing Dimorphos, so wonderful, wonderful.'

With an image beaming back to Earth every second, Adams and other ground controllers in Laurel, Maryland, watched with growing excitement as Dimorphos loomed larger and larger in the field of view alongside its bigger companion. 

As the craft propelled itself autonomously for the mission's final four hours like a self-guided missile, its imager started to beam down the very first pictures of Dimorphos, before slamming into its surface.

'Impact success!' NASA tweeted after the DART spacecraft collided with the 170-metre wide (560ft) asteroid, around 6.8 million miles away from Earth. SpaceX replied: 'Congratulations on successfully crashing a spacecraft into an asteroid!'

This astonishing image from NASA shows asteroid Dimorphos as seen by the DART spacecraft 11 seconds before impact. DART’s on board DRACO imager captured this image from a distance of 42 miles (68 kilometers). This image was the last to contain all of Dimorphos in the field of view

The closer DART got, the more detailed the asteroid appeared and the last shot was an up-close image of the asteroid's rocky surface - before the screen went black.

In a live question-and-answer session after the crash, senior leaders from NASA and Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory said the mission was 'straight down the middle' and nothing went wrong. 

Engineers said DART is completely destroyed, but there might be pieces of it in the crater it left during impact - and some of the team said they shed a tear knowing the craft is now gone.

Adams said the craft landed 55 feet from the targeted landing site, but still enough to assume it was a success.

'It was basically a bullseye. I think, as far as we can tell, the first planetary defense test was a success, and we can clap to that,' she said in a post-mission press conference. 

'Earthlings should sleep better, and I definitely will.'  

Didymos (left corner) and Dimorphos (back, right) are currently making their closest approach to Earth in years, passing at a distance of about 6.7 million miles from our planet. The livestream showed the twin asteroids getting larger as the craft got closer

A toaster-sized satellite called LICIACube, which already separated from DART a few weeks ago, made a close pass of the site to capture images of the collision and the ejecta - the pulverized rock thrown off by impact. 

DART launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket last November, which was called NASA's 'Armageddon moment'. 

DART 'is something of a replay of Bruce Willis's movie, "Armageddon", although that was totally fictional,' Nelson said in a November interview referring the 1998 film that saw teams travel to an asteroid heading to Earth with the hopes of destroying it before impact.

Didymos and Dimorphos are currently making their closest approach to Earth in years, passing at a distance of about 6.7 million miles from our planet.

The European Space Agency (ESA) is launching a mission in 2024 that will send a probe to Dimorphos and Didymos to study the pair in greater detail. 

An asteroid the size of Dimorphos could cause a continent-wide destruction on Earth, while the impact of one the size of the larger Didymos would be felt worldwide.

NASA emphasized that the asteroids in question pose no threat to our home planet, but were chosen because they can be observed from ground-based telescopes here on Earth.

Andy Rivkin, of JPL's 's applied physics laboratory, and Dart investigation team lead, said Monday that the two asteroids are perfect to test this planetary defense test. 

'We needed something with a moon that was small enough that we could move it with a strike from a from a spacecraft, but not so small that we wrecked the moon,' Rivkin continued. 

'So when you kind of tick off all the possibilities, Didymos ended up as the best choice, and really the only choice, that would provide a mission in this time period.'

Telescopes were also watching and studying from afar, including NASA's new $10 billion James Webb observatory, while DART will also return images to Earth at the rate of one per second as it heads towards its 'deep impact'.

The theory is that if an asteroid was on a collision course with Earth, you would only need to change its velocity by a small amount to alter its path so that it misses us, provided this was done far enough in advance.

Rome-based Virtual Telescope Project has also teamed up with several observatories in South Africa, and will be showing the target asteroid in real-time at the moment of the scheduled impact.

The change in the orbital period will be measured by telescopes on Earth. The minimum change for the mission to be considered a success is 73 seconds.

The DART technique could prove useful for altering the course of an asteroid years or decades before it bears down on Earth with the potential for catastrophe.

NASA considers any near-Earth object 'potentially hazardous' if it comes within 0.05 astronomical units (4.6 million miles) and measures more than 460 feet in diameter.

More than 27,000 near-Earth asteroids have been cataloged but none currently pose a danger to our planet.

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test was launched last November ahead of a year-long journey to crash into the small asteroid Dimorphos, which orbits a larger one called Didymos

Brace for impact: NASA's first ever 'planetary defense' spacecraft – sent to deflect an asteroid 6.8 million miles from Earth – hit Monday, September 26. The graphic above shows how the mission worked

DEFLECTING AN ASTEROID WOULD REQUIRE 'MULTIPLE BUMPS', STUDY SAYS

Read more:

• Behold the 1st images of DART's wild asteroid crash! | Space

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LICIACube Sends Home Images of the DART Impact and the Damage to Dimorphos

The Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube) has returned a series of close-up images of the asteroid Dimorphos, after last week’s successful impact of the Double Asteroid Redirect Test (DART) probe. LICIACube was built and operated by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), and was designed to capture post-impact imagery for the DART team, to help assess the effects of the impact.

The initial set of images received after the impact, show a dramatic plume of dust and debris. They were captured about 2 minutes and 45 seconds after the impact, during a fly-by of Dimorphos. This same plume was clearly visible to ground-based telescopes. Future images should hopefully reveal details of the impact crater, and could help researchers better understand the composition of the little asteroid. The shoebox-sized CubeSat will spend the next few weeks sending the remaining data to Earth. If it has enough propellant remaining, it will hopefully be able to return for a second flyby.

The DART mission was launched in November 2021, to test the feasibility of redirecting an asteroid by crashing into it. If a large body should be discovered in our Solar System that is on a collision course with Earth, we may be able to deflect it from its course. In theory, even a small space probe crashing into the object at a high enough speed should change its course enough to stop it from later crashing into Earth, provided this is done early enough. But theory is not enough, so the DART mission was developed to test and confirm that it can be done, and that it will work as expected.

DART’s target, Dimorphos, is a small asteroid with a length of about 160 meters. It orbits a larger companion named Didymos, with a diameter of about 780 meters. The two objects take 11 hours and 55 minutes to orbit one another, at a separation of 1.18 kilometers. If theoretical models of the impact are correct, this orbital period should have been shortened by a few minutes. This estimate is only an approximation, however, based on the likely masses of the two objects.

The DART spacecraft, weighing in at 570 kg, rammed into Dimorphos on 26 September, 2022, at roughly 22 500 km/h. The impact is the first test of the “Kinetic Impact” method of asteroid redirection. If astronomers should ever detect an asteroid on a collision course with Earth, and if it is massive enough to be a threat to human life or property, the best action to take would be to change its path so that the collision never happens. The kinetic impact method of redirection involves simply firing a heavy object at it, imparting enough kinetic energy to nudge it into a slightly different orbit. Because asteroids are so massive, even a very powerful impact would likely only change its velocity by a very tiny amount, but even a small deflection would be enough to ensure a miss if it happens early enough.

The Didymos and Dimorphos pair occupy an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Its perihelion, or the lowest point in its orbit, is slightly further out from the Sun than Earth, and its highest point, or aphelion, is a little past Mars. This orbit is tilted from the plane of the ecliptic by about 3 degrees, so it never crosses the paths of either Earth or Mars. This means that the Didymos binary asteroid system will never approach Earth, and is not a collision risk. The DART impact would have changed the speed of Dimorphos by only a fraction of a percent, far too little to create any risk of a collision with Earth or any other planet.

LICIACube is Italy’s first deep space mission. It was built in its entirety, and is operated, by ASI. The little spacecraft was carried piggy-back by DART to its current location, and is currently positioned near Didymos and Dimorphos, two objects orbiting each other to make a double asteroid orbiting the Sun.

Its mission was to capture images of both bodies through all phases of the DART mission, and sending those data back to the mission’s ground controllers. The images are meant to help measure how the orbit of Dimorphos has changed. They will also show us what effect the impact has on the asteroid itself, and likely provide useful data to scientists who would like to better understand the composition of the asteroid itself.

Other methods being explored to protect Earth from an asteroid impact include landing on the asteroid and installing a rocket motor; stationing a spacecraft near the object to deflect it gravitationally; or even painting one side of the asteroid so that it gets unevenly heated by the Sun, making it emit more heat radiation from one side than the other, creating a tiny amount of thrust! All these ideas are sound in theory, and may even be practical under varying circumstances, but the kinetic impact method has the advantage of simplicity, and doesn’t require the development of any new technology.

For more information about DART, visit the mission overview page at https://dart.jhuapl.edu/

And for information about LICIACube: https://www.ssdc.asi.it/liciacube/

The post LICIACube Sends Home Images of the DART Impact and the Damage to Dimorphos appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/157914/liciacube-sends-home-images-of-the-dart-impact-and-the-damage-to-dimorphos/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Andrew Basiago, J.D., claims that he visited Mars 20 times between 1981 and 1984 through a Jumpgate located in El Segundo, California. He says others, including VIPs such as former CIA Director Admiral Stansfeld Turner, were also sent to the Martian surface through eight jumpgate portals dispersed around the middle latitudes. Basiago says the average daily temperature was around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and the air was similar in oxygen content to an altitude of 11,000 feet on Earth. 

Basiago claims that at any one time there were up to 1,500 Americans on Mars surface that were there to maintain a continuous presence, and they had to escape numerous predators. His experiences with Mars predators and other wildlife led to him recognizing some of these animals and vegetation in NASA Rover images. 

His most controversial claims concern unusual creatures he says can be identified in other Mars Rover and satellite imagery, which includes a scorpion man and gremlins. Basiago refutes criticism that what he witnessed in the Mars images is merely a case of pareidolia, especially when it comes to an alleged image of a striding gremlin in what appears to be a small grove of trees. In the subsequent discussion, Dr. Michael Salla proposes a distinction between objects Basiago recognized from his time on Mars, which can be asserted to be corroborating evidence for his overall experiences, to other objects such as gremlins, which may be attributed as pareidolia. 

Regardless of the more controversial elements of Andrew Basiago's analyses of Mars Rover and satellite images, his detailed memories of travel to Mars on 20 occasions where he spent significant periods on the Red Planet from 1981 to 1984 have been independently corroborated by several other individuals. These include Brett Stillings, William White Crow and Bernard Mendez who all have publicly confirmed their participation in the Mars Jumpgate program, and the involvement of others such as Major Ed Dames. 

Related articles: 

• Project Pegasus: Travelling to Mars – Teleportation and “Jump Rooms” 
  • https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/2013/02/project-pegasus-travelling-to-mars.html 
• Andrew Basiago issues statement on planet-transforming and global teleportation 
  • https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/2016/03/time-traveler-andy-basiago-issues.html

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Possible triangle UFO video from Burlington, Ontario, Canada 29-Sep-2022

This fast triangular-shaped formation was filmed in the night sky above Burlington, a city in the Regional Municipality of Halton at the northwestern end of Lake Ontario in Ontario, Canada on 29th September 2022.

Witness report: 

It was in Burlington Ontario Canada. I live in an area of Burlington called aldershot. The objects came from the direction of the skyway bridge. If you check it out on Google maps you can see the area and the landmarks I’m describing. I took this video on September 29 at around 1015 pm. And the whole reason I bought a night vision camera is because just over a month before this video, I had a similar sighting coming from the same area. The 2 sighting were just over a month apart, and both right around the 1015pm mark.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Floating UFOs over Lee’s Summit, Missouri – October 2022

These two unidentified flying objects were filmed in the night sky above Lee’s Summit in Missouri on 2nd October 2022.

Witness report: 

Around dusk while traveling southbound on interstate i70 in Independence, Missouri I observed two starlike objects. One remained fixed in the sky while the other rose to meet it and then descend down again. I observed 1:32 of this before the landscape obstructed my view.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

September 2022 Sightings Statistical Report

By countries

UNITED STATES 660

UNITED KINGDOM 33

CANADA 33

FRANCE 19

AUSTRALIA 6

NEW ZEALAND 3

CHINA 3

NETHERLANDS 2

SPAIN 2

MEXICO 2

BELGIUM 1

AFGHANISTAN 1

VIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S. 1

UKRAINE 1

SWEDEN 1

CYPRUS 1

BRAZIL 1

GERMANY 1

INDONESIA 1

VIETNAM 1

THAILAND 1

SRAEL 1

VENEZUELA 1

MOROCCO 1

IRAN 1

GREECE 1

BAHAMAS 1

AUSTRIA 1

DENMARK 1

ARGENTINA 1

GUADELOUPE 1

JAMAICA 1

IRELAND 1 

TOTAL: 786

BY SHAPE Circle 164 Sphere 79 Other 69 Unknown 66 Triangle 57 Disc 51 Cigar 46 Oval 34 Star-like 34 Square/Rectangular 27 Cylinder 24 Tic Tac 18 N/A 15 Boomerang 11 Diamond 10 Flash 6 Cone 6 Chevron 6 Fireball 6 Blimp 5 Saturn-like 4 Egg 3 Bullet/Missile 3 Cross 2 Drumbell 1

By states

DISTANCE FROM THE WITNESS

{ https://mufon.com }

{ https://www.liberationtimes.com/ }

Andrew Basiago, J.D., claims that he visited Mars 20 times between 1981 and 1984 through a Jumpgate located in El Segundo, California. He says others, including VIPs such as former CIA Director Admiral Stansfeld Turner, were also sent to the Martian surface through eight jumpgate portals dispersed around the middle latitudes. Basiago says the average daily temperature was around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and the air was similar in oxygen content to an altitude of 11,000 feet on Earth.

Basiago claims that at any one time there were up to 1,500 Americans on Mars surface that were there to maintain a continuous presence, and they had to escape numerous predators. His experiences with Mars predators and other wildlife led to him recognizing some of these animals and vegetation in NASA Rover images. In Basiago’s first paper about Mars dated December 12, 2008, he examines NASA image PIA 10214 and claims a number of creatures are in it which he recognized from his trips there, which include plesiosaurs and water buffalo.

His most controversial claims concern unusual creatures he says can be identified in other Mars Rover and satellite imagery, which includes a scorpion man and gremlins. Basiago refutes criticism that what he witnessed in the Mars images is merely a case of paredolia, especially when it comes to an alleged image of a striding gremlin in what appears to be a small grove of trees. In the subsequent discussion, Dr. Michael Salla proposes a distinction between objects Basiago recognized from his time on Mars, which can be asserted to be corroborating evidence for his overall experiences, to other objects such as gremlins, which may be attributed as paredolia.

Regardless of the more controversial elements of Andrew Basiago’s analyses of Mars Rover and satellite images, his detailed memories of travel to Mars on 20 occasions where he spent significant periods on the Red Planet from 1981 to 1984 have been independently corroborated by several other individuals. These include Brett Stillings, William White Crow and Bernard Mendez who all have publicly confirmed their participation in the Mars Jumpgate program, and the involvement of others such as Barack Obama (aka Barry Soetaro) and Major Ed Dames.

• Interview available on Rumble, YouTube & Odysee
  
• Audio Podcast on Apple, Spotify, or Google

A selection of Andrew Basiago’s papers on Mars can be found here.

Public Testimony by William White Crow supporting Andrew Basiago’s experiences on Mars can be found here.

Public Testimony by Brett Stillings supporting Andrew Basiago’s testimony is available here.

Public Testimony by Bernard Mendez supporting Andrew Basiago’s testimony is available here.

This is the fourth in a series of interviews with Andrew Basiago examining his participation in two teleportation programs, Project Pegasus (1969 to 1972) and Jump Room to Mars (1980 to 1984).

Prior Interviews are: “Jump Room to Mars – “Training, Participants & Purpose” (9/6/22); “Using Time Travel for Intelligence Gathering & Predicting Future Presidents” (8/4/2022); and “Project Pegasus & Time Travel: Interview with Andrew Basiago” (7/6/2022).

• Basiago’s facebook page is here.

Related Exopolitics Articles

• CIA Sanctioned Disclosure of Time Travel & Mars Bases in 2016 Presidential Bid
• Jump Room to Mars: Did CIA Groom Obama & Basiago as future Presidents? – Part 2 in 3 part series
• Alleged Time Traveler Runs for U.S. President: Real Deal or CIA PsyOp? – Part 1 in 3 part series.
• Mars whistleblower reveals more of his covert military service
• Humans on Mars: Obama makes pledge in State of the Union

{ https://exopolitics.org/ }

40km Walled Alien Base In De Forest Crater, Moon,Video, UFO Sighting News.

Location of discovery: De Forest Crater, Moon Area of Moon: South Polar region 

Coordinates: 77.3°S 162.1°W Moon URL: 

• http://wms.lroc.asu.edu/apollo/Cabius 

Base Photo (Ames): 

• http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/images/content/393894main_ACD09-0220-089_full.jpg 

 

 I was looking over this unusual moon map when I decided to focus on the southern area since most photos blur that area out. Here I found that it was clear and unobstructed. De Forest crater looks to be at least 40km long on each of its four walls. I came to that because De Forest is known to be 57 km in diameter, so 40 km is a conservative estimate. The small nuclear device dropped on Cabeus crater base was back in 2009 and I watched it on live cam with my students in class...but there was no explosion, no cloud of dust arose. SCW 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Cigar Shaped UFO Witnessed Over Watervliet Missouri

Witness records cigar shaped UFO. Video Source MUFON Case # 125599

RELATED VIDEOS ( selected by peter2011)

Four UFO "Orbs" Sighted Over Sacramento, California. September 30, 2022

This sighting was posted to MUFON on October 1, 2022 with the following statement: Sept 30th 2022 -1010 pm

Sacramento California
Driving
Mid 70s weather
First headed towards the freeway, than hovered for a bit than traveling east.
Full sighting lasted about 3 or 4 mins
Video taped about half way through..
Couldn't pull over on semi busy highway 80
Sound was not applicable due to driving and wind
Crazy ufo sighting about 20 mins ago.
"Around 10:10pm, first it was two lights..perfectly spaced between each other..kinda tilted one belowthe other..than they seem to swivel and a third light "popped" on...i drove for another 5 seconds and that was when i realized i should record this ..
.so the video isn't perfect, than a 3rd light just popped on, than a 4th light popped up. I wishi could have pulled over. I took the next exit, but lost site of the lights. It's just crazy that they popped on. I was on highway 80, on the "causeway" these where over the rice fields, I was driving east into west Sacramento... it was crazy."

UFO, OVNIs, UFO 2022, OVNI, UFOs, НЛО, UAP, UAPS, OVNI 2022, UAP 2022

Source: MUFON Case Number: 125602

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5 TOP SECRET UFO SIGHTINGS | The Proof Is Out There

Check out 5 MORE mysterious UFO sightings that just can’t be explained, in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.

• 0:00 – Thermal Imaging Camera Catches REAL UFO
• 4:49 – UFO Reveals Itself during 4th of July Celebration
• 9:24 – Italian Shapeshifting UFO
• 13:45 – UFO Flies Away at Hypersonic Speed
• 18:29 – UFO Soars over Kansas

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Scientist talks about cattle being marked by UFO before mutilation

During the 1970s, several small-scale cattle ranchers in the Midwest reported that their animals had been mutilated. The incident was often dismissed as a sensationalized report, but it highlighted the growing frustration of the ranchers with the government’s restrictions and intrusiveness.

The incident highlighted the growing frustration of the ranchers with the government’s restrictions and intrusiveness. They blamed the government for the incident and expressed their anger through their actions. The economic conditions during that period also contributed to the development of the mutilation phenomenon.

The growing frustration of the ranchers with the government also contributed to the development of the mutilation phenomenon. It was the impetus for various uprisings, such as the Sagebrush Rebellion. The incident highlighted the significant effects of the 1960s’ libertarian movement, which gained popularity in the Midwest and West.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Two Interesting Cases from the MUFON Case Management System Currently being Investigated

By Bob Spearing

Singapore is an island, a city and a country in Asia bordering Malaysia at the edge of the Pacific Ocean. Itis a highly industrialized city with Air Force Bases, Commercial Airports and a variety of industrial complexes all crammed onto the tiny island.
MUFON had seen this type of phenomenon before. It looked very similar to the flame usually associated with an oil refinery burning off excess gas at refineries. The logical thing to do was to check if any oil refineries were within a reasonable distance of the witness.
Our investigation showed that Jurong Island, 15 miles southeast of the witness housed a massive EXXON Oil Refinery. The witness stated he was looking east.

Mauritius is an island country in East Africa in the Indian Ocean near Madagascar and Reunion Islandwhich is a hotbed of UFO activity. The case is being investigated by our National Director there Johnathan Hague. The witness narrative is as follows:

“The first time I saw it, it was about 100m with light. The next day I saw it again, I was scared but I approached it. It was landed near foot of the mountain. I runaway to my home. The third time was after two days. Again, it landed but this time I approach the maximum I can but hiding also. The thing that Itook attention was I saw symbol of triangle and circle. When I made all around the object, I saw two window glass. It was something like dark glass, then I saw two things like humanoid. They were lonwith big head like helmet of cyclist. After that I felt like I was unconscious. When I wake up, they were gone. After maybe 3 months, I saw them again. Some people who have cattle, said that 4 or 5 animals are missing.”

What the reader should note is that cyclist helmeted beings are quite common in UFO reports. A cattle mutilation in the middle of the Indian Ocean is extremely rare. But more reports of logos of triangles within circles are widely documented.

In the first of two correlating reports, the first from Renton Washington in 2005, 2 short grotesque entities with lightbulb shaped heads and slits for mouths abduct a woman. They are no taller than 5 feet with very long arms and only 4 fingers. They are wearing blue grey metallic uniforms and had an insignia on their chest of an isosceles triangle in a white circle.

At Mount Pleasant, Michigan on March 8, 2015, the witness awoke sensing someone was in his house and spied two small beings. He is levitated through his wall to a star. In a sort of pseudo-sexual abduction, the witness awakes next to an entity. The entity named ZETA informs him he has made a child for the future of Earth. ZETA was wearing a shiny spandex outfit with a triangle and circle insignia on it.
What that symbol means is still not understood.
When several reports of similar symbols and insignia are found in the UFO literature, it creates a basis for a pattern even if these reports are years apart and thousands of miles away from each other. With the advent Artificial Intelligence at our doorstep, perhaps the near future will provide MUFON and other researchers with the tools to finally analyze these patterns in a meaningful way. John Keel would be pleased! He had the right idea but was decades too early to see it come to fruition.

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How Does NASA Plan to Keep Samples From Mars Safe From Contamination (and Contaminating) Earth?

NASA’s Mars Sample Return Mission is inching closer and closer. The overall mission architecture just hit a new milestone when Perseverance collected the first sample that will be sent back. But what happens once that sample actually gets here? NASA and its partner, ESA, are still working on that, but recently they released a fact sheet that covers what will happen during the first stage of that process – returning to the ground.

That return will take place in the middle of the desert in the western US, in an area called the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR). While this may seem like an obscure place to land such an important mission, it does have several things going for it.

First, it’s in the continental US. That gives it relatively easy access to advanced laboratory equipment available throughout the country. NASA is the most likely candidate to be able to marshal all the resources necessary to quarantine the sample to keep it separate from the wider Earth environment, which would help eliminate the (admittedly unlikely) event of a Martian superbug getting on the loose.

Secure containment is one of the reasons the agency is foregoing a water landing. Doing so would lessen the impact on the samples, but it also would have a slight chance that the capsule could sink into the ocean and the tiny bits of Mars within it could be lost to the sea. Avoiding that would be nice, so it’s better to land on land.

But that land has to be isolated, another advantage of the UTTR. Not only is it not near any roads, but it is also already restricted air space, as it is the site of plenty of rocket and plane testing. Being isolated also means that the capsule is less likely to impact anything important if something goes wrong with the trajectory.

That will be particularly important given the method of landing selected for the MSR capsule. It’s going to fall to the ground using only aero-braking – no parachute required. Therefore, it will be going significantly faster than the typical parachute-assisted capsule returns. But, according to NASA’s calculations, the samples and their containers should survive the impact. Not using a parachute will massively simplify the capsule’s design and lessen its weight, both of which are essential factors considering the capsule itself has to return from Mars. 

Even so, the impact itself is going to make a nice dent in the landscape. NASA has already begun performing testing using a mock-up of the MSR’s sample return capsule. Doing so has created a series of 1.3-meter-wide craters in the landscape and ejected material 15 meters away from the crater.

Assuming the samples and capsule do survive, the next step would be safely transporting them to a laboratory where they can be properly studied. That is, after all, the whole purpose of the Mars Sample Return mission. So far, that part of the program hasn’t been defined yet, but knowing that the samples will end up in the middle of the Utah desert is at least a place to start.

Learn More:

• NASA – Utah Test and Training Range: The Proposed Landing Site for Mars Sample Return
  
• UT – This is Where the Mars Sample Return Mission Could be Landing
  
• UT – NASA is Already Designing Hardware for a Mars Sample Return Mission
  
• UT – Perseverance is Searching for the Perfect Landing Spot for the Upcoming Sample Return Mission

Lead Image:

Map of the UTTR, with the planned landing spot for MSR in the red ellipse in the upper left corner.
Credit – NASA

The post How Does NASA Plan to Keep Samples From Mars Safe From Contamination (and Contaminating) Earth? appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/157905/how-does-nasa-plan-to-keep-samples-from-mars-safe-from-contamination-and-contaminating-earth/

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