Did a UFO crash on this Welsh mountain? I bivvied at the site of the bizarre 1973 ‘Roswelsh’ incident

James Forrest

“Even sceptics can’t fully explain what the nurse saw…” Earthquake, meteor shower or an extra-terrestrial spaceship crash? We investigate the Berwyn Mountains UFO incident.

So the story goes, on the evening of January 23, 1974, residents across North Wales reported loud noises and brilliant lights in the sky over the mountain of Cadair Berwyn in North Wales – an occurrence later dubbed the infamous “Roswelsh” incident. Confusion reigned supreme. Had an aeroplane crashed into the mountain or a wartime German bomb exploded? Or was it something more out-of-this-world?

An RAF search and rescue team was scrambled to the mountainside, but – according to official MoD reports – they found nothing. Police descended on the area and investigations were launched. But, again, they came to nought.

Cadair Berwyn Ridge. Credit: James Forrest

Instead, in the coming days and weeks, it was scientists who explained the phenomenon witnessed by hundreds of local people. The bright lights were a meteor descending through the atmosphere and burning up before it reached the ground; the loud noises were caused by an earthquake that simultaneously struck in the Berwyn Mountains with a magnitude of 3.5 on the Richter Scale.

But, evidently, not everyone was convinced by the official explanation – and an alternative narrative, an extraterrestrial conspiracy theory, emerged.

Newspaper articles included eyewitness accounts alleging “flying saucers emerging from the Irish Sea”, a “big glowing object sitting on the mountainside with a load of lights circling around underneath it” and even the military loading a crashed flying saucer onto a flatbed truck and taking it away.

Dusk views from Cadair Berwyn. Credit: James Forrest Official police logs included numerous 999 calls from villagers reporting an “orange and red glow”, “large perfect circle” or similar on the mountainside. Key witness Pat Evans, a retired nurse, drove up to the mountain on the night, stating she saw a “huge ball glowing and pulsating” that “had to be a UFO of some sort”.

Self-proclaimed UFO investigators took it even further, claiming eyewitnesses saw “alien beings emerging dazed from a crashed spaceship” and mysterious “men in black” initiating a government cover-up in the rural area.

To understand how such an outlandish tale could take root, you first have to understand the sheer isolation of the Berwyns. Located in North Wales, to the east of Bala and lying just outside the boundary of Eryri (Snowdonia) National Park, this mountain range is a forgotten land of windswept moorland. For the most part it’s pathless, austere and covered in energy-sapping heather, and only the most dedicated of hillwalkers venture for the summits of Cadair Bronwen and Cadair Berwyn.

Bivvying and watching the sunset from Cadair Berwyn. Credit: James Forrest

I visited back in 2018, sleeping atop the summits – alone – on a kind of one man mission to uncover something cosmic and otherworldly. I came away empty handed, of course. I’m no UFO fanatic. I don’t believe in any of that codswallop.

But, despite my own personal reservations, and in the interests of balance and thoroughness, let’s delve into the story a little deeper. Do the official explanations ring true? Or could the conspiracy theorists be onto something?

Let’s start with those wedded to the official narrative. Seismologist Dr Roger Musson, writing for the Royal Astronomical Society in 2006, provides easily the most comprehensive defence of the scientific status quo. He describes the incident as a “small but interesting earthquake that raised speculation about meteorites, UFOs and air crashes – none of which turned out to be valid”.

The shelter atop Cadair Berwyn. Credit: James Forrest

He argues “there can be no doubt that a meteor shower took place as well as an earthquake that night”, admitting the duality “may seem curious” – but confidently discrediting theories other than coincidence. Was there, in fact, no earthquake and instead were the seismic effects caused by a meteor crash? Musson states the absence of an impact crater makes this an impossibility. Alternatively, could the aerial lights have been caused by an earthquake? Musson notes that, while “earthquake lights” are a known phenomenon, this is unlikely due to the small size of the Bala earthquake.

Instead his conclusion is that the earthquake-meteor combo is nothing more than coincidence, quoting two previous incidents – the 1896 Hereford earthquake and the 1892 Pembroke earthquake – where the same thing happened. As Dr Musson argues: “Meteors are sufficiently common that some coincidences between meteor observations and earthquakes over a long period of time are inevitable, no matter how striking they may seem at the time.”

As for the various other outlandish stories of spaceships, aliens and cover-ups? Dr Musson doesn’t speculate much, but does reference anecdotal evidence that the presence of four surveyors from the Institute of Geological Sciences sparked theories of a scandal – “possibly the only instance of seismologists being mistaken for men in black”.

Llyn Lluncaw. Credit: James Forrest Dr Musson’s conclusions match very closely the official position of 1974, as outlined in a letter from Brynmor John, junior RAF minister, to Dafydd Elis Thomas, the local MP, at the time. Mr John wrote: “It seems the phenomena could well have been caused by a meteor descending through the atmosphere burning up and finally disintegrating before it reached the ground. Such a hypothesis would also explain the absence of any signs of impact. It has also been suggested that at 8.32pm that evening there was an earth tremor in the Berwyn Mountains.”

But what of the alien apologists and conspiracy theorists? For those who reject the double-coincidence of a simultaneous meteor and earthquake, the Roswelsh incident remains open-and-closed proof of extraterrestrial visitation and high-level official concealment.

Local resident Huw Lloyd, who was just 14 when his family’s hillside home in Llandrillo was rocked by a “violent thud”, insists the official narrative simply doesn’t hold up. After driving four police officers up the track towards Cadair Berwyn in his father’s Land Rover to look for a reported plane crash, he experienced a blinding spectacle. “Suddenly the whole sky was lit up by the most incredible white light, brighter it seemed than even the sun,” Lloyd recalled, as quoted in The Sun newspaper. “For close on 30 seconds the skies were filled with this light for as far as you could see.”

Lonesome dusk views from Cadair Berwyn. Credit: James Forrest

Prominent UFO investigator Russ Kellett goes much further, claiming the incident was the culmination of a military engagement over the Irish Sea. As quoted in Wales Online, he said: “There’s no doubt whatsoever that it was more than just an earthquake,” claiming that he has spoken to a fisherman who said he saw flying saucers emerge from the Irish Sea before the incident on the Berwyn Mountains. Mr Kellett added: “I’ve got an affidavit from a group of men who were coming home from Bala when they found this flying saucer at the side of the road and the military came and took it away on a flat-back vehicle.”

Other eyewitnesses refuse to discount what they saw with their own eyes. Geraint Edwards, from nearby Llandderfel, recounted on a Channel 5 documentary how he stood in awe on his way to a darts match as a strange craft hovered silently over the peaks. “It was definitely a flying saucer,” Edwards insisted. “It looked like a rugger ball, but the ends were more pointy. When it took off, it just went like lightning.”

Even academic and journalistic sceptics like Dr David Clarke concede that certain details defy easy explanation. Reflecting on the account of district nurse Pat Evans, who drove up the mountain and described a glowing, pulsating object with circling lights, Dr Clarke noted: “There’s been various attempts to explain what she saw, but even sceptics can’t fully explain what the nurse saw.” According to reports, Pat Evans has remained silent on this incident since 1974, despite initially speaking out.

Cadair Berwyn Trig. Credit: James Forrest

Whether one sides with the Royal Astronomical Society or the alien apologists, the mystery of Cadair Berwyn remains permanently etched into mountain folklore: a reminder, perhaps, that under the dark skies of Wales’ mountains, the line between Earth and the cosmos can feel delightfully blurred.

‘The Welsh Roswell’ - the Berwyn mountain UFO crash, Llandrillo, Wales, January 23, 1974

{ https://www.thegreatoutdoorsmag.com/ }

Nato fighter pilots summoned to ‘red warning’ over unrecognised flying object at airport

Residents were told to shelter this morning after a red alert following a suspected drone incursion closed Lithuania’s second busiest airport

(Picture: AFP)

Nato fighters were scrambled in Lithuania this morning after an unrecognised flying object was sighted.

Residents living near an airport serving Kaunas, the country’s second-largest city, were told to shelter and the hub was closed on Sunday after a red air warning was activated and air police fighters were summoned.

It is believed the object entered from Poland, where armed forces said they are verifying a possible violation of airspace.

Lithuanian authorities said possible drone debris was being examined near the northern village of Juodzionys found after the mysterious object vanished off radar.

Residents in northern and central parts of the country were told to remain in shelters for at least an hour this morning.

Armed forces confirmed the unmanned object may not have been shot down and possibly detonated on its own.

‘Lithuanian police officers are currently working at the scene, conducting initial investigation and evidence collection activities’, a statement said.

‘The circumstances of the incident, including the possible origin of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the possible cause of the explosion, are still under investigation.’

A yellow air warning was also temporarily issued after a ‘possible threat’ was detected in some neighbouring regions in Latvia.

The developments have dialled up concerns that the war is spilling out into neighbouring countries.

It comes as RAF drones encountered near misses with suspected drones flying 40 times the legal height limit above the North Sea.

Multiple different investigations have been launched into the incidents, reported just days apart, amid concerns the equipment is being used for spying purposes.

One person was killed and several were injured following a Ukrainian drone strike on an oil terminal in St Petersburg this morning, the city’s mayor said.

E-commerce firm Ozon said its logistics hub and data centre in the region had been attacked, although its services remained unaffected.

{ https://metro.co.uk/ }

Story by Ron Winkler

 

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Army sniper claims US troops killed 'reptilian beings' in battle near Area 51

• MORE: I found strange DNA in the human genome: Inside a scientist's hunt for alien hybrids as CIA is accused of secretly tracking them

By CHRIS MELORE, US DEPUTY SCIENCE EDITOR

A former US Army sniper has claimed that a secret military operation took place near Area 51 and at least one American soldier was killed in a battle with reptilian aliens. 

Nick Betts, a co-host of the Liberty Risk podcast, said an unnamed member of the military's elite special missions unit revealed to him that he and other soldiers were given energy weapons to hunt down three creatures which had invaded a top-secret US facility.

During the mission into a deep underground tunnel near the Nevada base, one soldier was allegedly shot in the chest and killed instantly by the same type of directed-energy weapon.

'They said that they f****** shot this creature that was bipedal, mildly reptilian-looking but had fingers and was using this weapon system,' Betts said.

Betts said the member of the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) revealed what had happened during a night of drinking as they participated in a documentary about the ongoing Ukraine war.

The veteran sniper who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan told his Navy SEAL co-hosts, Kevin Kent and Ryan Williams, that he believed the story was true after the shocking reaction of another soldier who was allegedly on the mission to Area 51.

According to Betts, both his source and the other JSOC member threatened him not to talk about what he'd been told, adding that their role in the documentary was mysteriously cancelled immediately after Betts asked about the incident the following morning.

'I would have chalked it up to the wine if it wasn't for being choke slammed up against a f****** wall in the morning at 6am,' Betts revealed.

Area 51, an area of more than 2.9 million acres, is located at the Nevada Test and Training Range

The US military and the White House have maintained that there has never been any physical evidence that UFOs or extraterrestrials exist.

Betts also noted that the story from the unnamed JSOC soldier was told while he was drunk, but added that his source was still lucid and not 'sloppy' at the time.

Also, the fellow special forces soldier on the alleged Area 51 mission was not in the same hotel room in Poland when Betts heard the story – convincing him that the soldier's violent reaction was genuine.

'I'm like, "Hey, so and so told me you know a thing or two about aliens." Dude, he f****** stops, turns me, grabs me by the f****** neck, and f****** slams me up against the wall,' Betts recalled during a podcast episode in December 2025.

'And he's like, "Nick, I f****** swear to God. Never f****** talk about this again."'

According to the soldier who leaked the story to Betts, military officials at North Carolina's Fort Bragg summoned the JSOC unit for an emergency mission to an underground base a few miles from Area 51.

The Nevada complex has been tied to claims of secret UFO research and the development of experimental aircraft since the 1940s.

After traveling from Fort Bragg, the team was allegedly briefed at Area 51 itself, given high-tech weapons that used energy blasts instead of bullets and then flown by Black Hawk helicopter to an entry point for a long tunnel leading into the complex.

The reptilian theory, claiming shape-shifting reptilian aliens secretly control Earth, surged in popularity through conspiracy theorist David Icke in the late 20th century (Stock Image)

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Betts claimed the emergency began after the underground site stopped sending regular radio checks, and a quick-reaction force failed to return after being sent in.

The sniper did not reveal if his source knew whether these soldiers were dead or still missing.

Once inside the facility, the source claimed a team of about six soldiers began sweeping through the tunnels and encountered the first reptilian invader using the same type of weapons they had been given.

'As they're coming around on this outside, the outside left guy gets f****** hosed with one of the guns that they're using like straight to the chest and f****** dies,' Betts recounted.

The group allegedly returned fire and killed the creature. Betts' JSOC source added that the mission ended with all three reptilian aliens being found and killed.

However, the remains of the dead US soldier were allegedly cremated on site, which the rest of the team protested because of the serviceman's Catholic beliefs.

The source also claimed that a cover story was created, saying the soldier died in a training accident that incinerated his body.

According to Betts, the mysterious base the reptilians had invaded was more advanced than even the most secure levels of the Pentagon.

Area 51 sits on a highly restricted part of the Nevada desert which has been tied to UFO theories since the 1940s 

'It was, you know, almost looked like "Independence Day," where they have the glass windows and things like that and access points with full handprints and biometrics and then also an iris reader,' he described.

The survivors of the alleged battle in Nevada were taken to sign documents, possibly a non-disclosure agreement, and underwent biometric scanning of their hands and eyes.

Betts noted that after he was ordered to leave the documentary set in Poland, which took place at an unrevealed point after 2022, the two soldiers never spoke with him again.

Betts's claims are not the first mention of a race of beings which allegedly appear to be reptilian.

Multiple government whistleblowers, including astrophysicist Dr Eric Davis and retired Air Force Major David Grusch, have alleged that at least four alien species exist, including a race known as the Reptilians.

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{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

Alien Base Feels Threatened...Puts 100 Meter UFO Over Mount Etna, east coast of the island of Sicily, Italy Oct 17, 2026, UAP News.

Date of sighting: Oct 16, 2026

Location of sighting: Mount Etna Volcano, Sicily, Italy

Source cam:

• https://www.skylinewebcams.com/en/webcam/italia/sicilia/catania/vulcano-etna-versante-nord.html

 

Guys I just caught this yesterday and have been trying to make the video close ups so that you could see it better. I added a slight close up several times focusing on the mouth of the volcano as well as close ups of the UFO itself passing behind the clouds. I did this so you the reader will not miss any details that are incredibly significant to determining that it is a real UFO. Its about 100 meters across and its just hovering in place. I recorded 30 min of raw footage, making it faster to not waste your time so its now 7 minutes 30 seconds of footage. Its just amazing to see these things. I haven't seen UFOs like this over volcanos in about ten years so why are they doing it suddenly? Well I feel that must feel the alien base might be in danger by an outside threat. This could be the USA wanting to take over an actual alien base on Earth but most likely its an alien threat not of this planet. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

He's never been one to shy away from pushing the limit – but Elon Musk might find he has gone too far after unveiling the world's first flying car today.

In a stunning clip, the Tesla Roadster goes up an upside down ramp before doing a flip and falling toward the ground – before the rocket thrusters activate and allow it to hover to safety, as the crowd roars. 

Musk declared the new vehicle is 'going to crush every track record that has ever existed', and claimed it would be available by 2028.

It can basically fly like a rocket. It could do rolls. It could do crazy gymnastics. Whatever you want, really,' he added. 

Speaking at the reveal event in Texas, Musk explained that the car's impressive flipping abilities were due to the addition of 'altitude controls, thrusters and main thrusters in the rear'.

He did caution, however, that 'this is not necessarily a safety-optimized car, but it takes the fun meter to 11 out of ten'. 

Last year, Musk promised the redesigned Roadster – Tesla's original car that hasn't been in production since 2012 – would fly, in part because he said fellow billionaire Peter Thiel wants a flying vehicle. 

And he appeared to make those dreams come true last night, live from SpaceX's testing facility in McGregor.

Elon Musk brought his long-promised flying Tesla Roadster to the public eye for the first time, with a declaration that 'flying cars are real' and a promise to make them available by 2028

Musk appeared to make his dreams come true Thursday night at a reveal event live from SpaceX's testing facility in McGregor, Texas

More clips of the new Roadster shared by Musk on X showcase even more dramatic flying abilities.

In one demonstration, the car drives directly towards a row of parked vehicles before flinging itself into the air, flipping over and landing safely on the other side.

In another, the Roadster jumps directly into the air from a stationary position, hovering as it rolls over and gently lowers itself back to the ground in a cloud of smoke. 

The car's rapid-firing thrusters with their plumes of white smoke are reminiscent of the Reaction Control System used to control spacecraft and lunar landers, such as SpaceX's Starship Human Landing System.

This might not be much of a surprise, given that Musk says the new Tesla Roadster has been designed in collaboration with SpaceX.

Besides its stunning rocket abilities, Tesla says the Roadster can accelerate from 0-60 miles per hour in approximately 0.81 seconds and hit a top speed of 230mph. 

The company's engineers claim the Roadster uses a suction fan system under the car that generates up to 2G of downforce that lets it stick to the road, Car Sales reported.

The vehicle goes all the way up an upside-down ramp before doing a flip in the air and falling toward the ground, but not before the attitude-control thrusters and rear rocket thrusters activate and allow it to hover to safety

The car's rapid-firing thrusters with their plumes of white smoke are reminiscent of the Reaction Control System used to control spacecraft and lunar landers

According to the tech billionaire, this is what allowed the car to stick to a steel ramp even when upside-down.

Musk says he is currently targeting 2028 to begin production of the new sports car.

On Tesla's 'Reserve Your Roadster' webpage, customers can pay a refundable $50,000 (£37,525) deposit on a 'performance' model Tesla Roadster featuring 'active aero and a multi-mode suction system'.

Customers can also reserve a model with a 'thrust' augment, featuring 'acceleration thrusters' for $250,000 (£187,656).

Meanwhile, a 'rocket' augment is available on an invite-only basis, and claims to be: 'Air ready with seating for one. Includes Performance and Thrust, plus a full flight system.' 

However, the full price of the vehicle is yet to be confirmed, and the road legality of some features remains unclear.  

'I'm not sure it's necessarily legal in all jurisdictions, but there will be such a car that someone can own,' said Musk.

Musk's obsession with flying cars dates back to 2018, when he teased a 'SpaceX package' for the Roadster that would use cold-air thrusters – actual rocket tech – to boost performance, improve han dling, and maybe even 'hover' for short bursts. 

Musk declared the new vehicle is 'going to crush every track record that has ever existed

However, in 2017, Musk claimed flying cars would never take off. 

'Obviously, I like flying things,' Musk told Bloomberg. 

'But it's difficult to imagine the flying car becoming a scalable solution.'

He also said there's a risk of falling debris if flying cars were to get in a mid-air crash.

'If somebody doesn't maintain their flying car, it could drop a hubcap and guillotine you,' Musk said. 

'Your anxiety level will not decrease as a result of things that weigh a lot buzzing around your head.'

But if this latest demonstration is to be believed, Tesla appears to have overcome some of those technical limitations to bring flying cars from science fiction to reality.

In an interview with Joe Rogan last year, Musk insisted the car's next unveiling is 'getting close', and said a press event with the flying car will land before the end of the year.  

During the three-hour podcast, he spent a few minutes trying to sell Rogan on the Cybertruck before Rogan cut in to ask: 'What about the Roadster?'

'Oh, that's coming,' Musk replied before coyly adding a few vague details. 

'We're going to do something really special with that. It's going to be the most memorable product unveil ever.'

Rogan asked him for more information after they turned off the recording equipment.  

Musk did caution, however, that 'this is not necessarily a safety-optimized car, but it takes the fun meter to 11 out of ten'

Tesla has been promising the Roadster since 2017 – and taking deposits on the high–powered vehicle

Earlier this year, Toyota announced it was doubling down on its vision of flying taxis after announcing a major new manufacturing partnership with California-based Joby Aviation. 

Their goal is to mass produce electric aircraft capable of whisking passengers over congested cities at speeds of almost 200mph.

The Japanese auto giant is taking a controlling 51 per cent stake in the new venture, called Joby Toyota Aero Manufacturing Preparation Company, while Joby will own the remaining 49 per cent.

The announcement sent Joby's shares soaring as investors cheered what could become one of the biggest milestones yet in the race to bring commercial air taxis to everyday commuters.

Rather than looking like a conventional aeroplane, Joby's futuristic craft is a cross between a helicopter and a sleek private jet.

The all-electric vehicle uses six tilting propellers to take off and land vertically before transitioning into forward flight like an aeroplane. 

It can carry a pilot and four passengers, and it's designed to reach speeds of nearly 200mph while producing far less noise than a traditional helicopter.

Toyota said the partnership will focus on improving manufacturing quality, reducing production costs and eventually mass-producing the aircraft.

Elon Musk unveils Tesla's "flying car" more than a decade in the making

Tesla Roadster: Elon Musk unveils first flying car with SpaceX rocket thrusters

Tesla shows off new flying car concept

{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

This Man With Reportedly 210 IQ Claims Death Is Not the End and All Your Lifetimes Could Exist Simultaneously

ByVicky Verma

Langan discussed these ideas during a lengthy July 2021 appearance on the Theories of Everything podcast with Curt Jaimungal, where he explained his unusual understanding of consciousness, the universe, God, and what happens when someone dies. He describes a reality in which consciousness and physical existence are interconnected parts of a much larger system that continuously processes information and determines how reality develops.

Langan became widely known for his exceptionally high intelligence, with reported IQ estimates ranging from 195 to 210. His life attracted considerable attention because, despite his intellectual abilities, he spent years working in physically demanding jobs, including as a nightclub bouncer. Journalist Malcolm Gladwell later discussed Langan in his 2008 book Outliers, examining how intelligence alone does not guarantee conventional success.

Langan developed much of his intellectual work independently, studying mathematics, physics, philosophy, and other subjects outside the traditional academic system.  During the 1980s, he began developing what he calls the Cognitive-Theoretic Model of the Universe, or CTMU, an ambitious philosophical and mathematical framework intended to explain the relationship between consciousness and reality.

He argues that a genuine theory of everything cannot simply describe particles, forces, and the physical laws governing the universe. It must also explain why consciousness exists, how intelligence is possible, and how the universe can contain beings capable of understanding their own existence.

In the interview, Langan explained that conventional theories of everything generally attempt to unify the fundamental forces of nature into a single physical framework. However, he believes such theories address only part of the problem because they do not fully explain cognition or the relationship between an observer and the reality being observed. His CTMU attempts to approach the entire question from a metaphysical perspective, treating consciousness and physical existence as interconnected rather than completely separate phenomena.

One of his most unusual statements concerns the possibility that reality itself operates like a language. Langan describes the CTMU as the “language that reality speaks to itself about itself.” In his view, the universe is not merely a collection of physical objects interacting according to mathematical equations. Reality also has an underlying logical structure through which information is organized, interpreted, and processed. He believes this structure allows reality to recognize itself and participate in its own evolution.

Langan argues that language should not be understood merely as something humans use to communicate. In mathematics and logic, a language can consist of symbols, rules, relationships, and operations that determine how information is structured. He applies this idea to existence itself, proposing that reality possesses something resembling an internal grammar. Within this framework, physical events are not separate from information but are expressions of the underlying structure that makes those events possible.

During the interview, he explained the difference between syntax and semantics, two concepts that play an important role in his theory. Syntax concerns the rules and structures through which symbols are organized, while semantics concerns their meaning and interpretation. He used the example of looking at a book written in an unfamiliar language such as Sanskrit. Someone who cannot understand the language might see only unfamiliar shapes on a page, even though those symbols contain information that becomes meaningful once the reader understands the underlying system.

Langan believes something similar occurs when human beings observe the universe. People perceive objects, movement, matter, and physical events, but understanding what they observe requires a system capable of interpreting information. His theory attempts to connect this act of interpretation with the structure of reality itself. He argues that intelligence and intelligibility are mutually connected, meaning reality must possess a structure that can be understood while also containing the capacity for understanding.

This leads to another extraordinary part of his theory. Langan proposes that reality is fundamentally a self-simulating system, meaning it does not necessarily require an external computer, programmer, or intelligence existing outside everything else. Instead, reality is capable of organizing and processing itself through its own underlying structure. He explored this argument in his 2020 paper, The Reality Self-Simulation Principle: Reality is a Self-Simulation, published in the journal Cosmos and History.

The distinction is important because Langan is not simply claiming that human beings are characters inside a computer simulation created by an advanced civilization. His argument concerns the ultimate nature of existence itself. If reality includes everything that exists, he reasons that its fundamental structure cannot depend on something completely outside reality. According to the CTMU, the universe must therefore be capable of containing the principles that explain its own existence and development.

Langan also believes that this relationship between information, intelligence, and reality provides a way to understand consciousness. Within his framework, consciousness is not treated merely as an accidental feature produced by biological activity. Instead, cognition is part of the larger structure through which reality recognizes and processes itself. This does not establish that consciousness can survive without the brain, but it explains why Langan considers the possibility of survival after physical death a natural consequence of his model.

His explanation becomes particularly unusual when Jaimungal asks him what happens after death. Rather than immediately describing an afterlife, Langan first explains what he believes death actually means. According to him, dying terminates the relationship between consciousness and the particular physical body a person currently possesses. In other words, the body stops functioning, but that does not necessarily mean the conscious aspect of existence is permanently destroyed.

Langan describes physical existence as a form of instantiation, meaning that something becomes expressed in a particular form within the world we experience. In his terminology, our ordinary physical reality belongs to what he calls the terminal domain. The human body is one way in which consciousness can participate in this domain, but his theory allows for the possibility that consciousness has a deeper existence not restricted to that particular physical form.

He claims that when someone dies, consciousness is withdrawn from its present physical existence and moves back toward what he calls the origin of reality. This should not be confused with a literal journey through space, because he is describing a change in the underlying state of existence rather than movement from one physical location to another. The body remains part of the physical world, while the conscious identity is understood within his model as having a relationship with a deeper structure.

A December 2024 article published by Anomalien describes this possibility as the soul moving into another dimension or plane of existence within the computational structure of reality. This is a way of interpreting Langan’s ideas, although his own explanation is more technical. He does not provide a description of an identifiable supernatural location where souls gather after death. Instead, he d iscusses a level of reality that is not subject to the same physical and temporal conditions experienced by human beings.

Another remarkable aspect of his explanation is the possibility of receiving a new physical body. Langan suggests that after consciousness is withdrawn from its current form, it could be provided with a substitute body, another kind of terminal existence through which it can continue experiencing reality. In this interpretation, death would represent the end of one physical relationship rather than the permanent disappearance of the individual from existence.

However, this raises another question that Jaimungal brings up during the interview. If consciousness continues after the body dies and later becomes associated with another form, what happens to the memories of the previous life? Would a person remember their family, relationships, experiences, and identity, or would everything associated with that existence be erased?

Langan’s response introduces one of the strangest concepts in his theory. He argues that information does not simply disappear from what he calls the conspansive manifold, a mathematical structure associated with the CTMU. According to his explanation, memories belonging to a previous existence could remain recoverable within this larger structure of reality. The fact that a person no longer has access to those memories would not necessarily mean the information itself has been destroyed.

He also suggests that remembering previous lives may not always be necessary. Once consciousness is no longer associated with a particular physical existence, memories connected with that former life might have little relevance to its new circumstances. From this perspective, a person could continue existing in another form without consciously remembering who they were before, even though information associated with their former existence remains part of reality’s underlying structure.

This is different from the familiar idea that reincarnation requires a person to carry recognizable memories from one body into another. Langan’s explanation allows for a distinction between the continued existence of information and the ability of an individual to consciously retrieve it. He also refers to psychological changes associated with the moment of death, suggesting that the transition itself could alter the way consciousness relates to memories and personal identity.

But his theory becomes even more unusual when he discusses time. Langan argues that asking what happens after death may be misleading because the word “after” assumes that consciousness continues to experience time in the same way it does while attached to a physical body. In his framework, leaving the terminal domain also means leaving the ordinary temporal conditions associated with physical existence.

Read also:

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• Grant Morrison Said ‘Aliens’ Took Him Outside Space-Time And Showed Him What Humans Really Are
• Former U.S. Army ‘Psychic Spy’ Claims CIA Uses 23andMe and Ancestry to Hunt for ‘Alien DNA’
• Chris Bledsoe Says “The Lady” Showed Him a Vision of an Israel-Iran Nuclear Crisis—Then the Sky Filled With Orbs

He uses the term metatemporal to describe this different relationship with time. In the familiar physical world, people experience events as a sequence in which the past has already happened, the present is occurring now, and the future has yet to arrive. Langan proposes that this arrangement may not apply in the same way beyond the terminal domain, where different physical histories could have a relationship that cannot be understood through ordinary chronological order.

The idea leads to his extraordinary suggestion about reincarnation. Langan argues that if a person experiences multiple lifetimes, those reincarnations could be meta-simultaneous. Rather than unfolding as completely separate events within a single universal timeline, different lifetimes could coexist at a deeper level of reality. He describes a non-terminal domain in which there is a sense that those reincarnations all occur at once.

His claim concerns a deeper relationship between different lifetimes outside the conventional experience of time. Someone living in one particular body would still experience their own existence as a normal sequence of events, even if the wider structure containing that lifetime was not organized according to the same chronological limitations.

One particularly strange implication of this explanation is that a person’s relationship with past and future lives might be completely different from how reincarnation is commonly imagined. Instead of consciousness finishing one life, waiting for another birth, and then beginning a new existence, Langan’s theory allows the possibility that these lives belong to a larger structure in which their apparent separation depends on the perspective from which they are experienced.

His statement that consciousness already exists in this metatemporal relationship while a person is alive makes the idea even more unusual. Within the CTMU, ordinary physical existence would represent only one aspect of a much broader reality. A person experiences the present moment through their current body, while the deeper structure of reality may not be confined to that individual’s experience of time.

Langan also connects his theory with religious questions, including the existence of God, the soul, free will, and the afterlife. He has argued that the CTMU can provide a logical and mathematical foundation for these concepts. However, this is not the same as an independently accepted scientific demonstration that God or an afterlife exists. The mathematical and philosophical arguments belong to Langan’s own framework, and experimental evidence has not established their conclusions.

His views on death therefore differ from traditional descriptions of heaven and hell. Rather than presenting death as a simple departure from Earth to a fixed spiritual destination, he describes a fundamental change in the relationship between consciousness, physical existence, and time. The possibility of another body, the recoverability of memories, and the coexistence of different lifetimes are all connected to his broader argument that reality possesses a self-processing informational structure.

Interestingly, Langan’s views share similarities with those of physicist Thomas Campbell, who also believes that consciousness is fundamental to reality. As discussed in our previous article, Campbell suggests that the physical universe is like a virtual reality, where human bodies serve as temporary avatars for consciousness. Both believe that consciousness exists beyond the physical body and that death may not be the end of our existence.

Similarly, neurosurgeon Dr. Eben Alexander, who reported a remarkable near-death experience, argues that the brain does not create consciousness but acts more like a filter through which we experience physical reality. Although their explanations differ, Alexander and Langan both suggest that consciousness may continue after death. What makes Langan’s theory particularly unusual is his claim that reality has a computational structure and that all our different lifetimes could exist simultaneously beyond ordinary time. However, these ideas remain speculative and have not been scientifically proven.

{ https://howandwhys.com/ }                                                                           

The Perseverance Rover Reaches Another Milestone

Rover Surpasses Historic Apollo 17 And Lunokhod 2 Distances | WION News

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Tic-tac UFO Revealed In Dept of War 6th drop, Close up here, UAP Alien Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 2023

Location of sighting: USA (no other info given)

Source: Dept of War

Link:

• https://www.war.gov/UFO/?releaseDate=Release+06&release=06#LLE-UAP-PR002-Unresolved-UAP-Report-Colorado-October-2023

I was looking at the Dept of War website at the 6th drop videos and found one that was interesting. Its a glowing light recorded by a police officer for a little over 15 minutes and the sighting is recorded on his cell phone which seems to be propped up on his car to keep it steady...like using a tripod to prevent shaking. The object does change color from red, green, white and at first I assumed the light was the whole craft. I was wrong! I took three screenshots, enlarged them and one of them revealed a craft around the light itself. The craft is actually 6X bigger than the light, in a tic-tac shape and having a greenish tint to it. 

 

The big question is...is it alien? Right here...I have difficulty saying that due to the fact the US gov has had UFOs in their possession since the late 1940s and has been flying alien tech thats been back engineered since the 1990s...and yes it could be an alien tech craft that the US gov is teaching its pilots to use. The fact its sitting in the same position for 15 minutes is odd, as if its trying look like a star in the sky...a method of camouflage...not invisibility...is very US military like. So...its hard to call this one. However the shape is similar to Tall White alien ships leaving behind Nellis AFB. Very confusing this one. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Generally, cooler stars appear reddish or orange, transitioning toward white and eventually blue as their temperatures increase. However, the new research reveals a much broader range of colors that can occur among these small, dense stellar remnants.

White Dwarfs

These dense objects are the remnants of once Sun-like stars that burned out long ago. Despite being relatively small and technically “dead,” they can remain extremely hot. As a result, many glow in the white-to-blue portion of the visible spectrum, hence their name.

The new research, however, reveals that their colors can also include green, pink, cyan, yellow, and purple, offering a surprising variety of hues that would become apparent if we could observe these distant objects more closely.

“Most stars, including most white dwarfs, behave like ‘perfect radiators,’ so their colour is set almost entirely by temperature. But nobody had really looked into what else might be possible for white dwarfs,” said Dr Mark Hollands, Warwick Prize Fellow in the Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, University of Warwick, who led the work. “It turns out these incredibly dense stars can produce colours nobody expected, and some of them genuinely surprised me.”

What Colors a White Dwarf?

The unusually dense atmospheres of white dwarfs play an important role in determining their colors. Under these extreme conditions, elements such as carbon, calcium, and sodium can interact with helium-rich plasma, absorbing specific wavelengths of light in ways that would not occur in the less dense atmospheres of Sun-like stars. As certain wavelengths are absorbed, the star’s apparent color shifts, much as though a filter had been placed over its light.

Pink or purple hues can result from carbon-rich atmospheres, while yellow colors may arise from elements deposited by asteroids and comets. In relatively cool white dwarfs, interactions involving hydrogen and helium can also produce a cyan appearance.

The first identified green white dwarf, WD J1330+6435, has an atmospheric temperature of approximately 4,000°C. Its unusual coloration results from a combination of calcium, lithium, and sodium, likely originating from rocky material drawn in from its planetary system.

“The traces of sodium in the atmosphere of this white dwarf absorb the orange part of the spectrum, leaving behind a ghostly green glow,” Dr. Hollands said. “Imagine standing on a planet and looking up at a green star. It feels like something out of science fiction.”

Modeling Star Color

This remarkable assortment of colors isn’t commonly visible in our night sky, since most white dwarfs are too distant and faint for their colors to be readily distinguished by the human eye.

Instead, astronomers use spectroscopy to separate starlight into its component wavelengths, revealing information about a star’s temperature, composition, and other physical properties. For the new research, the team processed these measurements using a model that simulates human color vision, allowing them to determine how the stars would actually appear to an observer.

Despite the intriguing findings, the familiar white coloration remains far more common. Of the 151 white dwarfs examined within approximately 65 light-years of Earth, only five displayed unusual colors.

“One in thirty might not sound like a huge fraction, but across the entire population of white dwarfs in the Universe, that is still a lot of oddly coloured stars out there,” Professor Boris Gänsicke, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, concluded. “Yet if we take the median across a representative population of white dwarfs, we found that the average white dwarf really is white.”

The paper, “Any Colour You Like: The Diverse Chromaticities of White Dwarfs,” appeared in RAS Techniques and Instruments on October 14, 2026.

• Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

Path Jesus may have walked to his crucifixion unearthed after 2,000 years

• READ MORE: True tomb of Jesus discovered after 2,000 years as hidden location that aligns with Bible account is found

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

A church in Jerusalem stands over the sites where Christians believe Jesus was crucified and buried - and a discovery beneath it may shed new light on his final journey to the cross. 

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre dates back to the fourth century, when Roman Emperor Constantine ordered a church built around the burial place believed to be Jesus' tomb.

Archaeologists have uncovered plant remains suggesting parts of the site were once cultivated, echoing the Gospel of John's description of a garden containing a new tomb near the place of crucifixion.

A newly published archaeological report details another intriguing discovery: a stone-paved road with a broad, shallow step edged with larger stones.

The surviving section measures roughly 10 by 12 feet and lies beneath a Crusader-era walkway inside the church. Its original edges no longer survive, but its curve and pronounced slope suggest it climbed toward the southwest.

Professor Francesca Romana Stasolla, who leads the excavation, wrote: 'One possibility – at present no more than a hypothesis – is that this was a suburban road ascending toward the area of the Calvary, assuming that the site functioned as a place of public executions.' The Bible says Jesus was crucified on Calvary.

Stasolla considered whether it served Roman construction crews, but the step would have hindered carts hauling heavy building materials. Its construction and dimensions also made it unlikely to have been merely a small path leading to nearby tombs.

Roman executions were public spectacles, and an approach road needed to accommodate spectators whose presence added to the humiliation of the condemned.

Archaeologists uncovered an ancient road under the church, which could have been taken by Jesus to the cross nearly 2,000 years ago

'What is certain is that the place of execution must have been public and accessible,' Stasolla of Sapienza University of Rome in Italy wrote.

Although ancient accounts describe mass crucifixions around Jerusalem, archaeologists have yet to securely identify a designated execution ground.

The road was found in an early Roman phase predating Emperor Hadrian's second-century redevelopment of Jerusalem, leaving open the possibility that it was in use during Jesus' lifetime. 

Researchers also considered whether the road served construction crews during Emperor Hadrian's redevelopment, when the area was incorporated into the city. 

Such service routes, known as 'strade di lizza,' were used to transport building materials.

However, the road's step makes that explanation unlikely, as it would have obstructed carts and made hauling large architectural pieces either uphill or downhill difficult.

The stretch of road was abandoned during the construction of Constantine's church complex in the fourth century. 

Christians were already visiting places associated with Jesus' suffering and death, but those pilgrimages did not yet follow a defined route.

Israel has closed the Church of the Holy Sepulchre indefinitely due to escalating security concerns as the war in Iran intensifies

Read More

Bible proven to be 'true' as ancient discoveries shed new light on Jesus' life

It was during the Middle Ages, particularly the Crusader period, that the Via Dolorosa became established as a sequence of streets commemorating Jesus' journey from the Roman governor's headquarters to Calvary.

Stasolla led the excavation from May 2022 to October 2025, but the broader project began in 2019, and her team continues studying the finds and documentation after the digging ended. 

In April 2025, she and her team announced they had uncovered remnants of an ancient garden beneath the foundation of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

The analysis dated the remains to the pre-Christian era, around the time of Jesus' crucifixion and burial. Historians generally date his death to around 33 AD.

The discovery adds new detail to the longstanding debate over the location of Jesus’ burial.

Archeologists were excavating the floor of the church (pictured) when the uncovered signs of an ancient garden that is mentioned in the Bible as where Jesus was laid to rest

There is a long-held debate over where Jesus was laid to rest. Some say the church while others believe he was put inside an ancient rock-cut tomb, known as the Garden Tomb (pictured), which aligns with Biblical text

Many scholars favor the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, citing evidence that the surrounding area contained rock-cut tombs during the period in which Jesus lived. The Garden Tomb, another ancient burial site in Jerusalem, remains an alternative location favored by some Christians.

The original Holy Sepulchre church was commissioned by Roman Emperor Constantine I and inaugurated in AD 335, roughly 300 years after Jesus’ death.

Ancient accounts describe Roman religious structures associated with the worship of Venus being cleared from the site, exposing a tomb identified by Christians as Jesus’ burial place.

Stasolla suggested that knowledge of the tomb’s location may have passed down through generations of the early Christian community. Constantine’s builders cut away the surrounding rock, preserving the burial chamber and making it a focal point of the new sanctuary.

The team also uncovered part of a circular base made from reused marble beneath the shrine enclosing the revered tomb. Measuring approximately 20 feet in diameter, the base may belong partly or entirely to a later rebuilding rather than Constantine’s original construction.

Analyses of the mortar joining its slabs are underway to help establish the sequence in which the structure was built and altered.

{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

Elon Musk has shocked the world by unveiling a spectacular demonstration of a new Tesla flying car.

At a launch event for the new Tesla Roadster, crowds watched in disbelief as the car drove upside–down on a ramp, flipped into the air, and lowered itself safely in a cloud of smoke.

Speaking at the event, a triumphant Musk declared: 'Flying cars are real… It's got altitude controls, thrusters and main thrusters in the rear. So it can basically fly like a rocket, it can do rolls, crazy gymnastics.'

However, on social media, tech fans have been left baffled by the outlandish stunt, with tech blogger Marques Brownlee asking: 'This is a prank, right?'

Mr Brownlee wrote in a sceptical post on X: 'They really just got on stage and said this newly designed 4000+ pound car can do flips and go half the speed of sound (380+mph) and will ship in 2028.' 

Meanwhile, some Tesla fans didn't question whether the flying Roadster really existed but weren't certain it would ever be safe to drive.

As one commenter bluntly joked: 'Car insurance companies are going to s*** themselves.'

Elon Musk has shocked the world by unveiling a spectacular demonstration of a new Tesla flying car

On social media, tech fans have been left baffled by the outlandish stunt, with tech blogger Marques Brownlee asking: 'This is a prank, right?'

Last year, Musk promised the retooled Roadster – Tesla's original car that hasn't been in production since 2012 – would fly, in part because he said fellow billionaire Peter Thiel wants a flying vehicle. 

And the billionaire appears to have made his dreams come true at a live event on Thursday night from SpaceX's testing facility in McGregor, Texas.

In one demonstration, the Roadster drove directly towards a row of parked vehicles before flinging itself into the air, flipping over, and landing safely on the other side.

In another, the Roadster jumped directly into the air from a stationary position, hovering as it rolled over and gently lowered itself back to the ground in a cloud of smoke. 

Besides its stunning rocket abilities, Tesla says the Roadster can accelerate from 0–60 miles per hour in approximately 0.81 seconds and hit a top speed of 230mph.

The car is even supposedly fitted with a suction fan system under the car that generates up to 2G of downforce that lets it stick to the road, enabling it to drive upside down on a steel ramp.

However, tech fans on social media have been quick to question whether such a groundbreaking innovation could be real.

One commenter wrote on X: 'Bro this does not look real no f*****g way.'

In a stunning clip, the new Tesla Roadster drives upside–down on a ramp before launching itself into a flip and landing safely  

Tech fans have taken to social media to poke fun at the impractical nature of Tesla's supposed flying car 

Real life if you ignore gravity, insurance, and the price of tires,' another added.

Even Musk himself appeared to question whether the flying version of the Tesla Roadster would ever be available. 

He said: 'I'm not sure it's necessarily legal in all jurisdictions, but there will be such a car that someone can own.' 

Meanwhile, even tech fans who thought the demonstration was real were baffled as to why anyone would want this feature in their own car.

'Imagine being inside a car that does this and getting instant brain damage,' wrote one.

'Imagine pushing the wrong button and your car does this,' joked another.

While one commenter chimed in: 'So what will happen to my coffee and bags in that moment.'

But despite some critical responses, the overwhelming sentiment online has been one of amazement.

Tesla fans joked that they could use the jumping abilities of the new Roadster to skip traffic 

One bemused Tesla fan wrote: 'We're living in a simulation. Exhibit A.'

'It's like watching Blade Runner 2049 happening in 2026.'

Another added: 'Absolutely speechless. Never in my wildest dreams did I ever think I'd live to see the day where we had a flying car.'

Even Silicon Valley's tech elites flocked to offer their congratulations to Musk on his impressive innovation.

Demis Hassabis, co–founder and chair of Google DeepMind, responded to Musk's post saying: 'Huge congrats @elonmusk! Incredible work, Blade Runner cars here we come...'

Likewise, Google and Alphabet CEO Sundar Pichai wrote: 'The FSD [Full Self–Driving] version of this will be something:) congrats!'

Meanwhile, excited tech fans have already started to dream about what this next generation of flying cars might be used for.

One commenter wrote: 'I could have used this in traffic today.'

Elon Musk brought his long–promised flying Tesla Roadster to the public eye for the first time, with a declaration that 'flying cars are real' and a promise to make them available by 2028

Musk says he is currently targeting 2028 to begin production of the new sports car, but warned that some of the features may not be legal in all countries 

Another added: 'The next James Bond film has to feature this car.'

While one Tesla enthusiast jokingly suggested: 'Perfect escape car for a heist'.

Musk says he is currently targeting 2028 to begin production of the new sports car.

On Tesla's 'Reserve Your Roadster' webpage, customers can pay a refundable $50,000 (£37,525) deposit on a 'performance' model Tesla Roadster featuring 'active aero and a multi–mode suction system'.

Customers can also reserve a model with a 'thrust' augment, featuring 'acceleration thrusters' for $250,000 (£187,656).

Meanwhile, a 'rocket' augment is available on an invite–only basis, and claims to be: 'Air ready with seating for one. Includes Performance and Thrust, plus a full flight system.' 

Musk's obsession with flying cars dates back to 2018, when he teased a 'SpaceX package' for the Roadster that would use cold–air thrusters – actual rocket tech – to boost performance, improve handling, and maybe even 'hover' for short bursts. 

However, in 2017, Musk claimed flying cars would never take off. 

'Obviously, I like flying things,' Musk told Bloomberg. 

'But it's difficult to imagine the flying car becoming a scalable solution.'

He also said there's a risk of falling debris if flying cars were to get in a mid–air crash.

'If somebody doesn't maintain their flying car, it could drop a hubcap and guillotine you,' Musk said. 

'Your anxiety level will not decrease as a result of things that weigh a lot buzzing around your head.'

But if this latest demonstration is to be believed, Tesla appears to have overcome some of those technical limitations to bring flying cars from science fiction to reality.

Elon Musk’s Flying Tesla Is REAL ... And It Just Jumped A Row Of Cars | The Low Down

{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

Giant 'UFO mothership' spotted shooting across Earth's sun at 'near light speed', claims UFOlogist

• READ MORE: I'm a pastor who attended a secret UFO disclosure meeting. We saw images of 'translucent beings' that chilled me to the bone... the files could fulfil a dark biblical prophecy 

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

NASA's probe circling the sun recently captured a mysterious object soaring by.

An image from the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), taken on October 3, shows the sun releasing coronal streamers, bright, elongated, cusp-like structures in its outer atmosphere.

However, a white, cylinder-shaped object also appears on the right side of the frame, which a UFO researcher hailed as a 'mothership.'

Scott C Waring claimed the alien craft measured about 2.5 miles across and half a mile wide. 

'A ship that large could carry tens of thousands of passengers across the universe in no time,' Waring shared on his site UFO Sightings Daily.

'Also, the ship is using a tractor beam to safely pull three different smaller orb craft with it, which is visible in the photo after I put it into negative format view.'

However, NASA has maintained that it has no evidence of UFOs or extraterrestrial life. 

While the space agency has not acknowledged the object in the image, Waring said the it 'is something NASA will never talk about.' 

A white, cylinder-shaped object appears on the right side of the frame, which a UFO researcher hailed as a 'mothership'

'Something that is 100 percent proof that aliens pass through our own solar system daily, while the public is kept in the dark of such things existing,' he continued in the blog post on UFO Sightings Daily.

Waring claimed that the mothership was also traveling 'near the speed of light.'

'Also the ship is using a tractor beam to safely pull three different smaller orb craft with it, which is visible in the photo after I put it into negative format view,' he added.

The UFO researcher compared the size of the 'UFO' to that of 3I/ATLAS, the mysterious interstellar visitor that captivated the world in 2025.

The object is believed to be up to 3.5 miles long, but Harvard professor Avi Loeb, who tracked the 3I/ATLAS extensively, said it 'could be six miles or larger.' 

The object was first identified in July 2025 by the ATLAS telescope network, which looks for objects that might hit Earth.

Loeb considers the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS most likely a natural comet, though he has kept open the possibility of artificial or technological origins due to several unusual features.

Scott C Waring claimed the alien craft measured about 2.5 miles across and half a mile wide

Waring said: 'The size and dimensions are similar to comet Atlas which is also a spaceship...but that was suppose to be gone last year...so mark that possibility off, unless it's passing through again as spaceships often change directions and routes.' 

While 3I/ATLAS is billions of miles from Earth, Loeb recently published a report suggesting our Solar System may be far more crowded with interstellar objects, chunks of rock or ice from other star systems, than anyone realized.

He presented new data and calculations in February that indicated roughly 35 million meter-scale interstellar objects are embedded inside Earth's orbit.

Read More

Swarm of interstellar objects detected passing within Earth's orbit around the sun

This conclusion comes from the detection of two interstellar meteor candidates, CNEOS-22 and CNEOS-25, recorded in 2022 over the Pacific and in 2025 over the Barents Sea in the Arctic.

The objects were small, about six feet and four feet across, but traveling fast enough to exceed the Solar System's escape velocity.

Loeb and his team estimated that such meteors collide with Earth about once every three years, implying a dense population of similar objects around the Sun.

Each meter-scale object could carry roughly three million tons of material, totaling about 220 billion tons within Earth's orbit.

Larger interstellar objects like 3I/ATLAS are far rarer, but their greater mass makes their total contribution similar, suggesting smaller objects may be fragments of bigger bodies.

Loeb said studying this population could reveal how material moves between star systems.

This idea builds on discoveries like the famous 'Oumuamua and comet Borisov, plus newer findings about massive interstellar objects, implying that space is filled with 'interstellar trash' drifting between stars.

The first known interstellar visitor, the object 'Oumuamua, was detected on October 19, 2017, as it passed through the inner Solar System.

Two years later, on August 30, 2019, comet Borisov became the second confirmed interstellar object, traveling on a hyperbolic path that marked it as a visitor from another star system.

With improved observations, including next-generation telescopes and potential space interceptors, scientists could better measure interstellar visitors' properties, origins, and trajectories.

 {https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

Astronaut Who Walked on the Moon Says UFOs Are Actually Demons

Do Animals Sense UFOs Before Humans? Strange Encounters Suggest They Might

Dogs suddenly panic. Horses rear in terror. Cattle scatter without warning. Then, moments later, a mysterious object appears in the sky.

Throughout the history of UFO research, witnesses have reported unusual animal behavior occurring before or during encounters with unidentified flying objects. While most investigations focus on the appearance, movement, and technology of these mysterious craft, another potentially important clue is often overlooked: the reactions of animals.

In a recent discussion, UFO researcher Richard Dolan explored several historical cases involving dogs, horses, cattle, and other animals that reportedly reacted to UFOs before their human companions even noticed anything unusual.

Could animals be detecting sounds beyond human hearing? Are they sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances? Or might something even stranger be involved?

Let’s examine the reported encounters and the possible explanations.

The 1965 Ohio UFO Encounter: A Dog and Horse Panic

On May 20, 1965, six members of the McDonald family reportedly witnessed a strange object hovering over their property in Leroy Township, Ohio.

According to the account, a silvery-white disc approximately the size of a car passed close to their rooftop. The object featured circular openings along its body and produced a low buzzing or purring sound.

But the family’s animals reacted dramatically.

Their dog fled into a nearby field, while their horse reared and ran around its tether in apparent panic. One witness described the horse’s ears as pinned backward and its eyes as wild.

What made the incident particularly unusual was that both animals were accustomed to aircraft. The family lived beneath flight paths serving nearby airports.

Neighbors also reportedly experienced television and radio interference around the time of the sighting.

The incident was documented by the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), an organization that investigated UFO reports during the twentieth century.

The combination of animal distress, unusual aerial activity, and reported electronic interference raises an interesting question: were the animals reacting to something humans could not fully perceive?

New Zealand, 1969: A Trained German Shepherd Loses Control

One of the most intriguing historical reports occurred on October 30, 1969, at the Waipukurau Aerodrome in New Zealand.

Security officer John Cudby was patrolling the airfield with his German Shepherd at approximately 3:10 a.m. when he noticed strange lights reflected in a glass door.

Turning around, he reportedly observed a metallic, saucer-shaped object hovering near a hangar.

The object was described as approximately 60 feet wide and 12 feet high, with red and green lights and a turret-like structure on top.

It also produced a low mechanical sound.

Cudby’s normally obedient dog became extremely agitated, barking, growling, circling, and ignoring commands.

As the object’s sound increased in intensity, the dog’s behavior reportedly became even more erratic.

When Cudby directed his searchlight toward the object, its underside appeared to brighten. The craft then tilted and accelerated away.

The dog’s agitation was so severe that Cudby reportedly had to lift it into his vehicle afterward.

Cudby suggested that the object might have emitted a high-frequency sound beyond human hearing.

If accurate, this encounter could support the possibility that animals perceive acoustic signals associated with unusual aerial phenomena that humans cannot hear.

Astralia, 1980: Terrified Livestock and a Mysterious Landing

On September 30, 1980, farm caretaker George Blackwell reported an extraordinary encounter near Rosedale, Victoria, Australia.

At approximately 1:00 a.m., Blackwell awoke to a strange mechanical whistling sound.

Outside, cattle were bellowing and a horse was reportedly running in panic.

Blackwell went to investigate and observed a domed object hovering near an open water tank.

The object reportedly measured approximately 25 to 28 feet across and displayed white, orange, and blue illumination.

According to his account, it eventually landed nearby.

During the encounter, the sound intensified into what Blackwell described as a mechanical scream. A dark, tube-like structure appeared around the object’s lower section.

A loud bang followed, and the object lifted off, producing a blast of hot air.

Afterward, Blackwell discovered that the water tank was empty, with mud forming a cone-shaped deposit at its center.

Investigators later examined reported physical traces associated with the incident.

Although the account does not establish what the object was, the reported animal behavior is notable because the livestock appeared disturbed before Blackwell went outside to investigate.

Denmark, 1995: A Labrador Reacts Before a Car Malfunctions

On September 29, 1995, a Danish motorist named Klaus Lund reportedly experienced an unusual event while driving with his black Labrador.

At approximately 9:30 p.m., the dog suddenly became agitated.

It began barking and clawing at the vehicle’s door.

Shortly afterward, the car reportedly experienced a series of electrical malfunctions.

The windshield wipers activated unexpectedly, dashboard instruments behaved erratically, the headlights failed, and the engine stopped.

A powerful blue-white light then appeared above the vehicle.

The incident was reportedly investigated by the Danish UFO organization SUFOI.

What makes this case especially interesting is the apparent sequence of events.

The dog reacted before the driver noticed the unusual light or the vehicle’s reported electrical problems.

Could the animal have detected an electromagnetic disturbance? Was an ultrasonic sound involved?

The available testimony cannot establish a cause, but the reported timing makes the case relevant to research into animal reactions during UFO sightings.

Pennsylvania, 2014: Dogs React to a Silvery-Blue Object

Another unusual encounter was reported in Lewistown, Pennsylvania, on July 28, 2014.

At approximately 1:00 a.m., a woman stepped outside with her dog.

Her dog suddenly ran away, while a neighbor’s dog began whimpering inside its enclosure.

Looking upward, the woman reportedly noticed a silvery-blue disc hovering just above a nearby rooftop.

She estimated that the object measured approximately 20 to 25 feet across.

Unlike conventional metallic UFO descriptions, she characterized its appearance as something resembling energy.

Within seconds, the object disappeared.

The witness also reported experiencing a brief sensation of warmth passing through her body.

Moments later, she reportedly observed the object again, this time farther away and at a higher altitude.

The account was published as MUFON case 58468.

The dogs’ behavior is particularly interesting because both animals reportedly reacted before the witness became aware of the object.

However, the report alone cannot determine whether the object caused their reactions.

Michigan, 2018: A Dog Warns Its Owner of a Triangle-Shaped UFO

On September 18, 2018, a woman in Romulus, Michigan, was reportedly awakened around 1:00 a.m. by her crying dog.

Believing the animal needed to go outside, she took it outdoors.

There, she heard a strange metallic clanging sound resembling heavy chains striking one another.

She then noticed an unusual triangular object moving slowly above her home.

The object reportedly featured two sharply defined rectangular lights and two red lights.

Meanwhile, her dog backed against the garage, whining and barking in apparent fear.

The witness described the object as moving only slightly faster than walking speed.

The case raises a question that appears repeatedly in UFO reports: how many unusual aerial events might go unnoticed if animals did not alert their owners?

Can Dogs and Other Animals Hear UFOs?

One of the most plausible explanations for these reports involves differences between human and animal hearing.

Dogs can detect higher-frequency sounds than humans, while cats can hear frequencies higher still.

Horses and cattle also have hearing abilities that differ from our own.

This means an object that appears silent to a human observer could theoretically produce sounds detectable by nearby animals.

A high-frequency mechanical whine, for example, might cause a dog to become distressed even if its owner hears nothing.

UFO researcher James McCampbell explored this possibility in his 1973 book Ufology.

He examined approximately 200 reports involving animals and proposed several potential explanations for their reactions, including unusual sounds and electromagnetic emissions.

In 1976, researcher Harold Heaton also examined a catalog of 232 UFO reports involving animal behavior.

His analysis suggested that dogs, horses, and cattle dominated the reported encounters.

Later, researcher Joan Woodward examined 104 selected UFO sightings involving animal responses in a study discussed in the MUFON UFO Journal beginning in October 2005.

She found possible associations between reported sounds and particular animal reactions.

These historical studies provide interesting starting points, but they do not demonstrate that unidentified craft emit ultrasonic frequencies.

Could Electromagnetic Fields Affect Animals?

Another hypothesis involves electromagnetic disturbances.

Some UFO reports include claims of malfunctioning radios, disrupted television reception, stalled engines, or unusual electrical behavior.

Researchers have questioned whether electromagnetic emissions might also influence animals.

McCampbell proposed that microwave emissions could potentially affect the nervous system, producing sensations of fear or interfering with movement.

One relevant scientific phenomenon is the microwave auditory effect, in which certain pulsed microwave exposures can produce perceived sounds through physical interactions with tissue.

However, the existence of this effect does not establish that it explains any UFO encounter.

No verified measurements from the incidents discussed here demonstrate that such emissions were present.

Nevertheless, electromagnetic monitoring could be valuable in future investigations involving unusual animal behavior and unidentified aerial objects.

Do Animals Have a Sixth Sense About UFOs?

Richard Dolan also explored a more speculative possibility: animal consciousness.

Animals sometimes appear to anticipate events before humans notice obvious signals.

Dogs may become excited before their owners return home, while cats sometimes hide before a trip to the veterinarian.

Researcher Rupert Sheldrake investigated claims that certain dogs could anticipate their owners’ return even when arrival times were unpredictable.

One of his best-known studies involved a dog named Jaytee, whose waiting behavior was filmed while its owner was away.

Sheldrake interpreted the results as possible evidence of an unusual connection between animals and humans.

However, the interpretation remains scientifically controversial, and telepathy has not been established as an explanation for such behavior.

Dolan raises an intriguing question: if animals can detect subtle signals associated with familiar humans, might they also respond to unfamiliar presences?

There is currently no reliable scientific evidence that animals telepathically detect UFOs or extraterrestrial intelligence.

Still, the question illustrates how UFO research sometimes intersects with broader debates about animal perception and consciousness.

What About Dolphins and Other Marine Animals?

Most reported UFO-related animal reactions involve terrestrial species.

However, Dolan also mentioned an unusual account involving dolphins.

Researcher and dolphin enthusiast Joan Ocean described an experience in Hawaii in which dolphins allegedly guided her toward enormous glowing spheres underwater.

She claimed that dolphin sounds were audible inside the spheres but not outside them.

The account is unusual, but the nature of the glowing objects remains unknown.

There is no verified evidence that they were extraterrestrial craft or even related to the UFO phenomenon.

Nevertheless, reports involving marine animals raise interesting questions about whether unusual underwater phenomena could influence animal behavior.

Are Animal Reactions Reliable Evidence of UFO Activity?

Animal reactions can provide useful contextual information during investigations, especially when they occur before human witnesses notice something unusual.

However, several important limitations must be considered.

Animals can react to many ordinary stimuli, including:

• High-frequency sounds from electrical equipment or wildlife.
• Changes in weather and atmospheric pressure.
• Unfamiliar odors or vibrations.
• Distant vehicles, aircraft, and other environmental disturbances.
• Stress, illness, or behavior from nearby animals.

Additionally, most historical UFO cases rely on witness testimony rather than controlled measurements.

An animal becoming frightened during a reported UFO sighting does not independently establish that an extraordinary craft was present.

To investigate these reports scientifically, researchers would benefit from synchronized video recordings, environmental sound measurements, electromagnetic monitoring, veterinary observations, and comparisons with periods when no unusual objects are reported.

Such evidence could help distinguish ordinary environmental triggers from genuinely unexplained events.

Final Thoughts: Are Animals Detecting Something We Cannot?

The history of UFO sightings contains numerous accounts of animals reacting strangely before or during encounters with unidentified objects.

From frightened horses in Ohio to agitated dogs in New Zealand, Denmark, and Michigan, these reports suggest a recurring theme worth examining.

The most straightforward possibilities involve sensory abilities that differ from those of humans, particularly hearing and sensitivity to subtle environmental changes.

More speculative ideas involving electromagnetic effects or unusual forms of awareness remain unproven.

The central mystery is not whether animals possess senses different from ours—they clearly do. The unanswered question is whether those abilities have ever allowed them to detect a genuinely unexplained aerial phenomenon before humans noticed it.

For now, the historical accounts offer intriguing testimony rather than conclusive scientific evidence.

But if future UFO investigations systematically document animal behavior alongside physical measurements, our four-legged companions might help researchers understand what witnesses are actually experiencing.

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https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/article-16204563/Meet-Britains-Space-Binman-satellite.html

The researchers also found evidence that three of the studied planets may be somewhat more biologically advanced than mere microbes, including one that may be ahead of Earth from an evolution perspective. However, they said these planets may host life more like what’s depicted in the Dune novels than in James Cameron’s Avatar films.

Search for Extraterrestrial Life on Nearby Planets to Determine “Who is Ahead”

When announcing their findings, the NAU team noted that scientists have long debated the seemingly high likelihood that intelligent life should exist versus the lack of evidence for such advanced extraterrestrial life.

“Physicist Enrico Fermi famously asked, given the high likelihood of intelligent extraterrestrial life in the galaxy, ‘Where are they?’ Doughty explained.

According to the NAU team, one possible explanation is a lack of plant energy that sophisticated lifeforms need to keep evolving. On Earth, warmer, wetter environments support more plant life, providing animals with the fuel they need to evolve. The researchers suspect this may apply on a planetary-wide scale, potentially offering a comparatively wet Earth an evolutionary boost over older, drier planets in our cosmic neighborhood.

“Who is ahead?” Doughty explained. “That is the mystery we are quantitatively trying to solve.”

TRAPPIST-1e and Other Candidates Orbiting Red Dwarf Stars

Unlike Earth, most rocky exoplanets astronomers have discovered orbit smaller, cooler stars called red dwarfs. While many such candidates are billions of years older than Earth, they receive much less solar energy.

Planets within a red dwarf’s habitable zone where liquid water can exist on the surface are also typically tidally locked, meaning one half of the planet never receives direct sunlight. Still, red dwarf stars are the most common type in our galaxy, increasing the chances of finding extraterrestrial life on planets orbiting them.

Study co-author Michael Gowanlock, a NAU associate informatics professor, said that even if photosynthetic life on a planet orbiting a red dwarf had billions of years more than Earth to evolve, it may still trail Earth life from an evolutionary standpoint.

“The total annual photosynthesis is likely lower because there is less light and half the planetary surface area available for photosynthesis,” Gowanlock explained.

To predict the amount of plant energy available for animal evolution on some of the most promising “nearby” life candidate exoplanets, the team modeled TRAPPIST-1e and 28 other exoplanets that may have water within Earth’s cosmic neighborhood. For example, TRAPPIST-1e is 40 light-years from Earth, so conventional rockets would take thousands of years to reach it.

For comparison, the team used the roughly 2.4 x 10²⁵ grams of carbon that were “fixed” on Earth during the 3.2 billion years before more efficient vascular plants evolved. Once plant life began, the team said that 7 x 10²⁵ grams more carbon was fixed before humans evolved.

“Advanced Life on Those Exoplanets Might be More Dune Than Avatar”

After running the simulations, the NAU team determined that TRAPPIST-1e has fixed only 21% of Earth’s carbon “despite being several billion years older than Earth.”

Study coauthor Cameron Hrabak, an NAU alumnus, said this figure, which is less than the amount fixed by the Earth before the evolution of more efficient vascular plants, suggests that TRAPPIST-1e “may only be at the microbial stage of evolution.”

That’s well behind Earth,” Hrabak said.

When they ran the same numbers for the other 28 exoplanets on their life candidate list, they found just two where life had “potentially evolved ahead of Earth’s: GJ 1061c and K2-3d.” Notably, both Earth-like exoplanets are larger, hotter, and brighter than most Earth-like planets discovered in our solar neighborhood.

The models also revealed three other “nearby” planets that could have evolved life to a stage similar to Earth’s Mesozoic, or “roughly equivalent to the age of dinosaurs on Earth.”

When discussing the types of life that might exist on those candidates, Doughty said the expected rain-limited savannah woodland conditions could evolve something one might find Muad Dib riding through the desert rather than something out of James Cameron’s vivid imagination.

“To use two pop culture references, the ecological characteristics that shape advanced life on those exoplanets might be more ‘Dune’ than ‘Avatar,’” Doughty said.

Planets Likely Filled with Microbes “and Not Advanced Aliens”

When discussing the study’s implications, the NAU team cautioned that their figures are only estimates and “not proof” of extraterrestrial life. They also note that the atmospheres around TRAPPIST-1e and other life candidates “would profoundly affect climate, photosynthesis and how life evolved.”

Ongoing efforts by the James Webb Space Telescope may offer additional data on these 29 exoplanets that could help the team further refine their models. However, Doughty said the study’s results do suggest that life on nearby Earth-like planets may be “evolutionarily behind us and still at the microbial stage.”

Which means we can sleep well, because if life on those exoplanets evolved just like on Earth, most of those planets will just be filled with microbes and not advanced aliens,” the team leader concluded. 

• Christopher Plain has spent the last six years as Associate News Editor and Head Science Reporter at The Debrief. Follow and connect with him on X, learn about his novels at plainfiction.com, or email him at christopher@thedebrief.org.

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“The key to defining life is whether something can replicate itself, and whether it can do this autonomously,” said Professor Thorsten Allers of the University of Nottingham’s School of Life Sciences and co-author of the study. “This exciting discovery provides new clues about how simple a living cell can become while remaining capable of reproducing and maintaining its own genetic information.”

About a quarter of the remaining genome encodes unusually large membrane proteins with functions that are not yet fully understood. Similar proteins are found in some parasitic archaea, leading researchers to suspect that Sukunaarchaeum may live as a parasite within or alongside another organism, although its specific host has not been identified.

A Provisional Designation

“Although it has lost almost all of the genes needed to make nutrients and energy, it has kept much of the machinery required to copy its genome and produce proteins from its genetic information,” Allers said. “This suggests that Sukunaarchaeum may be close to the minimum level of genetic information needed for an organism to remain an independent cell.”

While researchers have sequenced the genome of Sukunaarchaeum in great detail, they have never viewed the organism under a microscope. Since researchers have not yet cultured the organism, it carries the provisional designation Candidatus Sukunaarchaeum mirabile. A version of the genome was previously documented in a preprint that circulated for over a year, attracting biologists’ attention before the peer-reviewed paper was actually published.

The Limits of Cellular Life

The team’s next steps will be to determine where Sukunaarchaeum lives, what it uses as a source of nutrients and energy, and how it interacts with a potential host. This could, in turn, help answer the more fundamental question of what constitutes the minimal genetic repertoire for an independent cell to be considered alive.

• Austin Burgess is a writer and researcher with a background in sales, marketing, and data analytics. He holds an MBA, a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, and a data analytics certification. His work focuses on breaking scientific developments, with an emphasis on emerging biology, cognitive neuroscience, and archaeological discoveries.

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