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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
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Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.

Berichten van 1 september 2024 tot 30 september 2024

This Man Went To Find Giant Alien Pyramid Buried Deep in the Alaskan Wilderness & Never Seen Again

Nathan Campbell missing Alaska Pyramid

This Man Went To Find Giant Alien Pyramid Buried Deep in the Alaskan Wilderness & Never Seen Again

Nathan Campbell was last seen on June 13, 2020, near Carey Lake, Alaska. He told his bush pilot that he was searching for the lost pyramid of Alaska. In May 2020, a small floatplane flew 41-year-old Campbell deep into a remote part of Alaska. During the flight, he told the pilot he was searching for Alaska’s lost pyramid. No one has seen Campbell since.

The National Park Service wasn’t told he was missing until mid-September, 2020. They began searching a remote area in Denali National Park and found supplies he had left at Carey Lake, where the plane had dropped him off. They also found a collapsed tent some miles away. Inside the tent was a damaged diary, likely chewed on by animals. (Source)

The diary didn’t offer many clues about what happened to him. It mostly described his daily camp activities. The last entry said Campbell had left the tent to “get water.” After finding the diary, Alaska State Troopers added Campbell to their missing persons list, but the notice didn’t give much more information.

On May 27, 2020, Campbell hired a small plane in Talkeetna, Alaska, to take him to a remote lake in Denali National Park. He brought basic camping gear, a lot of food stored in plastic tubs, and a satellite communicator to stay in touch with his wife and kids. His plan was to spend four months alone in the wilds of Interior Alaska.

Nathan Campbell

Campbell chose a very isolated spot for his summer trip. The plane dropped him off at Carey Lake, a small blue lake surrounded by hundreds of miles of untouched wilderness. The area was tough to navigate, filled with dense bushes and deep beaver ponds. If he wanted to get to the nearest town, Lake Minchumina (which only has 13 residents), he would need to walk for a week through difficult terrain. If he was looking for solitude, he definitely found it.

However, Campbell wasn’t there just for a vacation; he had a specific purpose. During the long flight to Carey Lake, as they flew over the vast green forests below, Campbell opened up to his pilot, Jason Sturgis, about his plans for the summer.

“He was a pretty quiet individual,” said Jason Sturgis, the charter pilot who flew Campbell to Carey Lake, but Campbell revealed his interest in the rumored pyramid as the plane approached its landing after a long flight across the Alaska Range from near Talkeetna.

“His ‘Indiana Jones adventure’ is what he called it,” Sturgis said.

Campbell went to Carey Lake because he was searching for something very mysterious: the Black Pyramid. This huge underground structure is said to be four times bigger than the famous Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt and is believed to be thousands or even millions of years old. Some conspiracy theorists think the pyramid is so important for national security that any evidence of it—and the military base that supposedly protects it—has been erased from satellite images.

For many years, bush pilots, trappers, and local people have traveled around Carey Lake, but a quick look through old newspapers from Fairbanks shows few mentions of a giant alien pyramid or a secret base in central Alaska. However, before Nathan Campbell arrived, nobody had really been searching for it. His reasons for looking in this remote part of Alaska, if you consider the strange logic of conspiracy theories, seem to make sense.

If you have not yet heard of the lost pyramid of Alaska, it is understandable. News of the structure has not crept into the mainstream media, but if you type “Alaska pyramid” into Bing’s search engine you will find the fictional structure has attracted plenty of attention from alternative and fringe media.

“World’s oldest pyramids found in Alaska shocks the scientific community,” New Earth Media headlined in 2017. “An underground pyramid giving out giant amounts of energy is being ‘covered up’ by the U.S. government, a documentary has revealed,” Daily Star reported in 2019.

“Traces of GIANT PYRAMID Beneath Alaska Uncovered by Journalist,” Russia’s, state-owned Sputnik News disclosed before going on to claim that “a nuclear blast that occurred in China nearly 30 years ago apparently led to a surprising discovery hundreds of kilometers away, in Alaska, where US government seismometers detected some peculiar geological anomalies, which in turn led a number of dedicated enthusiasts to pursue claims of a massive pyramid located far below the surface of the frozen peninsula.”

Sputnik cited as its source “the History Channel’s Ancient Aliens TV show journalist Linda Moulton Howe (who) was contacted by an ex-naval worker who told her on condition of anonymity that his father, an engineer, was able to see the pyramid while he was working on a top-secret government project.”

According to, Craig Medred, an independent Alaska journalist, There are no government projects, either secret or otherwise, within 50 miles of Carey Lake. If there were any, people would notice them because these types of projects need access, such as roads, airports, or even a landing spot for a helicopter. At the very least, there would need to be a clearing by a lake to bring in supplies by a floatplane.

All these things would be easy to spot in the wild and remote areas of Alaska. The story from Sputnik mentioned a Naval officer who supposedly said there was a large pyramid and that they “would go down to the base of a huge pyramid using the elevators.”

However, building elevators that go hundreds of feet underground would be a major construction project. This would be something that small planes flying over the area could easily see. Small, single-engine aircraft are as common in Alaska as cars are in the lower 48 states. Planes fly almost everywhere, all the time.

While Alaska has grown, and fewer people now own planes, the state still has six times as many private pilots and 16 times more planes per capita than the rest of the U.S., according to the Alaska Department of Transportation. The wild, undeveloped land of the state makes it easier, not harder, for planes to spot large construction projects from above. But those who believe in the idea of a hidden pyramid (or pyramids) in Alaska don’t see it that way.

As writer Anthony Tyler said in an article for The Last American Vagabond, “good parts of Alaska are ‘totally uninhabitable under their current climate conditions…and the government presence overall in the state is pretty overwhelming, with an Air-Force/Army joint base nearly the size of Anchorage right outside of the city itself.’”

He argued that it would actually make sense for the government to hide secret facilities in such remote areas. Tyler writes, “It would almost seem silly for the government to not utilize these tactical advantages.” He then raises the question, “Why can’t people see this from the sky?” The answer, according to him, is because “the pyramid is supposedly located underground.” And, even more surprisingly, he claims that it’s said to be “four times the size of Giza.”

Tyler even speculated on how the pyramid could have ended up hidden, saying that “the ability for an earthquake to subsequently collapse the pyramid in a sort of catacomb underneath the Earth’s surface would be theoretically possible if one took into account Charles Hapgood’s Earth crust Displacement Theory.” He admits, though, that “even this is a wild and unlikely truth.” Instead, the legend suggests that the pyramid is thousands of years old and “was not built by humans.” (Source)

In June, Campbell, who had just turned 41, decided to go on a solo adventure in the Carey Lake area, looking for pyramids. It’s unclear why he chose to do this alone. Sturgis, the pilot who dropped him off, said he felt uneasy about leaving Campbell without a set pickup date, but Campbell reassured him.

He told the pilot that he had a Garmin InReach device, which could help him communicate and share his location via GPS. Campbell explained that if he needed an early pickup, his wife would contact the pilot. Otherwise, he planned to stay until late August or early September.

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Campbell was well-prepared, bringing along some large containers of food and a big backpack. Sturgis recalled that Campbell took fishing gear with him too, which was later found by park officials at Carey Lake. Campbell stayed in touch with his wife through the InReach device until mid-June.

After that, his wife stopped hearing from him. “It was a Friday she called me,” Sturgis said, explaining that she reached out in June, concerned because there had been no contact. Sturgis asked her for Campbell’s last known GPS coordinates, which showed that he was about five miles away from the lake. Unfortunately, Sturgis couldn’t land his floatplane in that area to check on Campbell. He advised Campbell’s wife to call a helicopter company to go and check the location.

Sturgis assumed the helicopter search would happen, but after a while, he forgot about the situation. “I just figured they did that,” he said, until September, when he got a call asking him to go and pick up Campbell. By that time, the man had been reported missing, and both the state authorities and the park service had begun searching for him.

Another pilot, David Lee, said the situation was strange. He had considered starting his own search mission for Campbell before the park service began theirs. “It’s pretty bizarre,” Lee said, adding that someone should have started looking for Campbell sooner, given that he’d been out of contact for nearly three months. However, he admitted, “I don’t know if it would have made any difference.”

Campbell is not the first to disappear into the wilderness on the north side of the park. About 50 miles to the east, a young man named Chris McCandless moved into an abandoned and deserted bus along an abandoned and overgrown road in April 1992.

The 24-year-old son of a comfortably well off East Coast family, McCandless fled into the wild for reasons that will never be known. Some have suggested he was struggling with mental illness. Whatever the case, McCandless was found dead of starvation in the bus in the fall of the year, and four years later writer John Krakauer authored a book portraying McCandless as a young man on a search for the meaning of life who died tragically after accidentally eating poisoned seeds.

The book became a bestseller that turned the dead McCandless into a mythical figure. The idea McCandless accidentally poisoned himself was eventually debunked, but it didn’t matter.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:33 Stuur door

This Professor Claimed That Out of 225 Cases Studying Reincarnation, 75 Had Birthmarks Corresponding with Past Life Memories.

Ian Stevenson Reincarnation

This Professor Claimed That Out of 225 Cases Studying Reincarnation, 75 Had Birthmarks Corresponding with Past Life Memories.

In his book Reincarnation and Biology, Ian Stevenson documented 75 cases of people with birthmarks and defects on the head and neck, which he believed might be linked to past lives. Stevenson’s cases with 19 similar cases found in a systematic review by Laura Borges Kirschnick and her colleagues. Stevenson’s reports were much longer and more detailed than those found in journal publications (averaging 9 pages vs. 2.1 pages). Additionally, the cases in the journals didn’t represent the same variables Stevenson used in his research.

Reincarnation research is unusual because it relies heavily on books rather than just journal articles. Stevenson’s books are considered key resources in this field, and literature reviews should include books alongside journal papers. Finally, a trustworthiness scale is suggested to help researchers evaluate reincarnation case studies.

Ian Stevenson (October 31, 1918 – February 8, 2007) was a Canadian-born American psychiatrist, the founder and director of the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. He was a professor at the University of Virginia School of Medicine for fifty years.

Ian StevensonIan Stevenson

Stevenson began studying children who claim to remember previous lives— an endeavor that will surely be remembered as the primary focus of his life’s work—almost by accident.

Recently in this journal, Laura Borges Kirschnick and colleagues published a review of birthmarks and birth defects of the head and neck region in reincarnation cases, following the 2020 PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. (Source)

Birthmarks and birth defects have different causes, and many of these causes are not fully understood. Some people believe that certain birthmarks might come from past lives, even though this idea sounds strange.

In a study of newborns in Thailand, which is often studied for reincarnation, the most common birthmarks were Mongolian spots (66.7%) and sebaceous gland hyperplasia (60.9%). The most common vascular birthmarks were salmon patches (36%), while infantile hemangiomas (1.1%) and port wine stains (0.7%) were much rarer.

Birthmarks thought to be linked to reincarnation are mostly large spots and moles, sometimes lighter or darker than the skin around them, and areas without hair, especially on the head. Birth defects that seem connected to reincarnation are usually very rare types.

Reincarnation is a debated idea, but it seems interesting in cases where birthmarks match the location and look of fatal wounds or scars on people who have died. Some people also remember details about the lives of these deceased individuals, which adds to the belief in reincarnation. Additionally, they may show behaviors, emotions, and personality traits similar to those who have died, making the idea feel even more real.

The main researcher on this topic was Ian Stevenson from the University of Virginia. He spent the latter part of his career studying what he called “cases of the reincarnation type.”

In 1997, he published a large two-volume work called Reincarnation and Biology, focusing on physical differences in these cases. This study included reports of 225 cases from places like Asia, Africa, North America, and Europe. Most of the birthmarks and defects matched fatal injuries, but some were related to other scars, like earring holes or tattoos. A few were linked to marks made after death, which is a common practice in South Asia.

Ian Stevenson outlines his views on evidence for life after death in this video from 2004, emphasizing that his findings go beyond the accounts of children who claim to remember past lives.

Stevenson identifies six significant sources of evidence for life after death:

Apparitions: He refers to these as “hallucinations of the mentally well.” These are experiences where individuals claim to see or sense the presence of someone who has died. Stevenson considers these phenomena important in the discussion of life after death.

Near-Death Experiences (NDEs): He mentions experiences of individuals who come close to death but survive. These experiences have gained significant public interest, as many report profound and transformative insights during such moments.

Statements from the Dying: Stevenson points out that those who are nearing death often make comments or express thoughts that deserve attention. These statements may reflect insights or awareness beyond the ordinary understanding of life.

Possession Experiences: He describes instances where a person’s personality seems to disappear, replaced by the characteristics of another individual. This phenomenon raises questions about the nature of identity and consciousness.

Mediumship: Stevenson discusses people who claim to communicate with the deceased. He refers to these deceased individuals as “discarnate personalities.” He believes that some mediums can relay credible messages from those who have died, suggesting a form of continued existence after death.

Vivid Dreams: Finally, he intends to share accounts of significant dreams experienced by a colleague, which he believes provide additional evidence supporting the idea of life after death.

Ian Stevenson wrote a synopsis, Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect, that contained color photographs of some of the marks and defects along with far fewer pages than the two-volume set (Stevenson, 1997b). Cases with such lesions continued to be found, and several of us, led by Ian, later published a paper of additional birthmark/birth defect cases that included two American cases (Pasricha et al., 2005). (Source)

He was interested in how certain children acted. He wrote a paper about fears, called phobias, that many of these children had, often connected to how they said they died in a past life. In his study of 387 cases, he found that 36% of the children showed these fears. These fears often appeared when the kids were very young, sometimes even before they talked about their past lives.

For example, he mentioned a baby girl in Sri Lanka who was so scared of baths that three adults had to hold her down to give her one. By six months old, she was also afraid of buses. Later, she talked about the life of another girl who had died after stepping back to avoid a bus and falling into floodwater. Ian observed that the fears often lessened as the children stopped discussing their past lives, but this didn’t always happen.

Stevenson wrote about children’s play in a study he did. He found that in 278 cases, nearly a quarter of the children played in ways that connected to lives they described, even though these lives were different from their families and had no role models. For example, one boy played as a biscuit shopkeeper so much that he fell behind in school, while a girl in India enjoyed sweeping and even cleaned up after her younger brothers, surprising her Brahmin parents.

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Ian also looked at Burmese children who said they lived as Japanese soldiers during World War II. Many of these kids showed behaviors that were unusual in Burma but typical of Japanese soldiers, like wanting to wear Japanese clothes instead of traditional Burmese attire and preferring raw fish over spicy Burmese food. Some also displayed traits like being hardworking and, like the soldiers, being cruel.

Ian believed this research was very important because it suggested there might be a third factor in how personalities develop. He pointed out that not all unusual behaviors can be explained by genetics or the environment alone; he thought some personality traits of the deceased people might have influenced the children in ways that couldn’t be easily explained.

Question: If reincarnation were widely accepted, how would it change the world?

Ian Stevenson answered: It would lessen guilt on the part of parents. They wouldn’t have as much of a burden that, whatever goes wrong with a child is all their fault, either through genes or mishandling during the child’s infancy. People themselves would have to take more responsibility for their own destinies. . . . I don’t expect any great moral transformation. On my first trip to India I met a respected Indian monk, a swami. I told him I had come out to see what evidence there was in India for reincarnation. He remained silent for a long, long time. Then he said, ”We here in India regard it as a fact that people are reborn, but, you see, it doesn’t make a difference because we have just as many rogues and villains in India as you have in the West.” (Source)

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

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Scientists Created a ‘5D Memory Crystal’ & Encoded the Entire Human Genome Into It that can Last for Billions of Years

5D Memory Crystal

Scientists Created a ‘5D Memory Crystal’ & Encoded the Entire Human Genome Into It that can Last for Billions of Years

Scientists have encoded the entire human genome into a ‘5D memory crystal.’ In the event of extinction, this could be discovered by some conscious entity and bring our species back to life. The disk is as durable as quartz and can last for billions of years.

Researchers have created a special “5D memory crystal” that holds the encoded human genome. This crystal is meant to ensure that if humanity ever faces extinction, our genetic code will survive. Even if that doesn’t happen, future intelligent beings could still find it, even billions of years from now. Tech billionaire Elon Musk suggested storing “all of the human knowledge”.”We should write all of human knowledge into these crystals,” said Musk in a post on X. (Source)

For more than ten years, the best material for storing data has been crystal. In 2014, a team of researchers led by Professor Peter Kazansky from the University of Southampton created a special kind of glass disc. This disc can store 360 terabytes of data and last for 300 quintillion years at room temperature. Even if heated to 374 degrees Fahrenheit, it will still last as long as the universe has existed—about 13.8 billion years. It can also handle extreme heat, cold, pressure up to 10 tons per square centimeter, and cosmic radiation. This makes it the Guinness World Record holder for the most durable digital storage medium. With concerns about today’s unreliable digital storage, this crystal disc is one of the best options for safely keeping electronic information.

The crystal can survive high temperatures, pressure, and cosmic radiation, and it even holds the Guinness World Record for the most durable storage medium. With concerns about how long today’s digital storage methods will last, this crystal is seen as a perfect way to keep important information safe for the future.

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In case of extinction, scientists store human genome on a ‘memory crystal’ that lasts billions of years. The disc is as tough as quartz and withstands cosmic radiation. Image credit: University of Southampton/PA

Prof. Kazansky’s team is working on putting the entire human genome, which is 3 billion characters long, onto a crystal the size of a coin. The researchers use lasers to write the DNA code into tiny holes in the glass that are only 20 nanometers wide.
Unlike regular storage methods that only use two dimensions, the crystal combines “two optical dimensions and three spatial coordinates,” which is why they call it “5D.”

Inspired by the Golden Discs sent on the Voyager mission, this crystal also has a guide to explain how it works. It includes drawings of humans, basic elements like hydrogen and oxygen, the structure of DNA, and other key details needed to create a human. Prof. Kazansky and his team admit that current technology can’t use the disk fully yet. But with advances like the creation of a synthetic bacterium in 2010, there’s hope that someday humans, plants, and animals could be made artificially.

“We know from earlier research that we can create genetic material from simple organisms and bring them to life in the lab,” Prof. Kazansky said. “The 5D memory crystal opens new doors for scientists to create a long-lasting store of genomic information, which could help revive complex life forms like plants and animals, if  science advances enough.”

“Their work is super impressive,” said Thomas Heinis, who leads research on DNA storage at Imperial College London and was not involved in the study. However, he says questions remain about how such data could be read in the future. “What Southampton presents probably has a higher durability, however, this begs the question: what for? Future generations? Sure, but how will they know how to read the crystal? How will they know how to build the device to read the crystal? Will the device be available in hundreds of years?” he added. “I can barely connect my 10-year-old iPod and listen to what I listened back then.”

The crystal containing the human genome is stored in the Memory of Mankind archive, which is a time capsule located in the world’s oldest salt mine in Hallstatt, Austria. If all goes well, it will remain there until needed, although we hope that time never comes.

Prof. Kazansky said that while we can’t yet create humans, plants, or animals from just genetic information, the 5D crystal could store this information for the future when such technology might exist.

He referred to Dr. Craig Venter’s team, who created a synthetic bacterium in 2010. “We know from other work that simple organisms’ genetic material can be made and used in a lab to create a living specimen,” said Prof. Kazansky. “The 5D crystal could allow researchers to store genomic information forever. This way, if future science makes it possible, plants and animals might be restored.” (Source)

The crystal is kept in the Memory of Mankind archive, a special time capsule in a salt cave in Hallstatt, Austria.

Researchers Store Entire Human Genome on ‘Everlasting’ 5D Memory Crystal The crystal is stored in the Memory of Mankind archive in Hallstatt, Austria. Image credit: University of Southampton/PA

The university spokesperson added, “When designing the crystal, the team thought about the possibility of it being found by another species or machine far in the future. It could be so far in the future that there’s no context for the data.”

The key shows basic elements (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen), the four DNA bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine), their structure, how they fit into the DNA double helix, and how genes go into chromosomes that can be inserted into a cell. Prof. Kazansky explained, “The key on the crystal helps anyone who finds it understand what data is inside and how to use it.”

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:03 Stuur door

UFO flying across the sky in San Antonio and Hondo, Sept 18, 2024, video, UAP Sighting News.

UFO flying across the sky in San Antonio and Hondo, Sept 18, 2024, video, UAP Sighting News.

UFO,%20UAP,%20Texas%20UFO.png

Texas,%20UFO,%20UAP.png

This is obviously a real UFO, alien spacecraft seem flying over Texas. This is a puzzling sighting left residents of San Antonio and Hondo intrigued on Wednesday evening. Kristen Allen was on her way to drop off her daughter at gymnastics practice when she noticed an unusual object flying through the sky. Using her phone, she quickly recorded the phenomenon, capturing a glowing object moving southbound along Bulverde Road just after 5 p.m., during sunset.

“It appeared to be descending straight down, but it was quite distant,” Kristen recounted. Curious and unsure of what she had witnessed, she shared the video with her husband, Ryan. After he posted it on social media, several acquaintances confirmed they had also seen the strange object.

Adding to the intrigue, Samantha Gonzales snapped a photo of the object over Hollywood Park in northern San Antonio, and Christina Alexis, located nearly 60 miles away in Hondo, also managed to record the mysterious sight. Her footage depicted the object with a striking red glow across the night sky.

“I noticed the glow became more pronounced as you moved further west,” Ryan Allen observed.

While the Allens remain uncertain about what the object could be, their young sons have their own theories. “We thought it might be a missile,” said Gage Allen. His brother, Trace, offered a different perspective: “To me, it looked kind of like a plane.”

The family, along with other witnesses, continues to seek answers, speculating on what the strange sighting could have been.

Scott C. Waring

 { https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 22:22 Stuur door

Nieuw onderzoek onthult eindelijk hoe El Niño 252.000 jaar geleden de grootste massa-uitsterving ter wereld veroorzaakte

Nieuw onderzoek onthult eindelijk hoe El Niño 252.000 jaar geleden de grootste massa-uitsterving ter wereld veroorzaakte

Janine imagedoor Janine
Rechts, 1997–98 El Niño waargenomen door de kunstmatige satelliet TOPEX/Poseidon

Freepik - Maddox1/Wikimedia commons - Public domain

Heel lang geleden veroorzaakte een klimaatfenomeen de grootste massale uitsterving op onze planeet. Nu heeft een nieuwe studie ontdekt hoe en waarom.

Massale uitsterving 252 miljoen jaar geleden: El Niño

Ongeveer 252 miljoen jaar geleden, in het Perm-Trias-tijdperk, veroorzaakte het klimaatfenomeen dat bekend staat als El Niño de grootste massa-uitsterving die ooit op onze planeet heeft plaatsgevonden, dat stelt een nieuwe studie, waarin werd onderzocht waarom dit gebeurde en vooral met zulke effecten.

El Niño veroorzaakt periodiek een aanzienlijke opwarming aan de oppervlakte van de Stille Oceaan in de centraal-zuidelijke en oostelijke delen. Dit gebeurt in december en januari, meestal om de vijf jaar, wat kan variëren tussen drie en zeven jaar. Toen de mens echter nog niet op aarde was verschenen, speelde dit fenomeen een sleutelrol bij het veroorzaken van een ongekende uitsterving, die de hele aardbol en bijna al zijn levensvormen trof.

Waarom het leven op het land verdween door El Niño

Een geologische doorsnede toont een verdroogd landoppervlak dat 252 miljoen jaar geleden overal ter wereld voorkwam

University of Bristol and China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)

De wetenschap heeft al geruime tijd een verband gevonden tussen de verdwijning van leven op aarde 252 miljoen jaar geleden en krachtige vulkaanuitbarstingen in wat nu Siberië is, die aanleiding gaven tot de uitstoot van kooldioxide die tot een snelle opwarming van het klimaat leidde. Hierdoor stortten terrestrische en mariene ecosystemen onvermijdelijk in.

Het is echter nooit begrepen waarom het leven buiten de zee deze situatie niet kon weerstaan: insecten zijn, net als sommige planten, behoorlijk veelzijdig en bestand tegen verandering, maar desondanks zijn ze uitgestorven. Alexander Farnsworth van de Universiteit van Bristol legde uit dat de opwarming van het klimaat op zichzelf deze gevolgen niet kan veroorzaken: zoals nu het geval is: “wanneer de tropen te warm worden, migreren soorten naar koelere en hogere breedtegraden. Ons onderzoek heeft aangetoond dat toegenomen broeikasgassen niet alleen het grootste deel van de planeet warmer maken, maar ook de weer- klimaatvariabiliteit vergroten, waardoor het nog ‘wilder’ wordt en moeilijker voor het leven om te overleven”.

“Veel intensere en langdurige El Niño-gebeurtenissen” 252.000 jaar geleden

Volgens Yadong Sun van de China University of Geosciences in Wuhan, co-hoofdauteur van het onderzoek, “slaagde het meeste leven er niet in om zich aan deze omstandigheden aan te passen, maar gelukkig overleefden sommigen, zonder welke we hier vandaag niet zouden zijn. Het was bijna, maar niet helemaal, het einde van het leven op aarde.”

Het niveau van de opwarming van het Perm-Trias werd geschat door zuurstofisotopen te analyseren die werden gedetecteerd in de gefossiliseerde tandresten van conodonten, zeer kleine organismen. “Eigenlijk was het overal te warm”, legt Farnsworth uit. “De veranderingen die verantwoordelijk waren voor de vastgestelde klimaatpatronen waren ingrijpend omdat er veel intensere en langduriger El Niño-gebeurtenissen waren dan die vandaag de dag worden waargenomen. De soorten waren simpelweg niet in staat om zich snel genoeg aan te passen of te evolueren.”

Tegenwoordig duren deze fenomenen slechts één of twee jaar, terwijl El Niño 252 miljoen jaar geleden veel langer duurde, met ongeveer tien jaar ononderbroken wereldwijde droogte. Dit verklaart ook de grote hoeveelheid plantaardige koolstof in de rotsen in die tijd. Het verdwijnen van planten verhinderde ook de opname van CO 2 uit de atmosfeer. Als mariene soorten langer overleefden, konden op het land “alleen soorten overleven die snel konden migreren, en er waren niet veel planten of dieren die daartoe in staat waren.”

{ https://www.curioctopus.nl/ }

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The Mysterious 1803 Utsuro-bune: UFO Sighting or Foreign Shipwreck?

The Mysterious 1803 Utsuro-bune: UFO Sighting or Foreign Shipwreck?

In 1803, a UFO was found off the coast of Japan. What was it, and who was inside?

In 1803, an event occurred off the coast of Japan that has puzzled scholars, folklorists, and UFO enthusiasts alike. A strange vessel, described as unlike anything seen before, was discovered by local fishermen off the coast of Hitachi Province (modern-day Ibaraki Prefecture). This mysterious object, often referred to as the “Utsuro-bune”, meaning “hollow ship” in Japanese, contained a foreign woman whose origins, language, and appearance sparked confusion and intrigue.

Japan’s Isolated State in 1803

To fully understand the significance of this event, it’s essential to consider the historical context. At the time, Japan was an isolated nation, following the sakoku policy, which had been in place since the early 1600s. Under this policy, Japan had closed its borders to nearly all foreign influence, trade, and travel. Foreigners were rarely allowed to enter the country, and Japanese citizens who left were often prohibited from returning, on pain of death.

This isolationist stance made the arrival of a strange vessel and its foreign occupant an extraordinary occurrence. Japan’s self-imposed seclusion meant that any encounter with outsiders was rare and often viewed with suspicion or fear. The story of the Utsuro-bune is particularly fascinating because it happened decades before Japan’s borders reopened to the world in the 1850s.

The Mysterious Vessel and Its Occupant

According to accounts, the vessel that the fishermen discovered was circular, resembling a modern UFO in shape, and made of materials that were unfamiliar to those who found it. Some accounts describe the boat as being about 10 feet wide, made of wood and metal, with windows or glass panels that allowed the occupants to see inside.

The most striking aspect of the encounter, however, was the enigmatic woman inside the craft. She appeared to be in her twenties, had pale skin, and was dressed in clothing that did not resemble the traditional attire of Japan. Her hair was reportedly a reddish color, and she carried with her a box that she protected fiercely, refusing to let anyone near it.

The woman spoke a language that the locals could not understand, and all attempts at communication failed. She seemed to be of foreign origin, though it was impossible for the fishermen to determine where she might have come from. After some time, the villagers, unsure of what to do, set the vessel adrift, allowing it to float away, along with its mysterious occupant.

Interpretations of the Utsuro-bune Incident

Over the centuries, the Utsuro-bune incident has been the subject of much speculation, leading to various interpretations and theories about what truly happened that day.

  1. Historical and Cultural Context: Many scholars believe that the incident was a case of shipwreck involving a foreigner who had drifted to Japan by accident. Some theories suggest that the woman might have come from nearby countries, such as Korea or Russia, which were known to have some maritime contact with Japan. The unusual vessel and her unfamiliar appearance could be explained as the result of cultural differences and the isolationist policies of Japan at the time.
  2. Folklore and Mythological Interpretation: Some historians see the Utsuro-bune story as a piece of folklore, meant to convey a moral or spiritual lesson rather than report an actual event. It could have been a symbolic tale representing the foreign threats or mysterious encounters with outsiders that Japan had little experience dealing with during its isolationist period. These stories often became embellished over time, leading to the more mystical elements of the narrative.
  3. Extraterrestrial Explanation: In more recent times, the Utsuro-bune incident has caught the attention of UFO enthusiasts who see it as evidence of extraterrestrial contact. They point to the strange, circular shape of the craft and the mysterious nature of its occupant as clues that this could have been an early UFO encounter. While this theory is popular in modern UFO lore, it is largely based on speculative interpretation rather than historical evidence.

Could It Have Been a UFO?

The idea that the Utsuro-bune was an early example of a UFO encounter is certainly intriguing, especially given the unusual details surrounding the story. The vessel’s shape and construction, combined with the mystery surrounding the foreign woman, make it tempting to speculate about otherworldly origins.

However, it’s important to remember that this theory lacks concrete evidence and relies on a modern reinterpretation of a centuries-old tale. Most historians agree that the story is more likely a cultural legend or a case of an actual foreign shipwreck, with the strange details being products of Japan’s isolationist policies and the fishermen’s unfamiliarity with foreigners.


The Utsuro-Bune Incident: Japan's Mysterious UFO Legend

The 1803 Utsuro-bune incident remains one of Japan’s most curious historical mysteries. Whether it was a simple shipwreck involving a foreign woman, a fantastical piece of folklore, or a potential UFO sighting, the story continues to capture the imagination of people around the world. While the truth behind the strange vessel and its occupant may never be fully known, the Utsuro-bune remains an enduring enigma, illustrating the fascination with the unknown that transcends cultures and centuries.7


Was war das Utsuro-bune von Japan? Rätselhafter Fund 1803 vor Japans Küste - samt Insassin

CLASSIC: Utsuro Bune: Ancient Japanese UFOs? | STUFF THEY DON'T WANT YOU TO KNOW

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Ret. US Army Colonel Claimed Aliens In Roswell UFO Crash Were Bio-Robots Built For Space Travel

Philip Corso Roswell UFO crash

Ret. US Army Colonel Claimed Aliens In Roswell UFO Crash Were Bio-Robots Built For Space Travel

The information about the  Roswell crash and so-called Extraterrestrial Biological Entities revealed by retired US Army Officer Philip James Corso was a breathtaking move in the history of UFOlogy. In his 21 years of serving, he claimed to have alleged involvement in the research of extraterrestrial technology recovered from the 1947 Roswell incident.


Roswell Revisited -- (Colonel Phillip J. Corso)

Born in 1915, Corso served in the US Army from 1942 to 1963, retiring from the rank of lieutenant colonel. According to him, the US policy was clear that UFOs and aliens do not exist. They were led to believe in it. But there were some great men who expressed themselves as believers. Some of them were Gen. Douglas McArthur, Gen. George Marshall, Werner Von Braun, President Ronald Reagan, Gen. Nathan Twining, Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, Dr. Carl Gustav Jung, and many others.

Corso emphasized that the advancement in the technology that the world achieved in the past decades could not be possible without the helo of other worlds. Scientists such as Dr. Herman Oberth, Stanton T. Friedman, Robert Sarbaeher, W.E. Smith, Dr. Werner Von Braun, etc., are disregarded or ridiculed when they say, “we cannot take the credit for our record advancements in certain scientific fields alone. We have been helped by people of other worlds.”

Philip Corso Roswell UFO crash Brig. Gen. Brown (left) shakes the hand of Maj. Philip Corso, who just received his bronze star in Rome. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons

He highlighted the intervention of aliens in human history by referring to Sumerians who stated that the EBEs were the most advanced in the studies and manipulations of DNAs, who were adroit in cloning. “We believed that the beings of the Roswell crash were clones. The Sumerians called them IGIGIs. They were used to ferry the ‘Gods’ to earth and continuously stayed in subspace and circled the globe-earth,” Corso explained.

During his military career, Corso was granted nine clearances above “Top Secret.” These included cryptographic, satellites, code and intercept special operational clearances, and the “Eyes Only” category of special White House (NSC) matters. This allowed him to have an eye on matters within the government which included UFO information.

He was the Chief of the Foreign Technology Division in the US army R&D. He received the piece of information that a sample recovered from the Western US desert was believed to be from a UFO. The material had immense strength but at the same time was as light as feather. It was perfect for space travel and no space debris could harm it.

Corso concluded UFOs existed. His team had reports of objects from a mother ship and they believe what was recovered were parts of sphere-type probes. Usually, four or five of these came from every saucer. He further explained that the radar images of formations are probably these probes surrounding one or two flying saucers. They dissolved in a transparent alignment of atoms.

Read also:

Philip Corso’s Roswell Story

On visiting the crash site, Corso was convinced that it was the UFO. His faith in UFOs came from his work in R&D, where the radars once locked an object flying over 3000 miles an hour.

Upon examination of the items recovered from the crashed craft, a harness-type system was discovered. Corso argued that many technical discoveries that appeared in the following decades, such as Kevlar body armor, optical fiber, transistors, night vision devices, and the integrated circuit chip were a direct result of what scientists studied and found inside the alien spacecraft. He also claimed that his job had been to transfer the alien technology to American companies.

The craft inside was illuminated by a yellow-greenish light. The light appeared to emit from solid metal, possibly a variation of the atom alignment within the structural members of the craft. This was discovered early from small pieces. When a light was applied at one end, the whole piece would light up and glow. This was thought to be a variation of the fiber optic tubes. It is not known if the source of the yellow-greenish light or glow was ever found.

Grey aliens bio robots Co-authors of ‘The Day After Roswell,’ Bill Birnes and Col. Philip Corso.

In 1957, while in command of the Army’s Missile Firing Range at Red Canyon, New Mexico, part of the White Sands Proving Grounds, Coros came up against a most perplexing problem. There had been much speculation that UFOs engage in time travel. He later discussed this with German scientists and they were of the opinion that this was the fact – the UFOs’ terrific acceleration and flashy disappearance and appearance is caused by exit and entry into a time dimension.

An interesting version that Corso advanced was that the two UFOs were entering our time zone at the same instant, they collided. One went on to crash at  Roswell, the other was damaged and debris fell into our time zone. It accelerated at terrific speed, exceeding its own limits, and fell, just west of Red Canyon, in the White Sands area, but it had gained 10 years and crashed in 1957.

In 1997, Corso and writer William J. Birnes published a book that revealed many secrets and mysteries that took place during the events of Roswell in 1947. The book “The Day After Roswell” immediately became a sensation among UFO researchers and conspiracy theorists.

In the book, there are so many strong revelations about aliens that even ufologists considered it partly fictional or much exaggerated. At the same time, Corso suddenly died of an unexpected heart attack just a few months after the publication of his book. Conspiracy theorists believed that he was simply silenced by higher authorities because he had revealed many things.

In general, according to all the facts stated above, it does not prove that in the late 1990s, he was influenced by extraterrestrial beings. He also repeatedly participated in interviews with the American late-night radio talk show “Coast to Coast AM.”

He had repeatedly argued that the US government was hiding the truth about UFOs and aliens to profit from it in the tech sector. In the book, he described not only the UFO technology but also talked about the alien bodies found during the crash.

According to him, Grey aliens, also referred to as Zeta Reticulans, were not really aliens, but bio machines specially created to work on other planets. He wrote that as far as he knew, no one had encountered real aliens, and all eyewitnesses or abductees had seen only big-headed and black-eyed “bio machines.”

To prove his claim, Corso described what he had seen during the autopsy. He wrote that those aliens were without any digestive system, and their bodies were linked to the spacecraft as if they were controlled through ships.

He wrote further that those extraterrestrial biological objects, as indicated in the autopsy reports, were humanoid robots specially designed to travel long distances in space and time.


“The Day After Roswell” Candid uncut interview with Colonel Philip J. Corso (Ret.)

Alien Technology: Roswell reverse engineering & the incredible secret work of Colonel Philip J Corso

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

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Thousands of Meteorites Are Vanishing in Antarctica. Now Scientists have Revealed Why.

Thousands of Meteorites Are Vanishing in Antarctica. Now Scientists ...

Thousands of Meteorites Are Vanishing in Antarctica. Now Scientists have Revealed Why.

A team of European researchers says that hundreds of thousands of meteorites, which may provide valuable information about the dawn of life on Earth, are disappearing from Antarctica at an alarming rate.

Based on their research, the scientists behind the alarming findings say that as many as three-quarters of the approximately 300,000-800,000 meteorites resting on the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet could be lost by 2050.

Published in the journal Nature Climate Change, the research says the culprit behind the wholesale disappearance is the steady rise in global temperature.

“For every tenth of a degree of increase in global air temperature, an average of nearly 9,000 meteorites disappear from the surface of the ice sheet,” the press release announcing the alarming study explains.

The disappearance of Antarctic meteorites from the world’s southernmost continent at such a staggering rate is particularly alarming since an estimated 60% of all meteorites ever found on Earth have come from there. Meteorites discovered in Antarctica are also often in much more pristine condition than those discovered elsewhere due to the area’s relatively stable, ice-cold environment.

When properly collected and cataloged, these Antarctic meteorites are a boon to astrobiologists and other scientists studying the dawn of the solar system and the beginnings of life on Earth. In their most pristine condition, these meteorites can offer a time capsule dating back as much as 4 billion years ago to the solar system’s formation.

According to the researchers, the dark color of these space rocks is also exacerbating the situation. That’s because they absorb more solar energy than the white snow around them. This accumulation of heat energy causes the ice directly beneath the meteorite to thaw faster than the surrounding snow, resulting in a depression in the ice’s surface that can swallow up the meteorite as the surface freezes over it.

“Even when temperatures of the ice are well below zero, the dark meteorites warm-up so much in the sun that they can melt the ice directly beneath the meteorite,” explains co-lead author Veronica Tollenaar from the Université Libre de Bruxelles. “Through this process, the warm meteorite creates a local depression in the ice and over time fully disappears under the surface.”

 extraterrestrial meteorites

Antarctic meteorite HUD 18036 is partially in the ice, in contrast to most samples that are collected while lying on the surface. Meteorite collected by the Lost Meteorites of Antarctica Project.

Credit: Katherine Joy, The University of Manchester.

Based on their calculations, Tollenar and the study’s lead author, Harry Zekollari, who is now an Associate Professor of Glaciology at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, say that as many as 5,000 Antarctic meteorites are lost in this fashion every year. In an additional statement, the team said that with their analysis of climate change data collected from satellites and combining that information with climate model predictions, a range of 5,100 to 12,200 could be lost each year.

  • Oxygen Moon

“Scientists conclude that in the long-term, the only way to preserve most of the remaining unrecovered Antarctic meteorites is to rapidly reduce greenhouse gas emissions,” they explain.


An astronaut’s perspective on searching meteorites in Antarctica

10 Discoveries in Antarctica That Scares Scientists
  •  Christopher Plain is a Science Fiction and Fantasy novelist and Head Science Writer at The Debrief. Follow and connect with him on X, learn about his books at plainfiction.com, or email him directly at christopher@thedebrief.org.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

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Nederlander bewijst bestaan van mysterieuze monstergolven in diepzee: ze zijn extremer dan extreem

Nederlander bewijst bestaan van mysterieuze monstergolven in diepzee: ze zijn extremer dan extreem

Kruisende golven, een fenomeen dat ooit als folklore werd beschouwd, blijken in werkelijkheid nog indrukwekkender te zijn dan gedacht. Nieuw onderzoek van de TU Delft en andere universiteiten laat zien dat deze ‘monstergolven’ tot 30 meter hoog kunnen worden en vier keer steiler zijn dan ooit voor mogelijk werd gehouden.

Eeuwenlang deden verhalen de ronde over monstergolven die zonder waarschuwing opdoken en grote schepen in gevaar brachten. Dit werd vaak afgedaan als visserslatijn, tot in 1995 de beroemde Draupner-golf voor het eerst wetenschappelijk werd vastgelegd bij een olieplatform in de Noordzee. Deze golf, bijna 26 meter hoog, bevestigde het bestaan van deze ‘monsters’ en maakte een einde aan alle speculaties.

Brekend nieuws
In 2018 slaagde Ton van den Bremer, hoogleraar vloeistofmechanica aan de TU Delft, er met zijn team in om deze Draupner-golf na te bootsen in een laboratorium. Dit bood wetenschappers voor het eerst de mogelijkheid om de golf in detail te analyseren, en leidde tot onverwachte inzichten. Uit het nieuwe onderzoek blijkt dat kruisgolven – dit zijn golven die vanuit meerdere richtingen samenkomen – niet zoals ‘normale’ golven breken. Waar die namelijk afbreken bij een bepaalde steilheid, blijkt dat deze monstergolven veel verder kunnen gaan. Van den Bremer legt uit: “De golven die de meeste mensen van het strand kennen, rollen vooruit. Het type golf dat wij onderzochten, komt voor op open water en ontstaat als er golven vanuit meerdere richtingen samenkomen. Als deze golven met een hoge directionele spreiding samenkomen wordt het water omhooggestuwd, een staande golf dus. Een voorbeeld daarvan is een kruisgolf.”

Ongekende risico’s
De studie, die vandaag gepubliceerd is in Nature, toont aan dat deze kruisgolven wel tachtig procent steiler kunnen worden dan normale golven, voordat ze breken. Dat betekent dat ze bijna twee keer zo hoog kunnen groeien als een doorsnee golf, wat ongekende risico’s met zich meebrengt. Maar daar blijft het niet bij. De onderzoekers ontdekten nog iets opvallends: zelfs als een kruisgolf begint te breken, kan hij nog doorgroeien. “Als een golf eenmaal begint te breken, zie je een witte kop ontstaan. Er is dan normaliter geen weg meer terug. Maar als een golf met een hoge directionele spreiding begint met breken, kan de golf nog steeds verder groeien”, maakt Van den Bremer duidelijk. Tijdens dit breekproces kan de golf nog eens twee keer zo steil worden, wat uiteindelijk resulteert in golven die vier keer steiler zijn dan voor mogelijk werd gehouden.

Offshore constructies
Deze nieuwe inzichten zijn van groot belang voor de bouw van offshore constructies, zoals windturbines en olieplatforms. “De driedimensionaliteit van golven wordt vaak over het hoofd gezien bij het ontwerp van offshore windturbines en andere constructies. Onze bevindingen tonen aan dat dit leidt tot ontwerpen die minder betrouwbaar zijn”, zegt wetenschapper Mark McAllister van de University of Oxford.

41586_2024_7886_Fig6_ESM.jpg

De set-up van het experiment in de FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility in Edinburgh

Aan de basis van dit wetenschappelijke succes ligt de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe 3D-meetmethode in het Schotse FloWave-laboratorium. “De gebruikelijke 2D-methoden om golven te onderzoeken waren niet toereikend”, legt Van den Bremer uit. De onderzoeksgroep ontwierp daarom een nieuwe manier om 3D-beelden van de golven te genereren. “Voor het eerst is het gelukt om golfhoogtes te meten met zo’n hoge ruimtelijke resolutie over zo’n groot gebied. Zo konden we veel meer details begrijpen van het complexe breken van golven”, vertelt onderzoeker Ross Calvert van de University of Edinburgh vol trots.

Hoe ontstaan kruisgolven?
Kruisgolven ontstaan op open zee als golven vanuit verschillende richtingen samenkomen. Dit kan bijvoorbeeld gebeuren op plekken waar twee zeeën elkaar ontmoeten of waar de wind plotseling van richting verandert, zoals bij een orkaan. Hoe verder de golfrichtingen van elkaar af liggen, hoe hoger de kruisgolf kan worden, zo blijkt uit het onderzoek.

Voorbeelden van monstergolven
Een bekend incident met een monstergolf vond plaats in 2010, toen het cruiseschip Louis Majesty in de Middellandse Zee werd getroffen door metershoge golven tijdens een voorjaarsstorm. Het schip, 207 meter lang en 41.000 ton zwaar, werd zwaar beschadigd. Twee opvarenden overleefden het niet.

Een ander berucht geval is de Draupner-golf van 1995, die een boorplatform in de Noordzee op zijn grondvesten deed schudden. Deze golf, die volgens laserapparatuur tot een hoogte van liefst 26 meter reikte, was omgeven door golven van ‘slechts’ 12 meter. Het incident leverde het eerste harde wetenschappelijke bewijs voor het bestaan van deze megagolven.

Bronmateriaal

{ https://scientias.nl/ }

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Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study

Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study

Story by Rupendra Brahambhatt
 
Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study
Einstein’s theory challenged: Black holes could be frozen stars, claims study

Black holes are one of those rare entities that defy the rules of science and are associated with many paradoxes that seem unresolvable. However, a new study proposes a theory that could change everything we know about black holes.

The study suggests that black holes are actually frozen stars, theoretical remnants of stars that have cooled down and no longer emit light or heat. Also called black dwarfs, frozen stars represent the final stage of a star’s life cycle.

Generally, scientists believe that stars take trillions of years to reach the black dwarf stage. As our universe is only 13.7 billion years old, it doesn’t have any frozen stars yet.

However, in the new study, the researchers conducted a detailed analysis of the similarities between frozen stars and black holes and discovered that their theory solves many of the paradoxes linked to the traditional black hole model.

The problem with the current black hole model

When it comes to black holes, the science community has been following what Albert Einstein stated in his theory of general relativity in 1915.

According to Einstein, there are two prime features of a black hole. First, it contains a point of infinite density at its center, which is referred to as singularity. Second, a black hole has an event horizon – a boundary that doesn’t allow anything to escape, not even light.  

While this theory is widely accepted, it has also faced some big challenges. For instance, real-world observation suggests that infinities aren’t meant to exist in nature, and this is why everything is considered finite in physics.

Related video:

  • Discussed: What If You Could See Through a Black Hole? - Pr. Clifford Johnson (Secret History)
  • Albert Einstein's Theory Of Relativity (Video 6) | Black Holes and Inertial Frames

Another contradiction arises from Stephen Hawking’s radiation paradox which suggests that black holes can emit radiation and slowly lose mass over time, which eventually leads to their complete evaporation. But how is this possible, since Einstein proposed that nothing escapes a black hole? 

Also, if a black hole vaporizes, then the matter that formed the black hole is destroyed. However, this violates the law of conservation of information, which states that information, like matter, can neither be created nor destroyed. Information conservation also forms the basis of quantum mechanics.

However, according to the study authors, all these paradoxes are resolved when black holes are considered frozen stars — objects that lack both singularity and event horizon. 

Do black holes make sense as frozen stars?

In their study, the researchers demonstrate that the theoretical values of the thermodynamic properties, such as entropy and thermal radiation, for black holes are similar to those of frozen stars.   

“Frozen stars are a type of black hole mimickers: ultracompact, astrophysical objects that are free of singularities, lack a horizon, but yet can mimic all of the observable properties of black holes,” Ramy Brustein,  first study author and a physics professor at Ben-Gurion University in Israel, told Live Science. 

So, if black holes are frozen stars, this means they don’t have a point of infinite density or singularity. This condition suggests that they follow the same rules related to finiteness as real-world objects. 

Plus, the lack of an event horizon suggests that radiations and particles can escape their boundary, which is in alignment with what Hawking stated about the emission of light from black holes. 

“We have shown how frozen stars behave as (nearly) perfect absorbers although lacking a horizon and act as a source of gravitational waves. Moreover, they source the same external geometry as that of a conventional model of black holes and reproduce their conventional thermodynamic properties,” Brustein said.

However, the study has various limitations as well. For instance, black dwarfs are believed to have an internal structure whereas this is not expected in the case of black holes. 

Also, there’s no experimental evidence that confirms that black holes are indeed frozen stars. Therefore, further research is required to validate this hypothesis.

  • The study is published in the journal Physical Review D.
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De aarde staat op het punt een nieuwe maan te krijgen, maar slechts voor even: dit is wanneer het zal gebeuren

De aarde staat op het punt een nieuwe maan te krijgen, maar slechts voor even: dit is wanneer het zal gebeuren

Janine imagedoor Janine

Freepik

De Aarde zal voor korte tijd een nieuwe Maan krijgen, net alsof het een tweede satelliet van onze planeet is. Maar wat is het en hoe lang zal het duren?

De aarde zal twee maanden lang een mini-maan hebben

De enige natuurlijke satelliet van de aarde is de maan, maar binnenkort krijgt onze planeet er nog een kleinere bij. Dat zal eind september gebeuren, gedurende ongeveer twee maanden. Maar hoe is dit mogelijk?

Het zal een tijdelijke new entry zijn, maar wel een die in alle opzichten een mini-maan voor onze planeet zal zijn. Concreet zal het fenomeen plaatsvinden tussen 29 september en 24 november 2024. Het zal echter niet eenvoudig zijn om het met het blote oog waar te nemen.

Het is namelijk een kleine asteroïde met de naam 2024 PT5, die op 7 augustus voor het eerst werd gedetecteerd door ATLAS, het Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System. Mini-manen zijn in feite hemellichamen die voor kortstondige perioden worden gevangen door de zwaartekracht van de aarde, en het is precies dit dat de nabije toekomst van 2024 PT5 zal zijn.

Asteroïde 2024 PT5, onze nieuwe mini-maan

Generieke afbeelding van een asteroïde in het zonnestelsel

NASA/JPL-Caltech/Wikimedia commons - Public domain

Het ruimtegesteente in kwestie is slechts tien meter breed, waardoor het observeren ervan zonder speciale telescopen een nogal moeilijke onderneming is. Hoe dan ook zal 2024 PT5 eind deze maand onze Maan gezelschap houden, die al zo'n vier miljard jaar een satelliet van onze planeet is, totdat hij terugkeert naar zijn thuisbasis, een asteroïdengordel die rond de zon draait en de aarde volgt.

Deze verschijnselen zijn niet zo zeldzaam, aangezien er niet veel decennia verstrijken tussen het verschijnen van de ene mini-maan en de andere. Een nieuwe studie heeft echter de komst van de volgende dergelijke gebeurtenis aangekondigd door interessante informatie te verstrekken. Carlos de la Fuente Marcos, professor aan de Universidad Complutense en hoofdauteur van het werk, legde uit dat het kleine hemellichaam tot de secundaire Arjuna-asteroïdengordel behoort, die bestaat uit ruimtegesteenten die banen volgen die vergelijkbaar zijn met die van de aarde, met een afstand tot de zon van ongeveer 150 miljoen kilometer.

Mini-maan 2024 PT5: zal het te zien zijn?

Planetoïden en kometen uit de Arjuna-gordel kunnen ons langzaam naderen met een snelheid van ongeveer 3.540 km per uur, waarbij ze zich op een afstand van 4,5 miljoen km bevinden. Op dat punt kan de geocentrische energie van het ruimteobject negatief worden, waardoor het in alle opzichten een tijdelijke aardse mini-maan wordt.

2024 PT5 zal geen volledige baan om onze planeet maken, maar zoals gezegd na twee maanden terugkeren naar de basis. Bij andere soortgelijke fenomenen kunnen mini-manen langer blijven, één of meer volledige banen maken en dan meerdere jaren blijven. Zodra zijn werk is voltooid, zal PT5 uit 2024 uit de baan van de aarde worden verdreven en teruggebracht naar die van de zon, waardoor deze door verstoringen van de zwaartekracht zal verdwijnen.

Hij is niet alleen niet met het blote oog te zien, maar zelfs amateurtelescopen zullen hem waarschijnlijk niet kunnen waarnemen vanwege zijn kleine formaat. Professionele astronomische instrumenten met een minimale diameter van 76 cm, uitgerust met een CCD- of CMOS-detector, zullen het echter wel mogelijk maken om het magische schouwspel van de tijdelijke mini-maan vast te leggen.

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Top secret China spaceplane releases a mystery object into Earth's orbit - and no one knows what it is

Top secret China spaceplane releases a mystery object into Earth's orbit - and no one knows what it is

China’s top-secret spaceplane has released a mysterious object into Earth’s orbit just 372 miles above the surface.

The US Space Force is monitoring the situation, but the purpose of the object ejected on May 24 is unknown.

A Harvard astrophysicist first spotted the object, speculating it could be a subsatellite deployment, or a piece of hardware ejected before the spaceplane ends its mission and deorbits.

The craft - named Shenlong after a spirit dragon from Chinese mythology - launched last December and has since been found to release several objects into orbit with some sending strong signals over North America.

China ¿s top-secret spaceplane has released a mysterious object into Earth¿s orbit just 372 miles above the surface. The US Space Force is monitoring the situation, but the purpose of the object ejected on May 24 is unknown

China ’s top-secret spaceplane has released a mysterious object into Earth’s orbit just 372 miles above the surface. The US Space Force is monitoring the situation, but the purpose of the object ejected on May 24 is unknown

China has been very secretive about the spaceplane, only describing the purpose as providing 'technical support for the peaceful use of space.’

The craft launched one day after the US scrubbed the flight of its ‘spy’ plane, which the US Space Force chief said was 'no coincidence.'

'It's probably no coincidence that they're trying to match us in timing and sequence of this,' General Chance Saltzman, Space Force's Chief of Space Operations, said.

And while China’s spaceplane has since fallen under the radar, the mysterious object is raising concerns.

Jonathan McDowell, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, first spotted the object and shared his findings on X.

‘This object could be a subsatellite deployment, or it could be a piece of hardware ejected prior to end of the mission and deorbit (the spaceplane's first flight did something similar),’ McDowell shared.

‘Will be interesting to see if the plane maneuvers or lands soon.’

China¿s spaceplane is currently on its third mission, and US officials have said that its capabilities are somewhat similar to America's X-37B (pictured) that launched on December 29, 2023

China’s spaceplane is currently on its third mission, and US officials have said that its capabilities are somewhat similar to America's X-37B (pictured) that launched on December 29, 2023

Amateur astronomer Scott Tilley was tracking China’s spaceplane in December when it ejected six objects, which emitted signals over North America.

Tilley said he believed the signals targeted a ground station or boat near British Columbia, Canada, where he lives.

'When the spaceplane passes over me, it only emits on a certain trajectory of pass that appears to favor a location south to southwest of me.

'I.e., on higher elevation passes over me, there are no signals, but on ocean-hugging passes to my southwest, all of my observations of the object have occurred.'

Tilley has teamed up with a group in Switzerland that specializes in optical-band space surveillance, and the collaboration has been keeping a close eye on the plane since it launched on December 15.

China’s spaceplane is currently on its third mission, and US officials have said that its capabilities are somewhat similar to America's X-37B that launched on December 29, 2023.

The launch followed more than two weeks of false starts and delays attributed to poor weather and unspecified technical issues, leading ground crews to roll the spacecraft back to its hangar.

It came two weeks after China's  spaceplane launched on its third mission to orbit since 2020.

The US Boeing-built vehicle, roughly the size of a small bus and resembling a miniature space shuttle, is built to deploy various payloads and conduct technology experiments on years-long orbital flights. 

The planned duration of the latest X-37B mission was not made public, but it will presumably run until June 2026 or later, given the prevailing pattern of successively longer flights.

OTHER VIDEOS * PETER2011 


China's Shenlong Spaceplane Raises Questions with Mysterious Object Release

US Hunts Down a Mysterious Object Ejected into Earth’s Orbit by a Chinese Secret Spaceplane.

Chinese spacecraft drops mystery object 600 km above Earth's surface | Gravitas LIVE | WION

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Amateur astronomer captures first photo of secret spacecraft the Pentagon doesn't want people to know about

An amateur astronomer believes he has captured the first image of an ultra-secretive US spacecraft.

Felix Schöfbänker, from Austria, claims to have photographed a classified fleet of spy satellites operated by a shadowy DoD agency to hunt international terrorists, drug dealers and crime lords for the US government.

The (Future Imagery Architecture) FIA-Radars, also called Topaz, are five craft made by Boeing which are powerful enough to provide high definition imaging of targets on the ground 24 hours of the day.

Using a telescope built to track and photograph satellites, Schöfbänker observed 'things that either were not known or only were speculated before' - including their size, shape and position in the sky.

The space watcher shared what could be the only images of America's secretive spy satellites Pictured is a a Future Imagery Architecture satellite (FIA-Radars), nicknamed Topaz

The space watcher shared what could be the only images of America's secretive spy satellites Pictured is a a Future Imagery Architecture satellite (FIA-Radars), nicknamed Topaz

The (Future Imagery Architecture) FIA-Radars, also called Topaz, are five craft made by Boeing which are powerful enough to provide high definition imaging of targets on the ground 24 hours of the day (a mock up is pictured)

The (Future Imagery Architecture) FIA-Radars, also called Topaz, are five craft made by Boeing which are powerful enough to provide high definition imaging of targets on the ground 24 hours of the day (a mock up is pictured)

The US launched its first spy satellite, CORONA, in 1960 to photograph adversaries in China and the Soviet Union with a focus on how rapidly the latter was producing long-range bombers and ballistic missiles and where they were being deployed.

The satellite imagery captured all Soviet medium-range, intermediate-range, and intercontinental ballistic missile launching complexes.

'Without CORONA, the US may well have been misguidedly pressured into a World War III,' the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) shared in a statement.

The US leads the world with more than 200 in space and Schöfbänker has observed several in the past few months.

The sky watcher recently shared his discoveries with Space.com, detailing mechanics and technologies he observed.

His telescope, a Dobsonian, spotted several FIA-Radars fitted with a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which enables the US to beam radar through clouds, foliage and shallow soil.

The images are taken by sending microwave pulses to the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected signals.

Topaz is a series of five satellites developed by Boeing, with the first launching in 2010 and the last in 2018.

The US government has been secretive about the capabilities, only sharing details that Topaz 1 had a nuclear power system, an attitude control system and a cylindrical monocoque aluminum structure.

While it is unclear which model Schöfbänker observed, he was able to make out other details.

'From my images, I conclude that these satellites have a parabolic mesh antenna which is roughly 12 meters [39 feet] in diameter, and two solar panels with roughly 10 meters [33 feet] of wingspan,' he told Space.com.

Topaz, developed by Boeing, includes a series of five satellites used to collect intelligence on the ground. Felix Schöfbänker, from Austria, spotted all five orbiting in space

Topaz, developed by Boeing, includes a series of five satellites used to collect intelligence on the ground. Felix Schöfbänker, from Austria, spotted all five orbiting in space

The satellites capture  by sending microwave pulses to the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected signals

The satellites capture  by sending microwave pulses to the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected signals

'There also is another bright object between the solar panels that I interpret as an up-and down-link antenna, though this also might be something else.'

Schöfbänker continued to explain that the satellite's antenna moved six times to the left and 22 times to the right during his observations.

Also in his sights was a few KH-11 satellites, which convert light into electronic signals.

Another satellite, the KH-11, was also snapped, which was the first to provide real-time intelligence of officials

Another satellite, the KH-11, was also snapped, which was the first to provide real-time intelligence of officials

Donald Trump shared a declassified image of an Iranian rocket launch site captured by a KH-11 that launched in 2011 while he was president in 2019

Donald Trump shared a declassified image of an Iranian rocket launch site captured by a KH-11 that launched in 2011 while he was president in 2019

The KH-11, developed by Lockheed Martin, is believed to use a seven-foot prime mirror that allows the satellite to identify objects as small as three inches across.

The first KH-11 launched in December 1976, allowing the first real-time collection of intelligence as it previously took days or even weeks for photos.

The need for real-time observations was often stated by officials during key events like the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Six-Day War or the invasion of Czechoslovakia.

In 2019, Donald Trump, president at the time, shared a declassified image of an Iranian rocket launch site captured by a KH-11 that launched in 2011.

There are four of these satellites in orbit.

'The oldest one currently up there was launched in 2005. It is a third-generation KH-11 with the name USA 186. The next two are called USA 224 and USA 245, and these are the fourth generation from 2011 and 2013,' Schöfbänker said.

'The newest one is a fifth-generation spacecraft from 2021 and is called USA 314.'

His observations suggested that they were about 36 feet long, with mirrors ranging in size depending on the generation.

Another satellite, however, is the unknown type. Schöfbänker suggested it was a USA 290, which officials have kept under wraps

Another satellite, however, is the unknown type. Schöfbänker suggested it was a USA 290, which officials have kept under wraps 

The space watcher determined there were three generations of KH-11 orbiting above, with the fourth's mirror measuring nearly 10 feet across.

On July 20, Schöfbänker uploaded a timelapse of a satellite on his website, which may be one of the most secretive in America's arsenal.

Schöfbänker suggested it was a USA 290 or another KH-11, but noted that images did not match up with the latter and the two were launched into different orbits.

Based on the observations, he determined that the spacecraft featured a 16-foot-long panel and had a total size of around 31 feet.

The USA 290 also captures intelligence in real-time, but that is all that is known about America's secretive spy satellite.

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Out of this world! Inventor builds a fully functional flying saucer-inspired jet boat - as incredible footage shows the vehicle reaching 31mph as it skims across the water

Out of this world! Inventor builds a fully functional flying saucer-inspired jet boat - as incredible footage shows the vehicle reaching 31mph as it skims across the water

  • Vietnamese inventor Trang Long Ho builds a UFO-shaped jet boat from scratch
  • The fibreglass vessel is capable of reaching top speeds of up to 31 mph (50km/h)

Whether or not you believe in UFOs, there's no denying that this incredible craft is truly out of this world.

Amazing footage shows how an inventor has created a fully functional flying saucer-shaped jet boat in his home workshop.

Made of fiberglass and a few steel plates, the stunning creation features automatic doors, light-up panels, and just enough room for the pilot to sit.

While it might not soar through the air, the boat still clocks some impressive speeds reaching 31 mph (50km/h) as it skims across the water.

In a post on Facebook sharing the amazing invention, the craftsman Tran Long Ho wrote: 'I created what I was dreaming.'

Vietnamese inventor Tran Long Ho has created an incredible flying saucer-shaped jet boat capable of reaching 31 mph (50km/h)

Vietnamese inventor Tran Long Ho has created an incredible flying saucer-shaped jet boat capable of reaching 31 mph (50km/h)

While Mr Ho's creation might look futuristic, it actually begins with some very basic materials.

In a video documenting the building process, he begins by building up a model out of sand in the shape of the UFO's top section.

This sand mould is then covered with a thin layer of concrete to create a hard shell, over which Mr Ho and his team layer sheets of fibreglass and epoxy.

Once the fibreglass has been set, the builders are able to lift up the structure and chip away the concrete to leave a thin, light hull.

Next, the hull is reinforced with a lattice of fibreglass ridges and hexagons before the process is repeated to create the bottom hull where the engines are installed.

Mr Ho then creates cutouts for a series of hexagonal windows and sliding door panels.

Mr Ho begins by sculpting a UFO shape out of sand which he uses to make a concrete mould

Mr Ho begins by sculpting a UFO shape out of sand which he uses to make a concrete mould

By layering fibreglass over the mould, the builders create a dish-like shape. Mr Ho then attaches a pattern of hexagonal boards to provide structure and mark the location of future panels

By layering fibreglass over the mould, the builders create a dish-like shape. Mr Ho then attaches a pattern of hexagonal boards to provide structure and mark the location of future panels

Using a cleverly designed mechanism, the doors are able to open and slide to the sides just like you might imagine a real spaceship.

With the overall structure in place, Mr Ho turns his attention to the electronics and controls.

LED strips are used to provide a futuristic glow around the panels and a steering wheel, pedals, and dashboard are installed within the cockpit.

In the video, you can also see as Mr Ho solders dozens of small solar panel segments into large panels which are installed on the outside of the craft.

Since we don't see Mr Ho install a battery system it is likely that these are used to power the lights and electronic doors.

Once the fibreglass has dried, the process is repeated to create a similar bottom layer where the engine is installed

Once the fibreglass has dried, the process is repeated to create a similar bottom layer where the engine is installed

The boat is fitted with sliding doors and lined with grey material to make it more comfortable

The boat is fitted with sliding doors and lined with grey material to make it more comfortable 

The small cockpit features a steering wheel, pedals, and a dashboard complete with speedometer and light-up controls

The small cockpit features a steering wheel, pedals, and a dashboard complete with speedometer and light-up controls 

After a final lick of paint and some last pieces of decoration, the flying saucer is complete and ready to test.

The video shows as Mr Ho - who has to recline quite far back to fit in the low cockpit - races along a river at high speeds of 31 mph (50km/h), according to Vietnamese news outlet Tuoi Tre News.

Part of the craft's bottom section is shaped like a conventional flat-bottomed boat which gives the round vessel more directional control.

However, the ride still looks far from smooth as the boat often lurches backwards and leaps out of the water before jolting back down.

The UFO-shaped boat is completed with a coating of grey paint. Mr Ho also installs a series of solar panels on the upper surface to provide power for the doors and lights

The UFO-shaped boat is completed with a coating of grey paint. Mr Ho also installs a series of solar panels on the upper surface to provide power for the doors and lights 

On social media, commenters expressed their amazement at this impressive feat of nautical engineering.

One viewer wrote: 'I am an old retired engineer. I have designed a lot of things in my time, but this is the coolest thing I have ever seen!'

'Never in my life have I seen so much talent in one individual. You are a gift to all mankind. Thank you so much for your inspiration and creativity,' wrote another.

While another enthusiastic commenter wrote: 'You are an alien from the space. That's how you made a boat spaceship from scratch! No human could do what you did!'

The electronic doors of the vessel open with the press of a button and allow the pilot to enter. On the doors, a message reads: 'The universe is vast and life is endless'

The electronic doors of the vessel open with the press of a button and allow the pilot to enter. On the doors, a message reads: 'The universe is vast and life is endless'  

Mr Ho is seen driving his boat at high speeds on a river. There is not a lot of room in the craft but the pilot is able to see through the small windows

Mr Ho is seen driving his boat at high speeds on a river. There is not a lot of room in the craft but the pilot is able to see through the small windows 

If you were thinking about getting a UFO boat of your own, the bad news is that Mr Ho says he doesn't make products for commercial sale.

However, in a post on his Facebook fan page translated from Vietnamese Mr Ho writes: 'The works I do are mainly recording videos for entertainment, but anyone who likes to buy then I will sell them to get the money for accessories to invest for new and more interesting videos!'

Referring to an older jet boat, Mr Ho said that it was 'somewhere around 20 million' adding 'If you like it, just message me.'

Assuming that Mr Ho means 20 million Vietnamese Dong, that would be the equivalent of roughly £612 ($814).

Mr Ho is yet to say whether his latest UFO-shaped creation has been sold, so there could still be time to grab yourself a bargain.

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Thousands see UFO hovering eerily over Mexican city in the middle of the day

Hundreds of residents were left in awe when they spotted a mysterious object hovering over their city. 

Normally, such objects are spotted in the dead of night, but this one in the western Mexican city of Guadalajara was in broad daylight last Friday.

'Here comes my flying saucer customer,' Eduardo Chavez, the owner of a rims and tire shop, could be heard saying in the background in one video showing it hovering over his shop that's had 6.3 million views  

'He's coming for rims and tires...  At your service. Take a look at whatever you like.'

An object resembling a UFO was spotted floating around the western Mexican city of Guadalajara last week. A video recording went viral on the TikTok account of a rims and tire shop owner, who invited the 'aliens' over for a visit

An object resembling a UFO was spotted floating around the western Mexican city of Guadalajara last week. A video recording went viral on the TikTok account of a rims and tire shop owner, who invited the 'aliens' over for a visit

A resident in Mexico records the moment an object, which many believed was a UFO, flew through the skies of western city of Guadalajara last week

A resident in Mexico records the moment an object, which many believed was a UFO, flew through the skies of western city of Guadalajara last week

A second video with more than 1.7 million views showed what appeared to be the same object flying at a lower altitude under a white patch of clouds.

"When I saw it I was impressed but as the minutes went by, I saw it as normal and that's when I made the video," Chavez told DailyMail.com on Thursday.

The wild videos sparked the never-ending conversation of whether life exists outside Earth.

'There is another UFO that passes very fast behind the one that is still,' one TikToker commented. 'You have to pause the video a couple of times till you see it. It's way too fast.'

'Every civilization evolves at the precipice of destruction,' another TikTok user said. 'Maybe the influx in sightings means we're either almost completely wiped out or on the verge of a species wide evolution.'

Eduardo Chávez went viral last week when he recorded what people believe to have been a flying saucer hovering in a neighborhood in the Mexican town of Guadalajara. Chávez used the sighting as a chance to promote his small business, where he sells rims and tires

Eduardo Chávez went viral last week when he recorded what people believe to have been a flying saucer hovering in a neighborhood in the Mexican town of Guadalajara. Chávez used the sighting as a chance to promote his small business, where he sells rims and tires

'There are a few flying around in the clouds in background moving like gravity doesn't exist pulling insane maneuvers!' another person added.

Some TikTokers thought the video was a clever way to promote in his small business.

'The people studying Marketing for years and this guy blew them away,' one person quipped.

'Is he aware that if the UFO is real it made a very possibly unbeatable commercial?' another commented.

Chavez, who believes 'that there is more life beyond the Earth,' wished he would have made an appearance in the video.

"My TikTok (followers) increased but the business (activity) did not because I did not provide the location and I did not record myself," he said.

One TikToker joked: 'He said they took the wheels off the UFOs when they came to ask for directions.'

Another chimed in: 'Some of them probably live on earth with us, but in a different dimension and go to this dimension, but don't really care about us lol.'


UFO seen by thousands hovering over Mexican city in the middle of the day...

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Mysterious UFO Fragment Said to Levitate Sparks Scientific Investigation

The mysterious artifact said to be from an alien spacecarft. Credit: To the Stars Academy.

Mysterious UFO Fragment Said to Levitate Sparks Scientific Investigation

The mysterious specimen caught attention due to its potential ability to cause levitation, sparking curiosity and further investigation.

Ever since humanity began contemplating life beyond Earth, we’ve been captivated by the possibility of extraterrestrial civilizations. So when an unusual metallic shard surfaced, rumored to have originated from an alien spacecraft, it sparked widespread curiosity. The mysterious fragment said to have fallen to Earth in 1947 during the infamous Roswell incident, has undergone extensive examination—leading some to believe it could be evidence of alien technology.

While the Roswell event was ultimately attributed to a U.S. Air Force balloon used to monitor Soviet nuclear activities, the debate around the true origins of this metal piece continued for decades. The sample came into the hands of UFO enthusiasts, including Tom DeLonge, former frontman of Blink-182, through his To the Stars Academy. DeLonge’s organization researches unexplained phenomena, and this particular metal shard appeared to have properties that suggested it wasn’t from our planet.

A Closer Look at the Shard: Is It Earthly or Alien?

The strange object is primarily composed of magnesium and zinc, along with small amounts of bismuth and lead. To investigate its origins, the U.S. government’s All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) tasked the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with conducting a detailed analysis. ORNL, a research institution originally established during WWII, has historically been involved in nuclear energy research, but it also has experience analyzing materials believed to be extraterrestrial.

AARO’s mission was to determine if the object was from Earth or if it could have extraterrestrial roots, specifically whether the shard could act as a terahertz waveguide—a structure that directs electromagnetic waves. This would potentially align with theories suggesting that alien technology could use advanced waveguides for purposes like levitation or propulsion. However, the findings painted a different picture.

Analysis Results

The mysterious artifact said to be from an alien spacecarft. Credit: To the Stars Academy. The mysterious artifact is said to be from an alien spacecarft. Credit: To the Stars Academy.

In 2022, ORNL conducted a thorough isotopic analysis of the shard. This method allowed scientists to identify the specific isotopic signatures of the metals in the alloy. By comparing the sample’s magnesium and lead isotopes with known isotopic ranges on Earth, the scientists confirmed that the metal had a terrestrial origin. The isotope ratios of magnesium, unique to Earth’s solar system, indicated that the metal likely formed within our region of space, specifically in a star-forming zone.

Further studies revealed that the shard’s structure had undergone some degree of fractionation, a process where lighter and heavier isotopes separate due to extreme heat or stress during manufacturing. However, the material remained within the range of Earth’s naturally occurring isotopic patterns, strongly suggesting that this fragment wasn’t a product of alien technology.

In fact, the shard’s chemical structure was similar to magnesium alloys commonly used during the post-WWII era. Magnesium alloys were poorly understood at the time, and the unusual mixture of elements in the shard could be the result of early research into creating stronger and lighter aircraft materials.

One of the most intriguing aspects of the analysis centered on the presence of bismuth in the shard. Bismuth is a metal known for its ability to guide terahertz waves, which are emitted by energy sources and can be used in various technologies, including communication devices. In theory, if the bismuth in the shard were pure and layered correctly, it could act as a terahertz waveguide, potentially allowing for the levitation of objects.

However, the bismuth in the shard wasn’t pure—it contained traces of lead and was layered in a way that disrupted its ability to function as a proper waveguide. This key finding reduced the likelihood that the shard was extraterrestrial in origin.

The Verdict: A Fascinating but Earthly Find

After months of speculation and analysis, ORNL concluded that the shard was likely created on Earth. According to the report, the object was “manufactured terrestrially, albeit with an uncommon mixture of elements.” Despite the unusual properties and composition, the shard does not exhibit any biosignatures or technosignatures that would suggest it was alien in origin.

To the Stars Academy has since issued a statement acknowledging the findings but also expressing their desire for further investigation. The organization pointed out that while the reports confirm the material’s terrestrial origin, some anomalies remain unexplained. As a result, they are eager to continue their research in collaboration with ORNL.

While this particular shard may not be the smoking gun for alien technology, the investigation represents a significant step forward in understanding unexplained phenomena. Every time scientists rule out terrestrial origins for strange objects, it narrows down the possibilities, bringing us closer to discovering what truly lies beyond our planet.

Speculation about alien life has long captivated our imaginations, and while this shard likely belongs to Earth, it doesn’t mean the search for extraterrestrial technology is over. As science advances, so too will our ability to investigate the mysteries of the universe with greater precision. The search continues, and with each investigation, we get one step closer to unlocking the secrets of the cosmos.

What do you think? Could future discoveries finally give us the answers we seek about extraterrestrial life?

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Planetary Scientists Create Global Map of Volcanic Hotspots on Io

Planetary Scientists Create Global Map of Volcanic Hotspots on Io

Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. Io’s volcanoes are powered by both the extreme tides from Jupiter and the gravitational interactions between it and Jupiter’s other moons. These tides generate friction inside Io. Using data from an infrared camera on NASA’s Juno orbiter called the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), planetary researchers at Cornell University have mapped where Io’s volcanoes are producing the most power and compared that to where scientists expect higher heat flow from the interior models. They found that Io has active volcanoes at its poles that may help to regulate tidal heating in its magma interior.

These are maps of the global volcanic flux on Io in an equirectangular projection, showing the averaged volcanic flux in milliwatts per square meter per steradian (the most common units for volcanic flux on Io). The top is on a linear scale while the bottom is on a logarithmic color scale. The colored bars and the line plots beside each map show the average flux projected horizontally (to the right of each map) and the average flux projected vertically (below each map) to show trends in flux by latitude and longitude. Image credit: Pettine et al., doi: 10.1029/2023GL105782.

These are maps of the global volcanic flux on Io in an equirectangular projection, showing the averaged volcanic flux in milliwatts per square meter per steradian (the most common units for volcanic flux on Io). The top is on a linear scale while the bottom is on a logarithmic color scale. The colored bars and the line plots beside each map show the average flux projected horizontally (to the right of each map) and the average flux projected vertically (below each map) to show trends in flux by latitude and longitude.

Image credit: Pettine et al., doi: 10.1029/2023GL105782.

Io, the innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter and the most volcanically active body in the Solar System, is a unique resource for studying volcanism outside Earth and tidally-generated volcanism.

Despite its importance in the development of the worlds of the outer Solar System (and beyond), tidal heating remains relatively unconstrained.

In fact, the existence of volcanism powered entirely through extreme tidal forces and strong orbital resonances was only proposed and discovered in the last five decades.

“Tidal heating plays an important role in the heating and orbital evolution of celestial bodies,” said Cornell University’s Professor Alex Hayes.

“It provides the warmth necessary to form and sustain subsurface oceans in the moons around giant planets like Jupiter and Saturn.”

“Studying the inhospitable landscape of Io’s volcanoes actually inspires science to look for life,” said Madeline Pettine, a doctoral student at Cornell University.

By examining the JIRAM data from 11 Juno orbits, the authors found that Io has active volcanoes at its poles that may help to regulate tidal heating in its magma interior.

“I’m trying to match the pattern of volcanoes on Io and the heat flow that they’re producing with the heat flow we expected from theoretical models,” Pettine said.

This image from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft shows a volcanic explosion on Io. Image credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizon.

This image from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft shows a volcanic explosion on Io.

Image credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizon.

Using a mathematical equation called spherical harmonic decomposition, a way of understanding round objects, the researchers broke down Juno’s flyby maps to establish complex volcanic surface patterns.

They found a surprising number of active volcanoes at Io’s poles, as opposed to the more-common equatorial regions.

“I’m not solving tidal heating with this one paper. However, if you think about icy moons in the outer Solar System, other moons like Jupiter’s Europa, or Saturn’s Titan and Enceladus, they’re the places that if we’re going to find life in the Solar System, it will be one of those places,” Pettine said.

“The interior liquid water oceans in the icy moons may be kept liquefied by tidal heating.”

“We need to know how the heat is being generated. It’s easier to study tidal heating on a volcanic world rather than peering through a kilometers-thick ice shell that’s keeping the heat covered up.”

According to the scientists, both pole regions of Io have active volcanoes.

In the north, a cluster of four volcanoes — Asis, Zal, Tonatiuh, one unnamed and an independent one named Loki — were highly active and persistent with a long history of space mission and ground-based observations.

A southern group, the volcanoes Kanehekili, Uta and Laki-Oi demonstrated strong activity.

The long-lived quartet of northern volcanoes concurrently became bright and seemed to respond to one another.

“They all got bright and then dim at a comparable pace,” Pettine said.

“It’s interesting to see volcanoes and seeing how they respond to each other.”

  • The study was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
  • M. Pettine et al. 2024. JIRAM Observations of Volcanic Flux on Io: Distribution and Comparison to Tidal Heat Flow Models. Geophysical Research Letters 51 (17): e2023GL105782; doi: 10.1029/2023GL105782
  • https://youtu.be/oHpxCGeXU3c
  • https://youtu.be/keGIesBlsFI


Exploring Io With Humans - The Most Volcanically Active Object In The Solar System

Exploring Io: Jupiter's Volcanic Moon Unveiled | Space Wonders Series

The Electrical "Volcanoes" of Jupiter's Moon Io | Space News

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Grotschildering zou geïnspireerd kunnen zijn op het fossiel van een bizar wezen dat 250 miljoen jaar geleden uitstierf

Grotschildering zou geïnspireerd kunnen zijn op het fossiel van een bizar wezen dat 250 miljoen jaar geleden uitstierf

Janine imagedoor Janine
Close-up van het dier met hoektanden geschilderd door de San in de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw

Plose One

Een Afrikaanse grotschildering kan volgens een nieuwe studie een uitgestorven wezen voorstellen dat miljoenen jaren voor ons leefde. Dit is wat het volgens de onderzoekers zou zijn.

Het uitgestorven dier geschilderd door de San

Het dier met slagtanden op het paneel van de Hoornslang, opnieuw getekend door Stow en Bleek

PLOSE ONE

Op een rotswand in het Karoo-bekken, in Zuid-Afrika, is een vreemd dier afgebeeld met naar beneden gerichte slagtanden, blauw gekleurd. Deze rotskunst is tussen 1821 en 1835 gemaakt door de inheemse San-bevolking.

Archeologen vroegen zich bij het bekijken van de tekening af of het het resultaat was van de fantasie en dus een mythologisch wezen voorstelde, maar een nieuwe studie beweert het antwoord te hebben gevonden: de tekening zou in werkelijkheid geïnspireerd kunnen zijn door een soort die daadwerkelijk bestond en 250 miljoen jaar geleden uitstierf, lang vóór de mens.

Als dit inderdaad het geval zou zijn, zou dit betekenen dat de stammen van zuidelijk Afrika over meer geavanceerde paleontologische kennis beschikten dan we ons konden voorstellen. Maar wat is het prehistorische dier dat de San inspireerde?

De inheemse San waren mogelijk geïnspireerd door de Dicynodontia

Model van de dicynodontia

Viliam Simko/Wikimedia commons - CC BY-SA 4.0

Julien Benoit van het Evolutionary Studies Institute, Universiteit van de Witwatersrand, die het onderzoek uitvoerde, is van mening dat het afgebeelde dier is geïnspireerd op het fossiel van de dicynodontia, een zeer robuust plantenetend dier dat in Zuid-Afrika leefde. De grotschildering, die “het paneel met de hoornslang” wordt genoemd, lijkt op geen enkele andere hedendaagse diersoort.

Hoewel hij misschien op een walrus lijkt, leeft deze laatste dichtbij de Noordpool en zeker niet in zuidelijk Afrika. Zelfs als het een figuur is die voortkomt uit de verbeelding van het San-volk, komen mythologische wezens gewoonlijk voort uit de werkelijkheid en halen ze inspiratie uit feitelijk bestaande dieren. Om deze reden geloven onderzoekers dat er concreet bewijs is dat het San-volk erin geslaagd is om fossielen van de dicynodontia te identificeren en deze tijdens lange reizen van de ene plek naar de andere te verplaatsen. Bovendien zijn experts van mening dat verschillende uitgestorven diersoorten opdoken in de cultuur van deze stam.

Dicynodontia uit Zuid-Afrika, een regendier?

In 1905 werd in een verslag dat in de studie wordt genoemd, verwezen naar de woorden van de San bosjesmannen die beschreven hoe hun voorouders omgingen met “enorme monsterachtige beesten, groter dan de olifant of het nijlpaard”. De dicynodontia dateren echter van ver voor het verschijnen van de mens, dus deze mensen waren zich bewust van het bestaan van uitgestorven wezens in de oudheid. Hoewel dit slechts een veronderstelling is, stelt Benoit dat “het dier met de slagtanden op het paneel met de gehoornde slang waarschijnlijk werd afgebeeld als een regendier, wat betekent dat het waarschijnlijk betrokken was bij ceremonies waarbij dit atmosferische fenomeen een rol speelde”.

De San komen namelijk tijdens rituelen om regen aan te trekken in een geestestoestand die hen in staat stelt om een andere dimensie te bereiken om regendieren te pakken en naar onze wereld te brengen. “Door een soort als de dicynodontia te kiezen, waarvan ze wisten dat hij uitgestorven was, hoopten ze waarschijnlijk dat dit regendier meer kracht zou hebben om als brug tussen de twee werelden te fungeren.”

Al met al is de inheemse kennis van het verleden veel nauwkeuriger dan werd vermoed, als je bedenkt dat de wetenschappelijke erkenning van de dicynodontia dateert van 1840, een paar jaar nadat de rotskunst werd gemaakt.

Dicynodont

{ https://www.curioctopus.nl/ }

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Scientists analyse the 'alien song' coming from the Mariana Trench - and finally reveal the truth about the mysterious noises

Scientists analyse the 'alien song' coming from the Mariana Trench - and finally reveal the truth about the mysterious noises

The Mariana Trench is one of the most mysterious places on Earth.

Measuring almost seven miles (37,000ft) deep, the trench sits on the floor of the Pacific Ocean and is so difficult to reach that just a handful of people have ventured down there.

So it's no surprise that unusual sounds coming from the Mariana Trench sparked fears of an alien invasion when they were first recorded back in 2014.

Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the noises were dubbed 'biotwangs', yet their source was unknown.

Ten years later, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have reanalysed the sounds - and believe they've finally revealed the truth.

The Mariana Trench (artist's impression) is one of the most mysterious places on Earth

The Mariana Trench (artist's impression) is one of the most mysterious places on Earth

Mariana Trench: The deepest trench on Earth

The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands.

The trench is 1,580 miles (2,550 km) long but has an average width of only 43 miles (69 km).

The distance between the surface of the ocean and the trench's deepest point, the Challenger Deep is nearly 7 miles (11 km).

Director James Cameron became the first solo diver to reach the bottom of Challenger Deep in 2012.

The eerie noises were first recorded in 2014 by underwater gliders, which were being used to carry out acoustic surveys of the trench.

Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the five-part sounds included deep moans at frequencies as low as 38 hertz and a finale that pushed as high as 8,000 hertz.

Researchers were initially baffled by the noises.

However, in 2016, a team from Oregon State University (OSU) suggested that they could be a new type of previously unheard baleen whale call.

Speaking at the time, Sharon Nieukirk, senior faculty research assistant in marine bioacoustics at Oregon State, said: 'It's very distinct, with all these crazy parts.

'The low-frequency moaning part is typical of baleen whales, and it's that kind of twangy sound that makes it really unique. 

'We don't find many new baleen whale calls.'

Now, scientists have reanalysed the noises using a combination of visual and acoustic survey data – and their findings suggest that the OSU team wasn't far off.

Measuring almost seven miles (37,000ft) deep, the Mariana Trench sits on the floor of the Pacific Ocean and is so difficult to reach that just a handful of people have ventured down there

Measuring almost seven miles (37,000ft) deep, the Mariana Trench sits on the floor of the Pacific Ocean and is so difficult to reach that just a handful of people have ventured down there

The eerie noises were first recorded in 2014 by underwater gliders, which were being used to carry out acoustic surveys of the trench. Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the five-part sounds included deep moans at frequencies as low as 38 hertz and a finale that pushed as high as 8,000 hertz

The eerie noises were first recorded in 2014 by underwater gliders, which were being used to carry out acoustic surveys of the trench. Lasting between 2.5 and 3.5 seconds, the five-part sounds included deep moans at frequencies as low as 38 hertz and a finale that pushed as high as 8,000 hertz

Rather than being produced by baleen whales, the new study suggests that Bryde's whales are responsible.

In a study published in the Frontiers in Marine Science journal, the team, led by Dr Ann Allen, explained: 'It was assumed to be produced by a baleen whale, but without visual verification it was impossible to assign a species.

'Using a combination of visual and acoustic survey data collected in the Mariana Archipelago, we determined that Biotwangs are produced by Bryde's whales.'

Bryde's whales can be found around the world in warm, temperate oceans including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific.

Bryde's whales can be found around the world in warm, temperate oceans including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific

Bryde's whales can be found around the world in warm, temperate oceans including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific

The unusual sounds coming from the Mariana Trench sparked fears of an alien invasion when they were first recorded back in 2014

The unusual sounds coming from the Mariana Trench sparked fears of an alien invasion when they were first recorded back in 2014

The researchers spotted ten of the whales swimming in the area, and even recorded nine making the distinctive noises.

However, to prove these whales were indeed the source, the team turned to artificial intelligence.

'We used a combination of manual and machine learning annotation methods to detect Biotwangs in our extensive historical passive acoustic monitoring datasets collected across the central and western North Pacific,' they explained in the study.

'We identified a consistent seasonal presence of Biotwangs in the Mariana Archipelago and to the east at Wake Island, with occasional occurrence as far away as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and near the equator (Howland Island).'

The team still doesn't know why the whales' calls are so unusual, or why they're being made in the first place. 

However, speaking to Popular Science, Dr Allen suggested: 'It's possible that they use the biotwang as a contact call, a sort of "Marco Polo" of the ocean. 

'But we need more information before we can say for sure.'

{https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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Natuurwonderen die per toeval zijn ontstaan

Natuurwonderen die per toeval zijn ontstaan

Natuurwonderen die per toeval zijn ontstaan

©Shutterstock

Natuurwonderen die per toeval zijn ontstaan
De trekpleisters die je in deze galerij zult zien, zijn natuurlijke wonderen die puur per toeval zijn ontstaan, hetzij door toedoen van de mens, hetzij door niet vaak voorkomende natuurverschijnselen. Het zijn ware pareltjes waar toeristen van over de hele wereld versteld van staan.

Dark Hedges (Noord-Ierland)

©Shutterstock

Dark Hedges (Noord-Ierland)
Deze prachtige weg met beukenbomen is wereldwijd de enige in zijn soort. Dit sprookjesachtige natuurwonder ligt langs Bregagh Road, een weg tussen de dorpjes Armoy en Stranocum in Noord-Ierland.

Dark Hedges (Northern Ireland)

©Shutterstock

Dark Hedges (Noord-Ierland)
De bomen werden een paar jaar geleden door een familie geplant, met als doel om de weg naar hun landhuis te versieren. Dat leidde tot dit bijzondere natuurwonder.

Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten)

©Shutterstock

Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten)
Deze buitengewone natuurlijke bezienswaardigheid in Nevada (Verenigde Staten) ontstond in 1916 per toeval tijdens het boren van waterputten.

Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten)

©Shutterstock

Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten)
Pas in de jaren zestig, toen er werd gezocht naar bronnen van geothermische energie, begon de geiser een hete vloeistof vol met opgeloste mineralen en bacteriën de lucht in te spuiten.

Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten)

©iStock

Fly Geyser (Verenigde Staten)
Dit rode en groene wonder is vandaag de dag een van de bijzonderste natuurverschijnselen ter wereld. Zijn zeldzame vorm maakt hem buiten gewoon mooi.

Blue Pond (Japan)

©Shutterstock

Blue Pond (Japan)
Deze kunstmatige lagune ligt vlak bij het dorp Biei, gelegen op het eiland Hokkaido. Hij ontstond door werkzaamheden aan de Biei-rivier, die werden uitgevoerd na de uitbarsting van de Tokachi-vulkaan in 1988. Het doel was om de stad te beschermen tegen vulkanische modderstromen.

Blue Pond (Japan)

©Shutterstock

Blue Pond (Japan)
De lagune heeft waarschijnlijk zijn kleur te danken aan de toevallige aanwezigheid van colloïdaal aluminiumhydroxide in het water.

Blue Pond (Japan)

©iStock

Blue Pond (Japan)
De dorre, bewegingloze bomen en de kleur van het water geven de plek zowel in de winter als in de zomer een magische sfeer.

Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne)

©Shutterstock

Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne)
Deze indrukwekkende, zeven kilometer lange tunnel is door de natuur ontstaan en wordt door de inwoners van het Oekraïense plaatsje Klevan 'de tunnel van de liefde' genoemd.

Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne)

©iStock

Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne)
De plek is vooral onder koppels een trekpleister geworden. Volgens de legende bewijzen ze dat ze elkaars ware liefde zijn wanneer ze hand in hand door de tunnel lopen.

Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne)

©Shutterstock

Tunnel of Love (Oekraïne)
De tunnel is eigenlijk een spoorlijn. Hoewel het niet vaak voorkomt, rijdt er af en toe nog steeds een trein doorheen.

Ruskeala (Rusland)

©Shutterstock

Ruskeala (Rusland)
Ruskeala is een plattelandsdorpje in de Russische deelrepubliek Karelië, waar zich ook beroemde marmergroeven bevinden

Ruskeala (Rusland)

©Shutterstock

Ruskeala (Rusland)
Ongeveer 250 jaar geleden stortte een groot deel van een van de groeven in en het gebied eromheen kwam onder water te staan, wat ze gevormd heeft tot hoe ze nu zijn. Sindsdien kan dit natuurwonder bezocht worden door toeristen van over de hele wereld.

Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan)

©Shutterstock

Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan)
Deze mysterieuze krater, die plaatselijk bekend staat als 'de poort naar de hel', werd per ongeluk gecreëerd door Sovjet-geologen. Ze staken hem in brand om de verspreiding van methaangas te voorkomen.

Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan)

©iStock

Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan)
De krater is sinds 1971 blijven branden en wordt gevoed door rijke aardgasvoorraden die zich in het gebied bevinden.

Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan)

©Shutterstock

Krater van Derweze (Turkmenistan)
De oranje vlammen hebben een diameter van ongeveer 70 meter en veroorzaken een sterke zwavelachtige geur. Het verschijnsel maakt indruk op toeristen van over de hele wereld en blijft voor geologen een mysterie.

Las Médulas (Spanje)

©Shutterstock

Las Médulas (Spanje)
Dit verbazingwekkende berglandschap is een historische locatie waar goud werd gewonnen. Het was de grootste bovengrondse goudmijn in het hele Romeinse Rijk.

Las Médulas (Spanje)

©Shutterstock

Las Médulas (Spain)
Dit fascinerende landschap is tot op de dag van vandaag intact gebleven.

Ojos del Salar (Chili)

©Shutterstock

Ojos del Salar (Chili)
Deze twee indrukwekkende lagunes in het zoutmeer Salar de Atacama zijn ontstaan door een door mensen uitgevoerd geologisch onderzoek.

Ojos del Salar (Chili)

©Shutterstock

Ojos del Salar (Chili)
Het resultaat was dit buitengewone natuurwonder, dat toeristen van over de hele wereld boeit.

Hamilton Pool (Verenigde Staten)

©Shutterstock

Hamilton Pool (Verenigde Staten)
Bij de Hamilton Pool was er geen sprake menselijk handelen, maar van het werk van de natuur. Hij ontstond duizenden jaren geleden, toen het dak van een grot instortte als gevolg van grootschalige erosie.

Hamilton Pool (United States)

©Shutterstock

Hamilton Pool (Verenigde Staten)
Het gevolg was een ware oase van kristalhelder water en prachtige vegetatie, die toeristen van over de hele wereld trekt. De Hamilton Pool ligt in de buurt van Austin (Verenigde Staten).

To Sua Ocean Trench (Samoa)

©Shutterstock

To Sua Ocean Trench (Samoa)
Dit mooie 'zwemgat' is ontstaan ​​als gevolg van watererosie. Het is een magische plek die toeristen uit alle hoeken van de wereld lokt.

Great Blue Hole (Belize)

©Shutterstock

Great Blue Hole (Belize)
Dit schitterende 'blauwe gat' is een enorme onderwatergrot. De perfect gevormde cirkel is iets meer dan 300 meter breed en 124 meter diep. Hij ontstond tienduizenden jaren geleden, toen de zeespiegel veel lager was dan nu.

Zhangye Danxia (China)

©Shutterstock

Zhangye Danxia (China)
Deze bijzondere, kleurrijke rotsformaties, die uit zandsteen en andere mineralen bestaan, ontstonden meer dan 24 miljoen jaar geleden.

Zhangye Danxia (China)

©Shutterstock

Zhangye Danxia (China)
Deze kleurrijke bergen behoren tot de mooiste natuurwonderen ter wereld.

Bryce Canyon National Park (Verenigde Staten)

©Shutterstock

Bryce Canyon (Verenigde Staten)
Bryce Canyon is een groot 'natuurlijk amfitheater' dat is ontstaan ​​door de schurende werking van wind, water en ijs.

Bryce Canyon National Park (Verenigde Staten)

©iStock

Bryce Canyon (Verenigde Staten)
Het is een waar natuurwonder waar toeristen van over de hele wereld versteld van staan.

Pamukkale (Turkije)

©Shutterstock

Pamukkale (Turkije)
De kalkterrassen bij Pamukkale zijn het resultaat van warmwaterbronnen die eronder liggen. De bronnen stootten calciumcarbonaat uit dat later hard werd, waardoor uiteindelijk deze terrassen ontstonden.

Pamukkale (Turkije)

©Shutterstock

Pamukkale (Turkije)
Deze gigantische bassins met water, dat van een helling afloopt, liggen in de buurt van Denizli en zijn een van de meest bijzondere bezienswaardigheden van Turkije.

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Onze planeet had ooit net zo’n ring als Saturnus. Het zet ons idee over de geschiedenis van de aarde op zijn kop

Onze planeet had ooit net zo’n ring als Saturnus. Het zet ons idee over de geschiedenis van de aarde op zijn kop

Artikel door Jeannette Kras
earth, planet, world
earth, planet, world
© Scientias.nl

Een nieuwe ontdekking zet onze opvattingen over de geschiedenis van de aarde op zijn kop. Onderzoekers hebben namelijk bewijs gevonden voor een ringsysteem dat 466 miljoen jaar geleden is gevormd.

Deze ring is ontstaan aan het begin van een periode met uitzonderlijk hevige en langdurige meteorietinslagen. Dat blijkt uit reconstructies van de plaattektoniek in het Ordovicium, een geologische periode die duurde van 485 tot 443 miljoen jaar geleden. De onderzoekers ontdekten dat 21 inslagkraters van asteroïden uit die tijd zich binnen 30 graden van de evenaar bevonden, terwijl meer dan 70 procent van de aarde daarbuiten ligt.

Een ring rond de aarde

Dat is eigenlijk te toevallig. Er moest daarom een andere verklaring zijn. Die lijkt nu gevonden. Waarschijnlijk is een hele grote asteroïde zo dicht langs de aarde gescheerd dat hij de Rochelimiet passeerde en door getijdenkrachten uiteenviel. De Rochelimiet is de afstand waarbinnen een hemellichaam dat door zijn eigen zwaartekracht bijeen blijft, uit elkaar valt door de getijdenkrachten. Dat is dus vermoedelijk gebeurd met een enorme asteroïde, waardoor een ring van puin ontstond rond onze planeet, vergelijkbaar met de ringen die we tegenwoordig kennen van gasreuzen als Saturnus.

“Gedurende miljoenen jaren viel materiaal uit deze ring geleidelijk op aarde, wat de piek in meteorietinslagen verklaart die in het geologische archief zijn waargenomen”, legt hoofdonderzoeker professor Andy Tomkins uit van de Monash University. “We zien ook dat lagen in sedimentaire gesteenten uit deze periode abnormale hoeveelheden meteorietpuin bevatten.”

Impact op klimaat

Het interessante is dat deze ring van puin mogelijk impact heeft gehad op het klimaat in die tijd. De ring wierp vermoedelijk een schaduw over de aarde, waardoor zonlicht werd geblokkeerd. Dat heeft wellicht bijgedragen aan de wereldwijde afkoeling, die bekendstaat als de Hirnantiene ijstijd.

Deze periode tegen het eind van het Ordovocium was een van de koudste in de afgelopen 500 miljoen jaar. “Het idee dat een ringsysteem de mondiale temperaturen heeft beïnvloed, maakt het nog complexer om te begrijpen hoe buitenaardse gebeurtenissen mogelijk het klimaat van de aarde hebben gevormd”, reageert professor Tomkins.

Gelijkmatig verdeeld

Normaal gesproken slaan asteroïden op willekeurige locaties in, dus zien we inslagkraters die gelijkmatig zijn verdeeld over bijvoorbeeld de maan en Mars. Om te onderzoeken of de verdeling van de Ordovicium-inslagkraters niet-willekeurig is en ze dus allemaal dichter bij de evenaar liggen dan je op basis van toeval zou verwachten, berekenden de onderzoekers het continentale oppervlak waarop kraters uit die tijd nog terug te vinden zijn.

Ze richtten zich op stabiele, onverstoorde kratons (zeer oude stukken aardkorst, die al heel lang tektonisch stabiel zijn) met gesteenten die ouder zijn dan het midden van de Ordoviciumperiode. Gebieden die onder sedimenten of ijs begraven zijn, geërodeerd zijn of zijn aangetast door tektonische activiteit, werden uitgesloten. Zo identificeerden de onderzoekers uiteindelijk geologisch geschikte regio’s op verschillende continenten.

Geen toeval

Gebieden in West-Australië, Afrika, het Noord-Amerikaanse kraton en kleine delen van Europa werden goedgekeurd als mogelijke plekken waar dergelijke kraters behouden zijn. Slechts 30 procent van dit geschikte landoppervlak lag dicht bij de evenaar, maar toch werden alle inslagkraters uit die periode in dit gebied gevonden. De kans dat dit toeval is, is uiterst klein.

Het is dus heel aannemelijk dat er miljoenen jaren lang een ring met puin voor meteorietinslagen zorgde. Dat is een grote ontdekking die leidt tot de heroverweging van de impact van grote gebeurtenissen in de ruimte op de evolutionaire geschiedenis van de aarde. Het roept ook vragen op over andere ringsystemen, die misschien invloed hebben gehad op de ontwikkeling van het leven op onze planeet. Zulke ringen kunnen op andere momenten in de geschiedenis invloed hebben gehad op vrijwel alles, van het klimaat tot het ontstaan en de verspreiding van leven.

  • Meer wetenschap? Lees de nieuwste artikelen op Scientias.nl .
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Earth Had Ring System 466 Million Years Ago, New Research Suggests

Earth Had Ring System 466 Million Years Ago, New Research Suggests

Breakup of an asteroid passing within Earth’s Roche limit likely formed the debris ring during the middle Ordovician period, according to new research from Monash University.

Tomkins et al. suggest that a large chondrite asteroid had a near miss encounter with Earth 466 million years ago, which caused it to break up as it passed through Earth’s Roche limit.

Tomkins et al. suggest that a large chondrite asteroid had a near miss encounter with Earth 466 million years ago, which caused it to break up as it passed through Earth’s Roche limit.

All large planets in our Solar System have rings, and it has been suggested that Mars may have had a ring in the past.

This raises the question of whether our home planet also had a ring system in the past.

In new research, Monash University’s Professor Andy Tomkins and his colleagues examined the positions of 21 asteroid impact craters from a 40-million-year period of enhanced meteor impact cratering known as the Ordovician impact spike.

All these craters are located within 30 degrees of the equator, despite over 70% of Earth’s continental crust being outside this region, an anomaly that conventional theories cannot explain.

The researchers believe this localized impact pattern was produced after a large asteroid had a close encounter with Earth.

As the asteroid passed within Earth’s Roche limit, it broke apart due to tidal forces, forming a debris ring around the planet — similar to the rings seen around Saturn and other gas giants today.

“Over millions of years, material from this ring gradually fell to Earth, creating the spike in meteorite impacts observed in the geological record,” Professor Tomkins said.

“We also see that layers in sedimentary rocks from this period contain extraordinary amounts of meteorite debris.”

“What makes this finding even more intriguing is the potential climate implications of such a ring system,” he said.

The researchers speculate that the ring could have cast a shadow on Earth, blocking sunlight and contributing to a significant global cooling event known as the Hirnantian Icehouse.

This period, which occurred near the end of the Ordovician, is recognized as one of the coldest in the last 500 million years of Earth’s history.

“The idea that a ring system could have influenced global temperatures adds a new layer of complexity to our understanding of how extraterrestrial events may have shaped Earth’s climate,” Professor Tomkins said.

“The existence of such a ring, forming around 466 million years ago and persisting for a few tens of millions of years, could explain several puzzles in our planet’s past,” lead author Andrew G. Tomkins, a geologist at Monash University in Australia, writes in the Conversation.

  • The team’s findings appear in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
  • Andrew G. Tomkins et al. 2024. Evidence suggesting that Earth had a ring in the Ordovician. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 646: 118991; doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2024.118991

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

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Three UFO Raw Videos, New York! West Virginia, Washington! Sept 1-5, 2024, UAP Sighting News.

Three UFO Raw Videos, New York! West Virginia, Washington! Sept 1-5, 2024, UAP Sighting News.

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In a recent wave of UFO sightings, three raw videos have captured public attention, each documenting mysterious aerial phenomena across the United States. On September 5, 2024, a witness in New York City recorded a strange, hovering object that appeared to defy the laws of physics amidst the city skyline.
Just a few days earlier, on September 2, 2024, a resident of Chelyan, West Virginia, filmed a similarly unidentifiable craft maneuvering erratically in the night sky. Adding to this series of sightings, a video from Lake Stevens, Washington, dated September 1, 2024, shows an object moving at remarkable speed, leaving viewers and researchers puzzled.
These videos, shared with the public by the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC), provide valuable insights into these unexplained occurrences. Unlike other organizations such as MUFON, which often restricts access to such evidence, NUFORC remains dedicated to transparency and public awareness.
A big thanks to NUFORC for their ongoing commitment to sharing these compelling sightings with the world.
Scott C. Waring
 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:50 Stuur door

Globular UFO Over West Chicago, Illinois on Sept 6, 2024, UAP Sighting News.

Globular UFO Over West Chicago, Illinois on Sept 6, 2024, UAP Sighting News.

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On September 6, 2024, a fascinating video emerged showcasing a globular UFO hovering over West Chicago, Illinois. The footage, captured by an alert witness, reveals a spherical object gliding silently across the sky, exhibiting unusual movements that defy conventional explanations.
This intriguing sighting was brought to the public's attention by the dedicated team at the National UFO Reporting Center, who continue to play a pivotal role in documenting and sharing such extraordinary events. The video has since sparked widespread interest and debate within the UAP community, as enthusiasts and researchers alike seek to unravel the mystery behind this enigmatic phenomenon.
A big thanks to the National UFO Reporting Center for their commitment to bringing these sightings to light and for their permission to use this report.
Scott C. Waring
 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:46 Stuur door

Miraculous Jesus Figure in Forest Fire: Sacred Heart Revealed? AI Enhanced Image, UFO Sighting News.

Miraculous Jesus Figure in Forest Fire: Sacred Heart Revealed? AI Enhanced Image, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Sept 2024
Location of sighting: Farmington, Utah, USA
 
Now this is very rare, an image of a person on a hilltop during a forest fire, or is it something more? I used ai artificial intelligence to enhance it, then added darkness and to show a second arm, eyes, nose, flowing hair, and heart, which all look like this Sacred Heart painting. The fire suddenly died down and disappeared that day, even though the city said it was zero percent contained, so...Devine intervention perhaps? 
Scott C. Waring

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:42 Stuur door

Er is een radiosignaal uit de diepe ruimte op aarde aangekomen: het is 8 miljard jaar oud

Er is een radiosignaal uit de diepe ruimte op aarde aangekomen: het is 8 miljard jaar oud

Janine imagedoor Janine
Een weergave van de route die de laatst ontdekte FRB aflegde van zijn oorsprong naar de aarde

M. Kornmesser/Eso

Als we aan het heelal denken, stellen we ons een oneindige uitgestrektheid voor met een paar hemellichamen, maar voor het grootste deel helemaal leeg. Toch zit de ruimte, naast sterren en planeten, vol bewegende deeltjes, fotonen en elektromagnetische golven die enorme afstanden afleggen. Soms bereiken ze zelfs de aarde, zoals onlangs is ontdekt door een team van astronomen: het oudste radiosignaal dat ooit door de mens is vastgelegd en dat acht miljard jaar geleden ontstond. Laten we eens kijken waar het over gaat!

Het oudste en krachtigste radiosignaal ooit ontdekt

Na acht miljard jaar door de ruimte te hebben gereisd, werd het radiosignaal ontdekt door wetenschappers hier op aarde. Concreet moeten we ons een ongelooflijk krachtige lichtflits voorstellen die echter geen enkele seconden duurt, maar eerder een paar milliseconden of zelfs minder: het gaat om een Fast Radio Burst, oftewel snelle radio-uitbarsting. Dit zijn de woorden van Ryan Shannon, astrofysicus aan de Swinburne University of Technology en een van de auteurs van het onderzoek:

Dat is genoeg vermogen om een ​​kom popcorn van ongeveer twee keer de grootte van de zon in de magnetron te zetten. Het onderzoek bevestigt dat snelle radio-uitbarstingen veel voorkomende gebeurtenissen zijn in de kosmos, en dat we ze kunnen gebruiken om materie tussen sterrenstelsels te detecteren en de structuur van het universum beter te begrijpen.

Het onderzoek, gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Science, stelt ook de vraag wat voor soort explosie zo'n FRB zou kunnen produceren, het oudste en krachtigste radiosignaal dat ooit is ontdekt. In minder dan een milliseconde gaf het signaal evenveel energie af als de zon in 30 jaar kan uitzenden.

Wat zijn snelle radioflitsen?

ASKAP-telescopen in Australië, die als eerste de FRB ontdekten die acht miljard jaar geleden ontstond

CSIRO/Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 3.0

De sleutel tot het begrijpen van het mysterie van het oudste en krachtigste radiosignaal dat ooit is ontdekt, zijn de snelle radio-uitbarstingen. Dit zijn raadselachtige fenomenen waarover we nog steeds niet veel weten: FRB 20220610A werd in juni 2022 onderschept door ASKAP-radiotelescopen in Australië. Vervolgens werden de gegevens verfijnd door andere telescopen in Europa en Zuid-Amerika om de oorsprong van het signaal te achterhalen.

De onderzoekers ontdekten vervolgens het gebied in de ruimte waar de snelle radioflits zou zijn ontstaan: het zou niet gaan om een enkel sterrenstelsel, maar om een hele cluster van sterrenstelsels die aan het samensmelten waren. Deze en andere FRB's zouden dus gekoppeld kunnen worden aan neutronensterren, extreem dichte objecten met een enorm magnetisch veld. In de praktijk zouden de snelle radioflitsen kunnen ontstaan door botsingen tussen neutronensterren en zwarte gaten, of door de aard van binaire stelsels waarin neutronensterren voorkomen.

Acht miljard jaar door het heelal

Zoals we in de inleiding al zeiden, is de ruimte helemaal niet leeg, hoewel het voor ons het tegenovergestelde lijkt. Er zijn niet alleen elektromagnetische golven en snelle radioflitsen, maar ook andere elementaire deeltjes, zoals bijvoorbeeld elektronen. Volgens Ryan Shannon kan het bestuderen van een FRB in de praktijk helpen om de materie die in de ruimte tussen sterrenstelsels is verspreid beter te begrijpen:

Zelfs in een bijna volledig lege ruimte kunnen snelle radioflitsen alle elektronen “zien”, waardoor we kunnen meten hoeveel materie er tussen sterrenstelsels is. Als we de hoeveelheid normale materie in het heelal tellen, de atomen waar we allemaal van gemaakt zijn, zien we dat meer dan de helft van wat er vandaag zou moeten zijn, ontbreekt.

De manier waarop deze FRB's interageren met de ruimte tussen sterrenstelsels kan ons dus veel meer vertellen over hoe de materie in het heelal verdeeld is. Dit is nog belangrijker als we bedenken dat de laatste snelle radioflits de oudste en krachtigste is die ooit is ontdekt: hij heeft acht miljard jaar door het heelal gereisd tot hij ons bereikte. En het gaat nog verder door.

{ https://www.curioctopus.nl/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:37 Stuur door

Strange alien object found inside Terry Lovelace after his Devil's Den UFO encounter

Strange alien object found inside Terry Lovelace after his Devil's Den UFO encounter

Reports of alien abductions first became widespread during the 1960s and 70s. Alleged abductees frequently described undergoing experimental procedures performed by extraterrestrial beings. Some even claimed that these aliens had inserted unknown objects into their bodies. 
alien%20implants.png

In many cases, these so-called "alien implants" are metallic and have been reported to emit radio frequency waves. Often, they are found attached to nerve endings within the body. 
One of the most prominent figures in this field of research was Dr. Roger Leir, who passed away on March 14, 2014. Along with his surgical team, Dr. Leir performed 17 surgeries on individuals who claimed to have been abducted by aliens, removing 13 distinct objects suspected to be alien implants.
alien%20implants.jpg
These objects were subjected to scientific analysis by prestigious laboratories, including Los Alamos National Labs, New Mexico Tech, and the University of California at San Diego. The findings have been puzzling, with some comparisons made to meteorite samples, and isotopic ratios in some tests suggesting materials not of Earthly origin.
One such case is that of Terry Lovelace, a former Air Force medic, who kept a disturbing secret for 40 years. In 2012, a routine x-ray revealed a small square object about the size of a fingernail which was buried deep in Terry's right leg the doctor had never see anything like it. 
Then Terry suddenly remembered the terrifying experience he had tried to forget - an event during a camping trip at Devil's Den State Park that he had never spoken of, knowing no one would believe him without proof. Yet the evidence had always been there: a strange metal object embedded in his leg, something that was not man-made. 
In 1977, Terry and a friend had an extraordinary encounter at Devil's Den State Park, where they witnessed a massive triangular craft. This experience resulted in missing time and unexplained injuries. Years later, Terry was faced with a difficult choice: reveal his story of alien contact or remain silent. His decision led him into conflict with powerful forces and uncovered a conspiracy that extended beyond our world.
While some remain skeptical, believing these implants are man-made and part of a secretive human agenda, Dr. Leir’s work, along with Terry Lovelace's experience at Devil’s Den and the mysterious object found in his leg, suggests that 'alien' implants may not be mere fiction.
  

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

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The Big Bang started it all - but the 'Big Crunch' is what could wipe us out

The Big Bang started it all - but the 'Big Crunch' is what could wipe us out

While the 'Big Bang' is widely accepted as the cosmic event that started our entire universe, scientists warn there might just be a 'Big Crunch' that destroys it all.

As theorized, the 'Big Crunch' would be a horrific scenario whereby the universe's current process of expansion snaps into reverse — ending with galaxies, stars and planets all crashing into one another, as every last shred of matter collapses inward. 

But in the past year, scientists have discovered that 'dark energy,' a force proposed to explain what 'pushes' the cosmos to expand, may be becoming less 'pushy

'That means,' as one physics professor put it, 'revising our understanding of basic physics, our understanding of the Big Bang itself, and our understanding of the long-range forecast for the Universe.'

The Big Crunch could 'suck' the universe back in on itself. Above, a NASA animation still frame which depicts two neutron stars colliding, produced by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

The Big Crunch could 'suck' the universe back in on itself. Above, a NASA animation still frame which depicts two neutron stars colliding, produced by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

TKTK. Above, a nighttime photo of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) installed at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona

TKTK. Above, a nighttime photo of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) installed at the Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona

For most people on Earth, the first signs of the Big Crunch would be in the sky, with galaxy clusters and galaxies merging, or stars beginning to collide with each other.

Telescopes would show that the cosmic microwave background (a fossil echo of the Big Bang) was warming up — and would soon reach thousands of degrees Celsius.

For comparison, the current temperature of this background microwave radiation is just under 3 degrees above 'absolute zero' or 'negative 273.15 degrees Celsius,' according to the European Space Agency (ESA), NASA and other experts.

Roughly 300,000 years after the Big Bang, this cosmic microwave background is estimated to have been 3,000 degrees Celsius; and farther back in time, closer to the Big Bang itself, NASA estimates that its heat was as high as 273 million degrees.

'At these high temperatures,' according to NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe team. 'hydrogen was completely ionized into free protons and electrons.'

In short, the forces which currently make the universe expand would fizzle out and the universe would fall in on itself, in an obscene reversal of the Big Bang.

All intergalactic matter would condense together with stars and planets sucked into a burning core where the surface of stars would ignite other celestial bodies.

Eventually, the universe itself would become a single, vast fireball, at least according to some astronomers and astrophysicists, with all living things incinerated, and time and space itself wiped out of existence.

The new data suggesting that the Big Crunch may, in fact, be the ultimate fate of our universe emerged from an incredible telescopic system on a modest mountain in Kitt Peak, Arizona — automated with the help of 5,000 tiny robots that reposition its fiber optic cables.

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) is a telescope which has spent three years building a 3D map of the universe, including millions of galaxies, at a speed previously unheard of in astronomy thanks to its robotic systems.

Over the course of one recent record-setting night this year, February 12, 2024, DESI managed to document the locations of nearly 200,000 distant 'redshift' galaxies.

It was data like this, collected by DESI, that appears to suggest that the dark energy 'fuel' responsible for the steady expansion of our universe appears to be weakening.

'The entire cosmological community was really shocked,' according to ex-DESI team member Luz Ángela García Peñaloza, a cosmologist at Columbia's Universidad ECCI.

Physicsts current 'standard model' of how the cosmos works, its history, and how it has evolved is called the Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) model — and it rests on the assumption that dark energy remains constant throughout all time.

The 'Lambda' in the theory's name, in fact, comes from a constant value, one pairing both Einstein's 'cosmological constant' and the once-presumed-constant of dark energy, a presumption DESI data collected from the past 11 billion years seem upend.

Above, an image issued by Durham University depicts portions of DESI's validation as part of the 'One-Percent Survey.' Researchers took detailed sky images in 20 different directions, crafting a 3D map of 700,000 objects, about 1 percent of the total volume DESI plans to study

Above, an image issued by Durham University depicts portions of DESI's validation as part of the 'One-Percent Survey.' Researchers took detailed sky images in 20 different directions, crafting a 3D map of 700,000 objects, about 1 percent of the total volume DESI plans to study

The new data suggesting that the Big Crunch may, in fact, be the ultimate fate of our universe emerged from DESI, an incredible telescopic system perched on a modest mountain in Kitt Peak, Arizona. Above, DESI installed inside the dome of the Kitt Peak National Observatory

The new data suggesting that the Big Crunch may, in fact, be the ultimate fate of our universe emerged from DESI, an incredible telescopic system perched on a modest mountain in Kitt Peak, Arizona. Above, DESI installed inside the dome of the Kitt Peak National Observatory

'DESI saw that the "equation of state" of the universe isn't consistent with the usual LCDM model,' García Peñaloza told Space.com, 'but instead, it is showing a hint that dark energy is varying with time.'

'This was pretty surprising because most cosmological observations thus far have favored the LCDM model,' she explained. 

The shocking discovery, she added, 'open a window for variable dark energy models' meaning not just the possibility of a Big Crunch but for other odd outcomes as well.

First theorized in 1998, dark energy is a theoretical force which explains why the universe is expanding, and why that expansion is accelerating.

The idea of dark energy is that the vacuum of space possesses a tiny amount of energy of its own, so faint and difficult to measure that it was dubbed 'dark energy.'

But the hints coming from DESI suggest that not only is dark energy weakening, but there has been a process whereby it first got stronger, only then to slowly weaken.

'If dark energy isn't a strict constant, who knows how it evolves,' as astronomer Joan Najita with the National Science Foundation's NOIRLab said this year. 

'That uncertainty, and the potential unshackling from a cosmological constant,' she noted, 'opens a richer set of potential futures for us.'

Each point in this cross section of the DESI map represents one galaxy. The preliminary version of the DESI map (above) shows only 400,000 of the 35 million galaxies expected for final map

Each point in this cross section of the DESI map represents one galaxy. The preliminary version of the DESI map (above) shows only 400,000 of the 35 million galaxies expected for final map

A slide through 3-D map of galaxies from the completed SDSS survey (left) and from the first few months of the DESI survey (right). The earth is at the centre, with the furthest galaxies plotted at distances of 10 billion light years

A slide through 3-D map of galaxies from the completed SDSS survey (left) and from the first few months of the DESI survey (right). The earth is at the centre, with the furthest galaxies plotted at distances of 10 billion light years

If the expansion of the universe continues, fueled by dark energy, another possible end will be almost as nightmarish - a scenario described as the 'Big Freeze', where as the universe expands relentlessly, eventually stars will stop forming.

Existing stars will run out of fuel, and stars travel further and further apart, leading to a lonely, dark universe as one by one the stars blink out.

From our Milky Way galaxy, no other galaxies will be visible.

Once the stars burn out, the dominant features of the universe will be black holes - until they too evaporate, leaving a universe barely above absolute zero, in a new 'dark era' which will last far longer than any which came before it.

But DESI scientists are actually optimistic that the new data (which is still being analyzed) will lead to a new understanding of physics.

The DESI team have already used their observations to detect a new Quasar (above), one of the brightest types of galaxies visible from Earth

The DESI team have already used their observations to detect a new Quasar (above), one of the brightest types of galaxies visible from Earth

The new results will likely mean a new understanding of dark energy — and, thus, even of the 'standard model' scientists have relied on to understand the physics that undergirds our universe.

'Essentially we have to start from scratch,' Physics professor Carlos Frenk of Durham University told The Guardian earlier this year. 

And other researchers believe this reckoning for dark energy is well over due.

'The idea that dark energy is varying is very natural,' according to Princeton University cosmologist Paul Steinhardt.

If it were not, as Steinhardt told Quanta: 'It would be the only form of energy we know which is absolutely constant in space and time.' 

WHAT IS DARK ENERGY?

Dark energy is a phrase used by physicists to describe a mysterious 'something' that is causing unusual things to happen in the universe. 

The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. 

Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today.

The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline, as illustrated in this Nasa graphic

The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline, as illustrated in this Nasa graphic

So the expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. 

No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.

'The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline.

'What we'd expect is that the expansion would get slower and slower as time goes by, because it has been nearly 14 billion years since the Big Bang.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:23 Stuur door

See the Northern Lights from SPACE: NASA astronaut on board the ISS films a stunning video of the astronomical light display

See the Northern Lights from SPACE: NASA astronaut on board the ISS films a stunning video of the astronomical light display

  • Mr Dominick has been on board the ISS since March 3, 2024
  • He has tweeted a stunning bird's-eye-view of the Northern Lights 

Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists.

Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space.

Matthew Dominick, a NASA astronaut currently on board the International Space Station (ISS), tweeted his bird's-eye view of the Northern Lights.  

The stunning footage has garnered huge attention, with fans dazzled by the unique view of the aurora. 

Even NASA itself was impressed, with the NASA Earth X account replying: 'These videos never get old.'

Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists. Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space

Witnessing the Northern Lights is something that features on many people's bucket-lists. Now, one lucky astronaut has trumped seeing them from Earth, and instead has posted an incredible video of the aurora from space

Mr Dominick launched to the ISS on March 3, 2024 as commander of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission. 

He’s serving as a flight engineer aboard the orbiting laboratory and was expected to spend around six months on the ISS, although his return to Earth could be pushed back amid the issues with the Boeing Starliner. 

While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point.  

'Timelapse of the moon setting into streams of red and green aurora followed by a sunrise lighting up Soyuz with a light blue,' he wrote in the caption with his latest video.

'The aurora have been amazing the past few days.'

His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement. 

'Man that is just amazing... what a sight,' one user wrote. 

Another added: 'you are becoming the ultimate space photographer, great work again!'

While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point

While he spends most of his time on the ISS conducting scientific experiments, Mr Dominick also regularly snaps photos and films footage from his unique vantage point

His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement

His video has already been viewed almost 800,000 times, and several fans have replied, expressing their amazement

And one joked: 'What a strange world. Fun to visit, I'm sure.'

Auroras are caused by disturbances in Earth's 'magnetosphere' (its system of magnetic fields) due to powerful activity on the sun. 

High-energy particles travel from the sun towards us at hundreds of miles per second before bombarding our magnetosphere.

At this point, some of the energy and small particles can travel down the magnetic field lines at the north and south poles into our planet's atmosphere.

There, the particles interact with gases in our atmosphere, resulting in beautiful displays of light in the sky, known as auroras. 

Oxygen gives off green and red light, while nitrogen glows blue and purple. 

WHAT ARE AURORAS AND WHAT TRIGGERS THE STUNNING NATURAL DISPLAYS?

The Northern and Southern Lights are natural light spectacles triggered in our atmosphere that are also known as the 'Auroras'.

There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis, which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.'

The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere. 

There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis (file photo), which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.' The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere

There are two types of Aurora - Aurora Borealis (file photo), which means 'dawn of the north', and Aurora Australis, 'dawn of the south.' The displays light up when electrically charged particles from the sun enter the Earth’s atmosphere

Usually the particles, sometimes referred to as a solar storm, are deflected by Earth’s magnetic field.

But during stronger storms they enter the atmosphere and collide with gas particles, including hydrogen and helium.

These collisions emit light. Auroral displays appear in many colours although pale green and pink are common.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 23:03 Stuur door

NASA Watches a Peanut-Shaped Asteroid Drift Past Earth

Near-Earth asteroid 2024 ON. Credit: NASA/JPL.

NASA Watches a Peanut-Shaped Asteroid Drift Past Earth

Peanuts! Get your peanuts here! The Solar System has been passing out peanuts lately in the form of two different oddly shaped asteroids that recently passed by Earth, and both look like over-sized peanuts. The latest peanut-shaped asteroid pass was on September 16, 2024, when the near-Earth asteroid 2024 ON came within 1 million kilometers (62,000 miles) of Earth (2.6 times the Earth-Moon distance). Radar imaging revealed the asteroid was peanut-shaped because it is actually a contact binary – which means it is made of two smaller objects touching each other. NASA says the two rounded lobes are separated by a pronounced neck, and one lobe about 50% larger than the other.

In total, 2024 ON measures about 350 meters (382 yards) long. The radar could resolve features down to about 3.75 meters across on the surface, including brighter boulders. NASA says about 14% of asteroids in this size range (larger than about 200 meters (660 feet)) are contact binaries.

Just last month, on August 18-19, 2024, the other “peanut” passed by our planet. Asteroid 2024 JV33 appears to also be a contact binary with two rounded lobes, one lobe larger than the other, and is about 300 meters (980 feet) long, about as long as the Eiffel Tower. Imagery showed that asteroid 2024 JV33 rotates once every seven hours. It safely passed Earth a little further than 2024 ON, at a distance of 4.6 million km (2.8 million miles), about 12 times the distance between the Moon and Earth.

Both asteroids were captured in a series of radar images obtained by the Deep Space Network’s Goldstone Solar System Radar near Barstow, California. The principal technique for studying asteroids is radar – called planetary radar. While astronomers can study the Universe by capturing light from stars, planets, and galaxies, they can also study nearby objects by shining radio light on them and analyzing the signals that echo back. Planetary radar can reveal incredibly detailed information about our planetary neighbors.

“When astronomers are studying light that is being made by a star, or galaxy, they’re trying to figure out its properties,” said Patrick Taylor, radar division head for the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, in an interview I did with him earlier this year. “But with radar, we already know what the properties of the signals are, and we leverage that to figure out the properties of whatever we bounced the signals off of. That allows us to characterize planetary bodies – like their shape, speed, and trajectory. That’s especially important for hazardous objects that might stray too close to Earth.”

An animation of the radar images showing the rotation of asteroid 2024 ON. Credit: NASA/JPL.

2024 ON was discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) on Mauna Loa in Hawaii on July 27. The asteroid was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey in Tucson, Arizona, on May 4.

NASA labels objects larger than 492 feet that come within 4.6 million miles of Earth “potentially hazardous objects,” so scientists are monitoring 2024 JV33 for potential danger even though they don’t expect the asteroid to pose a threat in the future..

 { https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 22:31 Stuur door

Metal Part 3D Printed in Space for the First Time

The ESA has created the first 3D-printed metal component in space. Credit: ESA/NASA

Metal Part 3D Printed in Space for the First Time

Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, has had a profound impact on the way we do business. There is scarcely any industry that has not been affected by the adoption of this technology, and that includes spaceflight. Companies like SpaceX, Rocket Lab, Aerojet Rocketdyne, and Relativity Space have all turned to 3D printing to manufacture engines, components, and entire rockets. NASA has also 3D-printed an aluminum thrust chamber for a rocket engine and an aluminum rocket nozzle, while the ESA fashioned a 3D-printed steel floor prototype for a future Lunar Habitat.

Similarly, the ESA and NASA have been experimenting with 3D printing in space, known as in-space manufacturing (ISM). Recently, the ESA achieved a major milestone when their Metal 3D Printer aboard the International Space Station (ISS) produced the first metal part ever created in space. This technology is poised to revolutionize operations in Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) by ensuring that replacement parts can be manufactured in situ rather than relying on resupply missions. This process will reduce operational costs and enable long-duration missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond!

The Metal 3D Printer is a technology demonstrator built by an industrial team led by Airbus Defence and Space (SAS) in partnership with the ESA’s Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration. It was launched to the ISS in late January and installed in the European Drawer Rack aboard the ESA’s Columbus Laboratory Module by European astronaut Andreas Mogensen. The printer became operational by the following June, and the first 3D metal shape was produced by August. With the first metal component built, the ESA plans to create three more as part of the experiment.

These four samples will then be sent to Earth for quality analysis and testing. Two will be sent to the ESA’s European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) in the Netherlands, a third to the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and the fourth to the ESA’s European Astronaut Centre (EAC) in Cologne, where it will be integrated into the LUNA facility—a lunar analog environment designed for astronaut training. The availability of ISM will significantly reduce the challenges of resupplying spacecraft as they travel to the Moon, Mars, and other locations in deep space.

For long-duration missions on the lunar surface, the ability to print machine parts and ship them directly from LEO will reduce the number of launches needed to sustain operations there. As for Mars, the ability to manufacture replacement parts, repair equipment, and construct specific tools on demand will ensure a measure of autonomy for mission crews and reduce their reliance on resupply missions sent from Earth. This is especially important given the limited launch windows to Mars (every 26 months) and the time it takes to make a one-way transit (6 to 9 months).

NASA is also pursuing an ISM project aboard the ISS with the help of its commercial partners through the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), with additional support provided by the physics-based modeling group at NASA’s Ames Research Center. These efforts began in 2014 when NASA launched the first 3D printer (manufactured by Made In Space, Inc.) to the ISS. This technology demonstrator used the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process to create objects out of plastic and proved that 3D printing could work in a microgravity environment.

This was followed by the creation of the Additive Manufacturing Facility (AMF), which can print using a variety of materials. These devices allowed for the creation of the first 3D-printed tools in space, including a plastic wrench, a rachet wrench, and more. In 2019, NASA added the ReFabricator experiment to the ISS, which was developed by Tethers Unlimited to create 3D-printed parts using recycled plastic materials. However, the ESA’s technology demonstrator is the first to successfully print a metal component in microgravity conditions.

Artist’s impression of Artemis astronauts conducting science operations on the Moon. Credit: NASA

The experiments will not stop there. In 2021, NASA sent another 3D printer to the ISS, the Redwire Regolith Print (RRP), designed to fashion construction materials out of lunar regolith. They are also investigating how Moon rover wheels can be 3D-printed on the lunar surface and how Martian rocks and minerals could be used to manufacture whatever future missions will need in situ. In collaboration with the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) and Youngstown State University (YSU), NASA is also considering how batteries could be 3D printed using lunar or Martian resources.

The potential applications for this technology are almost limitless and are integral to all plans for human expansion beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

Further Reading: 

two women in sweat suits unpack a large metal box in a cramped laboratory full of wires and computers. they are floating

NASA astronaut and Expedition 71 Flight Engineer Jeanette Epps configures the Metal 3D printer that manufactures experimental samples printed with stainless steel abaord the International Space Station's Columbus laboratory module. 

(Image credit: NASA/JSC)

two women in sweat suits unpack a large metal box in a cramped laboratory full of wires and computers. they are floating

NASA astronauts (from left) Suni Williams, Pilot for Boeing's Crew Flight Test, and Jeanette Epps, Expedition 71 Flight Engineer, configure the Metal 3D printer inside the Columbus laboratory module. They retrieved an experimental sample printed with stainless steel, replaced a substrate in the advanced manufacturing hardware, then reinstalled the 3D printer back in Columbus' European Drawer Rack-2. 

(Image credit: NASA/JSC)

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Did Mars Once Have a Third, Larger Moon?

Mars with its two moons Phobos and Deimos

Did Mars Once Have a Third, Larger Moon?

We are all familiar with our one Moon but other planets have different numbers of moons; Mercury has none, Jupiter has 95 and Mars has two. A new paper proposes that Mars may actually have had a third larger moon. Why? The red planet has a triaxial shape which means it bulges just like Earth does but along a third axis. The paper suggests a massive moon could have distorted Mars into this shape. 

Celestial bodies that orbit planets or dwarf planets are known as moons. They vary significantly in size from just a few kilometres to several thousand kilometres. Earth’s Moon (notice capital ‘M’) is the moon everyone is familiar with but there are many fascinating moons in the outer Solar System from the largest moon Ganymede to the icy ocean world Europa or Titan with its methane lakes. Even Mars has two moons; Phobos and Deimos.

Phobos and Deimos, photographed here by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, are tiny, irregularly-shaped moons that are probably strays from the main asteroid belt. Credit: NASA – See more at: http://astrobob.areavoices.com/2013/07/05/rovers-capture-loony-moons-and-blue-sunsets-on-mars/#sthash.eMDpTVPT.dpuf

In a paper published by Michael Efroimsky from the US Naval Observatory in Washington the shape of Mars is explored with a view to assessing the liklihood of a third moon of Mars. Efroimsky explains that the triaxial nature of Mars is noticeable through the equatorial ellipticity which is produced by the Tharsis Rise. Another less noticeable bulge is located almost opposite to the Tharsis rise and is in the Syrtis Major Planum region.

1782270_1563749187181771_670497199779229848_o.jpg

Olympus Mons, Tharsis Bulge trio of volcanoes and Valles Marineris from ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission. Note the clouds and south polar ice cap. Credit: ISRO

The paper proposes the peculiar bulge shape of Mars has been caused by two different elements. The initial shape was caused by a massive moon in orbit around the young and pliable Mars. It was in a synchronous or captured orbit so the same face of Mars was always pointing toward the moon. Under the constant tug of gravity, a triaxial ellipsoid shape evolved. A triaxial ellipsoid is shaped like a rugby ball but the three axes are of different lengths. The longest axis was aligned to the Moon while the others were forged by other tidal effects. 

The second element of the development of the shape of Mars relates to the convection processes under its surface. After the triaxial ellipsoid shape developed, the tidally raised regions became more prone to uplift driven by convection, tectonic and volcanic activity. The activity slowly enhanced the triaxial ellipticity seen today. 

Efroimsky demonstrates that a moon of less than a third of the mass of the Moon, in a synchronous orbit around Mars was capable of creating the initial triaxiality (this is my new favourite word!) The research also put showed that the asymmetry of the equator was significant if the synchronous moon existed while Mars still have magma oceans, and was weaker if the moon showed up at the solidification stage.

In order for the second element to be evidenced, further research is required. However Efroimsky believes the tidal deformations could very easily oscillate and generate heat. A moon in an elliptical but synchronous orbit would appear to oscillate east/west around the same region of sky. This would enhance the tidal deformation and internal heating of the system giving credence to Efroimsky’s theory that Mars did indeed once have a third larger moon. 

Source : 

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British RAF Officer Met Human-Looking Alien Named Mr. Janus In London In 1950s

Peter Horsley

British RAF Officer Met Human-Looking Alien Named Mr. Janus In London In 1950s

The impressive career of Sir Peter Horsley began in 1939 after he joined the Royal Air Force during the war outbreak. He was only 18 years old when he started working with the British military. First, he was an air gunner, then a pilot in the RAF, and also worked as a flight instructor. Besides, he was a pilot of Major General Sir Miles Graham. Having so many accomplishments in the RAF, he had never thought that one day, he would have a chance to meet an extraterrestrial in  London.

After the Second World War ended, Horsley returned to England in 1947 and was appointed Adjutant to the Oxford University Air Squadron in 1948. In the following year, he served as a Squadron for the British royal family and also acted as an assistant officer for Queen Elizabeth II and her husband. He became a Wing Commander in 1952 and from 1953 to 1956, he was a full-time Equerry to Prince Philip. He retired from the Royal Air Force as the Deputy-Commander-in-Chief of Strike Command.

Sounds From Another RoomSounds From Another Room by Peter Horsley

In his autobiography “Sounds From Another Room” which was released in 1998, Horsely wrote about a two-hour meeting with an extraterrestrial being named Mr. Janus in a dark room in some London house.

“I don’t care what people think — it was what happened. I would say they come from another planet somewhere in the universe but not in our galaxy. They are benign, not aggressive and, like us, are explorers,” Horsely said. (Source)

This amazing resume has something interesting in it. It talks about a possible meeting with an alien named “Mr. Janus.” This story is found in Horsley’s book from 1998 called “Sounds From Another Room.”

“Janus was there, sitting by the fire in a deep chair. He asked: ‘What is your interest in flying saucers?’ We talked for hours about traveling in space and time. I don’t know what or who he was. He didn’t say he was a visitor from another planet but I had that impression. I believe he was here to observe us. I never saw him again. I have no qualms about the reaction to my experience with Mr. Janus.”

Horsely found out that Prince Philip had a fascination for UFOs. What’s more, he felt strange at the royal palace. He wrote in his book: “[The Duke] was quite interested. As always his mind was open. He agreed I should do a study on the subject in my spare time; as long as I kept it in perspective and didn’t bring the Palace into disrepute. He didn’t want to see headlines about him believing in little green men.”

Duke of Edinburgh Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Philip with her wife Queen Elizabeth II in the 1950s

In 1954, Horsely met General Martin who believed that the UFOs were sent to Earth by an alien civilization to prevent a nuclear war (a similar claim was also made by Edgar Mitchell who said before his death, “Aliens Arrived To Stop Nuclear War”). One day, Martin called Horsely, inviting him to meet a mysterious woman named Mrs. Markham at her residence in Smith Street, Chelsea, London. The next morning, he was introduced to a stranger named Mr. Janus.

Janus straightly asked Horsely what he knew about UFOs. They had a conversation for hours, talking about traveling into space and through time. Horsely had no clue who Janus was. But somewhere in his mind, he thought that Janus was a visitor from outer space who had come to Earth to observe the people.

Read also:

During a chat with Janus, Horsely was surprised when Janus told him that he would like to meet Prince Philip. Horsely replied that it would not be easy. He asked why he would like to meet the Duke of Edinburgh. Janus replied: “He is a man of great vision. . . who believes strongly in the proper relationship between man and nature which will prove of great importance in future galactic harmony… perhaps you and I can discuss the subject first and you will be able to judge whether I’m dangerous or not.”

According to The Sun, Prince Philip got interested in UFOs because his uncle, Lord Mountbatten, wrote about a silver spaceship landing on his estate in 1955. The report was kept secret until Lord Mountbatten died in 1979. It said a man named Fred Briggs saw the craft and a figure in overalls and a helmet coming out of it. Then Briggs got knocked off his bike and held down by something he couldn’t see.

In 2016, Nick Pope, who ran the Ministry of Defence’s UFO project told the Daily Star that Philip at one time was ‘absolutely fascinated’ with extraterrestrial activity.

He said: ‘This royal interest in UFOs was extremely difficult for us at the MoD because our policy was to downplay the true extent of our interest and involvement in UFOs…We routinely told Parliament, the media, and the public that the subject was of very limited interest and ‘no defense significance.”

UFO researcher Timothy Good, who spoke with Peter Horsley on the matter, related: “In my second and last meeting with Sir Peter Horsley at his home in 2000, he revealed that, in addition to being disturbed by the realization that Janus was reading his mind, he was even more disturbed by the fact that this extraordinary man ‘knew all Britain’s top-secret nuclear secrets.’”

Sir Peter Horsley Sir Peter Horsley

Interestingly, Janus told Horsely that extraterrestrials were constantly watching humanity, as humans have a low level of consciousness. American author Richard Dolan wrote in his book “The Alien Agendas: A Speculative Analysis of Those Visiting Earth” that Horsely mentioned the mysterious group known as The Observers who had been studying Earth for a long time and also interacted with people.

Those observers “have highly developed mental powers, including the extra-sensory, thought-reading, hypnosis and the ability to use different dimensions,” Dolan wrote. He also talked about gray aliens, reptilians, insectoids, hybrid beings, and others in his book.

Janus thought, maybe this strange event was part of a plan by the government to see if Sir Peter was loyal to the country. Researchers Clarke and Roberts had this interesting idea. They asked Horsley if he thought it was possible that MI5, like the FBI in the United States, set him up to test him.

Horsley said firmly, “no.” He kept believing this until he died in 2001. He said, “I don’t care what people think – it was what happened. I would say they come from another planet somewhere in the universe but not in our galaxy. They are benign, not aggressive and, like us, are explorers.”


Meet the Mysterious Mr. Janus - Observer from Another World

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Collisions could increase chance of 'God of Destruction' asteroid Apophis hitting Earth

Collisions could increase chance of 'God of Destruction' asteroid Apophis hitting Earth

Story by Robert Lea
On Friday, 13, 2029, Earth will have a fascinating and intimidating visitor in the form of the "God of Destruction" asteroid Apophis. The asteroid — named after the Egyptian serpent god of chaos and destruction Apep — is so large and will pass within 19,000 miles (30,600 kilometers) of Earth, so close to our planet that it could be visible to the naked eye. 


Will Apophis Hit Earth in 2036?

New research has suggested that if other much smaller space rocks hit Apophis, the asteroid, which is almost as wide as the Empire State Building is tall, could be redirected, and Earth might not be narrowly missed by it during subsequent passages or in extreme circumstances, even during the 2029 passage. But don't panic just yet. 

Research author Paul Wiegert, an astronomer at the University of Western Ontario, told Space.com that the odds of a dangerous asteroid strike on Apophis are very low. "The odds are essentially 1 in a million that an asteroid strike could deflect Apophis enough to put it in danger of a future post-2029 collision, and only 1 in a billion that it could send Apophis colliding with Earth in 2029," he said.

"I calculated the odds of asteroid Apophis, whose current path is computed to take it near but safely past our planet in 2029, being deflected onto a more dangerous path by an unexpected small asteroid impact," Wiegert explained. "These are the same kind of small asteroids that occasionally appear in our atmosphere as 'shooting stars' or 'fireballs' and could strike Apophis just as unexpectedly."

Related:

Wiegert explained that in the research, he questioned whether an asteroid would strike during the period from 2021 to 2027 when our telescopes couldn't observe Apophis and if this could deflect it enough to make it dangerous. 

"Asteroid Apophis is essentially unobservable from now until 2027 because it is in the daytime sky, and so it could be hit without us being immediately aware of the event," he continued.

A chaotic event could mean the rise of Apophis

Discovered in 2004, Apophis (full designation Apophis 99942) immediately rose to the top of tables that measure the risk of so-called potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) asteroids with widths of 460 feet (140 meters) or more that come within 20 lunar distances of Earth. 

Both the size of Apophis and its trajectory saw it remain at the top of both the European Space Agency's (ESA's) "impact risk list" of PHAs and NASA's Sentry Risk Table for almost two decades.

That was until a close flyby of the asteroid in March 2021 allowed NASA scientists to determine Apophis actually won't hit the Earth for at least 100 years. 

Now, this new research shows that chance encounters with other space rocks could redirect the 1,000-foot-wide (305-meter-wide)  Apophis to put it on a collision course with Earth in 2029 or later, meaning it could rocket back to the top of the risk tables. 

Wiegart calculated the effect that objects of different sizes would have if they struck Apophis and then used the number of objects of these sizes that strike Earth each year to determine the probability of such an impact.

"An asteroid about 60 centimeters (24 inches) across could, if it struck Apophis from exactly the right direction, put Apophis onto a post-2029 collision course. But it would take a 3 meter (10 foot) diameter asteroid to strike Apophis, again, in just the right direction, to put in danger of a collision in 2029," Wiegart said. "These kinds of collisions are extremely rare."

When considering the angle necessary to divert Apophis so that it could strike Earth on a future passage, Wiegart found the chance of the asteroid being diverted to hit our planet after 2029 to be 1 in 1 million. The chances of a roughly 3-meter-wide asteroid hitting Apophis and putting it on a collision course with Earth in 2029 were  1 in 2 billion.

An illustration of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, as it approaches its target. Could such measures be deployed against Apophis?? (Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL)
An illustration of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, as it approaches its target. Could such measures be deployed against Apophis??
(Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL)© Provided by Space

These low odds are fortunate considering the huge damage Apophis would cause were it to strike Earth. The Planetary Society estimated that if Apophis were to hit Earth it could release energy equal to more than 1,000 megatons of TNT, equivalent to the detonation of tens or even hundreds of nuclear weapons.

This could spread devastation across a radius of hundreds of miles. Even though it won't come close to the devastation caused 65,000,000 years ago by the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs and two-thirds of all species on Earth, millions of people would die if Apophis hit a highly populated metropolitan area.

If we discover Apophis is on a collision course with Earth during its next passages in 2029, 2036, and 2068, we would have some options to attempt to divert it. For instance, just as a small impact could shift the God of Destruction space rock toward Earth, another small collision could reorientate its trajectory away again if space agencies had enough warning.

In 2022, NASA tried out this idea, striking the asteroid system Dimorphos and Didymos with the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) impactor and measuring the change in its motion.

"It is possible that a mission like DART could be used to divert Apophis back onto a safe path, but exactly how and if this would work has yet to be worked out," Wiegart said. 

Other diversions range from the forceful, such as hitting an asteroid with a nuclear weapon, to the sublime, such as painting one side of an asteroid black, causing it to absorb more solar radiation, shifting its center of mass, and altering its trajectory. These methods are well-founded scientifically but are yet to be tested.

"It's difficult to say what other diversion methods would work, but scientists are thinking hard about our options," Wiegart said.

Though Apophis is unlikely to live up to its fearsome name in 2029 by impacting Earth, its scientific impact will be immeasurable. Plans are already being hatched to use spacecraft and satellites to rendezvous with the asteroid as it heads toward its closest approach to our planet.

"Apophis' upcoming close pass in 2029 is a natural milestone for our planet, as we move into a time where we as a global community have the ability to avoid disastrous asteroid impacts like those that may have extinguished the dinosaurs," Wiegart concluded. "The astronomical community as a whole is continuing to think about dangerous asteroids like Apophis as well as possible next steps."

Apophis, The Asteroid That Could Hit Earth In 2029
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47-year-old Voyager 1 spacecraft just fired up thrusters it hasn’t used in decades

47-year-old Voyager 1 spacecraft just fired up thrusters it hasn’t used in decades

Story by Ashley Strickland, CNN

Engineers at NASA have successfully fired up a set of thrusters Voyager 1 hasn’t used in decades to solve an issue that could keep the 47-year-old spacecraft from communicating with Earth from billions of miles away.

Voyager_7-copy-AC.width-1024.jpg

Voyager 1 was launched in 1977
NASA

When Voyager 1 lifted off to space on September 5, 1977, no one expected that the probe would still be operating today.

As a result of its exceptionally long-lived mission, Voyager 1 experiences issues as its parts age in the frigid outer reaches beyond our solar system. When an issue crops up, engineers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, have to get creative while still being careful of how the spacecraft will react to any changes.

Currently the farthest spacecraft from Earth, Voyager 1 is about 15 billion miles (24 billion kilometers) away. The probe operates beyond the heliosphere — the sun’s bubble of magnetic fields and particles that extends well beyond Pluto’s orbit — where its instruments directly sample interstellar space.

Earlier this year, engineers spotted an issue when the fuel tube inside one of Voyager’s thrusters became clogged. If the thrusters are clogged, they can’t generate as much force to keep the spacecraft steady. Voyager’s thrusters keep the spacecraft oriented in a way that it can communicate with Earth.

If Voyager 1 isn’t positioned in such a way so that its antenna is pointed at Earth, the spacecraft can’t “hear” commands from mission control or send back data, according to Calla Cofield, media relations specialist at JPL.

“If the thrusters that keep the antenna pointed at Earth get clogged, that would be end of mission,” she said.

The team realized it would have to send commands to the spacecraft to switch to another set of thrusters, but the fix wouldn’t be a simple one.

An artist's concept depicts NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft entering interstellar space, or the space between stars. - NASA/JPL-Caltech

An artist's concept depicts NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft entering interstellar space, or the space between stars.
NASA/JPL-Caltech

A recurring problem

It’s not the first time Voyager 1 has needed to switch over to another set of thrusters in recent decades. Fortunately, the spacecraft has three sets of thrusters: two sets of attitude propulsion thrusters and one set devoted to trajectory correction maneuvers.

Voyager 1 used the thrusters for a variety of purposes as it flew by planets such as Jupiter and Saturn in 1979 and 1980, respectively.

Now, the spacecraft is traveling on an unchanging path away from our solar system, so it just requires one set of thrusters to help keep its antenna pointed at Earth. To fuel the thrusters, liquid hydrazine is converted into gas and released in about 40 short puffs per day to keep Voyager 1 oriented correctly.

Over time, engineers discovered that a fuel tube inside the thrusters can become clogged with silicon dioxide, a byproduct of the fuel tank’s rubber diaphragm aging. As the thrusters become clogged, they generate less force.

In 2002, the team commanded Voyager 1 to switch to its second set of attitude propulsion thrusters when the first set showed signs of clogging. Engineers switched again to the trajectory correction thruster set in 2018 when the second set also appeared clogged.

But when the team recently checked on the status of Voyager’s trajectory correction thrusters, they were even more clogged than the previous two sets of thrusters.

When the team initially switched Voyager over to the trajectory correction thrusters six years ago, the tube opening was 0.01 inches (0.25 millimeters) across. But now, clogging has reduced it to 0.0015 inches (0.035 millimeters) — half the width of a human hair, according to NASA.

It was time to rotate back to another set of attitude propulsion thrusters.

Making a challenging swap

As Voyager 1 and its twin probe, Voyager 2, have aged, the mission team has slowly turned off nonessential systems on both spacecraft to conserve power, including heaters. As a result, components on Voyager 1 are colder now, and the team knew it couldn’t just send a command to Voyager 1 to switch immediately to one of the attitude propulsion thrusters without doing something to warm them up.

But Voyager 1 doesn’t have enough power to switch any heaters back on without turning something else off, and its scientific instruments are too valuable to shut off in case they don’t come back on, the team said.

After going back to the drawing board, the team realized it could shut off one of the spacecraft’s main heaters for about an hour, which would enable engineers to turn on the thruster heaters and safely make the switch.

This plan worked, and by August 27, Voyager 1 was back to relying on one of its original thruster sets to stay in touch with Earth.

The team has taken steps to use the thrusters less, and it is expecting to get another two to three years out of the original set, said Todd Barber, Voyager propulsion engineer.

Once the spacecraft has exhausted this thruster set, Voyager 1’s remaining option is the other already clogged set of attitude propulsion thrusters.

“All the decisions we will have to make going forward are going to require a lot more analysis and caution than they once did,” said Suzanne Dodd, Voyager’s project manager, in a statement.

Voyager 2 has also gone through thruster swaps in 1999 and 2019, and “the situation there is less dire,” Barber said. Voyager 2 has traveled more than 12 billion miles (20 billion kilometers) from Earth.

The information collected by these long-lived probes is helping scientists learn about the cometlike shape of the heliosphere and how it protects Earth from energized particles and radiation in interstellar space.

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Massive underground ocean found 700 km below Earth’s surface : Groundbreaking discovery stuns scientists

Massive underground ocean found 700 km below Earth’s surface : Groundbreaking discovery stuns scientists

Massive underground ocean found 700 km below Earth’s surface : Groundbreaking discovery stuns scientists

Massive underground ocean found 700 km below Earth’s surface : Groundbreaking discovery stuns scientists
© Daily Galaxy

Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that challenges our understanding of Earth's water cycle. A massive underground ocean, three times larger than all surface oceans combined, has been found 700 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. This astonishing find could revolutionize theories about the origin of water on our planet and its long-term stability.

Unveiling the hidden reservoir

The monumental reservoir lies hidden within a blue rock formation known as ringwoodite, deep within Earth's mantle. This layer of scorching rocks, situated between the planet's surface and core, harbors an aqueous secret of immense proportions. The discovery lends credence to the theory that oceans may have gradually seeped from Earth's interior, rather than originating from cometary impacts.

Steven Jacobsen, lead researcher from Northwestern University in Illinois, states, "This is tangible evidence that water on Earth came from within." The implications of this finding are far-reaching, potentially explaining the consistent size of surface oceans over millions of years.

The underwater expanse is not a traditional ocean but rather water molecules trapped within the crystal structure of ringwoodite. This unique arrangement allows for an enormous amount of water to be stored in a relatively compact space.

Innovative research techniques

To uncover this subterranean ocean, scientists employed cutting-edge seismological methods. The research team utilized an extensive network of 2,000 seismographs across the United States to study seismic waves generated by over 500 earthquakes. These waves, capable of penetrating deep into the Earth's core, can be detected at the surface, providing valuable data about the planet's internal structure.

By measuring the velocity of these waves at various depths, researchers were able to determine the composition of the rocks they traversed. The presence of water was detected when the waves slowed significantly upon entering the water-rich rock layer. Jacobsen describes it as "a layer of rocks with water along the edges between the grains, as if they were sweating."

This innovative approach to studying Earth's interior has opened new avenues for understanding our planet's composition and evolution. The team's methodology can be summarized as follows :

  • Deployment of seismographs across a wide area
  • Collection of data from numerous earthquakes
  • Analysis of seismic wave velocities at different depths
  • Interpretation of rock composition based on wave behavior

Implications for Earth's water cycle

The discovery of this colossal subterranean reservoir has profound implications for our understanding of Earth's water cycle. Scientists now believe that this hidden ocean may play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of surface water bodies. "We should rejoice at the presence of this reservoir," Jacobsen remarks. "If it weren't there, it would be on the Earth's surface, and mountain tops would be the only visible land."

This finding challenges previous theories about the origin of Earth's water, which often attributed it to cometary impacts during the planet's early history. The new evidence suggests a more complex interplay between the planet's interior and surface, with water potentially cycling between these realms over geological timescales.

To better understand the global implications of this discovery, researchers plan to gather additional seismic data from around the world. Their goal is to determine whether mantle melting is a common phenomenon or unique to certain regions. The results could provide invaluable insights into Earth's water cycle and its long-term stability.

As scientists continue to probe the depths of our planet, more revelations about Earth's complex systems are likely to emerge. The discovery of this enormous underground ocean not only reshapes our understanding of the planet's water cycle but also opens up new questions about the potential for life in extreme environments and the long-term sustainability of Earth's ecosystems.

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Can a Greenhouse with a Robotic Arm Feed the Next Lunar Astronauts?

Can a Greenhouse with a Robotic Arm Feed the Next Lunar Astronauts?

Continuous human habitation of the Moon is the state aim of many major space-faring nations in the coming decades. Reaching that aim requires many tasks, but one of the most fundamental is feeding those humans. Shipping food consistently from Earth will likely be prohibitively expensive shortly, so DLR, Germany’s space agency, is working on an alternative. This semi-autonomous greenhouse can be used to at least partially feed the astronauts in residence on the Moon. To support that goal, a team of researchers from DLR released a paper about EVE, a robotic arm intended to help automate the operations of the first lunar greenhouse, at the IEEE Aerospace conference in March.

The EDEN Versatile End-effector (or EVE) is only possibly named as an homage to the life-seeking robot from WALL-E. But it is designed to interface with the EDEN LUNA greenhouse, a project at DLR meant to result in a fully functional greenhouse for use on the lunar surface. The advantages of such a greenhouse have been discussed in other articles, but needless to say, the EDEN LUNA is the best-supported project that will likely result in a fully functional system on the Moon when the time is right.

But as any gardener would tell you, greenhouses are a lot of work. And any time an astronaut spends on greenhouse maintenance is time they can’t spend doing other tasks, like scientific research. So, it would be extremely beneficial if there was a robot to assist with greenhouse operations, even if that robot had to be remotely controlled by an operator back on Earth.

Fraser discusses how to grow crops on the Moon.

Enter EVE, which consists of three main components. The transport rails allow the robot to move to the correct location in the greenhouse. Its robotic “arm” enables the robot to position itself effectively to complete its assigned task, and the end effector can push, pull, pick up, or perform other manual tasks. The system uses about 700W and weighs about 170 kg fully installed.

First, let’s look at the transport trails. It’s actually an off-the-shelf commercial system for use in industrial automation. The eXtended Transport System, made by Beckhoff, an industrial automation company, can be mounted in different configurations. It allows whatever is attached to it to be driven to various locations based on a series of signals that control the “mover” to which the robotic arm would be connected.

The robotic arm is based on DLR’s “This Is Not an Arm” (TINA) project. It has seven degrees of freedom, which allows for precise positioning of its end effector. Each of its three joints has around three electronic controllers for motor control, power management, and communication. It’s supported by a camera system that senses its surroundings and allows remote operators to tell where the end effector is positioned.

Isaac Arthur discusses how the Moon could support a biosphere.
Credit – Isaac Arthur YouTube Channel

The Compliant Low-Cost Antagonistic Servo Hand (CLASH) is the end effector. It has two “fingers” and a “thumb” to grip soft objects using force feedback sensors in its fingertips. It can also sense pressure from other components, such as the hand’s “tendons” and thumb and figure position.

These positioning and end-effector systems can work effectively together to perform the greenhouse’s daily maintenance tasks. For now, at least, it will require a skilled operator to do so, but that operator doesn’t have to be co-located with the greenhouse on the Moon – it could be back on Earth or even on the Lunar Gateway station orbiting above the lunar surface. Continuous operation is essential, though, as the first stages of the permanent occupation of the Moon involve temporary stays, where there will be long stretches with no human inhabitants.

DLR is fully backing the development of the EDEN LUNA greenhouse and the EVE robotic arm. Later this year, EVE will be fully integrated into the greenhouse at the Institute of Space Systems in Bremen, followed by a specially designed facility for the greater LUNA project of ESA/DLR in Cologne. As of now, both EVE and EDEN LUNA seem on track to be put through their paces before officially supporting the continual human occupation of the Moon within the next decade.

Learn More:

Lead Image:

  • Greenhouse concept art on the Moon.
    Credit – DLR

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Mars has an Amazing Variety of Clouds

Lee waves: Lee waves are a special type of cloud created by the wind encountering obstacles and build up on the ‘leeward‘ or downwind side. The geometries of the lee waves depend on the shape of the obstacles. Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin.

Mars has an Amazing Variety of Clouds

Mars has always held a special place in our hearts, likely from hints over the decades of perhaps finding signs of life, albeit fossilised and primitive. It’s been the subject of study from telescopes and space missions alike, most notably ESA’s Mars Express which has been observing the red planet for 20 years. Over the two decades of observation it has studied an amazing variety of atmospheric phenomenon which have now been catalogued in a new ‘Cloud Atlas.’ Many will be familiar to sky watchers on Earth but some are very different. 

The atmosphere of the red planet is thin and mostly composed of carbon dioxide. There are traces of nitrogen and argon but with an atmospheric pressure of just 1% of the Earth’s it’s inhospitable for human life. The rarefied atmosphere provides insufficient insulation to the surface leading to aggressive temperature fluctuations from -125°C on night time side to 20°C during the day. It’s not unusual for dust storms to whip up in the atmosphere sometimes encircling the entire planet. It’s in this atmosphere that a multitude of cloud features have been observed. 

Mars, Credit NASA

Over the last 20 years, Mars Express has been studying the cloud formations in the Martian atmosphere. It was launched in June 2003 to study Mars remotely from an orbit around the red planet. Mars Express was not only studying atmospheric phenomenon but also the surface, subsurface and geological history. With a suite of scientific instruments from high resolution cameras and radar to spectrometers and atmospheric sensors, Mars Express is well equipped for the task. 

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Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC): This elongated cloud has formed as a result of wind encountering the Arsia Mons mountains. It forms almost every day during a specific season, from early morning until noon. 

(Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/A. Cowart)

Using the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HSRC) on board Mars Express, images of a multitude of clouds have been captured. The clouds are usually the result of microscopic dust particles in the atmosphere around which, water and carbon dioxide crystals form. The dust particles themselves can be left hanging in the atmosphere following unusually strong winds that lift large quantities of dust into the atmosphere. They are occasionally seen as large beige coloured clouds. In the north polar regions it’s possible to see giant spiral dust storms as cyclonic storm systems develop. They are one of the drivers of the global weather systems seen on Mars and studying them is crucial to understanding the dynamics of the atmosphere. 

In January 2024, DLR’s HRSC on board ESA’s Mars Express spacecraft captured the Caralis Chaos region, which has several interesting and sometimes puzzling landscape features – such as a field of small, light-coloured hills to the northeast (bottom-right of the image). The mounds are located in the remains of a depression that was once filled by a lake. Image Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

So called ‘gravity waves’ are a common sight on Mars as they are on Earth. Somewhat resembling rolling hills or the rippling of water, they are usually seen in the mid-latitudes in the colder winter months. A particular type of these gravity waves, known as Lee waves, can build up on the downwind side of mountains and ridges. The presence of the mountain or other large obstacle disturbs the laminar flow of air to generate the effect.

wispy clouds float above a reddish-orange planet

Seemingly parallel white lines are Martian clouds sculpted by gravity waves, while the splotches of brown are wind-lifted dust clouds left wafting in the air due to seasonally sharp differences in temperatures and pressures. 

(Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin)

wispy clouds float above a reddish-orange planet

An example of cloud streets over Vastitas Borealis, a large area near the North Pole mostly devoid of craters

(Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin/A. Cowart)

Lee waves are a special type of cloud created by the wind encountering obstacles and build up on the ‘leeward‘ or downwind side. The geometries of the lee waves depend on the shape of the obstacles.

(Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin)

The study has led to a Martian cloud spotters dream, the publication of a fully browsable 20-years of cloud images and data. It was created by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) in Berlin and is proving invaluable helping researchers to gain a better understanding of the Martian atmosphere. In particular how the different dynamical processes can lead to the clouds seen. The ‘Atlas’ which is available to the public here has been presented at the Europlanet Science Congress in Berlin by Daniela Tirsch form DLR.

Source : 


10 Martian Atmosphere Facts | Atmosphere Of Mars vs Earth [Mars Atmosphere Update]

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The Giants and their Connections to Aliens, Lost Civilizations, and the Gods of Antiquity!

The Giants and their Connections to Aliens, Lost Civilizations, and the Gods of Antiquity!

The Giants and their Connections to Aliens, Lost Civilizations, and the Gods of Antiquity!

Did giants once exist and walk the Earth, perhaps even alongside human beings? That question, at least to some, is so preposterous that it is often dismissed without contemplation. The fact is, though, that there are more reasons to suspect that giants once existed than many people might think. Not only are there numerous writings of giants in ancient texts, but multiple discoveries of giant skeletal remains have been made dating from our contemporary era right the way back to the mid-nineteenth century and before even that. 

Indeed, before we delve into just some of the alleged discoveries of giant remains, it is worth our time to briefly examine several intriguing footprints discovered around the world that would also suggest the existence of giants in ancient times. In South Africa, for example, there is a footprint that measures no less than four feet long. Discovered in the small town of Mpaluzi, the footprint is referred to as “Goliath’s footprint” and is estimated to be approximately three billion years old. What’s more, rather than being some kind of carved depiction of a human footprint, the dimensions are precise and accurate to that of a human foot, including how weight distribution would make it appear in the impression. Similar discoveries were reported in two separate articles in San Jose newspapers – the first, a five-foot indention discovered in 1925, and the second discovered the following year in 1926 measuring eight feet. 

We might ask ourselves, then, if giants did exist in ancient times – who would appear to be, essentially human, and who perhaps lived billions of years ago – could “normal” sized humans have existed during this time also? With this question in mind, it is worth looking at the discovery of a standard-sized pair of footprints from 1976 in Tanzania by Mary Leaky. The footprints were fossilized into rock – rock that was estimated to be over 3 billion years old. Indeed, if Leaky’s research is accurate – and there is no reason to suspect it isn’t – the implications for human history are mind-shattering. 

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While there are many discoveries and legends of giants from around the world, there are some basic details of these apparent oversized humans that are the same. They are often described, for example, as being in excess of 10 feet tall and often sporting long red hair. Even more remarkable, not to mention unsettling, many are said to have had two rows of teeth on the top and bottom of their jaw. 

As we shall see as we move on, there are many apparent connections between alleged giant discoveries and the world of ancient Egypt. So, it is also interesting to note further connections between red-haired people and the ancient Egyptians, themselves described as being large in stature. Might we find that these large red-haired people heavily hinted at in ancient Egypt are, in fact, the same as those spoken of in legends of giants around the world? And if so, is this further proof of the one-time existence of giants? We will return to this notion shortly.

Before we delve into some of those historic discoveries, it is perhaps best to examine one of the most recent. Known as the Dragon Man Skull, this completely intact cranium was originally discovered in the 1930s in Harbin, China, following the Japanese invasion of the country. It was seemingly hidden down a well by the person who discovered it, where it remained for several decades. Then, at some point in 2018, the cranial remains were discovered after the person who hid them confided in his family of their whereabouts before his death. Studies of this huge skull have made scientists offer that this could be evidence of a new human species that has been dubbed Homo longi. What’s more, it is thought that this skull dates back almost 150,000 years and that it contains a mixture of both ancient and modern anatomical features, making it truly unique. A paleoanthropologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xijun Ni, offered that it is “not just one feature that distinguishes this from all the others, it’s a kind of combination!”

It is also interesting to note that the dimensions of the skull are decidedly longer than a human skull. Very similar cranial dimensions are often seen in ancient Egyptian artwork, perhaps specifically depictions of Akhenaten, whose head was shown to stretch back in a similar way. When we consider some of the suggestions that this controversial Egyptian Pharaoh could have been extraterrestrial – at least in part – then the Dragon Man Skull is all the more intriguing. 

It is further interesting that some researchers have suggested that the Dragon Man Skull may be connected to the Denisovans (another mysterious species of human closely linked to Neanderthals). Indeed, the Denisovans are an intriguing species and one that continues to be studied still today. As we might imagine, there are many conflicting theories regarding the Denisovans, with some insisting that there is a connection between this intriguing human species and the ancient Egyptian civilization, or at the very least the knowledge the ancient Egyptians utilized. As we shall see as we progress through our exploration of apparent giant remains, the ancient Egyptian civilization comes up a lot. 

Without a doubt, some of the most interesting accounts of giants and discoveries thereof come from North America, specifically the United States. In the late-nineteenth century, for example, according to an article in the April 9th, 1885, edition of the New York Times newspaper, a “buried city” that contained the remains of several giant skeletons were discovered in Moberly, Missouri. The article detailed that a group of coal miners were “sinking a shaft” when the ground gave way, and they found themselves looking at a previously undiscovered cavern. Furthermore, according to details given to the newspaper by the miners, this cavern was “looming over the street of an ancient city” that was “regularly laid out and enclosed by walls of stone” and contained a “good although rude style of masonry”. 

Following the discovery, several of the miners, along with two representatives of the city, ventured into the underground cavern. Among other things, they discovered a gigantic hall that measured around 30 feet by 100 feet. Moreover, this huge room contained equally huge tools and stone benches, as well as a stone fountain that still “produced perfectly pure water”. Even more intriguing was the discovery of “statues and images made of a composition closely resembling bronze”. 

The most remarkable discovery, however, was that of partial skeletal remains of what appeared to be a giant. Part of these remains was a human leg that measured around four and a half feet. Based on this, those investigating the remains estimated the leg belonged to a person who must have been between 10 to 12 feet in height. Even stranger, and perhaps a little morose, was the discovery of an equally giant skull that appeared to have been “shattered”, as well as several oversized knives and saws around it, perhaps suggesting the hall was used for some kind of rituals.  

In total, investigators spent around 12 hours in the subterranean domain, only leaving when their lamps ran out of oil. According to newspaper reports at the time, a second, more extensive search was planned but it never took place, at least officially. Whether a second search took place in secret or whether the discovery was suppressed and then forgotten about remains open to debate. There are plenty of theories that have been put forward since, though. Some people offer that while the discovery of the underground cavern might have been true, the details of an underground city and giant remains could have been exaggerated, or even outright manufactured for no other reason than to “sell newspapers”. Of course, those who are insistent that such discoveries have been suppressed would offer that these explanations of exaggeration are themselves part of the suppression. 

Several years later, at Lake Delevan in Wisconsin, two brothers discovered the remains of no less than eighteen giant skeletons. What is interesting, it is said that the remains, while human, had monkey-like features, similar, perhaps, to the appearance of the Dragon Man Skull that was discovered over a hundred years later that we examined earlier. The brothers made the discovery while investigating burial mounds in the area. It was their conclusion that they had discovered the remains of a previously unknown race of ancient people who likely resided in the Lake Delevan area thousands of years ago. 

skeleton.jpg

What makes the discovery of the two brothers even more interesting are subsequent discoveries only several years later in the Wisconsin area. In Aztalan in 1891, for example, similar gigantic remains were unearthed, while in Maple Creek in 1897, a nine-foot skeleton was discovered. Interestingly or not, all of these remains – which were put into the care of the Smithsonian Institute (who will come up repeatedly as we go) – are currently missing, with some researchers putting forward that they have been taken and hidden by an unknown authority. 

Of all the remains of giants throughout the North American continent, those discovered in the Grand Canyon are without a doubt one of the most thought-provoking. In 1909 celebrated explorer, G.E. Kincaid embarked on what would become one of his most enthralling expeditions on record to the Grand Canyon region. He was, officially at least, sent there by the Smithsonian Institution to conduct geological surveys as well as document and record the natural features of the canyon. He would, though, find much more than anyone bargained for. 

Details of his adventures were documented in various articles in the Arizona Gazette newspaper, one of which told of his alleged discovery of a cave entrance at the edge of the Colorado River. Intrigued, he and his team ventured inside. As he made his way deep into the cave – estimating that it stretched at least a mile – he noticed that the entrance and tunnel that led from it appeared to be manmade. He recalled seeing, for example, evidence of chisel marks on the roof and walls of the tunnel. After he had walked around 100 feet, he witnessed something much grander. 

He marveled as he found himself in a “grand hall” with a roof that he estimated was around 700 feet high. Inside this grand hall was a multitude of relics, statues, and other apparent treasures. Perhaps most notable of these discoveries was a huge statue of a figure who was in a cross-legged sitting position and holding a lotus flower in each hand. To Kincaid, this was clearly some kind of deity that was likely worshipped by whichever civilization had once called the region home. And he suspected that civilization went back thousands of years. 

As he studied the grand hall further, he discovered numerous pieces of pottery, vases, and goblets. Despite this wealth of discoveries, Kincaid later offered that he felt, at one time, there was much more inside the cave, although he didn’t offer what he thought might have happened to these items or where they had gone. One other thing he did note was the distinct lack of any kind of clothing or material in the hall, something that he found quite odd given the many other items. 

By the time he and his team had extensively explored the underground labyrinth, he had concluded that the subterranean domain could have easily housed upwards of 50,000 people. There was, though, one chamber that was distinctly different from the others, not least as this was the only chamber not to have any type of ventilation. The team approached this room cautiously, noticing that it had a “noxious, serpent-like odor” coming from inside. When they realized their lanterns were not powerful enough to penetrate the darkness and reveal to them what was inside the chamber, they decided to back away from the ominous room. It remains unknown if there was anything insidious inside the dark room, with the team agreeing to leave it unexplored. There were, though, more fascinating discoveries to come. 

As the team made their way through chamber after chamber they came across all manner of relics and riches – such things as statues, urns, and intricate plates. Moreover, many of these items bore hieroglyphic-type symbols on them, very similar to those found in ancient Egypt. In fact, as well as finding these symbols on relics and statues, they were also discovered etched into the tunnel walls and above carved-out doorways. Although these symbols appeared very similar to those of ancient Egyptian culture, they have not been translated and appear to be a different (if similar) dialect. It is also worth noting that very similar symbols have been discovered in Southern Arizona, not far from the cave discovered by Kinkaid, further suggesting that an ancient civilization once resided in the western part of the modern United States. 

Kinkaid’s team also discovered a separate chamber, seemingly isolated from the rest at the end of a complex tunnel system. This chamber exhibited clear signs of advanced planning, engineering, and execution, and was filled with intricately carved statues, various tools, as well as weapons such as spears and swords. And these weapons were particularly large. What Kinkaid discovered next offered an explanation for this.

In one particular chamber, Kinkaid discovered several mummies – each of which was remarkably well preserved. Once more, these mummies were almost identical to ancient Egyptian mummies, although instead of being wrapped in white linen, these remains were enveloped in some kind of black material. Most significant of all, though, was the fact that these remains were approximately nine feet tall – they were, essentially, giants. 

Although unsubstantiated, rumors also swirled in the years following Kinkaid’s discoveries that an Egyptian-style boat was found in one of the chambers. If this was true, then, once again, it might suggest the possibility of some kind of connection between this unknown civilization of giants and ancient Egypt. 

Is it possible that this ancient civilization somehow interacted with the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt? Or might this civilization be evidence that the ancient Egyptians – at least some of them – traveled to the United States thousands of years ago and established a colony of sorts there? While this is speculation, it is certainly an intriguing thought.

There have also been suggestions that Kinkaid perhaps discovered the remains of ancient Atlanteans. It is worth noting here that some researchers into the mysteries of Atlantis suspect they birthed the ancient Egyptian civilization following the event that, ultimately, brought their civilization to an abrupt end. If there is any truth in these assertions, might that explain why Kinkaid’s discoveries were discredited and suppressed? It also perhaps should not surprise us too much that many in the mainstream dismiss these discoveries – if indeed they were made, they say – as nothing but coincidence or, even more dismissive, as something misinterpreted. What makes these discoveries even more intriguing is the fact that, according to Kinkaid, the entrance to the cave was eventually sealed shut by a mysterious group of individuals who, while not identifying themselves, claimed to be working for the United States government. No explanation has been offered as to why the entrance was so discreetly sealed shut, and as such, the exact location of the cave in question remains a mystery. 

It is also important to remember that Kinkaid was a respected scholar in his field, working closely with the Smithsonian Institute rather than some kind of “rogue archaeologist. In short, he was a credible individual who had no reason to fabricate or even make up his discoveries. With this in mind, we might ask why Kinkaid would have reported such discoveries and risk ruining his reputation unless they were undoubtedly true. It is also a little bit of a stretch that someone with his experience and skill would have misidentified his discoveries. Indeed, if there is any truth to Kinkaid’s claims – if only in part – then it would be history changing for all of humanity. 

As we might imagine, in the decades that have followed Kinkaid’s alleged discoveries, there have been numerous theories and suggestions offered to explain the underground city, as well as the apparent giants that existed there. Could it be possible, for example, that the North American continent may have been the “land of the Gods” spoken of in many ancient writings? Could they not only have been the gods of ancient Egypt but the “Gods” of a one-time global civilization, perhaps those of Atlantis or Mu? If they were connected to ancient Egypt or any other ancient civilization, perhaps they ran their global empire from the North American continent, only traveling to such locations as Egypt, Mesopotamia, and even ancient Greece periodically? 

It is important to note that this is just speculation, although there are many clues to suggest this certainly could have been the case. If we consider ancient Egyptian legends and culture, for example, there was a time called Zep Tepi when the “Gods” walked the earth alongside humans. Could the discovery by Kinkaid in the Grand Canyon be proof that this time was more than just myth or legend? We might remind ourselves also of the legends of the Anunnaki – who many people suggest are the ancient Gods of multiple civilizations of the ancient world. They were often described as “towering over human beings” and being large in stature.  

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Ultimately, only further study of the alleged subterranean city will provide answers to these questions, as well as authenticating Kinkaid’s discoveries. We might ask if there was nothing at all to them why the cave wouldn’t be open to the public today so they can see for themselves there was nothing of intrigue there. 

If we stick with the world of the ancient Egyptians for a moment, a discovery in the late 1980s is worth examining briefly here. According to the account, Gregor Sporri claimed to have come into possession of a giant mummified finger, said by some to be a finger of a one-time ancient Egyptian pharaoh in 1988. He claimed he discovered the finger while on a trip to Egypt courtesy of a salesman who claimed that his family had come into possession of the finger at some time in the 1960s, adding that his family had a “long history” of grave robbing. Measuring around 15 feet long, images of this oversized digit began to appear online around 2012, and have been a cause of controversy as to its authenticity. The fact that the whereabouts of this mysterious digit are currently unknown only adds to this controversy. It is perhaps also worth keeping in mind some of the artwork on the temple walls of ancient Egypt – artwork that depicts what are essentially “giants” walking among the ancient Egyptian population. Once more, we might ask if these giants were actually the gods of ancient times. 

If we return to the United States, two years after Kinkaid’s alleged discovery in the cave off the Colorado River, in 1911, another discovery of gigantic remains was made in Lovelock Cave in Lovelock, Nevada. This cave system – sometimes called Horseshoe Cave or Sunset Guano Cave – is widely agreed to be the oldest cave system in North America, dating back thousands of years, certainly long before officially recognized human existence on the continent. 

The discovery was made by two miners – David Hart and James Pugh – who were searching for guano to be used in gunpowder. Not only did they discover giant handprints on the cave wall, but they also unearthed several giant sandal-like shoes. Without a doubt, though, the most remarkable discovery was the several 10-foot-tall mummies (similar, we might recall, to the mummies discovered by Kinkaid). Realizing they had found something truly momentous, but also realizing they were in a little over their heads, they sought the assistance of Alfred Kroeber of the University of California. Between 1912 and 1929, several significant digs took place at the cave – and several more fascinating discoveries were unearthed. 

One of the most mind-blowing of these discoveries was that of a “donut-shaped stone” that had 365 equally spaced and clearly purposeful notches carved into the outside of it, as well as 52 other evenly spaced notches on the inside. Clearly this would indicate the stone was some kind of calendar device, which would, once more, suggest the existence of an ancient, advanced civilization. Even more remarkable, when carbon dating tests were carried out, it was determined that whoever had resided in Lovelock cave had done so from around 1500 BC, and quite possibly still inhabited it as late as the 1500s. It is further interesting to note the legends of the Native American tribe The Paiutes, who have called the region home for thousands of years. One specific legend (although the tribe themselves insist it is a historical fact) is that the cave systems in the region were once home to the Si-Te-Cha – “red-haired, white-skinned giants”. Incidentally, this description of giants – pale skin and red hair – as we noted earlier, can be found all over the planet. 

Two years after the final dig at Lovelock cave, yet another discovery of giant remains took place in Death Valley in California, although the public was not made aware of the remarkable discoveries until almost a decade later when Howard Hill relayed details of the events during a talk he gave at the Transportation Club in Los Angeles. 

Hill offered that the discovery was made in 1931 by Bruce Russell, a retired physician from Ohio. Russell, along with a friend, Dr. Daniel Bovee, were exploring the Death Valley region when they happened upon the cave by chance. They found themselves in an intricate tunnel system – one clearly not naturally formed. However, it was the discovery of several nine-foot skeletons that was of most interest to the men. These skeletons were not only remarkably well preserved but also were clothed in “trousers extending just below the knee” as well as clothing that resembled some kind of jacket that was made of material similar to wool or sheepskin. There were, though, further thought-provoking discoveries the pair would make. 

They would find, for example, a huge ritual hall that appeared to have Masonic symbols on the walls. They also discovered skeletal remains of several animals – including several with saber-like teeth - suggesting that the hall had been used for some kind of ritual and that it dated back a significant amount of time. Although he didn’t detail the workings out of his reckoning, Russell offered that it was his belief that the cave system and the remains discovered in it likely dated back around 80,000 years. 

Just to demonstrate how intricate this cave system actually was, Russel and Bovee documented over 30 separate tunnels across 180 square miles. After speaking of the alleged discovery, it was Hill’s hope that other explorers and archaeologists would carry on Russell and Bovee’s work and attempt to relocate the ancient underground network. However, to the best of anyone’s knowledge, it appears no such expeditions have taken place, at least officially. 

It certainly isn’t just America where giant remains have been unearthed. A particularly intriguing discovery occurred in Ecuador in 1964. Several villagers discovered giant skeletal remains and immediately notified their local priest, Father Carlos Vaca. He returned to the location with the villagers to see the remains for himself, taking as many of the bones as he could back to his house where he placed them in storage. They remained there for several years until his death, as well as for several years after. Then, an Austrian researcher, Klaus Dona, entered the picture.

He had been told of the discovery in Ecuador and sought permission from the family to take the remains so that he could display them. The family agreed to this, and Dona took possession of the bones. He would have the bones tested and analyzed. According to the results of these tests, the bones were indeed human – and what’s more, based on their dimensions, the person they belonged to would have been a remarkable 25 feet tall. Even more amazing, tests suggested that the bones were at least 10,000 years old. When Dona learned of local legends of the region that offered the place where the bones had been discovered had long been known as the “cemetery of the giants” he was all but convinced that they were genuine remains of giant human beings. 

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Much more recently, in 2015, in the Caucasus Mountains in Georgia, a local man claimed to have accidentally discovered giant skeletal remains inside some kind of ancient crypt. Furthermore, he had discovered the remains in a distinct and purposeful sitting position at a large table. He immediately contacted local researchers before leading them to the location. However, by the time they arrived, the crypt appeared to have suddenly collapsed in on itself. The bones, however, were exactly where the local man had said they would be, and they were able to retrieve them. There was, though, a further twist in the tale. When the bones were passed to Professor Vekua for analysis, he died while in possession of them. Their current whereabouts are unknown. Make of all that what you will. 

Around the same time, a similar discovery of giant remains occurred in Bulgaria near the town of Varna. What is most interesting about this discovery, however, especially given how we have contemplated if these giant remains from around the world have some kind of connection to the Gods of antiquity, is that this location was once the ancient Greek city of Odessos – and the ancient Greek civilization is another one that is rife with tales and accounts of giants.

One place where there have been multiple discoveries of giant remains, as well as a place that contains many legends of giants, is Kyrgyzstan. What makes these legends even more interesting is that many of them speak of these strange creatures still having a presence in the region today. One person who has conducted extensive region into these legends is researcher and author, Paul Stonehill. In an article in Fate Magazine titled Mysterious Giants Inhabit Eurasion Lakes deep in the northern Tian Shan Mountains in modern-day Kyrgyzstan, he detailed the discovery of three 10-foot-tall skeletons in the 1930s. 

Stonehill offered that the discovery was made in a cave near the Issyk Kul Lake by several local men. One of the first things the men noticed was each of the skeletons had some kind of silver decorations around their neck that looked similar to a bat. As fascinated as they were with the skeletal remains, the men ensured they removed the silver decorations, eventually melting them down. They did, however, retain a small piece which they passed to Soviet authorities for examination. Ultimately, they were unable to determine how old the items were.  

When Stonehill researched the region, he discovered that local legends suggested that a “submerged city” existed near the caves where the discovery had been made. Furthermore, the area had a long history of paranormal activity, some of which occurred in the early twentieth century and is well documented. According to the account, at some point in the early 1900s in what is modern-day Georgia, a group of young boys discovered a strange cave while swimming in the region. Curiosity got the better of them and they ventured inside the cave to take a closer look. Once inside, they discovered several huge skeletons measuring at least 10 feet in height. Of course, this raises the question of whether these skeletal remains were the same species as those discovered in the 1930s. 

Another thought-provoking encounter was detailed in Issue Four, the 1992 edition of the Russian paranormal magazine ANOMALIYA. The article in question was written by Mark Shteynberg, who, according to the previously mentioned Paul Stonehill, was a “Soviet veteran of the Afghan War” and an “expert on Russia’s military who now resides in the United States”. It details an encounter that took place in the summer of 1982 during the conflict with Afghanistan. Shteynberg stated that he and Lieutenant Colonel Gennady Zverev were running training exercises near Lake Baikal when a superior officer – Major-General V. Demyanko – arrived at the lake unexpectedly. 

He briefed the officers that divers had encountered strange humanoid beings deep under the waters of Lake Baikal – and what’s more, these humanoids were an astonishing 10 feet tall. Even stranger, although the waters were icy cold, these humanoids wore only thin, skintight suits, and some kind of spherical helmet. The divers were ordered to attempt to apprehend one of these humanoids – a decision that would prove fatal for some of them. As the divers approached, the humanoids used some kind of sonar weapon that forced the divers to the surface of the water. While some of the divers were extremely sick following this, three of them died. According to the research of Mikhail Demidenko, several fishermen – who he spoke to several years later – claimed to have seen the military divers “propelled out from the lake” up to 50 feet into the air. 

This account is a particularly interesting one in that many researchers have put forward that these humanoids might not have merely been giants – but perhaps extraterrestrial giants. Indeed, the descriptions of them (light skin and large eyes) are seemingly more akin to extraterrestrials than giant humans. With this in mind, it is perhaps also interesting to note that, according to Stonehill, Soviet authorities had identified several other lakes and bodies of water where reports of these aquatic humanoids had been made, with several of those locations also having reports of “huge discs and sphere-shaped objects” hovering over or near the water. 

It is further worth our time to examine an encounter that occurred around the same time as the Lake Baikal incident. The account comes to us from the files of Mikhail Gerhteyn and details a UFO sighting on May 26th, 1982, in the Voronezh region. Although it isn’t clear if it was sent to pursue the UFO, on the same day, a MIG fighter jet disappeared in the same area. The following day, a search for the plane and the pilot was put into action. Ultimately, the search team would find no sign of the pilot or any wreckage of the plane. They did, though, witness something truly bizarre. 

The unit eventually came to a clearing after walking through the thick woodland of the region. There in front of them, was a 10-foot-tall humanoid creature dressed in a tight-fitting silver suit. A moment or two after they had spotted the creature it appeared to notice their presence, and quickly disappeared into the trees on the other side of the clearing. Only moments later, the search team heard an explosive sound followed by a bright flash of light coming from the woods in the direction the creature had disappeared. Then, a “luminescent object” rose into the air over the trees before vanishing into the distance with great speed. 

As we can see, then, claims of giants once walking the earth are not as far-fetched as some people might have you believe. And what’s more, there is ample reason to believe that at least some of these oversized humanoid creatures still roam the planet today. It is further important to remember that we have only detailed a small number of reports of oversized remains and encounters with giants. There are many, many more from around the world – so many, in fact, that it would be bordering on irresponsible to dismiss all of these as nothing but fantasy.

With all of this in mind, we might ask, if we assume for a moment that giants do (or at least did) exist, are they indigenous to Earth or do they have a more otherworldly origin? Do the gigantic remains that have been discovered have a connection to the Anunnaki, for example – ancient extraterrestrial visitors who possibly interbred with ancient humans and ruled over them as the Gods of antiquity? There are many accounts of interactions with apparent alien entities from our contemporary era that tell of these creatures being more than 10 feet tall. Once more, does this suggest some kind of link between these earthly giants and extraterrestrial visitors from elsewhere? 

It is perhaps also interesting that many of these remains have been discovered in ancient caves with intricate tunnel networks. If we briefly turn our attention to legends from antiquity – particularly many of the Native American legends where many of these remains have been discovered – many of them speak of a race of giant “star people” who used these underground territories to escape various cataclysmic disasters. Furthermore, they also used these subterranean domains to house human beings from these sudden disasters. If this is true, it not only suggests that giants did exist in the distant past, but that they lived alongside human beings. This, of course, would suggest that human civilization dates back much further than mainstream history currently states it does, perhaps by hundreds of thousands of years – perhaps even as far back as billions of years ago.

Perhaps above all else, what should we make of the apparent significant efforts to cover up and suppress these findings? What might the reason be for such suppression? Clearly, it would force a significant rewrite of human history, but could it be more than that? Could it be that further study of these giant remains would reveal not only the reality of giants but also extraterrestrial intervention in human affairs thousands of years ago? Indeed, if we accept for a moment, as some researchers assert, that this extraterrestrial presence still rules over humanity from the shadows, might it be they themselves who are behind this suppression? And where might these remains be today? Have they been destroyed and so lost forever? Or might they be secure, deep inside a vast vault at an undisclosed location? 

Ultimately, despite the many discoveries and apparent abundance of evidence to suggest that giants did once exist on the planet, we are left with many more questions than answers. Only further study will move us closer to the truth of these remains, as well as our own collective history. Indeed, if we can get to the heart of the truth regarding giants and whether they did once have a presence here on Earth – a presence they perhaps maintain even today – then it would be reality-shattering for each and every one of us. 

VIDEOS


A Race of Giants: Our Forbidden History

Alien Worlds - Giants & Hybrids (Full Documentary)

This Is Why Everyone Is Googling "The Nephilim"

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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Flying saucers, little green men…? Americans are divided over alien life

Flying saucers, little green men…? Americans are divided over alien life

A recent UFO ‘sighting’ in Montana sparks rendered debate over the existence of extraterrestrial lifeforms ahead of a new Congressional hearing.

Berra InceBerra Ince

In 2023, alleged

Reuters

In 2023, alleged "non-human" bodies were presented at a congressional hearing on extraterrestrial sightings by journalist Jaime Maussan in Mexico.

Photo: Reuters

On the night of August 31, at exactly 10.13, an American couple caught sight of a mysterious, shining object in the night sky above Montana, US.

“Is that a shooting star?” one of them exclaimed.

However, when they moved to get a clearer view, both were astonished by the ‘jaw-dropping’ sight of an enormous craft with blinking lights and an orange-red glow swirling at its base.

This extraordinary Reddit entry post from two weeks ago – describing what is known as ‘close encounters of the third kind’ from the eponymous Hollywood hit – adds to a growing list of UFO sightings reported in the US ahead of a congressional hearing on what is officially called ‘unexplained aerial phenomena’.

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Others

The reddit user said the shockingly close encounter with what he believed to be a UFO left his wife "shaking and crying from the experience".

Photo: Screengrab from Reddit entry

According to media reports, the hearing is expected to take place in the coming weeks.

The incident detailed in the post occurred in Choteau, a small and quiet city nestled in the heart of the US state of Montana —just 60 miles from a US Air Force nuclear weapons base.

In May, New York Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, who confirmed the upcoming hearing, had expressed concern about unidentified drones near military sites.

“It is deeply concerning that they are spyware by adversaries, and so we want to have more information on that,” Gillibrand said during an interview with the Ask a Pol podcast, where the point of discussion was on the implications of a declassified All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) report.

“We also want to try to continue to build credibility within this office (AARO) so more of the public can feed in sightings and have a place and a platform to send information and inquiries,” the New York Democrat was quoted as saying.

“Because that's eventually what this office is supposed to do.”

The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) was established in 2022 following a 2021 Pentagon report on unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), which documented 144 sightings, but could only explain one, attributing the lack of conclusions for the remaining 143 to insufficient data​.

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AARO’s aim has not only been to address security concerns arising from the frequent encounters between military facilities or aircraft and unidentified flying objects, but also to explore the possibility of extraterrestrial life.

Under the 2023 National Defense Authorization Act, the office was required to issue a report to Congress detailing the government's historical record relating to “unidentified anomalous phenomena” (UAP) since 1945.

It delivered the first of two volumes of that to Congress in March, which found “no evidence” linking sightings to aliens or extraterrestrial intelligence, instead attributing most incidents to “ordinary objects and phenomena” or cases of misidentification.

“AARO recognizes that many people sincerely hold versions of these beliefs which are based on their perception of past experiences, the experiences of others whom they trust, or media and online outlets they believe to be sources of credible and verifiable information,” the report said.

However, the AARO report has been a point of contention since its release, with critics arguing that it is riddled with numerous errors and omissions and fails to adequately address the historical and scientific aspects of UAP phenomena.

“While I appreciate AARO's efforts, their recent report lacks depth and transparency,” Dr. Beatriz Villarroel, an astronomer at the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics in Stockholm, tells TRT World.

“For example, their downplaying of the 1952 Washington D.C. UFO event was particularly notable”.

In July 1952, a series of unidentified flying object (UFO) sightings were reported over Washington D.C., in an event often called the “1952 Washington Flap.”

Following the reports, the US government scrambled fighter jets to intercept the objects, but the UFOs reportedly outmanoeuvred and outran the jets.

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Others 
Reports about UFOs over Washington DC made headlines in 1952. 
Photo: Air Staff, National Archives, Records of Headquarters US Air Force

Although the Air Force later attributed the sightings to possible radar glitches from temperature inversions, the incident, which prompted widespread public attention at the time, remains one of the most debated UFO cases in history.

Villarroel also pointed out a broader issue within the scientific community, saying that many journals remain reluctant to publish research on UFOs, with papers often being rejected outright before they even undergo peer review.

This lack of academic engagement, she believes, leads to “a gap in knowledge” where governments are expected to provide answers without proper scientific engagement.

Ever since the 2021 Pentagon report documented numerous sightings of UAP without ruling out extraterrestrial possibilities; more and more people have started to believe in the existence of UFOs, according to statistics.

In 2022, a YouGov poll indicated that the percentage of Americans who believe that UFOs are likely alien ships or life forms has increased from 20 percent in 1996 to 34 percent in 2022, a year after the Pentagon report was published.

A Gallup poll from 2021 also supports these findings, with figures indicating that over 40 percent of Americans believe alien spacecraft have visited Earth, up from 33 percent in 2019.

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'Oval-shaped' UFO spotted hovering over Mexico: 'Spectacular video'

Several residents of Mexico shared shocking video footage of a UFO seemingly hovering to the ground, drawing a mixed response.

Videos on social media captured what appeared to be an oval-sized object hovering over the western city of Zitácuaro on September 8.

The footage shows the UFO-like figure hovering near a tree while a second recording captured it slowly moving in front of the overcast skies.

The alleged flying saucer sightings were reported in the neighborhoods of El Naranjo and Manzanillos.

Residents in Mexico debated whether they had spotted a UFO in the western city of Zitácuaro last week. Some believe that it was just one of the many sky lanterns that are seen floating across the country

Residents in Mexico debated whether they had spotted a UFO in the western city of Zitácuaro last week. Some believe that it was just one of the many sky lanterns that are seen floating across the country

A flying object that reportedly resembled a UFO was spotted flying over El Naranjo and Manzanillos, two neighborhoods located in the western city of Zitácuaro

A flying object that reportedly resembled a UFO was spotted flying over El Naranjo and Manzanillos, two neighborhoods located in the western city of Zitácuaro

Following the videos, some users took to X, formerly Twitter, to share their belief that aliens had made their way to Mexico.

'That's that eye diamond UFO shape,' one person commented. '(Must) be some kind of organic ship.'

'Spectacular video, contact between humans and alien races is getting closer and closer,' another X user chimed in. 'Anyone who continues to believe that it is a balloon, a drone, a hologram or something else is either blind or does not want to see reality.'

However, others were quick to dispel the claims, pointing out that it was most likely just one of the many sky lanterns that float across the Mexican skies during the Globos de Cantoya festival. 

A large sky lantern floats towards a mountain outside of Paracho, a city in the western Mexican state of Michoacán, during the annual Globos de Cantoya festival

A large sky lantern floats towards a mountain outside of Paracho, a city in the western Mexican state of Michoacán, during the annual Globos de Cantoya festival

'It may have been a test of a hot air balloon, as these balloons are very common in central Mexico and from a distance they can be confused with other objects,' another user explained.

One X user questioned the quality of the video but conceded that life probably exists outside our solar system.

'So much technology, cell phones with too many mega pixels and images like that,' they said. 'I do believe that there is life on other planets, but some tests like this don't help much.'

Some found humor in the alleged UFO sighting.

'They went searching for atoles,' another X user said, referring to the traditional Mexican beverage that is made with water, masa (corn flour), piloncillo, (unrefined cane sugar), cinnamon and vanilla. 

'We will see more and more UFOs. And the government will make contact with them,' another person joked. 'We will obey in fear as always. But we will never see them.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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New Research Reveals How El Niño Caused the Greatest Ever Mass Extinction

New Research Reveals How El Nino Caused the Greatest Ever Mass Extinction

New Research Reveals How El Niño Caused the Greatest Ever Mass Extinction

Mega ocean warming El Niño events were key in driving the largest extinction of life on planet Earth some 252 million years ago, according to new research.

The study, published in  Science and co-led by the University of Bristol and China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), has shed new light on why the effects of rapid climate change in the Permian-Triassic warming were so devastating for all forms of life in the sea and on land.

Scientists have long linked this mass extinction to vast volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia. The resulting carbon dioxide emissions rapidly accelerated climate warming, resulting in widespread stagnation and the collapse of marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

But what caused life on land, including plants and usually resilient insects, to suffer just as badly has remained a source of mystery.

Co-lead author Dr Alexander Farnsworth, Senior Research Associate at the University of Bristol, said: “Climate warming alone cannot drive such devastating extinctions because, as we are seeing today, when the tropics become too hot, species migrate to the cooler, higher latitudes. Our research has revealed that increased greenhouse gases don’t just make the majority of the planet warmer, they also increase weather and climate variability making it even more ‘wild’ and difficult for life to survive.”

The Permian-Triassic catastrophe shows the problem of global warming is not just a matter of it becoming unbearably hot, but also a case of conditions swinging wildly over decades.

“Most life failed to adapt to these conditions, but thankfully a few things survived, without which we wouldn’t be here today. It was nearly, but not quite, the end of the life on Earth,” said co-lead author Professor Yadong Sun at China University of Geosciences, Wuhan .

Surface temperature (°C) of the warmest month during peak-warmth for the Permian-Triassic mass extinction 252 million years ago. (University of Bristol and China University of Geosciences (Wuhan))

The scale of Permian-Triassic warming was revealed by studying oxygen isotopes in the fossilized tooth material of tiny extinct swimming organisms called conodonts. By studying the temperature record of conodonts from around the world, the researchers were able to show a remarkable collapse of temperature gradients in the low and mid latitudes.

Dr Farnsworth, who used pioneering climate modelling to evaluate the findings, said:

“Essentially, it got too hot everywhere. The changes responsible for the climate patterns identified were profound because there were much more intense and prolonged El Niño events than witnessed today. Species were simply not equipped to adapt or evolve quickly enough.”

In recent years El Niño events have caused major changes in rainfall patterns and temperature. For example, the weather extremes that caused the June 2024 North American heatwave when temperatures were around 15°C hotter than normal. 2023-2024 was also one of the hottest years on record globally due to a strong El Niño in the Pacific, which was further exacerbated by increased human-induced CO 2 driving catastrophic drought and fires around the world.

“Fortunately such events so far have only lasted one to two years at a time. During the Permian-Triassic crisis, El Niño persisted for much longer resulting in a decade of widespread drought, followed by years of flooding. Basically, the climate was all over the place and that makes it very hard for any species to adapt,” co-author Paul Wignall, Professor of Paleoenvironments at the University of Leeds.

The results of the climate modelling also help explain the abundant charcoal found in rock layers of that age.

“Wildfires become very common if you have a drought-prone climate. Earth got stuck in a crisis state where the land was burning and the oceans stagnating. There was nowhere to hide,” added co-author Professor David Bond, a paleontologist at the University of Hull.

The researchers observed that throughout Earth’s history there have been many volcanic events similar to those in Siberia, and many caused extinctions, but none led to a crisis of the scale of the Permian-Triassic event.

They found Permian-Triassic extinction was so different because these Mega-El Niños created positive feedback on the climate which led to incredibly warm conditions starting in the tropics and then beyond, resulting in the dieback of vegetation. Plants are essential for removing CO 2 from the atmosphere, as well as the foundation of the food web, and if they die so does one of the Earth's mechanisms to stop CO 2 building up in the atmosphere as a result of continued volcanism.

This also helps explain the conundrum regarding the Permian-Triassic mass extinction whereby the extinction on land occurred tens of thousands of years before extinction in the oceans.

“Whilst the oceans were initially shielded from the temperature rises, the mega-El Nino’s caused temperatures on land to exceed most species thermal tolerances at rates so rapid that they could not adapt in time,” explained Dr Sun.

“Only species that could migrate quickly could survive, and there weren’t many plants or animals that could do that.”

Mass extinctions, although rare, are the heartbeat of the Earth’s natural system resetting life and evolution along different paths.

“The Permo-Triassic mass extinction, although devastating, would ultimately see the rise of Dinosaurs becoming the dominant species thereafter as would the Cretaceous mass extinction lead to the rise of mammals, and humans,” Dr Farnsworth concluded.

Top image: A geological field section reveals a desiccated (extreme dryness) land surface that was common all over the world 252 million years ago - a sign of our future to come.       Source: University of Bristol and China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/science }

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Mega El Niños may have played a part in the Permian mass extinction

Mega El Niños may have played a part in the Permian mass extinction

Story by Michael Le Page
Illustration of the end-Permian extinction event, when extreme temperatures may have killed off forests RICHARD JONES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Illustration of the end-Permian extinction event, when extreme temperatures may have killed off forests
RICHARD JONES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

The Great Dying at the end of the Permian Period 250 million years ago may have been amplified by El Niño events far stronger and longer lasting than any today.

These mega El Niños caused wild swings in the climate that killed off forests and many land animals, says Alexander Farnsworth at the University of Bristol in the UK.

What would Earth look like in 25 years? I asked the experts

They also triggered feedback processes that helped make this mass extinction as bad as it was, he says. “There are knock-on effects of this sort of El Niño event becoming stronger and lasting longer.”

Around 90 per cent of all species alive at the time may have gone extinct during the end-Permian extinction, making it the worst ever mass extinction. It is widely thought that it was triggered by massive volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia.

These eruptions released huge quantities of carbon dioxide – possibly by heating rocks full of fossil carbon – that led to extreme global warming. The ocean became stagnant and low in oxygen, killing off marine creatures.

But this doesn’t explain everything. In particular, land species started going extinct tens of thousands of years earlier than those in the sea.

Many ideas have been put forward to explain this, from volcanic winters to the loss of the ozone layer. The idea that extreme El Niños might be involved emerged from studies of past ocean temperatures, based on oxygen isotypes in fossils, led by Yadong Sun at the China University of Geosciences in Wuhan.

Now, Farnsworth and his colleagues have run computer models to explore what might have happened at end of the Permian that could explain Sun’s findings.

Today, El Niño occurs when warm water in the western Pacific spreads eastwards across the surface of the ocean. This creates an area of abnormally warm water that heats the atmosphere and affects weather across the planet. 

Before the Permian extinction began, the researchers found, El Niños were probably of a similar intensity and duration as today. That is, the anomalously warm water was about 0.5°C (0.9°F) hotter than average and the events lasted for a few months.

These events, however, were happening in a massive ocean called Panthalassa, which was 30 per cent wider at the equator than the Pacific Ocean is today. This means the area of anomalously warm water during El Niños was much larger than today, and thus had a bigger planetary impact.

As CO2 levels rose at the end of the Permian, these El Niño events got stronger and lasted longer, the team’s models suggest. They caused extreme swings in the weather on land that killed off forests, which stopped soaking up CO2 and started releasing it, leading to more warming and even more extreme El Niños.

In the sea, the temperature variations would have been less severe, and marine animals can more easily migrate to avoid them. This explains why marine extinctions happened later, when global warming got more intense. “The killer extreme global warming that was the cause of marine extinction was worse because of these El Niños taking away the carbon sink,” says Farnsworth.

By the peak of the extinction, the temperature anomaly during El Niños was up to 4°C (7.2°F), with each event lasting more than a decade, he says.

Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why

Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why
© Provided by New Scientist

Something strange is happening in the Pacific and we must find out why

Unexpectedly, the eastern Pacific Ocean is cooling. If this “cold tongue” continues, it could reduce greenhouse gas warming by 30 per cent – but also bring megadrought to the US

It isn't clear if something similar will happen in the future. Computer models vary in their forecasts of how El Niños will change as the planet warms, says Farnsworth. But they are already having a bigger impact because they are happening in a warmer world.

“The El Niño we just had was helping set record temperatures everywhere and leading to a huge amount of forest fires,” he says. “And the thing that disturbs me most is tentative signs during this El Niño of dieback in the Amazon.”

The study shows that under specific climate conditions, El Niño events can cause extinctions, says Pedro DiNezio at the University of Colorado, Boulder. But these mega El Niños couldn't occur today because the Pacific is smaller than Panthalassa, they say.

“These results are very exciting to understand the past, not so much the near future. To answer what El Niño will do, we need to look at intervals in the past with similar continental configurations as today,” says DiNezio.

“I think it’s a compelling study,” says Phil Jardine at the University of Münster in Germany, who found the first direct evidence for the loss of the ozone layer during the Permian extinction.

“I don’t think that this and other extinction drivers, including ozone degradation, are mutually exclusive,” he says. “The deadly thing about the end-Permian mass extinction seems to be that a lot of things were happening at once, and interacting with each other as they cascaded through the Earth system.”

Journal reference:


The Great Dying: The Permian Mass Extinction
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Mega El Niño Events Caused End-Permian Mass Extinction, Researchers Suggest

Mega El Niño Events Caused End-Permian Mass Extinction, Researchers Suggest

Illustration of the end-Permian extinction event, when extreme temperatures may have killed off forests RICHARD JONES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Illustration of the end-Permian extinction event, when extreme temperatures may have killed off forests

RICHARD JONES/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

The end-Permian mass extinction, which occurred about 252 million years ago, was the most severe extinction event in the past 540 million years, eliminating more than 90% of marine and 75% of terrestrial species. Scientists have long linked this extinction to vast volcanic eruptions in what is now Siberia. The resulting carbon dioxide emissions rapidly accelerated climate warming, resulting in widespread stagnation and the collapse of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. But what caused life on land, including plants and usually resilient insects, to suffer just as badly has remained a source of mystery.

An illustration depicting the onset of the end-Permian mass extinction. Image credit: Dawid Adam Iurino / PaleoFactory, Sapienza University of Rome / Jurikova et al, doi: 10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4.

An illustration depicting the onset of the end-Permian mass extinction.

Image credit: Dawid Adam Iurino / PaleoFactory, Sapienza University of Rome / Jurikova et al, doi: 10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4.

“Climate warming alone cannot drive such devastating extinctions because, as we are seeing today, when the tropics become too hot, species migrate to the cooler, higher latitudes,” said University of Bristol’s Dr. Alexander Farnsworth.

“Our research has revealed that increased greenhouse gases don’t just make the majority of the planet warmer, they also increase weather and climate variability making it even more ‘wild’ and difficult for life to survive.”

“The Permian-Triassic catastrophe shows the problem of global warming is not just a matter of it becoming unbearably hot, but also a case of conditions swinging wildly over decades.”

“Most life failed to adapt to these conditions, but thankfully a few things survived, without which we wouldn’t be here today. It was nearly, but not quite, the end of the life on Earth,” said China University of Geosciences Professor Yadong Sun.

The scale of end-Permian warming was revealed by studying oxygen isotopes in the fossilized tooth material of tiny extinct swimming organisms called conodonts.

By studying the temperature record of conodonts from around the world, the researchers were able to show a remarkable collapse of temperature gradients in the low and mid latitudes.

“Essentially, it got too hot everywhere,” Dr. Farnsworth said.

“The changes responsible for the climate patterns identified were profound because there were much more intense and prolonged El Niño events than witnessed today.”

“Species were simply not equipped to adapt or evolve quickly enough.”

A geological field section reveals a desiccated (extreme dryness) land surface that was common all over the world 252 million years ago. Image credit: University of Bristol / China University of Geosciences.

A geological field section reveals a desiccated (extreme dryness) land surface that was common all over the world 252 million years ago. Image credit: University of Bristol / China University of Geosciences.

In recent years, El Niño events have caused major changes in rainfall patterns and temperature.

For example, the weather extremes that caused the June 2024 North American heatwave when temperatures were around 15 degrees Celsius hotter than normal.

2023-2024 was also one of the hottest years on record globally due to a strong El Niño in the Pacific, which was further exacerbated by increased human-induced carbon dioxide driving catastrophic drought and fires around the world.

“Fortunately such events so far have only lasted one to two years at a time,” said University of Leeds Professor Paul Wignall.

“During the Permian-Triassic crisis, El Niño persisted for much longer resulting in a decade of widespread drought, followed by years of flooding.”

“Basically, the climate was all over the place and that makes it very hard for any species to adapt.”

The results of the climate modeling also help explain the abundant charcoal found in rock layers of that age.

“Wildfires become very common if you have a drought-prone climate,” said University of Hull Professor David Bond.

“Earth got stuck in a crisis state where the land was burning and the oceans stagnating. There was nowhere to hide.”

The researchers observed that throughout Earth’s history there have been many volcanic events similar to those in Siberia, and many caused extinctions, but none led to a crisis of the scale of the end-Permian event.

They found the extinction was so different because these mega-El Niños created positive feedback on the climate which led to incredibly warm conditions starting in the tropics and then beyond, resulting in the dieback of vegetation.

Plants are essential for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, as well as the foundation of the food web, and if they die so does one of the Earth’s mechanisms to stop carbon dioxide building up in the atmosphere as a result of continued volcanism.

This also helps explain the conundrum regarding the end-Permian mass extinction whereby the extinction on land occurred tens of thousands of years before extinction in the oceans.

“Whilst the oceans were initially shielded from the temperature rises, the mega-El Nino’s caused temperatures on land to exceed most species thermal tolerances at rates so rapid that they could not adapt in time,” Dr. Sun said.

“Only species that could migrate quickly could survive, and there weren’t many plants or animals that could do that.”

“The Permo-Triassic mass extinction, although devastating, would ultimately see the rise of dinosaurs becoming the dominant species thereafter as would the end-Cretaceous mass extinction lead to the rise of mammals, and humans,” Dr. Farnsworth said.

  • The results were published in the journal Science.
  • Yadong Sun et al. 2024. Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction. Science 385 (6714): 1189-1195; doi: 10.1126/science.ado2030

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

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Massive UFO Encounter: Air Force Crew Faces Unidentified Craft Over Nuclear Silo

Massive UFO Encounter: Air Force Crew Faces Unidentified Craft Over Nuclear Silo

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In the quiet skies of North Dakota, an extraordinary event unfolded one night that would forever embed itself in the annals of UFO history. Involving U.S. Air Force personnel stationed at Minot Air Force Base, the encounter revolved around an unidentified flying object (UFO) appearing over one of America’s most secure military installations — a nuclear missile silo. This mysterious incident not only unsettled the maintenance crew but also raised concerns about national security during the height of the Cold War.

The Cold War Context and Minot Air Force Base

During the Cold War, Minot Air Force Base played a crucial role in the United States’ defense strategy, housing both B-52 nuclear bombers and Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). The base was fortified by 150 Minuteman missile silos, each containing a nuclear missile capable of retaliating against a potential Soviet strike.

On an otherwise quiet night, airmen John O’Connor and Lloyd Isley, two maintenance technicians, were dispatched to perform routine checks at one of these silos, codenamed “November 7.” These young technicians were not trained in combat; their job was to ensure the missiles were operational. But on this particular night, their mission would quickly turn from routine to extraordinary.

The Strange Light in the Sky

As O’Connor and Isley drove towards the missile silo, O’Connor spotted an unusual bright light in the sky. Initially dismissing it as a farmer’s light, he soon realized that the light was moving — and worse, it seemed to be pacing their vehicle. The strange object floated just above the ground and followed them as they continued their journey. Unease set in, and O’Connor decided to radio the control tower, asking if there were any aircraft or military maneuvers occurring in the area. The response he received confirmed their fears: there were no military operations or aircraft in the vicinity.

The light, now moving closer, emitted a strange noise akin to a jet engine, heightening the tension. Both men believed that they were being monitored by the object, which only grew larger and brighter as it approached. They soon realized this was no ordinary aircraft or drone; it was something far more mysterious.

A Potential Threat to the Missile Silo

With the object now hovering near the missile site, O’Connor and Isley felt a growing sense of danger. O’Connor, fearing for the safety of the nuclear missile, immediately reported the situation to the base, calling for backup. Isley, unarmed and anxious, grabbed an axe from the back of their vehicle as a makeshift defense. Though they were maintenance personnel and not combat-trained soldiers, the gravity of the situation pushed them to prepare for the unknown.

As the mysterious object moved over the silo, both men noticed its immense size, estimating it to be a quarter the size of an aircraft carrier. Despite the overwhelming size of the craft, it remained eerily silent except for the faint engine-like sound.

Backup Arrives and a National Security Concern

Meanwhile, the security team stationed at the base, including Airmen Joe Jablonsky and Gregory Adams, had been dispatched to aid O’Connor and Isley. As the security team raced toward the scene, they too witnessed the bright light in the sky. By this time, the object was so large and close to the ground that it also appeared on radar, confirming its presence and elevating the situation to a matter of national security.

The security team arrived, but despite their presence and preparations, the UFO continued to hover over the missile silo. The military personnel faced an unprecedented dilemma: while they were trained to protect the base and its nuclear weapons, they had never encountered a threat like this. They couldn’t fire without clear provocation, especially over sensitive military grounds.

A B-52 Bomber’s Encounter

At the same time, a B-52 bomber returning from a training mission was preparing to land at Minot Air Force Base. The bomber’s crew was asked to observe and confirm the sighting. Not only did the crew confirm the presence of the strange object, but they also witnessed a second UFO at a higher altitude, approximately 12,000 feet in the air. This indicated that there were now two unidentified objects in the vicinity.

Moments after this confirmation, the UFO over the silo suddenly rocketed into the sky, disappearing from view. The B-52 crew also reported their object vanishing at the same time.

Aftermath and Military Investigation

The aftermath of the sighting sparked immediate concern at the highest levels of the U.S. military. The situation had implications not only for national security but also for the protection of nuclear assets. Given that multiple credible witnesses, including Air Force personnel and radar operators, had confirmed the presence of the object, the incident warranted serious investigation.

The U.S. Air Force initiated an inquiry through its UFO investigation division, Project Blue Book. Captain Bradford Run, the B-52 pilot who witnessed one of the objects, provided a detailed sketch of what he saw, adding further legitimacy to the account. However, the official explanation that emerged from the investigation was unsatisfactory to many. The sightings were attributed to a rare atmospheric phenomenon known as plasma balls, where ionized gas in the atmosphere could create glowing, moving objects.

Continuing Mysteries at Nuclear Sites

This event at Minot Air Force Base was not an isolated incident. Similar UFO sightings have been reported at other U.S. nuclear facilities, including Malmstrom, Loring, and Warren Air Force Bases. In many cases, military personnel witnessed unidentified objects hovering near nuclear missile sites. The recurring nature of these sightings has led some to speculate that UFOs might have a particular interest in nuclear weapons, though no conclusive evidence has ever been presented.

VIDEO:


Massive UFO vs. Air Force Over a Nuclear Silo | Close Encounters 205

The UFO encounter over Minot Air Force Base remains one of the most compelling cases of unidentified objects interacting with military personnel, especially near sensitive nuclear installations. With multiple credible witnesses and radar confirmation, the event continues to intrigue UFO researchers and skeptics alike. While the official explanation may point to natural atmospheric phenomena, many who were involved believe they encountered something far more mysterious that night, something that remains unexplained to this day.


UFO Sightings at Nuclear Bases (Full Episode) | UFOs: Investigating the Unknown

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Scientists find microplastics in worrying new body part

Scientists find microplastics in worrying new body part

Two new studies have revealed that that thousands of toxic chemicals are seeping into our bodies through every day food packaging.

Scientist from Switzerland identified 3,601 toxic chemicals in items like Tupperware, water bottles and canned goods, which were found in human blood, urine, hair and breast milk. 

The chemicals included Bisphenol A, or BPA, and heavy metals that have been linked to cancer and reproductive problems.

A separate team from Brazil made another startling discovery after detecting microplastics in a part of the nose connected to the brain, which could be linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

Thousands of potentially toxic chemicals were found in the human body, new research showed. The chemicals were found to seep into food through their containers

Thousands of potentially toxic chemicals were found in the human body, new research showed. The chemicals were found to seep into food through their containers

The compounds infiltrate food by simply coming into contact with the product through it's packaging or by heating up food in the plastic to-go containers handed out at restaurants. 

'There are known hazardous chemicals that are known to be linked with adverse human health outcomes, and these chemicals leach out of packaging,' said the study's co-author and the chief scientific officer of the Food Packaging Forum, Jane Muncke.

There are 14,000 chemicals used in packaging and the new study led by the Food Packaging Forum Foundation in Switzerland found that 25 percent of them are 'largely unregulated.'

'This is a staggering number and shows that food contact materials are a significant source of chemicals in humans,' Martin Wagner, a professor of biology at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim told CNN.

'The study is the first to systematically link the chemicals we use in materials to package and process foods to human exposure.'

The study, published in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, reported that the researchers identified BPA in both food and the human body that had previously been used in baby bottles, sippy cups and infant formula containers.

The chemical remained in the products until parents boycotted it more than a decade ago, however, it is still found in other packaging containers today. 

BPA has been linked to heart disease, erectile dysfunction, diabetes and cancer in adults and has also been found to increase the risk of early death by 49 percent.

Heavy metals were also discovered in the products, which can harm human's DNA by binding proteins and displacing essential metal ions that can alter the way protein functions in the body and can cause cell dysfunction.

They can become toxic as they gradually increase and accumulate in the body and can cause cardiovascular disease, cancer and impair brain development and cause lower IQs in children.

A lesser-known item is tiny containers of sauces that are popular at fast-food restaurants.

The researchers noted that the small cups have a better chance of contaminating food because of the close proximity between the chemicals in the packaging and the products

Food packaging like small sauce containers can contaminate the food, causing dangerous chemicals to enter the body

Food packaging like small sauce containers can contaminate the food, causing dangerous chemicals to enter the body

Muncke told The Washington Post that she was recently on a flight and was giving a small container of salad dressing that raised immediate red flags.

'They served the salad with a 15 milliliter little plastic bottle with olive oil and vinegar that you could pour over it,' she said. 'I thought, 'Well, I'm not doing that.'

'We don't think about how the (mostly) plastic packaging adds chemicals to our food, but it's an important source of human exposures,' R. Thomas Zoeller, an emeritus professor of biology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst who was not involved in the research, told The Post. 

'This is an early indication that harmful chemicals — largely unregulated — are making it into the human population.'

On top of toxic chemicals found throughout the body, a separate study also published this month was the first to identify microplastics from water bottles in the olfactory bulb. 

The olfactory bulb is a small portion of tissue inside the nose that's separated from the nasal canal and researchers found that this bulb is housing between five millimeters and one nanometer of plastic particles.

The study, published in the journal Environmental Health, found that the tissue could create a direct pathway for microplastics to enter the brain, although no published studies have confirmed the presence of PFAS in the brain.

The research team led by the University of São Paulo in Brazil said the microplastics could have reached the olfactory bulb either through systemic circulation, through the respiratory pathway or by crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Microplastics, or fragments of any plastic that measure less than five millimeters in length, lurk in oceans, the air, food, and even drinking water.

Humans constantly inhale and ingest them, raising the odds of experiencing whole-body inflammation, neurological effects, DNA damage, and a weakened immune response.

A total of 16 synthetic particles were found in eight of of the 15 deceased individuals studied.

Polypropylene - a thermoplastic found in food packaging - was the most prevalent polymer found, accounting for 48 percent of the microplastics in the bulb.

These findings could pave the way for future research to understand where microplastics originate.

Philip Landrigan, MD, who wasn't involved with the study told MedPage Today: 'I think there'll be a lot more information in the next few years about how microplastics are getting into the human body -- and what they're doing once they get in there.'


Microplastics Could Enter Your Brain. Here's How | Vantage with Palki Sharma

Microplastics and their impact on the human body

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Scientists discover a 'smiley face' on Mars - and it could contain signs of life

Scientists discover a 'smiley face' on Mars - and it could contain signs of life

Astronomers have discovered a smiley-face-shaped structure on Mars - and it could be more than just a planetary quirk. 

Researchers believe that it may be harboring signs of past life on the Red Planet. 

This grinning formation is made up of a pair of crater eyes and rings of ancient salt deposits.

These deposits are the remains of an ancient body of water that dried up long ago, leaving behind this emoji-like remnant that is only visible when viewed with an infrared camera.

The European Space Agency (ESA) - which snapped the photo - said: 'These deposits, remnants of ancient water bodies, could indicate habitable zones from billions of years ago.'

The European Space Agency snapped this photo of a smiley-face-shaped salt deposit on Mars that could harbor evidence of ancient alien life on the Red Planet

The European Space Agency snapped this photo of a smiley-face-shaped salt deposit on Mars that could harbor evidence of ancient alien life on the Red Planet

Scientists aren't sure exactly how big the smiley-face is, but it's one of 965 other salt deposits that have recently been catalogued on Mars' surface, which range in size from 1,000 to 10,000 feet wide.

Salt deposits are accumulations of salt - or chloride - found on a planetary surface. On Mars, they are the remnants of ancient bodies of water that dried up when the planet underwent a major climatic shift eons ago. 

Before the last puddles of Mars' liquid water disappeared, they may have been a 'haven' for microbial life, according to the ESA. 

These puddles would have been extremely salty, and thus the remains of microbes that once lived in them may still be preserved to this day - hiding in deposits like this smiley face. 

The ESA captured this image using their ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which has been measuring the levels of methane and other gases in Mars' atmosphere since 2016 to help scientists understand possible biological or geological activity on the Red Planet.

Normally, salt deposits on Mars' surface are invisible. 

But the orbiter's infrared cameras allow us to see them glowing pink or violet - revealing the smiley-face.

The photo was published as part of a study in the journal Scientific Data. 

These salt deposits are typically invisible, but the infrared cameras on the ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter allow us to see them glowing pink or violet

These salt deposits are typically invisible, but the infrared cameras on the ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter allow us to see them glowing pink or violet

As Mars' liquid water disappeared, the last salty puddles could have harbored surviving microbial life, and their remains could be preserved in the resulting salt deposits

As Mars' liquid water disappeared, the last salty puddles could have harbored surviving microbial life, and their remains could be preserved in the resulting salt deposits

The research team, led by scientists from the University of Bern in Sweden, used images taken by the orbiter to create the most robust catalog of Mars' chloride salt deposits to-date. 

The new catalog contains data for nearly 1,000 different deposits located all across the planet's surface. 

These deposits paint a picture of ancient Mars that is very different than the red desert planet we know today. Billions of years ago, Mars hosted bodies of liquid water.

'In the distant past, water formed magnificent landforms such as riverbeds, channels, and deltas on the Red Planet,' said planetary scientist and study lead author Valentin Bickel in an ESA statement. 

But studies suggest that sometime between three billion and two billion years ago, severe climate change caused these bodies of water to dry up. 

That extreme climatic shift was likely triggered by the loss of Mars' magnetic field, which allowed solar wind to erode the atmosphere and caused liquid water to freeze, evaporate or become trapped within the planet's surface.

Now, salt deposits are some of the only evidence we have of Mars' ancient water bodies. 

What's more, studying them could reveal clues about ancient microbial life that once lived in the planet's liquid water, according to the study.

'The new data has important implications for our understanding of the distribution of water on early Mars, as well as its past climate and habitability,' Bickel said. 

While there is no conclusive evidence pointing to past or present life on Mars, this study adds to a growing body of research that has reignited the search for microbes on the Red Planet.

European Space Agency Shares Pic Of 'Smiley Face' Spotted On Mars

See the post here:

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New map of Mars reveals hidden 'structures' below the Martian surface

New map of Mars reveals hidden 'structures' below the Martian surface

A new map of Mars has revealed mysterious structures hiding beneath the sediment layers of a lost ocean.

The researchers detected about 20 features scattered around the planet's north polar cap that are significantly denser than their surroundings. 

The structures vary in shape and size, with one resembling the shape of a dog, leaving the team puzzled because they do not know exactly what the formations are or where they came from. But they do have some theories.

One idea is that the structures were compacted by ancient meteor strikes, or  formed by volcanic activity, but more research is needed to get to the bottom of these underground anomalies. 

A new analysis of Mars' gravitational field has revealed mysterious structures lurking beneath the planet's surface

A new analysis of Mars' gravitational field has revealed mysterious structures lurking beneath the planet's surface

The team of researchers from Denmark's TU Delft and Utrecht University presented their findings at the Europlanetary Science Conference in Berlin this week.

The team used tiny deviations in satellite orbits to create a picture of Mars' gravitational field, or the region of space around a planet where its gravitational force can be felt. 

They did this to look for clues about how mass is distributed throughout the planet's subsurface. 

The team then combined these observations with data on the thickness and flexibility of the Mars' crust, as well as the dynamics of the planet's mantle and deep interior. 

These observations were collected by NASA's InSIGHT lander, which completed its study of Mars' crust, mantle and core in 2022.

This allowed the researchers to create a global density map of Mars that revealed the existence of 20 previously unknown underground structures scattered around the planet's north polar cap.

The structures are about 19 to 25 pounds per cubic foot denser than their surroundings, and vary in shape and size. 

Additionally, they are covered by a thick, smooth layer of sediment that may have once been a seabed. 

The researchers used tiny deviations in satellite orbits and data from NASA's InSIGHT lander to create a global density map of Mars

The researchers used tiny deviations in satellite orbits and data from NASA's InSIGHT lander to create a global density map of Mars

Their analysis revealed 20 previously unknown underground structures scattered around the planet's north polar cap

Their analysis revealed 20 previously unknown underground structures scattered around the planet's north polar cap

Billions of years ago, Mars was not the desert planet we know today. It was once covered in oceans and rivers, but water dried up in an extreme climactic shift. 

Now, the only evidence of these bodies of water lies in Mars' geologic record - like this sediment layer. 

As for the structures that lie beneath, 'there seems to be no trace of them at the surface,' lead author Bart Root, an assistant professor at TU Delft, said. 

'However, through gravity data, we have a tantalizing glimpse into the older history of the northern hemisphere of Mars.' 

This isn't the first time that scientists have uncovered oddities beneath the surface of Mars. 

In December 2023, China's Zhurong found large honeycomb-shaped crevasses buried dozens of meters beneath Mars' equator that likely formed when drastic temperature dips contract and fracture the ground.

But Root and his team are having a harder time figuring out what these most recently structures are, and where they came from. Right now, they have two main theories. 

Either the structures were compacted by ancient impact events, like meteor strikes, or they were formed by some kind of volcanic activity. This latter idea challenges scientists' longstanding view of Mars as a geologically inactive planet. 

But while studies have shown that Mars does not have as much geological activity as Earth, a growing body of evidence suggests that it isn't completely 'dead.'

Root's study adds to this evidence not just by discovering structures that may be volcanically formed, but through a totally separate finding. 

In addition to finding the mysterious structures, the team's analysis revealed that Mars' mantle may still host active geological processes that could be feeding Olympus Mons, the largest known volcano in the solar system.

Olympus Mons is located in the Tharsis Montes region near Mars' equator. Scientists estimate that it hasn't erupted for 25 million years.

The subterranean geology of the Tharsis region is incredibly dense, but Root and his team detected a much lighter mass lying 700 miles beneath the surface. 

He believes this mass is an enormous plume of magma that stretches 1,000 miles across in Mars' mantle. What's more, this plume might be in the process of bubbling to the surface.

'This means we need to rethink how we understand the support for the Olympus Mons volcano and its surroundings,' Root said. 

'It shows that Mars might still have active movements happening inside it, affecting and possibly making new volcanic features on the surface.' 


Intro to Areography | The Geography of Mars
Dark soil with a crushed brown rock and yellow sulfur crystals exposed.

A close-up photo taken by the Curiosity rover shows pure yellow sulfur crystals within a rock.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

Light-toned, pockmarked rock with sand in crevasses.

NASA’s Curiosity rover captured a close-up image of a rock nicknamed “Snow Lake." Nine days earlier, the rover had crushed a similar-looking rock and revealed sulfur crystals.

NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS Black and white view of Mars rocks and butte with a possible debris-filled river channel.

The Gediz Vallis channel is visible above the rocky area in the foreground.

NASA/JPL-Caltech

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Huge landslide unleashes 650-foot 'mega-tsunami' and causes Earth to vibrate for 9 DAYS

Huge landslide unleashes 650-foot 'mega-tsunami' and causes Earth to vibrate for 9 DAYS 

After a mountaintop collapsed into the sea in Greenland, a 'mega-tsunami' as tall as a skyscraper shook the Earth for nine straight days, baffling scientists around the world.

No one was injured by the landslide or resulting tsunami, but the 650-foot-tall wave destroyed roughly $200,000 worth of infrastructure at an unoccupied research station on Ella Island. 

What's more, the events occurred near a route that is commonly traveled by cruise ships. Had one been sailing through at this time, it could have led to tragedy. 

Until now, no one knew what caused the mysterious seismic activity that began in September 2023 and lasted over a week. It took an international team of scientists to trace it back to the landslide.

'When we set out on this scientific adventure, everybody was puzzled and no one had the faintest idea what caused this signal,' said Kristian Svennevig, study lead author and geologist at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland.

Before and after the massive landslide that dumped 33 million cubic yards of ice and rock into a Greenland fjord, triggering a 650-foot-tall 'mega-tsunami' that shook Earth for nine days

Before and after the massive landslide that dumped 33 million cubic yards of ice and rock into a Greenland fjord, triggering a 650-foot-tall 'mega-tsunami' that shook Earth for nine days

Svennevig and her colleagues now believe that climate change set the stage for this landslide by melting a glacier at the base of the mountain and destabilizing enough ice and rock to fill 10,000 Olympic swimming pools. 

And as rising global temperatures continue to melt Earth's polar regions, destructive landslides like this one could become more common. 

The research team published their findings today in the journal Science. 

When seismic monitoring networks first detected the activity, scientists were perplexed for two reasons. 

First, the signal was much more spread out than the typical tight squiggles that an earthquake produces on a seismograph - a device used to record ground shaking.

'It oscillated with a 92-second-interval between its peaks, too slow for humans to perceive,' according to a statement from the University of California San Diego, one of the institutions that contributed to the research.

Second, the signal remained strong for nine straight days. Typical seismic events decay much more rapidly - the average earthquake lasts only seconds to minutes.

Scientists around the world quickly began working to get to the bottom of this strange signal. 

Climate change set the stage for this landslide by melting a glacier at the base of the mountain and destabilizing enough ice and rock to fill 10,000 Olympic swimming pools

Climate change set the stage for this landslide by melting a glacier at the base of the mountain and destabilizing enough ice and rock to fill 10,000 Olympic swimming pools

The mega-tsunami destroyed roughly $200,000 worth of infrastructure at an unoccupied research station on Ella Island, but no one was hurt

The mega-tsunami destroyed roughly $200,000 worth of infrastructure at an unoccupied research station on Ella Island, but no one was hurt

Discussions online eventually turned up reports of a massive landslide that occurred on a mountain overlooking a remote fjord in East Greenland on September 16 2023.

To determine whether the landslide was connected to the mysterious shaking, a team of researchers led by Svennevig digitally reconstructed the landslide and resulting shakes.

They did this using a combination of seismic recordings from around the world, field measurements, satellite imagery and computer simulations.

The researchers also used supercomputers to simulate the 650-foot-tall mega-tsunami triggered by the 33 million cubic yards of rock and ice that crashed into the fjord. 

The waves sloshed back and forth inside the fjord in a phenomenon known as seiche. The researchers concluded that this sloshing is what caused the nine-day stretch of seismic activity that rocked the Earth last year. 

'Ultimately, it took a plethora of geophysical observations and numerical modeling from researchers across many countries to put the puzzle together and get a complete picture of what had occurred,' said co-author Robert Anthony, a geophysicist with the United States Geological Survey's Earthquake Hazards program, in a statement.

The findings demonstrate the 'complex, cascading hazards' driven by the impact of climate change on Earth's polar regions, according to the researchers.

'Climate change is shifting what is typical on Earth, and it can set unusual events into motion,' said co-author Alice Gabriel, a seismologist at the University of California San Diego, in a statement. 

Fortunately, no people were in the area when the enormous landslide and resulting tsunami occurred. But this incident emphasizes the importance of monitoring polar regions as climate change accelerates. 

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Earth Will Have a Tiny New Mini-Moon for a Few Months

An illustration of a completely unrelated asteroid

Earth Will Have a Tiny New Mini-Moon for a Few Months

The Moon has inspired poets and artists, musicians and playwrights. The sight of our one and only Moon is familiar to anyone that has ever glanced up at the night time (and sometimes day time sky!) Every so often though, our Moon (note the use of capital ‘M’)is joined by a small asteroid that wanders too close. Astronomers have detected an 11-metre wide asteroid that has the snappy name 2024 PT5 and it came within 567,000 kilometres of Earth and will become a temporary satellite from 29 September until 25 November when it will leave our system. 

Planets, comets, satellites and asteroids are the main constituents of our Solar System, plus of course, the Sun. The asteroids are small rocky objects that orbit the Sun with the majority in orbits between Mars and Jupiter. These remnants of the early Solar System come in a wide range of sizes from those measuring just a few centimetres to others measuring hundreds of kilometres. They have no atmosphere and are usually irregular in shape. 

The asteroid Dimorphos was captured by NASA’s DART mission just two seconds before the spacecraft struck its surface on Sept. 26, 2022. Observations of the asteroid before and after impact suggest it is a loosely packed “rubble pile” object. Credit: NASA/JHUAPL

Asteroids that pass within 1.3 astronomical units (one astronomical unit is the average distance between the Sun and Earth) are typically referred to as near-earth objects (NEOs.) Their proximity to Earth means they may – if not immediately – pose a potential impact threat to Earth. Most NEO’s pass by harmlessly on each orbit but they are tracked for future threats. The study of this family of asteroids helps us to understand about the formation of the Solar System. 

On occasions, Earth can capture asteroids from the NEO group and for a short period, pull them into an orbit. These temporary captures can be very short lived not even lasting for an entire orbit before returning to their regular trajectory.  Others like 2006RH120 remained in orbit around Earth for a year, while some have been captured for more than a year. These mini-moon events have even turned out to be pieces of space junk like one identified in 2020 which turned out to be a rocket booster from the launch of Surveyor 2 in 1966!

This 1964 photograph shows a Centaur upper-stage rocket before being mated to an Atlas booster. A similar Centaur was used during the launch of Surveyor 2 two years later. Credit: NASA

Asteroid 2024 PT5 is a NEO that was discovered on 7 August 2024 by ATLAS, the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System. It measures 11 metres across and can approach within 1 million kilometres of Earth in an orbit whose path resembles a horseshoe shape. This complex type of orbit occurs when a smaller object orbits a relatively larger object. In the case of 2024 PT5, the gravitational attraction of Earth changes the shape of the asteroids elliptical orbit. The horseshoe shape is only evident when the orbit of the asteroid is mapped relative to both the Sun and the Earth.

The dynamics of the two objects means that for a period of 56 days from 29 September to 25 November, 2024 PT5 will officially orbit the Earth although it is only classed as a ‘temporary captured flyby.’ It will only perform one single orbit however before it returns to its usual heliocentric, Sun centred orbit. This won’t be the only time though as it is predicted to return again in 2055. 

Don’t get too excited about seeing it though. The object will be far too faint to be seen with the naked eye, even beyond the visual range of amateur telescopes. It is however possible for experienced amateur astronomers to capture images of the asteroid using astronomical imaging techniques.

Source : 

 { https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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