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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
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Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.

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Shrine from the Bible sealed up by Jesus' ancestor is OPENED for the first time in 3,000 years

A place of worship sealed up by the ancestors of Jesus has been discovered in the ancient heart of Jerusalem, frozen in time for nearly 3,000 years.

Carved into the rock near Temple Mount, the structure comprises eight rooms, containing an altar, a sacred standing stone, and presses for olive oil and wine.

And experts believe its destruction may have featured in the Bible, which describes how Hezekiah – one of Jesus' ancestors – smashed idolatrous places of worship.

This was one such place, according to Eli Shukron, exacavation director for the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), who dated it to Hezekiah's reign.

He said: 'The structure ceased to function during the 8th century BC, possibly as part of king Hezekiah's religious reform.

'According to the Bible, Hezekiah sought to centralise worship at the temple in Jerusalem, abolishing the ritual sites scattered across the kingdom.

'The Bible describes how, during the First Temple period, additional ritual sites operated outside the temple.

'It says two kings of Judah – Hezekiah and Josiah – implemented reforms to eliminate these sites and concentrate worship at the temple.'

A place of worship sealed up by the ancestors of Jesus has been discovered in the ancient heart of Jerusalem , frozen in time for nearly 3,000 years

A place of worship sealed up by the ancestors of Jesus has been discovered in the ancient heart of Jerusalem , frozen in time for nearly 3,000 years

Carved into the rock near Temple Mount, the structure comprises eight rooms, containing an altar, a sacred standing stone, and presses for olive oil and wine

Carved into the rock near Temple Mount, the structure comprises eight rooms, containing an altar, a sacred standing stone, and presses for olive oil and wine

Experts believe its destruction may have featured in the Bible, which describes how Hezekiah ¿ one of Jesus' ancestors ¿ smashed idolatrous places of worship

Experts believe its destruction may have featured in the Bible, which describes how Hezekiah – one of Jesus' ancestors – smashed idolatrous places of worship

Both kings are identified as paternal grandfathers of Jesus by the Gospel of Matthew.

Hezekiah's crackdown against pagan places of worship – or 'high places' – is described in the second book of Kings.

It recounts how he 'removed the high places, smashed the sacred stones' and 'did what was right in the eyes of the lord'.

Remarkably, the sacred standing stone at the site survived his onslaught.

Shukron called it 'the most dramatic and important find in the excavation'.

'This is what makes this place a cultic site,' he said.

'When we uncovered it, we found it standing in its place, with stones around it.

'The standing stone was covered with earth; it was preserved – no one destroyed it.

This was a place of worship, according to Eli Shukron, exacavation director for the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), who dated it to Hezekiah's reign

This was a place of worship, according to Eli Shukron, exacavation director for the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), who dated it to Hezekiah's reign

'The Bible describes how, during the First Temple period, additional ritual sites operated outside the temple,' Eli Shukron said

'The Bible describes how, during the First Temple period, additional ritual sites operated outside the temple,' Eli Shukron said

Archaeologists also found a hoard of artifacts from the 8th century BC, sealed behind a stone wall in a cave. These included cooking pots, jars with fragments of ancient Hebrew inscriptions, loom weights, scarabs, stamped seals with decorative motifs, and grinding stones used for crushing grains

Archaeologists also found a hoard of artifacts from the 8th century BC, sealed behind a stone wall in a cave. These included cooking pots, jars with fragments of ancient Hebrew inscriptions, loom weights, scarabs, stamped seals with decorative motifs, and grinding stones used for crushing grains

'When we found it, it was exactly as it was here 2,800 years ago.'

Another room featured the remains of an altar, identifiable by a drainage channel which still ran from its corner.

And in one part of the site, mysterious v-shaped carvings marked the floor.

Their true purpose is lost to history, but they might once have supported some sort of tripod with ritual use.

Archaeologists also found a hoard of artifacts from the 8th century BC, sealed behind a stone wall in a cave.

These included cooking pots, jars with fragments of ancient Hebrew inscriptions, loom weights, scarabs, stamped seals with decorative motifs, and grinding stones used for crushing grains.

The site lies in the ancient heart of Jerusalem – sometimes called the City of David – just a few hundred metres from Temple Mount, and once co-existed with the First Temple there.

Excavations began in 2010, but the northern part of the ruins was discovered in 1909 by Montague Parker, a British adventurer searching for the Ark of the Covenant and other temple treasures.

A 1585 depiction of king Hezekiah smashing the pagan places of worship

A 1585 depiction of king Hezekiah smashing the pagan places of worship

Amichai Eliyahu, Israel's Minister of Heritage, said: 'This unique structure uncovered in the City of David is an exciting testimony to Jerusalem's rich past.

'Such discoveries make our connection and historic roots – going back thousands of years – tangible, in Jerusalem and other sites where the Jewish culture and belief system emerged.'

Shukron published his findings in 'Atiqot, the IAA's in-house journal.

READ MORE

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WHAT DO PEOPLE BELIEVE ABOUT THE TRADITIONAL BIRTHPLACE OF JESUS?

The Church of the Nativity, located six miles (10 km) outside of Jerusalem, is one of the most important religious sites in the world.

It has been recognised as the birthplace of Jesus since at least the Second Century and has been listed as a Unesco world heritage site since 2012.

The original church was built in 339 AD, but was rebuilt after fire in the 6th century and it is one of the oldest churches in the world still in daily use. 

An estimated two million people make pilgrimages to the site each year to visit the church and the shrine below, the Grotto, where Jesus of Nazareth is believed to have been born.

But the region is of key importance to other religions as well. Almost 1,000 years before Jesus, Bethlehem was the city of King David. 

Today, the site in Bethlehem is part of a large religious complex.

Set in the marble floor of the Grotto is a silver star which represents the spot where Jesus was born, installed in 1717 and surrounded by lamps to represent the different Christian communities. 

RELATED INFO AND VIDEOS
3,000-year-old shrine unearthed in Jerusalem.
The new structure was found carved into the eastern slope of the City of David
Credit: Michael Havis
Collection of broken ancient pottery.
Various ancient artefacts were found sealed behind a stone wall
Credit: Michael Havis
Illustration of a 3,000-year-old shrine unearthed in Jerusalem.
An artist's impression of how the structure would have looked before it was destroyed
Credit: Michael Havis
KH_16_01_JERUSALEM_HOLY_DISCOVERY.jpg?strip=all&w=889

When Jesus’ Tomb Was Opened For The First Time, Scientists Made A Groundbreaking Discovery !

Jesus' Tomb Explained--the evidence & the story!

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Geschreven door peter om 20:54 Stuur door

Sound of a meteorite striking Earth is revealed for the first time - as baffled residents record the historic noise on their Ring doorbell

From floating ghosts to potential UFOs, Ring doorbells have captured a lot of strange events.

Now, one couple's home security camera has recorded something entirely new to science.

For the first time ever, the terrifying sound of a meteorite striking the Earth has been revealed.

The groundbreaking video shows the exact moment a chunk of space rock hit the driveway of a home in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

In July 2024, Laura Kelly and her partner Joe Velaidum had just returned from walking their dogs when they found a mysterious star-shaped mark outside their home.

Checking the recording from their Ring camera, they watched as a rock hurtled out of the sky and exploded into a burst of dust on the ground. 

Thinking fast, the couple managed to gather up about seven grams of suspected space rock and sent it to Dr Chris Herd, head curator of the meteorite collection at the University of Alberta.

Dr Herd says: 'No other meteorite fall has been documented like this, complete with sound.'

Residents of Prince Edward Island, Canada were baffled to find that their Ring doorbell had recorded the stunning moment a meteorite slammed into their driveway

Residents of Prince Edward Island, Canada were baffled to find that their Ring doorbell had recorded the stunning moment a meteorite slammed into their driveway 

The shocking video is the first time that the sound of an asteroid hitting Earth has ever been recorded

The shocking video is the first time that the sound of an asteroid hitting Earth has ever been recorded 

When the rock smashed into their home, it was moving so fast that the camera only captured it for a single frame.

However, as soon as Dr Herd looked at the samples, there was no question that this was no ordinary stone.

As luck would have it, Dr Herd already had a trip planned to the area just 10 days after the impact and was able to make a diversion to the site.

There, he found that the meteorite had blasted a 2cm x 2cm hole in the walkway outside the home.

With the help of Joe and Laura, Dr Herd collected 95 grams of asteroid material which is now being held for further study at the University of Alberta.

Dr Herd's analysis shows that the rock, now dubbed the Charlottetown Meteorite after the capital of Prince Edward Island, was made of Chondrite - the most common meteorite material.

Chondrite meteors are leftovers from the formation of the solar system some 4.5 billion years ago and have lurked almost untouched since then in the distant reaches of space.

This particular rock would have begun its long journey to Canada in the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars, around 204 million miles (329 million kilometres) from Earth.

In July 2024, Laura Kelly and her partner Joe Velaidum had just returned from walking their dogs when they found a mysterious star-shaped mark outside their home

In July 2024, Laura Kelly and her partner Joe Velaidum had just returned from walking their dogs when they found a mysterious star-shaped mark outside their home

What is the difference between a meteor and a meteorite?

A meteorite is a small chunk of asteroid or comet which has landed on Earth. 

While these rocks are still in space, scientists call them meteoroids. 

When it enters Earth's atmosphere it becomes a meteor, fireball or shooting star.

The pieces of rock that hit the ground are meteorites, and are valuable to collectors.

The remnants must be analyzed by a lab to be accredited as meteorites.

This was particularly exciting since this is the only recorded meteorite impact in the island's history.

Dr Herd says: 'As the first and only meteorite from the province of Prince Edward Island, the Charlottetown Meteorite sure announced its arrival in a spectacular way.

'It adds a whole new dimension to the natural history of the Island.'

But most excitingly of all, this is the only time the sound of a meteorite impact has ever been recorded.

Dr Herd told CBC News: 'It's not anything we've ever heard before. From a science perspective, it's new.'

The violent crack of the impact which you can hear in the video is a product of the Charlottetown meteorite's incredible speed.

Meteorites typically arrive at the edge of Earth's atmosphere travelling at over 37,000 miles per hour (60,000 kmph) before slowing down.

Dr Herd estimates that the Charlottetown Meteorite was probably moving at around 125 miles per hour (200 kmph) when it hit the ground.

The meteorite is believed to have hit the ground at around 125 miles per hour (200 kmph), producing enough force to gouge a 2cm hole into the walkway

The meteorite is believed to have hit the ground at around 125 miles per hour (200 kmph), producing enough force to gouge a 2cm hole into the walkway 

Although the meteorite wasn't big enough to cause any serious damage to the property, it could have been quite dangerous, had Joe and Laura been nearby.

'The shocking thing for me is that I was standing right there a couple of minutes right before this impact,' says Joe.

'If I'd have seen it, I probably would've been standing right there, so it probably would've ripped me in half.'

Despite being a first for Prince Edward Island, events like this are actually surprisingly common.

Dr Greg Brown, Senior Public Astronomy Officer at the Royal Observatory Greenwich, says: 'Meteors fall into the Earth’s atmosphere very often. Millions of minuscule particles of dust and rock burn up in the atmosphere each day, totalling around 15 thousand tonnes of material over the course of a year.

'If those particles are large enough, they can survive their entry to the atmosphere and impact the Earth with recent estimates suggesting around 17,000 impacts occur each year.'

However, most of those are so small that they arrive at the Earth's surface as grains of dust, having burned away their outer layers.

Although impacts with human settlements are rare, scientists estimate that there are around two 'damaging impacts' every year.

Further analysis at the University of Alberta shows that the meteorite (pictured) is made of Chondrite, a material left over from the formation of the Solar System 4.5 billion years ago

Further analysis at the University of Alberta shows that the meteorite (pictured) is made of Chondrite, a material left over from the formation of the Solar System 4.5 billion years ago 

One family from Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire found that their windshield had been smashed by an iron-rich meteorite on Boxing Day last year. 

Likewise, in 2019 scientists confirmed the first ever 'damaging impact' in Uruguay after a 712-gram stone broke through the cement ceiling of a home, shattering a TV and bed frame below.

While no one has ever been killed by a direct impact from a meteorite, in 1953 an American woman named Ann Elizabeth Fowler Hodges became the first and only person to ever be hit by a space rock.

According to investigations at the time, a 3.8kg (8.5lbs) rock shot through the roof of her home, hit a radio console and bounced into her side.

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The impact left Ms Hodges with severe bruising and the unique claim to be the only person ever directly injured by a meteor impact.

However, given how large the planet is and how little of it is actually inhabited, there is little reason to worry about these kinds of small impacts.

'The vast majority of meteorites are far smaller, limiting the potential damage they could do,' Dr Brown added. 

'What’s more, despite how widespread humanity is, the majority of the surface of the Earth is ocean, desert and other similarly sparsely inhabited places, meaning most impacts aren’t even noticed, let alone pose a threat to life and health.'

WHY DO METEORS MAKE A SOUND?

Meteors are fragments of space rock that enter the Earth's atmosphere and burn up as a result of the friction created when they pass through, appearing as bright streaks of light in the sky.

As well as light, this friction also creates sound, with some meteors creating a 'sonic boom' as they break the sound barrier, in a similar way to a fast-moving aircraft.

Since meteors can be over a hundred kilometres in altitude, and their sound waves travel much slower than the light they generate, the sonic boom is often not heard until many minutes after the flash is seen.

The boom will also only be loud enough to hear from Earth if the meteor is particularly large, enters the stratosphere below an altitude of about 30 miles (50 km) and explodes as a bolide, or fireball.

As well as the boom, some stargazers claim to have heard hissing and buzzing sounds at the same time as a meteor is seen. 

This is because meteors also give off very low frequency radio waves, which travel at the speed of light.

These are inaudible, but can cause physical objects on the Earth's surface to vibrate and produce a sound, which our ears may interpret as hissing.

Sometimes, stargazers are able to hear a meteor as it creates a 'sonic boom', in a similar way that a fast-moving aircraft does (stock image)

Sometimes, stargazers are able to hear a meteor as it creates a 'sonic boom', in a similar way that a fast-moving aircraft does

(stock image)

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SpaceX Starship mega-rocket 'destroyed' in 7th test flight trying to bring Elon Musk closer to Mars

SpaceX Starship mega-rocket 'destroyed' in 7th test flight trying to bring Elon Musk closer to Mars

Space X's seventh Starship test flight was 'destroyed' less than ten minutes after its launch, as Elon Musk continues his quest to reach Mars. 

The uncrewed test flight was Musk's latest attempt to make life on mars a reality after his sixth test flight exploded less than ten minutes into its flight. 

The new-generation ship launched from Texas on Thursday and successfully flew for around eight minutes, with the teams' second breathtaking booster catch, before contact was lost. 

Officials confirmed that the spacecraft was destroyed. 

'Starship experienced a rapid unscheduled disassembly during its ascent burn. Teams will continue to review data from today's flight test to better understand root cause,' SpaceX posted on X. 

'With a test like this, success comes from what we learn, and today’s flight will help us improve Starship’s reliability.'

Debris, with unclear relations to the spacecraft, was captured on camera flying across the Caribbean just minutes after the flight test. 

'Every Starship launch is one more step closer towards Mars,' Musk said before liftoff, as he hopes his ships will be the first to launch humanity into life on Mars. 

SpaceX posted on X that today's test flight featured 'significant upgrades.' 

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The new-generation SpaceX ship launched from Texas on Thursday and successfully flew for around eight minutes, with the teams' second breathtaking booster catch, before contact was lost

The new Starship was rolled out taller - now standing at 403 feet - and with about 300 more tons of propellant than the last test flight ship, with added upgrades for 'reliability and performance'

The new Starship was rolled out taller - now standing at 403 feet - and with about 300 more tons of propellant than the last test flight ship, with added upgrades for 'reliability and performance'

'Every Starship launch is one more step closer towards Mars,' Musk said before liftoff, as he hopes his ships will be the first to launch humanity into life on Mars

'Every Starship launch is one more step closer towards Mars,' Musk said before liftoff, as he hopes his ships will be the first to launch humanity into life on Mars

Debris, with unclear relations to the spacecraft, was captured on camera flying across the Caribbean just minutes after the flight test

Debris, with unclear relations to the spacecraft, was captured on camera flying across the Caribbean just minutes after the flight test

The new Starship was rolled out taller - now standing at 403 feet - and with about 300 more tons of propellant than the last test flight ship, with added upgrades for 'reliability and performance.'

SpaceX announced there would be 'hardware upgrades to the launch and catch tower to increase reliability for booster catch,' including enhancements to sensor protections on the chopsticks damaged during the last launch. 

As well as a redesigned upper-stage propulsion system that can carry 25 percent more propellant, along with slimmer, repositioned forward flaps to reduce exposure to heat during reentry. 

The company also added ten dummy satellites, the same size as SpaceX's Starlink internet satellites, for release in space. They were due to follow the same flight path as the spacecraft, ending up destroyed upon entry.

The post added that the flight 'set out to attempt Starship's first payload deployment test, fly multiple reentry experiments geared towards ship catch and reuse, and launch and return the Super Heavy booster.' 

'Today’s flight test will launch a new generation ship with significant upgrades, attempt Starship’s first payload deployment test, fly multiple reentry experiments geared towards ship catch and reuse, and launch and return the Super Heavy booster.' 

SpaceX's last successful launch happened in October on its fifth flight test. The sixth, which was witnessed by President-elect Donald Trump in November, made a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico. 

The test flight launched just after 5.30 EST in Texas across the Gulf of Mexico. 

Just around 3 minutes into the flight, the Super Heavy booster successfully detached and performed a flip maneuver, making its way back to the launchpadAround six and a half minutes into the flight, Super Heavy returned and was successfully caught by the launch tower for SpaceX's second time

Around six and a half minutes into the flight, Super Heavy returned and was successfully caught by the launch tower for SpaceX's second time

While Stage 1 was successful, contact with the ship was reported to be lost just after the eight-and-a-half-minute mark

While Stage 1 was successful, contact with the ship was reported to be lost just after the eight-and-a-half-minute mark

'With a test like this, success comes from what we learn, and today¿s flight will help us improve Starship¿s reliability,' SpaceX posted on X

'With a test like this, success comes from what we learn, and today’s flight will help us improve Starship’s reliability,' SpaceX posted on X

 Just around 3 minutes into the flight, the Super Heavy booster successfully detached and performed a flip maneuver, making its way back to the launchpad. 

Around six and a half minutes into the flight, Super Heavy returned and was successfully caught by the launch tower for SpaceX's second time. 

'Even in this day and age, what we just saw is magic,' Dan Huot observed from close to the launch site after the booster touched down. 'I am shaking right now.'

'The tower has caught the rocket!!' SpaceX founder and CEO Elon Musk said via X as the spacecraft made the dramatic touchdown.

While Stage 1 was successful, contact with the ship was reported to be lost just after the eight-and-a-half-minute mark. 

Just after the twenty-minute mark, it was confirmed that the ship was lost. 

Hours earlier, Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin - launched their newest rocket, New Glenn, in Florida. The rocket reached orbit on its first flight, successfully placing an experimental satellite thousands of miles above Earth. 

However, the booster was destroyed and missed its targeted landing on a floating platform in the Atlantic.

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Geschreven door peter om 18:13 Stuur door

NASA astronaut trapped in space is dubbed an 'indentured servant' as she steps out of the ISS for the first time in more than 7 MONTHS

One of NASA's trapped astronauts got a much-needed change of scenery as she stepped outside the space station for the first time in seven months.

Suni Williams and her fellow astronaut Butch Wilmore have been stranded on the International Space Station (ISS) since June last year.

The pair had intended to stay for just eight days after arriving in Boeing's Starliner capsule, but engine failures and helium leaks meant they could not safely return.

Yesterday, Williams and NASA astronaut Nick Hague embarked on a six-hour spacewalk to conduct repair work on the outside of the station. 

As Williams enjoyed her first moments outside the ISS, many social media users were shocked to realise she was still stranded in space. 

Outraged space fans flocked to X (formerly Twitter) with one even dubbing Williams a 'captive worker'. 

'They're like indentured servants at this point,' the furious commenter added. 

Williams and Wilmore were originally scheduled to return home in February this year, but further delays mean they will be stuck on the ISS until at least March.

Suni Williams (pictured), one of NASA's stranded astronauts, stepped outside the International Space Station for the first time in seven months

Suni Williams (pictured), one of NASA's stranded astronauts, stepped outside the International Space Station for the first time in seven months 

Williams and Wilmore will likely remain on the station until at least March or April after the failure of the Boeing Starliner (pictured) left them stranded

Williams and Wilmore will likely remain on the station until at least March or April after the failure of the Boeing Starliner (pictured) 

Mission commander Williams and flight engineer Wilmore took off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on June 5 for a test flight of Boeing's new Starliner capsule.

The plan was to ride Starliner out of the atmosphere, perform a few test manoeuvres, and dock with the ISS for an eight-day stay before returning to Earth in the same capsule.

However, things almost immediately began to go wrong for the problem-plagued capsule as the craft experienced thruster failures and a helium leak.

In September last year, Starliner was sent back to Earth empty, touching down in New Mexico after slowing its descent with parachutes.

That choice left the Boeing test crew stuck aboard the ISS without their vehicle until someone could be sent to get them.

That means the pair might not get back to Earth until April at the very earliest - 10 months after they left home.

Since their arrival, yesterday's spacewalk was the first time that Williams has been able to escape the cramped confines of the station.

However, on social media, many expressed their shock and disappointment that Williams and Wilmore had not yet been able to return to Earth.

As Williams enjoyed her first moments outside the station, one commenter dubbed her a 'captive worker' due to the fact she is still trapped in space

As Williams enjoyed her first moments outside the station, one commenter dubbed her a 'captive worker' due to the fact she is still trapped in space

Another pointed out that Williams was only meant to have a 'week's vacation' and has now spent the second longest time in space of any American

Another pointed out that Williams was only meant to have a 'week's vacation' and has now spent the second longest time in space of any American

One commenter angrily demanded to know when Williams and Wilmore would return to Earth

One commenter angrily demanded to know when Williams and Wilmore would return to Earth 

One commenter wrote: 'I appreciate that Suni Williams is just doing sidequests at this point.

'She was meant to be on a week's vacation to the ISS and now she's spent the second longest amount of time in space of an American.'

Another angrily asked: 'When are they going to be back on Earth?'

Meanwhile, other users joked that Williams was 'stepping out to get some fresh air after being unexpectedly cooped up for months.'

'Sometimes you just gotta get outta the house,' one commenter wrote.

Another joked: 'We can understand! Guys get pretty bored holed up inside the station & went out for a garden walk to loosen their limbs a bit!'

Likewise, some commenters suggested that Williams might be taking her resue into her own hands.

One commenter joked:  'Frustrated with NASA, astronauts figure it's easier just to walk home.'

Some commenters joked that Williams was only 'stepping out to get some fresh air' after her seven-month stint inside the ISS

Some commenters joked that Williams was only 'stepping out to get some fresh air' after her seven-month stint inside the ISS

Commenters felt they could relate to the feeling of just needing to get out of the house

Commenters felt they could relate to the feeling of just needing to get out of the house 

One commenter added that Williams had gone 'out for a garden walk' to stretch her legs

One commenter added that Williams had gone 'out for a garden walk' to stretch her legs 

While another cheekily added: 'If it'd been me I would've stepped outside and said 'F*** it, I'm walking home".'

Despite the social media reaction, the spacewalk had a more serious purpose which was to perform essential repairs outside of the ISS. 

After spending the last few days undergoing rigorous health checks and inspecting their equipment, Williams and Hague donned their suits early Thursday morning.

At 08:00 EST (13:00 GMT), the astronauts switched their suits over to battery power, marking the official start of the spacewalk.

'I'm coming out,' Williams radioed as she emerged from the orbiting lab 260 miles above Turkmenistan in Central Asia.

The astronauts replaced equipment, repaired one of the station's telescopes, and replaced a navigation device on a visiting vehicle.

Williams got a close-up look at the SpaceX capsule that will bring her home this spring, floating just a few feet away from the parked vessel as she struggled with a chore.

However, she managed to safely conduct the repairs without putting any dents in her ride home.

A commenter suggested that Williams was fed up with waiting and decided to make her own way back to Earth

A commenter suggested that Williams was fed up with waiting and decided to make her own way back to Earth 

One commenter joked that they would have decided to walk home after remaining trapped in space for so long

One commenter joked that they would have decided to walk home after remaining trapped in space for so long 

Suni Williams (left) arrived at the ISS with Butch Williams (centre) in June last year for what was supposed to be an eight-day stay. On Thursday, Williams was joined by NASA astronaut Nick Hague (right) for her first excursion from the station since arriving

Suni Williams (left) arrived at the ISS with Butch Williams (centre) in June last year for what was supposed to be an eight-day stay. On Thursday, Williams was joined by NASA astronaut Nick Hague (right) for her first excursion from the station since arriving 

This marks Williams' eighth spacewalk and brings her total cumulative time spent in extra-vehicular activity to 56 hours and 40 minutes

This marks Williams' eighth spacewalk and brings her total cumulative time spent in extra-vehicular activity to 56 hours and 40 minutes 

The most experienced spacewalkers

  1. Anatoly Solovyev: 82 hours 22 minutes, 16 spacewalks
  2. Michael Lopez-Alegria: 67 hours 50 minutes, 10 spacewalks
  3. Stephen G. Bowen: 65 hours 57 minutes, 10 spacewalks
  4. Andrew J. Feustel: 61 hours 48 minutes, 9 spacewalks
  5. Bob Behnken: 61 hours 10 minutes, 10 spacewalks
  6. Peggy Whitson: 60 hours, 21 minutes, 10 spacewalks
  7. Fyodor Yurchikhin: 59 hours 28 minutes, 9 spacewalks
  8. Shane Kimbrough: 59 hours 28 minutes, 9 spacewalks
  9. John M. Grunsfeld: 58 hours 30 minutes: 8 spacewalks
  10. Jerry L. Ross: 57 hours 55 minutes, 9 spacewalks  

Williams also made important repairs to the 'rate gyro assembly', a key piece of equipment which helps the ISS stay in the same orientation.

At 08:01 EST (19:00 GMT), after six hours of work, NASA announced that the spacewalk was officially over.  

This marks Hague’s fourth time working outside the station and the eighth for Williams, making her one of the most experienced spacewalkers in NASA's history. 

Williams, who has stayed on the ISS before, has already spent 56 hours and 40 minutes in EVA, making her the 11th most experienced spacewalker ever.

If she spends just four more hours outside the station next week, that will make her the most experienced female spacewalker.

The record is currently held by Peggy Whitson who spent 60 hours and 21 minutes in space across 10 different spacewalks.

This is the first time that astronauts have undertaken 'extra-vehicular activity' (EVA) from the ISS since November 2023.

Earlier US EVAs were put on hold after astronauts found water leaking into the airlock from the cooling system in one of the space suits.

Williams and Hague spend six hours outside the station to make repairs and perform maintenance. Pictured: the view from Williams' helmet camera as she repairs a navigation device on a visiting spaceship

Williams and Hague spend six hours outside the station to make repairs and perform maintenance. Pictured: the view from Williams' helmet camera as she repairs a navigation device on a visiting spaceship 

Williams also made repairs to the 'rate gyro assembly', a key piece of equipment which helps the ISS stay in the same orientation (pictured)

Williams also made repairs to the 'rate gyro assembly', a key piece of equipment which helps the ISS stay in the same orientation (pictured)

Williams (left) will be joined by Butch Wilmore (right) for another spacewalk on January 23 to make repairs and take samples to see if bacteria are growing on the outside of the ISS

Williams (left) will be joined by Butch Wilmore (right) for another spacewalk on January 23 to make repairs and take samples to see if bacteria are growing on the outside of the ISS

NASA says the issue has now been fixed as has already announced a second EVA to take place next Thursday.

On January 23, Williams will be joined by her fellow stranded astronaut Butch Williams on a second spacewalk.

Their goal will be to remove a radio frequency group antenna assembly from the station’s truss and prepare a spare elbow joint for the Candarm2 robotic arm which is mounted on the station.

article image

Williams and Wilmore will also use the opportunity to take surface samples from the outside of the Destiny laboratory and the Quest airlock to see if any bacteria or fungi are growing on the ISS.

Last year, NASA found 13 strains of bacteria growing on the station that were not found anywhere on Earth.

Understanding bacteria in the harsh environment of space is key to learning how life might flourish on other planets and to protecting future space colonies against new diseases.

However, while Williams and Wilmore might be enjoying the chance to step outside the station, there is still a long way to go before they can return to Earth.

EXPLAINED: THE $100 BILLION INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION SITS 250 MILES ABOVE THE EARTH

The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion (£80 billion) science and engineering laboratory that orbits 250 miles (400 km) above Earth.

It has been permanently staffed by rotating crews of astronauts and cosmonauts since November 2000. 

Crews have come mainly from the US and Russia, but the Japanese space agency JAXA and European space agency ESA have also sent astronauts. 

The International Space Station has been continuously occupied for more than 20 years and has been expended with multiple new modules added and upgrades to systems

The International Space Station has been continuously occupied for more than 20 years and has been expended with multiple new modules added and upgrades to systems 

Research conducted aboard the ISS often requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit, such as low-gravity or oxygen.

ISS studies have investigated human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology.

The US space agency, NASA, spends about $3 billion (£2.4 billion) a year on the space station program, with the remaining funding coming from international partners, including Europe, Russia and Japan.

So far 244 individuals from 19 countries have visited the station, and among them eight private citizens who spent up to $50 million for their visit.

There is an ongoing debate about the future of the station beyond 2025, when it is thought some of the original structure will reach 'end of life'.

Russia, a major partner in the station, plans to launch its own orbital platform around then, with Axiom Space, a private firm, planning to send its own modules for purely commercial use to the station at the same time. 

NASA, ESA, JAXA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) are working together to build a space station in orbit around the moon, and Russia and China are working on a similar project, that would also include a base on the surface. 

An astronaut floats in the darkness outside of a space station, touching a part of the station to fix it. A flashlight coming from the astronaut lights up a circle on the white outside of the space station and the spacecraft docked near them.
This image, taken from NASA TV, shows astronaut Suni Williams working on the outside of the International Space Station on Thursday, just feet away from the parked SpaceX spacecraft. 
(NASA TV)

A woman in a NASA spacesuit inside a space station gives the camera a thumbs up and a smile. She is seen from the waist up.

In this photo provided by NASA, astronaut Suni Williams tries on and evaluates her spacesuit aboard the ISS on Jan. 9.

(NASA via The Associated Press)

An astronaut floats seemingly upside down, back at the top of the image, facing to the left. A bunch of equipment is behind them and the edges of the photo darken beyond the flashlight aimed at the astronaut.

In this image, made from NASA TV, Williams works outside the International Space Station on Thursday. It marked Williams's eighth spacewalk. 

(NASA TV/The Associated Press)

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Webb heeft mogelijk een nieuw type planeet ontdekt: maak kennis met de super-Venus!

Webb heeft mogelijk een nieuw type planeet ontdekt: maak kennis met de super-Venus!

GJ-1214-b-954x603_1.jpg

Nieuwe waarnemingen van de bekende exoplaneet GJ 1214 b wijzen op een koolstofdioxide-rijke atmosfeer, vergelijkbaar met die van Venus.

The Intriguing Exoplanet GJ 1214 b! Discovering Enaiposha: The Waterworld Exoplanet 🌌🌊

Er zijn inmiddels meer dan 5000 exoplaneten ontdekt rondom sterren buiten ons zonnestelsel. Veel van deze planeten verschillen flink van die in ons eigen zonnestelsel, wat het extra lastig maakt om hun werkelijke aard te doorgronden. Bekende voorbeelden zijn superaardes, hete Jupiters en sub-Neptunussen. In een nieuwe studie hebben onderzoekers een al bekende exoplaneet opnieuw onder de loep genomen om te bepalen in welke categorie deze thuishoort. Hun bevinding is verrassend: deze planeet lijkt namelijk in geen enkele bestaande categorie te passen.

Superaarde of sub-Neptunus?
Een van de meest voorkomende typen exoplaneten heeft een grootte tussen die van de aarde en Neptunus. Astronomen zijn er nog niet over uit of het gaat om rotsachtige, aardachtige planeten met dikke waterstofrijke atmosferen, of ijzige, Neptunus-achtige planeten met waterstofrijke atmosferen, ook wel waterwerelden genoemd. Eerdere studies werden bemoeilijkt door dikke wolkenlagen, die vaak voorkomen op dit type planeet en het lastig maken om de atmosfeer eronder te onderzoeken.

The Mysterious World of Gliese 1214 b. What Do We Know about Ocean Planets?

GJ 1214 b
Een internationaal team van onderzoekers heeft nu de krachtige James Webb-ruimtetelescoop gebruikt om door het dichte wolkenpak van een voorbeeld van dit type exoplaneet te turen, namelijk GJ 1214 b. Deze planeet, die op slechts 48 lichtjaar afstand van ons zonnestelsel ligt in de richting van het sterrenbeeld Slangendrager, is het ideale voorbeeld om dit type planeet nader te bestuderen.

Meer over GJ 1214 b
De exoplaneet GJ1214b werd in 2009 door astronomen ontdekt. Deze planeet heeft een diameter die 2,7 keer zo groot is als die van de aarde en weegt zeven keer zoveel. GJ1214b draait in ongeveer 38 uur om een rode dwergster, op een afstand van slechts 2,09 miljoen kilometer.

Maar in plaats van een waterstofrijke superaarde of een waterwereld, brachten de nieuwe gegevens concentraties koolstofdioxide (CO2) aan het licht. Deze niveaus lijken sterk op die in de dichte CO2-atmosfeer van Venus in ons zonnestelsel. Deze waarnemingen van een koolstofdioxide-rijke atmosfeer, vergelijkbaar met die van Venus, wijzen op de mogelijkheid van een planeetklasse die aanzienlijk verschilt van de superaardes en sub-Neptunussen die astronomen eerder hadden gesuggereerd.

Super-Venus
Dit zou kunnen betekenen dat Webb mogelijk een nieuw type planeet heeft ontdekt: de super-Venus. Maar onderzoekers houden vooralsnog een slag om de arm. “Het gedetecteerde CO2-signaal is klein”, legt onderzoeker Kazumasa Ohno uit. “Het vereiste een grondige statistische analyse om te bevestigen dat het echt is.”

‘Wat-als’-scenario’s
Om de ware aard van GJ1214b verder te ontrafelen, gebruikte Ohno theoretische modellen om talloze ‘wat als’-scenario’s voor de atmosfeer van de planeet door te rekenen. Van al deze modellen blijken de meest passende scenario’s een koolstofrijke atmosfeer te voorspellen, die lijkt op die van een ‘super-Venus’.

Boek
Toch is het laatste woord hier nog niet over gezegd. Onderzoeksleider Everett Schlawin vergelijkt het met het lezen van een boek. “Het is alsof je Leo Tolstojs Oorlog en Vrede leest”, zegt hij. “Stel je voor dat ik je twee exemplaren geef en in één van de boeken één zin verander – zou je die zin dan kunnen vinden?”

Hoewel de resultaten veelbelovend zijn, benadrukken de onderzoekers het belang van aanvullende studies om dit veelvoorkomende, maar mysterieuze type exoplaneet te bevestigen en verder uit te diepen.

Bronmateriaal

ANDERE GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S ( ENG. )

Clouds on the Super-Earth Exoplanet GJ 1214b

"GJ1214b" exoplanet sound

{ https://scientias.nl/ }

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This New UFO Whistleblower Blowing The Lid Off Everything Says He Saw An “Egg-Shaped UAP” With No Visible Propulsion System

Jake Barber UFO Whistleblower

This New UFO Whistleblower Blowing The Lid Off Everything Says He Saw An “Egg-Shaped 

In a new exclusive interview with investigative journalist Ross Coutlhart, Jake Barber, a US Air Force Veteran revealed that he saw an object that was white and egg-shaped. Mr. Barber said he has contracted as a helicopter pilot to retrieve all kinds of downed craft, some of which he believes are of nonhuman origin.

He shared the moment when he realized he was involved in recovering non-human technology, or alien technology. He explained that it became obvious when their communication procedures were changed, and when he saw the object on the ground. From its appearance, it was clear that the object was something extraordinary and different from anything human-made.

He was a helicopter pilot, and typically, he would work with a long line of about 150 to 200 feet. This time, he got within 150 feet of the object. When he got close enough, he saw something that looked like a white egg.

He was asked if there was any visible propulsion system on the object, but he said there was nothing like what we would recognize as an engine or any form of propulsion. He was operating at night, using night vision goggles. Even with the goggles, the object’s strange appearance remained clear. He would take the goggles off and on, examining the object from different angles to make sure he wasn’t imagining things.

When asked how he knew the egg-shaped object wasn’t from humans, Jake explained that, based on his experience and everything he had seen before, it looked completely out of the ordinary.

It didn’t match anything he had ever seen. His teammates also had the same reaction—they all knew they were dealing with something far beyond what they were used to.

Ross asked if he had ever been directly told that the craft was of non-human origin. Jake replied that in the years following the event, senior members of the UAP task force had confirmed that the object was, indeed, non-human in origin. He emphasized that this wasn’t a one-time, unique experience; similar things had been encountered before.

“Over the last couple years, it’s been confirmed to me by ranking members of the UAP task force that what we were working with that night was, in fact, NHI (nonhuman intelligence) and it was not a unique experience,” Barber said.

In the history of Ufology, the case of Lonnie Zamora was registered as the most authentic and well-documented UFO sighting in the United States. It is hard not to believe a police officer when he/she claims to have seen something not from this world. A police officer from Socorro named Lonnie Zamora witnessed a white Egg-shaped craft in New Mexico when he was chasing a high-speed vehicle in 1964.

On April 24, 1964, at around 5:45 p.m., Zamora was chasing an overspeed vehicle in his cruiser on the outskirts of his town. Suddenly, he was diverted by a loud roaring sound and noticed a flame in the sky.

Zamora said that the flame had been orange and bluish in color. He described it as “funnel-like.” He explained that he drove for half a mile and saw a white object on the ground.

“Thought that it might be a car that had turned over. Crossed to go out there to investigate, thought maybe somebody might be hurt. At that time, I saw this white, like an egg-shaped looking object.”

Initially, he thought that the object was an overturned car. He could also notice two humans near the object, examining it. As the police officer began approaching them, he understood that they were either large kids or small people. Besides, the object was of white aluminum color.

oval-shaped  craft
Illustration of oval-shaped craft witnessed by Lonnie Zamora

He contacted his station and told them about the situation. As soon as he tried to get out of the car, a roar was heard again and the craft started emitting blue flame. This noise scared him, and he thought there might be an explosion. So, he took cover and made his way back to his cruiser while keeping his eyes on the scene.

The craft was moving upward with an increasing sound, and Zamora could once again see an orange-bluish flame coming out from under the craft. He also said that the object had an oval shape without any door or windows.

What Can Explain This New Mexico UFO Sighting?

During his radio interview with Walter Shrode, Zamora said that the two people he had seen near the craft were not humans. The following is the conversation held between Zamora and Shrode.

SHRODE: Did they have helmets on like spacemen or anything?

ZAMORA: No sir, I wouldn’t say they were people, I just… I saw something white, white coveralls, that’s all I can say.

SHRODE: But you couldn’t identify them as actually being an actual human being, like you or I are?

ZAMORA: No sir, I couldn’t.

ZAMORA: It was very low to the ground, at the time I was seeing it, it was very low to the ground up to the perlite mill there, and then it started gaining in altitude.

There is no doubt about what Zamora had seen. Even the FBI investigated the case and discovered burned marks on the site where he had seen the craft land. The Air Force also recorded his case in detail for the Project Blue Book and concluded that they were definitely humans in white suits. What’s more, when the craft disappeared, another police officer Sergeant Sam Chavez arrived at the scene. He found his colleague totally lost and pale.

Read also:

According to the investigation conducted by NICAP officer Ray Stanford, there were more witnesses who heard the loud roar around the same time as claimed by Zamora. From the police records, he found out that three people had reported seeing a bright object in the sky.

On April 26, 1964, two days after Zamora’s case, a local farmer went to check on his horses as if something was bothering them. He said he had seen an object in the shape of a butane tank. He also noticed a bluish-orange flame, emitting from the bottom of the craft.

Additionally, in the Voronezh UFO landing case 1989, according to eyewitnesses, the object was oval, egg-shaped, approximately 15 meters long, and 6 meters high. The brightly-glowing ship stopped one meter above the ground, rocking back and forth. Four landing pillars emerged from the base of the object and sank to the ground.

After the landing, a hatch slowly opened, and two grim humanlike figures (one of them was 3-4 meters high) came out. The aliens were moving like robots. The shape of the aliens was described as boxes with arms and legs, and buttons were glowing on their chests.

At that very moment, a boy from the group of children playing nearby screamed in fear. The tall alien cast his gaze at him with his central eye, without moving his head. A light came out of his eye and hit the boy, which made him motionless for several minutes.

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KIJK. Indrukwekkende beelden tonen hoe puin ontplofte Starship-raket opbrandt in atmosfeer

KIJK. Indrukwekkende beelden tonen hoe puin ontplofte Starship-raket opbrandt in atmosfeer

Er zijn indrukwekkende beelden gemaakt van het puin van de Starship-raket die gisteren kort na de lancering in de Amerikaanse staat Texas ontplofte. Onder meer SpaceX-baas Elon Musk deelde een video die toonde hoe het ruimteschip uiteenviel in iets wat op een kleurrijke meteorenzwerm leek. “Succes is onzeker, maar entertainment gegarandeerd”, schreef hij erbij.

De (onbemande) raket ontkoppelde na bijna vier minuten vliegen zoals gepland van de Super Heavy draagraket, maar enkele minuten later verloren de missieteams het contact met het ruimteschip. De Super Heavy draagraket keerde zoals gepland terug naar de aarde, maar SpaceX meldde later dat Starship was geëxplodeerd.

Lees ook

Dat gebeurde boven de Turks- en Caicoseilanden, twee eilandengroepen in de Atlantische oceaan, ten zuidoosten van de Bahama’s. Onder meer een piloot van een commercieel vliegtuig en een getuige op de grond maakten indrukwekkende beelden van het vallende puin. Verschillende vliegtuigen in het gebied vertraagden of maakten een omweg om niet geraakt te worden.

RV
© RV

Volgens Musk wijzen de eerste vaststellingen in de richting van “een zuurstof-/brandstoflek in de ruimte boven de motorbrandwand van het schip”. Dat was groot genoeg om druk op te bouwen die de ontluchtingscapaciteit overschreed, meldt hij op zijn eigen socialemediaplatform X. “Naast dubbelchecken op lekken, zullen we brandbestrijdingssystemen aan de ruimte toevoegen en waarschijnlijk de ontluchtingsruimte vergroten.”

Normaal gezien zou de volgende lancering niet later dan volgende maand kunnen doorgaan.

AP
© AP

Starship wilde gisteren tien objecten in de ruimte brengen die qua grootte, vorm en gewicht de Starlink-satellieten nabootsten. Het is de bedoeling dat Starship-raketten die in de toekomst in een baan om de aarde brengen. Het was de eerste keer dat SpaceX probeerde om met dit type raket vracht in de ruimte te brengen.

De lancering vond enkele uren plaats na de succesvolle lancering van een raket van Blue Origin. Dit bedrijf werd opgericht door Jeff Bezos en wil concurreren met SpaceX, het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk.

LEES OOK.

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SpaceX Catches Booster But Loses Ship in Starship Test Flight

SpaceX's Starship Super Heavy booster comes in for a launch-tower catch at the Starbase launch site. (SpaceX via X)

SpaceX Catches Booster But Loses Ship in Starship Test Flight

SpaceX’s seventh flight test of its massive Starship launch system brought good news as well as not-so-great news.

The good news? The Super Heavy booster successfully flew itself back to the Texas launch site and was caught above the ground by the launch tower’s chopstick-style mechanical arms. That’s only the second “Mechazilla” catch to be done during the Starship test program. The bad news is that the upper stage, known as Ship 33, was lost during its ascent.

“Starship experienced a rapid unscheduled disassembly during its ascent burn. Teams will continue to review data from today’s flight test to better understand root cause,” SpaceX said in a post-mission posting to X. “With a test like this, success comes from what we learn, and today’s flight will help us improve Starship’s reliability.”

Today’s test marked the first use of an upper stage that was upgraded with a redesign of the avionics, the propulsion system and the forward control flaps. Ship 33’s heat shield featured next-generation protective tiles as well as a backup layer of heat-resistant material. SpaceX had removed some of the tiles for this flight as a stress test for the heat shield.

During the webcast, an onscreen graphic suggested that Ship experienced engine problems during its ascent. “We saw engines dropping out on telemetry,” launch commentator Dan Huot said.

In a posting to X, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said preliminary indications were that there was “an oxygen/fuel leak in the cavity above the ship engine firewall that was large enough to build pressure in excess of the vent capacity.”

“Apart from obviously double-checking for leaks, we will add fire suppression to that volume and probably increase vent area,” Musk wrote. “Nothing so far suggests pushing next launch past next month.”

After Ship’s breakup, eyewitnesses posted videos showing a glittering hail of debris falling to Earth. Reuters reported that at least 20 commercial aircraft had to divert to different airports or alter their course to dodge the debris.

In response to an emailed inquiry, the Federal Aviation Administration said it was aware of the anomaly that occurred during today’s flight test and would be assessing the operation. “The FAA briefly slowed and diverted aircraft around the area where space vehicle debris was falling,” the agency said via email. “Normal operations have resumed.”

If Ship had made it to space, it would have deployed 10 Starlink simulators that were about the same size and weight as SpaceX’s Starlink broadband satellites. This was meant to test the procedure that SpaceX plans to use to put scores of Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit during a single Starship mission.

At the end of the flight test, Ship would have made a controlled re-entry and splashdown into the Indian Ocean.

Starship is the world’s most powerful launch system, with the booster’s 33 methane-fueled Raptor engines providing liftoff thrust of 16.7 million pounds. That’s more than twice the thrust of the Apollo-era Saturn V rocket, and almost twice the thrust of NASA’s Space Launch System, which was first launched in 2022 for the uncrewed Artemis I moon mission.

When fully stacked, Starship stands 403 feet (123 meters) tall. The system is meant to be fully reusable. Flight tests began in 2023, and SpaceX has made gradual progress. The first successful catch of the Super Heavy booster thrilled observers last October — and like that catch, today’s catch drew cheers from SpaceX employees watching the launch.

This year, SpaceX aims to demonstrate full reuse of Super Heavy and Ship, and promises to fly “increasingly ambitious missions.” The Starship system would be used for large-scale satellite deployments — and eventually for missions beyond Earth orbit. A customized version of Starship is slated to serve as a crewed lunar landing system for NASA’s Artemis III mission, which is currently scheduled for no earlier than mid-2027.

Musk envisions sending Starships on missions to Mars, perhaps starting in 2026. “These will be uncrewed to test the reliability of landing intact on Mars,” he said last September in a posting to X.

“If those landings go well, then the first crewed flights to Mars will be in 4 years,” Musk said. “Flight rate will grow exponentially from there, with the goal of building a self-sustaining city in about 20 years.”

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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EXCLUSIVE - Americans reveal who they think is behind New Jersey's drone invasion in new poll

EXCLUSIVE - Americans reveal who they think is behind New Jersey's drone invasion in new poll

Americans have revealed who they think is really behind the mysterious drone sightings that have plagued New Jersey since November. 

Exclusive polling from DailyMail.com and J.L. Partners found that nearly half (45 percent) of people believe the bizarre activity was more than just recreational or normal drone use, with the majority (26 percent) of those respondents pointing to foreign surveillance.

The foreign powers mentioned were China or Russia, which has been suspected among lawmakers like Michael McCaul, R-Texas, who said some of the unidentified aircraft are 'spy drones.'

But 19 percent of Americans do believe the sightings are nothing more than hobby drones and 18 percent stated they are 'normal flying actives that have been exaggerated.'

There are some Americans (17 percent) who believe the drones were government surveillance tools, but 10 percent said the craft was actually protecting citizens. 

And a small eight percent are sure the drones are alien vehicles. 

While Americans have shared their take on the drones, the US government has yet to provide hard answers to what's invading the skies over New Jersey.

The FBI admitted that it does not know who is behind the flying objects, while the US military insisted it is not responsible. All while, the White House said it was 'closely monitoring the situation.'

Numerous 'car-sized' drones first appeared over New Jersey in mid-November, and have since been reported by eyewitnesses all across the Northeast

Numerous 'car-sized' drones first appeared over New Jersey in mid-November, and have since been reported by eyewitnesses all across the Northeast

Numerous 'car-sized' drones first appeared over New Jersey in mid-November, and have since been reported by eyewitnesses all across the Northeast, though the Garden State still appears to be the epicenter of the activity. 

The first sightings were over the US Army's Picatinny Arsenal and President-elect Donald Trump's golf course in Bedminster, which raised concerns the drones are part of spy campaign.

Indeed, the unidentified aircraft have been reported over multiple US military sites in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Texas, Virginia, Ohio, and even American bases in Germany and England.

But the White House said the sightings near or over Department of Defense (DoD) installations 'are not new.' 

'DoD takes unauthorized access over its airspace seriously and coordinates closely with federal, state, and local law enforcement authorities, as appropriate,' the statement continued.

The Department of Homeland Security, Department of Defense, Federal Aviation Administration and the FBI released a joint statement on the matter in mid-December.

The agencies said the sightings were 'a combination of lawful commercial drones, hobbyist drones, and law enforcement drones, as well as manned fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and stars mistakenly reported as drones.'

But McCaul has been very open in pushing back against these claims. 

Carlson did not provide details about the Beijing-operated GaoJing 1-02 satellite which he claimed the US shot down on December 21. It reentered Earth's atmosphere above New Orleans and headed north towards Mississippi, Arkansas and Missouri

Carlson did not provide details about the Beijing-operated GaoJing 1-02 satellite which he claimed the US shot down on December 21. It reentered Earth's atmosphere above New Orleans and headed north towards Mississippi, Arkansas and Missouri

He claimed the Asian nation has to be responsible after it was revealed that the communist state had been snapping up strategically placed farmland next to military installations across the US.

'I believe they're spy drones and the [People's Republic of China] and communist China is very good at this stuff. We know they bought land around military bases. This would be very consistent with their policy over the past couple of years,' he said.

'We're not getting answers and I think it's because our government does not know who is behind them and that is very disturbing to me.'

President-elect Donald Trump said last week that he would reveal the truth about the drones over New Jersey.

'Heavy' UAS movement reported at Wright Patterson AFB in Ohio

Trump makes bold prediction about drones and vows to release report

Read More

article image

'I'm going to give you a report on drones about one day into the administration because I think it's ridiculous that they're not telling you about what's going on with the drones,' Trump replied.

He went on to predict that it 'could be [the U.S.]' that's sending the drones, which he 'hopes is the cause' and 'not an enemy.'

This week, Tucker Carlson also claimed 'an intel person' told him that the drones 'were in fact Chinese,' explaining the US government took down a Chinese satellite 'that was a command and control satellite for these drones.'

Carlson appeared to hint at a Beijing-operated satellite known as GaoJing 1-02 which fell from space on December 21.

Others have pointed fingers at different foreign powers such as Iran and Russia.

But despite the wave of concern, the Pentagon has denied that a foreign country was behind the mysterious drones, even as they have been repeatedly spotted over sensitive US military sites.

White House national security spokesman John Kirby said in December there are more than one million drones registered in the US and 'there are thousands of commercial hobbyists and law enforcement drones that are lawfully in the sky on any given day,' suggesting the sightings were likely any of these.

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Geschreven door peter om 01:55 Stuur door

NASA astronaut spots 'two metallic spherical orbs' flying by his airplane over Texas

NASA astronaut spots 'two metallic spherical orbs' flying by his airplane over Texas

Leroy Chiao, who served as the commander of Expedition 10 to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2004 and 2005, was 9,000 feet in the air when objects 'zipped' on the left side of his airplane.

He said one flew on top of the other and each was about three feet in diameter. 

'It's just kinda dumb luck that they didn't hit me,' said Chiao.

The former NASA astronaut estimates that the orbs were only 'about 20 feet away.' 

'It could've been a bad result, if they had actually hit me,' Chiao said. 'It happened so quick, there wasn't even a chance to get scared.'

The NASA veteran, now an engineering consultant and entrepreneur, told NewsNation that the strange metallic orbs appeared to evade detection. 

'It wasn't on radar,' he noted, 'Air traffic control certainly didn't alert me. 

'[And] it wasn't on my display that shows other airplanes that are participating with the [Federal Aviation Administration] FAA-required transponders.' 

'I don't know what it was,' the baffled former astronaut confessed.

A former NASA astronaut has come forward to reveal that he personally witnessed 'two metallic spherical orbs' whizz by his plane while flying above Texas. Above, an example of a 'metallic sphere' weather balloon included in a 2023 report by NASA's UFO advisory panel

A former NASA astronaut has come forward to reveal that he personally witnessed 'two metallic spherical orbs' whizz by his plane while flying above Texas. Above, an example of a 'metallic sphere' weather balloon included in a 2023 report by NASA's UFO advisory panel

'It's just kinda dumb luck that they didn't hit me,' said Leroy Chiao (pictured), whose NASA missions saw him serve as the commander for Expedition 10 to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2004 and 2005. Chaio believes these strange metallic orbs were a top secret drone test

'It's just kinda dumb luck that they didn't hit me,' said Leroy Chiao (pictured), whose NASA missions saw him serve as the commander for Expedition 10 to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2004 and 2005. Chaio believes these strange metallic orbs were a top secret drone test

Chiao unpacked the details of his odd late-summer UFO encounter to The Hill on NewsNation, stating that he 'got a good look at them' but 'only for a second.'

'I was flying back from Colorado and I had just refueled in the panhandle of Texas in my small airplane,' Chiao recalled. 

'I was flying back to Houston on an instrument flight plan,' he said, referencing a more formal set of flight rules that are coordinated with FAA air traffic control along known and pre-established flight corridors.

But with the benefit of hindsight, the former astronaut believes that these orb UFOs are still not only 'mysterious' — but that the government's lack of transparency on these and other mystery drones over sensitive US sites has 'scary' implications.

'They could tell us what they know,' Chiao opined, 'and if they really don't know, that's a little more disconcerting.'

Citizens, police and politicians have all put forward theories on who or what is behind this recent wave of drone reports — from mass hysteria to foreign spies to space aliens — Chiao said that he leans toward it being a test of top secret US tech.

'My first guess is that it's some kind of military program, a drone of some kind,' he told NewsNation, 'but you know it's hard to say, right?'

'Frankly, I think whoever was operating the drone wasn't aware that I was there.' 

Above: a leaked US military image of what appears to be a metallic-looking orb flying over Mosul, Iraq in April 2016, included in a classified briefing video on UFOs shown to multiple US government agencies - according to the UFO reporter who obtained the image, Jeremy Corbell

Above: a leaked US military image of what appears to be a metallic-looking orb flying over Mosul, Iraq in April 2016, included in a classified briefing video on UFOs shown to multiple US government agencies - according to the UFO reporter who obtained the image, Jeremy Corbell 

While playing a 2022 military UFO video taken by an MQ-9 Reaper drone in the Mid East, Pentagon UFO-hunter Dr Sean Kirkpatrick told a NASA panel that: 'We see these ['metallic orbs'] all over the world, and we see these making very interesting apparent maneuvers'

While playing a 2022 military UFO video taken by an MQ-9 Reaper drone in the Mid East, Pentagon UFO-hunter Dr Sean Kirkpatrick told a NASA panel that: 'We see these ['metallic orbs'] all over the world, and we see these making very interesting apparent maneuvers'

Chao, who saw dealt with an interesting, but ultimately terrestrial 'UFO' case when he lived on board the ISS, said that he is personally concerned about some of the possible worst-case scenarios for America's late 2024 mystery drone wave.

'It is pretty mysterious,' he weighed in. 'It's hard to believe that our government doesn't really know what's going on.'

'At first blush, to me, it seems like some kind of a military program, our military,' he continued, 'and if it's not that, then it gets a little more scary.'

Chiao said that the past month of drone sightings over New Jersey and nearby states, as well as those over US military bases at home and abroad, seem 'way too widespread and organized to be some kind of a prank.'

He added that he feels the Pentagon and the rest of the federal government 'could be a little more transparent.' 

The FBI and other agencies are investigating the alleged drones, but a representative from the Department of Homeland Security said Wednesday, Dec. 11: 'We have no more information as to where these drones are coming from, where they're launching from, where they're landing'

The FBI and other agencies are investigating the alleged drones, but a representative from the Department of Homeland Security said Wednesday, Dec. 11: 'We have no more information as to where these drones are coming from, where they're launching from, where they're landing'

article image

In New Jersey, Belleville Mayor Michael Melham has also become a vocal critic of the federal government's lack of candor on the drone mystery, calling their response 'disappointing, to say the least.'

'Over 500 mayors were invited to an unprecedented 'mayors-only' briefing on such an important topic,' Mayor Melham told local network WABC last week.

'Many northern NJ mayors traveled nearly three hours round trip, on short notice, to be there,' he explained, 'only to learn what could have easily been said over a Zoom call. Many walked out.'

Journalist and author Michael Shellenberger, who testified to Congress last month on his reports of a hidden UFO data collection program, obtained a recording of the meeting, in which one NJ mayor complained of SUV-sized drones.

'The mayors are livid,' Shellenberger told Fox News. 'One of them got up there and said, 'I had two automobile-sized drones hovering over my house.'' 

Metallic orb UFOs have been the most common type of case reported by US military witnesses according to the first director of the Pentagon's UFO-hunting All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO), ex-CIA physicist Dr Sean Kirkpatrick. 

'We see these ['metallic orbs'] all over the world,' Dr Kirkpatrick told NASA's UFO advisory group last year, 'and we see these making very interesting apparent maneuvers.'

After mysterious bright lights, according to AARO's most recent annual report, orb or spherical UFOs were still the most commonly reported this year at 22 percent of all US military sightings. 

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Air Force vet shockingly describes how he helped retrieve a UFO for the US government

An Air Force veteran has made shocking claims about UFOs and alien retrieval programs long-rumored to be operated by the US government.

Jake Barber said he was working for the government to assist downed craft when one night, the 'communication process and procedure was modified' and he witnessed something that he believes was of extraterrestrial origin. 

He was told to fly a helicopter to a specific area when came 150 feet from an 'egg-shaped' object with no engine or thermal signals.

'I saw an egg, a white egg,' the pilot explained. 'It's inconsistent with anything I'd ever seen before,' Barber told NewsNation.

His next order was to retrieve it from the ground, which he said was when he knew for sure the craft was not of this world. 

'I can also tell you that the reaction by my team, we all knew we were dealing with something extraordinary,' the pilot said.

'Over the last couple of years, it's been confirmed to me by ranking members of the UAP task force that what we were working with that night was, in fact, NHI [non-human intelligence] and it was not a unique experience,' he said.

UAP stands for 'unidentified anomalous phenomena' and is a term used by the Department of Defense to describe mysterious objects in the sky. 

Three high-level military veterans are said to corroborate Barber's story, according to NewsNation.

Jake Barber, now a chief helicopter pilot in California, said he has witnessed alien craft while working for a secret UFO retrieval program

Jake Barber, now a chief helicopter pilot in California, said he has witnessed alien craft while working for a secret UFO retrieval program

He spoke with NewsNation special network correspondent Ross Coulthart in his first whistleblower interview. 

When asked exactly how he knew the 'egg' was of alien origin, Barber said: 'Just visually looking at the object on the ground, you could tell that it was extraordinary and anomalous. It was it was not human.

Barber's LinkedIn profile states he is a 'disabled veteran,' but the account does not list his years in the Air Force. 

The page shows that he is from California where he works as a chief pilot at San Joaquin Helicopters & Coastal Helicopters.

The full interview with Barber, titled 'Hunting UFOs: The Crash Retrieval Whistleblower,' is set to air on Saturday, January 18th at 8pm ET.

Barber's description matched another witness report from 1957 when two Civil Aeronautics Administration controllers in the tower at New Mexico's Kirtland Air Force Base saw 'an egg-shaped object.' 

M. Kaser and E. G. Brink claimed they witnessed a white light traveling eastwards across the runway, left, then crossed other runways and areas of the airfield.

They claimed the mysterious object did not have wings, a tail or a fuselage, and was elongated vertically. 

Many military personnel claimed to have witnessed UFOs. This image, obtained April 28, 2020, was taken by Navy pilots in 2017.  Navy Cmdr David Fravor, who saw it, testified under oath in a hearing where he discussed the experience

Many military personnel claimed to have witnessed UFOs. This image, obtained April 28, 2020, was taken by Navy pilots in 2017.  Navy Cmdr David Fravor, who saw it, testified under oath in a hearing where he discussed the experience

And it appeared to be 12 to 20 feet tall, according to a report in UFO Evidence. 

article image

The men reported the object was about the size of an automobile standing on its nose, and had a single white light at its base.

'When the object was about 3000 feet ENE of the tower, it stopped completely and hovered for about a minute,' reads the case report.

'Then it began moving again, slowly at first, but then suddenly climbing at an extremely rapid rate of speed until it disappeared into the overcast sky. 

'The object was in clear view at all time, with no intervening obstructions, according to the two men.' 

They requested the radar control team track the object as it moved east, with radar showing it turning south at very high speeds 'until it reached the vicinity of the Albuquerque Low-Frequency Range Station, where it circled for several minutes.'

The object was then said to circle back to the Air Force base and follow behind a plane that had just taken off if to avoid detection. 

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Het regent diamanten op meer dan 1900 exoplaneten, veel meer dan gedacht

Het regent diamanten op meer dan 1900 exoplaneten, veel meer dan gedacht

0fd3276f-408d-0b33-c977-f801d6efb40d.jpg

Zelfs in de ruimte waar er allerlei bizarre dingen gebeuren, was diamantregen lange tijd iets bijzonders. Maar het blijkt veel minder zeldzaam dan gedacht. Op zeker 1900 exoplaneten kan het diamanten regenen.

Tot die conclusie komen astronomen na experimenten op Aarde, waaruit blijkt dat diamanten al bij veel minder hoge temperaturen kunnen ontstaan dan tot nu toe werd aangenomen. Het maakt dat diamantregen op de ijzige werelden in onze kosmos weleens een vrij normaal fenomeen zou kunnen zijn.

Verwarring
Koolstof heeft hoge druk en veel hitte nodig om te veranderen in diamant. Maar tot nu was er wat verwarring over hóé hard het element samengeperst en verhit moet worden om diamant te kunnen vormen op ijsplaneten, zoals Uranus en Neptunus.

Er waren altijd twee soorten experimenten om dat te onderzoeken. Ten eerste kun je koolstof samenpersen door het bloot te stellen aan een plotse schok. Maar je kunt ook de koolstofbestanddelen in een ruimte leggen en langzaam samendrukken. Tot nu toe was het zo dat er in het eerste geval veel hogere temperaturen en meer druk vereist waren om de diamanten te vormen.

Nieuw trucje
Maar nu hebben ze in de VS geprobeerd om die twee methodes te combineren. Aan het SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in Californië besloot onderzoeker Mungo Frost samen met collega’s polystyreen – dezelfde polymeer waar ook Styrofoam van is gemaakt – samen te drukken tussen twee diamanten en die dan te verhitten met röntgenlicht. Zo zagen ze dat de diamanten zich al uit het polystyreen begonnen te vormen bij temperaturen van rond de 2200 graden en een druk van rond de 19 gigapascal. Dat zijn omstandigheden die vergelijkbaar zijn met het oppervlakkige binnenste van Uranus en Neptunus.

En dat is een veel lagere druk dan die eerder noodzakelijk werd geacht voor de vorming van diamanten bij de schoksgewijze samenpersing. De reactie duurde langer dan bij de eerdere experimenten. Dat kan verklaren waarom destijds de diamantvorming onder lagere druk niet is opgemerkt. “Het kwam niet overeen met eerdere resultaten en we hadden niet verwacht dit te zien, maar het paste eigenlijk goed en bracht soort van alles bij elkaar”, legt Frost uit. “Het blijkt allemaal met verschillende tijdschalen te maken te hebben.”

Diamanten op exoplaneten
Maar wat heeft dit nu te maken met diamantregen op exoplaneten? Nou, een heleboel dus. Het betekent dat het ook op kleinere planeten diamanten kan regenen, iets dat tot nu toe voor onmogelijk werd gehouden. Van de 5600 bekende exoplaneten kan het op meer dan 1900 exemplaren diamanten regenen, op meer dan een derde dus.

Bovendien kunnen diamanten binnen ons zonnestelsel op minder grote diepte gevormd worden dan gedacht. Dat verandert wat we weten over de dynamiek in het binnenste van grote planeten. Doordat de diamanten minder diep gevormd worden, kan de diamantregen door een laag ijs zakken als die naar de kern van deze planeten zinkt. Dat zou weer impact hebben op de magnetische velden van deze ijswerelden, iets waar we nog weinig van weten. De ontdekking leidt dus misschien wel tot meer vragen dan antwoorden.

Wat is diamant?
Diamant is zo ver we weten het hardste materiaal dat op Aarde in de natuur voorkomt. Het is een mineraal dat ontstaat door de kristallisering van koolstof. Op Aarde worden diamanten onder hoge druk en enorme hitte gevormd op zo’n 140 tot 190 kilometer diepte. Door vulkaanuitbarstingen komen ze aan de oppervlakte. Op onze eigen planeet vinden we diamanten alleen in de grond, maar op bijvoorbeeld Uranus en Jupiter regent het diamanten. Daardoor kan er zelfs een hele vreemde toestand van water ontstaan, die wordt omschreven als ‘superheet, zwart ijs’, zoals we eerder al schreven. Een zwart ijsblokje is vier keer zo zwaar als een gewoon ijsblokje en heeft een temperatuur van duizenden graden Celsius.

Bronmateriaal

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Colliding Stars, Stellar Siphoning, and a now a “Blue Lurker.” This Star System has Seen it All

Colliding Stars, Stellar Siphoning, and a now a “Blue Lurker.” This Star System has Seen it All

Triple star systems are more common than might be imagined – about one in ten of every Sun-like star is part of a system with two other stars. However, the dynamics of such a system are complex, and understanding the history of how they came to be even more so. Science took a step towards doing so with a recent paper by Emily Leiner from the Illinois Institute of Technology and her team.

They examined a star called WOCS 14020 in the star cluster M67, which is about 2,800 light years away from Earth. It is currently orbiting a massive white dwarf star with a mass of about .76 times that of the Sun (about 50% heavier than a typical white dwarf). That pairing hints at a much more interesting past.

Dr. Leiner and her team believe that WOCS 14020 was originally part of a triple star system—specifically, that it orbited a binary pair of much larger stars. Around 500 million years ago, the two stars in the binary merged, briefly creating a much more massive star that pushed some of its material onto its third companion star.

Fraser talks about stellar collisions, which caused WOCS 14020’s current state.

Absorbing that material caused WOCS 14020 to start speeding up its spin. It now rotates once every four days, rather than typically once every thirty days, which is common to other Sun-like stars. This faster rotation feature is key to Dr. Leiner and her team’s classification of the star – a “blue lurker.”

To understand what that classification means, we must first understand another type of star, the blue straggler. Blue stragglers are stars that also have gained mass from another star and appear hotter, brighter, and “bluer” than they would be expected to be given their age. In this case, all three features are directly tied together, as a hotter star is more likely to be brighter and would give off more light in the blue part of the visible spectrum, though it would still appear almost exactly like the Sun to the naked eye.

Blue lurkers are a sub-set of blue stragglers – they also gained mass from a star, but they spin faster instead of being hotter and brighter. This makes this difficult to distinguish in a cluster like M67, as they blend in better with the other surrounding stars, hence the name “lurker.” However, they are relatively rare – out of the 400 main sequence stars in M67, only around 11 are estimated to be “blue lurkers.” That puts the total, even in a space as congested as M67, at only around 3% of stars. Blue lurkers likely make up less than 1% of the general population.

A video explaining blue straggler stars.
Credit – Cosmos:elementary YouTube Channel

Since their evolutionary histories are likely to advance our understanding of the dynamics of the systems that created them, astronomers will spend more time analyzing these blue lurkers when they find them. Unique cases like WOCS 14020, where astronomers have a pretty good idea of the system’s evolutionary history, are instrumental in that regard, and the paper, which was presented at the ongoing 245th American Astronomical Society meeting, was a step towards that greater understanding.

Learn More:

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The Gaia Mission’s Science Operations are Over

ESA’s Milky Way-mapper Gaia has completed the sky-scanning phase of its mission, racking up more than three trillion observations of about two billion stars and other objects over the last decade to revolutionise our view of our home galaxy and cosmic neighbourhood.

The Gaia Mission’s Science Operations are Over

The ESA has announced that Gaia’s primary mission is coming to an end. The spacecraft’s fuel is running low, and the sky-scanning phase of its mission is over. The ground-breaking mission has taken more than three trillion observations of two billion objects, mostly stars.

The ESA launched Gaia in December 2013. It’s an astrometry mission that measures the positions, motions, and distances of stars with extreme accuracy. It created the largest and most accurate 3D map of space ever, including about one billion objects, mostly stars but also quasars, comets, asteroids, and planets.

Gaia’s mission lasted twice as long as expected, and its data has changed astronomy. It serves as the foundation for many new discoveries and insights into the Milky Way. Astronomy and astrophysics would be far behind where they are now if it weren’t for Gaia. Regular Universe Today readers have encountered its data frequently.

“Today marks the end of science observations and we are celebrating this incredible mission that has exceeded all our expectations, lasting for almost twice its originally foreseen lifetime,” says ESA Director of Science Carole Mundell. “The treasure trove of data collected by Gaia has given us unique insights into the origin and evolution of our Milky Way galaxy, and has also transformed astrophysics and Solar System science in ways that we are yet to fully appreciate. Gaia built on unique European excellence in astrometry and will leave a long-lasting legacy for future generations.”

Gaia hasn’t always had it easy at its position at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, about 1.5 million kilometres from Earth. In April 2024, a tiny micrometeorite smaller than a grain of sand struck, puncturing a tiny hole in the satellite’s protective cover. The hole allowed a tiny bit of sunlight into the spacecraft, disrupting its sensors. In May 2024, a solar storm struck, and it suffered an electronics malfunction that led to an inordinately high number of false detections. In both cases, Gaia recovered and continued normal operations.

Gaia has three instruments that allow it to be so accurate. Its astrometric instrument (ASTRO) determines the positions of stars in the sky. By measuring the same stars multiple times over different years, Gaia can measure a star’s position and proper motion.

Gaia’s radial velocity spectrometer (RVS) measures the Doppler shift of a star’s absorption lines. This reveals the star’s velocity along Gaia’s line of sight.

The photometric instrument (BP/RP) provides colour information on stars, allowing astronomers to measure critical stellar characteristics like mass, chemical composition, and temperature.

These instruments have worked together to create the largest and most accurate map of the Milky Way ever.

A model image of what our home galaxy, the Milky Way, might look like face-on: as viewed from above the disc of the galaxy, with its spiral arms and bulge in full view. In the centre of the galaxy, the bulge shines as a hazy oval, emitting a faint golden gleam. Starting at the central bulge, several glistening spiral arms coil outwards, creating a perfectly circle-shaped spiral. They give the impression of someone having sprinkled pastel purple glitter on the pitch-black background in the shape of sparkling, curled-up snakes. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, Stefan Payne-Wardenaar A model image of what our home galaxy, the Milky Way, might look like face-on: as viewed from above the disc of the galaxy, with its spiral arms and bulge in full view. In the centre of the galaxy, the bulge shines as a hazy oval, emitting a faint golden gleam. Starting at the central bulge, several glistening spiral arms coil outwards, creating a perfectly circle-shaped spiral. They give the impression of someone having sprinkled pastel purple glitter on the pitch-black background in the shape of sparkling, curled-up snakes. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC, Stefan Payne-Wardenaar

Among its other achievements, Gaia has captured pinpoint precision orbits of more than 150,000 asteroids, accurate enough to uncover possible moons. It also discovered a new type of black hole revealed only through its gravitational influence on nearby stars.

Though its science operations are at an end, it still has data to deliver.

“After 11 years in space and surviving micrometeorite impacts and solar storms along the way, Gaia has finished collecting science data. Now all eyes turn towards the preparation of the next data releases,” says Gaia Project Scientist Johannes Sahlmann.

“This is the Gaia release the community has been waiting for, and it’s exciting to think this only covers half of the collected data.”

Antonella Vallenari, Deputy Chair of DPAC, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Padua, Italy.

Gaia’s Data Release 4 (DR4) is expected in 2026. The volume and quality of data have increased with each DR. DR 4 should contain 500 terabytes of data covering the mission’s first 5.5 years, corresponding to the length of the mission’s originally foreseen duration.

“This is the Gaia release the community has been waiting for, and it’s exciting to think this only covers half of the collected data,” says Antonella Vallenari, Deputy Chair of DPAC based at the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Astronomical Observatory of Padua, Italy. “Even though the mission has now stopped collecting data, it will be business as usual for us for many years to come as we make these incredible datasets ready for use.”

The data release will feature more binary stars and exoplanets, among other things.

The Milky Way. This image is constructed from data from the ESA's Gaia mission, which is mapping over one billion of the galaxy's stars. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC The Milky Way. This image is constructed from data from the ESA’s Gaia mission, which is mapping over one billion of the galaxy’s stars. Image Credit: ESA/Gaia/DPAC

Gaia’s final data release, DR5, is a few years away. “Over the next months we will continue to downlink every last drop of data from Gaia, and at the same time the processing teams will ramp up their preparations for the fifth and final major data release at the end of this decade, covering the full 10.5 years of mission data,” says Rocio Guerra, Gaia Science Operations Team Leader based at ESA’s European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) near Madrid in Spain.

Though the fuel that allows it to point itself with such accuracy is almost gone, Gaia won’t meet its demise just yet. It still has enough fuel for about 15 days of operations. Instead of using its final 15 days to take more astrometric measurements, it’s going to do some technology testing.

“The Gaia spacecraft has been constructed using a wide range of technologies which have been combined to create a unique machine that operates in a very stable environment,” the ESA explains. “The spacecraft’s stability is essential for the science observations. These technology tests would have disrupted the spacecraft for an extended period and, therefore, could not be performed during the normal science observation campaign.”

These tests will teach engineers more about Gaia’s instruments and will allow engineers to study their behaviour and the behaviour of the spacecraft as a whole. The goal is to improve the calibrations for future Gaia data releases. They will also inform the design of the next mission.

“Some of the Gaia technologies have already been re-used, for example the mirror-drive electronics and cold-gas thrusters on EUCLID,” the ESA writes. Other future missions like LISA will require extreme accuracy, and the results of these tests can help them achieve that.

Once its testing is complete, Gaia will be placed in a heliocentric orbit far away from Earth’s influence. At the end of March 2025, it will be passivated to avoid any potential harm or disruption to other spacecraft.

Though the mission will end, Gaia’s data will be used for decades. So, in that sense, it will live on.

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Astronomers See Flares Coming from the Milky Way’s Supermassive Black Hole

This artist’s conception of the mid-IR flare in Sgr A* captures the variability, or changing intensity, of the flare as the black hole’s magnetic field lines bunch together. This bunching results in magnetic reconnection, which produces particles and energy that spiral along the magnetic field lines until they cool and release their energy, spiking the intensity of the flare. Credit: CfA/Melissa Weiss

Astronomers See Flares Coming from the Milky Way’s Supermassive Black Hole

There’s plenty of action at the center of the galaxy, where a supermassive black hole (SMBH) known as Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) literally holds the galaxy together. Part of that action is the creation of gigantic flares from Sgr A*, which can give off energy equivalent to 10 times the Sun’s annual energy output. However, scientists have been missing a key feature of these flares for decades – what they look like in the mid-infrared range. But now, a team led by researchers at Harvard’s Center for Astrophysics and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy has published a paper that details what a flare looks like in those frequencies for the first time.

Astronomers have been observing Sgr A* since the 1990s and have known about the flares, which were initially seen as variances in the SMBH’s brightness. It has been observed with all manner of telescopes, including the Chandra X-ray observatory and, perhaps most famously, the Event Horizon Telescope, which was responsible for the famous first image of M87*, another black hole at the center of the Messier galaxy. EHT also released an image from Sgr A* itself in May of 2022.

So far, those observations have been in visible light through infrared and from far infrared up through X-rays. There has always been a gap in the middle of the infrared range. Several factors explain this gap.

Fraser talks about imaging Sgr A*

First, Sgr A* is relatively weak in the mid-infrared range compared to other ranges, so it doesn’t stand out as much against the background noise of the universe. Second, much of the mid-infrared emissions get obscured by the dust cloud surrounding the SMBH at the galaxy’s center, blocking it from detectors at Earth 28,000 light years away. Third, there were technological limitations to infrared sensors themselves. There were ground-based telescopes that could have detected the signal, but the Earth’s atmosphere blocked even more of it.

That required scientists to wait for the long-delayed James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). When it finally launched in late 2021, it was only a matter of time before they would get observational time to watch Sgr A* and hopefully observe a flare with the most powerful infrared detector ever launched into orbit. 

JWST did indeed get observational time with Sgr A* and saw a flare, representing the first-ever recording of a flare in the mid-infrared range. But the research team didn’t stop there – they were also watching with several other telescopes for confirmation of the JWST signal.

Fraser talks about other features of Sgr A*

They didn’t find any in the X-ray range with Chandra, though that was probably because the flare wasn’t strong enough to emit a significant amount of X-rays. But they did see a signal from the Sub-Millimeter Array (SMA) in Hawai’i, which detected radio waves following along about 10 minutes behind the detected mid-infrared signal.

That confirmation was necessary because it allowed the experimentalists to provide even more insight about the same flare to the theoreticians. Their job is then to confirm the models and simulations of what causes the flares in the first place. The current theory is that they occur when magnetic field lines in the SMBH’s accretion disk join up and emit massive amounts of radiation in a process known as synchrotron emission. In synchrotron emission, a bunch of charged particles – typically electrons – get pushed down the magnetic field lines like they were part of a massive particle accelerator.

The data from JWST fits nicely into that theory. However, there appear to be additional unanswered questions about whether that feature was specific to Sgr A* or whether it could be observed for other SMBHs such as M87*. For now, that remains to be seen, though given the interest in this particular black hole in this specific wavelength, while this might have been the first study published on the topic, it probably won’t be the last.

Learn More:

Lead Image:

  • This artist’s conception of the mid-IR flare in Sgr A* captures the variability, or changing intensity, of the flare as the black hole’s magnetic field lines approach each other. The byproduct of this magnetic reconnection is synchrotron emission. The emission seen in the flare intensifies as energized electrons travel along the SMBH’s magnetic field lines at close to the speed of light. The labels mark how the flare’s spectral index changes from the beginning to the end of the flare.
    Credit: CfA/Mel Weiss
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Recent Observations Challenge our Understanding of Giant Black Holes

Artist's impression of a white dwarf embedded in the disk of a giant black hole. Credit: NASA/Sonoma State University, Aurore Simonnet

Recent Observations Challenge our Understanding of Giant Black Holes

Black holes are among the most mysterious and powerful objects in the Universe. These behemoths form when sufficiently massive stars reach the end of their life cycle and experience gravitational collapse, shedding their outer layers in a supernova. Their existence was illustrated by the work of German astronomer Karl Schwarzschild and Indian-American physicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar as a consequence of Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity. By the 1970s, astronomers confirmed that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside at the center of massive galaxies and play a vital role in their evolution.

However, only in recent years were the first images of black holes acquired by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). These and other observations have revealed things about black holes that have challenged preconceived notions. In a recent study led by a team from MIT, astronomers observed oscillations that suggested an SMBH in a neighboring galaxy was consuming a white dwarf. But instead of pulling it apart, as astronomical models predict, their observations suggest the white dwarf was slowing down as it descended into the black hole – something astronomers have never seen before!

The study was led by Megan Masterson, a PhD student from the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. She was joined by researchers from the Nucleo de Astronomia de la Facultad de Ingenieria, the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (KIAA-PU), the Center for Space Science and Technology (CSST), and the Joint Space-Science Institute at the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), the Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB), the Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, and multiple universities.

From what astronomers have learned about black holes, these gravitational behemoths are surrounded by infalling matter (gas, dust, and even light) that form swirling, bright disks. This material and energy is accelerated to near the speed of light, causing it to release heat and radiation (mostly in the ultraviolet) as it slowly accretes onto the black hole’s “face.” These UV rays interact with a cloud of electrically charged plasma (the corona) surrounding the black hole, which boosts the rays’ into the X-ray wavelength.

Since 2011, NASA’s XMM-Newton has been observing 1ES 1927+654, a galaxy located 236 million light-years away in the constellation Draco with a black hole of 1.4 million Solar masses Suns at its center. In 2018, the X-ray corona mysteriously disappeared, followed by a radio outburst and a rise in its X-ray output—what is known as Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO). UMBC associate professor Eileen Meyer, a co-author of this latest study, also recently released a paper describing these radio outbursts.

“In 2018, the black hole began changing its properties right before our eyes, with a major optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray outburst,” she said in a NASA press release. “Many teams have been keeping a close eye on it ever since.” Meyer presented her team’s findings at the 245th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS), which took place from January 12th to 16th, 2025, in National Harbor, Maryland. By 2021, the corona reappeared, and the black hole seemed to return to its normal state for about a year.

However, from February to May 2024, radio data revealed what appeared to be jets of ionized gas extending for about half a light-year from either side of the SMBH. “The launch of a black hole jet has never been observed before in real time,” Meyer noted. “We think the outflow began earlier, when the X-rays increased prior to the radio flare, and the jet was screened from our view by hot gas until it broke out early last year.” A related paper about the jet co-authored by Meyer and Masterson was also presented at the 245th AAS.

Artist’s impression of the ESA’s XMM-Newton mission in space. Credit: ESA-C. Carreau

In addition, observations gathered in April 2023 showed a months-long increase in low-energy X-rays, which indicated a strong and unexpected radio flare was underway. Intense observations were mounted in response by the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and other facilities, including XMM-Newton. Thanks to the XMM-Newton observations, Masterson found that the black hole exhibited extremely rapid X-ray variations of 10% between July 2022 and March 2024. These oscillations are typically very hard to detect around SMBHs, suggesting that a massive object was rapidly orbiting the SMBH and slowly being consumed.

“One way to produce these oscillations is with an object orbiting within the black hole’s accretion disk. In this scenario, each rise and fall of the X-rays represents one orbital cycle,” Masterson said. Additional calculations also showed that the object is probably a white dwarf of about 0.1 solar masses orbiting at a velocity of about 333 million km/h (207 million mph). Ordinarily, astronomers would expect the orbital period to shorten, producing gravitational waves (GWs) that drain the object’s orbital energy and bring it closer to the black hole’s outer boundary (the event horizon).

However, the same observations conducted between 2022 and 2024 showed the fluctuation period dropped from 18 minutes to 7, and the velocity increased to half the speed of light (540 million km/h; 360 million mph). Then, something truly odd and unexpected followed: the oscillations stabilized. As Masterson explained:

“We were shocked by this at first. But we realized that as the object moved closer to the black hole, its strong gravitational pull could begin to strip matter from the companion. This mass loss could offset the energy removed by gravitational waves, halting the companion’s inward motion.”

Artist’s impression of two neutron stars at the point at which they merge and explode as a kilonova. Credit: University of Warwick/Mark Garlick

This theory is consistent with what astronomers have observed with white dwarf binaries spiraling toward each other and destined to merge. As they got closer to each other, instead of remaining intact, one would begin to pull matter off the other, which slowed down the approach of the two objects. While this could be the case here, there is no established theory for explaining what Masterson, Meyer, and their colleagues observed. However, their model makes a key prediction that could be tested when the ESA’s Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) launches in the 2030s.

“We predict that if there is a white dwarf in orbit around this supermassive black hole, LISA should see it,” says Megan. The preprint of Masterson and her team’s paper recently appeared online and will be published in Nature on February 15th, 2025.

Further Reading: 

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The Black Knight Satellite: A Perplexing Alien Visitor in Orbit - Part 1

The Black Knight Satellite, image produced by author.

The Black Knight Satellite: A Perplexing Alien Visitor in Orbit - Part 1

The Black Knight satellite, a peculiar object that has allegedly been orbiting Earth for thousands of years, has sparked great speculation, debate, and fascination among conspiracy theorists and astronomers alike for well over a century since it was first detected.

Is it a classified United States military project, a derelict Cold War-era Russian spy satellite lost in the vastness of space, or an extraterrestrial probe monitoring Earth?

The Black Knight Emerges

When Russian Cosmonaut, Sergei Krikalev, who was a part of the six-member crew of the NASA STS-88 Endeavour mission looked out of the shuttle window to take photographs of an unknown object following NASA’s protocol for UFO sightings, little could he have imagined the incredible excitement and controversy his actions would cause back on Earth.

Although Krikalev was not the first to capture the strange-looking object on camera, his effort arguably produced the clearest pictures of the purported Black Knight Satellite in a hundred years. Intriguingly, those sensational photographs were published by NASA on their official website.

Russian Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who was a part of the six-member crew of the NASA STS-88 Endeavour mission in December 1998.

(NASA).

Ufologists relished the opportunity to scrutinize the pictures, declaring they proved the Black Knight Satellite was no figment of imagination; and, that as they had contended all along, it was an object of alien origin, sent to surveil Earth from afar for undetermined purposes

The “Dark Satellite” or “Black Knight Satellite” grabbed the attention of scientists in the early days of space exploration during the 1950s, when puzzling signals were detected in near-polar orbit of the Earth.

It was a time of heightened tensions between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Inexplicable occurrences, whose sequence appears to have been orchestrated by some unseen hand, happened on the back of a series of events involving the United States.

An aerial photograph of the Trinity crater shortly after the atomic bomb test in 1945. White Sands, New Mexico.

(Public Domain).

These unprecedented episodes broadly include: The Battle of Los Angeles during the Second World War in February 1942; the detonation of the first atomic bomb in White Sands Proving Ground, New Mexico, in July 1945; the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of the same year; sightings of odd, aerial objects by pilot Kenneth Arnold in Washington State in June 1947, which were termed “flying saucers” in the Press; the alleged crash of an extraterrestrial disc and the subsequent retrieval of alien bodies in Roswell, New Mexico in July 1947, and finally the UFO sightings over Washington, D.C. on two consecutive Saturday nights in July 1952 that caused widespread fear in the Nation’s Capital.

A noteworthy addition to this list is the considerable panic that ensued during an October 1938 Halloween radio broadcast. Directed and chillingly narrated by Orson Welles, a radio dramatization of ‘The War of the Worlds,’ the classic sci-fi novel penned by H. G. Wells, left terrified listeners thinking a Martian invasion was underway.

All these events were still fresh in people’s minds and sightings of UFOs or unidentified flying objects became a regular feature, what with the paranoid citizenry having their eyes glued to the skies.

The 1950s were also an era when the possibility of life on other planets and alien visitations began to enter public consciousness more than it ever had over the past half-a-century. Newspaper reports and magazine articles, science fiction novels and Hollywood movies, and, of course, Ufology societies kept everyone informed and on the edge of their seats.

A reprint of ‘The War of the Worlds’ was featured on the cover of the July 1951 issue of Famous Fantastic Mysteries. 

(Public Domain).

Clear Signs in the 1950s

On May 14, 1954, bang in the middle of the Cold War, the Aviation Week & Space Technology magazine reported that the United States Air Force had detected “at least one and possibly two artificial satellites circling the Earth” and that they were being kept under close observation.

In the normal course, such news would have constituted run-of-the-mill reportage, hardly raising eyebrows among the public. Though it would doubtless have caused alarm in the defense department and echelons of political power, if these objects were assumed to be spy satellites.

But the Aviation Week article sent chills down everyone’s spines, because at the time it was published humans had still not achieved the capability to launch satellites in orbit.

Cover of the 1950 book 'The Flying Saucers Are Real' by Donald Keyhoe, one of the world’s first true ufologists.

(Public Domain).

The shocking information about the mysterious satellites was revealed by Donald Edward Keyhoe, a Marine Corps Major-turned-UFO researcher and founder of The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena or NICAP, who claimed government scientists working at White Sands, New Mexico, had made the discovery.

The Air Force issued a vehement denial to Keyhoe’s statement, maintaining they were, “… not watching any satellites — artificial or otherwise.” Skeptics on the other hand accused Keyhoe of making outlandish statements to promote his latest book on UFOs.

Yet, behind the scenes, the Pentagon swiftly swung into action, even as a stunned U.S. citizenry grappled with the implications of the news.

Upon tracking two satellites emitting radio signals as they circled at 400 miles and 600 miles above our planet, Pentagon officials immediately suspected the Soviet Union. The Russians were not just blamed of espionage, but were presumed to have beaten the United States in the space race. The Russians categorically denied these charges, and in turn held the Americans responsible for the satellites.

If neither the U.S. nor Russia had secretly sent a satellite into space, whom did it belong to? Aliens, claim UFO hunters, convinced that it was the Black Knight Satellite. Nevertheless, the Air Force sought the help of Dr. Lincoln La Paz, the then head of the Extra-Terrestrial Bodies Institute at the University of New Mexico, to determine the nature of the anomalous objects.

Dr. La Paz was no ordinary scientist. He possessed vast experience in conducting UFO investigations for the U.S. Air Force — particularly the alleged Roswell non-terrestrial vehicle crash incident of 1947. La Paz teamed up with astronomer Clyde Tombaugh, the discoverer of Pluto in 1930, to confirm that the near-Earth orbiting objects were “natural”, meaning, they were no more than meteors.

However, another version of events states that it was La Paz and Tombaugh who had originally detected the two objects in the murky darkness of space while working on behalf of the Air Force, hinting they could be artificially-built satellites. And that the duo later stoutly denied ever having made such an erroneous identification, or even working together at White Sands Missile Range.

Since the earlier Aviation Week article received tremendous traction amongst the Press and public, the Pentagon once again rushed to allay growing fears about the unusual outer space objects. They stated in an August 23, 1954 Aviation Week report: “[the]… scare over the observance of two previously unobserved satellites orbiting the earth has dissipated with the identification of the objects as natural, not artificial satellites.”

Ufologists, though, assert this was the convenient, conventional explanation; one meant to distract and steer the public away from the truth. They point to the fact that the Soviet Union launched the beach ball-sized Sputnik 1, humankind’s first-ever artificial satellite, into space from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan only in October 1957 — a full three years after the detection of the so-called Black Knight Satellite. Yet, no one could have imagined that there was much more to come in this extraordinary saga.

Artist's impression of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, in orbit.

(Gregory R. Todd/CC BY-SA 3.0).

On February 11, 1960, a New York Times article reported that U.S. tracking stations had detected a mysterious “dark” and “silent” satellite wheeling overhead on a regular and roughly pole-to-pole or polar orbit. Such an orbit would endow the object with the exceptional capability to observe every part of the Earth’s surface.

The Navy had employed the latest component of the space watch program called Dark Fence, designed by the Naval Research Laboratory, to find and track this satellite. It was a kind of radar trip-wire that stretched across the width of the United States to help keep track of satellites whose radios had gone silent.

When the object showed up during two passes of the Dark Fence, the news was communicated to President Eisenhower and marked top secret.

However, though initially classified as a Soviet spy satellite, it was later revealed that the object constituted “…the remains of an Air Force Discoverer 5 — one of the first photographic reconnaissance satellites built by the United States — that had gone astray.”

Scientists Vouch for Space Anomalies

UFO hunters were not the only ones to believe that the strange objects detected in outer space were other-worldly; men of science jumped on the bandwagon too.

In 1960, Ronald Bracewell, Professor of Electrical Engineering of the Space, Telecommunications, and Radioscience Laboratory at Stanford University, published an article in the authoritative scientific journal, Nature, in which he advanced the possibility of the presence of an alien probe that was trying to establish contact with Earth. As proof of his theory, Bracewell cited the phenomenon of delays in radio signals observed since the beginning of the 20th century.

Noted Ufologist, astronomer and author, Jacques Vallée.

(Christopher Michel, 2024).

In 1961 French astronomer, ufologist, and author Jacques Vallée divulged that while working on the staff of the French Space Committee, he had taken photos and filmed a bright oil tanker-sized satellite. While tracking its trajectory, Vallée realized it was in a retrograde orbit; meaning, in an East to West orbit, opposite to Earth’s rotation. However, when he showed the astounding scientific material he had gathered to his superiors, he claims it was not just confiscated, but destroyed.

Certain UFO researchers opine that amateur American astronomer, Steven Slayton, was the first to observe the mysterious object way back in 1958. While observing the Moon with a 20-inch telescope, Slayton is said to have witnessed a dark spherical object, moving at high speed on an unusual elliptical trajectory, before disappearing when it reached the edge of the lunar disk. Based on these characteristics, he concluded it was artificial.

But the U.S. military dismissed Slayton’s sighting as a meteorite flying near the Moon, as the object had not been recorded by any radar station.

The Black Knight Name

According to researchers, there are two possible origins of the name “Black Knight.”

The first one maintains that it was derived from a 1972 science fiction novel “The Destruction of Faena” by Soviet author Alexander Kazantsev. In the story a civilization from the planet Phaeton, that was destroyed in a nuclear disaster, had launched the Black Prince satellite into Earth’s orbit to communicate with us.

When Kazantsev’s novel was translated into English, the phrase “Black Prince” was changed to Black Knight. It is believed that this fictitious satellite lent its name to the space object discovered by Slayton.

The second option is connected to United Kingdom’s research ballistic missile, called the Black Knight, that was launched at Woomera, Australia, on September 7, 1958.

Whatever the origin of the mysterious satellite’s moniker, it has stuck like glue!

Black Knight Chronology

To gain a proper understanding of the subject, it is important to study key instances of signals received from the Black Knight satellite in chronological order.

In 1899, Serbian-American inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla erected a large tower at his laboratory in Colorado Springs to study atmospheric electricity and wireless power. While conducting experiments, he intercepted repeating signals from outer space.

At first, Tesla speculated the transmission had originated from a planet communicating with Earth, noting in a February 9th, 1901 Collier’s Weekly article titled ‘Talking with the Planets’: “The feeling is constantly growing on me that I had been the first to hear the greeting of one planet to another … it dawned upon me that I had observed something possibly of incalculable consequences to mankind. I felt as though I were present at the birth of a new knowledge or the revelation of a great truth.”

Nikola Tesla sitting in front of a spiral coil used in his wireless power experiments at his East Houston St. laboratory. 

(Public Domain).

Upon further study, Tesla believed the radio waves emanated from a satellite orbiting Earth. Until, finally, he formed the opinion that the signals came from an intelligent alien civilization based on Mars.

In a February 25th, 1923, article titled ‘A Giant Eye to See Round the World’ that appeared in the Albany Telegram, the genius scientist wrote: “I believe the Martians used numbers for communication because numbers are universal.”

The Global Mars Fixation

Radio waves, a type of electromagnetic radiation, have the lowest frequencies and longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, and can be larger than our planet. Given that the very first source of non-terrestrial radio waves were detected from the constellation of Sagittarius in the center of the Milky Way galaxy by an American physicist and radio engineer, Karl Jansky, only in April 1933, the scientific community has explained away Tesla’s signals as nothing more than radio wave pulses from a pulsar.

But this interpretation is hotly contested by Ufologists because Guglielmo Marconi, the Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his creation of a practical radio wave–based wireless telegraph system in 1896, also detected the same signals.

But what convinced Tesla that the transmission had come from Mars?

By the time H. G. Wells published ‘The War of the Worlds,’ the Red Planet had been observed through telescopes for nearly 300 years. Beginning with Galileo Galilei’s studies of the phases of Mars in 1610; Giovanni Cassini’s identification of the planet’s polar ice caps in 1666; and Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli’s observations of geological features which he called “canali” or channels in 1877.

The mistranslation of Schiaparelli’s “canali” into English as “canals” led to the popular belief that Mars was inhabited by an extraterrestrial race capable of engineering and agriculture.

Giovanni Schiaparelli's 1877 surface map of Mars. 

(Public Domain).

American mathematician and astronomer Percival Lowell was tremendously inspired by the research on Mars that had preceded him. From his observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, he examined the Red Planet extensively for 15 years. These included studies conducted during the 1907 opposition, or the period when it was closer to Earth.

A prolific writer, Lowell postulated in his books "Mars" in 1895, "Mars and its Canals" in 1906, and "Mars as the Abode of Life" in 1908, that an advanced alien race indigenous to the planet had built canals to convey water from the polar caps to irrigate the remaining arable land in their arid, dying landscape.

As he confidently informed the editors of the journal Nature in London: “After the melting of the south polar cap had got well under way, canals began to make their appearance about it.”

“The planet is at present the abode of intelligent constructive life [and] I may say in this connection that the theory of such life upon Mars was... deduced from the outcome of observation [and] my observations since have fully confirmed it.”

Martian canals as depicted by Percival Lowell. 

(Public Domain).

Lowell accompanied his hypothesis with illustrations of imaginary geological features on Mars, just as Schiaparelli had done earlier.

But Lowell's grand pronouncements about Martian canals and their alleged-creators had been discredited by the time of his death in 1916. The Times trod delicately in a valedictory editorial, stating, “The present judgment of the scientific world is that he was too largely governed in his researches by a vivid imagination.”

Nevertheless, the determined efforts of Percival Lowell to unravel the mysteries of the Red Planet, and the way his scientific writings played a role in shaping Tesla’s thoughts, cannot be overlooked.

Part two of this article can be read here.

By Anand N. Balaji

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The Black Knight Satellite: Enigmatic Object Plotting Our Doom? - Part 2

Enhanced image of the Black Knight Satellite, made by author.

The Black Knight Satellite: Enigmatic Object Plotting Our Doom? - Part 2

In the first part of this series, we learned about the detection of the mysterious Black Knight Satellite in the 1950s, the alarm it raised in the military and air force, and the panic and confusion it caused amongst the public at the height of the Cold War.

Among other things we analyzed denials of the strange satellite's existence by the powers-that-be; reports to the contrary in the Press and respected publications by leading scientists, informed whistleblowers, and amateur astronomers; sightings of UFOs above prominent U.S. buildings; and radar detections of the satellite that led to a vicious blame-game between arch rivals the United States and the Soviet Union in the early days of the space race.

We also briefly learned about photographs of the purported Black Knight Satellite snapped by NASA astronauts, no less; explored the origin of the satellite's name; reviewed its chronology and efforts of scientists, such as Nikola Tesla to communicate with the object.

Let's continue our journey by going back millennia, to the very beginning of the Black Knight Satellite saga.

True Age of the Black Knight

Historical records and anecdotal evidence add further layers to the mystery of the Black Knight legend. Although the moon is our only celestial satellite, alien theorists contend that texts from various ancient cultures make references to a dark object, also called a “Dark Ark,” orbiting the earth.

Babylonian, Egyptian, and Greek mythology dwell specifically on the stars of the Boötes constellation. Even Homer mentions Boötes as a celestial reference for navigation in his epic poem Odyssey. Unsurprisingly, the Boötes connection is at the heart of the Black Knight Satellite narrative too.

Star map showing the Boötes constellation. 

(International Astronomical Union (IAU) - IAU/Sky and Telescope/CC BY-SA 3.0).

One of the most shocking aspects of the Black Knight Satellite is its alleged age. According to one theorist, the alien probe has been orbiting Earth for approximately 13,000 years, long before the advent of human civilization.

Scottish science fiction author and astronomer, Duncan Lunan, made this age-related proposal in a 1973 Spaceflight magazine article published by the British Interplanetary Society. He proposed the vast number of years after analyzing the long-delayed echoes or LDEs received by Norwegian engineer and HAM radio operator, Jørgen Hals, in 1927. “From where this echo comes I cannot say for the present, but I will only herewith confirm, that I really heard this echo,” Hals stated.

Boötes as depicted in Urania’s Mirror, a set of constellation cards published in London c.1825.

(Wikipedia Commons/Sidney Hall/Public Domain).

Lunan hypothesized that a 13,000-year-old object orbiting the Moon could have produced those LDEs. To arrive at this conclusion, he connected the satellite with the location of the North Pole star, Polaris; and then plotted a vertical axis of the transmitted pulse sequence with a horizontal axis of echo delay time.

In 1998, Lunan explained this process: “I tried plotting the delay times against the order in which the echoes were received... and at only the second attempt I found what looked like a star map.”

Lunan disclosed that the hidden radio message sent by the alien space probe announced:

“Start here. Our home is Epsilon Boötes, which is a double star. We live on the sixth planet of seven, coming from the sun, which is the larger of the two. Our sixth planet has one Moon. Our fourth planet has three. Our first and third planets each have one. This updates the position of Arcturus shown on our maps.”

The message also supposedly said, “Our probe is in the orbit of your Moon.”

Remember the object Slayton claimed to have seen streak across the Moon in 1958? Or references to the Boötes constellation in ancient cultures? Why, even the LDEs heard by Tesla, Marconi and Hals? Was it the Black Knight Satellite all along?

In deciphering the code, Lunan pinpointed the origin of the probe to Epsilon Boötes, also known as Izar, a binary star system located in the constellation of Boötes. But he hit a roadblock when he plotted out the co-ordinates on the star map, as they did not line up with the position of the stars mentioned in the alien message — especially the position of Arcturus, the brightest star in that constellation.

But things dramatically fell into place when Lunan, considering axial precession, adjusted the star map to reflect the position of the Boötes constellation as it would have appeared a staggering 13,000 years ago. He found an exact match, which meant the Black Knight Satellite arrived here in 11,000 BC.

The path of the north celestial pole among the stars due to the precession. 

(Tau’olunga/CC BY-SA 2.5).

Despite gaining wide publicity in major news outlets, such as the New York Times, Time Magazine, and the CBS Evening News, Lunan retracted his conclusions in 1976. But that did not shake the conviction of the Ufology community, who swore that the Black Knight Satellite was real. However, Lunan re-interpreted a portion of his theory in 1998 on the grounds of positional astronomy.

Sightings of the Silent Space Sentinel

Alleged sightings of the Black Knight Satellite by NASA astronauts during space missions have added massive fuel to the speculation-fire.

In 1963 during his 15th orbit on the Faith 7 spacecraft, Gordon Cooper, one of NASA's original Mercury Seven astronauts, claimed to have spotted an object which was alleged to have been the Black Knight satellite. The craft, that Cooper described as emitting a greenish-glow with a distinct shape, was confirmed by tracking stations.

Astronaut Gordon Cooper sighted a strange object while orbiting Earth in the Faith 7 spacecraft in 1963.

(NASA).

This information not only went missing from NASA's mission transcripts, but Cooper's personal records too did not reveal any such report was made during the orbit. The truth was irrevocably buried when Cooper retracted his statement upon returning. In addition to this, the media blackout which ensued on the topic and the US space agency's bizarre explanation that their ace astronaut had suffered cosmic hallucinations put a lid on the matter forever.

Claims and counter-claims about the Black Knight came to a dramatic head when NASA released sensational photographs taken during the eleven-day STS-88 Endeavour mission in late-December 1998 — the first Space Shuttle mission to assemble vital components of the International Space Station, the first permanently-manned satellite in Earth’s orbit.

Among other payloads on board the STS-88 mission to the ISS was the first American-built module, the Unity node, which was designed to connect the Russian and United States segments of the station, where the crew shared meals.

View of the ISS Unity module photographed by the STS-88 mission in December 1998.

(NASA).

Dubbed as some of the weirdest-looking 70-mm photographs to ever emerge from the space shuttle program, the main controversial image showed a dark, oddly-shaped, elongated object with what appeared to be strange protrusions. An abnormal design for a spacecraft that indicated it could not have been conceived or built by humans.

Ecstatic ufologists instantly identified it as the Black Knight Satellite, and proclaimed the photograph in question was undeniable and compelling evidence that the craft originated from an alien world.

Detail of the controversial photo taken during Space Shuttle mission STS-88, described as showing a drifting thermal blanket or "space debris". Alien enthusiasts, however, claim it is the elusive Black Knight Satellite.

(NASA).

Unruffled by such conjecture NASA cataloged the image, under the number STS088-724-66, not as one that showed a spacecraft of extraterrestrial origin but with a more mundane explanation: space debris. Remnants, they explained, from a white thermal blanket that came loose from its tether and floated away during an extravehicular activity or EVA, commonly referred to as a spacewalk, performed by mission specialists Jerry Ross and Jim Newman.

When the astronauts embarked on this spacewalk to continue the installation of the Unity node, they began by connecting power and data cables to permit power generated from Zarya, which means sunrise in Russian. It was the Functional Cargo Block built by Boeing and the Russian Space Agency, to activate the systems on board Unity.

During the EVA outside Unity, Jim and Ross installed two antennas, removed launch restraint pins, and installed covers on data relay boxes to protect them from sunlight. It was during the last of these procedures that the crew spotted and photographed a thermal blanket floating away.

So, is there a rational explanation for the black object seen in the photos? The answer, according to NASA, is simple: the reflective surface of the thermal blanket is facing the darkness of space, away from the light of the Earth.

Though NASA reported that the debris fell from orbit a few days later and burned up in the atmosphere on re-entry, things were to take an even more peculiar turn. NASA rendered the original photo links inoperative during routine website maintenance. This purportedly innocuous move snowballed overnight, with UFO theorists claiming a cover-up.

Though events such as these played out amply in the public domain, they have not changed the minds of those who believe NASA is intentionally concealing information it has gathered over the years about the true nature and origin of the Black Knight Satellite. Ufologists even claim the space agency is in communication with the sneaky satellite.

Navigating Space Debris

Debunking the alien origin hypothesis, skeptics argue that the Black Knight Satellite is space junk from a lost piece of man-made technology. They point to the improbability and enormous challenges of maintaining such a satellite in orbit for extended periods, let alone 13,000 years, particularly without detection.

But who is to say what capabilities a technologically advanced alien civilization may command?

Illustration of a satellite breaking up into multiple pieces at higher altitudes.

(European Space Agency).

Lest we forget, in the form of the Voyager Golden Records aboard the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecrafts, we humans sent a kind of time capsule showcasing the sounds and images of planet Earth; indicating the origin of the spacecrafts and advertising our location for discovery by potential intelligent alien worlds. So why would another species not attempt to communicate in a similar manner, such as the Black Knight Satellite purportedly does?

Besides, if we can send orbital spacecraft, probes, and satellites to study nearby planets and other parts of the solar system, what would prevent an advanced extraterrestrial race from doing the same?

What is accurate though is that with the sheer amount of debris that clutters the space around our planet today, it would prove difficult to locate any prospective non-terrestrial technological artifacts that may be watching us.

While current European Space Agency data reveals there are 5,800 functioning satellites in orbit. The United States Space Surveillance Network estimates that there are over 170 million pieces of space debris, ranging from 1 millimeter to 10 centimeters, orbiting Earth.

NASA states that as of January 2022, they have calculated that this material collectively weighs more than 9,000 metric tons. But Space Surveillance Networks find it incredibly hard to log and continuously track space junk due to technological limitations.

Visitors from Stars Beyond

Is the Black Knight Satellite our first interstellar visitor? Probably not.

Using the Pan-STARRS telescope, in October 2017, astronomers detected Oumuamua, meaning ‘scout’ in Hawaiian. Speculated to use solar energy for propulsion, it was the first interstellar object to pass through our Solar System.

Artist's impression of 'Oumuamua', the mysterious interstellar object that entered our solar system in 2017.

(M. Kornmesser/European Space Agency).

As expected, the sighting of the rocky, cigar-shaped object with a somewhat reddish hue, sent the scientific world into a tizzy. Astronomer Avi Loeb, founder of The Galileo Project, that is aimed at detecting extraterrestrial technological signatures produced by Extraterrestrial Technological Civilizations or ETCs, suggested that Oumuamua could be a product of alien technology.

It boggles the mind to think about the many interstellar objects that may have gone unnoticed over the past 100 years, if not more, merely because we did not possess the means to identify them until about a decade ago.

Repeated Global Sightings

The Black Knight story is alive and well, precisely 125 years after Tesla first reported signals that apparently emanated from the object. Numerous sightings and photographs of this other-worldly satellite continue to be reported by sky gazers from all over the world.

In late-2020, a video that purportedly showed the Black Knight Satellite hovering over Santa Rosa, in the Philippine province of Laguna, circulated on YouTube. The fuzzy video showed a brownish-red tinted object, with what appeared to be spikes emerging from an opening on its top, moving silently through the sky.

But former NASA engineer James Oberg said that most UFO sightings were nothing more than "space dandruff" floating in front of cameras. He argued that the human brain is not wired to make sense of such tiny objects in our skies.

Be that as it may, the shape of the object witnessed over the Philippines bore a striking resemblance to the alleged Black Knight Satellite photographed by NASA astronauts in 1998.

But as always, NASA scientists remain unmoved. They say people who regularly mistake birds, planes, weather phenomena and optical illusions for UFOs, are taking it a bit too far with the Black Knight topic.

Moreover, they raise a moot point regarding the improbability of a satellite floating below the clouds in our atmosphere, as the satellites closest to Earth orbit around 200 miles in space.

Skeptics and NASA insiders have long-charged UFO hunters of making exaggerated claims and fabricating conspiracy theories out of thin air. They allege that despite the lack of concrete evidence, Black Knight devotees combine a collection of disconnected stories, some bordering on the downright preposterous, into one fanciful narrative.

But by all counts, it seems alien theorists cannot be simply wished away. Not just are their numbers increasing day by day; but with the aid of the Internet, they are a global community that digs deep into declassified government documents, sharing information and images about UFO sightings and related events, and registering personal experiences online in real-time. Above all, they do not hesitate to question the official version of events.

Purpose of the Black Knight Satellite

Under the cover of darkness, the Black Knight Satellite that is estimated to weigh a whopping 15 tons, has stealthily watched the rise and fall of civilizations and cultures throughout the world.

Though it ranks as one of the most seen, heard, and photographed objects in space history, we have no clue why it is here; who or what is monitoring us; and for what purpose? Are we akin to animals under observation, as posited in the Zoo hypothesis?

Noted planetary scientist, Carl Sagan, had this to say about the Voyager Golden Record: “The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced spacefaring civilizations in interstellar space.”

Renowned American astrophysicist and popular science writer, Carl Sagan, from an image of the Planetary Society.

(NASA/JPL).

But what if these superior extraterrestrial entities choose not to respond, probably because they have already learnt everything there is to know about the ‘Pale Blue Dot’ we inhabit – the one that Voyager 1 photographed from 3.7 billion miles away in 1990?

While optimistically-minded people say the Black Knight Satellite was sent to raise our level of consciousness and technology, or maybe even to prevent us from destroying ourselves; others fear it is a weapon that could annihilate us or instigate an invasion by harvesting information about us and relaying that data to its planet of origin.

With so many divergent views on the subject, it is impossible to reach a definitive conclusion.

Are We Racing to Disclosure?

Alien enthusiasts say the flurry of activity on the UFO subject over the past few years is welcome, as it was long overdue. Dubbed tinfoil hatters and nutcases for decades, experiencers of the UFO phenomenon from across the world are now being taken far more seriously.

Astonishing Pentagon videos and photos of alien craft making inconceivable maneuvers; whistleblowers from the Air Force and Navy spilling the beans about their personal encounters before the US Congress; the declassification of material pertaining to historic events involving unidentified aerial phenomena, or UAP, as the US military has now rebranded them; and the heightened interest displayed by politicians and the media — all beg the question: is the public being prepared for imminent disclosure?

The stunning front-page article that sparked off the UFO craze worldwide. July 8, 1947. 

(Roswell Daily Record/Public Domain).

But wait: Is it that simple, or are we being readied for something else? The revelation that German-American aerospace engineer and space architect, Wernher von Braun, allegedly made on his deathbed is haunting: “And the last card they will play, will be the alien card.”

Is the Truth Out There?

In March 2017, a conspiracy theorist released a video claiming the Black Knight satellite had been shot down by a secret Illuminati war plane. Despite garnering hundreds of thousands of views opinion about the footage, available on YouTube, remains divided as its authenticity cannot be determined.

With superlative software technology, including AI, available to the public like never before, it is now easy to fake videos of alleged extraterrestrial craft and alien entities. Separating the wheat from the chaff has indeed become a Herculean task for researchers who earnestly pursue the UFO subject.

Denouncing such online gimmicks that spread disinformation, they lament that it not only enables naysayers to easily discredit their findings, but that it dents the hard work they invest to unravel the phenomenon.

In 2015, Pepsi released a short film titled ‘Black Knight Decoded’ with the claim that the Satellite’s “… origin can be traced back 13,000 years.” And then adding confidently, “This is not Science Fiction. This is real.”

Despite the Hollywood spin, the origin and purpose of the Black Knight Satellite has continued to perplex observers. Dismissing all talk of the Black Knight Satellite, NASA reiterates that photographs of the so-called object are wrongly interpreted.

Space scientists direct attention to the fact that if it was a spacecraft or satellite wheeling in polar orbit, it would have been travelling at 10 kilometers or 6.2 miles per second. At that remarkable speed, the STS-88 Endeavour crew couldn't have taken the number of images that they did.

Down to this day, the lack of official confirmation about the ominous satellite has fueled numerous conspiracy theories, making it one of the most debated enigmas in space exploration history.

No matter which side of the fence you are on, curiosity is an intrinsic human trait, more so when it concerns the many unknowns in the cosmos. The truth about the Black Knight Satellite, that clinching piece of evidence everyone is waiting for with bated breath, may elude us for now. But the quest for answers will continue forever.

Part One of this article can be read here.

By: Anand N. Balaji

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{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/mysterious-phenomena }

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What Are UAPs and Why Are They Gaining Global Attention?

What Are UAPs and Why Are They Gaining Global Attention?

An illustration of what spherical UFOs look like.

In recent years, the term “Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena” (UAP) has replaced “Unidentified Flying Objects” (UFOs) in official discourse, reflecting a broader approach to unexplained observations not limited to airborne occurrences. UAPs encompass mysterious phenomena in the sky, underwater, and even in space, which defy conventional explanation.

This change in terminology marks a significant shift in how these phenomena are perceived—moving from speculative to serious, scientific, and strategic investigation. Why are UAPs attracting so much attention, and what has changed in recent years to put them in the spotlight? I have been fascinated by this subject for over a decade, and in this article, I would like to explain, as best as I can recent developments in the field of UAP research.

What Are UAPs?

The term UAP includes observations of objects or phenomena that exhibit characteristics beyond current human understanding or technology. These may involve:

  • Aerial UAPs: Objects flying at extraordinary speeds, making sudden directional changes, or hovering without visible propulsion.
  • Underwater UAPs: Fast-moving objects detected beneath the ocean’s surface, often described as Transmedium vehicles capable of operating in air and water.
  • Space Phenomena: Unexplained movements or occurrences captured by satellites or astronauts.

The shift from UFO to UAP was formalized by organizations like the U.S. Department of Defense to encourage a more scientific and unbiased investigation. This change also aimed to remove stigma, enabling pilots, scientists, and military personnel to report sightings without fear of ridicule.

A Decade of UAP Developments

The past ten years have brought a series of revelations and investigations into UAPs, transforming public and governmental attitudes. Key milestones include:

2017: The AATIP Revelation

In 2017, The New York Times exposed the existence of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), a Pentagon initiative investigating UAPs. The report revealed:

  • Declassified Videos: U.S. Navy pilots recorded objects defying the laws of physics, including the now-famous “Tic Tac” UFO seen off the coast of California in 2004.
  • Pilot Testimonies: Pilots described objects moving without visible propulsion systems, executing instantaneous changes in direction, and disappearing at speeds beyond human capability.

This disclosure marked a turning point, spurring global curiosity and demanding further investigation.

2020: UAP Task Force

The U.S. Department of Defense established the UAP Task Force (UAPTF) in 2020. Its mission was to evaluate UAPs as potential threats to national security, emphasizing military sightings near restricted airspace. This formal acknowledgment legitimized the study of UAPs.

2021: Preliminary UAP Report

The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) released a report summarizing 144 UAP incidents reported by military personnel between 2004 and 2021. Key findings included:

  • 80 Cases Supported by Sensor Data: These sightings were corroborated by radar or infrared systems.
  • “No Single Explanation”: While some incidents were attributed to natural phenomena or human-made objects, most remained unexplained.
  • Recommendations for Study: The report stressed the need for additional data and a systematic approach to understanding UAPs.

2023: NASA Enters the Arena

In September 2023, NASA released its findings from an independent study on UAPs, focusing on how data could be collected to analyze these phenomena scientifically. The report concluded that while no evidence points to extraterrestrial origins, the lack of comprehensive data hinders definitive conclusions. NASA also announced a director to oversee its UAP research.

Congressional Hearings and Whistleblower Testimonies

In 2023 and 2024, U.S. Congress held hearings on UAPs, where former defense officials and whistleblowers claimed the existence of secret government programs retrieving non-human technology. Allegations included:

  • Reverse Engineering Efforts: Whistleblowers suggested attempts to study recovered materials from unidentified craft.
  • Public Transparency: Lawmakers emphasized the importance of sharing findings with the public to build trust and knowledge.
UAP Disclosure 2024: Unraveling the Mystery of Non Human Technologies

Why Are UAPs Attracting Attention?

Several reasons explain the growing focus on UAPs:

1. National Security Implications

UAPs are often observed near sensitive military installations or restricted airspace, raising concerns about potential espionage or advanced foreign technology. The possibility of adversaries deploying hypersonic drones or surveillance systems has prompted governments to take UAPs seriously.

2. Scientific Intrigue

Some UAPs exhibit flight characteristics beyond known aeronautical capabilities. Studying these phenomena could:

  • Challenge our understanding of physics.
  • Lead to breakthroughs in propulsion technology and materials science.
  • Provide insights into new forms of energy or transportation.

3. Growing Public Interest

Declassified videos and transparent discussions have captured the public imagination. Social media platforms amplify sightings, while documentaries and media coverage make UAPs a topic of global fascination.

4. Global Collaboration

Other nations, including Canada, Japan, and Brazil, have reported UAP sightings and begun their own investigations. Collaborative efforts could unify scientific and technological resources to better understand these occurrences.

SETI Talks: UAPs: Are they worth scientific attention?

What Does Science Say About UAPs?

While many theories exist, ranging from extraterrestrial visitation to advanced technology or atmospheric phenomena, the scientific consensus remains inconclusive due to a lack of consistent data. Some leading hypotheses include:

  • Advanced Human Technology: Hypersonic drones or experimental aircraft.
  • Natural Phenomena: Atmospheric anomalies, ball lightning, or meteors.
  • Extraterrestrial Origins: While no concrete evidence supports this, the possibility continues to fuel curiosity.

NASA and other agencies stress the importance of collecting high-quality data through sensors, radar systems, and AI analysis.

The Role of Government Transparency

Governments worldwide are under increasing pressure to disclose UAP-related information. In the U.S., laws like the National Defense Authorization Act of 2024 mandate reports on UAP incidents, aiming to address public concerns about secrecy. Greater transparency is seen as essential to building trust and fostering collaboration between agencies and the scientific community.

Looking Ahead: The Future of UAP Research

As the study of UAPs moves from speculation to serious inquiry, key priorities include:

  • Improved Data Collection: Developing systems to detect, track, and analyze UAPs in real-time.
  • Scientific Partnerships: Collaborations between government agencies, universities, and private institutions.
  • Global Monitoring: Creating international databases to pool resources and insights.

The next decade could redefine humanity’s understanding of unexplained phenomena and potentially open new frontiers in science and exploration.

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{ https://curiosmos.com/ }

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What Ancient UFO Sightings Reveal About Humanity’s Obsession With the Unknown

What Ancient UFO Sightings Reveal About Humanity’s Obsession With the Unknown

The earliest recorded observations of strange phenomena in the sky come from ancient civilizations. Sumerian and Babylonian cuneiform tablets, such as those in the Šumma ālu series from the second millennium B.C., describe shifting shapes and black meteors appearing in the heavens.

An illustration of interstellar artifacts and UFOs. Depositphotos.

For centuries, humans have been captivated by mysterious phenomena in the sky. From strange shapes to glowing lights, accounts of unusual aerial events have sparked curiosity and inspired countless questions. But did reports of UFOs exist long before the 20th century? And if so, were they really encounters with extraterrestrial visitors—or simply reflections of cultural beliefs and natural events misunderstood at the time?

Ancient Sky Events: Signs, Omens, or Something Else?

The earliest recorded observations of strange phenomena in the sky come from ancient civilizations. Sumerian and Babylonian cuneiform tablets, such as those in the Šumma ālu series from the second millennium B.C., describe shifting shapes and black meteors appearing in the heavens. These texts often interpreted such occurrences as divine omens rather than mysterious visitors from another world.

Chris Aubeck, director of the Magonia Exchange—an archival project dedicated to UFO history—emphasizes the challenges of defining ancient accounts as UFO sightings. “There is no consensus on what constitutes the first recorded UFO sighting in history,” Aubeck explained. He points out that while ancient records document strange celestial events, their meanings were often tied to spiritual beliefs.

Greg Eghigian, a historian and professor at Penn State, agrees, according to Live Science. He notes that ancient accounts must be viewed within their cultural context. “These stories are disconnected from the societies in which they were created,” he said. What appears puzzling or extraterrestrial today was often a symbol of divine intervention, religious significance, or natural phenomena like comets or meteors.

The Nuremberg “Sky Battle” of 1561

One of the most vivid historical accounts of an aerial phenomenon occurred on April 14, 1561, in Nuremberg, Germany. Witnesses described orbs, crosses, and other shapes battling in the sky, accompanied by a mysterious black arrow-like object. Hans Glaser, a local artist, even created a woodcut illustrating the event, depicting the objects as they “fell from the sky, burning as they hit the ground.”

Although dramatic, this event was interpreted at the time as a divine sign or apocalyptic warning. Modern researchers note that the imagery and interpretation reflect the religious worldview of the era rather than evidence of extraterrestrial visitors.

UFOs Enter the Modern Era

The narrative around UFOs shifted dramatically in 1947 when amateur pilot Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine fast-moving objects near Mount Rainier, Washington. He described their movement as resembling a saucer skipping across water, leading to the now-iconic term “flying saucer.”

Arnold’s account captured public imagination, sparking a surge in reported sightings and the birth of modern UFO culture. At the time, many people believed these objects were advanced military aircraft rather than extraterrestrial visitors, reflecting Cold War-era anxieties.

“This sighting is widely regarded as the event that kick-started modern UFO culture,” Aubeck stated.

While UFO sightings continue to fascinate, they often reveal more about human culture than the mysteries of the cosmos. “Studying UFO sightings is valuable because they represent the urban legends of our time,” Aubeck explained. These stories demonstrate how cultural narratives and imagination shape the way we interpret the unknown.

Throughout history, people have gazed upward and wondered about the mysterious lights, shapes, and movements that defied explanation, weaving them into the fabric of their culture and beliefs. For ancient civilizations, these celestial events were often interpreted as messages from gods, warnings of impending events, or signs of divine favor. In more recent times, they’ve evolved into symbols of scientific intrigue, Cold War paranoia, and even hopes for extraterrestrial contact.

I believe that UFOs, in this sense, are far more than just strange objects in the sky. They represent the stories we tell ourselves about our place in the universe. Are we alone? Are there forces beyond our comprehension shaping our destiny? Every sighting, whether dismissed as a natural phenomenon or celebrated as a groundbreaking discovery, invites us to confront these timeless questions.

This enduring curiosity and creativity reveal something deeply human: our ability to turn the unknown into stories, myths, and hypotheses.

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{ https://curiosmos.com/category/ufo-or-not/ }

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The looming quantum apocalypse: What you need to know!

The looming quantum apocalypse: What you need to know!

Quantum computing, a transformative field leveraging quantum mechanics, has the potential to solve complex problems far beyond the reach of classical computers. While it promises significant advancements, it also poses risks, such as breaking cryptographic codes, threatening global data security. 
Quantum%20computing.jpg

For example: At NASA's Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL), experiments revealed unprecedented computational power and successfully solved the unsolvable problem. However, the quantum computer began generating independent and unconventional outputs, leading to speculation that it could think for itself or even connect with extraterrestrial intelligence. Concerned about the implications, NASA halted its quantum computing project in 2023, though some believe the research continued in secret. 
Separately, researchers have hypothesized that advanced extraterrestrial civilizations might use black holes as quantum computers for computation and communication. highlighting the mysterious potential of these quantum systems to explore phenomena beyond Earthly understanding. 
A fictional scenario (watch video below) illustrates the dangers of quantum technology spiraling out of control: 
A mysterious data transfer lights up NSA monitors at 3 AM. Within hours, hospital records flash across Times Square billboards. Dating app messages spill onto every screen in the city. 
Bank accounts vanish. Traffic lights freeze. Autonomous vehicles crash through shopping malls. Intelligence agencies scramble as decades of encrypted messages suddenly unlock. Someone or something has broken the unbreakable - the mathematical foundations that protect everything from banking passwords to nuclear launch codes. 
The quantum apocalypse arrives years ahead of schedule. But as chaos spreads, patterns start to surface. The timing seems too perfect, the targets too precise. 
Deep beneath the Pentagon, analysts notice something strange: some messages were decrypted months ago. The chaos isn't random - it's cover for something bigger.
  

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

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FILER’S FILES - Jan. 1 2025 - Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey - PART I

FILER’S FILES - Jan. 1 2025 - Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey - PART I

Oklahoma city over FAA Headquarters in  on September 26, 2024

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

MUFON Eastern Region Director

President Air Force & Space Association NJ 310

Awarded Bronze Star in Air Force

 New Jersey State Director Emeritus

Special reports General Twining – Discs Are Something Real , Mystery of the Black Triangles, Photo of Moon Base, Alien Beings at Top-Secret Facility, Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey, Ruins on Mars, RAND Corporation,  Selected by Extraterrestrials. Benjamin Rich ,Robert Shiepe Discovered Tiny UAP/UFOs, British Laser  in Use in Ukraine , and ASTEROID

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Special Reports

General Twining – Discs Are Something Real and Not Fictitious

 

In 1947, General Nathan Twining wrote this now famous memo dated 23 September 1947.

Air Material Command Opinion Concerning “Flying Discs”

O:   Commanding General Army Air Forces, Washington 25, D.C.

ATTENTION:     Brig. General George Schulgen  AC/AS-2

  1. As requested by AC/AS-2 there is presented below the considered opinion of this command concerning the so-called “Flying Discs.” This opinion is based on interrogation report data furnished by AC/AS-2 and preliminary studied by personnel of T-2 and Aircraft Laboratory, Engineering Division T-3. This opinion was arrived at in a conference between personnel from the Air Institute of Technology, Intelligence T-2, Office, Chief of Engineering Division, and the Aircraft, Power Plant and Propeller Laboratories of Engineering Division T-3.
  2. It is the opinion that:
  3. The phenomenon reported is something real and not visionary or fictitious.
  4. There are objects probably approximately the shape of a disc, of such appreciable size as to appear to be as large as man-made aircraft.
  5. There is the possibility that some of the incidents may be  caused by natural phenomena, such as meteors.
  6. The reported operating characteristics such as extreme rates of       climb, maneuverability (particularly in roll), and action which   must be considered evasive when sighted or contacted by friendly  aircraft and radar, lend belief to the possibility that some of  her objects are controlled either manually, automatically, or remotely.
  7. The apparent common description of the objects is as follows:

(1)  Metallic or light reflecting surface.

(2)  Absence of trail, except in a few instances when the object apparently was operating under high performance conditions.

(3)  Circular or elliptical in shape, flat on bottom and domed on top.

(4)  Several reports of well-kept formation flights varying from three to nine objects.

(5)  Normally no associated sound, except in three instances a substantial rumbling roar was noted.

(6)  Level flight speeds normally about 300 knots are estimated.

General Twining was promoted to Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1957. Became Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1957 to 1960, the first member of the Air Force to serve in that role.

Black Triangles

Black Triangles tare UFOs reality, then why has no one blown the whistle? Informants in the U.K. have been talking about UFO’s and Flying Triangles because they see them every day. I have been a faithful subscriber to UFO rags from the U.K. for a long time. These magazines try to use a more down to earth approach as to which UFO’s are extra-terrestrial and which aren’t. In the British UFO Magazines, there is no question as to whether or not UFO’s exist. In order to understand what I am trying to tell you, you need to understand why Ufology in the UK commonplace is, you need to realize Britain’s UFO history. Britain has always been the center of “paranormal” anomalies with strange structures,  ghosts, and intricate crop circles. You would think there would be unlimited investigations with all of these strange anomalies occurring. There are your amateurs and then there are some that are appointed.

One man in particular is Nick Pope, who joined the British Ministry in 1985 and involved in policy making during the Gulf War, and the Bosnian Serb conflict. Pope was then moved in the summer of 1991. He was appointed to a new post at Whitehall Secretariat Air Staff, Department 2A. I guess you could call it the equivalent of the “X-files.” As with any classic “I don’t belong here” story Pope did not believe in the UFO hysteria and was very skeptical about the Paranormal. After dealing with the reports from the “UFO” desk Pope was slowly changing his mind on the issue.

      

After 3 years at the British  UFO” desk Nick Pope declared that UFO’s were a reality. He concluded that there was plenty of evidence to prove their existence. Pope was officially supposed to investigate whether or not these strange aircraft posed a threat to the UK’s defense. Unofficially He was expected to dismiss their existence. Pope decided it was up to him to tell the truth

about UFO’s. Pope claims that his peers and the department labeled him a loose cannon and found him to be very suspicious.

They lost trust in him. But Pope stood by his story, analyzing all the data, and claiming that it all added it up to a case for the existence of UFOs. A lot of the M.O.D. workers began humming the Twilight Zone theme whenever he would walk into the room, and after the X-files made it to the UK they called him “Spooky.” After all of the ridicule, and after claiming that he felt

UFOs posed a major threat to our defense systems; Pope was moved in 1994 from the M.O.D. to the financial department. The thing that is most frustrating is despite Pope’s entire candor; he is still bound by Britain’s official secrecy act. So, is what Pope saying fact or fiction? Apparently it’s fact; UFO’s are being seen in Britain. Some say it can be explained, but Pope says that a technological threat of non-human origin exists. Some say it is Science fiction, Pope continues to investigate such claims, even though it really isn’t his job anymore.

Since 1990 there have been over 4000 sightings of what is known as the “Flying Triangle” or “Silent Vulcan” Over Britain. In the early 90’s there were a similar number over Belgium, France, Holland, and Germany, with fighters being sent up to intercept this unknown craft? With people seeing aircraft “as big as a football field and hovering silently” to “hovering craft that shoot off silently.” Another claim was the sighting of “a huge black triangle rising out of the water” it is one of Europe’s most enduring waves of sightings. Nick Pope authored a book about many of these sightings including one over several Army bases in one night.

 

One of the more controversial cases is the Bentwaters -Woodbridge UFO case. The Bentwaters-Woodbridge bases are leased to the United States Air Force under NATO terms. The case is one of the creepiest ones I have ever heard. There were at least 30 witnesses who came forward to tell the story of what happened to USAF personnel and British Military in the Rendlesham Forest between the two bases, in December of 1980.

The incident began when two USAF security personnel spotted unusual lights hovering over Rendlesham forest. The security staff was worried that a small plane was crashing in the heavily wooded area. According to Sergeant Larry Warren, who was stationed at Bentwaters, It looked like the plane hit and a fire was smoldering in the forest. A group of men set out to find the strange red glowing area. What the men came a upon was a triangular UFO. Airmen Steve Roberts and James Archer said that the UFO had a red light on top of it and blue and white lights at the middle and bottom. Archer then claimed he saw occupants inside the strange craft. He claimed that they did not appear human.

here were also reports of Jeeps and several High-powered “Light all’s” abruptly died. Sgts. Larry Warren and Adrian Bustinza said that the energy just drained out. Animals were going crazy, and the men mentioned a yellow mist in the air. There was another strange anomaly in the area away from the clearing. It was transparent, elliptical like a see through an aspirin tablet. It then filled with a bright pulsating mist and it emitted a rainbow of colored lights. There was a film shot of the incident. And audio tapes made. However, it was later confiscated and flown to Ramstein Air Force Base in West Germany. NOTE: The above image is a rendering. Thanks to Ken Pfeifer MUFON NJ www.worldUFOphotos.org

Photo of Moon Base on NASA’ Persons Desk

   

NASA scientist employee leaves Top Secret Photos Won his desk when Press Takes Photo.

 

Astronaut  Edgar Dean “Ed” Mitchell (September 17, 1930 – February 4, 2016) was a United States Navy officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, ufologist, and NASA astronaut. As the Lunar Module Pilot of Apollo 14 in 1971 he spent nine hours working on the lunar surface in the Fra Mauro Highlands region  and was the sixth person to walk on .Moon. He revealed later he had seen structures on the Moon.. On Feb 9, 2016 · On Thursday, February 4, 2016the world lost the last of the Apollo 14 astronauts. Edgar Dean Mitchell, U.S. Navy test pilot and the sixth person to walk on the Moon, passed away in his sleep near his Florida home at the age of 85.

            Craft and Alien Beings at Top-Secret Facility


In a this interview, former S-4 Level 2 sentry Derek Hennesy, also known as Connor O’Ryan, revealed his experiences of witnessing grey extraterrestrial beings and disc-shaped craft at Area 51. Hennesy explained that there are four levels in S-4, with the top level being a hanger for the flying disc ships.

He stated that the first and second levels are all elevators where they keep the flying disc ships, and that while he was there, they were trying to operate the discs, which he witnessed unsuccessfully. He also mentioned that there were scientists and high-level White House officials present at the facility.

Hennesy described the layout of the facility, including four elevators and the fact that there are no centuries on levels three and four. He stated that he had no knowledge of what goes on in those levels, but he had heard rumors of a heavy or EB being present. He also described the bays on level two, which are separated by automatic doors and contain elevators that can bring the whole floor to the top.

The most striking revelation from Hennesy was his description of the storage of extraterrestrial bodies on level two. He stated that there were tubes present, about two feet in width and six feet in height, and that the creatures inside were completely identical, with no way of identifying them individually. He described the creatures as resembling the typical depiction of grey aliens, but with shriveled eyes that resembled prunes and no visible eyelids or hair.

He also stated that their bodies were very thin and frail looking. Hennesy also described the security measures in place at the facility, including a plastic card with magnetic information, a handprint scan, and a right eye retina scan for access to levels three and four.

He stated that if clearance was not granted, instructions were to arrest the individual immediately.

Hennesy’s testimony has been deemed credible by those who conducted the interview, as his voice analysis did not show any signs of stress, and the information he provided matched up with other information and rumors that have been circulating about the secretive Area 51 facility.  Thanks to https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.

Mysterious Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey Baffles

Mere days after New Jersey’s governor told us to “calm down,” and shortly after experts suggested residents weren’t actually seeing drones in the first place, officials are now temporarily banning drone operations over portions of the state. Hmmm, I wonder why.

DRONE OR UFO

  • the FAA Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) stated that they will be banning drones until mid-January and will respond to any threatening drones with “deadly force” if they present an “imminent security threat.”
  • “At the request of federal security partners, the FAA published 22 Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) prohibiting drone flights over critical New Jersey infrastructure,” the FAA said in a statement
  • Mere days after New Jersey’s governor told us to “calm down,” and shortly after experts suggested residents weren’t actually seeing drones in the first place, officials are now temporarily banning drone operations over portions of the state. Hmmm, I wonder why.
  • The FAA Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) stated that they will be banning drones until mid-January and will respond to any threatening drones with “deadly force” if they present an “imminent security threat.”
  • “At the request of federal security partners, the FAA published 22 Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) prohibiting drone flights over critical New Jersey infrastructure,” the FAA said in a statement
  • ORLANDO, Fla. – A holiday drone show at Lake Eola Park in downtown Orlando took an unexpected turn over the weekend. What began as a festive display on Saturday, with red and green-lit drones illuminating the sky, quickly turned into chaos as several drones collided and plummeted into the crowd, according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).The mishap resulted in one person, later identified as a child, being rushed to a local hospital for medical treatment. Two small drones crashed and fell to the ground hurting a 7 year old boy who was knocked out by impact on December 21, needing heart operation/

US bans drones in parts of New Jersey and New York

US aviation authorities have banned the use of drones at 22 infrastructure sites in New Jersey and another 29 in New York state for 30 days after a spike in drone sightings in the eastern US.

The measures allow the government to use “deadly force” against unmanned aircraft if they pose an “imminent security threat”.

Pilots operating in restricted zones risk being intercepted and detained by law enforcement, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said in a statement.

US aviation authorities have banned the use of drones at 22 infrastructure sites in New Jersey and another 29 in New York state for 30 days after a spike in drone sightings in the eastern US. Starting dec 21, 2024 The measures allow the government to use “deadly force” against unmanned aircraft if they pose an “imminent security threat”.

Pilots operating in restricted zones risk being intercepted and detained by law enforcement, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said in a statement. Residents and officials have also reported spotting unidentified aircraft, believed to be drones, flying above several British bases and U.S. states including Langley AFB, Virginia. It is my opinion that some of these drones are likely UFOs., since drone companies cannot control them with their equipment.

Ruins on Mars

This amazing NASA image has a vehicle in it. What appears to be a pickup truck, a car ramp, mechanical objects an enclosure or remnants of a circular structure and various other fascinating objects are seen.One of the mechanical objects looks like a water heater, and the other is very unusual to say the least. The vehicle appears to have a rounded carrier device possibly for carrying water or fluids. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5920t3zZUs 

Amazing Mars Anomalies◄ NASA Image◄ A Pickup Truck A Car Ramp Mechanical Objects And A Satchel★★★

NASA image PIA17766

RAND Corporation

The RAND Corporation is funded through government contracts and university collaborators. Over 30 Nobel Prize winners have been employed by RAND. From physics to economics, the 2000 person think tank provides high-level information and evaluation to the U.S. government.

RAND has conducted studies in UFO studies, weapons development, intelligence gathering and the design of sensitive underground installations for the USAF. Military personnel are also engaged in their studies.

Battelle Memorial Institute

“Like RAND- Battelle Memorial Institute was heavily engaged by government to study UFOs.” It now appears that Battelle metallurgists likely analyzed the Roswell memory metal retrieved from the 1947 crash. That conclusion was drawn from a “reverse engineering of information” of the literature on shape recovery metal; by the revealing statements of two U.S. Generals; through the confession of analysis by a senior Battelle scientist and by establishing other connections.

But perhaps the most interesting of these telling connections is this: The Director of Battelle at the time of the Roswell crash -Clyde E. Williams- simultaneously sat on the Board of Trustees of the RAND Corporation! Thanks to Deep Secrets of a UFO Think Tank Exposed! by Anthony Bragalia

 Keeping it all in the Family with Ben Rich

Benjamin Rich helped to lead aerospace giant Lockheed Martin as President of Lockheed Advanced Aeronautics. He oversaw the ultra-secret Lockheed “Skunk Works” division where he spearheaded the development of the Stealth bomber and universally acknowledged as “the father of Stealth technology. ‘Ben Rich stated some extremely revealing things about the reality and nature of UFOs before he passed on.

In a letter to his friend and associate John Andrews he replies to Andrew’s observations about the UFO phenomenon. Andrews had written a letter to Rich in which Andrews says, “I believe with certainty in manmade UFOs. I am tending to believe there are also extraterrestrial UFOs.”

 Rich -In handwritten letter- replies to Andrews, “Yes, I am a believer in both categories.” Andrews was a forensic illustrator and aviation model-maker. Before his own death, Andrews related that Rich went further in privately explaining that, “there are two types of UFOs, the ones we build and the ones ‘they’ build.”

Rich told Andrews of his concern that the public should not be told. But Rich told Andrews he had recently changed his mind on this and that, “those involved in dealing with the ‘subject’ could represent a bigger problem to citizens than knowledge of the  visitors themselves.”

Just before he died, Andrews says that Rich confirmed to him that “items” were recovered at the crash at Roswell in 1947. Rich also told associate John Goodall, “We have things at Area 51 that you and the best minds in the world won’t even be able to conceive for the next 30-40 years.” He stated, “We have the technology to take ET home.” In fact, Rich gave numerous clues and hints about the alien reality to several people before he passed.

Scientist William Tompkins

Selected by Extraterrestrials.

Scientist William Tompkins wrote three books and states, “That our planet has been a battleground for warring extraterrestrial cultures for thousands of years. The result has been wars, destruction and attempts to hinder our progress. Recently there has been a great spike in technical innovation due to help from friendly aliens. He believes that perhaps he and many other uniquely talented people have been gifted with skills that more closely reflect what human intelligence is capable of when not held back by outside forces. Regardless of your opinion of the UFO phenomenon, Mr. Tompkins has taken on this subject with energy and claims he designed  eight cylinder shaped craft 600 feet long carrying smaller fighting craft”. He has done extensive research into extraterrestrials and UFOs.  “Tomkins claims the Extraterrestrials also recently, helped develop a great spike in technical innovation in the US. Tomkins was taken into the Navy because of his ability to draw technical plans of ships in world war II. He transferred to . Naval Air Station San Diego , who was commanded by Admiral Abaca who had 29 Navy spies in Germany. They claimed Hitler had signed an agreement with Reptilians which gave Nazis UFOs and the ability to lengthen life

 Navy intelligence operatives would return to a small conference room in a tower at the US base. Data was put into packages and flown to these to top secret Naval Research Facilities , aviation companies, and universities. They were to develop parts of UFOs at Douglas, Lockheed, Northrop, Grumman, JPL, etc.

 After the war, some German scientists and their technology were brought to the US in Project Paperclip along with their advanced technology. Tomkins claims we were able to bring the Roswell alien craft down while using advanced technology.

The first volume of Selected by Extraterrestrials covered the life of Bill Tompkins to about 1970 and did not go deeply into the super-secret briefings he attended with Navy spies reporting the flying disks they had seen. Each book takes the reader into his work in aviation and secret UFO projects. Most of Mars life is underground in various caverns. Some human’s ancestors are from other star systems. “Tomkins worked on the fling wing which was an advanced design of the German Horton jet 229

YB-49 Flying Wing

 

The YB-49 featured a flying wing design was a jet-powered development of the earlier, piston-engine Northrop XB-35. The flying wing was passed over in favor of the more conventional Corvair B-36 piston-driven design. Design work performed in the development of lying wings proved to be valuable decades later in the development of the B-2 stealth bomber, which entered service in the early 1990s.

Technically they had won the competition against the B-36. The Northrop flying wings were more difficult to pick up on radar and could fly much faster and was an excellent bombing platform. Tompkins frequently visited China Lake Naval Station that has a large cavern underground and a network of rail systems underground. Bill Tompkins said he drove up to Lake Isabella on the highway to Walker Pass where his family of five were abducted. They lost time but Tompkins had no recollection of what happened.

William Tomkins joined along with Admiral Webster and developed a Navy League Council from 1982 to 2000 in Southern Oregon. Former Navy officers had been seeing UFOs coming in and out of Mt. Shasta in Northern California. They flew their private planes to attempt to locate the doors that opened to let the craft pass though. Children were being contacted and met with an alien lady who would use holograms to explain ET in Medford, Oregon. Many had taken ETs lessons and later joined the Navy.

 Robert Shiepe Discovered Tiny UAP/UFOs

Numerous Black Tiny 10 inch UFO/UAPs Around Heo8c90te helicopter

Robert Shiepe is the discovery and creator of a new subliminal photography that makes it possible to find and record unknown, fast small moving objects. Robert Shiepe (pictured with his cameras above) lives in Marina Del Rey, Los Angeles. In 2017, he noticed some new unusual flying activity by the Army, Coast Guard and LA Police (LAPD choppers).

Palmdale Orb April 14, 2021

He has recorded and documented over 4000 videos. The authorities are now and have been chasing an uncatchable drone approximately the size of a small group football. These drones are nearly invisible to the human eye (too fast) but not to the camera. For obvious reasons, this story is not yet in the news. He has personally given this information to the echelon of Aviation and the intelligence community and SETI and the Air Force.

Robert Shiepe, Pharmacist, is inventor and founder of the first mail order pharmacy in the United States in 1986.

Robert Shiepe writes, “These small drone-like objects here and now will be referred to as ”Dragons” because their silhouette resembles that of a ‘dragon fly’. These dragons have been chased by many agencies, over 3000 sorties. These dragons are also being recorded by at least three ocean vessels and have been recorded in Marina del Rey and north to Venice beach.”

 Craft photo over FAA building in Oklahoma city

It is a great honor to have earned your trust. Obviously, this is a new science and it will take about another year before people understand these dragons.

 It’s exciting that we are here to share this new advance information with others.

  Again, these UAP activities are happening every day in Marina del Rey, California and the tiny UFOs are following all aircraft into Los Angeles LAX. airport  These tiny UFOs that come out of the Pacific Ocean track every aircraft and helicopter that flies anywhere near Los Angeles. Why do they desire this kind of information?

January  12 2023, we had a powerful video day. The Government Dept of Homeland Security / DHS , sent in a lot of helicopters , like the coast guard , police,  CBS news chopper an the navy Seahawk mh60 Romeo. It was crazy over here. The Seahawk came in ready for bear. the pilot and the gunner had their doors open.

 The gunner did not have a machine gun but a Gatling gun.

 I was lucky enough to get the video. check it out and tell me what you think. Also is it normal for a Seahawk to fly over Los Angeles with a gunner with a Gatling gun ?  seems a bit t too much..

The Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a new  Jan 14, 2023,  report about UFO sightings in the United States. The US government has received over 350 UFO sighting reports since March 2021, half of which remain unexplained.

Many years ago, that  then-vice president of engineering at Seagate Technology told me of his earlier US Air Force experience with UFOs when he was assigned to a Strategic Air Command unit. He told me that SAC and USAF pilots would often detect and track UFOs but were ordered not to submit written reports of sightings.

 For SAC, the “unusual flight pattern” of interest occasionally included UFOs’ accelerating to great speed in one direction and suddenly making sharp (e.g., 90-degree) turns at undiminished speed — seemingly in non-adherence to fundamental laws of physics. He said that the UFOs’ flight speeds sometimes substantially exceeded the capabilities of any   human-built flying craft or device then (and now) in existence. Radar operators were instructed to deny they had UFOs on their screens and to divert the aircraft away from the UFOs.

British Laser  in Use in Ukraine

 UKRAINE has unveiled a laser weapon dubbed ‘Trident’ that blasts aerial threats at the speed of light. The Star Wars-style weapon can shoot down drones and planes from over a mile away and could give Ukraine an advantage as the Russian offensive slowly creeps forward.

Britain’s Dragon Fire laser could have been used to help with Ukraine’s designs

Credit: MOD/DSTL

 Ukrainian troops will use the laser to shoot drones and planes out of the sky Credit: Reuters   A Ukrainian commander revealed the existence of the weapon, called “Tryzub”, during a defense conference on Monday.

Colonel Vadym Sukharevskyi, who commands Ukraine’s unmanned forces, said Ukraine was only the fifth country to have an operational laser. He said: “Ukraine has laser weaponry called ‘Trident.’ “It really works; it really exists. “As of now, we can use this laser to shoot down aircraft at altitudes of over 2 kilometers.”Tryzub is the name of the golden trident on Ukraine’s coat of arms and is the symbol of the country.It is not yet clear how Ukraine developed the weapon – but they could have had help from a similar UK design.Former Defence Secretary Grant Shapps suggested back in April the UK’s own laser weapon Dragon Fire could be sent to Ukraine.

New Jersey Orb

Orb photographed near Princeton, NJ after December 21, snow by George F ox

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FILER’S FILES - Jan. 1 2025 - Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey - PART II

FILER’S FILES - Jan. 1 2025 - Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey - PART II

Oklahoma city over FAA Headquarters in  on September 26, 2024

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

MUFON Eastern Region Director

President Air Force & Space Association NJ 310

Awarded Bronze Star in Air Force

 New Jersey State Director Emeritus

Special reports General Twining – Discs Are Something Real , Mystery of the Black Triangles, Photo of Moon Base, Alien Beings at Top-Secret Facility, Drone & UFO Sightings Over New Jersey, Ruins on Mars, RAND Corporation,  Selected by Extraterrestrials. Benjamin Rich ,Robert Shiepe Discovered Tiny UAP/UFOs, British Laser  in Use in Ukraine , and ASTEROID

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than forty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Special Reports

ASTEROIDS

NASA is on high alert as several massive asteroids are expected to make close passes by Earth12345. These asteroids are being tracked by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)125.;NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is on high alert as two significant asteroids, designated 2024 QG and 2021 RA10, are expected to make close passes by Earth on August 28, 2024.
Read more at: https://www.oneindia.com/international/nasa-on-high-alert-two-massive-asteroids-racing-towards-earth-today-3919147.html   hanks to Dr. Bruce Cornet

Strange Craft

The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and aviators who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II.  These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.

 During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.

 From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,

 Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public. Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L. Guerra. https://amzn.to/2SK3SIQ

Support Earth Changing Research

I have put together a flash drive of the last twenty-two years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings that will explain the phenomena and the importance to your life and your family. Additionally, I have included my book that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me in authoring the book. We are asking for a donation of $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.

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Filer’s Files Dec - 15th 2024 - Merry Christmas

Filer’s Files Dec - 15th 2024 - Merry Christmas - PART I

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

MUFON Eastern Region Director

President Air Force & Space Association NJ 310

Awarded Bronze Star in Air Force

Www.nationalUFOcenter.com.

New Jersey State Director Emeritus

 Special reports are: The Bible and Unidentified Flying Objects at Christmas, Energy from Ancient Menhir Monuments, New Jersey. big drones, and carbon 60

 

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than fifty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

Special Reports

 The Bible and Unidentified Flying Objects at Christmas

 

Bible and UFOs by Preacher BARRY DOWNING

At Christmas time it would be interesting to review some of the teachings of the Bible because I feel it is one of the most important books on Earth that describes, their occupants and give us information on why they are here. 

 The Bible states,” In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. And God made man in his image, in the image of God.” If he made us in the image of God it is likely he made other aliens in his image as we are.

 According to the Bible you have a mortal body and soul and spirit that is immortal. The term soul is used 754 times in the Bible and we’re told the soul is the invisible spiritual part of man, a living organism. The Bible claims you have a soul, a life force that continues after death as outlined by Barry Downing  in The Bible and Flying Saucers.

 At the time we take our last breath the soul or spirit leaves the body and some people who have technically died, like my brother say they hovered above their own body for 20 minutes only to return to live again.

 Many medical personnel claim to have seen the spirit leave the body at the time the physical body dies.

 Transfiguration OR SOUL LEAVING THE BODY

My wife who was helping her brother walk at the time of his death, felt his body become lighter as  his spirit left, followed by his full weight. This time of year, we celebrate the birth of Christ who was announced by angels, and his star was seen in the east.

One of the key parts of the Bible explains the transfiguration of Jesus that illustrates why we celebrate Christmas. “And after six days Jesus took with him Peter and James and John his brother and led them up a high mountain.  And Jesus was transfigured before them, and his face shone like the sun, and his garments became white as light.  And behold, there appeared to them Moses and Elijah. And Peter said to Jesus, “Lord it is well that we are here; if you wish, I will make three shelters here, one for you, one for Moses, and one for Elijah.”  He was still speaking, when lo, a bright cloud overshadowed them, and a voice from the cloud said, “This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased: listen to him.”  When the disciples heard this, they fell on their faces and were filled with awe.” (Matthew 17). The scene represents that Jesus glory shone out through His human form according to Unger’s Bible Dictionary and represents one of the most important events of His life on Earth.

To analyze the scripture from a Ufologist standpoint, we learn that Jesus takes three witnesses up a mountain where they meet two of the patriarchs of the Bible.The word cloud is likely a UFO.

A ANGEL  ANNOUNCING BIRTH OF JESUS

Both Moses and Elijah who had been dead for hundreds of years meet with Jesus and are wearing clothes and are able to talk but are seen in a glorified state representative of those who have come into the Kingdom of God. Their souls or spirits are able to return to Earth alive. Of interest to us is that they are passengers aboard a bright cloud similar to ones often reported in these files. The word cloud or clouds are used 156 times in the Bible and describe anything that flies in the sky except birds or insects.  The unidentified flying bright cloud we are told also carries God, who blesses Jesus, and gives his approval and blessing. 

The Bible and Torah are filled with references to clouds, pillars of clouds or pillars of fire or flying rugs. The allusions to clouds in Scripture, as well as their use in symbolical language, can only be understood when we remember the climate.

 where there is hardly a trace of cloud from May to the end of September. Clouds are referred to as showing the power and wisdom of God in their formation. (Psalms 135.6).  I suggest that this story is true, that key figures in the Bible ride on a bright cloud or UFO. Perhaps messengers from Heaven continue to ride in UFOs looking for spirits or souls at the time of death of our bodies from Earth and take us to Heaven? We also learn that God tells us to listen to Jesus’ message. Apparently millions have believed and each year we celebrate the birth of Christ at Christmas that occurred some 2016 years ago. If we believe His message we are promised ever-lasting life. Of course, if the promise is untrue, we will all die. However, if it is true that our soul lives on, I’ll meet you in Heaven!  Merry Christmas and public holidays around the world.

Jesus stated, “In my Father’s house are many mansions: if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.” Many scriptures describe Heaven as a planet in the Northern sky with God, angels, armies, land, structures, trees and animals.

Angels are described as superhuman beings who are messengers of God who travel to our world. Some have spiritual bodies but most appear as real beings with personal bodies that have feelings, passion, emotions and desires.

We are told angels come from a planet called Heaven and are given credit for many healings and the protection of many people throughout history.

The Bible records 104 appearances of angels to men on Earth and that one third of the angels rebelled against God and came to Earth to  deceive man.

In the first chapter of Mathew in the New Testament, we are told the Holy Spirit visited the Virgin Mary. The angel went to her and said, “Greetings you are highly favored!  The Lord is with you.”  Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be.  But, the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, you have found favor with God.  You will be with child and give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus.  He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. 

 In the first chapter of Mathew in the New Testament, we are told the Holy Spirit visited the Virgin Mary. The angel went to her and said, “Greetings you are highly favored!  The Lord is with you.”  Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be.  But, the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, you have found favor with God.  You will be with child and give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus.  He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.  The Lord God will give him the throne of his Father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, his kingdom will never end”. Mary asked the angel, “How can this be, since I am a virgin?”  The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you.  So, the holy one to be born will be called the Son of God!”  Luke 1-verses 26 to 35

Note: We can speculate Time Travel or advanced technology allows angels to travel from Heaven to Earth and carry out various missions. I have met people who have seen and talked to angels and have been healed by them. Many claim their lives were saved by angels. The allegations are often similar to stories about seeing extraterrestrials.

People often feel as if it would take a miracle for something to happen which would defy all odds — a meaningful coincidence — to quell our troubles. I have found these miracles can occur when people pray.

There are apparently angels who Guard us while others tempt us. The Bible claims that the angels are sent by the Father in Heaven who promises the greatest gift of all, ‘eternal life.’ I have studied the Bible, the Torah, the Koran and many ancient writings. The angels, the messengers of God, brought the Holy Scriptures to humans. Think of these ancient writings as not only religious but also as technical and historical documents .

UFOs could  be God’s angelic host

Billy Graham the friend of most of our recent Presidents and has preached the Gospel to more people in live audiences than anyone else in history—nearly 215 million people in more than 185 countries. He wrote in his book “Angels, God’s Secret Agents”

“Some Christian writers have speculated that UFOs could very well be a part of God’s angelic host who preside over the physical affairs of universal creation.”

The Bible states, “That night shepherds were in the fields guarding their flocks of sheep and suddenly an angel appeared among them, and the landscape shone bright with the glory of the Lord. They were badly frightened, but the angel reassured them. “Don’t be afraid! I will bring you the most joyful news ever announced, and it is for everyone! The Savior-yes the Messiah, the Lord-has been born tonight in Bethlehem! How will you recognize him? You will find a baby wrapped in a blanket, lying in a manager! Suddenly the angel was joined by a vast host of others—armies of heaven-praising God: Glory to God in the highest heaven, they sang, “and peace on earth for all those pleasing him.” (Luke 2) The armies of heaven may actually describe UFOs that are often seen in large numbers.

 Dr. Billy Graham says, “Angels have a much more important place in the Bible than the devil and his demons.” In Angels God’s Secret Agents” Dr. Graham combines the fascinating experiences of those who are certain they have been attended by angels with what the Bible says about angels from on high. Here is ringing assurance to all Christians that through angels God is present for His People. We can take comfort in the fact that, with the host of angels at God’s call, we are not alone. Dr. Graham looks also at how angels are to help people minister the message of the gospel of Christ. In the middle of the book he talks about Hebrews 11 where he believes angels helped and protected some people who accomplished amazing things for God.

Ancient Sumerian texts as well as the Bible reveal the existence of angels or Anunnaki, ‘Those who from Heaven to Earth Came.’ Only in recent years has modern science caught up with ancient scientific knowledge. Angels are depicted by many who have seen them often appear similar to the reports of Nordic aliens. While Draco’s or Reptilians are often identified with the Devil.

 These angelic visitors are according to most of the great historic religious writings of mankind and much of Earth’s history revolves around these visitors from space who are often identified as Gods or angels.  In  Indian Vedic writings the topmost authority is known as Brahma, and he lives in the highest material planetary system, called Brahmaloka or Heaven. It seems reasonable to assume the most sacred writings of our ancestors are not simply myths, but are based on actual visits by angels, ET visitors, divas’ or whatever you choose to call them. They are often given credit for bringing writing, agriculture, and religion to Earth. Thousands of books, art and songs have been authored describing their interactions with Earth.

ET ORIGINS of Humanity

 A few years ago, I had dinner with Zecharia Sitchin felt that only in recent years has modern science caught up with ancient scientific knowledge.

The Bible often mentions angels in glowing metal craft of the divine glory and brightness and the appearance of fire as in the Hebrew word ‘hashmal.’ The descriptions of Ezekiel (1:4, 8:2) clearly indicate brilliant highly polished glowing yellow like brass or electrum an alloy of silver and gold.

One Minute After You Die

 Erwin Lutzer says, “Someone you know is about to pass away. Will they enter delight or horror? Many people spend more time planning for a vacation than preparing for eternity. The bestselling book, “One Minute After You Die” opens a window on eternity with a simple and moving explanation of what the Bible teaches about death.” Erwin W. Lutzer brings a biblical and pastoral perspective to the death. Perhaps it doesn’t seem real that we will still exist—fully conscious and alive—beyond the grave. But it’s true, and it calls for careful consideration. The world seems more dangerous now with Hamas, China, Russia, Iran. Ebola, ISIS, and the threat of nuclear war increasing.

The central doctrine of Christianity is that Jesus died to save sinners from eternal doom. Until we see ourselves as deserving of that fate, we will never understand the cross. The Bible tells us that one day we’ll stand before the judgment seat of Christ. But how often do we reflect on what that means? Many believe as long as I’m a good person, I’ll go to heaven.” Wrong!

Erwin Lutzer says, “A person must accept Jesus as Lord and Savior to get your ticket for Heaven.” For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.” Romans 10:13, He challenges you to thoughtfully re-examine your eternal destination—while there’s still time. Making wise judgments in an anything-goes world is the Christian’s mandate—and it’s not easy! Many religions and stories concerning death and recovery confirm that we possess a soul or an inner life-force, because you have an unlimited potential inside you. According to the Bible , “Your soul will continue to live on after death. My late friend

L t. Col. Wendell Stevens and William Sherwood , claim the reason angels have come to earth is to take the souls of believers to Heaven. John Lear and other insiders claim our soul, or our life force is the key to understanding UFOs. Your soul or life force that continues after the death of your body is the most valuable part of you. A simple belief in Jesus, may send you to Heaven and hopefully we’ll meet there.

“Angels in Starships” reports:

“The UFO object again moved through the sky to a point where it hovered over a group of trees. Now I can observe it better than before. On the upper part was a large dome, on whose highest point a dazzling white light that illuminated the disc and its surroundings completely.

T\he domes had small round windows around it, from which a similar light shone. This light was stronger, but rather than blinding the eyes, it seemed to evoke an overall pleasant feeling within me. I was drawn to this light as if under a spell and felt an unaccustomed joy within me which bestowed a blessing.”

From this luminous disc I heard the voice of Raphael speaking to me. “It is not the first time,” he said, “that we have met with men of Earth in this manner.

From everlasting, we have spoken with mankind from our space vehicles, flying discs and starships. In your holy scriptures you have read that the Lord spoke to men of Earth from out of a cloud; your present encounter is no different from that which was experienced by your forefathers throughout the ages’

Angels God’s Messengers from Heaven
UFO contact from Angels In  Starships

 

Scientist Dr. Carl Sagan in his book, “Intelligent Life in the Universe” with I. S. Shklovskiĭ indicated Earth had likely been visited by extraterrestrial’s. He states: “Sumer was an early–perhaps the first  civilization the contemporary sense on the planet Earth.

  It was founded in the fourth millennium B.C. or earlier. We don’t know where the Sumerians came from. I feel that if the Sumerian civilization is depicted by the descendants of the Sumerians themselves to be of non-human origin, the relevant legends should be examined carefully.” (Page 456)

He goes on to ask, “What might an advanced extraterrestrial civilization want from us? “He answered his own question by stating, “One of the primary motivations for the exploration of the New World was to convert the inhabitants to Christianity — peacefully if possible — forcefully if necessary. Can we exclude the possibility of an extraterrestrial evangelism?”  (Page 463) The most knowledgeable people in the UFO field frequently mention Religion is of prime importance in understanding our visitors. https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF8#q=intelligent%20life%20in%20the%20universe%20carl%20sagan.

Touching Heaven

For several years I have subscribed to Dr. Chauncey Crandall’s Heart Health Report that I found very informative. Now he has written an amazing book about how a doctor’s glimpses of eternity.

  One quarter of all deaths is heart related. He sees firsthand those dying on earth, and what happens after death. Dr. Crandall a Cardiologist knows his patients well.

 When they are dying, he sits at the bedside with them and holds their hands. He prays with them. Sometimes he can feel what they feel and see what they see. At other times his patients have near-death experiences and “come back” with astonishing descriptions of the afterlife

 . In “Touching Heaven,” Dr. Crandall reveals how what he has seen and heard that has convinced him that God is real, and that we are created for a divine purpose, that death is not the end, that we will see our departed loved ones again, and that we are closer to the next world than we think.

Are you seeing these messages, these signs, and these gifts with spiritual eyes — or missing them with your physical ones? In “Touching Heaven”, you will see how to connect with God by seeing His marvels and by acknowledging His gifts. You will discover the power of spiritual touch — physically laying hands on someone’s forehead or shoulders.

You will read what it means to be “slain in the spirit” — when people often fall down in a gentle, graceful swoon or undergo other physical reactions after being touched by God’s Holy Spirit.

 You also will see what the demonic forces of Satan can do to people — and how to use the Word against these dark powers of evil. Fortunately, darkness cannot remain where the light of heaven falls. You will see why, as a believer, you carry the power of heaven with you into every situation. Dr. Crandall says, “Use my experiences as a steppingstone on your own path to operating in the light of heaven. Believe me, you will be forever changed. God Puts Us Where He Wants Us for a Specific Purpose. While thirsting for my own “tribe” to minister to, I decided I would even quit medicine and go into full-time ministry — if that was what God wanted.”

But as I listened, I heard the voice of God tell me my work was with my medical patients. My role in life is to help heal them — and save them. I also felt the Lord prompting me to pray with them personally, if they would allow it. Only one patient has ever turned me down. And with just this single addition to my spiritual life, I’ve seen miracles happen. One patient, Earl, was in heart failure and waiting for a donor heart. He had been on intensive life support for months and couldn’t even lift his head off the pillow. After praying for him, the next day Earl was sitting up. His heart eventually became so healed that he never needed that heart transplant. I want to be clear: It was not me; it was the power of God, activated by prayer.”

I don’t question the presence of heaven anymore, and I hope after hearing of my experiences, you won’t either. You see, after everything I’ve witnessed, heaven is more real and tangible to me than ever. In Jeremiah, we are told: “You will seek Me and find Me, when you search for Me with all your heart.” And while I fight for the lives of my patients, I am no longer content to focus merely on their mechanical hearts and their physical well-being. Book: Touching Heaven – By Dr. Chauncey Crandall‎ Adw3.hearthealthreport.com/‎Special: Yours for Only $4.95

 “The more I study science, the more I believe in God.” – Albert Einstein

 

Albert Einstein’s name has become synonymous with the word “genius.”  He was a theoretical physicist who is most commonly known for developing the theory of relativity and the most famous equation (E = mc2) for mass/energy equivalence. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 and published more than 300 scientific papers.

The implications of these scientific finds would reinforce claims by other scientists and observers of having contact with ‘off-world’ human looking extraterrestrials.

The ‘off-world’ human looking extraterrestrials have been claimed to have provided some of the genetic material for human evolution, and claim they are in fact our ancestors. Genesis 6 states, “The Nephilim were on the earth in those days–and also afterward–when the sons of God went to the daughters of humans and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.”

Most of humanity would consider this group of extraterrestrials to be ‘benevolent’ as described by ‘contactees’ such as George Adamski,  George Van Tassell, Howard Menger, and Alex Collier who each explain the nature of their voluntary interactions with these human looking extraterrestrials. These “contactees” often provide physical evidence in the form of photographs, film and/or witnesses of their contacts with extraterrestrial races.

Naval Interest in UFOs

 While the U.S. Air Force has always been associated with the study of the UFO phenomenon the Air Intelligence Division Study No. 203 with the help of the Office of Naval Intelligence presents the first important clue that the Pentagon was well aware of the phenomenon’s marine nature. This document is one of the rarest documents in the national archives linking the Office of Naval Intelligence to any association with the investigation of the phenomenon. This secret document of December 1948 records the observation that “Sightings have been most intense throughout the states bordering The Atlantic and Pacific coastlines”

 It implies that a year ago the Navy created a special secret group to investigate strange aerial and marine manifestations. Study 203 represents the tip of an iceberg, of naval involvement with the phenomenon that has gone unrecognized for over a hundred years. UFOs didn’t invade America’s airspace from Canada or Mexico they appeared from the sea.  A considerable collection of data indicates Naval experience with the phenomenon dated back to at least 1900.        

   

Became an admiral Frank Schofield

  The first journal to routinely publish reports about the phenomenon as early as the 1900’s was the U.S. Naval Hydrographic Office’s “Notice to Mariners’ and the first name given to the enigmatic phenomenon by that same office was “Celestial Phenomenon” seen at sea. Almost fifty years later the air force would call these same enigmatic objects “Unidentified Flying Objects”.

One account published in “Notice to Mariners” provides insight into an early serious naval interest in UFOs. Curious sightings of strange flying objects seen at sea are common in marine history. 

 The UFO sighting of Lt. Frank Schofield later promoted to admiral while aboard the USS Supply, off the coast of California on the 28th of February 1904 and reported in “Notices to Mariners”. Schofield’s account was: “The meteors appeared near the horizon and below the clouds, traveling in a group from Northwest to North directly toward the ship”.  At first their angular motion was rapid and color a rather bright red. As they approached the ship they appeared to soar, passing above the clouds at an elevation of about 45 degrees. After rising above the clouds their angular motion became less, when they appeared to be moving directly away from the Earth at an elevation of about 75 degrees West. It was noted that the color became less pronounced than the meteors gained in elevation. When sighted, the largest meteor was in the lead, followed by the second in size and third in size flying in formation.  The largest meteor had an apparent area of about six suns. It was egg shaped the sharper end forward.  The after end was regular and in full outline”. “The second and third meteors were round and showed no imperfections in shape. The second meteor was estimated to be twice the size of the sun in appearance, and the third meteor about the size of the sun”. 

“The near approach of these meteors to the surface and the subsequent flight away from the surface appeared to be most remarkable. The meteors were in sight for over two minutes and were carefully observed by three people, whose accounts agree as to details. “

  This account is a typical marine UFO sighting in a massive collection of sightings except, the witness later would become Admiral Schofield, Commander In Chief, of the Pacific Fleet in the 1930s. The accountability and detail of the Schofield sighting could only confirm suspicions, collected from numerous historical marine reports that unidentified aerial objects were operating over the Earth’s oceans and seas.

When military personnel who have had UFO experiences rise to the highest levels of military hierarchy it would be prudent to expect that they would give the UFO reality exacting consideration throughout their careers.

It is likely a secret Naval project was formed later in the century to analyze the plenteous collection of worldwide UFO sightings is certainly magnified when Lieutenant Schofield’s UFO sighting, and his ascent in the naval hierarchy are considered. The rise of Schofield to CIC of the Pacific Fleet with a perception of an unusual marine phenomenon certainly should have influenced the development and direction of naval UFO investigations. Frank H. Schofield was in a position to have had a pivotal influence on the Office of Naval Intelligence concerning UFO investigations.Thanks to Hank Worbetz

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/category/filers-files/ }

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Filer’s Files Dec - 15th 2024 - Merry Christmas - PART II

Filer’s Files Dec - 15th 2024 - Merry Christmas - PART II

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

MUFON Eastern Region Director

President Air Force & Space Association NJ 310

Awarded Bronze Star in Air Force

Www.nationalUFOcenter.com.

New Jersey State Director Emeritus

 Special reports are: The Bible and Unidentified Flying Objects at Christmas, Energy from Ancient Menhir Monuments, New Jersey. big drones, and carbon 60

 

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force and DOD investigated UFOs for more than fifty years; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

Special Reports

Energy from Ancient Menhir Monuments

Cosmic Energy Research reports they have been studying ancient stone structures and their related places of power and energy. First, there were separate stones of various sizes, called menhirs, later followed by groupings of stones, then more sophisticated big circle structures like Knowth shown here and some pyramids are energy accumulators.

 Archaeologists assume that menhirs were built for cult-related, agricultural, calendar, and astronomic purposes. From our research, it was discovered most of the menhirs were structures that created energy or were chosen because of their inherent power. Menhirs focus or accumulate energy. In order for a menhir to function as an energy accumulator, it must be insulated from the bedrock with suitable natural materials.

Expert literature states how the ground under earth bulwarks were adjusted. In his work “Stones of Time,” on Page 91 Martin Brennan describes how the structure in Knowth has been insulated”. Layers of grass and clay are sandwiched with layers of slate and pebble-stone. Hundreds of menhirs are located on the American continent, the United Kingdom, and China. Quartz for example is thought to induce clairvoyance and is ideal for crystal gazing. The association with crystals and spiritual communication is worldwide. Granite often has innate radioactivity, electrical and vibratory characteristics.

 When I visited Stonehenge, my family and I could feel the energy from the stones and thought we could hear the sound from the stones. This may be a type of healing energy or a method for communication, or even an anti-gravity system. The boulders at Stonehenge weigh 25 tons and more and the Blue Stones were brought from a hundred miles away from Wales or Ireland. Fiery balls of light and frequent crop circles are reported in the area.

 In Maria’s book “Stonehenge’s Elongated Skulls”, the people with the long skulls built long structures and later Stonehenge, Avebury and numerous archeological sites. People with elongated skulls were rulers in Egypt, Sumer, and Peru and associated with royalty. The mummified remains of  Pharaohs often have elongated skulls. Pharaoh Akhenaton and Queen Nefertiti in Egypt who believed in one God had elongated skulls.

Elongated skulls buried in  graves Near Stonehenge

Maria had evaluated the remains of the elongated skulls and determined they were all murdered and their long lost history lost. Apparently, a group of invaders decided to eradicate the people of the elongated skulls after they settled the area for hundreds of years. She also discovered a Neolithic High Queen that was laid to rest in the largest and longest barrow ever constructed in prehistoric Britain. Her book explains the untold history of the elongated skulls and how it was hidden from the Western world. 

 It is thought the elongated skulls found in the Stonehenge area may not be human The skull shown with teeth was found at West Kennet Long Barrow not far from Stonehenge. The other picture is from NASA showing the skull or a sculptured rock from Mars that suggests Martians or other aliens had elongated skulls. Some areas of Mars have pyramids and Pharaoh like statues. The entire Stonehenge area has exceptional people with elongated skulls that may have come from Mars or some other planet attempting to reproduce similar structures on Mars. They built Silbury Hill the largest prehistoric man-made mound in Europe called the “Hill of the Shining Beings, We know that Mars atmosphere and water diminished with some type of catastrophe and that gravity there is much less than on Earth. Mars gravity is only one sixth of Earths and to launch a spaceship from Mars would be relatively easy compared to a craft leaving Earth.

Some of the people with elongated skulls were buried in the West Kennet Long Barrow a Neolithic tomb, situated on a prominent chalk ridge, near Silbury Hill, in Wiltshire, England. The construction of the West Kennet Long Barrow commenced about 3600 BC, which is some 400 years before the first stage Stonehenge, and it was in use until around 2500 BC.

 

Maria Wheatley states, “We have studied and understand the archaeology of Avebury; however, archaeology alone can never fully answer why such magnificent sites as Avebury, Silbury Hill and Stonehenge, barrows and Curses’ were skillfully crafted by our ancient ancestors. The prehistoric architects of ancient sites were acutely aware of the Earth’s magnetic energies, which they carefully integrated into the foundation plans of their monuments using long-lost technology. At Stonehenge, for example, certain megaliths, such as the Altar Stone, were positioned above a geometric earth energy pattern, known as geospiral, to harness the earth force, which perpetually charged the stone with magnetic energy. We can locate these enigmatic patterns in the ritual landscape and begin to sense their energetic power.”

Note: There is strong evidence that ancient humans worshiped disc shaped and cylinder shaped flying objects. American Indians in Ohio were buried in their mounds with small flat flint circular stones. Although writing has not been found, it is possible to infer that disc objects observed in the sky became objects of worship.  

Read more: 

While in the Air Force I chased a mile long Mothership over England based on the length shown on the ground and airborne radars. The ancient Britain’s would have been impressed like I was about the huge cylinder shaped craft and may have made designated landing places for the craft. Nearby is the Stonehenge Cursus a long rectangular earthwork that runs for about 3km (1.8 miles) on an east-west alignment and 400 feet wide.

It was built during the Neolithic period, around 3100BC, making it slightly earlier than the circular bank and ditch of the first phase of Stonehenge. Although similar Cursus monuments exist in England and many theories have been put forward, scientists do not know the purpose of these mysterious monuments.

      Cylinder overlaid on Stonehenge Cursus

  They generally survive 3000 years only as marks, and 6 foot ditches that are visible mainly from the air. Curses’ (plural ‘cursūs’ or ‘cursuses’) was a name given by early British archaeologists such as William Stukeley to the large parallel lengths of banks with external ditches which they thought were early Roman RACE courses, hence the Latin name cursus, meaning “course.” Cursus monuments are now understood to be Neolithic structures and represent some of the oldest prehistoric monumental structures of the British Isles and Europe landscapes.

 Examples include the four cursuses around England.  A notable example is the Stonehenge Cursus, within sight of the more famous Stonehenge. Note: There is strong evidence that ancient man worshiped disc shaped and cylinder shaped objects. It appears the cylinder craft landed in the cursus archaeological site since they have the same shape and size

Mothership photographed over Rhode Island  

Vancouver reported 116 UFO sightings more than any other Canadian city. The city that once played host to The X-Files is also the best place in Canada to spot a flying saucer, according to the Canadian UFO Survey. That’s right: If the truth is out there, Vancouver is probably a good place to find it.  Astronomer Chris Rutkowski said, “The sheer number of sightings – 1,100 in all of Canada last year – demands further research.

       

UFOS are REAL

“Are we looking at a real phenomenon? Is there a psychological phenomenon accounting for all this?” said Rutkowski, who works with the Canadian UFO Survey. “Why do people persist in seeing something that supposedly shouldn’t be there?”  Vancouver has been a UFO hot spot for years, according to the survey, and B.C. was second only to Ontario for sighting. About 300 UFOs were reported across the province, with sightings peaking between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m.

 Mysterious aircraft are flying over New Jersey. Here’s what big drones are made for

NJ Drone Photographer- Dave Kotinsky — NJ Drone

I n New Jersey: Residents have reported seeing drones the size of small cars flying around at night; officials are unsure if they’re seeing anything unusual, or if these are drones at all.

But even if the New Jersey sightings turn out to be something else, large drones do exist. And they can have a wide range of potential applications for hobbyists, commercial users or the military, according to unmanned aircraft experts.” Ryan Wallace, associate professor of aeronautical engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, told CNN. Drone sightings? Law enforcement officials, including the FBI, are still trying to confirm what exactly New Jersey residents are seeing and where they’re coming from — or if they’re drones at all, versus regular airplanes, flying normal routes, that people are misidentifying.  “We have reports from the public and law enforcement dating back several weeks,” the FBI field office in Newark said New Jersey residents have described seeing drones flying overhead, sometimes in clusters. Drone sightings have been reported around Morris and Somerset counties, according to local officials. Both counties are in the New York metropolitan area Drones are reported over Maryland, Virginia, California, and a Congressman claims Iranian’s have a ship  launching the drones. This was denied by the government.       Story by Clare Duffy

 Strange Craft

The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and aviators who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II.  These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.

 During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.

 From objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,

 Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public.  Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L. Guerra. 

UfFO SIGHTINGS REPORTS COVER-UPS

by William G. Weber and George Filer  Authors

The  book covers some historical documented cases as well as those that touch us with modern technology today. As you read the chapters you will see the attempts to cover-up and even discredit witnesses to the actual ighing events.

The hope here is to provide subject matter to stimulate thought that perhaps we are not alone. Bill Weber, a former MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) State Director, who brings over 26 years of experience within the field of Ufology.

 He has been a guest speaker on several radio shows, local TV and has presented his research at State and local conferences in Delaware, New Jersey, Connecticut and Pennsylvania. He shares some of his cases and research within this book to enlighten those who read it.

 Both a  Kindle Edition and Paper book edition

 George Filer writes a complete story of the Alien found dead at McGuire Air Force Base.

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/category/filers-files/ }

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Scientists reveal face of 'completely unknown' human ancestor that rewrites history of our evolution

Scientists have reconstructed the face of a long-lost human ancestor that may have played a critical role in our evolution.

They used the Harbin skull, also known as 'Dragon Man,' which is a 150,000-year-old nearly complete human skull discovered in China in 1933.

Paleoartist John Gurche utilized fossils and genetic data from the extinct species to recreate plastic replicas of remains.

He estimated the facial features of the ancient hominid using the eye-to-socket size ratio that is shared between African Apes and modern humans, and by measuring aspects of the skull's bone structure to determine the shape and size of the nose. 

Gurche then overlaid muscle on to the face by following markings on the skull left behind from chewing, revealing the first true look at an 'unknown human.'

The species, named 'Denisovans' after a cave some of their remains were found in, lived between 200,000 and 25,000 years ago.

Their fossil and DNA records show that they lived on the Tibetan plateau, but traveled far and wide, with traces of their presence found in Southeast Asia, Siberia and Oceania.

Scientists first sequenced their genetic code in 2010 using a 60,000-year-old finger bone recovered from Denisova Cave in Siberia, finding Denisovan DNA in modern-day humans all over the world and particularly in Papua New Guinea populations.

Scientists have reconstructed the face of a long-lost human ancestor that may have played a critical role in our evolution

Scientists have reconstructed the face of a long-lost human ancestor that may have played a critical role in our evolution

This is strong evidence to suggest that Denisovans interbred with Homo sapiens before they disappeared. Alongside Neanderthals, these ancient humans are our closest extinct relatives. 

Researchers believe that this crossbreeding helped Homo sapiens adapt to new environments as they expanded their range across the world, and thus played an important part in our evolutionary history. 

Despite a wave of research over the last two decades, much remains unknown about these early humans, as their fossil record is incredibly sparse compared to that of Neanderthals. 

But thanks to a skull that was hidden in northeastern China for over 80 years, we can now see what our Denisovan ancestors really looked like. 

The skull was found by a worker in Harbin, China in 1933. While it is similar in size to a modern human cranium, it has a wider mouth and a more prominent brow.

Upon discovering the remarkably complete 150,000-year-old fossil, he hid it inside a well where it remained for the rest of the 20th century. 

In 2018, the skull resurfaced when the Chinese worker told his grandson about it shortly before he died. 

Today, this fossil is known as the Harbin skull. 

But there is a strong possibility that the Harbin skull is Denisovan, researchers say. A paleoartist used a plastic replica of this skull to begin reconstructing the Denisovan's face

But there is a strong possibility that the Harbin skull is Denisovan, researchers say. A paleoartist used a plastic replica of this skull to begin reconstructing the Denisovan's face

The primary evidence to support the Harbin's skull's Denisovan lineage is the morphological similarity between it and a jawbone found in Xiahe Cave on the Tibetan Plateau in 1980

The primary evidence to support the Harbin's skull's Denisovan lineage is the morphological similarity between it and a jawbone found in Xiahe Cave on the Tibetan Plateau in 1980

Gurche used this skull to create a lifelike reconstruction of the Denisovan face. 

Paleoartists use fossils and genetic data to determine what ancient species looked like when they were alive, then create models or illustrations of their appearance.

Gurche is famous for his hyperrealistic sculptures. His goal is always to get as close as he can to 'looking into the eyes of these extinct species,' he told National Geographic. 

He used a plastic replica of the Harbin skull, commissioned by National Geographic, to begin making his Denisovan model. 

Then, Gurche estimated the size of the Denisovan's eyes using comparative anatomy, which is the process of comparing and contrasting the anatomy of different species. 

He knew African apes and humans share a similar ratio of eyeball diameter to eye socket size, so he used this ratio to sculpt the eyes.

As for the nose, Gurche studied and carefully measured the bone structure of the Harbin skull to infer how wide the nasal cartilage might have been, and how far the nose protruded out from the face.

Many other fossils of Denisovan lineage have been recovered across the world, including this molar found in in Laos. But compared to Neanderthals, the Denisovan fossil record is sparse

Many other fossils of Denisovan lineage have been recovered across the world, including this molar found in in Laos. But compared to Neanderthals, the Denisovan fossil record is sparse

All human skulls bear markings that indicate the position of the chewing muscles on the sides of the head, so he used these in addition to other measurements that indicate their thickness in order to build out the Denisovan's face shape. 

  • The Denisovan facial reconstruction is featured on February 2025 cover of National Geographic

The Denisovan facial reconstruction is featured on February 2025 cover of National Geographic 

The end result is a lifelike, science-backed rendering of this ancient human's appearance, offering the most realistic look at our Denisovan's ancestors to-date.

For more on this story, visit Natgeo.com. 

Today, the Harbin skull's lineage is still debated as there is no definitive genetic evidence to confirm what species it belongs to. 

But experts believe there is a strong possibility that the skull is Denisovan. 

The primary evidence to support this is the morphological similarity between the Harbin skull and a jawbone found in Xiahe Cave on the Tibetan Plateau in 1980. 

Although the 160,000-year-old jawbone found 45 years ago contained no viable traces of genetic material, scientists were able to identify its lineage in 2016 using a new technique that indirectly analyzes a fossil's DNA through its longer-lasting proteins. 

Unraveling exactly how the Denisovans were able to travel thousands of miles across the world, and why they disappeared, will require more fossils

Unraveling exactly how the Denisovans were able to travel thousands of miles across the world, and why they disappeared, will require more fossils

article image

That analysis revealed that the jawbone was Denisovan, and its similarity to the Harbin skull suggests that fossil likely is  too. 

What's more, the skull was found within the known geographic range of Denisovans, and was dated to a similar age. 

Based on this evidence, some experts believe the Harbin skull is the most complete Denisovan fossil ever found. 

Though this new look at the Denisovan face marks a major leap forward in scientists' understanding of this extinct human species, unraveling exactly how they were able to travel thousands of miles across the world, and why they disappeared, will require more fossils.  

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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Army Green Beret claims alien technology recovered from UFO crash is stored at underground Naval base

Army Green Beret claims alien technology recovered from UFO crash is stored at underground Naval base

An Army Green Beret has made startling claims about encountering alien technology inside a secret underground US Navy base in 2014.

Randy Anderson, who served eight years in the Army Special Forces, was conducting weapons training at the Naval Support Activity Crane in Indiana when he and another Green Beret were escorted into an elevator and taken below ground.

'We moved down a hallway and entered an area with a marking on the wall that said 'Off-world technology,'' Anderson recalled. 'Immediately, alarm bells went off in my head. That's when the strange sh** started happening.'

Anderson described a room containing a 'metallic, basketball-sized sphere' that was 'levitating above a podium' and appeared 'unnatural.'

'[The researchers] began explaining that it had been recovered from a craft that had crashed,' he said. 'I remember them saying it was a control mechanism for the craft... and that it interacted with consciousness.'

He also described being shown a rectangular metallic object with a crystal-like screen that could wrap around a person's forearm.

'It almost looked like a mirage effect,' Anderson said. 'Above the screen, hieroglyphic symbols began to appear. It seemed to be some kind of communication tool.'

Anderson explained that he decided to come forward after a decade of silence, inspired by other whistleblowers who have spoken out.

An Army Green Beret has made startling claims about encountering alien technology inside a secret underground US Navy base in 2014

An Army Green Beret has made startling claims about encountering alien technology inside a secret underground US Navy base in 2014

Randy Anderson, who served eight years in the Army Special Forces, was conducting weapons training at the Naval Support Activity Crane in Indiana when he and another Green Beret were escorted into an elevator and taken below ground

Randy Anderson, who served eight years in the Army Special Forces, was conducting weapons training at the Naval Support Activity Crane in Indiana when he and another Green Beret were escorted into an elevator and taken below ground


He mentioned his friend Mike Herrera, a US Marine who went public in 2023, really inspired him.

Herrera claimed that he and his six-man unit witnessed a flying saucer being loaded with weapons while serving in Indonesia in 2009.

'I saw David Grusch was brave enough to come out [and] that guy had some really high level information,' Anderson said while speaking with Jesse Michels, the host of American Alchemy.

'That took a lot of risk doing that and who am I to protect my little story? I think it's important to tell it because it adds to the credibility and of all these guys that are doing it.'

Grusch - a former high-ranking intelligence official - was one of three military whistleblowers who testified under oath that they had firsthand encounters or knowledge about secret government programs involving technology that is 'non-human.'

He claimed that the US has had UFOs since 'the 1930s’ and has been secretly back-engineering them and carrying out a public disinformation campaign to prevent the details from leaking publicly.

Naval Support Activity Crane is a US Navy facility that provides technical support and engineering services for the military.

Anderson said he was at the facility to do a course in advanced weapon training, along with units of armorers, special operations and other Green Berets.

'There was only me and one other guy who was exposed to what we were exposed to,' he said.

Anderson then pulled a document that shows he was certified at Naval Support Activity Crane for completing the 'USAOCSOF-p Weapons Repair Course, but the certificate does not feature a date for when it was given.

Anderson then pulled a document that shows he was certified at Naval Support Activity Crane for completing the 'USAOCSOF-p Weapons Repair Course, but the certificate does not feature a date for when it was given

Anderson then pulled a document that shows he was certified at Naval Support Activity Crane for completing the 'USAOCSOF-p Weapons Repair Course, but the certificate does not feature a date for when it was given

Anderson described seeing a room containing a 'metallic, basketball-sized sphere' that was 'levitating above a podium' and appeared 'unnatural' (stock)

Anderson described seeing a room containing a 'metallic, basketball-sized sphere' that was 'levitating above a podium' and appeared 'unnatural' (stock)

'The [elevator] door opens, we go through a security-type checkpoint,' he said.

'The first thing that stood out to me was that it was significantly more modern than everything up top and that that was odd.'

The soldiers said there were foreign weapons in the secret facility from Russia and China that America had captured. 'It was pretty advanced stuff,' he said.

A few moments later, Anderson spied a plaque on a door that read 'Off-world technologies' that led to the metallic orb.

article image

He told Michels he had an uncomfortable, ominous feeling looking at the strange object.

'It could have been something that triggered an evaluation for me and this guy, and they brought us out there to see if we would react to the technology,' said Anderson.

He gave a similar interview five months prior to YouTuber UAP Gerb, where he discussed the technology in more detail.

During that discussion, Anderson described the orb 'almost looking like liquid, but it was metallic.'

'Both the items they had under there, they said somehow interacted with consciousness,' Anderson said. 'Certain people will go up to the object and it will respond.'

He suggested the response could have been related to the person's DNA or consciousness.

However, Anderson claimed something may have been done to his memories following the secret meeting below the Indiana base.

'There's a really weird component to this, and I don't know what this means, but when I think back to this particular memory and, and this never happens to me in any other thing, I get real fuzzy,' he said.

'It gets real fuzzy like almost something was purposely done to make it that way.'

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Fact or Fiction: What Is The Truth Behind Alien Conspiracy Theories?

Fact or Fiction: What Is The Truth Behind Alien Conspiracy Theories?

Are aliens real? Is the government trying to cover them up? Learn how these popular alien conspiracy theories have become so fascinating.

Woman and dog encounter an UFO

(Credit:lassedesignen/Shutterstock)

Every few years, an eerie cycle plays out in the news. Headlines report the sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs/UAPs). Then, a government agency issues a denial.  

In 2006, employees at Chicago O’Hare International Airport described seeing an unidentified object hovering quietly near a terminal. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) dismissed it as a weather event.

Then in 2014, Navy pilots reported seeing a series of spinning saucers. The Pentagon did not comment at the time. Later in 2021, an American Airlines pilot said a long, cylinder-shaped object flew over his aircraft and resembled a missile. In response, the FAA said that no such object appeared on official radars.

This cycle of UFO sightings and official denial has fueled conspiracy theories that the U.S. government is hiding alien information from the public. And in recent months, revelations from former government workers have prompted more people to believe these conspiracy theories might be legitimate. 

What Is a Conspiracy Theory?

A conspiracy theory is the belief that a small group of people are acting secretly, and their actions are meant to benefit their exclusive group. The idea that aliens exist is not a conspiracy theory. It becomes a conspiracy theory only when people believe that a small group — typically government insiders — are hiding information about aliens from the rest of us.

When it comes to UFO conspiracy theories, the U.S. government tends to take the blame. More so, conspiracy theorists tend to merge the U.S. government into a singular identity, even though scholars argue there are millions of people who work for “the government.”

Read More: 

Have Alien Conspiracy Theories Increased?

Conspiracy theories become more palatable to nonbelievers when trustworthy (or seemingly trustworthy) informants come forward with information. The last decade has seen an increase in credible-seeming people stating they have either witnessed UFOs or have evidence the government knows about aliens and is hiding them from the rest of the public.

In 2023, a former official at the Pentagon, David Grusch, came forward as a self-described whistle-blower who once served on the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force. He claimed the U.S. had debris from a spacecraft of “nonhuman origin.”

Grusch also said the U.S. has known about alien aircraft for decades, and his statements were helped by other government reports, including a 2021 report by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence that didn’t deny UFO sightings and instead admitted there were a lot of unanswered questions. 

Read More: 

UFO Crash Coverups

One common UFO conspiracy theory, including the one proposed by Grusch, is that the government is hiding remnants of a UFO that crashed into the Earth. One of the first crash coverup conspiracies began in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico, when reports of debris from a flying saucer were discovered near a military base.

The U.S. military dismissed the debris as a weather balloon, not a flying saucer. As the decades passed, conspiracy theorists believed the government knew it was actually a UFO and intentionally hid the truth.

It turns out the government was indeed hiding something — it just wasn’t a spaceship filled with little green Martians. In 1994, the General Accounting Office (GAO) audited the records related to the Roswell incident and released a report of their findings.

In 1947, the U.S. worried about Russian nuclear capabilities. They were trying to monitor the upper atmosphere for evidence of Russian nuclear testing using a balloon device. When the balloon crashed, the U.S. military didn’t want the world to know what they were really doing. The UFO conspiracy theory was a helpful distraction. 

Read More: 


Top 4 Mysterious UFOs in the USA! | The Proof Is Out There

Unseen UFOs

Vintage Area 51 Warning Sign
(Credit:Dean Clarke/Shutterstock)

Another common UFO conspiracy theory is that the government not only has the remnants of an alien spaceship, but they also have the occupants in custody.

Area 51, located in Nevada, has long been suspected of harboring crashed UFOS and extraterrestrial beings. One scholar described Area 51 as an “open secret” in which people understand the government is doing something but don’t know exactly what. 

Area 51 is closed to the public, and the nearest public viewpoint is 12 miles away. In the 1980s, conspiracy theorists began promoting the idea that the government had aliens tucked away at Area 51.

Read More: 


Alien UFO Crash Retrievals - Storming Area 51 (Episode 3)

Storming Area 51

The theory was heightened in the late 1980s by an ex-employee who claimed he saw alien spacecraft with “gravity generators” when he worked at Area 51. He argued the U.S. government was hiding what they knew about extraterrestrial life from the American people.

The ex-employee also boasted he held degrees from prestigious institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). When reporters researched his background and found no evidence he attended these schools, the ex-employee said the government erased his background so he would not exist on record because he was working with such highly-classified information.

The ex-employee was eventually discredited, and the government seemed to ignore him. However, the Air Force’s tolerance for alien accusations has its limits. In 2019, a Facebook group developed the idea to “Storm Area 51” because they “can’t stop all of us.”

More than a million people signed the pledge to show up at Area 51 and “see them aliens.” The Air Force issued firm warnings not to come, and the event was over before it began. 

Read More: 


Top 10 Extraterrestrial Conspiracy Theories of All Time

{ https://www.discovermagazine.com/ }

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How Did Our Fascination With Alien Abductions and Flying Saucers Transpire?

How Did Our Fascination With Alien Abductions and Flying Saucers Transpire?

About 75 percent of Americans believe in extraterrestrials. Find out why flying saucers and alien abduction stories are scattered throughout history, and where they came from.

UFO

(Credit: ktsdesign/Shutterstock)

In September 1961, Barney and Betty Hill were driving late at night in the mountains of New Hampshire when they saw a flying object whizzing in the sky. Barney thought it was a plane until he saw it swiftly switch directions.

According to The Interrupted Journey, the couple nervously continued driving until a spacecraft confronted them. They remembered seeing “humanoid-like” creatures and hearing pinging sounds reverberate off their car trunk. And then, they found themselves 35 miles further along on the highway with almost no memory of what had just transpired. They believed they had been abducted.

The Hills reported their experience to the nearby Air Force base and it later became the subject of a book and then a movie. Their experience was widely considered the start of a collective fascination with extraterrestrials.

It’s a captivation that persists, and 75 percent of Americans believe there are intelligent lifeforms elsewhere in the universe. But attitudes have changed, and most Americans no longer think aliens are hostile or a national security threat. Social scientists say our attitudes towards Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO) have evolved with our acceptance of technology.

Flying Saucers Fixation

UFO
(Credit: ktsdesign/Shutterstock)

Scholars mark 1947 as the start of the UFO fascination. A pilot flying in the Cascade Mountains in Washington state reported seeing disc-shaped objects. In the next decade, aliens were primarily seen as benevolent, intelligent beings who came to Earth to offer advice or warnings.

In 1961, the Hills reported their abduction and stories about aliens became more sinister. Social scientists, like famed psychologist Carl Jung, analyzed the UFO obsession and found it fit neatly with humans’ long fascination with heavenly ascents. Whereas past societies looked for angels, saints or Gods to descend from the heavens, modern Americans were looking for “technological angels.”

Starting in the 1960s, aliens were both benign angels and menacing demons, which prompted some religious scholars to see UFO fixation as a modern religious movement.

Other scholars saw the popular fascination as a response to society dealing with rapidly changing technology. At the start of the 1950s, for example, most households didn’t have a television. That changed within the decade, and Americans were also aware that technological advancements would soon bring computers into our workplaces, households and even our bodies through devices like cardiac pacemakers.

Most Americans now rely on technology for work and entertainment. People who call out to Alexa to add an item to the grocery list aren’t as technologically anxious as people were in the past. And for decades, that anxiety fueled books, TV and film about extraterrestrials.

Read More: 

E.T. in the Madame Tussaud wax museum, NYC.
(Credit: Shutterstock/ Anton_Ivanov)

The 1982 film, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial dominated box office sales and was one of the few storylines to depict a kind alien. Most popular narratives featured frightening aliens. The long-running TV series X Files, involved a government coverup about alien life forms. Similarly, the 1997 film Men in Black, based on the comic book series, involved government agents protecting both alien allies and Earthlings from a variety of cosmic criminals.

Stories about abduction were also common, which scholars have analyzed and identified consistent patterns and rhetorical devices.

One scholar suggested that aliens were a stand-in for technological fears. Abductees described how the aliens controlled their bodies and minds. The aliens used high-tech, futuristic gadgets to conduct tests, many of which were described as stressful and painful. In the end, the person had lost time they could not account for.

Another study looked at 130 accounts of alien abductions. The author found that the standard abduction story about aliens waking you from bed, transporting you into a spaceship and then subjecting you to medical tests was a modern myth in which the storyteller placed themselves as the hero. One abductee, for example, made himself a hero saying his “superior genetics” was the reason that aliens had abducted him multiple times.

Abductee stories about humanoids communicating telepathically are outlandish, but compelling. And social scientists think they persuade people to listen.

Investigating Alien Abduction Cases

Man being abducted by UFO
(Credit: Shutterstock/MyImages - Micha)

In 2007, a psychologist interviewed and analyzed people who felt aliens once abducted them. The psychologist concluded these people were sane but created false memories that fictional accounts partly fueled.

So why would anyone else believe their stories of aliens sucking them into a spaceship and then probing them in all the wrong places? The author found that the stories were compelling because the emotions expressed were both real and relatable. The stories followed a consistent pattern, which made them feel more valid. And, there were also many people willing to tell these tales.

The large number of people who have described UFO encounters or abductions has prompted scholars to consider the belief a type of myth-making.

And myths, one scholar notes, endure because they have both the appearance of truth and societal approval. Thus, UFO fascination flourished because the accounts seemed truthful and many people were willing to trust in a repetitive, but incomplete narrative and to believe there was much more to be learned. Just as they said in the X-Files, “the truth is out there.”

Read More: 

{ https://www.discovermagazine.com/ }

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Historian Greg Eghigian looked at the history of reported UFO sightings. This is what he found.

UFO flying saucer. Credit: Ray Massey / Getty Images

Historian Greg Eghigian looked at the history of reported UFO sightings. This is what he found.

Iain Todd

The history of reports of 'flying saucers' and 'UFOs' is fraught with alleged conspiracy theories and cover-ups, claims by believers and de-bunks from non-believers.

Are people really seeing things in the sky that can't be explained? And if that is the case, does that necessarily mean they must be of extra-terrestrial origin?

Whether we believe in the idea that alien craft are visiting Earth or not, it's a fact that there are numerous eye-witness accounts from across the world in which people claim to have seen something beyond belief in the sky.

So what happens when you take a scientific, empirical look at reports of UFOs and flying saucers?

What patterns emerge, and do they tell us anything about the cultural or geopolitical trends at the time the reports were made?

Greg Eghigian is Professor of History and Bioethics at Penn State University in the United States and has written a book called After The Flying Saucers Came.

It's just that: a history of UFO reports and what they can tell us about belief in the extra-terrestrial.

We spoke to Greg to find out more about the flying saucer craze.

Interview about the history of flying saucers and UFOs with historian Greg Eghigian Interview about the history of flying saucers and UFOs with historian Greg Eghigian

What made you decide to look into the history of flying saucers?

I’m an historian of science and medicine by speciality, and over the years have looked primarily at the history of how scientific and medical establishments and governments have understood ideas, feelings, people and thoughts that were marginal, or deemed to be outside the mainstream.

I was led to the topic of flying saucers and UFOs in part by those interests, though it does deviate from what I normally work on.

I was always fascinated with this stuff when I was growing up.

I was a really voracious reader and consumer of anything about aliens and outer space visitors and things like that, though that interest waned as I got older and I grew interested in lots of other things unrelated to this.

But I was talking with a colleague of mine, an historian who was working on a book project that involved looking at the renaissance of the occult right after World War II in Europe.

I asked her: “was that whole flying saucer thing a craze in Europe at the time?”

She said “I don't know, you ought to look into it and write something about it.”

And I just dismissed it out of hand.

But one summer I was ill, so I couldn't do traveling as I normally do, and I started going through digital databases of newspapers in Germany in the late 1940s and 50s.

And bam: all these headlines about flying saucers.

I wrote an article on it and I thought there must be so many historians who have done work on this.

I found one. One sole book on the history of the subject in 1975 by a historian who, by the way, later becomes a subject in my own book because he becomes a true believer and a major figure in the alien abduction phenomenon.

And that's how I got hooked. I thought, okay, I'm diving in.

At Fort Worth Army Air Field on 8 July 1947, Brigadier General Roger M Ramey (left) and Colonel Thomas J Dubose, identify metallic fragments found at Roswell as pieces of a weather balloon. Credit: Bettmann / Getty Images At Fort Worth Army Air Field on 8 July 1947, Brigadier General Roger M Ramey (left) and Colonel Thomas J Dubose, identify metallic fragments found at Roswell as pieces of a weather balloon. Credit: Bettmann / Getty Images

You don't have to believe the reports are true in order to  factually catalogue the history of it, do you?

No, I come at this from that very perspective.

I make it very clear from the start, I'm not here to try to present evidence that aliens have been visiting us.

But I also don't come from the perspective of the debunker who's here to tear down every opinion.

I wanted to take the general ethos of most historians and say, I'm here to chronicle the way we've come to think about and talk about and debate this subject.

Especially in this day and age with a lot going on when it comes to discussions about exoplanets and SETI and things like that.

It seems to me it's the time to revisit that history and think about how we got to the point where we are now.

Does it all begin with Roswell?

No, it doesn't begin with Roswell! In fact, Roswell is a blip, a really minor blip. It's a very tiny footnote.

When you look at it in the wider perspective, it actually starts a little earlier than that with a private pilot by the name of Kenneth Arnold, who's flying around Washington State, around Mount Rainier, looking for a crashed plane.

And he sees these strange pan-shaped objects flying at high speeds.

He comes back, lands on the ground and tells people he’s seen some weird stuff, and reports it to the authorities and also the media.

And the media starts asking him questions about it. They ask him, how did these things fly? How would you describe it?

He said they flew like a saucer might if you skipped it over water.

And a very enterprising journalist knew a headline when they saw one and called them flying saucers.

Within 6 weeks, a survey said 9 out of 10 Americans had heard the term flying saucer.

Roswell pops up as a story for about 2 days and then disappears and is never heard of again, until you get into the late 1970s and early 80s.

(L-R) Pilots E.J. Smith, Kenneth Arnold and Ralph E. Stevens look at a photo of an unidentified flying object they sighted en route to Seattle, Washington. Credit: Bettmann / Getty Images

(L-R) Pilots E.J. Smith, Kenneth Arnold and Ralph E. Stevens look at a photo of an unidentified flying object they sighted en route to Seattle, Washington. Credit: Bettmann / Getty Images

When you hear a report like that from a pilot, someone who’s an expert in aviation, do you find yourself struggling to remain neutral?

Yeah, reports like that pop up all the time and there are lots of head scratchers.

And there are times you read something and you say, this doesn't pass the sniff test.

When you're talking about historical cases where you can't talk to anybody anymore, you're left saying, geez, I wish there was a little more information about this, or I wish somebody had a camera at the time.

But when you hear seasoned pilots, for instance, who are very knowledgeable, talk and describe things that they see, that is really arresting and it makes you pause.

The great Swiss psychologist Carl Jung put it really, really well. He said "things are seen in the sky, but we don't know what".

And even the authorities, whether it's the UK Ministry of Defence or the United States Air Force, all have historically fully admitted there are cases we can never explain.

They make us scratch our heads; we're sort of left with a big question mark.

How do you approach a topic like this as an historian?

There are a couple of things that it's important to keep in mind.

One is that the language that's often used in the UFO world, if you will, is often very sloppy.

Just think of something like the term ‘UFO’: Unidentified Flying Object.

Even though it sounds precise, it was meant to replace ‘flying saucer’, because ‘flying saucer’ was seen as a kind of biased term.

‘UFO’ is biased in its own ways.

Is that really an object? Flying implies piloting and it implies design.

It's fair to say the same thing holds true with the distinction between sightings and reports.

A sighting is an experience that someone has, but we know that the vast majority of people who see something odd never say anything, not to officials, to the media, the police or the Air Force.

Something has to lead somebody to actually report it to some institution – it might be a UFO group, it might be authorities – and they then write it down in some form.

It could be in a messy form, it could be a police officer who's ho-humming it all the time.

So what I'm interested in is reports, these documents that we have.

They oftentimes aren't very detailed. So as an historian we are ultimately left with trying to work with records and documentation.

That can be a recording, that can be an interview, but it oftentimes it’s self reports and also reports by others.

How do we discuss reports of flying saucers? How have different institutions and different groups grappled with it?

And how have they made that into something that they see as worthy of a conversation, and sometimes worthy of some sort of action on the part of people who can take action?

Flying saucer The term 'flying saucer' has now entered our common vocabulary. Credit: KTSDesign / Science Photo Library

Do you find any narrative consistency throughout reports of UFOs?

What's interesting is that's one of the things that changes.

When you look particularly in, say, the first decade or decade and a half of the phenomenon, there is a lot of diversity, in terms of what's reported.

The most common thing that people see are lights. Maybe it's different colors. Maybe they flash off and on, but lights: very vague, very blurry.

Not much more detail than that.

You hear people talking about cigar-shaped things, saucer-shaped things, globes, hexagonal objects.

But you really see the diversity when people say they actually saw the occupants of these vehicles.

In the 1940s and 50s into the early 60s, it's a very wide range, very diverse group of beings that are talked about.

Everything from little men under four feet tall, sometimes as small as under 12 inches.

Other times they're large, hairy monsters that sort of look like Sasquatch.

There are robots, there are males, there are females, there are androgynous beings, there are bulbous heads.

Some are absolutely gorgeous and look like fashion models, all sorts of things.

What happens over time, and this is what's interesting to me, is that those images start to winnow down, and there becomes a kind of a homogeneity to it all, kind of a standardisation, if you will, in descriptions.

And that to me, in part, is something that signals a role that culture is increasingly playing in terms of helping to shape those images into images that are familiar to everyone.

Well, again, what I love about this history is it confounds every preconception I had.

I, like most everybody else, was ready to think there must be so much influence of pop culture on UFO sightings and reports and the way people describe things.

And in part there is. There's no question that the pulp science fiction of the first half of the 20th century had a direct impact on the early alien visitor story, the way people engaged with it.

It's not a surprise that most all of those first few years of people pushing the UFO narrative, there seems to be inspiration from the pulp science fiction world.

But where you see something that doesn't quite connect that way is with film.

The idea has been always that films must have a real profound influence on, say, upticks in the number of sightings.

And that doesn't really bear out. You have a very big wave of sightings and reports in the United States, for instance, in 1952.

But there's no major big UFO film from that time period that takes place.

Or you could take something like Steven Spielberg's 1977 film Close Encounters.

I talked to one of the folks who leads one of the big organizations that were looking into UFOs at the time, and I asked him about it.

And he said, what we saw at the time was not an uptick in new sightings.

People weren't seeing UFOs right after the film, but what they did see an uptick in was the number of people coming forward saying "five years ago, or three years ago, I saw something that seemed like that".

So it triggered that.

And we know from the UK, for instance, that following Spielberg's film E.T., there was actually a downward movement in the number of UFO sightings.

So it doesn't neatly map on to popular culture as much as we like to think at times.

Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Popular UFO movies don't necessarily cause an increase in reported UFO sightings. Photo by Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Popular UFO movies don't necessarily cause an increase in reported UFO sightings. Photo by Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images

You hear people say it's not a coincidence it all kicked off during the Cold War and Space Age.

I definitely would argue that the Cold War plays a critical role in this.

The UFO as we know it is unimaginable without the Cold War, and it's a spectre that haunts the entire history.

People are constantly making references to UFOs.

For instance, in those early years, one of the questions that comes up is, okay, the flying saucers are here, they're aliens.

Why are they here in 1947, 1948? Why now and not five years earlier, 500 years earlier?

And the argument that starts being put forward is, well, the aliens have seen the atomic bomb explosions.

They've seen that we have unlocked the key to atomic energy and they are scared.

They're either scared for us or they're scared of us, but they realise we have reached this level of civilisation that makes us a qualitatively different species.

What I don't see is a lot of what some people have argued is the case, that bad times promote more flying saucer panics or flying saucer reports.

That seems to me a bit of a problematic argument because it seems to me prone to cognitive bias.

Pick up a newspaper from any time period you like, and outside of maybe when the Berlin Wall fell, you will see mostly bad news.

Journalists are very good at reporting bad news and sometimes have a hard time knowing how to make good news interesting!

Do you find a large majority of sightings and reports are from the US? And does that suggest it's to do with the culture of the society?

I would say the evidence shows that the United States plays a very critical role. It's a hub.

It's a hub in that the news emanating out of the United States is what triggers the UFO phenomenon.

Throughout the history of flying saucers and UFOs, whenever there's a new development, like the events occurring since 2017, it is something that gets reported everywhere else.

That said, it's very clear within a few years that there are hubs popping up throughout the world and other places, and the influence actually goes in the other direction at times.

There are places in Europe, in South America, where you see a really pronounced concentration, not only of sightings and reports, but also activities by UFO organisations.

So I would say in Europe, Great Britain, France, Italy, Spain all played a very, very big role.

Whereas in Germany, for instance, it was a much more muted phenomenon.

In South America, Brazil and Chile, Argentina play major roles.

And my argument would be, it has to do with whether or not you have a civilian UFO organization infrastructure.

In places where that gets built up and is sustainable, that's where you see this ability to articulate these narratives and lay out these programs to study the phenomenon, but also to have an impact worldwide on how these things are understood and viewed.

Some argue it's not a coincidence that UFO sightings increased during the Cold War. Photo by Camerique/Getty Images Some argue it's not a coincidence that UFO sightings increased during the Cold War. Photo by Camerique/Getty Images

Did you come across attempts to  explain the strangest cases away?

Oh, I see that all the time.

Over the years I've been working on this, I've gotten to know lots and lots of 'ufologists', as they're called, UFO researchers of various kinds, and talked with people who say they've had experiences having contact with aliens or other kinds of beings.

It's a pretty diverse group of people.

I think there's a lack of appreciation just how many diverse perspectives there are when it comes to the flying saucer and UFO phenomenon in terms of how people approach it.

A lot of folks I know are not really altogether different from the people, say, over in the UK defence ministry who were very sceptical about this.

They themselves will tell you 95% of sightings, if not more, are easily explained.

And in fact, many UFO investigators I talk with, this is one of the things they do all the time.

They get a phone call or they get an email, they look into the case and they find out it's a rather mundane explanation.

Somebody was floating Chinese lanterns or somebody saw Starlink satellites which, if you see those things in the sky and don't know what that is, I would call that a UFO sighting.

One of the things I talk about in the book is the motivation for why people get involved in this stuff.

It’s that ability to be a detective, to crack a case.

It's really not altogether different from your favourite true crime podcast where everybody's invited to chime in and crack the case.

It keeps you going in the hope that maybe one day, a case is going to come along that makes you think “this is not going to go away”.

A group of SpaceX Starlink satellites in the night sky over Uruguay. Photo by Mariana SUAREZ / AFP via Getty Images A group of SpaceX Starlink satellites in the night sky over Uruguay. Photo by Mariana SUAREZ / AFP via Getty Images

After you finished the book, was it hard to leave the subject alone?

Yeah, it is hard to leave it alone. I won't be leaving it alone because now I get a lot of people wanting to talk with me and contact me about discussing it.

And I'm going to be working on a new project, writing a book about the controversy surrounding the alien abduction phenomenon that was particularly lively in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.

So no, once you've met the UFOs, they don't leave you alone!

What do you think about the argument that smartphones mean we should have irrefutable proof by now?

The ‘everyone carries a camera now’ argument is one I've heard a lot, and it's actually convinced some old-time UFO investigators that maybe there is not much to this anymore.

I've gotten a response from other UFO researchers who say, we know our smartphones are good at taking a picture of nice food at a restaurant or your friends at a party.

It's not a very refined or precise instrument for tracking something as complicated as a UFO.

Left to right: Ryan Graves, executive director of Americans for Safe Aerospace, David Grusch, former National Reconnaissance Officer Representative of Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Task Force at the U.S. Department of Defense, and Retired Navy Commander David Fravor at the US Congress hearing ‘Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency’, on Capitol Hill, Washington DC, 26 July 2023. Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images US Congress hearing ‘Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency’, on Capitol Hill, Washington DC, 26 July 2023. Photo by Drew Angerer/Getty Images

How do you feel about more recent reports like those that have occurred since 2017 with the US Navy footage and Pentagon briefings in the US?

First of all, the fact that intelligence officials in the United States have come forward to say unequivocally, these pilots saw real objects, these are not computer glitches, these are not optical illusions, something is there.

That's unusual. That you didn't tend to get over the decades, that kind of admission.

And also their admission that they have maybe been derelict in taking seriously the reports of pilots, that they've ridiculed them, that a certain amount of peer and hierarchical pressure has really influenced people not to report things.

From my position as an academic, what I really find exciting and interesting is NASA's intervention.

NASA getting this independent UFO panel and saying okay, we think this deserves and warrants investigation, let's go about this in a serious fashion.

Because, you know, NASA is about civilian science, it's not about classified projects.

So adding that legitimacy to me seems to be the really unprecedented step.

That's the thing that I think opens the pathway for people from all sorts of disciplines to begin having conversations about what research projects might look like.

I think we'll see over the next, say five to 10 years, where this takes us.

  • Iainsquare-512b82a.jpg Iain Todd - Science journalist

{ https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/ }

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Archaeologists Discover What May Be World’s Oldest Three-Dimensional Map

Archaeologists Discover What May Be World’s Oldest Three-Dimensional Map

The Paleolithic rock shelter of Ségognole 3 in the Paris Basin contains a miniature representation of the surrounding landscape, says a team of archaeologists from the University of Adelaide and the MINES Paris – PSL.

View of the three-dimensional map on the floor of Ségognole 3 rock shelter. Image credit: Médard Thiry.

View of the three-dimensional map on the floor of Ségognole 3 rock shelter.

Image credit: Médard Thiry.

The Ségognole 3 rock shelter has been known since the 1980s for its artistic engravings of two horses in a Late Paleolithic style on either side of a female pubic figuration.

In 2017, archaeologists found that Paleolithic people had worked the sandstone in a way that mirrored the female form, and opened fractures for infiltrating water into the sandstone that nourished an outflow at the base of the pelvic triangle.

New research suggests that part of the floor of the sandstone shelter which was shaped and adapted by Paleolithic people around 13,000 years ago was modeled to reflect the region’s natural water flows and geomorphological features.

“What we’ve described is not a map as we understand it today — with distances, directions, and travel times — but rather a three-dimensional miniature depicting the functioning of a landscape, with runoff from highlands into streams and rivers, the convergence of valleys, and the downstream formation of lakes and swamps,” said Dr. Anthony Milnes, an archaeologist at the University of Adelaide.

“For Paleolithic peoples, the direction of water flows and the recognition of landscape features were likely more important than modern concepts like distance and time.”

“Our study demonstrates that human modifications to the hydraulic behavior in and around the shelter extended to modeling natural water flows in the landscape in the region around the rock shelter.”

“These are exceptional findings and clearly show the mental capacity, imagination and engineering capability of our distant ancestors.”

Thanks to his extensive research on the origins of Fontainebleau sandstone, the authors recognized several fine-scale morphological features that could not have formed naturally, suggesting they were modified by early humans.

“Our research showed that Paleolithic humans sculpted the sandstone to promote specific flow paths for infiltrating and directing rainwater which is something that had never been recognized by archaeologists,” said Dr. Médard Thiry from the Mines Paris – PSL.

“The fittings probably have a much deeper, mythical meaning, related to water.”

“The two hydraulic installations — that of the sexual figuration and that of the miniature landscape — are 2-3 m from each other and are sure to relay a profound meaning of conception of life and nature, which will never be accessible to us.”

The researchers discovered the presence of three-dimensional modeling by closely examining fine-scale geomorphological features.

“This completely new discovery offers a better understanding and insight into the capacity of these early humans,” Dr. Thiry said.

World's oldest 3D map discovered

Mapping of the cave floor with École River valley.

Credit: Dr. Médard Thiry

River Valley Map

A) The carvings on the cave floor. B) A map of the local valley showing comparable patterns and features.

(Thiry and Milnes, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2024)

Before this discovery, the oldest known three-dimensional map was understood to be a large portable rock slab engraved by people of the Bronze Age around 3,000 years ago.

That map depicted a local river network and earth mounds, reflecting a more modern map concept used for navigation.

“Collaborating across disciplines — such as archaeology, geology and geomorphology — is vital in science,” Dr. Milnes said.

“We believe the most productive research outcomes are found at the boundaries between disciplines.”

Image 4. World’s oldest 3D map discovered

View of the three-dimensional map on the Ségognole 3 cave floor.

Credit: Dr Médard Thiry

World’s oldest 3D map, dating back to 18,000 BCE, discovered in a Paleolithic cave near Paris

Entrance to Ségognole 3 cave south of Paris.

Credit: SYGREF, CC BY-SA 4.0

World’s oldest 3D map, dating back to 18,000 BCE, discovered in a Paleolithic cave near Paris

Natural basin formed into a rocky outcrop in the Noisy-sur-École region near Paris.

Credit: SYGREF, CC BY-SA 4.0

Cave Carving Pelvis

The part of the cave carved with grooves that resemble a female figure.

(Thiry and Milnes, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2024)

3D Map Mound

A mound on the cave floor encircled with deep grooves that may have represented a hill.

(Thiry and Milnes, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 2024)

“Re-evaluating field studies and conducting frequent site visits are important,” Dr. Thiry said.

“It’s clear from our ongoing project that insights and interpretations do not appear immediately but emerge through new observations and interdisciplinary discussions.”

  • The discovery is reported in a paper in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology.
  • Médard Thiry & Anthony Milnes. 2025. Palaeolithic Map Engraved for Staging Water Flows in a Paris Basin Shelter. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 44 (1): 2-26; doi: 10.1111/ojoa.12316

{ https://www.sci.news/ }

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New Study Identifies Earth’s Secret Metal Highways Beneath Ancient Continents

New Study Identifies Earth’s Secret Metal Highways Beneath Ancient Continents

Earth Climate Future Concept

Research from Macquarie University shows that critical metals accumulate around the edges of ancient continental cores due to silica loss in rising carbonate-rich melts. This discovery highlights new exploration targets essential for supporting a green economy.

New research from Macquarie University has pinpointed likely locations of essential metals crucial for advancing a green economy.

Transitioning to a green economy demands significantly more critical metals—such as copper, rare earth elements, and cobalt—than current supplies can meet. To address this shortage, it is essential to discover new metal resources formed through different geological processes in previously unexplored regions.

New research published on January 8, 2025, in Nature, led by Dr. Chunfei Chen during his postdoctoral work with the Earth Evolution research group at Macquarie University, sheds light on where and how critical metals likely accumulate. The study identifies the margins of ancient continental cores as promising locations for these metal deposits and explains the geological mechanisms behind their formation.

“These cores are the thickest, bowl-shaped, parts of tectonic plates. Melts that form below their centers will flow upwards and outwards towards the edges, so that volcanic activity is common around their edges,” says Chen.

The Role of Carbonate-Rich Melts in Metal Concentration

Previous high-pressure experiments in the Earth Evolution group have shown that initial melts at around 200 kilometers depth are rich in carbonate but contain much less silica than most rock melts.

Chunfei Chen

Chunfei Chen in laboratory.

Credit: Macquarie University

The new experiments by Dr Chen and colleagues show that these melts will lose silica and become almost pure carbonate as they flow upwards and outwards beneath the continental cores.

Distinguished Professor Stephen Foley from Macquarie’s School of Natural Sciences explains the link to critical metals lies in this change in melt composition.

“The initial melts can carry lots of critical metals and sulfur, but our new results show that these are dropped by the melt as it loses silica. This causes concentrations of critical metals and sulfur in linear arrangements around the edges of thick continental cores,” says Professor Foley.

The research also confirms that mantle samples brought to the surface in volcanoes in these areas do indeed contain more sulfur and copper than elsewhere on the continents.

This new work explains recent observations by researchers at the Australian National University and Geoscience Australia that found critical metals are accumulated around the edges of continent cores, and brings these areas into sharp focus for future exploration activities.

  • Reference: “Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts” by Chunfei Chen, Michael W. Förster, Svyatoslav S. Shcheka, Isra S. Ezad, Joshua J. Shea, Yongsheng Liu, Dorrit E. Jacob and Stephen F. Foley, 8 January 2025, Nature.
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08316-w
  • Funding: Australian Research Council, Key R&D Program of China, Key Program of NSFC-Tongyong Union Foundation, Macquarie University, NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility
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This Man finds that Altered States of Consciousness Can Distort Time, And Nobody Knows Why

-Dr. Steve Taylor Altered States of Consciousness

This Man finds that Altered States of Consciousness Can Distort Time, And Nobody Knows Why

Dr. Steve Taylor says Altered states of consciousness can affect our sense of identity, and our normal sense of separation between us and the world. He finds that Time also seems to pass slowly when we are bored or in pain. It seems to speed up when we’re in a state of absorption, such as when we play music or chess, paint, or dance. More generally, most people report that time seems to speed up as they get older.

In his book, he calls this phenomenon “Time Expansion Experiences or (TEEs)” – in which seconds can stretch out into minutes. The reasons why time can speed up and slow down are a bit of a mystery. Some researchers, including me, think that mild variations in time perception are linked to information processing.

Dr. Steve Taylor is a British psychologist, author, and academic specializing in Consciousness Studies, Spirituality, Positive Psychology, and Transpersonal Psychology. He teaches courses in Social Psychology and Interdisciplinary Psychology. He has published 14 books, including Waking From Sleep, The Leap, and Extraordinary Awakenings, many of which are best-sellers focused on psychology and spirituality.

Taylor’s research has been featured in major academic journals, including The Journal of Humanistic Psychology and The Journal of Consciousness Studies, as well as in popular media outlets such as The Daily Mail, The Guardian, and BBC radio and TV channels. He is a member of the British Psychological Society and was the past chair of its Transpersonal Psychology section.

Dr. Steve Taylor

Dr. Steve Taylor

Dr. Steve Taylor explains that TEEs are moments in which time seems to slow down dramatically, allowing a person to think and act with extraordinary clarity. These experiences often occur during high-stress or emergency situations, such as car crashes, falls, or attacks. (Source)

According to Dr. Taylor’s research, about 85 percent of people have experienced at least one TEE. Around half of these events happen during accidents or emergencies, where individuals feel that the expansion of time allowed them to make decisions or take actions that might have otherwise been impossible, potentially saving them from injury or death.

One example Dr. Taylor mentions is a woman who experienced a TEE when a metal barrier nearly fell onto her car. During the event, time seemed to slow, enabling her to decide how to escape.

TEEs can also be experienced in sporting events, as one participant shared an experience in ice hockey where an action that normally lasted seconds felt like ten minutes. Additionally, these experiences can occur in moments of stillness, such as during meditation or in natural settings, when a person feels deeply present and aware of the passage of time.

Dr. Steve Taylor discusses TEEs are often reported under extreme conditions, such as during psychedelic experiences with substances like LSD or ayahuasca. He shares a specific instance where a person using LSD felt the seconds on their stopwatch stretch, indicating intense time dilation.

Dr. Taylor then explores various theories about why these TEEs happen. He dismisses the idea that they are linked to the release of noradrenaline, a hormone that usually occurs during emergencies and is associated with the “fight or flight” response. This doesn’t explain the calm, relaxed feelings many people report during Tees, even in dangerous situations.

He also rejects the theory that TEEs are purely an evolutionary adaptation to help ancient humans survive emergencies by slowing down time. According to Taylor, this theory doesn’t account for TEEs experienced in peaceful situations, such as deep meditation or being one with nature.

Another idea Dr. Taylor considers is that TEEs could be illusions of recollection. In emergencies, he theorizes, heightened awareness could cause people to take in more information, creating the illusion that time was expanding when it wasn’t. However, many people who have experienced Tees are certain they had more time to think and act, leading Taylor to question this theory.

In a recent unpublished poll, Dr. Taylor found that most people who had experienced TEEs believed them to be real moments in the present, rather than illusions of memory. Only 3 percent thought the experience was illusory, with the vast majority believing it was an actual event.

In terms of timelessness, there may be a strong sense that linear time is an illusion. For example, one person who had an NDE after being electrocuted described an awareness of “The conventional distortion is the construct of a ‘past’, a ‘now’, and a ‘future’… At the earliest level of my NDE journey that human construct fell away, that arrow of time.”

In “Dying: A Transition,” Monika Renz also suggested that the process of dying – even without the phenomenology of the NDE – can feature a sense of timelessness.

Dying: A Transition

In her studies of the experiences of the dying, she has identified three stages of the process: pre-transition, transition, and post-transition. In the posttransition phase, the dying person lets go of fear, accepts death, and experiences a state of ego-transcendence and tranquility. As Renz has described it, this stage “sometimes lasts no more than a few minutes, at her times perhaps hours, in some rare cases days, there is an utterly different atmos

Dr. Steve Taylor suggests that the key to understanding certain experiences, like those involved in trauma or intense activities, lies in altered states of consciousness.

Read also:

He explains that incidents like accidents disrupt normal psychological processes, leading to a sudden shift in consciousness. In sports, he introduces the concept of “super-absorption,” where a person becomes deeply absorbed in an activity, causing time to slow down instead of speeding up. This phenomenon occurs when concentration is sustained over an extended period.

Altered states, according to Dr. Taylor, also influence our sense of identity and the separation between us and the world around us. He references psychologist Marc Wittmann’s observation that our sense of time is closely linked to our sense of self.

Normally, we experience the world as external to our mind, but during intense altered states, the boundaries between our inner self and the external world dissolve. As a result, we feel more connected to our surroundings, and our sense of time becomes more fluid, allowing us to slip into a different time world.

Dr. Taylor suggests that “our normal experience of fast-flowing linear time is merely a psychological construct, and even illusory in nature.”

He references Kant’s theory, which suggests that time is not a fundamental property of the external world, but instead a mental framework that our mind uses to impose structure on our experiences. Taylor also connects this idea to certain physics theories, particularly those proposed by Roger Penrose, who argues that our perception of time as linear is similar to our understanding of space—both are constructs we use to organize events in the universe.

According to Dr. Taylor, the experience of linear time may be tied to the dualistic way we view reality, where a clear distinction exists between “self” and “other.” As this sense of duality diminishes, time itself may appear to slow down, as is often described in “time-expansion experiences” (TEEs) during accidents or emergencies.

In some extraordinary states, like mystical experiences, near-death experiences (NDEs), or psychedelic journeys, where the self is no longer separate from the world, linear time may entirely fade away. Taylor’s theory suggests that as the boundaries of the self dissolve, so too does our sense of time, emphasizing that time is a construct linked to our usual self-concept, disappearing when the self-concept weakens.

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Fort Lauderdale flight crew captures color-shifting Orb at high altitude

Fort Lauderdale flight crew captures color-shifting Orb at high altitude

The crew of a Surjet private air service flight had an unusual encounter on December 23 while returning to Fort Lauderdale. Flight attendant Cassandra Martin, along with two pilots, was onboard the aircraft flying over the Bahamas when an unexpected event caught their attention.
orbs%20plane%20high%20altitude%20(1).jpg

“I suddenly heard air traffic control say, ‘We have a foreign object; can you please identify it?'” Martin recounted to NBC Miami. 
Curious, she looked out the window. “I glanced to the left, and the pilot noticed three objects, though I only saw one. I quickly grabbed my phone, pressed it against the window, and tried to record a video of the object,” she explained. 
Martin described the orb as white, later shifting to a faint green hue, almost as though surrounded by an electric field. The object followed their flight for about 45 minutes before disappearing. 
orbs%20plane%20high%20altitude%20(2).jpg

What made the sighting extraordinary was the altitude. The jet was cruising at approximately 43,000 to 45,000 feet, yet the orb was far above the aircraft and still managed to track it for the extended duration. 
The orb’s speed and maneuverability ruled out possibilities such as a balloon or a consumer drone. Unless the orb is of extraterrestrial origin, the orb might be a craft or drone equipped with highly advanced technology not yet publicly known, akin to recent reports of sophisticated drones spotted across the U.S. 
This remarkable incident follows a December 16, 2024 sighting aboard United Airlines flight UA2359 from Chicago to Newark. During that flight, a passenger filmed several unidentified orbs at altitudes between 40,000 and 50,000 feet. Additionally, reports surfaced from at least four commercial airline pilots who witnessed mysterious, colorful, circular lights moving at extreme speeds over Oregon in the same month. 
These repeated sightings raise questions: Are they advanced black projects hidden from public knowledge or evidence of something extraterrestrial? Regardless of their origin, the increasing reports of advanced drones and strange orbs suggest that something significant is occurring.

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

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As We Explore the Solar System, Radiation Will Be One of Our Greatest Threats

Astronauts are vulnerable to radiation from the Sun and other sources. They're even more vulnerable beyond the ISS, on missions to the lunar or Martian surfaces. However, different countries and space agencies assess the risk differently. That needs to change. Image Credit: NASA

As We Explore the Solar System, Radiation Will Be One of Our Greatest Threats

The Sun can kill. Until Earth developed its ozone layer hundreds of millions of years ago, life couldn’t venture out onto dry land for fear of exposure to the Sun’s deadly ultraviolet radiation. Even now, the 1% of its UV radiation that reaches the surface can cause cancer and even death.

Astronauts outside of Earth’s protective ozone layer and magnetic shield are exposed to far more radiation than on the planet’s surface. Exposure to radiation from the Sun and elsewhere in the cosmos is one of the main hurdles that must be cleared in long-duration space travel or missions to the lunar and Martian surfaces.

Unfortunately, there’s no harmonized approach to understanding the complexity of the hazard and protecting astronauts from it.

Astronauts haven’t gone further into space than the ISS for decades. But if Artemis lives up to its promise, they’re about to leave Earth and its protective environment behind. Artemis will land astronauts on the Moon, which could be an intermediate step to an eventual landing on Mars. What hazards does radiation pose, and how can astronauts be protected?

A new research editorial in the Journal of Medical Physics examines the issue. It is titled “System of radiological protection: Towards a consistent framework on Earth and in space.” The lead author is Werner Rühm from the Federal Office for Radiation Protection, München (Neuherberg), Germany. The same issue of the Journal of Medical Physics contains several other articles about radiation exposure. Together, they’re part of a research effort by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to update and harmonize radiation exposure guidelines.

The term ‘radiation’ is descriptive enough that most of us recognize the potential threat. However, when it comes to variable space environments and human physiology, the word holds a lot more detail. The authors use the term ‘mixed radiation field’ to describe the radiation environment astronauts must endure.

“The mixed-radiation field outside and within a space vehicle is of particular complexity involving not only low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation such as gamma radiation, electrons, and positrons but also high-LET radiation such as neutrons and heavy ions,” the authors write. The components of the field contain a wide span of particles with different energy levels. “The quantitative and even qualitative risks of exposure to the combined impact of a complex radiation environment, microgravity, and other stressors remain unclear,” they explain.

One problem in preparing for exposure to these mixed radiation fields is the different approaches taken by different countries and space agencies.

NASA astronauts exploring Mars on future missions, perhaps starting in the 2030s, will require protection from long-term exposure to the cancer-causing space radiation environment. Credit: NASA.

According to lead author Rühm, this disharmony is caused by “the complex and dynamic radiation environments and an incomplete understanding of their biological consequences. Because of this, space agencies follow somewhat different concepts to quantify radiation doses and their resulting health effects.”

This paper and its companions are part of an effort to unify our understanding of radiation and its hazards and to harmonize the various approaches to dealing with them. The goal is to develop a “consistent radiological protection framework.” To do that, the authors explain that several questions need answers:

  • Which radiation-induced health effects should be considered?
  • What dose quantities are the best for the radiological protection of astronauts?
  • Which metrics should be used to quantify radiation-related health risks?
  • How do we address sex and age differences in radiation risk?
  • What kind of protection criteria should be applied?
  • How do we decide on the tolerability of radiation-induced risks, given that astronauts are exposed to many other occupation-related risks?
  • How do we deal with the fact that increased health risks due to radiation exposure may persist after an astronaut’s career ends?
  • How do we communicate radiation risk and make a comparison with other health hazards in a meaningful way?
  • How do we harmonize national radiological protection guidelines, given that different subpopulations might have different levels of risk tolerance?

This list of questions vividly illustrates the complexity of the radiation exposure problem. Answering them will help harmonize the approach to radiation on space missions.

Rühm and his colleagues want to support space agencies as they harmonize and coordinate their guidelines for astronauts’ exposure to radiation. The goal is to develop an approach consistent with the thorough guidelines followed here on Earth.

The difference between how males and females respond to radiation illustrates one of the problems in developing radiation exposure guidelines. In past decades, much medical research was based on males and the results were applied to females as well. According to Rühm, the same thing has happened with radiation.

“It is worth mentioning that on Earth, the System developed by ICRP does not include any systematic differentiation between recommendations on limits for males and females,” the authors write. This is in spite of the fact that it is “well known that there are individual differences in radiation sensitivity between males and females.” The difference is largely because reproductive tissue is more susceptible to radiation than other tissue, and women have more of it.

This infographic shows how men and women's bodies react differently to spaceflight. It's also becoming well-known that women are more sensitive to radiation exposure. Image Credit: NASA/NSBRI This infographic shows how men’s and women’s bodies react differently to spaceflight. It’s also becoming well-known that women are more sensitive to radiation exposure. Image Credit: NASA/NSBRI

NASA has developed a different approach to radiation exposure because of this. “This standard is based on a REID (Risk of Exposure-Induced Death) of 3% calculated for cancer mortality in the most vulnerable group of astronauts––35-year-old females,” the authors write. Scientists understand that females are more vulnerable to radiation than males and that younger females are more sensitive than older females. It’s worth noting that astronauts are unlikely to be under the age of 35.

The difference between the sexes isn’t the only thing that needs to be addressed when it comes to astronauts’ exposure to radiation. Different sub-populations might have different risk factors; there are lifestyle-related risks, different mission architectures hold different risks, and many other factors come into play. Harmonizing an approach with all of these different factors is a daunting task.

Difficult or not—and there’s nothing easy about space travel—a harmonized and coordinated approach to understanding the radiation risk is the logical next step. Artemis itself is a collaboration between different nations and agencies, and it’s only fair to the astronauts themselves that they have the same protections and considerations when it comes to radiation exposure.

Rühm and his colleagues hope that their work will help lead to a harmonized approach to assessing the radiation hazards faced by astronauts in mixed radiation fields. We owe it to the people willing to put their lives on the line and serve as astronauts.

“Adventurous people have always tried to widen their horizon, this is part of our very nature as humans,” Rühm says. “Our work contributes to and supports one of the most exciting and challenging human endeavors ever undertaken.”

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BepiColombo Just Completed its Sixth Flyby of Mercury. Here are the Best Images

Bepicolumbo images of Mercury.

BepiColombo Just Completed its Sixth Flyby of Mercury. Here are the Best Images

It’s not unusual for space probes to complete gravitational flyby manoeuvres en route to their destination. It’s a bit more unusual when the flyby is at the destination planet. ESA’s BepiColombo spacecraft is manoeuvring around Mercury into its final orbit. With each flyby it gets closer and closer and closer until its finally captured by Mercury’s gravity in 2026. During the latest flyby, stunning images of the nearest planet to the Sun were captured from just a few hundred km. Checkout the best and most stunning images of Mercury yet. 

Mercury, the smallest planet in the Solar System and closest to the Sun is a rocky world. It’s surface somewhat resembles the Moon, desolate and heavily cratered. The lack of an atmosphere and the proximity to the Sun means daytime temperatures can reach a whopping 472°C but they plummet to -200°C at night. Mercury’s orbit is highly elliptical taking just 88 Earth days to complete one full orbit around the Sun. From Earth Mercury is never far from the Sun in the sky and so is very difficult to observe in the bright twilight sky. 

Image of Mercury taken by NASA’s MESSENGER mission. Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/ASU/Carnegie Institution of Washington

To date, only two spacecraft have visited Mercury; Mariner 10 and Messenger. There is now another on the way, BepiColombo. It was launched on 20 October 2018 where it began its journey to the innermost planet. Led by ESA, this joint mission with Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA.) is made up of two orbiters; ESA’s Mercury Planetary Orbiter and JAXA’s Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter. On arrival, the two orbiters will manoeuvre into their dedicated polar orbits, beginning their operations in early 2027. 

BepiColombo

BepiColombo stacked in preparation for launch. ESA

During a press briefing on 9 January 2025, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher revealed the first images from the spacecraft’s monitoring cameras (M-CAMs) and the results did not disappoint. 

In this first image, BepiColombo passed over Mercury’s terminator, the line between the day and night hemispheres, allowing M-CAM 1 to peer into the permanently shadowed craters of the north pole. The craters Prokofiev, Kandinsky, Tolkien and Gordimer can be seen with their permanently dark floors. Despite Mercury’s proximity to the Sun, the floors of the craters are some of the coldest places in the Sun. In these dark, shadowy places there is even evidence of frozen water!

The second image captures the volcanic plane known as Borealis Planitia. The large smooth plains on Mercury, rather like those on the Moon, formed billions of years ago. In the case of Mercury, it’s thought the plains formed 3.7 billion years ago when volcanic eruptions flooded the surface with molten lava. Any craters that were in the area, such as Henri and Lismer got filled with lava and as the planet cooled, wrinkles formed in the plains much like the wrinkling of an apple skin

Many of the smaller craters in this region have been wiped out by the lava but the rim of Mendelssohn crater is still visible along with Caloris Basin, a large impact crater with a diameter of 1,500 km. 

The final image was taken by M-CAM 2 and shows more evidence of volcanic activity and impact events. There is a bright region toward the upper limb and this is known as Nathair Facula. It’s the result of the largest volcanic explosion on Mercury with a central vent 40km across. Evidence has been found for at least 3 major eruptions that have deposited lava over 150km away. In stark contrast, to the left is the much younger Fonteyn Crater, just 300 million years old! 

Source : 

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{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

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Welcome to hell! The 5 locations around the globe that scientists believe could be the gates to the underworld

Welcome to hell! The 5 locations around the globe that scientists believe could be the gates to the underworld

If you've ever told someone to 'go to hell', you probably didn't have a real location in mind.

While most people no longer believe that hell is a physical place, that has not always been the case.

Scattered across the world, there are five terrifying locations that are claimed to be entrances to the underworld.

And experts now say that there could be some surprising scientific truths to back them up.

From the nightmarish location that inspired Jesus' account of hell to the cave that mysteriously kills anyone who enters, these locations are as close to hell on Earth as you can get.

In Iceland, you can find the ever-burning brimstone of Hekla Fell, a volcano believed by Christians to be the real location of hell.

While in Belize, archaeologists are now piecing together the mysteries of the crystalised skeletons hidden within an eerie portal to the Mayan underworld.

So, would you be brave enough to visit any of these real-life gates to hell?

1. Gehenna 

In his 'Sermon on the Mount' Jesus famously warned that anyone who allows their hand or eye to sin will be cast into 'hell'.

However, biblical experts believe that isn't really what Jesus said.

In the earliest version of the text, the word that Jesus uses is not 'hell' but 'Gehenna'.

Rather than referring to a place of eternal torment, Gehenna is a real location just outside the walls of old Jerusalem.

A contraction of the name Valley of Hinnom, or 'Ge-Hinnom', Gehenna is one of the deep gorges which can be found to the southwest of the old city.

At the time Jesus was alive, many Jews believed that this was a particularly evil place.

According to the Bible, this was the place where ancient Israelites practised child sacrifice, making offerings of their own young to the god Baal.

Jesus' sermon on the mount is often translated as saying that sinners go to 'hell'. However, the word he really used was 'Gehenna' which refers to a real valley to the south of Old Jerusalem (pictured)

Jesus' sermon on the mount is often translated as saying that sinners go to 'hell'. However, the word he really used was 'Gehenna' which refers to a real valley to the south of Old Jerusalem (pictured)

Five locations scientists believe could be gateways to the hell 

  • Gehenna, Israel
  • Hierapolis, Turkey 
  • Hekla, Iceland 
  • Actun Tunichil Muknal, Belize
  • St Patrick's Purgatory, Iceland  

For this reason, many believed that the location had been cursed by God and made unfit for worship.

Bart Ehrman, a New Testament scholar from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, wrote in Time: 'In the ancient world (whether Greek, Roman, or Jewish), the worst punishment a person could experience after death was to be denied a decent burial.

'Jesus developed this view into a repugnant scenario: corpses of those excluded from the kingdom would be unceremoniously tossed into the most desecrated dumping ground on the planet.'

As the bible was translated into other languages, the word Gehenna was gradually swapped for the English word 'hell'.

This means that, according to Christianity, Gehenna is literally hell on Earth.

The Valley of Hinnom might also be the origin of the fires of hell which have filled the popular imagination.

According to some accounts, the Valley of Hinnom was used by the people of Jerusalem as a landfill site where rubbish fires perpetually burned.

Some biblical scholars believe this could have inspired the idea that sinners would be cast into a place of eternal fire.

Gehenna, or the Valley of Hinnom (pictured), was believed by Jews in Jesus' day to have been a place of human sacrifice. By saying that sinners would be thrown into Gehenna, Jesus may have meant that they would not receive a proper burial. Over time, Gehenna became linked to the Christian idea of Hell and the underworld

Gehenna, or the Valley of Hinnom (pictured), was believed by Jews in Jesus' day to have been a place of human sacrifice. By saying that sinners would be thrown into Gehenna, Jesus may have meant that they would not receive a proper burial. Over time, Gehenna became linked to the Christian idea of Hell and the underworld 

However, while a Roman-era rubbish dump has been found in the North of the city, there is no archaeological evidence that Gehenna was ever really used to burn waste. 

2. Hierapolis

It might not come as a surprise that passing through the gates to the underworld can be hazardous to your health.

But at Hierapolis, in modern-day Turkey, attempting to pass in through this ancient portal really could cost you your life.

The ancient Roman city of Hierapolis was built during the reign of emperor Tiberius between 14 and 37 BC.

In the ruins of this once bustling city, archaeologists have found extensive baths, a gymnasium, an agora or meeting place, and even a Byzantine church.

But Hierapolis is also home to a dark secret - a passage leading directly to the underworld.

Discovered in 2011, the entrance to hell is a small door leading into a cave-like grotto built into one wall of an open arena.

In modern-day Turkey, scientists have found an ancient Roman portal to the underworld with the power to kill anyone who enters (pictured)

In modern-day Turkey, scientists have found an ancient Roman portal to the underworld with the power to kill anyone who enters (pictured)

According to the ancient philosopher Strabo, the castrated priests of the underworld would carry sacrificial animals down through the door, known as the Plutonium.

To the shock of the spectators lining the surrounding amphitheatre, the animals would die on the spot as if struck down by an invisible assailant while the priests would remain unharmed.

In his account written 2,000 years ago, Strabo says: '[The] space is filled with a cloudy and dark vapour, so dense that the bottom can scarcely be discerned ... Animals which enter ... die instantly.

'Even bulls, when brought within it, fall down and are taken out dead. We have ourselves thrown in sparrows, which immediately fell down lifeless.'

Shockingly, modern scientists have found that Strabo was completely correct about the Plutonium's deadly properties.

Rather than posing a supernatural threat, scientists have found that the door sits on top of an active volcanic fault line.

In addition to warming the springs which drew tourists to the town, this geological activity produced thick clouds of CO2 which would rise up out of the cave.

At night, the CO2 pools thickly in an enveloping cloud of mist which the ancient Romans attributed to the breath of Kerberos, the three-headed guard dog of hell.

The 'Plutonium' in Hierapolis was believed to be an entrance to the underworld. In reality, scientists found that the temple had been built above a geological faultline which produced enough CO2 to kill animals brought near it

The 'Plutonium' in Hierapolis was believed to be an entrance to the underworld. In reality, scientists found that the temple had been built above a geological faultline which produced enough CO2 to kill animals brought near it 

In a study published in 2018, researchers from the University of Duisburg-Essen found that CO2 outside the temple entrance reached concentrations of 40-50 per cent.

The authors write: 'Astonishingly, these vapors are still emitted in concentrations that nowadays kill insects, birds, and mammals.

'They reach concentrations during the night that would easily kill even a human being within a minute.'

While the priests were tall enough to keep their heads above the gases, the sacrificial animals were trapped inside the toxic cloud and killed.

Even today, these gases are so toxic that visiting this entrance to hell unprepared really could be a one-way ticket to the afterlife.

3. Hekla 

Even from afar, it is easy to see why Medieval Christians believed that Hekla might be the entrance to hell.

The snow-capped peak of this 1,491-metre volcano towers above Southern Iceland.

Hekla in Iceland was once believed to be the gates of hell through which souls would pass on their way to the underworld

Hekla in Iceland was once believed to be the gates of hell through which souls would pass on their way to the underworld 

The Icelandic word 'Hekla' refers to a short, hooded cloak which could reflect the dramatic layer of clouds that gather about its peak.

The mountain's demonic reputation first emerged around the year 1104 when Hekla burst out of dormancy with an enormous eruption.

Based on geological studies, it is believed that the eruption was a category VEI 5 - the same rating as the eruption of Mount St Helen in 1980.

The explosion was so violent that 21,000 square miles (55,000 km squared) - more than half of Iceland - was bombarded by rock and ash.

According to accounts written at the time, people could see the blast of lava, searing ash, and toxic gases from the sea as lava bombs weighing up to 12 tonnes rained down on the country.

The eruption was so violent that news of Hekla's diabolic force soon spread around the ancient world.

In 1180, a Cistercian monk called Herbert de Clairvaux boasted that Helka was even more deady than Mount Etna in Italy.

He wrote: 'The renowned fiery cauldron of Sicily, which men call Hell's chimney ... that cauldron is affirmed to be like a small furnace compared to this enormous inferno.' 

This volcano earned its diabolical reputation thanks to a series of massive eruptions that began in 1104. Hekla produced so much lava and ash that medieval writers believed they had found hell

This volcano earned its diabolical reputation thanks to a series of massive eruptions that began in 1104. Hekla produced so much lava and ash that medieval writers believed they had found hell 

As one of Iceland's most active volcanoes, Hekla has continued to earn its sinister status. The volcano most recently erupted in 2000 (pictured) in an explosion which created a 4.3 mile (7km) fissure

As one of Iceland's most active volcanoes, Hekla has continued to earn its sinister status. The volcano most recently erupted in 2000 (pictured) in an explosion which created a 4.3 mile (7km) fissure

By 1120, a poem by the monk Benedeit called the mountain the eternal prison of Judas, referring to the lowest circles of hell.

In the early 14th century, one medieval author described seeing large birds flying into the volcano's fires which were believed to be the souls of the damned entering inferno.

Most famously, the 16th-century German scholar Caspar Peucer wrote that the gates to hell could be found in 'the bottomless abyss of Hekla Fell'.

Although the legends about Hekla's connection to the underworld died off by the 19th century, the volcano has continued to earn its fiendish reputation.

Since its first eruption, Hekla has ignited around 20 times and accounts for 13 per cent of all Icelandic eruptions.

Over the 20th century alone, Hekla has produced 1.2 billion cubic metres of lava and 150 million cubic metres of rocky debris known as tephra.

The mountain has even erupted as recently as the year 2000 when it opened up a 4.3 mile (7km) fissure which sprayed ash and steam 9 miles (15km) into the air.

4. Actun Tunichil Muknal 

In Belize, the cave of Actun Tunichil Muknal, meaning 'Cave of the Stone Sepulcher', is one of the best preserved entrances to the underworld anywhere on the planet. Its 3 miles (5km) long tunnels have been undisturbed for over 1,000 years and contain the grizzly remains of human sacrifices

In Belize, the cave of Actun Tunichil Muknal, meaning 'Cave of the Stone Sepulcher', is one of the best preserved entrances to the underworld anywhere on the planet. Its 3 miles (5km) long tunnels have been undisturbed for over 1,000 years and contain the grizzly remains of human sacrifices 

While legends about hell vary wildly from culture to culture, one common thread that ties these stories together is that hell is often believed to be deep beneath the Earth.

In Belize, you can find one of the best contenders for an entrance to the subterranean underworld within the caves of Actun Tunichil Muknal, meaning 'Cave of the Stone Sepulcher'.

Actun Tunichil Muknal (the ATM Cave) lay undiscovered and undisturbed for more than 1,000 years after the collapse of the Mayan Empire.

The cave extends more than three miles (five kilometres) beneath the Earth and archaeologists have found artefacts dating back to around 800 AD.

Most shockingly of all, the cave is filled with the grisly remains of the victims of human sacrifice.

When the cave was first discovered in 1989, archaeologists were shocked to find the remains of individuals as young as four years old who had been bludgeoned to death.

The most famous of these remains is so old that the bones have crystalised into glittering calcite, earning it the name 'The Crystal Maiden'.

Researchers now think that the cave was revered as an entrance to Xibalba, the Mayan underworld and the domain of the death gods.

One of the victims has been there so long that their bones have crystalised, earning them the nickname 'The Crystal Maiden'. Experts believe that the Mayans thought the cave was an entrance to Xibalba, the underworld, and made sacrifices there to appease the lords of hell

One of the victims has been there so long that their bones have crystalised, earning them the nickname 'The Crystal Maiden'. Experts believe that the Mayans thought the cave was an entrance to Xibalba, the underworld, and made sacrifices there to appease the lords of hell 

Based on the arrangement of the bodies, researchers believe that this was the site of ritual murders designed to reenact the 'Popol Vuh' creation myth.

During the 10th century, the Mayan empire was being blighted by droughts and natural disasters which culminated in the civilisation's rapid collapse.

Their sacrifices were intended to appease the Lords of Xibalba who were thought to be responsible for the droughts.

Professor Holley Moyes, an expert on the caves from the University of California told the BBC: 'Amongst the Maya, we hardly see any – almost no – human sacrifice until the late classic period.

'And I think they start doing it because they are in the middle of a drought, and they are trying to up the ante.'

5. St Patrick's Purgatory  

On a little-known Irish island, you can find a supposed entrance to hell which has had an outsised impact on the Christian understanding of life after death.

St Patrick's Purgatory, located on Station Island in northwestern Ireland, was considered by early medieval people to be the edge of the known world.

Station Island in Ireland is home to St Patrick's Purgatory. In the medieval period, it was believed that the caves on the island could give visitors glimpses of hell

Station Island in Ireland is home to St Patrick's Purgatory. In the medieval period, it was believed that the caves on the island could give visitors glimpses of hell 

While St Patrick today might be better associated with shamrocks and green hats, he once had a much more terrifying reputation.

According to a 12th-century text written by a monk named H. of Saltrey, St Patrick prayed to God for a way to convert the Irish pagans.

His efforts were rewarded by a vision of a 'pit of purgatory'.

This chasm filled the mind of anyone who entered with visions of hell fire and monsters, essentially providing a first-hand experience of the consequences of rebuking Christianity.

According to medieval texts, this pit is located on Station Island where a monastery founded by one of St Patrick's disciples still stands today.

Early visitors reported finding a small cave where they would be bombarded with unearthly visions.

The 12-century historian Gerald of Wales of Wales wrote: 'This part of the island contains nine pits, and should any one perchance venture to spend the night in one of them, … he is immediately seized by the malignant spirits.'

The cave was filled in and replaced with a more conventional chapel in the year 1790, but St Patrick's vision of a temporary hell would go on to have a far wider influence.

The caves were filled in in 1790 and replaced with a large chapel. However, the reports of hellish visions went on to form the basis of the Christian understanding of hell and purgatory which persist today

The caves were filled in in 1790 and replaced with a large chapel. However, the reports of hellish visions went on to form the basis of the Christian understanding of hell and purgatory which persist today 

After reports of the mystical powers of St Patrick's caves were reported, the monastery became one of the most popular pilgrimage sites in Europe. 

The idea that sinners might briefly experience suffering before reaching salvation formed one of the essential cornerstones of the idea of purgatory, a sort of waiting room for heaven.

article image

By popularising these ideas, St Patrick's Purgatory became a critical point for the evolution of Christian ideas about what happens after you die.

Just 100 years after the first accounts were written, purgatory was made official church doctrine in 1274.

Even today, pilgrims from around the world undergo notoriously gruelling visits to the island to get a taste of hell first-hand. 

So, while you might no longer be able to take a day trip to the inferno in the cave beneath the island, you can still visit the place where our modern ideas of hell began.

HOW DID ENGLAND BECOME CHRISTIAN?

Britain was a fractious nation in the 7th Century AD, still looking for stability several centuries after the collapse of the Roman empire. 

At this point, various kings ruled over different regions of land and many languages and religions dominated certain locales. 

The exact date of the church is not known, but it is though to be around 633AD, or shortly after, when Ethelburga, a native of Kent, likely returned to her homeland following the death of her husband, Edwin. 

Edwin was the son of Ethelfrith, a Northumbrian king who was known for his warring prowess and repeated skirmished with the Gododdin, a fierce celtic-speaking people from the north-east area of the then-called 'Britannia'. 

King Redwalld of East Anglia dominated the centre of the country, and established the kingdom of Mercia while the Picts dominated modern-day Scotland. 

Augustine (right, on bended knee), and a further 40 Benedictines, landed in Thanet and were met by Ethelbert and Bertha (left). The mission massed its litmus test in 602AD when the English king decided to join his wife's beliefs and opted to be baptised.He then also donated a certain site in Canterbury which would be home to the first, and most important, cathedral in the country. Augustine duly became Canterbury Cathedral's first archbishop

Augustine (right, on bended knee), and a further 40 Benedictines, landed in Thanet and were met by Ethelbert and Bertha (left). The mission massed its litmus test in 602AD when the English king decided to join his wife's beliefs and opted to be baptised.He then also donated a certain site in Canterbury which would be home to the first, and most important, cathedral in the country. Augustine duly became Canterbury Cathedral's first archbishop

Another king ruled the south-east, with Ethelbert of Kent and his French Christian wife Bertha in command of the region. 

These royals had been visited by a bishop from Rome in 597AD called Augustine after Pope Gregory sent him on a mission to take Christianity to the British isles. 

The Pope's sudden interest in the British isles is believed to stem from a chance encounter with two 'Angli' slaves in an Italian slave market.

Their blonde hair and fair skin captivated the Pope and he immediately said of the inhabitants of England, known as Angels at the time: 'Non Angli sed angeli'. 

Directly translated into English it means 'not Angels but angels of God'.  

His instant infatuation was the kickstarter for the Roman clergy to begin their efforts to bring Evangelicalism to the desolate and divided nation. 

Augustine, and a further 40 Benedictines, landed in Thanet and were met by Ethelbert and Bertha. 

The mission massed its litmus test in 602AD when the English king decided to join his wife's beliefs and opted to be baptised. 

He then also donated a certain site in Canterbury which would be home to the first, and most important, cathedral in the country. 

Augustine duly became Canterbury Cathedral's first archbishop.  

Meanwhile, the feared Ethelfrith from the north died and was succeeded by his son, Edwin, who soon mounted a charge on the rest of Britannia.  

His vast army descended from the north and swept through Mercia and into Kent. 

The mission ended in the conquest of the south-east and Edwin seized Ethelburga, daughter of Ethelbert and Bertha, as his trophy. 

She became his second wife and her devote Christian beliefs went with her to the north.  

A Roman monk was also claimed as part of Edwin's spoils and he performed a baptism on the young King Edwin.

This monk was then assigned the task of founding what is now one of the most iconic christian sites in the UK, York Minster. 

After Edwin abandoned his Pagan beliefs, his reflective approach was not matched by all his contemporaries. 

His high priest was so inflamed by the king's decision he hurled a spear into his own temple and ordered conflagration.  

In 633AD King Cadwallen of Gwynedd and King Penda of Mercia invaded Northumbria and killed Edwin in battle.

He was defeated during the Battle of Hatfield Chase and left Ethelburga widowed.  

The troops of King Cadwallon of Gwynedd raise their spears and rejoice at the death of King Edwin in 633AD. He was defeated during the Battle of Hatfield Chase and left Ethelburga widowed

The troops of King Cadwallon of Gwynedd raise their spears and rejoice at the death of King Edwin in 633AD. He was defeated during the Battle of Hatfield Chase and left Ethelburga widowed

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Mysterious 'ghost island' is spotted by a NASA satellite - before vanishing entirely

Mysterious 'ghost island' is spotted by a NASA satellite - before vanishing entirely

The idea of a 'ghost' island might sound like a concept from the latest episode of Scooby Doo. 

But it has become a reality in the Caspian Sea. 

NASA satellites spotted a mysterious island - before watching it vanish entirely.

The landmass emerged off the coast of Azerbaijan after a mud volcano erupted in early 2023. 

But by the end of 2024, it had nearly eroded away. 

According to NASA Earth Observatory, the island retreated from view 'like an apparition.'

'Powerful eruptions of the Kumani Bank mud volcano have produced similar transient islands several times since its first recorded eruption in 1861,' it explained. 

'Also known as Chigil-Deniz, the feature is located about 25 kilometers (15 miles) off the eastern coast of Azerbaijan.'

NASA's Landsat 8 and 9 satellites captured images of the island on November 18 2022 (left), February 14 2023 (centre), and December 25 2024 (right)

NASA's Landsat 8 and 9 satellites captured images of the island on November 18 2022 (left), February 14 2023 (centre), and December 25 2024 (right)

NASA's Landsat 8 and 9 satellites captured images of the island on November 18 2022, February 14 2023, and December 25 2024. 

In November, the crest of the volcano remained below the sea surface. 

But by the Feburary image, the island had appeared, and a sediment plume driftd away from it. 

According to Mark Tingay, a geologist at the University of Adelaide, additional satellite observations suggest the island between January 30 and February 4 and measured approximately 400 meters (1,300 feet) across. 

However, by the end of 2024, the island had disappeared, with a 'greatly diminished' portion of the Kumani Bank left visible above the water. 

The volcano's previous eight recorded eruptions occurred in bursts lasting less than two days, and produced islands of different sizes and longevities. 

'A May 1861 event resulted in an island just 87 meters (285 feet) across and 3.5 meters (11.5 feet) above the water,' NASA said. 

'This one eroded away by early 1862. 

In November, the crest of the volcano remained below the sea surface. But by Feburary (pictured), the island had appeared, and a sediment plume driftd away from it

In November, the crest of the volcano remained below the sea surface. But by Feburary (pictured), the island had appeared, and a sediment plume driftd away from it

An artist's impression of NASA's Landsat 8 satellite, which snapped the photos of the 'ghost' island

An artist's impression of NASA's Landsat 8 satellite, which snapped the photos of the 'ghost' island

'The strongest eruption, in 1950, produced an island 700 meters (2,300 feet) across and 6 meters (20 feet) high.'

Mr Tingay describes mud volcanoes as 'weird and wonderful features', but admits that they're 'largely understudied and little understood'. 

Most mud volcanoes are found in areas with active tectonics - with Azerbaijan unusual for its high concentration. 

article image

'Geologists have tallied more than 300 in eastern Azerbaijan and offshore in the Caspian Sea, with most of those occurring on land,' NASA said. 

'The region falls within a convergence zone where the Arabian and Eurasian tectonic plates are colliding.'

Worryingly, mud volcanoes have the potential to be hazardous thanks to their ability to expel large amounts of materials - and even flames - over a short period of time. 

'It is uncertain if the 2023 Kumani Bank eruption was fiery, but past eruptions of this and other nearby mud volcanoes have sent towers of flame hundreds of meters into the air,' NASA added. 

HOW CAN RESEARCHERS PREDICT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS?

According to Eric Dunham, an associate professor of Stanford University's School of Earth, energy and Environmental Sciences, 'Volcanoes are complicated and there is currently no universally applicable means of predicting eruption. In all likelihood, there never will be.'

However, there are indicators of increased volcanic activity, which researchers can use to help predict volcanic eruptions. 

Researchers can track indicators such as: 

  • Volcanic infrasound: When the lava lake rises up in the crater of an open vent volcano, a sign of a potential eruption, the pitch or frequency of the sounds generated by the magma tends to increase.
  • Seismic activity: Ahead of an eruption, seismic activity in the form of small earthquakes and tremors almost always increases as magma moves through the volcano's 'plumbing system'.
  • Gas emissions: As magma nears the surface and pressure decreases, gases escape. Sulfur dioxide is one of the main components of volcanic gases, and increasing amounts of it are a sign of increasing amounts of magma near the surface of a volcano. 
  • Ground deformation: Changes to a volcano's ground surface (volcano deformation) appear as swelling, sinking, or cracking, which can be caused by magma, gas, or other fluids (usually water) moving underground or by movements in the Earth's crust due to motion along fault lines. Swelling of a volcano cans signal that magma has accumulated near the surface.  

Source: United States Geological Survey

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Vier onverwachte AI-ontdekkingen: van het ontcijferen van eeuwenoude papyrusrollen tot walviscommunicatie

Vier onverwachte AI-ontdekkingen: van het ontcijferen van eeuwenoude papyrusrollen tot walviscommunicatie

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2024 was de grote doorbraak van AI. In recordtempo veranderde kunstmatige intelligentie ons leven, én dat van de wetenschap. Van het ontcijferen van eeuwenoude papyrusrollen tot het begrijpen van walviscommunicatie, AI draait er zijn hand niet voor om.

We noemen een aantal belangrijke wetenschappelijke ontdekkingen die zonder kunstmatige intelligentie niet mogelijk waren geweest. Zo lukte het om de Papyri van Herculaneum te ontcijferen. Deze honderden eeuwenoude boekrollen zijn verkoold door de uitbarsting van de Vesuvius in het jaar 79 na Christus. De inhoud is daarom altijd een mysterie gebleven. Het openen van de broze documenten zou ze namelijk direct vernietigen. Maar dankzij hoge resolutie-röntgenfoto’s en de kracht van AI is een doorbraak bereikt: meer dan 2000 letters zijn ontcijferd zonder de boekrollen open te maken of aan te tasten. De teksten bieden een uniek inkijkje in het leven en de ideeën van het oude Rome en Griekenland. Wetenschappers schatten dat binnenkort zo’n 90 procent van vier rollen is ontcijferd. Dit is mogelijk omdat AI ijzersterk is in het herkennen van patronen, en in staat is om het contrast tussen de inkt en de koolstoflaag zichtbaar te maken.

Superkracht
Volgens Brent Seales, computerwetenschapper aan de Universiteit van Kentucky, functioneert AI als een ‘soort superkracht’: het maakt onzichtbare details zichtbaar, legt hij uit aan de wetenschapsafdeling van CNN. De Vesuvius Challenge, een wedstrijd om de decodeersnelheid te verhogen, laat zien hoe AI complexe problemen oplost – met een werkwijze en snelheid die tot voor kort ondenkbaar was.

Walvisgeluiden decoderen
Wetenschappers zetten AI ook in om dierlijke communicatie beter te begrijpen, zoals het mysterieuze ‘klikalfabet’ van potvissen. Onderzoekers analyseerden bijna 9000 klikreeksen – korte stoten van klikgeluiden, die ‘codas’ genoemd worden. Hiervoor luisterden ze het onderlinge gebabbel van ongeveer zestig potvissen in de Caraïbische Zee minutieus af. Ze ontdekten met behulp van AI subtiele patronen in tempo, ritme en toonhoogte, vergelijkbaar met menselijk gepraat.

Zo identificeerden zij achttien soorten ritmes en vijf verschillende tempo’s. Artificiële intelligentie maakt deze structuren zichtbaar, maar de betekenis van de klikgeluiden blijft nog steeds een raadsel. De volgende stap is om de klikgeluiden aan hun gedrag te koppelen en ook echt te kunnen communiceren met de walvissen. De verwachting is dat AI hierbij zal kunnen helpen.

Verborgen archeologische schatten
Op het droge helpt AI archeologen bij het ontdekken van verborgen locaties, zoals de mysterieuze Nazca-lijnen in Peru. Deze gigantische symbolen zijn alleen vanuit de lucht zichtbaar en zijn de afgelopen honderd jaar meer en meer in kaart gebracht. Een team onder leiding van de Japanse professor Masato Sakai trainde een AI-model om 430 bekende symbolen te analyseren. Zo verdubbelde binnen enkele maanden het aantal gedocumenteerde geogliefen.

Toch is het systeem zeker niet perfect: het identificeerde tienduizenden potentiële locaties, waarvan slechts een klein percentage veelbelovend bleek. AI biedt echter enorme kansen voor de archeologie, vooral in afgelegen en ontoegankelijke gebieden. Het combineren van menselijke expertise met AI-modellen versnelt de ontdekkingen en leidt tot inzichten die zonder de hulp van AI niet mogelijk waren.

De bouwstenen van het leven ontrafelen
AI leidt ook tot een revolutie in de biologie, vooral bij het onderzoeken van eiwitten – de moleculen die verantwoordelijk zijn voor bijna alle processen in het menselijk lichaam. Het begrijpen van de driedimensionale structuren van eiwitten was tot voor kort een tijdrovend proces. Met AlphaFold, een AI-tool ontwikkeld door Google DeepMind, kunnen wetenschappers nu de structuur van bijna alle 200 miljoen bekende eiwitten voorspellen. Dit bespaart enorm veel tijd en biedt nieuwe mogelijkheden in de geneeskunde en fundamentele biologie. AlphaFold wordt al door meer dan twee miljoen onderzoekers wereldwijd gebruikt. Hoewel de tool ook zijn beperkingen heeft, bijvoorbeeld bij het voorspellen van mutaties, wordt het beschouwd als een enorme doorbraak in de wetenschap.

Het onbenutte potentieel van AI
AI is geen perfecte technologie: de zogenaamde black box waarin veel modellen opereren maakt sommige resultaten moeilijk reproduceerbaar. Toch is de impact van AI op wetenschappelijk onderzoek enorm. Het biedt ongekende mogelijkheden om complexe problemen op te lossen en verborgen patronen te ontdekken – of het nu gaat om eeuwenoude teksten, de taal van walvissen of de chemie van het leven. In 2024 is AI niet alleen een hulpmiddel gebleken, maar een belangrijke katalysator voor innovatie en het begrip van de wereld om ons heen.

Bronmateriaal

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Nieuw onderzoek onthult hoe Neptunus en Uranus er écht uitzien (en dat zorgt voor een grote verrassing)

Nieuw onderzoek onthult hoe Neptunus en Uranus er écht uitzien (en dat zorgt voor een grote verrassing)

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Neptunus is blauw en Uranus is lichtgroen. Tenminste dat dachten we altijd. Maar nieuw onderzoek wijst uit dat de twee ijsreuzen eigenlijk bijna dezelfde kleur hebben: ze zijn allebei een beetje bleekgroen.

Neptunus wordt meestal afgebeeld als diep azuurblauw, terwijl Uranus een soort heel  lichtgroene kleur heeft op plaatjes. Oxford-onderzoekers tonen nu echter aan dat beide planeten min of meer dezelfde groenblauwe kleur hebben. Dit is niet helemaal nieuw. Astronomen weten al heel lang dat de meeste afbeeldingen van de twee planeten niet hun echte kleuren tonen. Het misverstand is ontstaan door de nabewerking van de foto’s, die NASA’s Voyager 2 maakte in de jaren tachtig van de vorige eeuw. Vooral Neptunus werd te blauw afgebeeld. Ook werd er te veel contrast toegevoegd aan de foto’s om de wolken, ringen en winden duidelijker zichtbaar te maken.

“De bekende Voyager 2-beelden van Uranus zijn gepubliceerd in een kleur die dichtbij de echte kleur komt, maar die van Neptunus zijn bewerkt en versterkt en daardoor kunstmatig te blauw gemaakt”, legt professor Patrick Irwin van Oxford uit. “Hoewel deze kunstmatige kleur bij de meeste planeetwetenschappers destijds bekend was en de beelden werden gepubliceerd met een onderschrift waarin dat werd uitgelegd, is dat kleurverschil in de loop der tijd vergeten.”

Neptune and Uranus colours Boven: zoals we dachten dat Uranus en Neptunus er uitzien. Onder: zoals ze er volgens Oxford-wetenschappers echt uitzien. Afbeelding: Patrick Irwin

Dus hebben de onderzoekers geprobeerd de werkelijke kleur te reconstrueren met behulp van data van de Hubble en de Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) van ESO’s Very Large Telesecope. Bij beide instrumenten is iedere pixel een continu spectrum van kleuren. Daarmee konden de werkelijke kleuren van Uranus en Neptunus worden bepaald. Uiteindelijk bleken ze vrijwel dezelfde kleur te hebben, al blijft Neptunus iets blauwer.

Nog een mysterie opgelost
Maar de studie lost nóg een interessante kwestie op, namelijk waarom de kleuren van Uranus een beetje veranderen tijdens zijn 84 jaar durende rondje rond de zon. Metingen tonen aan dat Uranus een tikje groener lijkt tijdens de zomer- en winterzonnewende, als een van de polen van de planeet richting de zon wijst. Tijdens de equinox – als de zon recht boven de evenaar staat – heeft hij een iets blauwere tint.

Een bekende verklaring daarvoor is dat Uranus op een heel ongebruikelijke manier om zijn as draait. Tijdens zijn baan rond de zon ligt de planeet bijna op zijn kant, wat betekent dat tijdens de zonnewendes de noord- of de zuidpool bijna rechtstreeks richting de zon en de Aarde wijst. Het maakt dat elke verandering van de reflectie van het poolgebied direct grote invloed heeft op de algehele helderheid van Uranus, bezien vanaf onze planeet.

See Uranus' seasonal changes in color! 168-year animated time-lapse

Methaanijsdeeltjes
Wat echter nog niet goed duidelijk was, is hoe of waarom deze reflectie verandert. Daarom hebben de onderzoekers een model ontwikkeld dat de spectra van de poolgebieden van Uranus vergelijkt met de regio rond de evenaar. En daaruit bleek iets bijzonders: de poolregio’s reflecteren groene en rode golflengtes meer dan blauwe, deels omdat methaan dat rood absorbeert, maar half zoveel voorkomt bij de polen als bij de evenaar.

Dit was echter niet genoeg om de kleurverandering volledig te verklaren, dus voegden de onderzoekers een steeds dikker worden ijslaag toe aan de polen, die eerder is waargenomen in de zomer, als de polen door de zon verlicht worden wanneer de planeet van de equinox naar de zonnewende beweegt. De laag bestaat vermoedelijk uit methaanijsdeeltjes.

In de simulaties bleken de ijsdeeltjes de reflectie van groene en rode golflengtes te vergroten bij de polen. Dat verklaart waarom Uranus groener is tijdens de zonnewende. “Het komt doordat er in de poolregio’s een afname is van methaan, maar ook door een toegenomen dikte van heldere methaanijsdeeltjes”, aldus Irwin.

Tijd voor een nieuwe missie
Het is bijzonder dat een mysterie dat al zo lang bestaat, nu is opgelost. “De misvatting over de kleur van Neptunus en de ongebruikelijke kleurveranderingen van Uranus hebben ons decennialang voor raadselen gesteld, maar door deze grote studie zijn beide vraagstukken opgelost”, vertelt onderzoeker Heidi Hammel, van de Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), die beide planeten al tientallen jaren onderzoekt.

De ijsreuzen Uranus en Neptunus blijven een aanlokkelijke bestemming voor toekomstige missies, die kunnen voortbouwen op de Voyager-reizen uit de jaren tachtig. Van de bizarre seizoenen tot de grote hoeveelheid ringen en manen, er valt nog genoeg te ontdekken. Maar makkelijk is dat niet. Zelfs ruimtesondes die heel lang meegaan, kunnen maar een glimp waarnemen van een jaar op Uranus.

Bronmateriaal

{https://scientias.nl/ }

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Bermeja: The Island That Vanished off the Coast of Mexico. Was it Destroyed in an Oil War?

Old map showing the Mexican phantom island Bermeja

Bermeja: The Island That Vanished off the Coast of Mexico. Was it Destroyed in an Oil War?

In the Gulf of Mexico, a mysterious island known as Bermeja once appeared on maps for centuries, sparking the curiosity of explorers, cartographers, and later, governments. Portrayed as a small, reddish landmass off the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, Bermeja was believed to hold significant geopolitical importance. However, despite its prominent place in maritime charts, modern searches have failed to locate any trace of the island, leading to one of the most intriguing cartographic mysteries of the modern era. The story of Bermeja raises questions about its existence and what might have caused it to vanish.

Mexico’s Search for the Lost Island of Bermeja

Before its seemingly sudden disappearance, Bermeja could be found on maps dating back to the 16th century. Believed to have been a small, reddish-colored island, its name derives from the Spanish word "bermejo,” which literally means reddish. For centuries, it was consistently portrayed as being in the Gulf of Mexico, around 100 km (62,137 mi) off the Yucatan Peninsula’s northern coast at 22° 33' N latitude and 91° 22' W longitude.

Bermeja appears to have first been recorded by Spanish explorers during the early days of New World exploration. Its name was first put to paper by the renowned 16th-century cartographer Alonso de Santa Cruz in his 1539 work, El Yucatán e Islas Adyacentes. It quickly became a fixture in maritime navigation charts and appeared in important cartographic works. In 1540, Alonso de Chaves recorded its precise location in Espejo de Navegantes, the location given until its bizarre disappearance. 

Retrato de Alonso de Santa Cruz, por Eulogia Merle

Retrato de Alonso de Santa Cruz, por Eulogia Merle 

(Eulogia Merle/CC BY-SA 4.0 )

Bermeja's depiction on these maps lent it an air of authenticity, as it was considered an important reference point in the largely uncharted waters of the Gulf. As the centuries passed, Bermeja maintained its place on maps, becoming a key geographic marker in discussions surrounding maritime boundaries and territorial claims. 

It's supposed location placed it within an area of the Gulf of Mexico that was believed to be rich in oil reserves, adding to its significance. However, despite its long-standing presence in historical cartography, modern efforts to locate Bermeja have been fruitless, leaving the mystery of its existence unresolved.

Bermeja’s True Value

Bermeja’s existence was taken for granted until the late 20th century when efforts to locate the island failed repeatedly. The story of its disappearance began in 1997, when the Mexican government launched an official expedition to survey its waters and confirm Bermeja’s existence to reinforce its maritime borders.

Despite using advanced technology and thorough search methods, the survey found no trace of Bermeja. The search continued, and in 2009 an even more extensive survey was carried out by the National Autonomous University of Mexico for the Mexican Chamber of Deputies. This one also came up empty-handed, which was a problem for the Mexican government.

No one cared about Bermeja itself. If it existed, it was little more than a big red rock in the Gulf of Mexico with nothing on it. What Mexico cared about was the oil that had been found in 1971 in the Hoyos de Doña field. This discovery had led to the founding of Mexico's national oil company, PEMEX, and made it a major player in the global oil game. 

Of course, Mexico's neighbor, the USA, is also a huge fan of oil. Ever since the discovery of oil fields in the Gulf of Mexico, the two countries have been arguing over who holds the rights to the liquid black gold within. If Bermeja existed, it could have extended Mexico's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Gulf of Mexico, helping its argument significantly. 

Mexico needed Bermeja to exist. The USA needed it to not exist. This meant that the failure to locate Bermeja quickly sparked a fair amount of controversy and speculation. Soon, theories emerged suggesting that perhaps certain foreign powers might have played a hand in Bermeja’s seeming disappearance. After all, islands don’t just disappear into thin air, do they?

A 1914 map showing U.S. claim on "Bermejo I."

A 1914 map showing U.S. claim on "Bermejo I." 

(Public Domain)

The Theories

The answer to that question is yes; islands do indeed disappear. They’re called ‘Phantom Islands’, and modern historians and cartographers have recorded a surprising amount of them. If Bermeja is or was a phantom island, there are several mundane explanations for what could have happened to it. 

The most likely theory is that Bermeja simply never existed. The boring truth is that its presence on early maps can simply be put down to a cartographic error. In the age of exploration, maps were often based on limited and sometimes inaccurate information. 

Misinterpretations of navigational data or the desire to fill in uncharted areas might have led to the creation of Bermeja. The island could have been a figment of the cartographers' imagination or a misidentified landmass that was inaccurately recorded and then perpetuated through subsequent maps.

The second most likely option is that Mother Nature had her wicked way with Bermeja. While there’s no evidence to support this theory (at least not yet), rising sea levels or erosion could have destroyed the island. Michael Antochiw Kolpa, a French Mexican cartographer, claimed British maps of the region have listed Bermeja as being 60 fathoms (360 ft; 110 m) below the surface since 1844.

Finally, we come to the least likely theory. Some conspiracy theorists strongly believe that the United States had the CIA destroy the island. Supposedly, this was done to limit Mexico’s territorial claims to the Gulf of Mexico’s most oil-rich areas. This theory raises more questions than it answers.

The CIA has pulled off some pretty audacious missions over the years, many of them shady. But disappearing an entire island without anyone noticing seems like a stretch. Conventional explosives would draw too much attention, while anything else would require sci-fiction-level mining equipment.

Conclusion

So, what happened to Bermeja? Mexico’s own surveys give us the answer. Not only is there no evidence Bermeja exists, but scans of the sea floor show there’s no evidence an island ever existed there. If it had disappeared due to rising sea levels, Bermeja would be simply hiding beneath the surface. If erosion had somehow destroyed an entire island in around 400 years, there would still be some traces.

Likewise, the idea that the United States could make an entire island disappear and leave no trace behind is basically impossible. It would be easier to declare war on Mexico and simply take the oil.

Ultimately, Bermeja appears to be a product of cartographic error, a reminder of the challenges faced by early explorers and mapmakers in charting the unknown, and that sometimes the simplest answer is also the best.

  • Top image: Old map showing the Mexican phantom island Bermeja.            
  • Source:  Public Domain

By Robbie Mitchell

References

  • Editor. 2009. Mexico claims to Gulf shrink with island's loss. AFP. Available at: 

https://archive.today/20130103055754/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hGVIh33gGz0S27lrM-Cg9qTpsp2Q

  • Dempsey. C. 2022. The Map Myth of Bermeja Island. Geography Realm. Available at: 7

https://www.geographyrealm.com/map-myth-bermeja-island/

  • Wilson. S. 2010. Mexico's missing island. Lonely Planet. Available at: 

https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/mexicos-missing-island

The Bermeja Island in the Gulf of Mexico is recorded on hundreds of maps from the past 400 years. But when Mexico tried to locate it during a dispute with the United States over a contested oilfield, it found out that the island is no longer there.

On this Thoughty2 video, Arran tells the fascinating tale of Bermeja, an allegedly 80 square kilometers island indicated on many maps, starting in the 16th and 17th centuries. The problem is, it doesn't appear to actually exist. Many theories abound about what could have happened to it or why it would be on so many old maps if it never existed.

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends }

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Mysterious Structures Discovered Hidden Under The Surface of Mars

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In this new gravity map of Mars, the red circles show prominent volcanoes and the black circles show impact craters with a diameter larger than a few 100 km. A gravity high signal is located in the volcanic Tharsis Region (the red area in the center right of the image), which is surrounded by a ring of negative gravity anomaly (shown in blue).

Credit: Root et al.

Mysterious Structures Discovered Hidden Under The Surface of Mars

By Evan Gough, Universe Today

A team of scientists presented a new gravity map of Mars at the Europlanet Science Congress 2024. The map shows the presence of dense, large-scale structures under Mars' long-gone ocean and that mantle processes are affecting Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the Solar System.

The new map and analysis include data from multiple missions, including NASA's InSIGHT (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission. They also use data from tiny deviations in satellites as they orbit Mars.

The paper "The global gravity field of Mars reveals an active interior" will be published in an upcoming edition of JGR: Planets. The lead author is Bart Root of the Delft University of Technology. Some of the results go against an important concept in geology.

Geologists work with a concept called flexural isostasy. It describes how a planet's outer rigid layer responds to large-scale loading and unloading. The layer is called the lithosphere and consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.

martian terrain This colorized image of the surface of Mars was taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The line of three volcanoes is the Tharsis Montes, with Olympus Mons to the northwest. Valles Marineris is to the east. (NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University)

When something heavy loads the lithosphere, it responds by sinking. On Earth, Greenland is a good example of this, where the massive ice sheet puts downward pressure on it. As its ice sheets melt due to global warming, Greenland will rise.

This downward bending often causes an uplift in surrounding areas, though the effect is slight. The more massive the load is, the more pronounced the downward bending, although it also depends on the lithosphere's strength and elasticity. Flexural isostasy is a critical idea for understanding glacial rebound, mountain formation, and sedimentary basin formation.

The authors of the new paper say scientists need to rethink how flexural isostasy works on Mars. This is because of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the Solar System, and the entire volcanic region called Tharsis Rise, or Tharsis Montes. Tharsis Montes is a vast volcanic region that holds three other enormous shield volcanoes: Arsia Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Ascraeus Mons.

Flexural isostasy states that this massive region should force the planet's surface downward. But the reverse is true. Tharsis Montes is much more elevated than the rest of Mars' surface. NASA's InSIGHT lander also told scientists a lot about Mars' gravity, and together, it's forcing researchers to reconsider how this all works on Mars.

"This means we need to rethink how we understand the support for the big volcano and its surroundings," the authors write. "The gravity signal of its surface fits well with a model that considers the planet as a thin shell."

The research shows that active processes in the Martian mantle are boosting Tharsis Montes upward. "There seems to be a big mass (something light) deep in Mars' layer, possibly rising from the mantle," the authors write. "It shows that Mars might still have active movements happening inside it, making new volcanic things on the surface."

The researchers found an underground mass around 1750 kilometres across and at a depth of 1100 kilometres. They suspect that it's a mantle plume rising under Tharsis Montes and strong enough to counteract the downward pressure from all the mass.

"This suggests that a plume head is currently flowing upward towards the lithosphere to generate active volcanism in the geological future," the authors write in their paper.

There's debate about how volcanically active Mars is. Although there are no active volcanic features on the planet, research shows that the Tharsis region has resurfaced in the near geological past within the last few tens of millions of years.

If there is a mantle plume under Tharsis Montes, could it eventually reach the surface? That's purely speculative, and more research is needed to confirm these findings.

The researchers also found other gravitational anomalies. They found mysterious, dense structures under Mars' northern polar plains. They're buried under a thick, smooth sediment layer that was likely deposited on an ancient seabed.

The anomalies are approximately 300–400 kg/m3 denser than their surroundings. Earth's Moon has gravitational anomalies that are associated with giant impact basins. Scientists think that the impactors that created the basins were denser than the Moon, and their mass has become part of the Moon.

These maps show the gravitational anomalies at the surface of the Moon. Some of the gravity anomalies are clearly associated with large impact basins. On Mars, the anomalies have no corresponding surface features. Image Credit: By Mark A. Wieczorek - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1381260

These maps show the gravitational anomalies at the surface of the Moon. Some of the gravity anomalies are clearly associated with large impact basins. On Mars, the anomalies have no corresponding surface features.

Image Credit: By Mark A. Wieczorek –

Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1381260

Impact basins on Mars also show gravity anomalies. However, the anomalies in Mars' northern hemisphere show no traces of them on the surface.

mars-polar-anomalies.jpg

This image from the research shows the gravitational structures in Mars’ northern polar region on a topographical map. There’s no correlation between the deep structures and the surface.

Image Credit: Root et al.

"These dense structures could be volcanic in origin or could be compacted material due to ancient impacts. There are around 20 features of varying sizes that we have identified dotted around the area surrounding the north polar cap—one of which resembles the shape of a dog," said Dr. Root.

"There seems to be no trace of them at the surface. However, through gravity data, we have a tantalizing glimpse into the older history of the northern hemisphere of Mars."

The only way to understand these mysterious structures and Mars' gravity in general is with more data. Root and his colleagues are proponents of a mission that could gather the needed data.

It's called the Martian Quantum Gravity (MaQuls) mission. MaQuls would be based on the same technology used in the GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) and GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) missions, which mapped the Moon's and Earth's gravity, respectively. MaQuls would feature two satellites trailing each other and connected by an optical link.

A grainy yet illustrative image of how the MaQuls mission would work. MaQuls would investigate the gravitational field of Mars and study static and dynamic processes on and under the surface. MaQuls would measure Mars's gravitational field with the highest precision yet. Image Credit: Worner et al. 2023.

A grainy yet illustrative image of how the MaQuls mission would work. MaQuls would investigate the gravitational field of Mars and study static and dynamic processes on and under the surface. MaQuls would measure Mars’s gravitational field with the highest precision yet.

Image Credit: Worner et al. 2023.

"Observations with MaQuIs would enable us to better explore the subsurface of Mars. This would help us to find out more about these mysterious hidden features and study ongoing mantle convection, as well as understand dynamic surface processes like atmospheric seasonal changes and the detection of ground water reservoirs," said Dr. Lisa Wörner of DLR, who presented on the MaQuIs mission at EPSC2024 this week.

RELATED VIDEOS


Mars Is Still Active! Gravity Study Gives Insights into Hidden Features Beneath Lost Ocean of Mars

Gravity studies unveil hidden structures on Mars, hinting at active volcanoes and a dynamic interior

{ https://www.sciencealert.com/  --

https://www.universetoday.com/}

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Curious, Unsettling, and Mind-Bending Encounters with Mysterious Humanoid Entities

Curious, Unsettling, and Mind-Bending Encounters with Mysterious Humanoid Entities

Marcus Lowth

Curious, Unsettling, and Mind-Bending Encounters with Mysterious Humanoid Entities

Stories of strange and unnerving humanoid creatures stretch back to the beginning of human civilization, with many of these forming the basis for many myths, legends, and even fairy tales. As the UFO age has unfolded following the start of the Modern UFO Era in the mid-1940s, many accounts of encounters with perplexing humanoid entities are also on record, suggesting that whatever these entities are, they are very real and possibly otherworldly. There are so many of these humanoid encounters on record from around the world that several volumes would be required to even come close to documenting them all.   

Undoubtedly, one of the strangest humanoid encounters on record is also one of the most recent, unfolding in 2019 and featuring a paramedic responding to wildfires in the Amazon who found himself face-to-face with a ten-foot-tall humanoid. The account was placed into the wider public arena through researcher and author Albert Rosales, who has documented many humanoid encounters.

According to the account, one evening in September 2019, 30-year-old Paul Parada was working as a volunteer paramedic in the Bolivian region of the Amazon, providing medical assistance to the authorities – and specifically, the emergency services – who were tasked with tackling wildfires spreading through much of the Amazon region at the time. On this particular night, at around 11 pm, Parada had stepped outside of his medical tent to smoke a cigarette when he noticed a strange figure seemingly heading in his direction.   

One of the first things Parada noticed as the figure got closer was how tall he was. As he got closer still, he could also see that his skin was pale white and that he was dressed in a shiny one-piece suit that had several silver stripes on it. Furthermore, this strange figure sported long, blond, shiny hair stretching to at least his upper back. By this time, this tall man was only several feet from where Parada was standing. It was at this point that Parada saw the figure was pressing a towel or small blanket to his upper torso as if he was wounded. Parada called out to him, asking if he needed assistance. The figure responded in perfect Spanish that he did. Perplexed by the whole situation, Parada turned and headed into the medical tent, with the figure following close behind.

Once inside the tent, Parada turned to face the figure before asking what the problem was. This time, without speaking, the figure removed the towel, and Parada could see a gaping wound. As soon as he saw the injury, he immediately began treating it. As he did so, he marveled at the fact that despite the amount of blood pouring from the wound, none of it appeared to settle on the figure’s clothes, almost as if they were made from some kind of waterproof material.

Eventually, he asked the figure how he had come to be injured. The figure answered him, although much to Parada’s shock, he did so telepathically, speaking directly into his mind, telling the paramedic that a puma had attacked him while he was in the forest. The figure appeared to notice a look of shock on the young medic’s face as he told him, once more using telepathy, that he had nothing to fear and that no harm would come to him. Feeling slightly comforted, Parada continued treating the wound. Then, an already strange night took an even stranger turn.

Following the treatment of the wound, the figure thanked Parada for his help and stood up to leave. Before he left, though, he asked Parada to accompany him outside. As they went to leave, the figure spoke once more, telling the young paramedic that he “shouldn’t be shocked at what he was about to see!” As he followed the tall figure out of the tent, Parada became aware of a large, metallic, disc-shaped object that hovered several feet away and only a few feet from the ground. As he looked below the craft, he could see two more humanoid figures. They looked almost identical to the figure he had just treated; only these had green skin instead of white.

What was strangest of all, however, was the way these other figures moved around, almost mechanically or robotically. This is an interesting detail, with many reports of alien encounters featuring details of robot-like creatures. Stranger still, when Parada looked too long at these other figures, he began to sense feelings of fear and dread rising up inside him. After several moments, the two figures began in the direction of the humanoid Parada had just treated. At the same time, the taller, pale-skinned figure began heading towards them. Then, he stopped and turned to Parada once more. This time, though, he addressed him by his name, something that shocked him as Parada hadn’t at any point told this figure his name. When the humanoid turned to leave again, Parada took himself back inside the medical tent, his mind racing with the events that had just unfolded. As such, he didn’t see the figures enter the craft, nor did he see the craft leave.

Aside from confiding in his brother (who was also in the region to volunteer his medical skills), Parada would keep the incident largely to himself, at least initially. However, over the next several months, he couldn’t cast the encounter from his mind, even suffering from several intense dreams and bouts of insomnia. Eventually, Parada agreed to speak about the encounter, and it came to light that he had kept a piece of medical dressing that he had used to treat the humanoid’s wound – a dressing that had the figure’s blood on it. At the time of writing, though, no DNA tests have been carried out on this material, at least none that is known to the general public.

Just who the figure might have been and for what reason they were in the region remains a complete mystery. The description of this tall humanoid entity is almost identical to descriptions of apparent aliens that were reported in abundance in the 1950s and are often referred to as the Nordics. These tall white humanoids of yesteryear were typically friendly and non-aggressive and often looked to impart knowledge and guidance to the people who encountered them. Furthermore, these encounters were not abductions but meetings where the respective witness remained of their own free will rather than being held or forced.

It is interesting to note that some researchers have questioned if these tall white humanoids could be connected to the legends of angels in Biblical writings. If that is true, then we might find that these apparent supernatural beings (angels) are, in fact, flesh-and-blood entities, albeit from elsewhere. We know, for example, that the figure in Parada’s account was bleeding, and so was not some kind of supernatural apparition.

tall-alien.jpg

Ultimately, the encounter remains a mystery, as does who the humanoid might have been. It is, though, far from the only encounter on record with bizarre and mysterious humanoid figures.

A decade previously, in England, an altogether different encounter with strange humanoid beings took place. According to the account, which first appeared on the paranormal blog Tales From Out There and soon spread to multiple other media platforms, on the afternoon of July 6th, 2009, somewhere in Wiltshire, an off-duty police sergeant was driving along the country roads when something caught his eye in one of the nearby fields at the roadside. When he turned to look in that direction, he could see several “strange-looking men” walking around in one of the cornfields. His first thought was that the figures were most likely teenagers enjoying a few beers out of the way. However, for reasons he couldn’t explain, he had a “strange feeling” about them and so decided to pull his car to the side of the road and investigate further.

He got out of the car and began across the field, all the while the “strange feeling” getting stronger and stronger. As he got closer, he could see there were three separate individuals, each of whom was at least six feet tall, most likely taller. They were each dressed in what appeared to be white overalls and moved about as if they were examining the ground as if they were looking for something. Seeing this, he now dismissed that the figures were teenagers and contemplated that they were a forensics team. Now, thinking a significant crime had been committed, he increased his pace, eager to offer assistance. As he got closer still, however, he began to hear a crackling sound like “static electricity” all around him. He stopped and listened for a moment, realizing that the sound appeared to be moving around him, and with each crackle, one of the crops where the sound came from moved in sympathy.

Realizing something strange was unfolding around him, the sergeant called out to the three men; however, none of them acknowledged or responded to him. He continued, and after taking several more steps, the three figures suddenly became aware of his presence. A moment later, all three of the figures turned and ran “faster than any man” the witness had ever seen. Within a second or two, they had disappeared. The static-like crackling sounds continued, however, and they continued to move around him. For the first time, the “strange feeling” turned to outright fear and he had a sudden urge to flee the field and head back to his car. He did just that, and several moments later, he was sitting in his car at the roadside. A moment after that, he started the engine and drove home, by which time he was experiencing an intense headache and intense feelings of nausea.

Interestingly, the witness did report the incident to his superior officer later that evening. However, the officer concerned refused to investigate the incident. Furthermore, as it had happened while the witness was off-duty, there was no official report on record. He was encouraged to forget about the encounter. However, because of its truly surreal nature, he found himself contemplating it more and more. When he discovered that a crop circle had recently appeared in the field where he had seen the three strange figures, he contacted a local expert and researcher, Andrew Russell.

Russell explored the incident and quickly came to the conclusion that the police sergeant had witnessed a group of extraterrestrials often referred to as Tall White Aliens. Russell also indicated that he was uncertain if these alien beings were responsible for the crop circle or whether they were looking to inspect it. We might recall that the police officer heard a crackling static electricity sound around him during the encounter. This could be suggestive of the crop circle forming around him while he was there.

Just what the anonymous police sergeant witnessed that afternoon in a lonely field in Wiltshire remains unknown. One thing of interest to note is that the witness claimed it appeared as though the three humanoids were searching for something on the ground, perhaps as if they were on some kind of fact-finding mission. As we shall see, this is something that comes up repeatedly in encounters with strange humanoid entities.

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Several years earlier, at a little after 4 am in the early hours of August 11th, 2003, just outside of Szczecinek in Poland, another encounter involving humanoid entities unfolded. According to the files of Brian Vike, who obtained the report from Polish UFO investigator, Tomek Wierszalowicz, on the morning in question, Lech Chacinski was making his way to work in his truck along the quiet country roads. As he was approaching a bridge, however, a strange figure suddenly appeared in the middle of the road a short distance ahead of him. Chacinski focused on the strange figure, realizing that it had its hand held up in front of it as if in greeting. Furthermore, two more almost identical figures stood behind the first one.

Cacinski pulled his truck to the side of the road and brought it to a stop. He could now see that each of the figures wore a shiny suit similar to that of an astronaut. Of more concern, Cacinski couldn’t escape a feeling that there was something “disturbingly extraordinary” about these three figures, even though they appeared human in almost every way (they were the same height, had two arms, two legs, etc.). He would further describe the attire of the creatures as shiny but with the appearance of “dull, silvery, elastic foil” that had a “puffed-out” look to them. Furthermore, each of the figures wore a helmet with a black visor that covered where the face should have been. Chacinski also noticed that on the torso, there were “seven lights in each row” that flashed different colors, while on their back, each of the figures carried some kind of backpack (quite possibly some kind of breathing apparatus).

Before Chacinksi realized what was happening, one of the figures was outside of his truck's cabin, peering in through the side window. From this close-up, he could see through the black visor somewhat and could easily make out “two round black eyes” looking directly at him. He was so unnerved by the pair of eyes that Chacinski went to restart his truck so he could drive away from the scene as quickly as possible. However, before he could do so, a “beam of light” emerged from the creature’s helmet and struck Chacinski. Then, he blacked out.

He came to several moments later, only now, he felt a sense of calm take over him. Even stranger, he could hear a voice – what he presumed was the creature’s voice – inside his head. It was telling him that he should not be afraid before asking Chacinski if he could hear them. Bizarrely, and without realizing how, Chacinksi replied that he could, but not with his voice but telepathically. The figure then began asking Chacinski questions about his vehicle, asking from “what material” it was made and what fuel it used. He answered these questions as best he could and recalled something akin to a sense of “great surprise” on the part of the creature as to his answers.

Following this, the creature then began speaking to Chacinski about the “catastrophic” consequences awaiting the planet if humanity continued on its current course, although he couldn’t recall any specific details of the conversation. He did, though, remember asking the humanoid figure one question, asking where they came from. To this, the creature replied that the “Eighth Galaxy” was their home.

Although he wasn’t sure how long this telepathic exchange lasted, following it, the three humanoids ascended into the air and floated away from the road to a large disc-shaped object that hovered nearby. Chacinski later stated that he wasn’t certain if the metallic craft had just arrived or had been waiting close by throughout the encounter. He did recall, however, that it was approximately 150 feet wide and around 1000 feet from his location. Moreover, he could see what appeared to be several rows of windows running along the side of the upper part of the object, while on the top, in the center, there was an “opaque chamber!”

As he looked on, the three figures had positioned themselves directly beneath the craft. Then, without warning, a “very bright blue-white light” emerged from the underside and “took the three beings up” into the object. Within a moment, the figures and the light were gone, and all that remained beneath the futuristic vehicle was a “colored smoke” that seemed to wrap itself around the craft. Chacinski looked on as the object rose into the air to an altitude of around 100 to 150 feet before moving slowly along the ground, the colored smoke following it. It then came to a very brief stop before suddenly shooting into the early morning sky with a bizarre sound that was a cross between a buzzing and a hissing.  

To his amazement, when he looked to the field where the object had been only moments earlier, he could see clear indentations in the crops that marked a perfect outline of the otherworldly craft. He managed to capture several photographs of the marks in the field, and several others were captured later during subsequent investigations following his report. Ultimately, many UFO investigators explored the case over the years, with almost all coming away feeling that Chacinski was a reliable, credible, and trustworthy witness.

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Without a doubt, one of the most thought-provoking encounters with humanoid entities unfolded on the evening of January 27th, 1978, along the banks of the River Weaver in Cheshire, England. According to an article detailing the account in Volume 26, Number 3 1980 edition of Flying Saucer Review by Jenny Randles and Paul Whetnall, at around 6 pm on the night in question, four young men were poaching pheasant near the river in an area referred to locally as the Devil’s Garden, a location, coincidentally or not, that has many legends attached to it. Due to their questionable activities, the four men would insist on anonymity when speaking of their experience.

As they looked for their prize in the woodland and vegetation around the river bank, one of the men noticed a “strange object” that appeared to be skimming along the surface of the water. To begin with, largely due to a recent news story of a Soviet satellite crashing to the ground in Canada, the men believed they were seeing another satellite of one of the Cold War superpowers coming back to Earth. However, after observing this aerial anomaly for several moments, it was clear to all of them that the object was not falling but was under some kind of intelligent control, now moving only 20 feet above the ground.

It passed directly over the top of the four men, a “light humming sound” appearing to come from it as it did so. As the object passed over them, a strange “rushing wind” followed behind it, a wind that the witnesses claimed made them feel decidedly unwell. At this distance, the four men could see that the object was spherical and had a silver exterior. They watched in shock as this strange craft descended to the ground, landing only a short distance away from where they were standing. They later estimated that the object was around 15 feet across and recalled seeing multiple flashing lights around the side. They also recalled seeing several window-like areas, from which a “very strange glow” could be seen coming from the inside of the craft. Stranger still, the men recalled that they could only look at this light for a short amount of time before their eyes began to hurt (later conclusions by UFO investigators were that this was some kind of ultraviolet light).  

Of immediate concern to the four men, they quickly noticed that when they looked at the now-landed object, it appeared “fuzzy” to them. This fuzziness alerted them to the potential for increased radiation around the craft, which caused them to begin backing away from it. However, before they could turn their backs, they noticed a strange figure suddenly emerge from the object. They could see that the figure was clearly humanoid and was wearing some kind of silver one-piece suit and a round helmet on its head, on top of which was violet light. The witnesses remained where they were, as still as possible, and watched as the humanoid appeared to be surveying its surroundings, the light on its helmet illuminating the area it was looking at. Eventually, this violet shade stopped on a herd of cows in a nearby field. After several moments, the humanoid figure turned and returned inside the craft.

The four men remained still, and a moment later, the figure emerged once more. However, this time, it was followed by a second humanoid figure dressed in the same silver-colored suit and wearing the same round helmet with a violet light on top. Between them, they were carrying what appeared to be a large, silver metal cage, although the ease with which the two figures carried it suggested that it was extremely light.

They were heading in the direction of the field where the cows were grazing. Once there, the two figures approached one of the cows that was slightly away from the rest of the herd. It was clear to the witnesses that this particular cow appeared to be unnaturally frozen to the spot as if it had been paralyzed standing up. They looked on as the two figures proceeded to place the cage around the cow before beginning to move several metallic plates into place. The witnesses were unsure if the humanoids were merely measuring or weighing the cow or if they were planning to take it back to their craft.

At this point, though, each of them decided they had seen enough and turned and ran away from the scene, eventually reaching a bridge where they crossed to the other side of the river. From there, they turned around in the direction they had just come from but were unable to see the humanoids or the spherical craft.  Strangely, however, one of the witnesses later told investigators that they recalled some kind of “pulling sensation” as he was running from the scene, almost as if there was an “invisible force” intentionally dragging him back. Even stranger, he also claimed that he felt this pull on his testicles, which he stated remained “sore” for several days afterward.

The incident remains unexplained today, almost half a century later. Was this some kind of cattle mutilation case? There are no reports of dead cattle being found in the days following the sighting. If not that, then was this some kind of intelligence-gathering mission? Was the cow taken and then returned to the field later? Or was whatever activity they were undertaking carried out right there in the field? All such questions remain unanswered. There were, though, several other similar sightings in the United Kingdom around the same time.

On the evening of January 2nd, for example, just under four weeks before the River Weaver encounter, a resident of Rainford in the Merseyside region of northwestern England reported seeing a humanoid figure wearing a silver suit. Just over two weeks later, on January 18th, in the same region, several schoolchildren claimed to have seen a “small UFO” land on the roof of their school.  Even more amazing, after several moments, three “astronauts” exited the craft and walked around on top of the school building. The children offered that the three humanoids were wearing golden-colored shiny suits (we might question whether these suits were, in fact, silver that might have been reflecting the sun).

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Whether there is a connection to the River Weaver encounter remains uncertain. However, we should ask how likely it would be that three different sets of witnesses should report seeing almost identical humanoid figures wearing identical clothing in the same (relatively speaking) geographic location within a month of each other. When we add to that that the United Kingdom experienced a discreet wave of UFO sightings and even several claims of alien abduction during this time, the River Weaver sighting takes on even more interest to UFO researchers and investigators.

Just short of a year later, in the early hours of November 25th, 1978, in the La Pizana estate of Spain near the town of Gerena, another bizarre humanoid encounter unfolded – one that shared many of the details with the River Weaver sighting. Interestingly or not, the following encounter also took place near water, this time near the Guadiamar River. On the night in question, at around 3:30 am, Manuel Gordillo and four friends were near the river in the eucalyptus trees on a late-night hunting trip. After they had been out for several hours, one of the group decided to return to the car and call it a night. The rest of the group decided to stay out. It would be a night none of them would ever forget.

Using their powerful flashlights, the remaining hunters scanned the area, looking for potential prey. As they were doing so, they noticed what looked to be strange red lights a short distance away. They appeared similar to the rear brake lights of a car, although none could understand how a car could have been driven into the woodland. The closer they got, the more they realized the red glow was not coming from a car’s rear brake lights. Realizing they were dealing with something out of the ordinary, the four men turned out their flashlights and began to approach much more cautiously. They watched the strange glow for several moments before deciding to cross to the other side of the river and resume their hunt. During this, though, Gordillo somehow became separated from the rest of the group.

To begin with, realizing he was alone, he moved the beam of his flashlight around him in an attempt to locate his friends. He couldn’t, though, see them anywhere. He then turned the flashlight off and whistled loudly, attempting to alert them. This worked, and almost immediately, he could see their flashlights heading in his direction. By the time they had found him, Gordillo could see that something strange had happened to them. Before he could contemplate things any further, one of his friends turned to him and asked, “Didn’t you see that again?” To this, Gordillo answered that he hadn’t seen anything unusual since they viewed the red lights on the other side of the river. His friends informed him that they had seen the bizarre lights again when he had become separated from them. After taking several moments to discuss what they should do, Gordillo, along with one of the hunters, Francisco Lopez Rivero, chose to head in the direction of the lights and investigate further while the rest of the group covered them from a distance.

They had only taken several steps when the lights were in view once more. From this distance, the lights appeared to be “shaking!” The closer they got to them, however, the more details became clear to them. They could see that there wasn’t just one light but several of them, all in a row, and they were on the side of a large object. Gordillo recalled that the object was hovering close to the ground and was a distinct round shape. From this distance – approximately 100 feet – he could see that the lights were not all red but different colors. Rivero would offer a different description, stating that the object was similar to a “large, earthen jar, upside down (and) with a red light on top!” He also recalled that the lights were different colors, stating they were a mixture of green, orange, yellow, and red, as well as that the object appeared to rest on several silver legs.

Even stranger, though, what really got their attention was the strange humanoid person who was walking in front of them. As it moved, Gordillo temporarily lost sight of it, unable to tell if the figure had returned inside the craft or had walked around it. Then, the figure was back in view once more. At this point, Gordillo could only see the bottom half of the figure, but it appeared it was very tall, and he could see it was wearing some kind of boots. The two men could also hear a bizarre “mmm” sound that appeared to come from the humanoid, almost as if it was humming. Rivero, who was several feet behind Gordillo, recalled briefly seeing that the figure was wearing a shiny, silver helmet with a visor similar to a typical motorbike helmet. Furthermore, much like Gordillo, Rivero also sensed the figure was tall, standing between six and a half and seven feet.

The next thing they realized, the figure was heading in their direction. By the time it was close enough for them to hear the sound of its footsteps, the two men turned around and ran back to the rest of the group. Once there, all four of them scrambled back to the other side of the river and back to their car.

While that was the end of the initial encounter, several weeks later, on January 14th, 1979, Rivero returned to the location with UFO investigators. It took several hours, but they eventually found the location where they had witnessed the strange figure and equally strange object. They could see that there was a clear circular indention in the vegetation that had created a clearing of sorts. All agreed that the clearing appeared far from natural and seemed to have been made by the object that had landed there. Perhaps of more interest to investigators, they also discovered what appeared to be several strange footprints. What was particularly interesting about these footprints, although investigators were unable to determine exactly when the footprints had been made, they were able to determine that whoever – or whatever – had made them had likely stood around seven feet tall – exactly as Gordillo and Rivero had estimated.

Ultimately, while the La Pizana encounter remains unexplained, it contains several intriguing and resonating details – ones that also show up in many other humanoid cases. In fact, around the same time, Spain experienced several very similar humanoid encounters. One of these occurred in Sevilla, also in November 1978. According to the files of Moises Garrido Vazquez, Antonia Aranda awoke suddenly in the middle of the night to find a seven-foot-tall humanoid standing over her bed. The figure was dressed entirely in black, with a black helmet and a visor covering its face. Before she could take in any more detail, she felt a blast of cold, icy air hit her in the face before she blacked out. When she came to, she saw a round, glowing metal sphere hovering directly over the top of her and she knew instinctively that the cold blast of air had come from this curious hovering device.

The next thing she knew, the figure dressed in black approached her once more. He claimed to her that he was “regenerating” her. She then blacked out once more. When she awoke next time, the figure and strange spherical device were nowhere to be seen. In the years that followed, Antonia claimed to have had several further encounters with this strange figure. Also interesting, following these encounters, she noticed how she had strange effects on electrical devices, even causing many of them to cease working altogether.

It is also worth mentioning that at the same time in East Sussex in the United Kingdom (which was experiencing its own wave of UFO and humanoid encounters) a local resident claimed to have seen a bizarre humanoid figure who was dressed entirely in black, including a black helmet that covered its face, from her window. At the same time, she noticed that her pet dog was seemingly petrified and cowered in the corner of the room.   

Another encounter that unfolded in November 1978, this time somewhere in Italy, is of further interest. On the night in question, somewhere around midnight, “Antonio F” was watching television at his home when his pet dog suddenly began barking close to the window. Antonio got up from his chair and walked over to the window and looked outside, contemplating that there might be an intruder in the yard. At first, he could see nothing unusual. Then, out of the cold, drizzly night, a bright orange glow appeared approximately 100 feet from his property. In a similar response as the hunters in La Pizana, Antonio contemplated whether the glow belonged to a passing car that was experiencing trouble or had even crashed. However, a moment later, he dismissed this possibility, deciding that he was instead looking at something altogether more unusual.

Despite the late hour, he called out to his family. However, by the time they had dragged themselves from their beds, the lights had disappeared. They all returned inside, certain the strangeness had ended. However, a short time later, the dog began barking once more, alerting Antonio that whatever he had seen had returned. A moment later, he ventured outside once more to investigate. He began in the direction where he had seen the lights a short time earlier. Before he could reach the location, though, he heard a sudden rustling sound from the nearby vegetation.

Instinctively, he turned on the flashlight he was carrying and pointed the beam in the direction the sound had come from. He was more than shocked when the light settled on two humanoid figures. Each figure wore a dark, tight-fitting one-piece suit, and each was at least six feet tall. The two figures appeared to stare at Antonio for several moments before retreating into the shadows. When Antonio went to the location he had seen the figures the following day, he discovered a round patch of burnt vegetation on the ground. He contemplated if the glowing object had made this burnt patch and whether that had been the craft the two humanoids had arrived in. Once more, we might ask if these two humanoids are the same as those witnessed by the hunters in La Pizana.

According to an article in the April 6th, 1976 edition of Flying Saucer Review titled Forced Feeding by J.M. Bigorne, on a lonely road in France at around 5:30 am on February 28th, 1974, an anonymous 59-year-old man was riding his moped along Highway 38 when he suddenly found himself at the center of a bizarre encounter with mysterious humanoids.

As he was coming over a bridge that stretched over the River Thon, he suddenly experienced a bizarre episode of missing time. He realized that he was no longer moving and was simply sitting on his moped at the roadside. He couldn’t recall slowing down his moped or coming to a stop. It was as if he was moving one moment and then stopped dead the next. He was so confused that it took him a moment to notice the two humanoid figures – who he referred to as cosmonauts due to the round helmets on their heads – who were standing right next to him. He could have sworn he was alone only moments earlier. It was as if these figures were not there one moment and next to him the next, as if they had just appeared out of thin air.

As well as the helmet, with a visor that covered their face, they each wore a dark, one-piece, tight-fitting suit. He also noticed that each of the figures wore a pair of long “five-fingered gloves” that went right the way up their arms, which the witness likened to gloves used for the “artificial insemination of cattle!”

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It was at this point that he became aware of a huge, circular object that he described as a “dark circular mass” with no lights that was sitting on the ground in a nearby field. He estimated the object was around the size of two cars and appeared to be completely silent. As he was taking in the details of the craft, his foot still resting on the ground as he sat on his moped, the two humanoids began to investigate the handlebars. They occasionally looked at him, which caused a surge of fear to run through him. Then, things turned even more surreal.

The two humanoids began gesturing to the witness in a manner that they were encouraging him to eat something. When the witness simply remained still and looked at them, the two figures turned to each other and appeared to be somehow communicating. Then, one of them reached behind them and produced a small square that the witness claimed looked like a “piece of chocolate!” Once more, the figure gestured to the witness that he should eat it. More out of fear than anything else, the witness took the square and ate it. He later stated that although it was tasteless, it had a similar texture to chocolate, although slightly softer. As he ate it, the two humanoids simply watched him as if they were ensuring he swallowed it. When he had done so, they backed away slightly and gestured at him once more, motioning that he was now free to go.

He started his moped immediately and left the scene as fast as he could. He later told UFO investigators that he had no actual memory of setting off. One moment, he was watching the figures gesturing that he could go; the next, he was speeding down the road as he had been before he came over the bridge. Of course, whether this was due to the surrealness of the situation or whether these strange beings used some kind of technology to cloud his memory remains open to debate. Investigators, though, would soon manage to piece together a fuller picture of the anonymous witness’s encounter.

Although he didn’t notice any effects after eating the chocolate-like substance, because the witness didn’t see a doctor in the hours following the incident, no medical tests could be carried out in an attempt to see what the substance was. Furthermore, it remained a mystery as to why the humanoids were insistent that he ate it in the first place. It is perhaps worth mentioning many alien abduction encounters where the abductee is asked – or sometimes forced – to drink a clear or tasteless liquid so that their memory of their respective encounters is erased. Although this was food and not a drink, could it be that the effect of the chocolate-like substance achieved the same end? Could the humanoids have been so insistent that he ate the square substance in the hope that he would not recall the bizarre events? Perhaps much more happened that strange night that is locked away in the witness’s memory.

As time went on, the witness became less and less inclined to speak about the bizarre encounter, not least due to the ridicule he received from work colleagues and some of his friends. However, some of the witness’s neighbors took it upon themselves to visit the location where he claimed the events had unfolded. And when they did, they made some remarkable discoveries. In the precise location where the witness claimed he had seen the craft in the field, they found several depressions in the ground as if something very heavy had recently rested there. Furthermore, the surrounding vegetation had been squashed in a perfect circle – the same shape the witness claimed the craft was. UFO investigators later spoke with the neighbors in question and found them all to be of sound mind and, ultimately, credible witnesses.

Just who the strange humanoids were and why they seemingly stopped the witness and forced him to eat the chocolate-like substance remains a complete mystery.

Perhaps adding further credibility to the admittedly bizarre encounter is that there are several other very similar reports from France near the same time as the Highway 38 incident. Only two weeks previously, for example, according to an article in the No. 14, 2nd Quarter 1975 edition of Ouranos, at around 1:30 pm on February 14th, 1974, in Petite-Ile, another anonymous gentleman was walking along a quiet country road when he suddenly felt a strange force “pulling at him” as well as a “tingling sensation” that permeated his entire body.

At this point, the witness looked around to see if they could identify the source of this strange force. His focus quickly fell upon a white, disc-shaped object that had a domed upper section. He watched in amazement as it hovered a short distance from the ground, only several feet from him. Then, without warning, an urgent beam of light came from the craft and settled straight on him. Through the light, he could see three “small beings” that he estimated were no more than three feet in height. These strange figures were moving back and forth, seeming to go back inside the craft through some kind of doorway in the side and then back out again.

He later described these creatures as wearing a metallic one-piece suit, each identical to the other. He remained where he was and watched the bizarre scene play out in front of him. Then, after several minutes, the three figures reentered the craft, which began to ascend rapidly until it disappeared. For several days after the encounter, the witness experienced severe headaches, as well as temporary vision impairment likely from the beam of light.

According to an article in Volume 22, 1976 edition of Flying Saucer Review, at around 9 pm on August 26th, 1974, in Feignes, a little over six months after the Highway 38 incident, a resident was waiting anxiously outside their home for the return of his daughter, who was late returning from a festival in the town. As he was pacing outside, he noticed a curious object in the night sky, one that he later described as being a “perfectly round black hole” that was around 700 feet from where he stood. He watched it for several moments, certain that the object was descending in a controlled and purposeful manner.

At this point, the man ran inside the house to inform his wife of the aerial anomaly. They both rushed back outside, the craft still overhead but now much closer, less than 100 feet from the ground. From this proximity, the pair could see a corona of light around the object split from the middle, giving the impression of two letter “Ds” as they moved. Eventually, they split completely apart from each other, with one of them heading into the distance while the other remained hovering overhead.

The pair continued to watch the object and were more than shocked to see two humanoid figures dressed almost identical to an astronaut moving around on the other side of what appeared to be a large window in the side of the object. The astronaut-type suits appeared to be made from some kind of metallic-type material and were grey-white in color. Strangely, the figures moved in a bizarre manner, almost “like puppets” that were two-dimensional. In total, the husband and wife watched the object and humanoids inside it for around 40 minutes before his concern for his daughter became too great, and the main witness drove into the town to look for her. By the time he returned, his daughter now with him, the bizarre object had disappeared. Like many of the other encounters we have explored, the sighting remains unexplained.

We might note that several of the encounters we have examined here have featured humanoids wearing some kind of one-piece suit, often silver, at least partially, in color. More often than not, these suits are made of some kind of metallic material. Furthermore, although not exclusively, many of these humanoids wear helmets with a dark or black colored visor obscuring their facial features. Is it a mere coincidence that they were in such similar attire, or does it suggest that we could be dealing with one specific race of alien or otherworldly visitor? Might we even consider that these humanoids dressed almost identically to modern astronauts could be human time travelers from the future or even another dimension?

As we mentioned at the start, these are but a handful of questions from a handful of encounters with bizarre humanoid beings, and we will undoubtedly return to this area of interest in a future article to explore more of these fascinating and mind-blowing accounts. For now, we have much to contemplate, not least how the accounts we have examined here might fit into the bigger picture of the UFO mystery, and the wider paranormal world

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US Military Recovered UFO That ‘Distorted Space-Time’ & Craft Able To ‘Alter Our Reality’ As Mentioned In Bizarre Navy Docs

Space time distortion UFO

US Military Recovered UFO That ‘Distorted Space-Time’ & Craft Able To ‘Alter Our Reality’ As Mentioned In Bizarre Navy Docs

Physicist Michio Kaku proposes the existence of other dimensions, also known as parallel universes, coexisting alongside our own reality. Within these dimensions, it is plausible that there are beings or entities living alongside us, despite our inability to perceive them. While the concept of alternate dimensions or universes may seem far-fetched to some, it is intricately connected to the subject of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs), commonly referred to as UFO phenomena.

We live in a four-dimensional world (if time is included), but scientists propose there are more dimensions. However, they do not believe there can exist more than 11 dimensions because conditions become unstable and particles naturally collapse back down into 10 or 11 dimensions. The 12th dimension, for example, introduces a second time.

“Our understanding of reality is not complete, by far,” says Stanford University physicist Andrei Linde. “Reality exists independently of us.” If they exist, those universes are separated from ours, unreachable and undetectable by any direct measurement (at least so far). And that makes some experts question whether the search for a multiverse can ever be truly scientific.

In the realm of science, our quest for understanding alternate or higher dimensions remains ongoing. However, within the field of UFOlogy, intriguing cases have emerged suggesting the existence of not just other dimensions, but also the presence of entities residing within them. These beings seem to possess the ability to manipulate a bridge connecting their realm to ours, enabling them to embark on regular visits to our world.

Crashed UFO that ‘distorted space and time’

A very strange UFO case has been shared by American attorney Daniel Sheehan with Daily Mail. Sheehan involved in bringing UFO whistleblowers to Congress, claimed that a whistleblower told him a mind-boggling tale about a recovered crashed UFO. He revealed that a crashed UFO recovered by the US military had distorted space-time and was “bigger on the inside.” The whistleblower has reportedly briefed Senate Intelligence Committee staff on the matter.

Project Blue Book Classified Version Daniel P. Sheehan. Image credit: danielpsheehan.com

According to Sheehan, one of the alleged recoveries described by the insider involved a 30-foot saucer partially embedded in the earth. When attempts were made to remove it using a bulldozer, the craft exhibited unusual behavior. As it was being pulled out, it seemingly detached in a pie slice-shaped section, suggesting that it was constructed in a unique way.

The anonymous whistleblower then entered the craft and was astonished to find that the interior was as large as a football stadium, while the exterior was only about 30 feet in diameter. The experience inside caused disorientation and nausea due to the vast size discrepancy. Furthermore, upon exiting the craft in a few minutes, the whistleblower found that four hours had passed outside, indicating time distortion as well.

Sheehan mentions that the craft’s distortion of space and time is consistent with the theories proposed by physicists regarding advanced propulsion systems. These theories suggest that warping space-time could be used to counteract the effects of gravity and achieve advanced forms of propulsion. However, Sheehan does not provide further specific details, such as the location or date of the incident, and admits to being unable to provide concrete evidence to support these claims.

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Moreover, on Jesse Michels’ show, astronomer and UFO researcher Jacques Vallee discussed another UFO case that includes experiencing another dimension by the witness. Valle said: “There was one case in San Jose. A woman had seen something over her house. It was a big disc, and I say, ‘How big was it?’ And she says, ‘Well, it was about the same size as her house. It was, you know, just like that.’ Then I say, ‘Well, when you went inside, you said, uh, you know, there was this being, and the being took you on a staircase.’ I say, ‘Where did the staircase go?’ Well, the staircase went up the side of this big round room. I say, ‘How would you compare it?’ Well, like a movie house, you know, like an M5 theater. I said, ‘That’s bigger than your house.’”

Luis Elizondo, the man who managed the UFO program inside the Pentagon, explains how space-time distortion works and hints that we can manipulate this physics for technological advancement. In an interview with George Knapp in 2018, Elizondo explains:

“Space-time is something we observe in the natural world all the time, especially in relation to gravity and GPS satellites. The clocks on these satellites need constant calibration. Even though the clocks on the satellites are identical to the ones on the ground station, they still require regular calibration. The reason for this is the effect of Earth’s gravity on space-time. The clocks on Earth run slightly slower compared to the clocks on the platforms above Earth.

How is this possible if the clocks are the same? Well, it’s because the closer you are to a massive object, like Earth, the more space-time warps. This phenomenon is explained by the theory of general relativity, which boils down to using the equation E=mc². Essentially, it means that a significant amount of mass or energy warps space-time. When you approach a supermassive object like the sun, the distortion becomes even greater. In fact, near a black hole, time becomes so distorted that it virtually stops.

We have observed this phenomenon through gravitational lensing when studying distant galaxies. We can actually see the effects of gravity on space-time with our own eyes, so it’s a scientific fact, not fiction. The question now is how we can manipulate this physics for technological advancement. Potentially, we could warp space-time in a way that allows us to travel from point A to point B more quickly.”

Is it possible that an advanced extraterrestrial civilization has already accomplished this kind of technology and has been using it to visit our world? Or perhaps we already have such technology?

In 2021, leaked documents revealed that the US Navy had conducted experiments on various far-fetched technologies, including a “space modification weapon.” These documents, disclosed by The War Zone, detailed the research carried out by the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD) between 2017 and 2019. The most interesting thing is that the technology written in those documents discusses propulsion system that defies gravity, or to devastating weapons that bends the laws of physics and craft that alters the fabric of time and space.

The man behind all the patents is Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais, who is an aerospace engineer at the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD). He has four patents registered in his name that contain the source of technology that would change the world. In these patents, a “Spacetime Modification Weapon” (SMW, a weapon that can make the Hydrogen bomb seem more like a firecracker, in comparison) is mentioned.

Dr. Salvatore Pais Dr. Salvatore Pais is a physicist and aerospace engineer with the US Navy. In 2019 his inventions of 3 highly advanced forms of technology were granted patents.

Are these patents a cover for the reverse-engineered extraterrestrial technology? The Navy’s objective in testing this conceptual system was to keep pace with similar programs being developed in China. The researchers believed that the space modification weapon could revolutionize power and propulsion systems. The technology was based on the “Pais effect” aimed to push the boundaries of science.

Pais made ambitious claims about the potential of this technology, suggesting that it could lead to a propulsion system defying gravity or devastating weapons that bend the laws of physics. He even outlined plans for a “hybrid aerospace-underwater craft” capable of altering the fabric of time and space.

The Navy’s aerospace research enterprise supported Pais’s patents, stating that they filed them to keep up with similar technological advancements being pursued by the Chinese military. The “space modification weapon” described in the documents was envisioned to release extremely hi

However, the experiments conducted between 2017 and 2019 were inconclusive. The elusive Pais effect was neither observed nor disproven during this period. The Pais effect refers to a theoretical physics concept that involves the controlled movement of highly electrically charged matter. If proven possible, it could enable the creation of powerful energy fields capable of fundamentally engineering the fabric of reality.

It is unclear whether the US Navy is continuing its experiments on the Pais effect or if the project has been discontinued entirely. None of the futuristic technologies described in the leaked UFO patents were developed, leaving the ultimate fate of the space modification weapon and related concepts uncertain.

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Journalist Claims Aliens Engaging With Earth Will Be Revealed In 12-18 Months: They Look Like ‘Greys

Stanford Top Scientist Claims ‘100%’ Aliens Are On Earth; He Himself ...

Journalist Claims Aliens Engaging With Earth Will Be Revealed In 12-18 Months: They Look Like ‘Greys’

Former US intelligence official David Grusch has set a benchmark for numerous anonymous whistleblowers to step forward and reveal the truth concealed by the government for a minimum of 90 years. Grusch claimed that the US government has proof of alien life and spacecraft from another species. He mentions a significant number of these spacecraft, some of which have landed while others have crashed.

Now, at least 30 other whistleblowers secretly confirm “Non-Human Biologics” & “Retrieval Programs.” Journalist Michael Shellenberger writes that “they are working for the federal government or government contractors have given testimony, or a ‘protected disclosure,’ to the Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General (IC IG), the Defense Department Inspector General (DOD IG), or to Congress over the last several months, according to multiple sources interviewed by Public.” (Source)

In this interview with veteran Melbourne talkback radio host Neil Mitchell, investigative journalist Ross Coulthart shared some background information about UFOs and what is going on within the US Congress related to the phenomena. Coulthart, who has extensively researched and written about this subject, emphasized that the question of whether we are alone in the universe is, in his view, “the biggest story ever.”

“I personally think there’s an extremely high probability that we are not alone as an intelligent species in this universe, and I also think from the sources that I speak to, there is a preponderance of evidence to suggest, at least prima facie, that we should assume that we are being visited by a non-human intelligence,” Coulthart said.

In the interview, Coulthart shared his encounter with an individual named Nat Kobitz, who had been a Director of Science Technology Development for the U.S. Navy. Kobitz, who later died of cancer, disclosed the existence of non-human intelligence and multiple crash retrievals to Coulthart. This conversation served as a catalyst for Coulthart’s deep dive into the subject. Through Kobitz, Coulthart was introduced to individuals with direct knowledge and involvement in what he refers to as “the program.” These connections led him to more sources, and as a journalist, he reached his conclusion based on a preponderance of evidence.

Ross Coulthart acknowledged that the reasons for the cover-up are multifaceted, suggesting that the initial secrecy in the 1950s stemmed from concerns that the religious world would be deeply disturbed by the notion of encountering an advanced non-human intelligence.

Coulthart says, “I think the real reason that’s at the heart of this is knowing, as I do from the sources that I’ve spoken to, that the United States definitely has recovered technology. I think that there is a Cold War battle underway for the attempt to try to replicate that technology, to reverse engineer it. This has been going on since at least the end of World War II, incredibly. And it hasn’t been very successful, but the Americans are aware that the Russians have got similar technology, and so have the Chinese.”

Mitchell questioned Coulthart about the evidence he had personally seen or whether he was relying solely on second-hand reports. Coulthart replied, “This is why I’m not a hundred percent… I try and talk a little bit legalistically. I don’t believe that we’re Beyond Reasonable Doubt yet. I think on the balance of probabilities, yes, I do think that we have what are called biologics. I do think that they have recovered biological material and bodies, and I’ve actually spoken to people who’ve told me that they’ve seen bodies.”

Coulthart acknowledged that he had not personally witnessed UFOs or bodies but had formed his opinion based on the accounts of numerous individuals who had provided evidence over the course of several years. These individuals, some of whom have testified under oath, have described encounters with entities that fit the classic description of “Grays/Greys.”

“Most of the descriptions that I’ve heard concur with the classic gray shape: the large head, enormous eyes, very little if any nose, barely discernible slit of a mouth, no ears—essentially, the classic three-foot to four-foot-high gray.”

Coulthart speculated about the possibility of the UFO truth becoming public knowledge in the near future, suggesting that within 12 to 18 months, the world might have a clearer understanding of the mysterious phenomenon of UAPs and UFOs. “I think that the world will probably know publicly within, I suspect, 12 to 18 months,” he said.

Coulthart also discussed the issue of secrecy in Washington, highlighting that there are thousands of special access programs in which sensitive information is protected and does not leak to the public. He mentioned that even though notable investigative journalists have uncovered significant secrets, there are many that remain hidden from the public eye.

Coulthart said, “David Grusch laughed when I said that term because I asked him the same question, and I said, ‘You know, you guys can’t keep a secret in Washington, for God’s sake, the place leaks.’ And he laughed because he was briefed into 2,000-plus special access programs, most of which he says have never leaked secrets that are integral to U.S. national security programs that are still protected.”

When asked about the most impressive revelation from his interview with David Grush, Coulthart pointed to Grusch’s admission that there have been multiple retrievals of non-human craft and entities, which he refers to as “biologics” or non-human intelligence beings. Coulthart underscored the fact that Grusch, although not having personally seen these beings or craft, played a pivotal role in bringing individuals with direct knowledge to testify before the Senate Select Committee for Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee for Intelligence, two of the most influential committees in the United States government.

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Coulthart highlighted the growing momentum within Congress to reveal the truth about these phenomena, driven by a pro-disclosure movement within the defense community. He noted that some senior figures, including generals and admirals, believe it is time for the public to be informed. However, he also pointed out the anti-transparency faction, which, at present, appears to be in the majority. This faction is concerned about the potential impact on national security and foreign relations, particularly with the rising tensions with China.

Coulthart discussed the possibility of alien disclosure within the next 12 to 18 months, suggesting that there might be an acknowledgment of non-human intelligence engaging with Earth. He mentioned efforts to secure interviews with senior officials who could make such an admission. However, he also pointed out that there is a pushback against full disclosure, partly due to concerns about the current political climate, including questions about Joe Biden’s capacity to lead and uncertainty about how a potential future President, like Donald Trump, might handle such sensitive information.

Ross Coulthart: “So, I wouldn’t be surprised if what we saw was a compromise where there was the beginning of an admission that, ‘Oh gosh, yes, we think there may indeed be life behind this, some kind of intelligence, but we need to do more work.’ I think we might see that kind of qualified revelation, but it’s still a remote possibility. It’s equally possible that this all might be put back in a box and covered up for another 50 years.”

Coulthart also touched upon the potential corporate implications of disclosure, particularly regarding companies like Lockheed Martin, which might have been involved in concealing non-human technology. He mentioned legislation proposed by Chuck Schumer that could assert eminent domain over any non-human technology and biologic bodies, essentially confiscating these assets and raising concerns about how publicly traded companies would handle such a situation.

Alien/UAP disclosure soon?

The US Senate has passed an amendment that would force government agencies to hand over any records on UFOs within 300 days and would mandate the disclosure of those records to the public unless there is a compelling reason to keep them classified. However, the new legislation explains that the president can postpone disclosure of certain records if disclosure poses a national security risk. The legislation requires postponed records to be reviewed periodically to see if it is safe to declassify them. (Source)

“After the Review Board has made a formal determination concerning public disclosure or postponement, the President will have the sole ability to overturn or concur such determination. At the latest, each UAP record must be publicly disclosed in full and made available in the Collection no later than 25 years after the law is enacted, unless the President certifies that continued postponement is necessary because of a direct harm to national security.”


The Different Types Of Alien You Should Know About | Unveiled

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NASA's troubled Mars sample-return mission has scientists seeing red

NASA's troubled Mars sample-return mission has scientists seeing red

Afbeelding

Artist's conception of the vehicles that would participate in a Mars sample return campaign by NASA and the European Space Agency. 
(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)

NASA is seemingly caught between a Mars rock and a hard place. 

The space agency’s best-laid plan to robotically retrieve prized samples of the Red Planet for scrutiny back on Earth has been decades in the making and is seen as a "must-do" by many planetary scientists. Now it has gone awry, imperiled by a wildly unrealistic budget and schedule. Although a programmatic overhaul is now underway, no one can yet say just how — or when — the Mars Sample Return (MSR) initiative will succeed, and lawmakers have threatened the project with outright cancellation.

The tumult erupted last September with the release of a sanity check of MSR conducted by a NASA-established independent review board (IRB). MSR, the IRB found, is likely to cost somewhere between $8 billion and $11 billion in its current form—several billion dollars beyond the project’s recommended budgetary limits. Moreover, the board reported a near-zero chance of vital MSR elements being ready for launches slated for 2027 and 2028 — let alone the "Earth return" that was projected for 2033.

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MSR’s complex architecture is a key driver of such high costs and troubling delays. The official plan calls for a NASA-built lander to voyage to Mars while housing a small sample-return rocket, as well as a robotic arm provided by the European Space Agency (ESA). The lander would touch down near the Perseverance rover that’s already been busily dropping tubes of carefully curated samples from its explorations around Jezero Crater, the site of an ancient river delta. Those specimens would be picked up and stuffed into the rocket by Perseverance — or perhaps instead retrieved by a couple of newly minted flying drones akin to the Ingenuity helicopter that the rover already let loose on Mars.

The sample-packed rocket would launch into orbit around Mars to rendezvous with an ESA-supplied spacecraft for subsequent transport to Earth. Encased in a protective capsule, the samples would at last reach our planet by plummeting from space to the Utah Test and Training Range, where they’d be recovered and whisked to a specialized facility for processing and further study.

Replanning and ramping back

Nationwide, more than 1,300 people have been working on MSR, but that number is dropping. After the IRB report’s release, NASA hit the pause button on the project: the space agency announced that several of its research centers were “ramping back” associated work. A hiring freeze is now in effect at the space agency’s MSR-managing Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and last week the lab laid off 100 of its contractors. The slowdown comes as NASA faces a constricted budget in fiscal year 2024 because of a debt ceiling spending cap deal in Congress. The House of Representatives’ proposed budget allots nearly $1 billion to the project in 2024 per NASA’s request, while the Senate’s budget offers only $300 million — and explicitly threatens MSR with cancellation if the program’s costs can’t be reined in.

In response, NASA has set up a Mars Sample Return Independent Review Board Response Team (MIRT), led by Sandra Connelly, the space agency’s deputy associate administrator for science. Connelly is expected to provide an update about MIRT’s process and progress in an upcoming "town hall" meeting. Meanwhile the agency has delayed its plans to confirm the official mission cost and schedule pending MIRT’s conclusions, which are expected in March 2024.

"The team will make a recommendation by the second quarter of fiscal year 2024 regarding a path forward for Mars Sample Return within a balanced overall science program," said NASA’s Dewayne Washington, a senior communications manager for MSR, in a statement to Scientific American. "The agency will delay its plans to confirm the official mission cost and schedule until after the completion of this review."

ESA, for its part, maintains that it is "steadfastly progressing towards fulfilling all of its commitments" for a launch as early as 2028, according to a statement provided to Scientific American. ESA is working closely with NASA on replanning MSR, the statement explained. "On the ESA side, the outcome of the ESA/NASA studies will be formulated as options and the way forward will then be decided together with [ESA] Member States," it said.

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NASA's Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie looking down at one of 10 sample tubes deposited at the sample depot it created in an area nicknamed Three Forks. This image was taken by the WATSON camera on the rover’s robotic arm on Jan. 20, 2023, the 684th Martian day, or sol, of the mission.  (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS)

A question of priorities

MSR’s perceived scientific value is the rationale for NASA and ESA traversing the delicate geopolitical tightrope of the project’s replanning, says Victoria Hamilton, a planetary geologist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo. Hamilton also chairs the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG), a committee that is advising NASA on its Red Planet plans and participated in the IRB that issued last September’s damning report.

Multiple planetary science decadal surveys produced by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine have anointed MSR as the highest scientific priority for all of NASA’s robotic exploration efforts, she notes. The last such decadal survey, however, issued in 2022, gauged MSR’s nominal cost as $5.3 billion and cautioned that overruns on the project could "undermine the long-term programmatic balance of [NASA’s] planetary portfolio."

Achieving that balance is essential, Hamilton says, because Mars isn’t the only alluring destination vying for more attention and federal dollars. The very same decadal survey that reinforced MSR’s preeminence also set several other high-priority objectives, such as robotic NASA missions to Uranus, Venus and the mysterious Saturnian moons Enceladus and Titan. Left unchecked, cost and schedule overruns for MSR could easily cascade throughout the space agency’s planetary science division to disrupt these other projects — not to mention any NASA efforts to send humans to Mars.

"In addition to the scientific benefits, MSR will feed forward into human exploration plans," Hamilton says. "And I honestly don’t understand how we can talk about sending humans to Mars to do science if a pathfinding mission like MSR is deemed too ambitious or too costly."

Others, conversely, struggle to understand how MSR in its current form benefits the broader planetary science community—and how the official plan for its execution came so far before being formally called out for its excesses. One well-versed space agency official, who asked for anonymity, bluntly calls the plan a “dumpster fire.”

"Within the planetary science community, you have the Mars faction [that supports MSR]. But the outer planets community doesn’t care about MSR," the official says. "The Venus exploration advocates don’t care about this, nor does the moon community. Then there’s perhaps half of the Mars community that feels [that for MSR’s estimated cost], you can imagine a lot of Mars rovers going across the surface and see a whole fleet of Mars orbiters that also need to be replaced."

Fran Bagenal, a planetary scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder’s (CU Boulder’s) Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and a veteran of multiple NASA interplanetary missions, is skeptical that MSR’s skyrocketing price tag will prove worthwhile despite its historic astrobiological potential. Most of the material in and around Jezero Crater is more than 3.7 billion years old, she notes—and scientists still vigorously debate any hints of life in rocks of similar vintage right here on our own far-better-studied Earth. 

"So what will we learn by spending many billions on returning [such] samples from Mars?" she asks. "It’s easy to say, 'It has to be new and interesting, whatever we find.' But we must be responsible to the taxpayer and ask if it is worth the cost." Investing instead in developing better methods for robotic, in situ studies on Mars, she argues, could be a more affordable option that also yields new approaches for other destinations, such as Venus and Jupiter’s icy, oceanic moon Europa.

The A-ha! moment

According to Scott Hubbard, former director of NASA’s Ames Research Center, who served as the agency’s inaugural Mars exploration program director from 2000 to 2001, there’s an easy explanation for MSR’s programmatic miscalculations. Historically, he says, NASA has shown a strong tendency to err on the low side of mission costs to get a project approved; the aha! moment comes later. "NASA counts on this a great deal, whether consciously or unconsciously," he says — especially for ambitious initiatives such as MSR. Add to this "the 'evolutionary' process of how [MSR’s planning] was dragged out over decades," and you end up with the current state of affairs.

Bruce Jakosky, a scientist at CU Boulder’s Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and former lead investigator of NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) orbiter, which is presently at Mars, has spent decades researching the Red Planet’s climate, atmosphere and potential habitability. The scientific value of returning Mars samples cached by NASA’s Perseverance rover for studies back here on Earth cannot be overstated, he maintains. "There are analyses that we can carry out here that are just not possible using even the best-equipped rover on the surface," Jakosky says.

Mars Sample Return is important for another reason, Jakosky adds. "It’s a demonstration of the ability to do a round trip to Mars and will be incredibly valuable as a risk-reduction effort in preparing for human missions to Mars," he says. "Given that advance work is already going on related to planning the architecture of human Mars missions, this seems like a necessary step along the way."

Salvaging MSR, Hubbard says, may require making the project an "all-of-NASA initiative" to take advantage of the agency’s human exploration plans (and budgets). This could allow for new mission profiles that reduce complexity — if not cost. NASA’s new Space Launch System [SLS] megarocket, he notes, is meant for lofting crews and hefty payloads into Earth orbit for voyages to the moon — but its huge size could conceivably house all of MSR’s planned elements, which are currently intended for two separate rockets. With SLS, he says, "you could probably launch the whole thing in one fell swoop." (An SLS launch, however, costs more than $2 billion— about 40% of the entire baseline MSR budget, leaving aside the multibillion-dollar overruns projected by the IRB.)

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The China factor

For James Head, a planetary scientist at Brown University, it has not been a question of one mission to return samples from Mars but rather of many. "There are so many different fundamental scientific problems to address, and so many different places to go to address them, that multiple Mars sample return missions are essential," he says.

The possibility of multiple sample-return sorties isn’t a pipe dream: China is planning one of its own — a mission called Tianwen-3 that is planned to launch in 2028 and would seek to deliver Mars rocks to Earth as early as mid-2031. Last April Head co-convened a session on that country’s Mars sample endeavor in Hefei, China.

"They are clearly moving ahead on this mission," he says, noting the large number of Chinese university students and mission personnel from institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences that have proposed Tianwen-3 landing sites. "The project is moving forward well, and we are working on the landing site location," says Yang "Steve" Liu, a planetary scientist at the National Space Science Center in Beijing. Sample collection by the Tianwen-3 lander, Liu says, would mirror that of China’s Chang’e-5 lunar mission, which, sans rover, drilled and scooped moon rocks that were rocketed back to Earth in December 2020.

One touchdown locale under review is the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a giant impact basin in the midlatitudes of Mars’s northern hemisphere that China’s Zhurong rover already scouted in 2021 and 2022. (NASA’s Viking 2 lander also touched down in Utopia Planitia in 1976.) "It seems clear to me that a significant part of the geological history of Mars will be included in samples returned from this area," Head says.

In the event that China’s Mars samples are the first — or only — to arrive back on Earth, finding a way for U.S. researchers to share in those data would be ideal, Head says. Federal law presently limits NASA’s collaborations with China, but the space agency’s recent approval of efforts by NASA-funded investigators to participate in studies of Chang’e-5’s lunar samples is a very positive sign, he says. "We all hope that NASA will be able to extend this in the future to the upcoming Chang’e-6 farside lunar samples and to any future Chinese Mars returned samples."

Of course the most ideal scenario of all, envisioned by Head and his fellow Mars-focused peers, would be for NASA to ensure that its homegrown MSR project comes to fruition. The choice to move forward, he says, represents a "momentous decision point" for the space agency — and the nation.

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This Man From US Army Claims 57 Alien Species Similar To Humans Are Walking Among People

sergeant Clifford Stone alien catalog

This Man From US Army Claims 57 Alien Species Similar To Humans Are Walking Among People

In the world of UFO research, the name of retired Army sergeant Clifford Stone is nearly a legend. Stone claimed to have been serving for 22 years as a Decorated Vietnam combat veteran. From 1968 to 1990, he was a part of the secret elite group that was assigned to recover the crashed UFO or E.T. parts, alien bodies, and artifacts. Besides, he said that intelligent life had been visiting our planet in highly advanced crafts that are capable of covering many light-years in less time which is beyond modern human knowledge.

Initially, he was assigned to the NBC Team (nuclear, biological, and chemical retrieval and abatement detail) at Fort McClellan Army post in Alabama and did some regular assignments until he was called for retrieval duties. He was reportedly out for a week when the army required him for UFO retrievals. What is more, his army service record was manipulated and excluded all his UFO recovery activities, showing him as a typist.

To support his claims, Stone cleverly disclosed the existence of classified projects such as Moon Dust and Blue Fly, that had been created to hide the UFOs’ debris by using Freedom of Information Acts.

sergeant Clifford Stone alien cataloge Clifford Earl Stone January 2, 1949 ~ February 10, 2021 (age 72). Image credit: Ballard Funeral Home & Crematory

For example, in reviewing an Air Force Intelligence letter known as the Betz memo (1961), Sgt. Stone was able to reveal to the general public evidence that Project Moon Dust involved a “potential for employment of qualified field intelligence personnel on a quick reaction basis to recover or perform field exploitation of unidentified flying objects.” (Source)

Stone’s catalogs in UFOs are real documents he had been able to retrieve by FOIA even during his years of military service. Consequently, Stone’s pioneering documentary research into UFO crash retrievals is strong support for his testimony of actually having served on such teams during his military service.

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Stone claimed in his old interviews that during his military service, he was monitored by an individual whose rank he was never told but whom he called “Colonel.” The colonel was present at UFO crash retrieval locations and led debriefing sessions of Stone. He noted that the colonel allowed him to read a three-inch thick notebook manual that contained information on 57 types of extraterrestrial biological entities (EBEs) known to the military.

He said that many species looked like humans, but their eyes were slightly larger and had black iris. According to him, extraterrestrial species contacted only through telepathy and could even read minds.

In 1973, Stone was involved in the retrieval of a crashed UFO. He hid a small metallic piece of UFO in his shoe and buried it near his property in New Mexico, Nevada, after his retirement in 1989.

He said: “Yes, I have it and wouldn’t dare to keep it in the house. I had it here to show some people where I kept it, a day longer than I should have and then somebody actually came here and tried to take it. That was some tense moments, I almost shot somebody that day.”

On May 9, 2001, over twenty military, intelligence, government, corporate and scientific witnesses came forward at the National Press Club in Washington, DC to establish the reality of UFOs or extraterrestrial vehicles, extraterrestrial life forms, and the resulting advanced energy and propulsion technologies. As part of the Disclosure Project, Sgt. Stone publicly revealed his story and was willing to testify before Congress if they asked him.

Below is the transcript of Sgt. Stone’s part in the Disclosure Program (Full Video link here):

“Morning ladies and gentlemen, my name is Clifford Stone, I was a sergeant first class United States Army. I had a secret clearance with nuclear surety. I could get the clearance that I needed to do whatever it was necessary for me to do at the time on special operations when I was called in on those.

What I’m referring to here is that I was involved in situations where we actually did recoveries of crashed saucers. There were bodies involved with some of these crashes and also some were alive. While we were doing all this, we were telling the American public there was nothing to it. We were telling the world there was nothing to it.

I’d like to go into detail on some of the cases about the nuts and bolts cases right here. But I will be available if you have any questions concerning my involvement in this, you can talk to Dr. Greer to arrange for me to get to talk to you. But the whole situation is, we have setback, we’ve told the American people that there’s no such thing as UFOs. I’ve been involved where we have recovered these objects, we know them to be of extraterrestrials.

In 1969, I had an event that happened to me while I was stationed at Fort Lee Virginia. We went to Indiantown Gap Pennsylvania that would be my first exposure to any time that we would be recovering an unidentified flying object. When we went there, we already had people that were in the facility with a backup team which was supposed to be NBC because there were supposed to be some nuclear materials that were on board this craft.

Later on, most people involved were told that there was nothing on board. It was nothing more than to crash at one of our aircraft. I know better because I was one of the people that approached it with a Geiger counter to get surface readings. I was the first person to go ahead and see that there were bodies on it that would be the first of approximately 12 events.

UFO crashes are not events that take place every day. They’re rare. I know we’re not alone in the universe. I know that the absence of evidence is not evidence of absence, it’s evidence that has been denied to the American people. I stand before you today and my Almighty God, and I tell you this: if the Congress calls me in and says: ‘Will you testify in detail what you know?’ I stand here today prepared and ready to do just that, governments must never lie to the people for no reason. Thank you.”

National Press Club Event: Unlocking Hidden Tech to Save Our Future | Dr. Steven Greer

Italo-American photojournalist and UFO researcher Paola Harris wrote in her book, “Eyes Only: The Story of Clifford Stone and UFO Crash Retrievals” about his childhood E.T. friend named Korona, who looked like a human and was with Stone to understand human emotions. (Source)

Further, she talked about Stone’s alien encounter in Vietnam, where he helped aliens to escape from military custody, as he cared for the rights of extraterrestrials who visit Earth.

Sgt. Clifford Stone claimed that he had been good at communicating with the ETs found at the crash sites or in an encounter with his military team. Once, his team fired a bullet at an ET, but they deflected it with some advanced technology. He also mentioned the teleport techniques of ETs when he found himself hundreds of feet from his initial position.

Stone also claimed that there are many alien groups that visit our solar system and Earth as well, but when humans learned how to detect their crafts, they limited their visits but did not stop.

He had no intention to benefit from his claims and evidence and no desire to gain publicity. His only desire was to let the US citizens know the truth about the UFOs and extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), that these are interplanetary spacecraft. Sgt. Clifford Stone, aged 72, passed away peacefully at his home on February 10, 2021.

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'Prophet' who predicted assassination attempt on Trump claims mega earthquake is poised to hit US

'Prophet' who predicted assassination attempt on Trump claims mega earthquake is poised to hit US

A Christian 'prophet' who predicted the assassination attempt on Donald Trump three months prior to his near-miss in Pennsylvania has an alarming new prediction.

Brandon Dale Biggs, an Oklahoma pastor, claims God showed him another vision that would rock the heart of America this spring.

He said he saw a '10-magnitude' earthquake hit the New Madrid fault line, which stretches through Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Illinois.

He explained the major earthquake that hits New Madrid would create a 'chain reaction,' causing 'a 6.5 [magnitude] aftershock that impact Texarkana, Texas to Oklahoma.

'It was so big, there were 1,800 people who died [along that stretch],' Biggs said in the video. All the houses on cinder blocks were completely shaken to the foundation, they just fell.'

He claimed the Lord told him that the New Madrid earthquake would hit three days after 'they try to divide Jerusalem with the two-state solution,' which is a proposed approach to resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in the Middle East.

Briggs' visions suggested that the earthquake would happen in the spring as he saw 'Sycamore leaves on the trees...trying to come out.. like they were fresh.' 

Biggs shared his eerie prediction in a video posted posted April 2024 — three months before the Trump assassination attempt in Butler, Pennsylvania rally on July 13.

Brandon Dale Biggs, an Oklahoma pastor, claims he receives visions from God about future events. He predicted the assassination of Donald Trump three months prior

The 150-mile-long New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) stretches through parts of Missouri , Arkansas , Tennessee , Kentucky and Illinois. A pastor who claims to see visions from God said a major earthquake will hit the area

The 150-mile-long New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) stretches through parts of Missouri , Arkansas , Tennessee , Kentucky and Illinois. A pastor who claims to see visions from God said a major earthquake will hit the area


In that same video, in which he was interviewed by Christian author Steve Cioccolanti, Biggs revealed how he foresaw the attempt on the now president-elect's life.

'This bullet flew by his ear, and it came so close to his head that it busted his eardrum,' he said

Three months later, Matthew Crooks, 20, took several shots at Trump, with one grazing his ear. But the bullet did not burst his eardrum.

Also during the segment, Biggs said he saw red waves in Michigan and Oklahoma during the 2024 Election, which went on to happen in both states.

Now that those predictions have come and passed, portions of the video showing Biggs discussing the major earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) have resurfaced.

'[The] New Madrid earthquake [is] so big [and] when it happens the Mississippi River starts it goes out another direction,' he said.

In 1811 and 1812, the fault line unleashed a trio of powerful jolts - measuring magnitudes 7.5 to 7.7 - that rattled the central Mississippi River Valley.

Biggs shared his visions with pastor and Christian author Steve Cioccolanti, saying how he foresaw the attempt on the now president-elect's life. He said he saw a bullet pass through Trump's ear. The prediction was shared in a video posted in April 2024

Biggs shared his visions with pastor and Christian author Steve Cioccolanti, saying how he foresaw the attempt on the now president-elect's life. He said he saw a bullet pass through Trump's ear. The prediction was shared in a video posted in April 2024

Chimneys fell and boats capsized. Farmland sank and turned into swamps. The death toll is unknown, but experts don't believe there were mass casualties because the region was sparsely populated then. 

Were that to happen today, more than 5,000 people would be killed, but the pastor's '10 magnitude' would possibly see a death toll ranging in the hundreds of thousands to millions, according to experts. 

Experts have also said that there is a 'virtually zero' likelihood of such a major earthquake. 

The strongest earthquake ever recorded was the 1960 Valdivia earthquake in Chile (magnitude 9.5), which occurred in a subduction zone.  

The NMSZ is a mid-continental fault system, not a subduction zone that sits on the coast that is prone to much larger earthquakes.

While a 10 magnitude is not off the table, scientists have speculated it would only be possible long a fault system that is at least 6,200 miles long. 

The NMSZ stretches for 150 miles.

But the scientific data has not caused Biggs to backpedal on his prophecy. 

He told Cioccolanti that he saw Chinook helicopters flying in to bring aid, saying: 'They were flying so low that they were shaking the houses.'

'The Lord told me that when they try to divide Jerusalem with the two-state solution... you will see a three-day window,' said the pastor. 'That the time for people to flee.'

2024: 'Prophet' predicts events in Las Vegas and New Orleans
Biggs released a video two months ago where he saw visions of an attack in New Orleans, which happened on January 1

Biggs released a video two months ago where he saw visions of an attack in New Orleans, which happened on January 1

During the same vision, Biggs said an attack would also happen in Las Vegas. Matthew Livelsberger detonate explosives he packed into a Cybertruck outside the Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas

During the same vision, Biggs said an attack would also happen in Las Vegas. Matthew Livelsberger detonate explosives he packed into a Cybertruck outside the Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas

Scientists have said that the NMSZ is likely to see a major earthquake in the next 50 years, which would be a 6.0 magnitude or higher.

'They were not able to bring in supply trucks from east to west,' Briggs said, noting that was because there were no bridges left standing. 

He added that all aid came by airplanes, but food and medicine. was transported through the Mississippi.

'it was so bad, I remember it lasted for months,' said Briggs.

While the prediction was made last year, the pastor shared another vision in October that appeared to also come true. 

'I just seen a glimpse of Vegas,' he said in the video with his eyes closed.

'Oh, these are are these all on the same day. I pray over Las Vegas.

'It is interesting, I now just seen a glimpse of New Orleans Bourbon Street, it it is an attack simultaneously.

On January 1, at 3:15am CST, Shamsud-Din Jabbar drove a pickup truck into a crowd on Bourbon Street in New Orleans.

And about five hours later,  Matthew Livelsberger detonated explosives he packed into a Cybertruck outside the Trump International Hotel in Las Vegas.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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NASCAR legend recalls near-death experience after a UFO came within inches of crashing into his plane

NASCAR legend recalls near-death experience after a UFO came within inches of crashing into his plane

NASCAR legend Mark Martin recently recalled the time he claims to have seen a UFO while flying home from a race.

Martin was flying his plane home to Florida from an East Coast race in the late 1990s when the incident occurred.

Martin was inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame in 2017 and is often described as the best race car driver to never win a championship. And now, maybe the best racecar driver to have a UFO sighting.

'We were coming home, just me and my pilot in my jet. We were coming back from one of the northeast races... We fly at 45,000 feet, but going over Jacksonville going home to Daytona where I lived, you know, they would bring you down to 18,000 feet or so,' Martin told Garage Guy Chase. 

'We were descending. For some reason, a lot of times after the race I would get in the back and let my - was a single pilot aircraft so I’d let my pilot fly me home and I’d sit back there and rehash the race or something or just relax. But this particular time, and I did it from time to time, I wanted to fly... and there’s no stars out.'

'So, it’s black. Everything except the lights in Daytona, Orlando, and you know, Miami. You can see the lights down at Miami even. And I see a light that is solid white light, looks solid light that’s not flashing, and that could only be like a landing light is the only thing that would make sense would be a spotlight looking light like that, and it would have to be far away because I couldn’t see the green and red-wing tip lights. Because they got a green one and a red one and the red one is on the right. That way you know if a plane’s coming toward you or going away... Didn’t see any of that.'

NASCAR legend Mark Martin recalled the time he claims to have seen a UFO in the late 1990s

NASCAR legend Mark Martin recalled the time he claims to have seen a UFO in the late 1990s

Martin is often described as the best racecar driver to never win a season championship

Martin is often described as the best racecar driver to never win a season championship


'So, I keep it in my eye, I keep checking up there and checking up there and it gets closer and closer, I didn’t say anything to (pilot) Jason (Simpson) I’m just flying along. Finally, I just start, I fixate on it. Plane’s on autopilot… and so I’m fixated on it and it gets closer and closer and closer and then it gets like, "Oh my God, we’re going to hit that!"'

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'And I grabbed the yolk and kicked it off autopilot and was getting ready to jerk the plane to the right and Jason was like, "What?" And I said, "Look!" And when he looked, he pulled out a camera, he had a camera on him, and he pulled out a camera and put it up there in the windshield and tried to take a picture because he saw it! We both saw this and almost, we thought we were going to hit it. Then it starts pulling away, gradually pulling away, slowly pulling away.'

Martin also said when air traffic control was contacted about the sighting, they told Martin he was flying the only aircraft in that general airspace. 

Martin surely would not have made up his adventure to talk about it so publicly. His story is not the first to have seen a UFO over the years. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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