What Would Happen If Comet Swift-Tuttle Hit the Earth?

The Perseid meteor shower.

Credit: SKY2015 | Shutterstock.com

Shooting stars may fill you with child-like wonder, but these celestial showstoppers are also reminders that Earth is hardly alone in space, and some of those cosmic objects can be downright dangerous.

The Perseid meteor shower, which appears every year in mid-August, occurs when Earth passes through a trail of debris left by Comet Swift-Tuttle. In 1973, based on calculations about the object's orbit using limited observations, astronomer Brian Marsden at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics predicted that Comet Swift-Tuttle could collide with Earth in 2126. The catastrophic prediction was later retracted, but what would happen if Comet Swift-Tuttle smacked into our planet?

"We have to be clear that it's not going to happen," Donald Yeomans, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and author of "Near-Earth Objects: Finding Them Before They Find Us" (Princeton University Press, 2012), told Live Science. [Perseid Meteor Shower 2016: When, Where & How to See It]

When Swift-Tuttle was last seen in 1992, Yeomans was among those who produced revised models for the comet's motion, making the complicated calculations to account for the gravitational effects of the sun and planets on the space rock's orbit. The 1992 sighting, along with data from 1862 and 1737, provided astronomers with enough information to rule out the possibility of a collision in 2126.

Even still, Comet Swift-Tuttle isn't just another space rock.

Universe Sandbox 2 - Swift Tuttle comet hitting Earth and Perseid shower

https://youtu.be/ga0jB0ZselQ

What would happen if the Moon hit Earth? | Universe Sandbox 2 Simulation

https://youtu.be/yzAIkYJhZZQ

Discovery Channel - Large Asteroid Impact Simulation

https://youtu.be/bU1QPtOZQZU

Comet Swift-Tuttle is "certainly one of the largest" objects that crosses paths with the Earth, Yeomans said. The cosmic object measures about 16 miles (26 kilometers) across, and when it passes close to the Earth, roughly every 130 years, it's hurtling through space at about 36 miles per second (58 km/s), or more than 150 times the speed of sound.

If the comet were to strike the planet, the impact energy would be about 300 times that of the asteroid collision that was thought to have caused the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction that killed the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago, according to Yeomans. "It would be a very bad day for Earth," he said.

But the size of a comet or asteroid isn't the only thing to consider with cosmic collisions, said Gerta Keller, a geoscientist at Princeton University.

A comet strike on land or in shallow seas would be "rather destructive" regionally, but the real damage would likely come from gases put into the stratosphere, the part of Earth's atmosphere where the ozone layer is located, Keller told Live Science. Sulfur dioxide would initially cause cooling, and then carbon dioxide would lead to long-term warming, she added. An event like this would likely cause the planet's climate to change drastically, leading to mass extinctions around the globe. [Crash! 10 Biggest Impact Craters on Earth]

But Keller also pointed out that most of Earth's surface is covered in ocean. An impact in the deep ocean could trigger earthquakes and tsunamis, but based on what scientists know about the effects ofunderwater volcanic eruptions, the atmospheric effects likely would be mitigated by the ocean, she said. In this case, Keller said it's unlikely that a comet colliding with Earth would cause mass extinctions.

Scientists calculate that Swift-Tuttle's next approach to Earth will be on Aug. 5, 2126, when it will come within about 14 million miles, or 23 million km, or about 60 times the distance from Earth to the moon, Yeomans said. Current models don't expect the comet to ever get any closer than about 80,000 miles (130,000 km) to Earth's orbit, but as time passes, those predictions become less and less certain. So although Yeomans is sure that Earth faces no threat in 2126, he said 10,000 years from now, "you can't rule out the possibility, but it would seem to be very unlikely."

Part of that slim uncertainty is due to small influences on the comet that change its orbit ever so slightly each time it swings around the sun. For example, as comets pass near the sun and heat up, expanding gases act like jet thrusters, slightly altering the trajectory. For Swift-Tuttle, that effect is very small, likely due to the comet's tremendous mass, Yeomans said. But over thousands of years, these minute, unpredictable effects make it more difficult to predict the orbit of cosmic objects.

And there are plenty of other objects out there to be aware of, Yeomans said. "We have a long, long list of asteroids for which we haven't completely ruled out a collision, but the impact probabilities are so small that it's not really worth worrying about," he said.

Original article on Live Science.

{ http://www.livescience.com/ }

Ancient Logbook Documenting Great Pyramid's Construction Unveiled

Here, one of the papyri in the ancient logbook, which documented the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

Credit: Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities

A logbook that contains records detailing the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza has been put on public display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

The Great Pyramid of Giza was built in honor of the pharaoh Khufu (reign ca. 2551 B.C.-2528 B.C.) and is the largest of the three pyramids constructed on the Giza plateau in Egypt. Considered a "wonder of the world" by ancient writers, the Great Pyramid was 481 feet (146 meters) tallwhen it was first constructed. Today it stands 455 feet (138 meters) high.

The logbook was written in hieroglyphic letters on pieces of papyri. Its author was an inspector named Merer, who was "in charge of a team of about 200 men," archaeologists Pierre Tallet and Gregory Marouard wrote in an article published in 2014 in the journal Near Eastern Archaeology. [In Photos: Inside Egypt's Great Pyramids]

Tallet and Marouard are leaders of an archaeological team from France and Egypt that discovered the logbook at the Red Sea harbor of Wadi al-Jarfin 2013. It dates back about 4,500 years, making it the oldest papyrus document ever discovered in Egypt.

"Over a period of several months, [the logbook] reports — in [the] form of a timetable with two columns per day — many operations related to the construction of the Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza and the work at the limestone quarries on the opposite bank of the Nile," Tallet and Marouard wrote.

Merer recorded the logs in the 27th year of Khufu's reign. His records say that the Great Pyramid was near completion, with much of the remaining work focusing on the construction of the limestone casing that covered the outside of the pyramid, Tallet and Marouard wrote.

The limestone used in this casing, according to the logbook, was quarried at Tura near modern-day Cairo, and was brought to the pyramid site by boat along the Nile River and a system of canals. One boat trip between Tura and the pyramid site took four days to complete, the logbook notes.

The logbook also says that in Khufu's 27th year, the construction of the Great Pyramid was being overseen by the vizier Ankhaf (also spelled Ankhhaf), the half- brother of Khufu. (A vizier was a high official in ancient Egypt who served the king.)

The papyri also reveal that one of the titles Ankhaf held was "chief for all the works of the king," Tallet and Marouard wrote in the journal article.

Though the logbook said Ankhaf was in charge during the pharaoh's 27th year, many scholars believe it's possible that another person, possibly the vizier Hemiunu, was in charge of pyramid building during the earlier part of Khufu's reign.

In the press release museum representatives did not specify how long the logbook will be on public display.

Original article on Live Science.

Editor's Recommendations

• Image Gallery: Glitzy Discovery at Giza Pyramids
• Photos: Amazing Discoveries at Egypt's Giza Pyramids
• Why Is the Great Pyramid So Sloppy?

{ http://www.livescience.com/ }

Why UFO sightings spike like crazy in the summer

Summertime is about relaxation, barbecues, and warm weather.

And, apparently, UFOs.

In a series of memos dated all the way to the late 1940s, top CIA officials detail their mounting concern over extraterrestrial life descending upon us. One strange trend quickly emerged to those officials, and one that has remained constant in the 67 years since. Today, as they did in 1949, UFO sightings spike in the summer.

There are several theories about why this happens.

A CIA memo from 1949 captures the agency’s growing concern over UFO activity. CIA

Cassidy Nicholas is the chief archivist for the Mutual UFO Network, or MUFON, an organization started in 1969 that looks into reported UFO sightings. She is perhaps the foremost expert on UFO sightings data, having handled thousands of investigations within the last several years.

Nicholas passed the MUFON data along to Tech Insider, which include sightings since 1960.

The trend is hard to notice at first, mostly because there only a few dozen reports each month for most of the 20th century. But between May and August the numbers do tend to climb.

It’s a trend that has gotten even easier to spot within the last decade, as more people have heard of MUFON and reported their UFO sightings.

Nicholas’ go-to explanation for this summer spike is pretty straightforward.

“[People] are noticing the weather, hiking, camping, doing outside activities,” she tells Tech Insider. “And there seems to be an increase in live events” like concerts, fireworks, and other community gatherings.

In other words, people are simply outside more in the summer, rather than hunched over their phones.

Other possible reasons include blockbuster movies and UFO-related TV shows released during the summer months. This could prime people to label a radio tower or a remote-controlled drone a UFO.

Source www.techinsider.io

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

9 of the most surreal UFO documents from the CIA archive

Summer is officially here, which means UFO sightings are bound to spike until late September, as they have for roughly the last 65 years.

In honor of the summer ritual, Tech Insider dug through the mountain of CIA documents related to UFO sightings, which the agency declassified nearly 40 years ago. Many of the sighting reports date back to the early 1950s, at a time when political tensions were high and flying objects were seen as national security threats.

Here are some of the most interesting.

1. A memo on national security and the ‘vulnerability to air attack’ from flying saucers

CIA

On October 2, 1952, the Assistant Director in the Office of Scientific Intelligence sent a memo to the Director of the entire CIA with the subject “Flying Saucers.”

As the AD wrote, “‘Flying saucers’ pose two elements of danger which have national security implications. The first involves mass psychological considerations and the second concerns the vulnerability of the United States to air attack.”

The AD recommended more research be conducted to explore the “implications of the ‘flying saucer’ problem.”

(If you listen closely enough, you can almost hear them typing the word “drones” decades ahead of time.)

2. Uzbekistan’s mysterious light show

CIA

The late 1940s in the Uzbekistan capital city of Tashkent saw more unidentified light shows than it could count.

“From May to September 1947,” a CIA information report reads, “three light phenomena happening at intervals of about 15 minutes were seen almost every night between 9 and 10 p.m. local time.” At its highest point, the light seemed to be roughly a fifth the diameter of a full moon.

As the report details, the light always began as a bright red ball. Within seconds it would grow a fiery tail and then morph into a green, then white, mass.

“Smoke trails, noises, or detonations were not noticed.”

3. Fiery disks looming over Belgian uranium mines

CIA

A daily newspaper in Vienna, of all publications, reported on a peculiar sighting of “two fiery disks” hovering over uranium mines in mid-August, 1952.

As the report explains, the two objects supposedly tore through the airspace in a highly erratic fashion. At one point they would be soaring vertically away from the onlookers, and the next they’d be diving down “to within 20 meters of the tree tops.”

Commander Pierre of the local airfield took off in his own fighter plane to wrangle the unknown aircraft. However, “Pierre had to give up pursuit after 15 minutes since both disks, with a loud whistling sound which he heard despite the noise of his own plane, disappeared in a straight line toward Lake Tanganyika.”

Pierre later estimated the disks were traveling more than 900 miles per hour.

4. The CIA begins to have its doubts about UFOs

CIA

With all these reports coming in, it didn’t take long for the CIA to get suspicious. In August 1952 (keep in mind, still two months ahead of its memo on those two national security concerns), the Deputy Assistant Director of the Scientific Intelligence officereleased a memodiscounting the threat posed by UFOs.

“Of 1000 to 2000 such reports received by ATIC (Air Technical Intelligence Center), a large percentage are clearly ‘phoney,'” the report reads. In fact, many of the reported flights were easily explained as known missions using US equipment, the report went on.

Owing to the agency’s uncertainty, however, the Deputy AD recommended CIA surveillance continue on the mysterious “flying saucers” under the cover of darkness.

“It is strongly urged … that no indication of CIA interest or concern reach the press or public,” the report read, “in view of their probable alarmist tendencies to accept such interest as ‘confirmatory’ of the soundness of ‘unpublished facts’ in the hands of the U.S. government.”

5. Flying objects passing over Casablanca

CIA

In early September 1952, multiple sightings were reported of various UFOs over Casablanca, Morocco. Residents of the town, which was made famous by the 1942 film, saw two flying saucers that were “elongated in shape” and “followed by a trail of white light.”

On a separate occasion in July, two other people reported seeing a “blue-green, ball-shaped object” just before midnight “moving at a high rate of speed.” The mysterious object disappeared after only three or four seconds, however, “as though it had literally melted into the sky.”

The very next morning, another couple observed a mysterious object around 9 a.m. for roughly 30 seconds. Several more accounts, all with differing details, emerged that summer.

6. The East German flying saucers of 1952

CIA

The CIA published this internal document reporting on one German man’s fantastic account of a 45-foot-wide disk he spotted in a forest when his motorcycle broke down.

Accompanied by his 11-year-old daughter, the man approached the strange-looking object to find two men in “shiny metallic clothing” kneeling over the disk, which had a cone-shaped capsule on top.

Once the two men realized they were being watched, the man says, they hopped into the capsule and the disk began to leave the ground. Eventually, it rose high above the trees and took off.

“I had never heard of the term ‘flying saucer’ before I escaped from the Soviet Union into West Berlin,” the man later said. “When I saw this object, I immediately thought it was a new Soviet military machine.”

7. A year later, the unidentified aircraft is spotted in Morocco again…

CIA

On the night of September 2, 1953, residents of a small town southeast of Casablanca known as Oued Zem reported hearing a thunderous noise. The next morning, a pair of shepherds claimed to have seen a flying object that was “lighted in many colors and flying at great speed.”

The sightings followed two other incidents in July and August, one over Greece and another over Spain. Witnesses in Madrid described the UFO as “flying like a jet plane” but emitting a red reflection and creating no noise.

In Drama, Greece, residents said they saw a rocket-shaped object at low altitude, which stayed stationary for three to four minutes before disappearing into the night.

8. Europe can’t agree about what people are seeing in the sky

CIA

In the span of a month between April 15 and May 13, 1954,five separate reports from France and Sweden each described UFOs of a different size and shape.

The first, on April 15, involved an elongated, cone-shaped object with two red and green lights at its base. It flew at a high altitude.

The next, on April 26, was a “cigar-shaped object” observed by a group of people walking through France’s Sare region, near the Pyrenees border. The object was traveling at a high altitude — roughly 6,500 feet, the observers claimed — and heading toward Spain.

The final event took place the morning of May 13, in Sweden. Three people separately reported seeing a “brilliant, silver-colored sphere with a tail.”

9. Three Norwegian guys walk into a forest…

CIA

In mid-November 1952, three men working in a forest in Kirkenes, Norway spotted a flat, round object just hovering roughly 1,500 feet in the air.

“The object appeared to have a diameter of 15-20 meters (50-65 feet),” the CIA report stated. “After the workers had observed the object for a while, it suddenly flew away at great speed in a northwesternly direction.”

They were the only people who reported seeing the object, unfortunately for them. “They swear, however, that their report is true.”

Source www.techinsider.io

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

The Most Mysterious Star in the Galaxy

The object known unofficially as Tabby’s Star dims every so often in a chaotic pattern—and nobody knows why.

Late last year, the PlanetHunters group of citizen-scientists found a perfectly ordinary star behaving very weirdly—fading in brightness every so often, by very different amounts, in a chaotic pattern. In a skillful paper, Tabatha (“Tabby”) Boyajian at Yale pointed out the horrible dilemma posed by the star, which is tucked up under the western wing of Cygnus the Swan. So instead of calling it by its forgettable catalog name, KIC 8462852, everyone now refers to it as Tabby’s Star. (Tabby herself tried to give the star the nickname “WTF Star,” as an acronym for “Where’s The Flux?” The more common usage of “WTF” is also appropriate.) She’s even done a TED talk about it.

I first heard about Tabby’s Star when a smirking colleague came in to the lunchroom and passed around some of Tabby’s plots. All I could do was look perplexed and open-mouthed. Between the astro-professors in the room, we had incredibly wide and deep experience, and none of us had ever seen anything even vaguely like this.

Tabby’s basic plot is a light curve, a measure of brightness as a function of time. Her 4-year light curve came from NASA’s Kepler spacecraft, already legendary for the accuracy and reliability of its light curves. The Kepler plot was basically flat, meaning that the star had a constant brightness, aside from a miniscule periodic modulation as typical of rotating stars that have starspots.

The kicker was that Tabby’s Star shows occasional dips in the light curve, and these are unlike anything ever seen. That is, the star’s brightness faded by a bit for, typically, one day at a time. About ten times, the star faded by 0.2 percent to 8 percent. Twice the dips dimmed the star by 16 percent and 21 percent. The basic dips had a duration of 1-3 days or so, but there is structure in the light curve up to ~100 days long. The dips are not periodic.

Now, Tabby’s star is otherwise a common F3 main-sequence star. That is a bit hotter (6750°K) than our Sun (5800°K), and a bit larger (1.58 times larger than our Sun). The spectrum shows no emission lines, and only the ordinary expected absorption lines. Tabby’s Star has no nearby binary companion that we can detect. This is just a plain normal everyday star. Except for the dips…

Astronomers understand big flaming balls of gases very well, and there is very high confidence that lone F3 main-sequence stars cannot have variations of more than 0.01 percent on any time scale shorter than millions of years. (Well, except for superflares, which these are not.) Further, the light curve dips are not modulated by the known stellar rotation. So the dips aren’t from the underlying star.

This forces us into thinking that they could only be due to something passing across the line of sight, blocking the background starlight (the technical term is “occulting”). After all, the PlanetHunters were explicitly looking for exactly this case, where some orbiting planet occults the star as it passes in front (the term for that is “transits”). But planet transits are always very small in amplitude (less than about one percent or so) and periodic. Whatever it is that is randomly passing in front of Tabby’s Star is not a planet.

The deepest dip dims the star by 21 percent, so whatever was covering up the starlight must have been covering at least 21 percent of the star’s area. This implies that the body, or cloud, or structure must have just under half the radius of the star—which makes it 70 percent the size of our Sun. Whatever it is, it might be solid (like a planet), gaseous (like a star or a gas cloud), or something like a cloud of dust.

The trouble is that any such idea requires that all of these things should be emitting large amounts of infrared light. It should be bright enough to be readily seen above the normal expected infrared light from the primary star. In astro-jargon, Tabby’s Star does not have any excess of infrared light.

So what is blocking out the light from Tabby’s Star? Well, an astronomer’s kneejerk reaction is to try to concoct some model that might explain the observations. We’ve all been tossing out ideas. The trouble is that our ideas founder on the lack of infrared excess. We can imagine accretion disks with flaring edges, or complex multiple star systems with improbable orbits, or vast streams of super-giant comets, or dusty asteroid-asteroid collisions. But all of these require an infrared excess. This includes the suggestion that the dips in brightness might be caused by some partially-constructed artificial “Dyson Sphere” built by a very advanced civilization around the star. But any hypothetical large-scale structures around the star must also emit a lot of light in the infrared, since they must radiate away the huge influx of energy that they intercept from the primary star. The laws of thermodynamics apply to them too

So the remaining viable models are now down to … none. Astronomers have no reasonable idea as to how to explain the dips in Tabby’s Star. But we know the dips are real because of the extraordinary accuracy and reliability of the Kepler spacecraft. So we have a mystery. And I have thought long, and I cannot come up with any other star more mysterious than Tabby’s Star.

When confronted with such an anomaly in very-well-established theory (that F3 main-sequence stars should not have such dips), the possibility arises that we are seeing the first example of some entirely new and unexpected phenomenon. And this is always exciting to astronomers. Who knows what startling wonders are being pointed at by Tabby’s Star?

So how to proceed? Well, looking at the star when there isn’t a dip going on is unlikely to tell us anything more than the background information that we’ve already worked out. So the only way to advance is to catch Tabby’s Star in the middle of a dip.

What I’d most like to see is a good spectrum of Tabby’s Star at mid-dip. The starlight, spread out into fine gradations of color, should tell us about the nature of whatever is producing the occultations. If the occulter is some sort of a dusty cloud, then the dimming will be greatest for blue light and least for red light, with the relative dimming across the colors being in a known and characteristic pattern. If this dust cloud has gas mixed in, then we should also see characteristic absorption lines at known colors, giving us the composition of the gas, and revealing the origin and nature of the cloud. If the light-blocker is solid, then all of the colors will dim by exactly the same amount. And we might even see some emission lines if there is some sort of stellar activity on the primary star. So all it takes is one good spectrum during a dip, and we’ll know the nature of the occulter.

There is a real practical problem here, however as Tabby’s Star has been in dip for only a total of a few weeks out of the four years of observations by Kepler. The dips are chaotic in time, so we cannot predict when any upcoming dip will happen. So the only way to get a spectrum during a dip is to have nearly continuous monitoring of the star’s brightness— and, when it starts to go into a dip, send out a worldwide alert. With such an alert, some observatory somewhere will be able to get a good spectrum within a day or so.

So this problem reduces to monitoring Tabby’s Star continuously, at nearly the hour-by-hour level, until it goes into another dip. That program takes a huge amount of telescope time. This is now only realistic for robotic telescopes spread out around the northern hemisphere.

Fortunately, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope(LCOGT) network is perfect for the case. LCOGT has wonderful robotic telescopes at four sites in the northern hemisphere (two sites near their headquarters in Santa Barbara California, one on Haleakala in Hawaii, one on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, and one at McDonald Observatory in Texas). With this kind of coverage, Tabby’s Star can be monitored near 24/7 for most of the year.

But it takes money to purchase time on LCOGT. Such a monitoring project does not fit in well with the usual program capabilities of the science support coming from NASA or the National Science Foundation. Government funding has been what has been driving the excellence in American science for many decades. But monitoring Tabby’s Star is a risky proposal, with no guaranteed return, because maybe there won’t be any dips for a long time to come.

So, being a modern person, Tabby has sought alternative, modern funding sources. This has led her to start a Kickstarter campaign. The idea is to crowd-fund the LCOGT monitoring program. She is seeking $100,000 before June 17. (I won’t benefit personally from any contributions, since they won’t fund any of my own research.)

If you want to help solve the mystery of Tabby’s Star. I urge you to consider helping with the Kickstarter program. I’ve already contributed.

Source blogs.scientificamerican.com

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

Dit ruimteschip kan ons in minder dan 10 jaar naar de rand van het zonnestelsel brengen

Mysterieuze dreunen in Amerikaans stadje leiden tot theorieën over aliens

Crop Circles 2016 - Burderop Down, Nr Barbury Castle, Wiltshire, UK - 19th July 2016, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: July 19, 2016
Location of discovery: Wiltshire, UK

Another crop formation was seen in Wiltshire this week. Its seems more man made and less mysterious than most. Also it looks like it some letters from the alphabet in it. This probably isn't alien made. And add that to the fact that more crop circles come out of Wiltshire in one year, that from any four countries in the world added up. It seems someone with too much time on their hands are making the Wiltshire formations. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com  

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

125km Alien City Discovered Under Gulf of California, Google Map, July 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News

Date of discovery: July 2016

Location of discovery: Gulf of California, Mexico

Coordinates:  26°38'29.03"N 110°27'0.85"W

  

This is an amazingly large underwater base in the Gulf of California. It measures over 125 km long (76 miles). The long tubular structures measure 2.4 miles wide (4km). This base is huge and its no wonder why we hear about so many UFO sightings over Mexico. This base is just 45 miles away from the Mexican coast! The chances of this being a intelligently made structure...I put that at 100%. This needs exploring with some RC sub drones. I'm sure anyone could make one or buy one, but making one would be cheaper. This has to be explored guys...it just has to be. It so close, so accessible that it must be investigated closer. Maybe the Discovery channel, History Channel, or Natural Geographic would fund such a mission to make a show. 

Scott C. Waring

www.ufosightingsdaily.com

This is a cube below...its located near the long structure and is diamond shaped. 

{  http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Parachutes, Sky Cranes and More: 5 Ways to Land On Mars

Artist's illustration of NASA's Mars rover Curiosity touching down via the help of a rocket-powered sky crane.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Landing on Mars — as NASA's Viking 1 spacecraft did 40 years ago, on July 20, 1976 — is a complex affair.

For example, the Red Planet is so far away that any landing sequences cannot be controlled in real time from Earth. Touchdowns must therefore occur automatically, requiring spacecraft to have a smart computer on board.

Spacecraft have also gotten heavier and heavier over the years, forcing engineers to come up with new ways to get the precious science cargo down through the thin Martian atmosphere. [The Best (And Worst) Mars Landings in History]

Here's a look at five methods engineers have used for landing spacecraft on Mars over the years:

1. Parachutes, thrusters and 'displacement bags'

The first spacecraft to reach the Red Planet was Mars 2, but it didn't survive the landing. The Soviet probe hit the surface of Mars hard on Nov. 27, 1971 and did not respond to repeated attempts to hail it.

A follow-up mission with the same design, Mars 3, landed successfully on Dec. 2, 1971. Mars 3 sent a signal from the surface, but communications halted abruptly and nobody heard from it again.

The Mars 2 and Mars 3 landers both separated from their orbiting spacecraft at about 28,580 miles (46,000 kilometers) from Mars, according to V.G. Perminov's "The Difficult Road to Mars: A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union," which is available on the NASA website.

After entering the Martian atmosphere, the landers deployed an auxiliary parachute to slow down, then employed a main parachute. The design called for a soft-landing engine to be turned on at 52 feet to 98 feet (16 to 30 meters) above the Martian surface.

The landers would then be severed from the parachute when their descent speed dropped below 14 mph (23 km/h). The landers were supposed to hit the surface at less than 27 mph (43 km/h); a "displacement bag" beneath them would absorb some of the shock. The aeroshell cover over the landers would be jettisoned after hitting the surface using compressed air inside the displacement bag.

Sky Crane

https://youtu.be/p1WX0CATyn8

2. Parachutes and retro-rockets

Viking 1 was the first NASA craft to make it to the surface of Mars, and its sister Viking 2 followed suit 6 weeks later, on Sept. 3, 1976. The Viking landers both launched with an orbiter. These spacecraft were very successful, transmitting a variety of data back to Earth until the Viking 1 lander died in November 1982.

The design for Viking 1 and 2 called for the landers to separate from their orbiter mates. About 4 miles (6 km) above the surface, the Vikings deployed a parachute and jettisoned their protective aeroshells.

Each spacecraft jettisoned the chute, then fired up onboard retro-rockets at an altitude of about 5,000 feet (1,500 m). The rockets slowed the landers down and made sure they were facing in the right direction. Each landing happened at a speed of about 4.5 mph (7 km/h). [Viking 1: The Historic First Mars Landing in Pictures]

Powered rocket landings were also used for NASA's (unsuccessful) Mars Polar Lander mission in 1999, and the agency's Phoenix polar lander in 2008.

In June 1995, NASA engineers tested multi-lobed air bags designed to protect the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft during its Red Planet landing.

Credit: NASA

3. Parachutes, retro-rockets and airbags

The airbag landing method has been used for multiple Mars missions, mostly by NASA. Below is a sample sequence from the Mars Exploration Rover (Spirit and Opportunity) mission design, as described by NASA. This technique was sometimes referred to as "six minutes of terror."

After cruising to Mars in a protective shield, the rover separated to head to the surface. It entered the Martian atmosphere and deployed its parachute four minutes later, when it was 30,000 feet (9,100 m) above the surface and travelling at 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h).

Next, the craft jettisoned its heat shield, and the lander separated from the back shell, while still attached to the back shell (and parachute) with a tether. At about 8,000 feet (2,400 m) above the surface, the landing system calculated when to fire retro-rockets to almost stop the descent. Next, airbags would inflate to cushion the spacecraft.

At about 40 feet (12 m) above the surface, the landing speed would be nearly zero. The airbag-shrouded lander was then cut from the back shell and parachute to bounce on the surface, until it rolled to a stop.

Airbags were first pioneered with NASA's Pathfinder mission, which landed on Mars with its rover Sojourner in 1996. The method was so successful that it was used for the Spirit and Opportunity rovers, which landed on Mars in 2004. Spirit died in a sand trap in 2010, while Opportunity is still operating today. Opportunity has traveled farther than any other vehicle on the surface of another world, racking up more than a marathon's worth of miles on its odometer.

Airbags were also used for the European Space Agency's Beagle 2 lander, which touched down in December 2003 but did not return any science data from the surface, and Russia's Mars 96 mission, which failed during its 1996 launch.

Curiosity Rover's Peculiar Mars Landing Described

https://youtu.be/a_Ljhhtka6c

4. Parachute and rocket-powered sky crane

NASA had to devise a new landing method for its car-size Curiosity rover, which weighed 1 ton here on Earth — far more than any previous Red Planet surface craft. So agency engineers came up with the "sky crane" strategy, also known as "seven minutes of terror."

Like Martian landers before it, Curiosity used a parachute to slow down its descent after hitting the Martian atmosphere. The parachute was about 10 percent larger than Spirit and Opportunity's parachutes, because Curiosity is so much heavier.

After the parachute slowed Curiosity down, the rocket-powered descent stage (sky crane) separated from the backshell. Four engines on the descent stage further slowed the descent while a tether lowered the rover to the ground. When the computer sensed the rover had achieved touchdown, it cut the tether. The sky crane then flew off and crash-landed on the surface a safe distance away.

This incredibly complex maneuver worked perfectly during Curiosity's highly anticipated August 2012 touchdown. So NASA will use a similar design for its upcoming Mars 2020 rover, which should reach the Red Planet's surface in 2021. A brief summary of the sequence is available on the NASA website.

Mars Myths & Misconceptions

No planet is more steeped in myth and misconception than Mars. This quiz will reveal how much you really know about some of the goofiest claims about the red planet.

5. Penetrators

While penetrators haven't been successfully demonstrated on Mars yet, they are a method for smaller and less delicate spacecraft to hit the surface and burrow inside. Penetrators were carried on the Russian Mars 96 mission and NASA's Mars Polar Lander (MPL) mission, neither of which made it safely to the Red Planet's surface.

On MPL, the penetrators were together called Deep Space 2 and nicknamed Scott and Amundsen, after famous explorers of Earth's polar regions.According to NASA, the penetrators were supposed to separate from MPL during the landing sequence and impact the surface at 357 mph to 447 mph (575 to 719 km/h). A protective shell would shatter upon landing, and the probes would burrow up to 3.3 feet (1 m) below the surface. The probes never communicated with NASA, for reasons that remain unknown.

7 MARS Mysteries

https://youtu.be/ZXz3wKeJNSA

Follow Elizabeth Howell @howellspace, or Space.com @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Viking 1: First U.S. Lander on Mars
• Mars Explored: Landers and Rovers Since 1971 (Infographic)
• The Boldest Mars Missions in History

{ http://www.space.com/ }

Claims UFO investigators are being killed by ‘men in black’ after latest ‘mystery death’

EXTRAORDINARY claims have been made that UFO investigators are being killed by so-called men in black have been made after the mysterious death of a 32-year-old newly married alien researcher.

According to father, Uday Tiwari, he was drinking coffee with his wife when there was a loud thud from the bathroom.

They found him unresponsive on the floor and he could not be revived.

Police said a black line was found around his neck, leading to a conclusion of asphyxia.

Another theory was he fell hitting his head and inflicting a fatal wound.

An autopsy is due, with an inquest, also being awaited.

Mr Tiwari senior, did however, reveal that his son told his wife weeks before his death “a negative force was pulling him towards it.”

The grieving dad said: “We don’t believe in ghosts etc, but his death has left us shocked and puzzled.”

His son had founded the Indian Paranormal Society, and took part in regular TV shows.

His list followed that of a special investigative piece on UFOs in Saga magazine in 1971 when author and comic legend Otto Binder chronicled the “suspicious” deaths of 137 UFO investigators in the previous 10 years.

Opinions are split within ufology on the substance of these claims, with only hardcore conspiracy theorists believing secret men in black working for government agencies like the CIA are actually bumping people off.

Nigel Watson, author of the UFO Investigations Manual, said these sorts of claims predated 1971.

He said: “Deaths related to UFOs go right back to when Kenneth Arnold first saw a fleet of UFOs in June 1947 and brought about a worldwide wave of ‘flying saucer’ sightings. A bizarre set of tragic circumstances surrounded the so-called Maury Island case.

“This involved the sighting of six doughnut shaped UFOs by Harold Dahl, that dropped hot slag like material onto his boat, burning his arm and killing his dog in the process. The next day his employer, Fred Lee Crisman, visited Maury Island where he found tons of debris and saw another UFO in the area.”

Kenneth Arnold was called in to investigate the sighting, and feeling out of his depth he invited two Air Force Intelligence agents, Captain Davidson and Lieutenant Brown to help him interview the witnesses.

As they were returning to their base at Hamilton Field, California, the port engine of their B-25 aircraft caught fire and they were killed when he crashed near Kelso, Washington State. 

An anonymous caller to the local newspaper, named the victims before the crash was made public and claimed the aircraft was shot down by a 20mm cannon because it was carrying fragments of a flying saucer.

Two men and a dog had been killed, and Kenneth Arnold was nearly added to the list. When he took off from Tacoma, his engine failed and he had to make a crash landing. 

On checking his aircraft, he found that his fuel valve had been switched off. 

Paul Lance, a reporter for the Tacoma Times, who covered this story, died suddenly two weeks later of meningitis.

Mr Watson added: “Ufologists today now think this was an elaborate hoax that got out of hand, and could have been instigated by a US intelligence agency to discredit Kenneth Arnold’s original sighting.  

“The story gets even more complicated when we consider that Fred Lee Crisman in October 1968 was subpoenaed to go before the Grand Jury in charge of investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy. 

“District Attorney Jim Garrison’s enquiry thought he resembled one of the three tramps arrested near Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas, on the day of the assassination and believed he was a long-standing CIA employee.

“Furthermore, according to UFO conspiracy theory, the CIA killed President Kennedy because he wanted to share UFO secrets with the Soviet Union. 

“In addition, Marilyn Monroe was allegedly murdered because she was speaking too freely about UFOs.

“The night before her death she had spoken to the TV celebrity columnist Dorothy Kilgallen about the Roswell saucer crash of 1947. 

“Kilgallen subsequently died under mysterious circumstances on 8 November 1965. 

“This shows how these various deaths can be woven together to support the idea that the truth about UFOs and alien visitations is being suppressed and discredited.”

Mr Watson said many of these cases could be coincidences or people trying to make something out of nothing. He added: “There are certainly some strange incidents, for example, UFO researcher Philip Schneider’s became increasingly fearful for his personal safety; ‘government vans’ followed him and several attempts were made to run his car off the road. 

“Eventually, his worst fears were confirmed in January 1996. A friend broke into his apartment in Willsonville, Oregon, where his dead body had been rotting for several days. 

“At first, it was thought he had died from a stroke, and then an autopsy found that rubber tubing had been wrapped and knotted around his neck.”

The official verdict was suicide but his former wife, Cynthia, and several friends could not accept this.

He was found with his legs under his bed and his head resting on the seat of his wheelchair – an unusual position for a suicide – and there was blood nearby that did not seem to be Schneider’s. 

His lecture material and UFO writings were missing from the apartment, yet valuables had gone untouched. 

But Mr Watson is not convinced UFO researchers are repeatedly being bumped off.

He added: “Government agencies could be at work but it seems very extreme to murder people, especially over decades, when there are easier ways to discredit UFO researchers. 

“Another theory is that mysterious Men in Black and the aliens themselves are behind these murders to eliminate anyone who gets to close to the truth about their operations.”

Source www.express.co.uk

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

Is there a FIFTH fundamental force? LHC's new particle that doesn't fit with laws of physics could be confirmed within WEEKS

• In December, data suggested a particle six times heavier than Higgs
• It would not be described by Standard Model of particle physics
• More collisions started in April 2016, to collect more data
• Experts expect confirmation or refutation of its existence 'very soon'
• CERN spokesman told MailOnline it is still likely to take weeks 

By ABIGAIL BEALL FOR MAILONLINE

The first signs of a particle heavier than the Higgs boson was seen at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) back in December.

Unexplained by current models, its existence might lead to the discovery of a whole new set of particles and possibly even a fifth fundamental force.

The first results were not enough to confirm the particle exists, but now the new particle could be confirmed within the next few weeks.

Two of the detectors, ATLAS and CMS, were counting particle decays that ended up in two photons, and found a potential new particle. If it turns out to be real, and not a blip, this would be a huge discovery. Two high-energy photons whose energy, shown in red, was measured in the CMS is illustrated

In data produced last December at the LHC in Geneva, two separate measurements found what looked like a particle six time heavier than the Higgs boson.

If it turns out to be real, and not just a blip in the measurements, this would be a huge discovery. 

'We should have enough data by mid-July to either confirm the result or place serious doubt on its existence,' Professor James Olsen, CMS physics coordinator and a physicist at Princeton, told MailOnline.

'The CMS plan is to have an updated result using the 2016 data by the ICHEP conference in Chicago (starting Aug 3), although this timescale could be accelerated if the LHC outperforms expectations.'  

According to Dr Michele Redi. a research scientist at INFN Florence, writing in Scientific American, the hints of the new particle might be confirmed 'within just a few weeks, or possibly even within days.' 

'If the bump is real, we are about to start writing a whole new chapter in the history of fundamental physics,' Dr Redi said.

'It is impossible to imagine where this could lead.

'We could know the answer very, very soon.'

'The LHC is in good shape, therefore delivering collisions and new data to the experiments,' a spokeman from CERN told MailOnline.

'It is clear that the ATLAS and CMS collaborations plan to analyze these data in preparation for the big conference of the year - ICHEP 2016 Chicago - early August - so in case they have enough data and there is something new, it should be known by then or just before.

'I would say it will still take a few weeks before we can provide an update about "the bump" as analyzing the data requires some careful work.'

'It would be something completely beyond the Standard Model, and the tip of an iceberg of a large new set of particles,' Professor John Ellis, theoretical physicist at Kings College London told MailOnline, 'if it exists!'

Two of the detectors, ATLAS and CMS, were searching for new physics by counting particle decays that ended up in two photons.

Measuring photons is a good method for detecting new physics because photons are easy to detect and physicists know what to expect in terms of results from background events.

They both separately saw photons with a combined energy of 750 GeV. 

When particles decay into photons, they release energy equivalent to their mass multiplied by the speed of light squared. 

We’re all familiar with Einstein’s most famous equation, and this observation is it in action. This means the particle that produced these photons is an as yet unknown with this exact amount of energy in the form of its mass.

‘It weighs about 750 GeV, corresponding to about six times heavier than the Higgs boson, and almost 800 times heavier than the proton,’ said Ellis.

It was a similar 'bump' that gave the first hints to the Higgs boson.

But the difference now is that the existence of the Higgs boson had already been predicted. 

This new particle, if it exists, has not been predicted by the Standard Model, so would open up physicists to a whole new unexplored world and could lead to the discovery of a new set of particles. 

In December last year the two observations, in the ATLAS and CMS detectors, hinted at a new particle six times heavier than the Higgs boson. The LHC will start making more collisions next month, April 2016, and experts can expect confirmation or refutation in the summer

When particles decay into photons, they release energy equivalent to their mass multiplied by the speed of light squared. The measurements saw photons with a combined energy of 750 GeV, about six times heavier than the Higgs boson, something that has not been predicted by the current theory describing particle physics

The Standard Model claims everything in the universe is made from the most basic building blocks called fundamental particles, that are governed by four forces: gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear. 

The forces work over different ranges and have different strengths.

This new particle, if it exists, would not fit into the description given by the Standard Model and so would lead to a whole new area of particle physics for them to explore.

Some have suggested it might even lead to the discovery of a fifth fundamental force.

'This is possible, but there must at least be a set of unknown particles to explain how this new particle decays, and probably how it is produced,' said Ellis.

This development is exciting because the Standard Model has left some questions unanswered for years, so scientists are keen to break free of it and find new theories.

It can't explain gravity, for example, because it is incompatible with our best explanation of how gravity works - general relativity, nor does it explain dark matter particles.

STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS AND WHY THE FIND IS SO EXCITING

The Standard Model says everything in the universe is made from the most basic building blocks called fundamental particles, that are governed by four forces: gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong nuclear. 

The Higgs boson, named after professor Higgs, shown, was discovered in 2012 and is an essential component of the Standard Model

The forces work over different ranges and have different strengths. 

This new particle, if it exists, would not fit into the description given by the Standard Model and so would lead to a whole new area of particle physics. Some have suggested it might even lead to the discovery of a fifth fundamental force.

 This development is exciting because the Standard Model has left some questions unanswered for years, so scientists are keen to break free of it and find new theories.

It can't explain gravity, for example, because it is incompatible with our best explanation of how gravity works - general relativity, nor does it explain dark matter particles.

The quantum theory used to describe the small particles in the world, and the general theory of relativity used to describe the larger objects world, are also difficult to reconcile. Nobody has managed to make the two mathematically compatible in the context of the Standard Model.

According to the Big Bang theory, matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts at the start of the universe and so they should have annihilated each other totally in the first second or so of the universe's existence.

This means the cosmos should be full of light and little else. 

But because it isn't there must have been a subtle difference in the physics of matter and anti-matter that has left the universe with a surplus of matter and that makes up the stars we see, the planet we live on and ourselves.

But the observations seen so far are not enough to confirm the existence of a particle.

The quantum theory used to describe the small particles in the world, and the general theory of relativity used to describe the larger objects world, are also difficult to reconcile. 

Nobody has managed to make the two mathematically compatible in the context of the Standard Model.

According to the Big Bang theory, matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts at the start of the universe and so they should have annihilated each other totally in the first second or so of the universe's existence.

This means the cosmos should be full of light and little else. 

But because it isn't there must have been a subtle difference in the physics of matter and anti-matter that has left the universe with a surplus of matter and that makes up the stars we see, the planet we live on and ourselves.

The detectors saw photons with a combined energy of 750 GeV. When particles decay into photons they release energy equivalent to their mass multiplied by the speed of light squared. This means the particle that decayed into them would have been about six times heavier than the Higgs boson

But the observations seen so far are not enough to confirm the existence of a particle.

The CERN physicists need to make sure the observations were not just down to chance, so it comes down to collecting much more data and waiting to see if the particle is spotted again.

Some remain unconvinced. 

'Indeed, I don't see yet statistically convincing bumps that would point to the existence of a new particle in the LHC data,' Professor Patrick Janot, working on the CMS detector at CERN told MailOnline. 

The LHC started making more collisions in April, and the results that might confirm or refute the existence of this particle could be available soon.

'You will hear solid statements in summer,' Professor Janot said back in March, 'when a lot more data than in 2015 are accumulated at 13 TeV.'

The Large Hadron Collider explained

https://youtu.be/uWbU2r8CKfo

CERN - Large Hadron Collider: Opening the Abyss? (2015)

https://youtu.be/xZFqUfmw3jM

The Large Hadron Collider Returns in the Hunt for New Physics

https://youtu.be/2wCgpdeQWZA

Read more:

• Is Particle Physics About to Crack Wide Open? - Scientific American Blog Network

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Former Minister of Defense: World leaders are COVERING UP evidence of Alien Visitations

{ http://7tales.net/index.php }

(VIDEO) Government Chief’s Death Bed Confession: ‘I was shown inside alien UFO at Area 51’

Yet another former government official has made confessions about Aliens and UFOs. In the last couple of years countless highly ranked officials have come forward with information detailing alien visitations and extraterrestrial spacecraft. 

---

 

A newly surfaced report states that the former government emergency expert detailedly described the interior of an alien flying saucer inside the tops Secret Area 51 Military Base in the United States.

 

According to Paul Hellyer, the former Canadian Minister of Defense a former Canadian Chief of Emergency Mesures released ASTONISHING details of alien crafts before his death.

 

Mr. Hellyer, who is 92, revealed the details to a panel of the world’s most prestigious UFO investigators.

 

During a speaking at the “Hearing on ET Disclosure” in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, Mr. Hellyer said that if HE wanted to find out more about the workings of an Alien Space Craft hew would as the ‘current chief of emergency measures.’

 

Not long ago, Paul Hellyer –who was the Canadian Minister of National Defense in the 1960’s during the cold war— said in an interview that “AT LEAST 4 KNOWN ALIEN SPECIES HAVE BEEN VISITING EARTH FOR THOUSANDS OF YEARS.”

 

Paul Hellyer is the highest ranking person among all g8 countries to speak openly about UFOs and extraterrestrials.

 

• “Decades ago, visitors from other planets warned us about the direction we were heading and offered to help. Instead, some of us interpreted their visits as a threat and decided to shoot first and ask questions after. It is ironic that the US should be fighting monstrously expensive wars, allegedly to bring democracy to those countries, when it itself can no longer claim to be called a democracy when trillions, and I mean thousands of billions of dollars have been spent on black projects which both congress and the commander in chief have been kept deliberately in the dark.” – Paul Hellyer

Mr. Hellyer claims to have seen proof of Alien visitations while in office said that: “The reason I know is I interviewed the previous one, who is now deceased, and he went Langley and the CIA asked if he would like to see one of these crafts.

 

“They flew him to Area 51 and let him go inside one and observe it and make notes and this sort of thing.”

 

For years numerous conspiracy theories have revolved around Area 51 which was only confirmed to exist by the government in 2013.

 

Mr Hellyer added: “I guess Presumably, it was to be in better to cops with it if one crashed here and he was involved in trying to do something positive about it.

 

• “But before he was allowed to go had to go he had to sign an oath of secrecy and not tell anyone, and during his life he didn’t tell anyone including his wife, and an Air Force buddy phoned me, and he was dying of Lou Gehrig’s disease and at that point he felt he should tell someone.

• “I phoned him, and he gave me a full report of what he saw and the whole idea of the inside of the craft and this sort of thing, and the fact he had been in a brief and many things, but now he felt he could tell somebody, and he thought that would be a good one to tell.”

http://www.ewao.com/

{ http://7tales.net/index.php }

Fascinating Video reveals an Alien presence on the Moon

Is there something ‘alien’ to our Moon? Has mankind landed on the moon as NASA claims? And if so, why have we not been there ever since? Why did NASA stop at Apollo 17? It is well known that the space agency had numerous missions planned after Apollo 17 but strangely decided to abruptly terminate the Apollo Program. Is there evidence of an alien presence on the moon? This fascinating video investigates all possibilities.

---

 

Is it because there is an alien presence on the moon? Are there alien structure on the lunar surface that were encountered by NASA astronauts during the Apollo missions? Is it possible that the many conspiracy theories about the moon are in fact more than just a conspiracy?

 

It is well known that many highly ranked officers, government official and even former astronauts have spoken out about the anomalies on the moon. Millions of people around the globe firmly believe there are countless Alien Lunar bases on the surface of Earth’s moon, and evidence of that are the countless images leaked in recent years.

 

But perhaps one of the most fascinating things that ‘proves’ there is an alien presence on the moon are the comments made by Dr. John Brandenburg. Dr. John Brandenburg, who has a Ph.D. in Plasma Physics, and a  consultant at Morningstar Applied Physics LLC, and part-time instructor of Astronomy, Physics, and Mathematics at Madison College has given what some are calling ‘substantial evidence’ of alien life present in our solar system.

 

 According to Dr. Brandenburg:

 

• “It was (the Clementine Mission) a photo reconnaissance mission basically to check out if someone was building bases on the moon that we didn’t know about. Were they expanding them?”

• “Of all the pictures I’ve seen from the moon that show possible structures, the most impressive is an image of a mile wide recto-linear structure. This looked unmistakably artificial, and it shouldn’t be there. As somebody in the space defense community, I look on any such structure on the moon with great concern because it isn’t ours, there’s no way we could have built such a thing. It means someone else is up there.”

 

Dr. Brandenburg additionally stated that once the Clementine mission was completed, the images taken from the moon were analyzed by ‘an elite department team with the highest security clearance’:

 

• “… They basically kept to themselves and just did their work, and we were told not to interfere with them…”

Interestingly, Brandenburg was also quoted saying:

• “We were aware there was a possibility of an unknown presence, possibly alien/extraterrestrial near the Earth…”

Brandenburg recounted one occasion: 

 

• “…There I am sitting in a room of retired army and air force generals and a few admirals, and we’re watching what looks like a firefight in space. The most senior general there … turned to me and said, “Where do you think they’re from?” and I said, “I don’t know sir, I’ve heard they’re from 40 light years from here.”

 

But in addition to the comments made by Dr. Brandenburg, there are many other substantial pieces of evidence that link advanced extraterrestrial civilizations to Earth’s moon.

 

 

This fascinating documentary tackles all of these questions and tries to get to the bottom of the numerous mysteries surrounding Earth’s moon.

 

Is there a possibility that there are alien structures on the moon? Are the numerous ‘domes’, ‘antennas’ and ‘towers’ seen ni countless images of the moon the product of pareidolia? Or are these structures artificial buildings created by a highly advanced alien race that visited Earth’s moon hundreds, or even thousands of years ago?

 

Dr. Brian O’Leary, Former NASA Astronaut, and Princeton Physics Professor was quoted saying:

 

• “There is abundant evidence that we are being contacted, that civilizations have been visiting us for a very long time…”

 

Perhaps the ultimate evidence of these alien civilizations can be found on the moon. Check out the documentary and let us know what you think!

 

 

http://www.ewao.com/

{ http://7tales.net/index.php }

HOREN SIGAARVORMIGE UFO'S BIJ GEHEIME RUIMTEVLOOT? ( VIDEO )

Waar in de burgerluchtvaart de Boeing 737 als een soort werkpaard functioneert, is er in de ruimte de sigaarvormige UFO. 

Ook de afgelopen weken werden deze weer waargenomen bij de Popocatépetl vulkaan in Mexico, maar je ziet ze ook op Mars en bij het ISS ruimtestation. 

Sinds de Engelse hacker Gary McKinnon binnendrong bij de computers van het Pentagon en NASA weten we zeker dat ook aardlingen zich bezighouden met een geheime ruimtevloot. Er hierbij vanuit gaand dat de informatie klopt.

Heeft Gary gevonden wat hij zocht? Ja, want hij zegt zelf dat hij foto’s, film en ander bewijs heeft gevonden van geheime ruimtevaartuigen in het bezit van diverse Amerikaanse overheidsinstanties. In een computer van NASA ontdekte hij een hoge resolutiefoto van een groot sigaarvormig ruimteschip boven het Noordelijk Halfrond. 

In Amerikaanse overheidscomputers vond hij een lijst met namen van officieren met de titel “niet aardse officieren”. Volgens McKinnon kan dit betekenen dat dit officieren zijn die niet op aarde zijn gestationeerd, maar elders in de ruimte. Ook vond hij een lijst met namen van schepen en transfers van officieren van en naar deze schepen. De namen van de schepen komen nergens anders voor, ook niet bij de Marine, dus denkt Gary dat dit een soort ruimteschepen zijn waarvan niemand het bestaan kent. 

Er zijn nog talloze andere aanwijzingen dat de rijke elite in het geheim beschikt over een ruimtevloot die al jarenlang naar andere planeten pendelen. 

Wanneer dat zo is, dan zouden de vele sigaarvormige UFO’s die regelmatig worden waargenomen wel eens onderdeel kunnen uitmaken van die geheime ruimtevloot. 

De volgende opnames werden de afgelopen weken gemaakt bij de befaamde Popocatépetl vulkaan in Mexico. 

De eerste is gemaakt met de normale, daar permanent aanwezige webcam en de volgende twee zijn afbeeldingen gemaakt door een infraroodcamera.

In de volgende video zijn meer opnames te zien die de afgelopen weken zijn gemaakt rondom de Popocatépetl vulkaan en ook van nog een andere, eveneens in Mexico. 

 

Hierna volgt een deel uit een eerder artikel, waarbij sigaarvormige UFO’s te zien zijn op Mars, bij het ruimtestation ISS en een door de Russen gemaakte opname van een dergelijke UFO bij Phobos, één van de manen van Mars.

Enkele dagen geleden zagen we de volgende vreemde sigaar- of cilindervormige UFO verschijnen boven Mars, zoals we schreven in een artikel op 2 mei 2014.

In dat artikel hebben we verder gewezen op de meer dan opvallende overeenkomsten met de sigaarvormige UFO die verdween in de Popocatépetl vulkaan in Mexico. 

Nu verschijnen er ook ineens twee sigaarvormige UFO’s bij het Internationale Ruimtestation, ISS.

Zoals te doen gebruikelijk bij NASA; op het moment dat ze merken dat er via de ISS camera UFO’s in beeld komen, wordt het beeld uitgezet. 

Zo ook in de volgende video, waar na ongeveer 1 minuut 20, wanneer de sigaarvormige UFO’s in beeld komen, het testbeeld verschijnt.

Sigaarvormige UFO’s bij de vulkaan in Mexico, het ISS en boven Mars. Allemaal zonder dat NASA of de (Amerikaanse) overheid daar iets van af zou weten? De wereld moet wel heel erg goedgelovig zijn om dat allemaal te slikken. 

Daarnaast is er ook nog door de Russen een sigaarvormige UFO vastgelegd in de buurt van Mars. Dit incident is door ons eerder beschreven in een publicatie van 4 mei 2013. Hier volgt een deel van dat bewuste artikel: 

"In juli 1988 stuurden de Russen twee onbemande ruimteschepen richting Mars, de Phobos 1 en de Phobos 2. Het doel van de missie was om onderzoek te doen naar de geheimzinnige maan van Mars, Phobos. Na twee maanden verloor men alle contact met Phobos 1 en verdween deze voor altijd uit beeld. Ook Phobos 2 ging uiteindelijk verloren, maar niet nadat er een aantal vreemde zaken waren voorgevallen. 

In januari 1989 arriveerde Phobos 2 veilig bij Mars en begon haar omloopbaan om de planeet. De volgende stap was om het ruimteschip in een zodanige omloopbaan te brengen waardoor hij in feite in tandem zou vliegen met de maan Phobos. Hierdoor zou men dan de mogelijkheid creëren om deze maan met geavanceerde apparatuur te onderzoeken. 

In eerste instantie ging alles goed, totdat men probeerde Phobos 2 uit te lijnen met de maan Phobos. Op 28 maart kwam het Russische controlecentrum met het bericht dat er communicatieproblemen met het ruimteschip waren. verder dat Phobos 2 niet langer communiceerde nadat hij een dag daarvoor een rondje had gemaakt rondom de maan Phobos. Ook werd het contact later niet hersteld waardoor ook de Phobos 2 als verloren werd beschouwd. 

Echter, net voordat het contact volledig werd verbroken stuurde de Phobos 2 een aantal vreemde beelden naar de aarde. De volgende foto laat een ongewone schaduw zien op het maanoppervlak.

Wat het ook was dat deze schaduw veroorzaakte, de experts waren het er over eens dat het niet iets natuurlijks was. De grootte van de schaduw op het oppervlak van Mars geeft aan dat het object ergens tussen de 20 en 25 kilometer lang moet zijn. 

Dan blijft het een lange tijd stil. Totdat de vroegere Russische kosmonaute Marina Popovich een persconferentie geeft in 1991 waar ze met de volgende geheime foto komt. Het is de allerlaatste infraroodfoto die Phobos 2 naar de aarde heeft gestuurd.

Als je bedenkt dat de totale lengte van de maan Phobos ongeveer 22 kilometer is dan zie je dat dit vreemde object eveneens een lengte heeft van ergens tussen de 20 en 25 kilometer, even groot als de schaduw van het object op het oppervlak van Mars".

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