Naar de inhoud

UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
akke.beakke.be
Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.

SpaceX onthult interplanetair ruimteschip om Mars te koloniseren

{ http://www.scientias.nl/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 23:50 Stuur door

Rosetta-missie: alle hoogtepunten op een rij

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 23:43 Stuur door

'IF YOU KNEW WHAT WE DO, YOU WILL NEVER SLEEP AGAIN' - NASA DIRECTOR (video)

'IF YOU KNEW WHAT WE DO, YOU WILL NEVER SLEEP AGAIN' - NASA DIRECTOR (video)

Paul Hertz, Director of the Astrophysics Division of the NASA, shared at IMGUR this amazing statement about aliens.
 
We are never going to discover aliens, aliens are going to discover us and when they do it won´t be pretty. You can take that to the bank. 
 
There certainly wont be enought time for press conferences about it. You probaly wont have the time to blink. 
 
"Be carefull what you wish for. if you guys knew even a fraction of the shit we do, you will never sleep again. I promise you that" 
 
Paul Hertz Director of the astrophysics divison at nasa. 
 
Paul Hertz was named Director of the Astrophysics Division in the Science Mission Directorate at NASA in March 2012. He is responsible for the Agency’s research programs and missions necessary to discover how the universe works, explore how the universe began and developed into its present form, and search for Earth-like planets. 
 
 
 
Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 23:10 Stuur door

Zelfmoordmissie van Rosetta is voorbij: ruimtetuig crasht op komeet om daar voor altijd te blijven - HLN.be

Zelfmoordmissie van Rosetta is voorbij: ruimtetuig crasht op komeet om daar voor altijd te blijven - HLN.be

Bron: ESA, Mirror

VIDEO Vanmiddag, om twintig na één, is de missie van de Europese komeetsonde Rosetta tot een einde gekomen. Het ruimtetuig van het Europees Ruimteagentschap ESA werd twaalf jaar geleden gelanceerd om kometen te bestuderen. Vandaag, op 718 miljoen kilometer van de aarde, stortte Rosetta gecontroleerd neer op komeet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, waar ze al twee jaar rond cirkelde.

media_l_9117320.jpg   Een van de beelden die vanmorgen nog door Rosetta naar de aarde werden gestuurd.  © ESA.

De snelheid van de impact was 19 centimeter per seconde, zowat de helft van een wandeltempo. Maar omdat Rosetta niet ontworpen was om te kunnen landen, was dat fataal voor heel wat instrumenten. 

Vooraf werd de landingsplaats minutieus bepaald. De komeet is ongeveer 4 kilometer groot en ziet er een beetje uit als een zandloper. Hij zou ontstaan zijn door het botsen van twee kometen. Het oppervlakte is erg poreus en de temperatuur bedraagt er tot honderd graden onder nul. 

Schat
De missie van Rosetta kwam daarmee tot een einde en kostte 1 miljard euro. De beslissing om de missie af te breken werd genomen omdat de komeet bijna zo ver van de zon is, dat de zonnepanelen van Rosetta niet meer genoeg energie kregen om te blijven functioneren. Ook de bandbreedte voor het downloaden van wetenschappelijke data verminderde. Het ruimtetuig bleef wel tot het allerlaatste moment foto's in hoge resolutie maken en gegevens verzamelen over onder meer gassen, stof en plasma ronde steenbrok en die doorsturen naar de aarde. Dat moet nog een schat aan info opleveren. Het laatste contact was er 51 meter boven de komeet.

Succes
"Het is gebeurd. Ik kan bevestigen dat de afdaling van Rosetta een volledig succes is", zei missieverantwoordelijke Patrick Martin, een paar minuten nadat om 13.19 uur Belgische tijd het signaal was weggevallen. "Adieu Rosetta, je hebt je werk goed gedaan", zei Martin in het vluchtleidingscentrum ESOC in Darmstadt. Daar was het tijdens de laatste minuten van de vlucht muisstil, totdat een wervelend applaus na de bevestiging van de landing uitbrak.

Reis

De sonde heeft bijna acht miljard kilometer afgelegd, is op haar reis in 2005 en 2009 drie keer rond de aarde gescheerd en één keer rond Mars (2007), terwijl ze twee keer een ontmoeting met een asteroïde had, Steins (2008) en Lutetia (2010). Het tuig vertoefde 31 maanden in gecontroleerde winterslaap.

{ http://www.hln.be/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 23:01 Stuur door

"Saturnusmaan Dione verbergt een oceaan onder het ijs" - HLN.be

"Saturnusmaan Dione verbergt een oceaan onder het ijs" - HLN.be

Bron: Belga

media_xll_9112788.jpg

Saturnusmaan Dione met daaronder Saturnusringen. 

© epa.

Onderzoekers van de Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België (KSB) hebben, op grond van nieuwe gegevens van de ruimtesonde Cassini, aangetoond dat de Saturnusmaan Dione een oceaan van vloeibaar water onder haar ijsoppervlak heeft. De Belgische studie verschijnt deze week in "Geophysical Research Letters".

Bij twee andere manen van Saturnus, Titan en Enceladus, en ook Europa, een maan van Jupiter, was men al vrij zeker dat er onder hun ijskorst grote oceanen waren, maar nu is er dus nog een "oceaanwereld". 

De oceaan is enkele tientallen kilometers diep en omsluit een grote harde kern. Zo lijkt Dione erg op buur Enceladus, die ook bekend is omwille van de reusachtige stralen van waterdamp ("jets") die bij de zuidpool worden uitgestoten. Dione lijkt nu wel rustig, maar de littekens op haar oppervlak, in de vorm van grote ijskliffen, wijzen op een tumultueus verleden.

Leven
De oceaan van Dione was er waarschijnlijk al van bij het ontstaan van de maan en dus mogelijk een goede omgeving voor microscopisch leven. "De contactzone van de oceaan met de harde kern komt het meest in aanmerking. Daar kunnen de voedingsstoffen en de energie aanwezig zijn, die nodig zijn voor leven", zegt co-auteur Attilio Rivoldini. 

Het aantal "oceaanwerelden", de ijsmanen en planeten met een ondergrondse oceaan, wordt groter bij elke nieuwe missie naar de buitengebieden van ons zonnestelsel. Met drie "oceaanwerelden" bij Jupiter, drie bij Saturnus, en mogelijk één bij Pluto, is het geen exclusieve club meer.

Isostatische benadering
Dankzij de nieuwe "isostatische" benadering kunnen deze werelden nu beter bestudeerd worden, zodra we hun vorm en gravitatieveld kennen. "Toekomstige missies zullen de manen van Jupiter bestuderen, maar ook de satellieten van Uranus en Neptunus zouden moeten onderzocht worden", vindt één van de auteurs, Mikael Beuthe.

Lees ook

{ http://www.hln.be/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:55 Stuur door

SpaceX onthult ruimteschip en raket voor kolonisatie van Mars - HLN.be

SpaceX onthult ruimteschip en raket voor kolonisatie van Mars - HLN.be

UPDATE Tijdens een livestream deed Elon Musk vanavond uit de doeken hoe hij met zijn ruimtevaartbedrijf SpaceX een missie naar Mars wil realiseren. Hij lichtte toe hoe SpaceX werkt aan een interplanetaire raket en capsule om grote aantallen mensen naar Mars te brengen met het ultieme doel de planeet te koloniseren. De gigantische SpaceX-raket moet per reis 100 passagiers plus vracht kunnen vervoeren.

media_l_9109707.jpg Elon Musk © anp.

De raket en het ruimteschip zijn veel groter dan de huidige Falcon 9 van SpaceX, die in totaal 122 meter hoog zullen zijn. De Falcon 9 is momenteel 70 meter groot. 

De raket zal het ruimteschip op koers brengen en vervolgens terugkeren naar de aarde, waar ze weer moet landen op het lanceerplatform. Het is de bedoeling dat de raket daar een brandstoftank ophaalt om weer naar het ruimteschip te brengen.

Lees ook

Kolonisatie

De SpaceX-CEO ziet een toekomst waarin mensen een grote kolonie vestigen op Mars, maar voegde eraan toe dat de grootste moeilijkheid het aantrekken van voldoende vrijwilligers zal zijn. "Je kan geen zelfvoorzienende beschaving creëren als het prijskaartje per persoon 10 miljard dollar per persoon is," voegde hij eraan toe. "Ons doel is om het naar beneden te krijgen tot ongeveer het equivalent van een middelgroot huis in de Verenigde Staten, ongeveer 200.000 dollar". "Het kan 40 tot 100 jaren duren tot er een volledig zelfvoorzienende beschaving is op Mars," aldus Musk.

SpaceX, dat door Musk specifiek werd opgericht met het doel om Mars te koloniseren, is een van de verschillende initiatieven die door privaat en overheidsgeld gesponsord worden, om mensen en vracht naar de rode planeet en andere bestemmingen buiten de atmosfeer van de aarde te brengen. 

Mars ligt op ongeveer 225 miljoen kilometer van de aarde. Het is een heel ambitieuze onderneming om mensen, na een reis van zes tot negen maanden, er te laten landen.

Steun van NASA

Musk zei niet hoeveel het hele project zou kosten. SpaceX is van plan om elke 26 maanden naar Mars te vliegen, wanneer de aarde en Mars in een gunstige positie tegenover elkaar staan. Musk hoopt om in 2024 de eerste mensen naar Mars te brengen. 

De eerste Marsmissie van SpaceX moet plaatsvinden in 2018: daarvoor wil het bedrijf de onbemande capsule 'Red Dragon' naar het oppervlak van Mars brengen om de daling en landing van het tuig te testen. 

De eerste bemande Marsmissie van NASA moet plaatsvinden rond 2034. NASA steunt het project van SpaceX en zal het bedrijf bijstaan met advies en relais-stations die communicatie in de ruimte en Mars mogelijk maken, in ruil voor data.

{ http://www.hln.be/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:44 Stuur door

NASA: "Mogelijk waterdamppluimen op Jupiters maan Europa" - HLN.be

NASA: "Mogelijk waterdamppluimen op Jupiters maan Europa" - HLN.be

Bron: NASA

media_xll_9106855.jpg

© NASA.

Op nieuwe foto's van Jupiters maan Europa, genomen met de Hubble-ruimtetelescoop, zijn mogelijk pluimen van waterdamp te zien. Eerdere waarnemingen deden al vermoeden dat de ijsmaan waterdamp uitbraakt. Dat zou eventuele toekomstige missies behoorlijk kunnen vergemakkelijken.

Astronomen vermoeden dat onder het ijzige oppervlak van Europa een enorme oceaan schuilgaat, die tweemaal zoveel water bevat als de zeeën op aarde. "De oceaan van Europa wordt gezien als een van de meest veelbelovende plaatsen in ons zonnestelsel die mogelijk leven kunnen bevatten", zegt Geoff Yoder van het Science Mission Directorate van NASA in een persbericht. 

Maar die oceaan wordt afgedekt door een laag extreem koud en hard ijs. Hoe dik de ijslaag is, is niet geweten. Om het water op de maan te kunnen onderzoeken, zou er dus mogelijk door een kilometers dikke laag geboord moeten worden. "Maar als er inderdaad pluimen van waterdamp zijn, bieden die een andere mogelijkheid om de ondergrond van Europa te onderzoeken", klinkt het. Zo zouden er stalen verzameld kunnen worden zonder te moeten landen op of boren door het ijs.

Lees ook

media_xll_9106857.jpg De witte uitbarstingen, links onderaan, zijn de vermoedelijke pluimen van waterdamp op Europa.  © NASA/ESA/W. Sparks/USGS Astrogeology Science Center.

Het onderzoeksteam, onder leiding van William Sparks van het Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, zag Europa tien keer voor Jupiter passeren. Driemaal werden er mogelijke waterpluimen waargenomen. Ze stegen naar schatting 200 kilometer boven het oppervlak, alvorens het materiaal weer naar beneden regende. Het onderzoek verschijnt eind deze maand in The Astrophysical Journal. 

In 2012 waren er ook al vermoedens van waterpluimen op Europa. Een team van het Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio zag toen 160 kilometer hoge pluimen uitbarsten vanaf de zuidpool van de maan. Tot nu toe doen de observaties vermoeden dat de pluimen hoogst variabel zijn. Dat zou betekenen dat ze een tijdlang sporadisch uitbarsten, om dan weer stil te vallen. 

Indien het nieuws bevestigd wordt, zou Europa de tweede maan in ons zonnestelsel zijn met waterpluimen. In 2005 ontdekte NASA's ruimtetuig Cassini wolken van waterdamp en stof boven het oppervlak van Saturnus' maan Eceladus.

{ http://www.hln.be/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:38 Stuur door

Ambtenaar: “Ik word al sinds mijn negende bezocht door aliens”

Ambtenaar:

Ambtenaar: “Ik word al sinds mijn negende bezocht door aliens”

De Australische UFO-gemeenschap bestaat uit advocaten, wetenschappers, ambtenaren en studenten die één ding gemeen hebben: ze hebben een UFO gezien of claimen in contact te staan met buitenaardse bezoekers.

De organisatie, de UFO & Paranormal Research Society of Australia (UFO-PRSA), komt eens per maand bijeen. De leden hekelen de manier waarop de massamedia abductees en believers afschilderen. Er wordt vaak gesproken van ‘kleine groene mannetjes’, maar volgens de leden zijn sommige aliens in werkelijkheid grijs.

“Het bewijs dat aliens al op aarde zijn geweest is publiekelijk beschikbaar,” zei één van de leden. “Via het leger, de luchtmacht en de marine. De overheid moet ons niet langer voor de gek houden. Diverse astronauten en piloten hebben zich al uitgesproken.”

Ze verwijst naar de Amerikaanse astronaut Edgar Mitchell, die zei dat aliens de aarde al hadden bezocht en dat de overheid bewijs hiervoor onder het tapijt heeft geveegd.

Enorme helikopter

Jessie (43), een ambtenaar uit Sydney, claimt al vanaf haar negende te worden bezocht door aliens. Ze zei dat ze voor het eerst werd bezocht door een buitenaards wezen toen ze in Oezbekistan woonde.

“Ik was alleen thuis toen er plotseling een grijs wezen achter de kast vandaan kwam,” zei ze. “Ik was er niet bang voor, het was mijn vriend. Hij wilde gewoon bij me zijn. Hij liet me door middel van telepathie weten dat hij moest gaan, maar spoedig weer zou terugkeren.”

Ambtenaar:

Jessie zei dat de alien zich weer liet zien toen ze 14 jaar oud was. “Ik werd wakker van een hard geluid,” zei ze. “Ik zag vanuit het raam iets wat leek op een enorme helikopter met vreemde lichten.”

“De UFO hing 150 meter boven het huis,” zei ze. De hele omgeving was verlicht. Plotseling verdween het object en was alles weer donker. Er was niets meer te zien en ik ging weer slapen.”

Belachelijk

Voorzitter van de UFO-PRSA Larrain Cilia zegt mensen wakker te willen schudden. “Als de media iemand interviewen over dit onderwerp, laten ze op de achtergrond altijd kleine groene mannetjes in ruimteschepen zien,” zei ze. “Ze maken het onderwerp belachelijk, terwijl we er op een serieuze manier naar moeten kijken.”

Er zijn volgens haar veel meer mensen die dit soort dingen meemaken dan we denken. “Mensen gaan niet meer naar de politie als ze iets hebben gezien,” zei Cilia. “Ze gaan speuren op internet en sluiten zich aan bij UFO-groepen. We krijgen telefoontjes uit het hele land.”

Landingsplekken

“De informatie die we krijgen is zeer, zeer interessant,” zei wetenschapper Bryan Dickeson. Hij zegt al diverse UFO-landingsplekken te hebben onderzocht. Hij stuitte onder meer op verschillen in bodemmateriaal.

Anna zegt al haar hele leven contact te hebben met buitenaardsen. “Al van kinds af aan heb ik contact,” zei ze. “Maar ik spreek er niet openlijk over omdat ik bang ben voor gek te worden versleten.”

Gebouwen

Volgens Anna zijn aliens hier al sinds mensenheugenis. Ze denkt dat we oorspronkelijk van Mars naar de aarde zijn gekomen. “Het sterrenbeeld Orion en vulkanen op de rode planeet staan op één lijn met de piramides van Gizeh,” zei ze.

David voegde toe: “De structuren rond Tor Hill in Engeland worden ook op Mars gevonden.” Zijn vriendin Kylie reageerde: “Er zijn ook gebouwen op Mars.”

Uit privacyoverwegingen zijn de namen veranderd.

[News.com.au]

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:07 Stuur door

ENGELSE STAD OPGESCHRIKT DOOR VREEMD OBJECT IN DE LUCHT ( VIDEO )

ENGELSE STAD OPGESCHRIKT DOOR VREEMD OBJECT IN DE LUCHT ( VIDEO )

sw1.jpg

Tientallen mensen waren afgelopen zondagavond getuige van een vreemd vliegend voorwerp boven de Engelse stad Swindon. 

De stad ligt overigens vlakbij de plek waar een helikopterbemanning enkele dagen eerder een onbekend voorwerp filmde met de infraroodcamera. 



De plaatselijke krant in Swindon stond er vol mee en iedereen die het object had gezien wilde graag zijn of haar verhaal vertellen. 

Zoals de voormalige telefoonmonteur Graham Woodward die samen met zijn 18-jarige zoon naar huis reed toen ze drie hele felle witte lichten in de vorm van een driehoek waarnamen. Een driehoek met een rood licht in het midden.


xxx

Woodward is ervan overtuigd dat het geen drone of een vliegtuig was omdat er geen navigatielichten te zien waren. 

Toen ze de auto stopten en de ramen opendeden, was er ook geen enkel geluid van motoren te horen. “Het ziet er in ieder geval totaal anders uit dan ieder ander vliegend object dat ik ooit heb gezien”, zo zei hij. 

Het vreemde object bleef ongeveer drie minuten lang hangen, voordat het naar links afboog en uit het zicht verdween.


xxx

Woodward en zoon waren zo verbaasd dat ze onmiddellijk het alarmnummer van de politie belden. 

De onderstaande video is gemaakt in Liden, een voorstadje van Swindon, door Richard Newton die het object zag rond dezelfde tijd als Woodward in Swindon. 

Richard is er eveneens van overtuigd dat het geen drone of een vliegtuig was. 

Ook andere getuigen zoals een echtpaar zeiden het volgende: 

“Wij zagen ook die drie lichten rond een uur of half negen. Het waren absoluut drie felle witte lichten en het leek totaal niet op een vliegtuig”. 

Alhoewel er natuurlijk altijd mensen zijn die de gebeurtenis proberen af te doen als een vliegtuig, zijn er dit keer toch teveel getuigen die allemaal volhouden dat de vreemde lichten die ze hebben gezien, niets met een vliegtuig te maken hebben. 

 

Het toeval wil dat de Amerikaan Steven Barone over wie wij al vaker schreven en die naast de Nellis Airforce Base woont in Nevada ook iets dergelijks heeft waargenomen. 

Wat Steven filmde zag er ongeveer zo uit:


xxx

Ook de waarneming van Steven vond plaats op zondagavond laat, maar vanwege het tijdsverschil toch zo’n zeven uur later dan die in het Engelse Swindon. 

Volgens Steven bleef het object ongeveer een uur lang bewegingloos hangen, en bleef hij filmen totdat de batterij van zijn camera leeg was. 

 

Het voorval lijkt eveneens veel op wat een gezin uit Australië de stuipen op het lijf joeg en waarover wij eerder schreven. 

Buitenaards of een menselijk experiment zoals de TR-3B? 

Bijzonder is natuurlijk wel dat er veel verhalen zijn over een buitenaardse basis onder Nellis Airforce Base. Een basis van de zogenaamde Tall White Aliens.

{ http://niburu.co/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 21:53 Stuur door

Extraordinary UFO DARPA Stealth Craft Over Eastern Caribbean!! Black Knight Operation? 9/28/2016

5lpeJqeX6e0.jpg

Extraordinary UFO DARPA Stealth Craft Over Eastern Caribbean!! Black Knight Operation? 9/28/2016

Extraordinary DARPA UFO! Craft During Tropical Storm Matthew!? Stealth Black Knight Observation Over Eastern Caribbean!!

#1 Most Viewed UFO Youtube Channel Thirdphaseofmoon Shares Your Incredible UFO Videos To the World! Upload your UFO Video To Youtube, Then Copy Paste The Link To My Email!cousinsbrothersproductions@gmail.com Keep Your Eyes on the Skies! We are not Alone!


{ http://www.niburu.nl/categorie/ufo/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 21:45 Stuur door

Interview with author of UFOs Over Romania

Interview-with-author-of-UFOs-Over-Romania

Interview with author of UFOs Over Romania

A UFO book gathering interest and momentum at the moment is ‘UFOs OVER ROMANIA’. In the west, little is known about its author, Dan D. Farcas PhD. With that in mind, I recently took the opportunity to interview Dan in order to try and learn a little more about his interests and how he became involved in UFO research in his home country of Romania.

RL: How and when did you first become interested in the UFO phenomenon?

Dan D.Farcas PhD

Dan D. Farcas PhD

DF: I should split the question into two. I’ve always been interested in extraterrestrial issues, but only relatively lately into UFOs. When I was 8 or 9 years old, one of the things I used to play at with my younger brother was to draw our imaginary adventures in a primitive type of comic book. I still have some of them. Most of these adventures took place in outer space, travelling from one planet to another. At the same period of time, I started to write a book on astronomy. In the forties, in Romania, there were no such books available.

When I was 25-35, I published several science fiction short stories, mainly on space travel and contacts with aliens. In these stories, I felt it was quite normal for an alien to appear suddenly, in human form, in an earthly environment, but I still had doubts about UFOs as extraterrestrial vehicles.

I published some popular science articles about extraterrestrial civilizations and, around 1980, I was invited to write a book about this topic. On this occasion, I thought it is normal to inform myself on the UFO phenomenon. Only then, I discovered, by reading some good books, how many well documented cases exist and how important they are.

The book, entitled “De ce tac civilizaţiile extraterestre” (Why cue the extraterrestrial civilizations), published in 1983, was a small bestseller. Then many people asked me about UFOs, so I continued to inform myself more seriously, and published a lot, especially after 1990.

RL: Have you ever had a personal experience with ‘high strangeness’?

DF: I have the memory of several “night visits”, before the age of 5 years. I argued then that they were not dreams. The only thing I remember now is a green hand disappearing behind my bed, somehow in to the wall. I even gave a name to this apparition, something like “that with the hand”.

I had also, in this period, some unexplainable phobias. I felt a terror if I get a glimpse of certain common objects. These reactions have disappeared with time.

RL: Has being an academic aided you in your research of the UFO phenomenon?

UFOs-Over-Romania

DF: I was trained in mathematics, physics and astronomy at a university level. This helped me not only to understand the size and structure of the universe, or what means spaces with more dimensions, but it also gave me a strong sense of sizes, such as differences between thousands, millions and billions of years, or light years. I noticed that, for many, this often means only “very much”, leading to serious confusions.

On the other hand, academic training in such domains, gives you a higher censorship toward certain facts that you hear reported. Among other things, this made me sceptical for a long time, that UFOs may be spacecraft. Of course, life has forced me, in many fields, to go beyond the dogmas learned in school.

Finally, the academic education and my life experience helped me to understand the limitations of some instruments considered “taboo” in our culture. I understood the limits of the scientific method, of the mathematics and logic. All these have relevance in investigating the UFO phenomenon.

RL: Whilst compiling your research for your new book UFO’s OVER ROMANIA you will have read many eye witness reports, did any one account stand out to you and why?

DF: For this book I used, mostly, investigations made by people that I have known and I had confidence in, but I gave also many pages to the cases that I investigated personally over the last 20 years. There were, on the one hand, strange accounts of military pilots, and on the other hand, unexplained encounters of just ordinary people. I was impressed most by the sincerity of all the witnesses and by their desire to find an explanation for what had happened. With the stories from civilians, I was most impressed by the mixture between the classical UFO lore and some characters or features I knew before only in folkloric or religious realms.

But to understand all the things that surprised me, I think it’s better to recommend reading the book, with all those stories.

RL: Has the language barrier been an obstacle in sharing Eastern European UFO reports?

DF: The language barrier is a very serious one. It was partially overcome in technical fields in which international cooperation is mandatory and where you use a limited vocabulary; but it is still a problem in many other areas, including ufology.

The ufological literature, in Romanian language, and about Romanian cases, is not very extensive, but even so, there are many interesting cases and developments which are not known abroad. The situation is, I think, similar in other Eastern European countries.

RL:  You are the chairman of ASFAN. What is this organization?

DF: In 1998, Ion Hobana, a well known writer and ufologist, Harald Alexandrescu, astronomer, and myself, took the initiative of creating the Romanian Association for the Study of Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena (ASFAN), as an organisation of well established specialists in various disciplines relevant for active involvement in UFO research. It was and has remained the only non-governmental and non-profit organisation in Romania, with legal personality, dedicated exclusively to ufology. The legal permission for the establishment of ASFAN was obtained at the Court of the City of Bucharest on September 28, 1998, taking into consideration the approval of the Ministry of Research and Technology and that of the General Mayor of Bucharest. The offices of ASFAN were established in the building of the “Admiral Vasile Urseanu” Astronomical Observatory of the Municipality of Bucharest, Boulevard Lascăr Catargiu 21, Bucharest, property of the City.

For the 21 founding members (demanded by the law at that point in time), highly skilled individuals were selected: mathematicians, astronomers, engineers, specialists in radar, aeronautics, meteorology, photo-imaging, informatics, medicine, as well as interdisciplinary oriented personalities. The main aim was to have a multidisciplinary and pluralistic approach to the phenomenon. The initial elected board was: chairman Ion Hobana (1931-2011), Vice-chairman myself, and executive director Harald Alexandrescu Ph.D., mathematician and astronomer (1944-2005). Since 2011, I am the chairman.

At the beginning, ASFAN organised, for three years, public lectures on a monthly basis. A more complex, one day UFO Conference was organised in May 2014. We had also several other public encounters and actions. ASFAN members were invited to appear on virtually all of the main Romanian TV channels and radio stations for debates on current UFO events and related issues. Unfortunately, the funding and the time available for the members was always very limited, so the achievements of ASFAN were much lower than had been hoped, and in time most of members became inactive with no one to take their place.

ASFAN received and examined written reports, photos, video footage and other UFO data (far from all cases). The most interesting ones are available (in Romanian) on the website of the organization. There are no printed UFO publications in Romania, but some ASFAN members have or had permanent UFO columns or articles published in Romanian popular science magazines.

Ion Hobana kept in touch with many ufologists worldwide, he participated in international conferences and invited to Romania several ufologists from abroad. Other ASFAN members tried to maintain these contacts, making new ones too, with several UFO research organisations and specialists abroad.

 RL: In UFOs OVER ROMANIA you discuss ‘hypercivilizations’. Could you just expand on what this is?

DF: In our Galaxy (the Milky Way), there are around 200 billion stars. Around 30 billion planets can host life. More and more specialists admit that the basic components of life are travelling throughout space, “infecting” immediately all appropriate planets upon contact. In ideal conditions, in three-four billion years of undisturbed evolution, the random game of mutations and the subsequent changing of the environment could produce on such a planet a complex life system, as we see on our Earth and, in some cases, even a “technological civilisation”, that means intelligent beings capable of building spaceships to travel to other inhabitable planets.

As I estimated that, in the history of our Galaxy, could come into being a number of technological civilizations, of which, only a few hundred survived the childhood diseases that we face now on Earth, and still exist. But these civilizations have not arisen simultaneously. The first may have been born a billion years ago, or even earlier. Therefore in our Galaxy, the surviving civilizations have appeared, most likely, one in a several million years. So, they are far apart from us not only in space, but also in time.

What will become of our civilization (if it will survive) over millions (or billions) of years? How would the inhabitants of a civilization that has outstripped us with millions of years look like? It is impossible for us to imagine. We can accept however that they have been transformed into something else, beyond our understanding; into something we can name as a “hypercivilization”.

If somebody considers that we were too optimistic and the intelligent beings are much scarcer, we should add that our Milky Way is only one of at least 150 billion, more or less similar, galaxies of the Universe accessible to our instruments. And we have strong reasons to believe that there are other Universes too, maybe “parallel” ones, maybe from other states of matter, or parts of a “Multiverse” etc. Therefore it is almost absolutely sure that in the Cosmos there are hypercivilisations.

School and science fiction, but not only, set our minds on patterns ignoring completely the possibility of hypercivilizations. There is a primitive extraterrestrial hypothesis, which assumes that all cosmic civilizations are more or less at the same level with us. Therefore it nurtures some false preconceptions as: very long and difficult cosmic voyages, landing on the lawn of White House, equal rights, conversation, invasion, intervention, aid, and so on.

This primitive view is completely implausible. If hypercivilizations exist (and they exist, with a probability of 99.999999…%) they exploited, in the smallest detail, our Galaxy, millions of years ago, so they have known, for a long time, about our existence. A difference of millions of years, or even hundreds of millions, is as huge as between us and a lizard or even an ant. If an entomologist would propose to study an anthill, he will try to disturb, as little as possible, its life. He could of course make experiments, examining or modifying some ants, or even taking them in remote laboratories, trying to create new “races” and so on, but will not “present credentials” to the queen of the ants. If the entomologist have the technology, he will create some robot ants, sending them in to the hill and watching from a safe place, for example “on the computer screen”, the data transmitted by them. Hypercivilizations might treat us in a similar way. Therefore no settlement, no destruction, on one hand and no official contact, conversation or substantial help, on the other hand, are to be expected from highly advanced cosmic civilisations, even if they are here now.

The arising of a technological civilization could be a very rare event in our Galaxy, occurring probably once in several millions of years. So it is normal for us to be of interest to the higher intelligences. But they will forbid any aid. This is not, only, because of human aggressiveness and xenophobia, making from all new technology new weapons, nor only to avoid a “cultural shock”, which could virtually destroy all our social, scientific, religious, economical, political, military and cultural structures. I suppose they have also some other reasons for that. Hypercivilisations could wait (and maybe harvest even now) our original ideas, viewpoints, creations (in art, science, philosophy, ethics etc.), or something else, produced as a result of millions of years of our independent evolution. And all that expected crop could be destroyed by a premature contact. Some old, apparently absurd, stories may be an indication of such an attitude: the punishment for the apple of the forbidden tree of knowledge, the chaining of Prometheus, or the fallen angels (from Book of Enoch), thrown into a pit full of fire, because they were taught earthlings different skills.

The higher intelligences may gather and store our lives in a kind of virtual reality; this could explain: channelling, “xenoglossia”, “walk-ins”, “reincarnation”, ghosts, etc. In such a super-memory it is possible to travel in the past, without changing the real past, or to see scenarios of the future (sometimes apocalyptical), without accepting fatality.

Of course, all the above is not a proof that the hypercivilisations are the explanation for everything strange and particularly for UFOs. It is only one hypothesis; but one which cannot be easily discarded. And we can speculate even further, supposing for example that the spiritual world was before, or that the material world is only a kind of a great virtual reality and so on. Also, the whole Universe (or rather the “Multiverse”) could be much older and much more complex than the part we can observe with our instruments. Was there something before the “Big Bang”? What is beyond the limits of our closed Universe (maybe in another dimension or another reality, maybe in a spiritual state of matter)?

RL: In your opinion, how do we keep moving forward with UFO research?

DF: UFOs exist! To understand them, first of all, we have to collect facts, focusing on the sincerity of the witnesses and on the honesty of the ufologists, avoiding: tricksters, deception, exaggeration, inventions, misinterpretation of natural phenomena, or of man-made vehicles, as well as deceptive mental phenomena.

In the same time, we have not to forget the great distance from reality to the stories reported about it, interposing (unconsciously!) images seen elsewhere, perhaps in a dream, screen memories, all embellished, filtered, rearranged in a logical and socially convenient order, to match beliefs or prejudices, self delusions, wishful thinking, compulsions or even sexual fantasies, all deeply embedded into the subconscious. These mechanisms are acquired starting with our earliest moments of life and continuing with language, family, religion, environment, social pressure, school, science, media etc. This can change completely what we perceive. Of course, that does not mean the witnesses have not seen anything! Behind their stories, most (if not all) of them went through real and strange experiences.

The scientific method brings additional issues. Science admits only truths that: persist over time and can be inspected by any interested person, possibly in an experiment. Often science also demands that the observations be quantifiable. But, around us, there are so many phenomena which do not meet these conditions. Sometimes we are “culturally hypnotized” to not see them.

Science often speaks of “laws of nature”. We do not know any of these laws, but only the laws of Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, etc. which are “falsifiable”, as underlined epistemologist Karl Popper. So statements like: “it was scientifically proven that X can not exist”, or “that Y must exist”, have no logical foundation. An example is that classical: “it is scientifically impossible, therefore please do not bother me with alleged facts”.

Ufology can not be entirely a science; it can not bring abductions in to the laboratory, nor can it present a UFO, on demand, to any sceptic. But the fact that ufology is not a science does not diminish its importance and also it would be desirable to not diminish its respectability. When people from different countries, cultures and religions, with different backgrounds and occupations, are reporting the same story, with dozens of details that are consistent – despite the fact that these persons have never known each other and have not read any of the dedicated UFO literature – that means we face no more a fantasy or pure coincidences but a real phenomenon. Applying appropriate statistical operations, ufology can try to strip the primary perception of observations by the many cultural veils placed on it, even if this endeavour will never be perfect.

In conclusion, UFO research should concentrate on: gathering as more testimonies as possible, developing methods of removing cultural filtering, and using good statistical instruments.

Another issue is that science is not the only way of knowing, even if it claims that. Science, religions, folklore, paranormal studies, ufology etc. touch, each by its own means and in its “light zone”, an extremely complex reality; and often one part denies the truths of the others. To overcome this limitation, we all must learn, in a pluralistic approach, to respect all truths, as long as we cannot refute them, by obvious facts, not only by theories. Therefore we all should accept the truths of others, even if they contradict our own truths. And we should remain always open to dialogue. It is the only way to ascend to the higher truths we are searching for.

RL: Dan, thank you for taking the time to answer my questions and good look (luck?) with your new book UFOs OVER ROMANIA.

For more information about the book, visit: flyingdiskpress.blogspot.co.uk

The book can be purchased at Amazon.com.

{ http://www.niburu.nl/categorie/ufo/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 21:40 Stuur door

Diamond UFO Over Trees Startle Onlookers In Veracruz, Mexico On Sept 29, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Diamond UFO Over Trees Startle Onlookers In Veracruz, Mexico On Sept 29, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Apollo%252C%2Bglove%252C%2Bancient%252C%2Bconspiracy%252C%2BUFO%252C%2BUFOs%252C%2Bsighting%252C%2Bsightings%252C%2BW56%252C%2Baliens%252C%2Bbase%252C%2Bmoon%252C%2Blunar%252C%2BBigelow%2BAerospace%252C%2Bphil%2Bplait%252C%2Bbad%2Bastronomer%252C%2Banomaly%252C%2BMars%252C%2BAnomalies%252C%2Bjapan%252C%2BAstrobiology%252C%2BDavid%2BIcke%252C%2BHessdalen%252C%2Bbiology%252C%2Bovni%252C%2Bdisclosure%252C%2B3.png

Apollo%252C%2Bglove%252C%2Bancient%252C%2Bconspiracy%252C%2BUFO%252C%2BUFOs%252C%2Bsighting%252C%2Bsightings%252C%2BW56%252C%2Baliens%252C%2Bbase%252C%2Bmoon%252C%2Blunar%252C%2BBigelow%2BAerospace%252C%2Bphil%2Bplait%252C%2Bbad%2Bastronomer%252C%2Banomaly%252C%2BMars%252C%2BAnomalies%252C%2Bjapan%252C%2BAstrobiology%252C%2BDavid%2BIcke%252C%2BHessdalen%252C%2Bomni%252C%2Bovni%252C%2BMartian%252C%2Bdisclosure%252C%2B3.png
Date of sighting: Sept 29, 2016
Location of sighting: Veracruz, Mexico

This diamond UFO was seen today over Mexico and surprised some eyewitnesses as you can see from the video. The UFO is staying low over the treetops to try to keep out of view, but still be able to scan and record its scientific data. 

Scott C. Waring

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 21:30 Stuur door

Crop Circle Found In Prudentópolis, Paraná, Brazil On Sept 27, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Crop Circle Found In Prudentópolis, Paraná, Brazil On Sept 27, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Apollo%252C%2Bglove%252C%2Bancient%252C%2Bconspiracy%252C%2BUFO%252C%2BUFOs%252C%2Bsighting%252C%2Bsightings%252C%2BW56%252C%2Baliens%252C%2Bbase%252C%2Bmoon%252C%2Blunar%252C%2BBigelow%2BAerospace%252C%2Bphil%2Bplait%252C%2Bbad%2Bastronomer%252C%2Banomaly%252C%2BMars%252C%2BAnomalies%252C%2Bjapan%252C%2BAstrobiology%252C%2BDavid%2BIcke%252C%2BHessdalen%252C%2Bcrop%2Bcircle%252C%2BBrazil%252C%2Bdisclosure%252C%2B3.png
Date of discovery: Sept 27, 2016
Location of discovery: Prudentopolis, Parana, Brazil

This crop formation was found in a farmers field in Brazil two days ago. Notice that the reeds are bent 100% flat and in the same direction. Most the time, formations have swirls in the flattened reeds, but not this one. This one is unique. These places could be the location of a ship landing and analysing the soil, seed and the genetic makeup of the seed, which may have been artificially made to grow more and make more profits. This could also be a message sent through subspace aimed to reach us and test our intelligence, to see if we are ready for contact. Sadly we don't have an arial view of the full crop formation...drone footage would be perfect. 

Scott C. Waring

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 21:26 Stuur door

Do Black Holes Die?

Do Black Holes Die?

Do Black Holes Die?
Black holes are galactic monsters with voracious appetites: Once something crosses the monster's event horizon (the black center region in this computer-simulated image of a supermassive black hole), it doesn't come out.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and D. Coe, J. Anderson, and R. van der Marel (STScI)

There are some things in the universe that you simply can't escape. Death. Taxes. Black holes. If you time it right, you can even experience all three at once.

Black holes are made out to be uncompromising monsters, roaming the galaxies, voraciously consuming anything in their path. And their name is rightly deserved: Once you fall in, once you cross the terminator line of the event horizon, you don't come out. Not even light can escape their clutches.

But in movies, the scary monster has a weakness, and if black holes are the galactic monsters, then surely they have a vulnerability. Right?

In the 1970s, theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking made a remarkable discovery of a secret buried under the complex mathematical intersection of gravity and quantum mechanics: Black holes glow, ever so slightly, and given enough time, they eventually dissolve. [Hawking Wants to Power Earth With Mini Black Holes: Crazy or Legit?]

Wow! Fantastic news! The monster can be slain! But how? How does this so-called Hawking radiation work?

Well, general relativity, which describes how gravity behaves, is a supercomplicated mathematical theory. Quantum mechanics is just as complicated. It's a little unsatisfying to respond to "How?" with "A bunch of math," so here's the standard explanation: The vacuum of space is filled with virtual particles, little effervescent pairs of particles that pop into and out of existence, stealing some energy from the vacuum to exist for the briefest of moments, only to collide with each other and evaporate, returning to nothingness.

Every once in a while, a pair of these particles pops into existence near an event horizon, with one partner falling in and the other free to escape. Unable to collide and evaporate, the escapee goes on its merry way as a normal nonvirtual particle.

Voilà! The black hole appears to glow as particles and radiation escape. In doing the work to separate a virtual particle pair and promote one of them into normal status, the black hole gives up some of its own mass. Subtly, slowly, over the eons, black holes dissolve. Not so black anymore, huh?

Here's the thing: I don't find that answer especially satisfying, either. For one, that explanation does not appear in Hawking's original 1974 paper which unveiled the process, and for another, it's just a bunch of jargon that fills up a couple of paragraphs but doesn't really go a long way in explaining this behavior. It's not necessarily wrong, just … incomplete.

Let's dig in. It'll be fun.

First things first: "Virtual particles" are neither virtual nor particles. In quantum field theory — scientists' modern conception of the way particles and forces work — every kind of particle is associated with a fieldthat permeates all of space-time. These fields aren't just simple bookkeeping devices; they are active and alive. In fact, they're more important than particles themselves. You can think of particles as simply excitations — or "vibrations" or "pinched-off bits," depending on your mood — of the underlying field.

Sometimes, the fields start wiggling, and those wiggles travel from one place to another. That's what we call a "particle." When the electron field wiggles, we get an electron. When the electromagnetic field wiggles, we get a photon. You get the idea.

Sometimes, however, those wiggles don't really go anywhere. They fizzle out before they get to do something interesting. Space-time is full of the constantly fizzling fields.

What does this have to do with black holes? Well, when one forms, some of the fizzling quantum fields can get trapped — some permanently, appearing within the newfound event horizon. Fields that fizzled near the event horizon end up surviving and escaping. But due to the intense gravitational time dilation — which says that the faster you travel, the more time seems to slow down — near the black hole, they appear to come out much, much later in the future. [8 Ways You Can See Einstein's Theory of Relativity in Real Life]

In their complex interaction and partial entrapment with the newly forming black hole, the temporarily fizzling fields get "promoted" to become normal, everyday ripples — in other words, particles.

So Hawking radiation isn't so much about particles popping into existence near a present-day black hole, but rather the result of a complex interaction at the birth of a black hole that persists until today. You can think of that complex interaction as preventing the black hole from ever growing to its maximum possible extent — even at its birth it was doomed to disappear.

One way or the other, as far as we can tell, black holes do dissolve. I emphasize the "as far as we can tell" bit because, as I said at the beginning, generality is all sorts of hard, and quantum field theory is a beast. Put the two together, and there's bound to be some mathematical misunderstanding.

But with that caveat, we can still look at the numbers, and those numbers tell us we don't have to worry about black holes dying anytime soon. A black hole with the mass of the sun will last a wizened 10^67 years. Considering that the current age of our universe is a paltry 13.8 * 10^9 years, that's a good amount of time. But if you happened to turn the Eiffel Tower into a black hole, it would evaporate in only about a day. I don't know why you would, but there you go.

Learn more by listening to the episode "Do black holes die?" on the Ask A Spaceman podcast, available on iTunes and on the Web at http://www.askaspaceman.com. Thanks to Andy, Rowan H., @MarkRiepe, @ChattaboxReilly, and @Just_Rachel for the questions that led to this piece! Ask your own question on Twitter using #AskASpaceman or by following Paul @PaulMattSutter and facebook.com/PaulMattSutter.

 { http://www.livescience.com/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 01:01 Stuur door

Beyond Balloons: 8 Unusual Facts about Helium

Beyond Balloons: 8 Unusual Facts about Helium

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 00:50 Stuur door

Mysterious Branch of Humanity Possibly Discovered

Mysterious Branch of Humanity Possibly Discovered

Mysterious Branch of Humanity Possibly Discovered
Researchers have found that Aboriginal Australians are some of the oldest living populations on Earth. Here, Eske Willerslev talks to Aboriginal elders n the Kalgoorlie area in southwestern Australia in 2012.
Credit: Preben Hjort, Mayday Film.

A group of humans migrating out of Africa some 40,000 to 70,000 years ago mingled with an as-yet unknown branch of humanity, researchers say.

Modern humans originated about 150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa. However, scientists have long debated when and how the modern human lineage spread out of Africa to nearly every corner of the globe. Nearly everyone outside Africa descended from an exodus that occurred between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago, but recent archaeological findings and climate models suggest that migrations of modern humans from Africa began at least 100,000 years ago.

One way to find out whether, in the past, modern humans dispersed from Africa in one wave or many — and to see if they intermingled with any other human lineages along the way — is to examine the genomes of present-day modern humans. [See Photos of Our Closest Human Ancestor]

We're interested in understanding how our species has come to be how it is through the lens of ancient DNA," said Swapan Mallick, bioinformatics director at Harvard Medical School in Boston and lead author of one of the three studies appearing in the Sept. 22 issue of the journal Nature.

Previous human genetic databases often sampled a relatively narrow range of populations, which could skew results or miss key details aboutthe migrations of modern humans out of Africa. Now, three studies have collected new, high-quality data from 787 human genomes from more than 280 geographically diverse populations around the world, including typically understudied and rapidly disappearing groups.

Among the understudied groups researchers looked at are African populations, which have considerable genetic, linguistic and cultural diversity. They also examined genomes from Australia, where previous research uncovered some of the earliest archaeological and fossil evidence of modern humans outside Africa.

The genetic analyses revealed the genomes of present-day aboriginal Australians might harbor evidence of ancient interbreeding with an unknown human lineage.

"Who these people are, we don't know," said Eske Willerslev at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, and senior author of one of the three studies.

Previous research unearthed bones from a mysterious extinct branch of the human family tree from Denisova cave in Siberia's Altai Mountains. Analysis of DNA extracted from the fossils suggested these "Denisovans" shared a common origin with Neanderthals, but were nearly as genetically distinct from Neanderthals as Neanderthals were from living people. [Denisovan Gallery: Tracing the Genetics of Human Ancestors]

Recent work suggested that Denisovans have contributed about 5 percent of their DNA to the genomes of present-day people of the Pacific islands of Oceania. However, these new findings suggest that what seemed to be evidence of Denisovans in the Pacific were actually signs of an unknown human lineage.

"These guys were very distantly related to Denisovans, but by no means Denisovan," Willerslev told Live Science. "They were even more distantly related to Neanderthals, and they might have been even more distantly related to modern humans. We believe that they interbred with modern humans shortly before modern humans crossed into the ancient continent of Sahul — what is now Australia, New Guinea and Tasmania — some 50,000 to 60,000 years ago."

The new findings also shed light on the controversy over whether modern humans dispersed from Africa in a single exodus or in multiple distinct waves at different times. When it came to people from Papua New Guinea, "we could discover, in the genomes of the Papuan individuals analyzed here, small traces of an additional, early expansion out of Africa that was previously hypothesized only from archaeological remains," Mait Metspalu, an evolutionary geneticist at the Estonian Biocenter in Tartu, Estonia, and senior author of one of the three studies, told Live Science.

The researchers suggest that at least 2 percent of the Papuan genome harbors traces of an early migration that happened about 120,000 years ago. Previous research suggested that non-Africans largely descend from an exodus that happened between 40,000 and 70,000 years ago.

"Our results, while for the most part confirming the already accepted model of a single expansion out of Africa as the source event of all non-African populations, show that additional expansions were not as unlikely as we thought," Luca Pagani, a molecular anthropologist at the Estonian Biocenter and lead author of one of the three studies, told Live Science.

The scientists also discovered that aboriginal Australians "are one of the oldest living populations on Earth, and have been in the same area for the past 50,000 to 60,000 years," Willerslev said.

There was a great deal of controversy "over whether or not aboriginal Australians directly descend from the first humans entering Australia," Willerslev said. "The answer to that question is yes — our data is completely consistent with aboriginal Australians descending from the first humans to enter Australia. It shows a very long connection between those people and the land. [How Did Life Arise on Earth]

"I can't think of any other place in the world where humans have been so long in the same spot as Australia," Willerslev said. "Yes, there are populations in Africa that are older, but we have no idea if they stayed in the same area in Africa for as long a time."

This is the first comprehensive population-level whole-genome study of human genetic diversity in Australia. "We found that because aboriginal Australians have spent such a long time in Australia, they are very genetically diverse," Willerslev said. "An aboriginal Australian from eastern Australia and one from southwestern Australia are almost as different genetically as an Asian is from a European."

The researchers noted that about 90 percent of aboriginal Australians speak languages belonging to a single linguistic family, "but some people in northwest Australia speak other language families," Willerslev said. "It'd be very interesting to see what the story is there when it comes to how they migrated to Australia."

Original article on Live Science.

{ http://www.livescience.com/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:49 Stuur door

5,000-Year-Old Swirling Rock Art in Scotland Remains a Mystery

5,000-Year-Old Swirling Rock Art in Scotland Remains a Mystery

5,000-Year-Old Swirling Rock Art in Scotland Remains a Mystery
The Cochno Stone, which dates back to around 3000 B.C., contains a type of artwork called "cup and ring marks."
Credit: University of Glasgow

Archaeologists in Glasgow, Scotland, briefly excavated and then reburied a 5,000-year-old slab of stone that contains incised swirling geometric decorations.

The Cochno Stone, which measures 43 feet by 26 feet (13 by 8 meters), contains swirling decorations, also called "cup and ring marks." The stone and its decorations have been known to people in the area since at least the 19th century. Decorations similar to these swirls have been found atother prehistoric sites around the world; however, the examples incised in the Cochno Stone are considered to comprise "one of the best examples" of such art in Europe, according to a statement by the University of Glasgow, which led the new study.

The stone slab was fully unearthed in West Dunbartonshire by Rev. James Harvey in 1887. By 1965, the stone had been vandalized with graffiti and damaged by the elements, so a team of archaeologists buried it beneath the dirt in order to protect the artwork . This summer's two-week re-excavation allowed archaeologists to use modern-day surveying and photography techniques to better record the artwork.  [Gallery: Aerial Photos Reveal Mysterious Stone Structures]

For instance, digital-scanning and mapping experts from the Factum Foundation used cutting-edge 3D-imaging technology to make a detailed digital record of the site, according to the university statement.

The huge stone was recently unearthed in Scotland so that archaeologists could use modern techniques to study it.
The huge stone was recently unearthed in Scotland so that archaeologists could use modern techniques to study it.
Credit: University of Glasgow

The re-excavation also revealed 19th- and 20th-century graffiti etched alongside the swirls, as well as painted lines intentionally made by an archaeologist named Ludovic Maclellan Mann, who worked at the site in 1937. Mann painted lines on the Cochno Stone to help measure the prehistoric artwork and see if there was a link to astronomical phenomena, such as eclipses.

Mann "was trying to prove that the symbols could predict eclipses and were marking movements of the sun and moon in prehistory," said Kenny Brophy, an archaeologist and senior lecturer at the University of Glasgow, in a video released by the university. He said that Mann's own data ended up disproving the archeologist's theory.

The meaning of the artwork is still unknown, said Brophy, adding that the vast amount of data gathered this summer may, in time, allow archaeologists to better understand the artifact. He said that the graffiti is also of interest and will help archaeologists better understand what people who lived in the local area thought of the artwork during the 19th and 20th centuries and how they incorporated it into their lives.

While archaeologists had to rebury the swirling prehistoric artwork in order to protect it, Brophy said he hopes that one day it will be possible to create an area where the rock art can be permanently revealed for both tourists and people in the local area to see. Funding will have to be obtained to build a protective area and visitors centre so that people can view the prehistoric artwork without damaging it.   

"It is emotional when you have worked on a project such as this, touched it, walked on it and closely examined it, to then rebury it. But for now, that is what we have to do to protect it from the elements," Brophy said in the statement. "Perhaps in the future, this site could be turned into a major tourist attraction in Scotland, with a visitor center — who knows?"

Original article on Live Science.

{ http://www.livescience.com/ }

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:43 Stuur door

Photo Timeline: How the Earth Formed

Photo Timeline: How the Earth Formed

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 22:33 Stuur door

It’s Official: We’re Going to Mars

It’s Official: We’re Going to Mars

 
mars.JPG
NASA/JPL-Caltech
IN BRIEF
A bipartisan bill was passed by the U.S. Senate committee that oversees NASA space projects. The bill would allocate $19.5 billion in funds to NASA in 2017, but it has a critical mission for the space agency: send men to Mars.

FUNDS ARE ON THE WAY

It looks like Republican and Democratic senators alike are keen on safeguarding America’s space programs. With the potential chaos of a new president on the horizon, the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation passed a bipartisan bill giving NASA $19.5 billion to continue working on a mission to Mars. It also includes support for the continuation of the program to send astronauts on private rockets to the International Space Station (ISS) from American soil no later than 2018.

“We have seen in the past the importance of stability and predictability in NASA and space exploration – that whenever one has a change in administration, we have seen the chaos that can be caused by the cancellation of major programs,” Republican Senator Ted Cruz, lead sponsor of the bill, commented. “The impact in terms of jobs lost, the impact in terms of money wasted has been significant.”

The NASA Transition Authorization Act of 2016 includes an overall authorization level of $19.508 billion for fiscal year 2017, but it still needs to be passed by the Senate as a whole, of course. The budget allotted is the same as what was approved by House appropriators and a bit more than the version released by the Senate Appropriations Committee. The Obama administration, likewise, proposed $19 billion in funding for NASA.

Credits: NASA Credits: NASA

MAKING IT RAIN, NASA-STYLE

The Senate is not giving NASA money just for the sake of exploration. It is also a challenge, a mandate, actually. The bill requires that NASA make it an official goal to send crewed missions to Mars in the next 25 years.

The bill allocates funds for different components: $4.5 billion on exploration, nearly $5 billion for space operations, and $5.4 billion for science. It also does not scrap NASA’s controversial plans to send men on asteroids and collect samples by 2021. It does, however, require the space agency to regularly send progress reports to Congress, justifying its $1.4 billion cost. 

“Fifty-five years after President Kennedy challenged the nation to put a man on the moon, the Senate is challenging NASA to put humans on Mars. The priorities that we’ve laid out for NASA in this bill mark the beginning of a new era of American spaceflight,” said an optimistic Florida Sen. Bill Nelson, senior Democrat on the Commerce panel. 

The bipartisan support behind the new bill shows that space exploration is an issue that all parties can agree is vital to our growth as a nation and a species. Now we just have to wait to see if it passes the Senate.

Hoe vind je dit bericht?
Geschreven door peter om 21:28 Stuur door

Meer van UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

↑ Terug naar de berichten