DEFORMED DISC OF GAS AND DUST IN THE ORION CONSTELLATION COULD BIRTH EVEN WEIRDER PLANETS

IN THE INFINITE COSMOS, PLANETS ARE BIRTHED FROM THE SWIRLING DISC OF GAS AND DUST THAT FORM AROUND YOUNG STARS.

In our own Solar System, this disc was relatively stable and flat, resulting in Earth and other planets of the Solar System all orbiting on the same plane.

But not all planets may be so lucky. Recent observations of a strangely warped disc in the Orion constellation reveal it was likely torn apart by its own stars — a catastrophic process. The disfigured disc may in turn give rise to even stranger planets, a new study suggests.

The new finding is detailed in a study published Thursday in the journal Science.

Using the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope (ESO’s VLT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA,) a team of astronomers found the first direct evidence that stars can tear apart the planet-forming, or circumstellar, disc that surrounds them. The result is a broken-apart disc with a misaligned inner ring, where a giant planet may soon form.

Stefan Kraus, an astrophysics professor at the University of Exeter and lead author of the new study, has been observing the star system for more than a decade.

"It’s one of the very few star systems where we know all the orbits of the stars of the system, and we know all their properties," Kraus tells Inverse. "Since we know the specific orbits that the stars are on, we can simulate what happened."

The GW Orionis star system is made up of three stars, and is located 1300 lightyears away from Earth in the constellation of Orion.

The three stars do not orbit in the same plane. Rather, their orbits are misaligned with one another and with the circumstellar disc that surrounds them.

Based on what they already knew about the star system, the team behind the new study combined observations with computer simulations to reconstruct what happened over the lifetime of GW Orionis. The simulation revealed that the stars had torn apart their disc themselves due to their conflicting gravitational pull, with each one pulling on the disc in a different direction.

"We started with the disc, then we put in the orbits of the stars that we measured over 11 years to see how the system evolved," Kraus says. "And it shows that the tearing effect is kicking in and is tearing the disc apart."

The circumstellar disc was broken apart into smaller rings in the simulation, which matches the astronomers' observations of the star system.

Astronomers had long theorized this disc-tearing effect may occur, but this marks the first time the effect has been observed in a real star system.

ARE THERE EXOPLANETS IN ORION? — Interestingly, the inner ring of the disc contains at least 30 Earth-masses of dust, which could be enough to form planets.

"The intriguing thing is that the planets that would form there would be on completely tilted and highly eccentric orbits," Kraus says. "It’s a new mechanism of forming planets."

The researchers have already scheduled future observations of the star system to image it in more detail, and find out if planets could form within the inner region of the disc so close to the stars.

Abstract: 

Young stars are surrounded by a circumstellar disk of gas and dust, within which planet formation can occur. Gravitational forces in multiple star systems can disrupt the disk. Theoretical models predict that if the disk is misaligned with the orbital plane of the stars, the disk should warp and break into precessing rings, a phenomenon known as disk tearing. We present observations of the triple star system GW Orionis, finding evidence for disk tearing. Our images show an eccentric ring that is misaligned with the orbital planes and the outer disk. The ring casts shadows on a strongly warped intermediate region of the disk. If planets can form within the warped disk, disk tearing could provide a mechanism for forming wide-separation planets on oblique orbits.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

NEURALINK: 3 NEUROSCIENTISTS REACT TO ELON MUSK’S BRAIN CHIP REVEAL

WHAT DOES THE FUTURE LOOK LIKE FOR HUMANS AND MACHINES? 

Elon Musk would argue that it involves wiring brains directly up to computers – but neuroscientists tell Inverse that's easier said than done.

On August 28, Musk and his team unveiled the latest updates from secretive firm Neuralink with a demo featuring pigs implanted with their brain chip device. These chips are called Links, and they measure 0.9 inches wide by 0.3 inches tall. They connect to the brain via wires, and provide a battery life of 12 hours per charge, after which the user would need to wirelessly charge again. During the demo, a screen showed the real-time spikes of neurons firing in the brain of one pig, Gertrude, as she snuffed around her pen during the event.

It was an event designed to show how far Neuralink has come in terms of making its science objectives reality. But how much of Musk's ambitions for Links are still in the realm of science fiction?

Neuralink argues the chips will one day have medical applications, listing a whole manner of ailments that its chips could feasibly solve. Memory loss, depression, seizures, and brain damage were all suggested as conditions where a generalized brain device like the Link could help.

Ralph Adolphs, Bren Professor of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Biology at California Institute of Technology, tells Inverse Neuralink's announcement was "tremendously exciting" and "a huge technical achievement."

Neuralink is "a good example of technology outstripping our current ability to know how to use it," Adolphs says. "The primary initial application will be for people who are ill and for clinical reasons it is justified to implant such a chip into their brain. It would be unethical to do so right now in a healthy person."

"But who knows what the future holds?" He adds.

Adolphs says the chip is comparable to the natural processes that emerge through evolution. Currently, to interface between the brain and the world, humans use their hands and mouth. But to imagine just sitting and thinking about these actions is a lot harder, so a lot of the future work will need to focus on making this interface with the world feel more natural, Adolphs says.

Achieving that goal could be further out than the Neuralink demo suggested. John Krakauer, chief medical and scientific officer at MindMaze and professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University, tells Inverse that his view is humanity is "still a long way away" from consumer-level linkups.

"Let me give a more specific concern: The device we saw was placed over a single sensorimotor area," Krakauer says. "If we want to read thoughts rather than movements (assuming we knew their neural basis) where do we put it? How many will we need? How does one avoid having one’s scalp studded with them? No mention of any of this of course."

While a brain linkup may get people "excited" because it "has echoes of Charles Xavier in the X-Men," Krakauer argues that there's plenty of potential non-invasive solutions to help people with the conditions Neuralink says its technology will treat.

These existing solutions don't require invasive surgery, but Krakauer fears "the cool factor clouds critical thinking."

But Elon Musk, Neuralink's CEO, wants the Link to take humans far beyond new medical treatments.

The ultimate objective, according to Musk, is for Neuralink to help create a symbiotic relationship between humans and computers. Musk argues that Neuralink-like devices could help humanity keep up with super-fast machines. But Krakauer finds such an ambition troubling.

"I would like to see less unsubstantiated hype about a brain 'Alexa' and interfacing with A.I.," Krakauer says. "The argument is if you can’t avoid the singularity, join it. I’m sorry but this angle is just ridiculous."

Even a general-purpose linkup could be much further away from development than it may seem. Musk told WaitButWhy in 2017 that a general-purpose linkup could be eight to 10 years away for people with no disability. That would place the timescale for roll-out somewhere around 2027 at the latest — seven years from now.

Kevin Tracey, a neurosurgery professor and president of the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, tells Inverse that he "can't imagine" that any of the publicly suggested diseases could see a solution "sooner than 10 years." Considering that Neuralink hopes to offer the device as a medical solution before it moves to more general-purpose implants, these notes of caution cast the company's timeline into doubt.

But unlike Krakauer, Tracey argues that "we need more hype right now." Not enough attention has been paid to this area of research, he says.

"In the United States for the last 20 years, the federal government's investment supporting research hasn't kept up with inflation," Tracey says. "There's been this idea that things are pretty good and we don't have to spend so much money on research. That's nonsense. COVID proved we need to raise enthusiasm and investment."

Neuralink's device is just one part of the brain linkup puzzle, Tracey explains. There are three fields at play: molecular medicine to make and find the targets, neuroscience to understand how the pathways control the target, and the devices themselves. Advances in each area can help the others. Neuralink may help map new pathways, for example, but it's just one aspect of what needs to be done to make it work as planned.

Neuralink's smaller chips may also help avoid issues with brain scarring seen with larger devices, Tracey says. And advancements in robots can also help with surgeries, an area Neuralink has detailed before.

But perhaps the biggest benefit from the announcement is making the field cool again.

"If and to the extent that a new, very cool device elevates the discussion on the neuroscience implications of new devices, and what do we need to get these things to the benefit of humanity through more science, that's all good," Tracey says.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

Acoustic research using a scale model one-twelfth the size of Stonehenge (above) finds that the completed monument would have magnified speech and improved musical sounds, but only for those inside the stone circle.

ACOUSTICS RESEARCH CENTRE/UNIV. OF SALFORD

Questions or comments on this article? E-mail us at feedback@sciencenews.org

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

In the year 221 BC, the man called Qin Shi Huang had accomplished what no one had ever done before. His powerful Qin dynasty had managed to conquer the various warring states that had for centuries fought each other and from the ashes and destruction was able to unify China for the first time in its history. Rather than name himself “king,” he would be the first to proclaim himself Emperor of this new unified China, becoming the first Emperor and setting the stage for what all future leaders would call themselves for the next 2,000 years. Under Qin Shi Huang’s rule, China saw rapid and immense expansion, major economic and political reforms, an ambitious national road system, as well as architectural marvels such as the Lingqu Canal and famously the Great Wall of China. Yet for as many as he had conquered and subjugated there was one enemy that he knew he could not escape, and that was death itself. However, Emperor Qin Shi Huang was not about to let death get in the way of his plans to rule eternally, and to him death was another enemy that could be beat.

Just as important to this formidable leader as building his country up was his obsession with immortality, and to live forever was a goal that absolutely consumed him over his lifetime. Qin Shi Huang was convinced that immortality was possible through a concoction of special herbs, plants, and other ingredients, and he surrounded himself with his own personal herbalists, doctors, scholars, magicians, wise men, and alchemists, all on hand to advise him on what he needed in order to achieve his goal of eternal life. It was not the first time a Chinese leader had sought a mythical elixir of immortality, but Qin Shi Huang really took it to new levels. He had already managed to install a surprisingly advanced medical system for its time, with all manner of innovative treatments and medicines developed under his rule, but this was not enough for the Emperor. He did not want to be healed or cured, he wanted to never have to be healed or cured ever again.

In order to find what he was looking for, the Emperor sent out men to every corner of the country, scouring the wilderness and remote villages of the land in search of the elusive key to immortality. Bamboo strips with historical records on them even indicate that he issued an executive decree that the secret to immortality be found, and so every village and city across the empire was tasked with the responsibility of fulfilling this order with haste. Indeed, the executive decree proclaimed that finding immortality was the top priority, and that everyone should drop whatever else they were doing in order to pursue it. The race was on to find the secret to immortality, and the people, both the upper class and commoners alike, toiled away looking for that one key ingredient that would allow a potion of eternal life to be created. There are records showing that some villages apologized to the Emperor for not being able to find what he was looking for and promising they would increase their efforts, while on occasion some remote outpost would report that they had found a promising herb, flower, or mushroom. However, the most promising response came from a magician who lived at a place called Zhifu Island.

The magician was called Xu Fu, and he had quite the story to tell. According to him, there was a secret cabal of eight immortals who lived away from civilization on a mysterious island called Penglai, and that they had long ago discovered the secrets to immortality. In fact, Xu Fu claimed that those immortals had been living there on that remote island for hundreds of years, led by a 1,000 year old sorcerer by the name of Anqi Sheng, and the best part was that he knew where they were and how to find them. Qin Shi Huang was convinced that Xu Fu knew what he was talking about, and he made immediate preparations to travel to Zhifu island, where he offered the magician a huge harem of 6,000 women and a fleet of ships to offer the immortals in exchange for their services. Xu Fu told the Emperor that the immortals would only speak with him, and so he promised to travel out to the mysterious island and return with the elixir of immortality. And so Emperor Qin Shi Huang stood at the sea watching the fleet of ships and the magician Xu Fu sail off over the horizon, after which he needed only wait. And wait some more, for years on end.

Xu Fu never did return, and the theory is that he either got lost at sea or took off with the free harem and ships, but others have speculated that Xu Fu did indeed find the island and its immortals, and decided to stay and join them, or that he even fled to Japan. Whatever the case may be, the years went on and Xu Fu never came back, and so Emperor Qin Shi Huang was left without his promised elixir of life, and was back to scouring the land looking for it. This mission became even more urgent when he was almost killed in an assassination attempt, and he doubled his efforts to find the elusive elixir he sought even as he became more reclusive, hiding behind his palace walls and in constant paranoia. He sent out a group of his best men to try and find the island of Penglai, but they were never able to find it. In fact, only one of the men returned, and he would say that although he had found the island, he had seen no sign of the purported colony of immortals.

Qin Shi Huang took to taking various remedies offered to him, including one called cinnabar, basically mercury sulfide, which was supposed to prolong his life as he searched for immortality, but in fact did just the opposite. Mercury is something many readers will recognize as a dangerous, poisonous substance that one should not ingest, and so the Emperor became weak and sick as time passed. As this was going on, a meteor crashed near the lower reaches of the Yellow River and someone had then inscribed into it the sinister warning “The First Emperor will die and his land will be divided.” Qin Shi Huang became so furious, frustrated, and suspicious of his advisors, who he had now come to believe were trying to poison him, that he had many of them executed. In the meantime, realizing that he was not long for this world and that it was very likely he was not ever going to get his elixir, he had built an immense, sprawling underground mausoleum built and populated by 8,000 terracotta warriors and horses in order to serve as his residence in the afterlife. He would need it when he eventually did of mercury poisoning at the age of 39. The complex is as mysterious as it is huge, and has still not been completely explorer or excavated.

In the void left behind by the death of “The Immortal Emperor,” there was immediately civil war as factions squabbled over the scraps, leading to the formation of the Han Dynasty that would be the second imperial dynasty of China. It is ironic that his own quest to live forever likely contributed to his early demise, and all of this remains a very curious historical oddity that stands out as something as if from some fantasy story. The quest for immortality is still alive within us, but perhaps no one in history has pursued it with such passion and resolve as Qin Shi Huang. One wonders if he in the afterlife regretted what had happened or if he embraced his new role, but these are things we will ever know. It remains a grand tale melding history, madness, and a touch of the paranormal.

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

If traveling down a dark road at night isn’t creepy enough, imagine having something mysterious jump right in front of your car. That’s exactly what happened one night recently — a driver was traveling down a road in Falmouth, Maine, when a dark shadow darted across the street directly in front of the vehicle.

At first, the driver thought that it was a deer that ran quickly across the road, but after reviewing the dash cam footage, it’s apparent that it was not a deer. So, what exactly was it? Nobody seems to know for sure what the shadowy, transparent figure could be.

Those who have seen the video are also confused as to what it actually was. While some believe that it was a fisher cat, others are convinced that it was something supernatural. You can decide for yourself as the video was posted on 207 Paranormal’s Facebook page which can be viewed here as well as here.

Mysterious things happen on dark roads.

The state of Maine is no stranger to unexplained sightings. As a matter of fact, there have been quite a few Bigfoot sightings over the years.

Several sightings took place in the 1970s which included several hunters in Baxter State Park (Piscataquis County) who heard loud thumping sounds followed by a large tree crashing to the ground. A few years later, there were several sightings of a creature with a “monkey face” and looked like an ape that was close to Brunswick and Durham. Another witness reported seeing a “large, hairy creature, either dark brown or black, striding swiftly across the southbound lanes from the treed median to the woods on the right side of the road,” in Penobscot County.

The mid 1980s consisted of an alleged sighting in York County while a man was cutting wood and a creature was staring at him from about 30 feet away. Another occurred in Androscoggin County when two men were driving down a back road when they witnessed a “very hairy animal standing upright on the side of the road”. They said it was about 6 feet tall and weighed around 200 pounds.

Maine is full of alleged Bigfoot sightings.

Two sisters in Hancock County witnessed a creature standing on two feet with “very dark, shaggy hair” on a road in the late 1990s. The following year, a family was driving down a wooded area in Oxford County when they saw an upright creature “covered with long brown hair/fur” taking long strides into the woods.

In 2015, a trail camera in Waldo County captured a picture of a figure that “appears to be hiding behind a small fur tree,” but interestingly, the area is also rumored to be haunted. The following year in Oxford County, a couple noticed a large five-toed track that measured between 20-22 inches in length by 8-10 inches in width. Trees in that area were also broken which could have been a sign that a Bigfoot was around. Additional footprints – believed to be made by a juvenile Bigfoot – were reported that same year in York County.

Needless to say, Maine is full of mysteries with quite a few strange sightings from an unexplained shadow figure darting across a dark road, to numerous Bigfoot sightings, and even haunted locations.

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Steve Quayle: The Discoveries That Shocked Archaeologists... Earth's Ancient Giants

Steve Quayle: The Discoveries That Shocked Archaeologists… Earth’s Ancient Giants

COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Author Steve Quayle discussed the origins and historical accounts of giants.

A media phenomenon, Coast to Coast AM deals with UFOs, strange occurrences, life after death, and other unexplained (and often inexplicable) phenomena.

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

10 KM Alien Base On Legs Found In Crater On Mercury, Sept 2020, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: Sept 2020

Location of discovery: Planet Mercury

Source URl:

https://messenger.quickmap.io/?

extent=-1.6526664,-5.0345002,7.0176616,-0.336084&proj=5&layers=NrCMBYCYBoAZtA6JIE

5YGYn0QOwK4A2h0A3gL4C6lZVy4GWOSIGoArONkgcbdf0pA

I found another structure on Mercury today. The structure is in the center of a crater and has two long legs on each side of its square body. It has a dark circle on its top which is probably a window allowing some light to get in, but tinted because maybe the species likes it a bit dark. The maps ruler says this building is about 10km across. Thats huge. But the fact that it has legs is making me think that aliens use nature as their guide for innovations. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

The Earth might not remain habitable forever. It could get engulfed by a massive solar flare, or become too hot due to climate change, or have all its life wiped out by one enormous asteroid. What if I told you we could outlive all these disasters? And that we could do that by building a space megastructure bigger than the Sun itself?

The Alderson disk is such a (hypothetical) artificial space megastructure, like the Dyson sphere, that might one day become humanity's home. The disk is a giant platter with a thickness of several thousand miles, but what would life be like on a structure like that?

The Sun rests in the hole at the center of the disk. The outer perimeter of an Alderson disk would be roughly equivalent to the orbit of Mars or Jupiter. According to the proposal, a sufficiently large disk would have a larger mass than its Sun.

The hole would be surrounded by a thousand-mile-high wall to prevent the atmosphere from drifting into the Sun. The outer rim would take care of itself.

The mechanical stresses within the disc would be far beyond what any known material can stand, thus relegating such a structure to the realm of exploratory engineering until materials and construction science become sufficiently advanced.

Building a megastructure of this magnitude would require an amount of material that far surpasses the amount of material found in the Solar System.

Life could exist on either side of the disk, though close to the Sun the heat would make life impossible without protection. Conversely, farther away from the Sun living beings would freeze. Therefore, for the entirety of such a structure to be made habitable, it would have to include a vast number of life support systems. Even without such systems the habitable surface area would be an equivalent of tens of millions of Earths.

Because the Sun remains stationary, there is no day/night cycle, only a perpetual twilight. This could be solved by forcing the Sun to bob up and down within the disk, lighting first one side then the other.

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

*MUST SEE* Fast UFOs over Hastings, Michigan 1-Sep-2020

Here’s one really interesting UFO video filmed over Hastings, Michigan. This happened on 1st September 2020.

Witness report:

Possible UFO(s) streak across the sky and turn around. UAP flies seriously close and at a much faster rate than the ETV that pauses and then turns around and exits the frame. It appears as if the ETV changes its course because of the object that flies super close in proximity. Once the ETV turns, it seems to accelerate quickly and then exit the frame.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Filer’s Files 33, 2020 Fox Questions Trump on UFOs - PART I

 

Major George A. Filer III at 20 years old

New Jersey MUFON State Director

MUFON Eastern Region Director

In special reports, this week’s files cover: Soviet Plan to Attack US in 1986, Lou Dobbs Questions Trump About UFOs, Lebanon Attack or Accident, Musk Says ET Constructed the Pyramids, Jack Sarfatti claims Musk is wasting Money,UFO Metals and Construction, and Adolf Hitler’s Political Platform is Oddly Familiar Today

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, and Washington.

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Indonesia, Russia, and England in the United Kingdom.

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

Special Projects

Soviet Plan to Attack US in 1986

Soviet Typhoon class nuclear ballistic missile submarines

In June of 1986, the Soviet Union’s Submarine fleet conducted a massive buildup of nuclear missile submarines off the coasts of the United States. Gary Austin writes that he was part of the crew of a P-3 Orion aircraft.VP-24, Patrol Squadron that was part of the United States Navy anti-submarine warfare squadron that flew out of Bermuda to track Soviet subs.

P-3 Orion

Normally there would be one Soviet sub on station. This night they tracked two and the normal turnover was two weeks ago. He called his pilot and informed him of the sudden build up of the Soviet subs. The pilot climbed his aircraft and called Navy Headquarters and a ready crew was immediately launched. Two more aircraft were launched as soon as possible each picking up more ballistic nuclear missile submarines.

Soviet Typhoon class nuclear ballistic missile submarines are the largest in the world. Many subs can carry 16 to 20 nuclear tipped missiles such as the R-29 some with multiple warheads than could hit the US in a few minutes essentially without warning. The next morning the Bermuda Tarmac had 20 Orion aircraft to track the Soviet subs. Numerous Soviet subs were found and the P-3 hovered above them has Navy attack subs moved into position. The SS-N-8, with a range of 7,700 kilometers (4,200 nautical miles), entered service on the first Delta-I boat in 1972, before the Yankee class was even completed. A total of 43 Delta-class boats of all types entered service starting in 1972, with the SS-N-18 on the Delta III class and the R-29RM Shtil (SS-N-23) on the Delta IV class. The new missiles had increased range and eventually multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRV), multiple warheads that could each hit a different target in the United States. There were probably at least 50 Soviet Ballistic  missile subs in firing position with a thousand ballistic missiles where previously there had been only a few. The US Navy and Air Force confronted them with numerous air and sea weapons and the Soviets left for home on the surface of the ocean. A nuclear war was averted.

President Reagan and Gorbachev came together in 1988 and essentially the Cold War was over.  In 1990, I met with two Soviet KGB Colonels who explained their facilities were being attacked and destroyed by Triangle shaped craft with laser type weapons. They claimed Gorbachev was visited by alien beings who demanded the devolvement of the Soviet Union. The world had come too close to nuclear war to allow the Cold War to continue.

In 1988. President Reagan said, “Mr. Gorbachev deserves most of the credit, as the leader of his country.” The KGB said, President Reagan and later his Vice President, George H. W. Bush, who won the 1988 presidential election with Reagan’s support knew about the attacks.

Lou Dobbs Questions Trump About UFOs

Lou Dobbs of Fox Business Network discussed the nation’s UFO situation with President Donald Trump in an interview on Tuesday.

President Donald Trump called into Lou Dobbs’ show on Fox Business for a half-hour of flattery, and rants about their enemies on the left. Dobbs stated, “Your administration, you promised would be transparent and you have done your level best to do that despite the Deep State’s efforts to bury everything about as deeply as they could,” Dobbs said toward the end of Tuesday’s segment. “But I have one question as we conclude here.”

• Striking a very somber tone, Dobbs cut to a question about undocumented aliens from afar.
• “Actually a lot of my friends are very concerned about what the federal government is doing when it comes to UFOs,” Dobbs said “So if I could just ask you are we going to commit, are you going to commit more resources to exploring UFOs and open the documents to the public.”

• President Trump stated “Well I think probably in this country you are the UFO expert, so I’m going to be totally guided by the great Lou Dobbs and I will tell you that I will do whatever you ask me to do, including total transparency,” Trump said. “I got to tell you, there’s probably some pretty good transparency needed there, there’s no doubt about that.”
• Lapping up the praise and laughing gleefully, Dobbs said “Well Mr. President, I couldn’t have asked for a better answer and I’ll be calling your office soon to get that underway.” Thanks to Fox News

Lebanon Attack or Accident

Photo courtesy of MUFON com.

 Beirut — I am a retired physician who is interested in Physics and origin of humanity and the universe. I am well Read. This picture was forwarded to me from Lebanon and shows what appears to be a jet fighter flying over the site of the massive explosion that destroyed the Port of Beirut and portion of the city on August 4, 2020. Destruction was seen up to 15 miles around the site. It was heard in Cyprus 150 miles away. Several eye witness interviewed consistently said they heard a jet in the sky shortly before the explosion. In the center of the picture above the jet appears as s round dark object with a halo. I did not take the picture. It was published on line by an amateur. I shall contact the photographer and ask him to submit to me or you the actual digital picture. Editor’s Note: UFOs are often seen over scenes where death occurs suggesting they collect the energy, spirits, soul’s .or are curious.

  The explosion was the most powerful ever to rip through Beirut, leaving the port district a wreck of mangled masonry and disabling the main entry port for imports to feed a nation of more than 6 million people. Lebanese rescue workers dug through rubble on Wednesday (August 5) looking for survivors. Officials said the toll was expected to rise in a city still reeling from civil war three decades ago and reeling from an economic meltdown and a surge in coronavirus infections. By Samia Nakhoul

Initial investigations

BEIRUT (Reuters) – Initial investigations into the Beirut port blast indicate years of inaction and negligence over the storage of highly explosive material caused the explosion that killed more than 137 people.

The prime minister Tamman Salam and presidency have said that 2,750 tones of ammonium nitrate, used in fertilizers and bombs, brought in a disabled Russian ship had been stored for six years at the port without safety measures. “It is negligence,” the official source told Reuters, adding that the issue on storing the material safely had come before several committees and judges and “nothing was done” to order the material be removed or disposed of,

The source said a fire had started at port warehouse 9 on Tuesday and spread to warehouse 12, where the ammonium nitrate was stored. Another source close to a port employee said a team that inspected the material six months ago warned it could “blow up all of Beirut” if not removed.

Tuesday’s explosion was the most powerful ever suffered by Beirut, a city still scarred by civil war three decades ago and reeling from a deep financial crisis rooted in decades of corruption and economic mismanagement.

The head of Beirut port and the head of customs both said on Wednesday that several letters were sent to the judiciary asking for the dangerous material to be removed, but no action was taken.

Port General Manager Hassan Koraytem told OTV the material had been put in a warehouse on a court order, adding that they knew then the material was dangerous but “not to this degree”.

“We requested that it be re-exported but that did not happen. We leave it to the experts and those concerned to determine why,” Badri Daher, director general of Lebanese Customs, told broadcaster LBCI. The likely cause of the explosion at Beirut’s port was the gross incompetence of Lebanese authorities. The devastation could hasten Lebanon’s economic collapse and stoke unrest.

Musk Says ET Constructed the Pyramids

Elon Musk irked officials in Egypt when he suggested that extraterrestrials constructed the country’s iconic pyramids. The weirdness reportedly began on Friday when the mercurial SpaceX founder tweeted that it was obvious that “aliens built the pyramids.” Musk’s strange musings caught fire online as over a half-million people liked the conspiratorial tweet and tens-of-thousands of people on social media shared the extraterrestrial declaration.

Egypt’s former Minister of Antiquities, Zawi Hawass was less diplomatic, declaring to Musk that “what you said about the pyramids is completely hallucination.” He went on to point out several pieces of evidence which indicate that the construction of the structures was “a national project of the whole nation” during the reign of the pharaoh Khufu. Offering something of a conspiracy theory of his own, Hawass postulated that Musk’s tweet was simply an attempt at garnering attention.

As one can imagine, the Tesla CEO’s comments did not sit well with officials in Egypt, who have undoubtedly heard the theory countless times and insist that there is no scientific basis for such a claim. To that end, the country’s Minister of International Cooperation,

Rania al-Mashat, wrote that while she admires Musk’s work, she encouraged him to “explore the writings about how the pyramids were built and also to check out the tombs of the pyramid builders.”

For his part, Musk subsequently backed down from the alien assertion and shared a BBC article which he argued “provides a sensible summary for how” the pyramids were actually built by humans. The bizarre dust up is not the first time that the billionaire has made news by way of an odd extraterrestrial tweet as, back in January of 2019, he sparked headlines when he shared a meme which connected Neil Armstrong to aliens. While some might suspect that he may be tipping his hand about some kind of secret knowledge concerning the subject. Editor’s Note: Several contactees with various ETs have been told the original Giza pyramid was built by aliens

Jack Sarfatti claims Musk is wasting Money

 No you don’t get it. Tic Tac is part of my contact. My Tic Tac equations are from that contact. The evidence is now overwhelming. There is no alternative explanation that compares in plausibility using Bayesean inference.

On Aug 2, 2020, at 2:31 PM, Robert Addinall wrote: ‘Sure, you may have had a contact from an AI from Earth’s future. Other people report having different kinds of contacts. The most significant iron posts of observation for each person will probably depending on their own experiences – many of which don’t need to be mutually exclusive.

Subject: Re: Seth Shostak: Pentagon admits UFO program still exists. But Navy’s alien sightings don’t quite add up. There is only one explanation based on an iron post of observation that makes sense to me.

My 1953 contact is confirmed by Tic Tac happening now.

Destiny Matrix (9780759696891): Sarfatti, Jack … – Amazon.com

www.amazon.com › Destiny-Matrix-Jack-Sarfatti

In 1953 Jack Sarfatti allegedly received a series of mysterious phone calls, presumably from the future. The voice or voices which informed the thirteen year old were likely alien.

Apparently Jack had contact at an early age You must give your decision now. You’ll link up with others in 20 years.

• https://soundcloud.com/jack-sarfatti/cia-recording-sarfatti-puthoff-targ-o-regan-sri-ufo-from-future

On Aug 2, 2020, at 1:31 PM, Robert Addinall wrote: There are many feasible explanations.  Humans in fields such as biology and zoology today do, in fact, spend a great deal of time going around studying less technologically developed species.  A whale may have a slightly analogous experience when being followed around by scientists in a boat as a fighter pilot does when buzzed by a flying saucer or tic tac. Also, anthropologists in the 19th and early 20th centuries liked to go and study what were considered more “primitive” groups of people living in places like rainforests.

It seems very likely that there would be hundreds, if not thousands or more, of advanced civilizations per galaxy.  If it turns out that bending and folding spacetime into warp bubbles and wormholes is as straightforward as something like Sarfatti’s theory suggests, then most of them would probably have that technology once they had been around several to a few dozen millennia.

So you could reasonably expect that various, not just one, group of aliens (by this I include different species of   aliens) would show up to investigate at least out of curiosity whenever some of them become aware of a new potentially intelligent species.  They might also reasonably do so, and investigate the new species’ military behavior, to determine whether or not that species might become a threat when it starts FTL travel with warp bubbles and wormholes (a bit like the movie The Day the Earth Stood Still).

Furthermore, in some UFO lore the theory has been around for decades that UFOs/UAPs sometimes hover over and switch off the electronics in nuclear weapons bases such as ICBM silos as a sort of warning to us not to destroy ourselves.  They don’t want to be bothered to get directly involved, but they also don’t want us to get destroyed. SETI would not detect any radio signals from any of these civilizations for the very simple reason that if they had warp bubbles and wormholes, they would not bother trying to send long range radio signals between star systems.  So we cannot conclude that there are no other civilizations in the galaxy based on a failure to detect radio communications. Now, I agree with Sarfatti and Tessman that quite likely some of the UFOs/UAPs are operated by humans, or whatever humans turn into, from the future.  However, given the likelihood of other civilizations also existing around the universe, and the capability of civilizations with warp bubble/wormhole tech to get in contact with each other, I wouldn’t be surprised if some of the UAPs originate from or are crewed by a mixture of future humans/post-humans, and aliens. I suspect that the humans from the future and the alien’s explanations are both correct.

One possibility which answers the various caveats which “disprove” whatever source is being proclaimed—The answer is (tada!) future humans, perhaps 25 years in advance, perhaps 100 years in advance. Not talking’ about 5 million years in advance. I doubt that whoever/whatever it is, feels it MUST engage the Navy, but it is enough like us, to figure, what the hell, let’s do it and be the obvious top gun. And they don’t want to phaser us because we are their beginning. Eric W. Davis, Ph.D., Baylor University

Elon Musk is wasting his money on the wrong tech

 

 UFO Metals and Construction

I felt it would be important to review some of the incredible data Art Campbell sent me based on his recovery of debris from the July 2, 1947 crash of an extraterrestrial craft on the Plains of St Augustin, New Mexico not far from the Roswell crash. There is speculation that the two UFOs collided or were both affected by radars or thunder storms. Art Campbell has been interested in UFO research since the 1950’s and worked closely with Major Donald E. Keyhoe. He was a Navy veteran, with a Masters Degree in Education.

Art Campbell writes, “In May of 2012 a group of 15 people found a great deal of important Exterrestrial material near the San Augustin, NM crash site that is thought to have happened at the same time as the Roswell crash. One of the most important finding when crash site was examined was this I-beam.

 Alien beam found at crash site

It is 2 inches across at the flanges and 13 1/4 inch long. Rather crude flanged holes at each end indicate it may have been a repair. Some excitement occurred when a faint triangle, circle and other markings were found near the right end of beam. The beam is one of the most significant finds at the crash site and I want to make sure everybody knows about it. The beam looks more like an H-beam used to distribute horizontal loads. Crude flanged holes are a mystery. It is possible it was used more than once in a repair of some sort. Bottom skin, honeycomb, and I-beam might have been scraped off a craft on the first skip down. Below the I-beam is another piece of honeycomb. This one had some skin attached, believed to be just inside the interior.

The beam has a metallurgical composition primarily aluminum with high silicon, manganese, copper, and iron. It is my guess that a grid of beams covered the entire bottom of the UFO (probably crisscrossing the bottom of the craft in 10-12″‘squares) supporting the honeycomb sandwich.

Our craft when it skipped down lost allot of its bottom and this beam was probably ripped out. The honey comb material has been found at two crash sites.

Honeycombs nearly identical were found 6000 miles apart and 41 years later, Magdalena, New Mexico Plains UFO crash debris honeycomb on left, Shikoku Island debris found in 1971, on the right. A Mr. Shinto saw the UFO explode and found the debris.

All of the samples were tested with a volt-ohmmeter, and were found to conduct electricity. Fifty-six (56) elements were detected in at least one sample. The aluminum contained alloys not available in aluminum in 1947. The coatings on all metals were blended with metal and rich in silica, titanium, magnesia, sulfate, phosphate, and chloride, were almost certainly not available in 1947. The coatings are similar to those removed from people claiming alien contact. The samples still emit magnetic and electrical energy indicating these samples include nano technological smart metals and of probable alien origin. Analysis of some of the metal indicated it was not from Earth.

 Skin of St. Augustin UFO

Campbell found many items which are as follows: The major component of the metallic portions of all of the samples proved to be aluminum (Al). All of the samples appeared to be composed of aluminum alloys, with varying amounts of alloying elements. Other elements detected included beryllium (Be), carbon (C), oxygen (O), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), iron (Fe), and  palladium (Pd). The coating layers of the coated samples were much different in composition from the metallic portions of the samples.

Various light weight metals and skin were recovered has the craft crashed

Aluminum was still a major component of the coatings, but was present to a lesser degree than in the metallic portions of the samples. The amount of oxygen in the coatings was much greater than in the metallic phase of the samples, indicating that the aluminum was probably present as an oxide layer, rather than as free metal. The proportions of carbon, silicon, and chlorine in the coatings were also higher than in the metal, indicating.

UFO Crash Book

An artificial 3-layered container about the size of a human fist is believed to be some kind of an artificial body organ.* There were seven kinds of unusual foil containing high levels of silicon, iron and manganese (unknown to the foil industry.)* Some strange wax material which may have been some kind of an insulation coating inside the UFO* Also found of a similar material was the remains of a small structural member (possibly a tiny I-beam. There wer3 possible alien sole shoes found of different sizes of an extremely narrow width.

Go to www.ufocrashbook.com for his excellent book and more details.

Adolf Hitler’s Political Platform is Oddly Familiar Today

Time Magazine’s Man of the Year in 1938

Adolf Hitler’s book Mein Kampf quotes are very familiar today. Oddly the, Nazis were National Socialists that tore down statues, banned free speech, blamed economic hardships on one group of people, instituted gun control, put the state before God, and placed strict government controls on industry.

Hitler stated, “The very first essential for success is a perpetually constant and regular employment of violence

•  The receptivity of the masses is very limited, their intelligence is small, but their power of forgetting is enormous. In consequence of these facts, all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points and must harp on these in slogans until the last member of the public understands what you want him to understand by your slogan..
•  “If any such idiot tried to put into practice such an order [forbidding abortion] in the occupied Eastern territories, he would personally shoot him. In view of the large families of the native population, it could only suit us if girls and women there had as many abortions as possible. Active trade in contraceptives ought to be actually encouraged in the Eastern territories, as we could not possibly have the slightest interest in increasing the non-German population.”_+

“If you win, you need not have to explain…If you lose, you should not be there to explain!” “If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed.” 

Note: I abhor Hitler and his policies but if you are not aware of history it will be repeated.

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

Filer’s Files 33, 2020 Fox Questions Trump on UFOs - PART II

UFO Sightings in the United States

Sightings are courtesy of MUFON CMS

Arizona Object

Sightings are courtesy of MUFON CMS

 Chandler –We witnessed and filmed an object that moved, changed color and shape, and appeared to move away from us in a straight path. Upon our leaving the area, it changed direction and moved back to the original area. This was south of Queen Creek Road on July 25, 2020. Photo courtesy of MUFON.com

San Jose California to Dallas Texas over Arizona

On July 28, 2020, as we were flying when I saw two bright lights coming towards the plane. I took pictures of it and as we were closer it was the sun’s reflection on a metal object. It was extremely large object in the middle of nowhere. As we got closer the reflection of the sun looked like lights. I took close-up pictures and video from my cell phone and as we got further away I went into normal size without enlarging so you can compare how far the plane was from the object by the wings of the plane, I am not sure if the object was on the ground and I am not sure what city state or county we were flying over but it was approximately two hours prior to landing in Dallas Texas. We might’ve been over Arizona or New Mexico unsure

California Object

Glendora – On August 1, 2020, I started to record because I saw a light that appeared around. I described the video what I saw because it disappeared and reappeared. After reviewing the video I observed a flash or zoom of light zoom into space and curve around frames 19 and: 24. That surprised me and caught my eye so I slowed down the video and applied a night vision filter. You can see something appear out of thin air from the base of the mountain then zoom about 45 degrees then went 180 degrees then back to 45 degrees then out into space leaving a trail of light. Granted this thing moved that quickly even in slow motion. Then a friend of mine noticed on the original video at frame: 29 and: 30 you hear a sonic boom. Then the orb that I originally started to record disappeared from the top of the ridge. Also it is not a bug, this thing moved faster than light and left light in its trail.

Colorado Lights

Medellin — At 19:15 hours on August 1, 2020, I saw 5 bright blue objects to the east of me. The moon was out sky in a clear sky with a few clouds. The objects were equal distance apart and stationary. I had an 8×36 monocle optic watching the objects a mile from the moon. They started making very erratic rapid movements in unison. At first I thought maybe someone had a laser with 5 beams moving them in unison but then I realized there was nothing to reflect the laser off of. The sky was clear behind them as the objects started drifting to the NE in formation. From the first to the fifth it would be some kilometers apart ascend and descend and make rapid irregular movements always in unison. The last time I could view the last one was at 18:31 hours. I am a former Green Beret combat soldier and was a trained sniper.

Florida Square Object

Ormond Beach — On July 22, 2020, my best friend Terri and I were sitting on the pier as usual round 9 pm. I noticed a huge dark grey square cloud that just didn’t belong in the sky. The winds were whipping and tearing the other clouds to shreds but this one big dark cloud just held onto its cube shape. I watched it sitting in the southeast sky, just across the river from our pier at Ames Park. I watched it and we chatted for a couple of minutes how it resembled a Borg ship, before it dawned on me that we might want to capture this weird cloud. So I began filming with my Nikon P1000 and got 4 minutes of this cube sitting there before it disappears into the giant puffy white cloud.

Then! After it morphs into the other cloud, that big cloud begins projecting actual alien faces at us and my camera picked them up before the battery drained completely and it shut off. Now that I think back, that battery should have had a full charge and lasted me at least 2 hours of constant use. Anyways, I uploaded that video directly to my Youtube channel: Melly CeesEwe.

Georgia Light Below Aircraft

Atlanta — We were flying from Pensacola to Atlanta on July 7, 2020. I was filming out of one of the windows as I saw another airliner heading towards the same airport. When I reviewed the video, I noticed that there was an object hovering behind the jet liner in the distance. I’m not sure what it was but it appears to be in the air.

Louisiana Cylinder

Morgan City — One afternoon while taking a bike ride with my wife and kids my daughter says, What’s that?. When we looked up we saw what I can explain was basically an airplane with no wings and no windows. There was no sound and nothing coming from the object as if it had an engine. Just completely silent moving south southwest across the sky then it went away and came back for a totaled time of 8 minutes. A neighbor went inside and grabbed a scope from a rifle, looked at it and handed it to me and said “I ain’t supposed to be looking at that on September 18, 2019”!!!

Missouri Cylinder

Troy — On August 6, 2020, this object appeared to be a plane but, I could not see wings. It moved east to west across my southern view at a modest rate of speed. I had the impression of sailing. Having snapped a set of photos I looked at my phone to close my camera app then looked up and it was gone. When checking the photos at home I noticed the second dark object but, only in one photo.

New Jersey Flying Object

Blackwood — On August 22, 2015, I only know the date from my time stamp on my phone) I was sitting at a traffic light when I noticed a glint of light in the sky above. When I was driving through the traffic light I snapped a few pictures then I blinked and it was gone. I don’t know where it went. There were a few other cars in the area. I don’t know if they saw it. It sat stationary and then spun very slowly end over end? Then I blinked and lost sight of it.

New York Light

Syracuse – On August 2, 2020, at around 9:20PM I observed an extremely bright red light in the western sky. I had been taking my cat outside on a leash. I spotted the object when there had been nothing in the same spot seconds earlier. Upon noticing the object I had an immediate sensation of fear and panic and my cat and lay near my feet.

Upon further inspection I could see a faint outline and the bright red light appeared to be in the center of an ovular shape. The light at first seemed to be hovering or moving extremely slowly at a distance of about 2 miles away. The object hovered and made no sound arid got larger approaching. I became afraid grabbed my cat, put him indoors and told my mother to come out we both spotted the object. My father came outside and viewed the object to the right of Jupiter and shined brighter than the planet. I was able to capture a photo using the phone’s night mode. The object abruptly dimmed the light before disappearing completely from the sky.

Pennsylvania light Triangle

Philadelphia – On August 5, 2020, I was standing outside with my roommate when I t looked up at the sky and saw three bright lights in the shape of a triangle. As soon as I started to record they began rotating where you could sort have see these lights were connected. The object then took off to my left where it went behind some clouds then only one light was visible but when it appeared from behind the cloud it was no longer glowing and was disc shaped and dark. It moved very fast I couldn’t run fast enough to follow it. It made no sound.

South Dakota Cylinder

Spearfish — On August 7, 2020, a large cigar / dish shaped object flying and slowly rotating with radon flashing blue/white lights. I have video evidence.

Texas Cylinder

Georgetown – On August 6, 2020 I saw a large, white upright cylinder shaped object flying Northwest on a clear evening night. A similar one was seen in Centerville, Massachusetts the day before.

Washington Lights

Buckley– On July 18 2020, this flew over our house so fast like a rocket. The time of the sighting was 7:45 PM. Look at this. It looks a lot like this one. (The witness is referring to the second photo above. The witness downloaded this photo from another site. 

Note: The craft may be a commercial jet. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

Worldwide UFO Sightings

Australia Flash

 Ettalong Beach, New South Wales on September 13, 2017

I took my then girlfriend out to get engaged at the Mantra Hotel at 730 at night. I noticed flashing lights outside our hotel and asked my girlfriend to look at this. We saw two bluish greenish lights that flew so fast and swirled around. They flew at each other at speed and we thought they were going to crash but missed each other.

It just launched up into outer space flashing red for hours also the other one flew over the top of power station turned into two lights. I took three more pictures of tic tac metallic origin above me in the pictures around the hotel

Canada Cylinder

Port Coquitlam – On July 29, 2020, I saw a long white cylinder way off in the distance over Golden Ears. I noticed it wasn’t moving and it didn’t appear to have a tail. Took one photo, played with phone brightness and focus for about a minute, took another. When I looked at the sky again I didn’t see the object. First photo revealed a small spec when zoomed in, second photo had nothing.

Indonesia Wingless Craft

Srengseng, West Jakarta City, Jakarta – On July 31, 2020, I saw this object at exactly 07:33 am. It appeared to be 500 +meters away. It made no sound and had no wings. It was too high to be a kite. The direction was WSW. It was almost hovering or moving very slow towards the Northwest. When I switched the camera to video and looked up it was gone. The whole event lasted no more than a couple of minutes. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

Russia Object

 Saint Petersburg — Om 2 August, 2020 15:24 MSK, UTC +3
saw objector and air currents didn’t seem to affect its movement as it maintained a steady speed and was spinning. It was the size of a single engine Cessna aircraft or slightly bigger. No lights, no trails, no sounds or vibrations and I didn’t feel anything strange. It was flying several hundred meters above the ground. There was something pendulum-like in its movement. Unfortunately, I didn’t capture it at its closest point to me as I was taken aback. When I came to film it, the object had already flown several hundred meters to the left. Video GD link below.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sW6i_R4NG22AmyPZOPHp_ToUl2OV-ptv/view

UK/England Objects

Goodrington — Unidentified Submerged Object (USO) and Anomalous Objects:
I was at looking down from Roundham Gardens at the sea below when I spotted something moving under the water. Whatever it was I could see that it was black and it appeared to be heading right in my direction. With that a saucer shaped object flew out of the water right in front of me before it flew up into the sky and disappeared from view.

I had been looking through the viewfinder of my Sony HX-300 Camera at the time which allowed me to capture the whole event in several photographs utilizing burst mode. I then looked around the area for any other anomalous objects and I then spotted three objects that were hovering above the cliffs at Brixham. Two of the objects were black while the other one was glowing a bright white. I was just about to take some photographs of them when they all shot off in different
directions causing me to lose sight of them. I had spotted four separate objects that are incredible. The photographs were taken at 4:18 PM on the 6th of July 2020, at Paignton Goodrington, Devon, England.

Note: This same witness has taken many compelling photos of UFO’s. He obviously lives in a UFO hotspot near the English Channel. I have never had any reason to doubt the authenticity of any of his photos. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.

Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.

Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

Supernatural spirits? 'Square waves?' Aliens? Mystery lines on Haida Gwaii beach spark debate

{ https://futurism.com/ }

Who Made the Giant Stone Spheres of Costa Rica?

Many will be familiar with the opening scene of “Raiders of the Lost Ark” where a giant stone sphere nearly crushes Indiana Jones to death. While everyone recognises the movie as a work of fiction, the giant stone spheres are not.

While clearing the jungle for banana plantations in 1940 in Costa Rica's Diquis Delta region, employees of the United Fruit Company uncovered numerous large stone spheres partly buried in the forest floor. 

Almost immediately, the mysterious spheres became prized ornaments, ending up on the front yards of government buildings and fruit company executives throughout Costa Rica. Many spheres were also broken or damaged and others were dynamited in a time when few realized their archaeological value.

According to John Hoopes, associate professor of anthropology and director of the Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, around 300 spheres are known to exist, with the largest weighing 16 tonnes and measuring eight feet in diameter, and the smallest being no bigger than a basketball. Almost all of them are made of granodiorite, a hard, igneous stone.

What Were They For?

Since their discovery the true purpose of the spheres, which still eludes experts, has been the subject of speculation ranging from theories about the balls being navigational aids, to relics related to Stonehenge or the product of an unknown ancient civilization.

Part of the mystery surrounds the way in which they were created as the near-perfect spheres appear to have come from a quarry that was more than 50 miles away and they were created in a time in which metal tools had apparently not been invented yet as it is estimated that the stones were made around 600 AD. However, the dating method for stones is speculative in itself as it really only reveals the latest use of the spheres not when they were first created.

"These objects can be used for centuries and are still sitting where they are after a thousand years. So it's very difficult to say exactly when they were made," explained Hoopes.

However, the biggest mystery remains what they were used for. "We really don't know why they were made," Hoopes said. "The people who made them didn't leave any written records. We're left to archaeological data to try to reconstruct the context. The culture of the people who made them became extinct shortly after the Spanish conquest. So, there are no myths or legends or other stories that are told by the indigenous people of Costa Rica about why they made these spheres."

Much like the Easter Island moai, one theory assumes that the spheres were simply status symbols. The stones, which are now protected by UNESCO, also might have been arranged into massive patterns that had astronomical significance as many of the balls were found to be in alignments, consisting of straight and curved lines, as well as triangles and parallelograms.

“The exceptional stone spheres, which continue to leave researchers speculating about the method and tools of their production, represent an exceptional testimony to the artistic traditions and craft capabilities of Precolumbian societies,” reports UNESCO.

Since almost every sphere has been moved from its original location, researchers are sceptical that the true meaning of the spheres will ever be discovered.

By Joanna Gillan

Related videos, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/general }

What Became of the Coneheads?

Throughout history, many cultures have artificially deformed the skulls of babies in order to achieve a flattened or elongated shape which was often associated with the ruling, or elite classes. Examples of artificial cranial deformation have been uncovered in Australia, the Middle East, Europe, Russia and the Americas in ancient times, as well as Oceanic and African tribes in modern times. When examined, most of these skulls exhibit features common to modern skulls, such as 3 cranial plates and sutures as well as a brain size of around 1200-1400 ccm.

On the other hand, some of the large elongated skulls unearthed from a cemetery in Paracas, Peru , possess other anomalous anatomical features such only 2 cranial plates and sutures, as well as a brain capacity of over 1500 cm, which is larger than many skulls today. These skulls, which are between 1500 and 3000 years old, have been described by some alternative researchers as evidence of extra-terrestrial aliens. While recent DNA results indicate they are entirely human, their genetic origin has yielded surprising results.

A case of skulls from the Andean Paracas culture, as seen in the Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú in Lima.

( CC BY SA 3.0 )

Peru

Cone headed/elongated (dolichocephalic) skulls were first mentioned in 1851 in the book ‘Peruvian Antiquities’ by Mariano Rivero and John James von Tschudi. Dr. Tschudi, with credentials in philosophy, medicine and surgery, described dolichocephalism in two distinct Peruvian races which existed before the Incas; the Aymares and Huancas. The Huancas had the most pronounced dolichocephalic traits, although Tschudi had little historical data on them. The Aymares had intermediate dolichocephaly.

Even at that time scientists, influenced by Samuel Morton who had a huge collection of Amerindian skulls, were proclaiming that the skulls had been artificially elongated by head binding , a belief which remains the dominant paradigm encompassing the Paracas skulls, the Australian Kow Swamp 5 and Cohuna skulls and dozens of crania from Europe. However, as far back as 1851 Dr. Tschudi observed, “Two crania (both of children scarcely a year old), had in all respects, the same form as those of adults. We ourselves have observed the same fact in many mummies of children of tender age…The same formation of the head presents itself in children yet unborn, and of this truth we have had convincing proof in sight of a foetus enclosed in the womb of a mummy of a pregnant woman…aged 7 months!”

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• Elongated Skulls in utero: A Farewell to the Artificial Cranial Deformation Paradigm?

Possible methods used by the Collagua people to shape a child's head.

( Public Domain )

Peruvian archaeologist Julio Tello excavated a large and elaborate graveyard on the Paracas peninsula from 1922 to 1925, and discovered family tombs containing 429 mummies which were individually wrapped in coloured woven cloth. At least 90 of these bodies exhibited large, elongated skulls, some larger than modern skulls!

These extraordinary skulls remained relatively unknown to the world until filmmaker Robert Connolly produced a CD of them in 1995 titled ‘The Search for Ancient Wisdom.’ Researcher Lumir Janku studied these photos of the anomalous skulls and divided them into 3 types; pre-modern, Conehead 1,2 and 3 and a large skull he named the ‘J’ skull. The ‘pre-modern’ skull has some archaic features such as pronounced brow ridges, a robust lower jaw and an occipital ridge on the bottom back of the skull. Its massive cranial arch, to Janku, suggests “that the skull belongs to a representative of an unknown premodern or humanoid type.” However, this classification creates problems because pre-modern hominins are not recognised in the ancient Americas by mainstream archaeologists.

His illustration indicates that the brain of the ‘premodern’ was of a similar capacity to modern humans but lacking in developed frontal lobes, despite its extreme elongation.

Proto Nazca deformed skull, c 200-100 BC.

( CC BY SA 4.0 )

The Coneheads, as evidenced from three different specimens, C1, 2 and 3 may have developed from the ‘pre-modern’ type but exhibit a much larger brain. Many also possess a pronounced bump above the frontal lobes. They may have belonged to hominins of a larger stature than modern populations.

Janku also identified a ‘J’ type of skull which has an enormous cranial vault ranging from 2600 ccm to 3200 ccm, and eye sockets which are about 15% larger than in modern populations. Whether he was able to measure these skulls or merely made an educated guess from observing the photos, is unknown.

A “cone-head” type of skull.

( Lumir G. Janku )

Ignored by anthropologists who consider all elongated  skulls to be the result of head binding, the phenomenon was highlighted in the 2012 book by researchers David Childress and Brien Foerster, ‘The Enigma of Cranial Deformation.’ Childress and Foerster were careful to avoid sensationalizing the skulls by calling them a separate or alien species, but their research has raised many questions about the origins and purpose of cranial deformation . Their suggestion that an elite race of elongated skull people once roamed the planet would also account for the large number of skulls around the world which were artificially deformed by people who wanted to emulate their ‘gods’.

In 2014, Juan Navarro, owner of the Museo Arequeologico Paracas, which houses 35 unique skulls, allowed a team of researchers led by Brien Foerster and L.A. Mazulli to facilitate preliminary DNA testing of five of them. Initial reports from an unnamed geneticist in Texas claimed that the skulls have mitochondrial DNA “with mutations unknown in any human, primate, or animal known so far….a new human-like creature, very distant from Homo sapiens, Neanderthals and Denisovans…I’m not sure it will even fit into the known evolutionary tree.” Unfortunately, numerous alternative websites proclaimed that the skulls were from aliens or Nephilim, the giants mentioned in the book of Genesis, which negatively impacted the research.

After complaints from archaeologists that the original samples were contaminated, a second round of DNA testing in 2016 involved samples taken from three of the skulls, including an infant. These skulls were dated from 2,000 to 800 years old. The samples, taken from hair and bone powder, were sent to three different labs with no mention of their origin. The results were surprising , showing a strong link between Mesopotamian and Eastern European populations. Three hair samples all showed Haplogroup H2A which is most frequently found in Eastern Europe, while the bone powder from the most elongated skull came back as T2B, which originates in Syria. Many of the Paracas skulls still contain traces of red hair which is not found in South American populations. Foerster exclaimed, “No academics as far as we can tell can explain why some of the skulls that still have hair are red or even blond. The idea that this is from time or bleaching has now been disproven by 2 hair experts. For the ancient Paracas people, at least, they had blonde to reddish hair that is 30% thinner than NATIVE American hair. It is GENETIC!”

He also commented , “We are likely looking at a sub-species of humanity as regards to the Paracas. It seems to be a lot of DNA evidence from extreme eastern Europe and extreme western Asia. More specifically, I’m talking about the area in between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea where ancient elongated skull people lived about 3,000 years ago…It appears that the largest elongated skulls on the planet have been found A in Paracas, Peru and B in the Caucasus area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea.”

Independent ancient researcher and filmmaker, L.A. Marzulli, describes other anomalies of the Paracas skulls.

The foramen magnum “is completely different than a normal human being, it is also smaller, which lends itself to our theory that this is not cradle head boarding, it is genetic.”

Some of the skulls have a pronounced zygomatic arch (cheek bone).

Many skulls have no sagittal suture, a connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull. However, this fusing of the sagittal suture may be a direct result of head binding or an indication of advanced age of the individuals

They have unusual eye sockets.

Left: Modern skull foramen. Right: L.A Mazulli points out foramen magnum on Paracas skull.

( soul-guidance.com)

Mexico

An ancient Mexican burial site near the village of Onavas in Sonora in 1999 has yielded 25 skulls, 13 of which are elongated. Seventeen of the skulls belonged to children and only one was female. The steep angle of the forehead indicates childhood head binding.

Malta

Dolichocephalic skulls have also been discovered in some of the earliest Old-World cultures of Malta and Iraq.

Discoveries in the Maltese temple tombs at Tarxien, Ggantja and Hal Saflieni have yielded three classes of skull anomalies. Much of the research on Maltese skulls comes from the Italian writer Adriano Forgione who classified three types:

1. Highly dolichocephalic, “above all, strange lengthened skull, bigger and more peculiar than the others, lacking of the median knitting or suture, linking bones in the roof of the skull.”
2. Skulls which were more ‘natural’ in appearance yet “still presented pronounced, natural dolichocephalous’ shapes ‘distinctive of an actual race.’
3.  Many of the 7,000 skeletons dug out of the Hypogeum exhibit “artificially performed deformities.”

• Mummified Head of Newborn Baby with Extremely Elongated Skull Found in Peru
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Maltese archaeologists Dr. Mark Mifsud and Anthony Buonanno told Forgione, “They are another race although C14 or DNA exams haven’t yet been performed.”

Forgione complained that the skulls had been removed from display at the Maltese Archaeological Museum of Valletta in 1985. About 15 years later he was given permission when Michael Refalo, the Minister for Tourism, accompanied him to the museum and obtained the director’s cooperation. A few days later the Museum’s archaeologist Mark Anthony Mifsud placed the skulls before Forgione, some with pronounced dolichocephalism. They also lacked a median sagitta which is highly anomalous.

In an article for Atlantis Rising Magazine called ‘Mystery of Malta’s Long-Headed Skulls’, Forgione postulated, “The long head and Drawn features must have given an almost serpent-like appearance , stretching the eyes and skin. Lacking the lower part we can only speculate, but the hypothesis seems plausible.  Such deformities would certainly have created walking problems, forcing him almost to slither! The lack of the cranium’s medium knitting and therefore, the impossibility of the brain’s consistent, radial expansion in the skullcap must have caused terrible agony from infancy.”

Two of Malta’s mysterious skulls, the dolichocephalous (long-headed) one below.

( Adriano Forgione )

The other skulls also showed anomalies, including mild dolichocephalism, suggesting that a separate race, distinct from the native populations of Malta and Gozo, existed about 5,000 years ago. They also showed signs of trepanning and artificially performed deformations, such as cranial bondage.

Iraq

In 1933, Max Mallowan excavated Neolithic graves at Tell Arpachiyah in Iraq dated from 4600 BC to 4300 BC (Halaf and Ubaid periods). He reported the discovery of skulls having a “marked degree of deliberate, artificial deformation”, leading to an “elongated skull.”

A 1996 monograph on Mallowan’s discoveries by Stuart Campbell remarked, “Skull deformation at Arpachiyah appears, on current (1995) knowledge, striking…Skull deformation seems to occur with regularity at other sites of this general period over a very wide area…Jericho, Chalcolithic Byblos, Ganj Dareh, and Ali Kesh.”

Dolichocephaloids also appeared in predynastic Egypt and in the art of the New Kingdom Armana period which covered the era of King Akhenaton. Professor Walter Emery excavated Saqqara in the 1930s and discovered amongst other skeletons a dolichocephalic skull larger than the others. He postulated it was from a different ethnic group which wasn’t indigenous to Egypt but had performed priestly and government roles. He associated them with Shemsu Hor, ‘the disciples of Horus’.

Forgione believes that the skulls originated with a race who settled in Mesopotamia about 7,000 years ago. In urbanized centres such as Jarmo, the mother goddesses were represented as divinities with the faces of vipers and lengthened heads. They are also associated with the ‘Nephilim’ of Genesis and eventually settled Egypt in predynastic times. They reached Malta in about 2500 BC and survived a millennium later in the mysterious pharaoh of Akhenaton who was always depicted with an extremely elongated skull.

An elongated skull

( gerasimov174 / Adobe Stock)

Russia

Numerous elongated skulls have been unearthed in the Caucasus area of Russia, which is significant considering the DNA results of the Paracas skeletons.

Pravda News reported on October 6, 2005, that extremely dolichocephalic heads had been discovered in the Caucasus. The Pyatigorsk skull was found near Kislovodsk and dates from between the 3 ^rd and 5 ^th century AD. “Researchers have repeatedly proved that the skulls had been deformed on purpose,” said Dr. Kuznestov. "Ropes or special blocks were tied tightly round the heads of infants, over the temples. The custom went out of fashion by 17th century. The reason behind the deformation phenomenon is still unknown. It is hard to say whether the methods worked effectively or not since nobody ever conducted scientific experiments regarding the binding of the infants' heads.”

In January 2009, it was reported on digitaljournal.com that extreme dolichocephalic skulls had been dug up in Omsk, Siberia by Russian archaeologists which were dated to 400 AD.

Igor Skandakov, director of the Omsk Museum of History and Culture said that the skulls have marks which could be evidence of artificial deformation of a normal skull. He claimed that the skull was kept away from the public because of its unusual shape which shocked and frightened people.

Archaeologist Alexi Matveyev felt that the deformation was carried out as a status symbol of belonging to the elite of society, or as a way to enhance brain function.  “It’s unlikely that the ancients knew much about neuro-surgery. But it’s possible that somehow they were able to develop exceptional brain capabilities.”

Another elongated skull dated to 300 AD was discovered at a cemetery in Arkaim, in the southern Urals in 2015. It is believed the female belonged to the Sarmati tribe in what is now modern-day Ukraine.

The remains of a one-year old boy with a large elongated skull were found in a Crimean village called Yakovenkovo. According to the Archeology Fund, the grave of the boy dates back to the second century AD.

Top: Yakovenkovo infant ( archaeology & arts ). Bottom: Kislovodsk skulls. ( soul-guidance.com)

Germany

Various elongated skulls from the early Medieval period have been discovered in Germany and particularly in the Bavarian region. Some, which have been DNA, tested belonged to women from Bulgaria and Romania. Other skulls have been excavated from Dossenheim, Stuttgart, Altenerding and Franconia.                    

An elongated skull found in Germany.

( soul-guidance.com)

Carpathia

Elongated skulls in the Carpathian region of eastern Europe date from the late Iron Age until early medieval times and were found in both Goths and Huns, as the recreation on the right shows. More than 200 skulls have been found in this region which are probably related to the Hun invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries AD.

An article in JNS ‘Artificially deformed crania from the Hun-Germanic period (5th-6th AD) in north-eastern Hungary’ historical and morphological analysis’ (2014) concludes that the custom spread from east to west in 6 phases up to 4,000 years ago, beginning in Central Asia, before expanding through the Caucasus to the Danube basin in central Europe. From there it split into three distinct regions in France, Germany and Switzerland, and died out in early Medieval times.

What a Hun woman looked like.

( Marcel Nyffenegger )

However, the authors fail to explain why so many groups deliberately deformed their skulls. Nor did they look at the genetic link between the Paracas people and those from the Black Sea area. The implications of large-scale migration from Eurasia to South America via the Persian Gulf in ancient times are huge and threaten to rewrite the history books.

China

In 2019, scientists announced that a site called Houtaomuga has yielded 25 skeletons dating to between 12,000 to 5,000 years ago. Eleven of these skulls have ‘artificially elongated braincases and flattened bones at the front and back of the head’ according to team members Quanchao Zang and Qian Wang. One of the four males was found in a tomb dating to between 13,000 to 11,000 years ago while another sediment layer with skulls was dated to between 6,300 and 5,000 years ago. A 3-year-old child with an elongated head was also buried with large amounts of pottery and artifacts.

• Unravelling the Genetics of Elongated Skulls - Transcript of Interview with Brien Foerster
• Elongated Skulls Increased Kudos in Ancient Peru

Homo Sapiens Sapiens Paracas?

As more elongated skulls come to light around the world, serious research needs to differentiate the cranially deformed skulls from the genetically dolichocephalic skulls which can be seen in babies and foetuses in the Paracas population. If a new species such as the Denisovans can be assigned on the basis of a finger bone, why have the Paracas people with enormous skulls lacking vital cranial sutures and  displaced foramina magna been ignored by anthropologists?

The designation of a new South American hominin species or subspecies Homo sapiens sapiens paracas would challenge several cherished theories:. 1. There were no pre-Homo sapiens populations in the Americas. 2. No unknown hominin species existed less than 2,000 years ago.

On the other hand, DNA evidence shatters the long-held belief that East Asia was the sole homeland of the earliest migrants to the Americas across the now sunken land bridge of Beringia. Scientists will not only have to trace migration routes from Eurasia to the Americas during the ice age, but consider the possibility that such migrations were occurring well into the common era.

Rivero and Tschudi's fetus with naturally elongated head from their 1851 "Antigüedades peruanas".

( Public Domain )

• Top Image: The cemetery is about 1,000 years old and the skulls were studied in more detail in 2012. ( Cristina García / INAH )By Karen Mutton

This article is an extract from ‘Scattered Skeletons’ the updated version of Scattered Skeletons In Our Closet ’ by Karen Mutton, and is available on email request from kazganymede@yahoo.com.au.

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/general }

The moon is getting rusty due to oxygen stripped from Earth’s atmosphere

An oxidised form of iron was surprisingly common the moon, which may reveal insights about Earth's atmospheric history.

 by Tibi Puiu

With a virtually non-existent atmosphere and no liquid water, you’d think the moon would be the last place you’d find hematite — basically rusted iron that requires the presence of both iron and water. But that’s exactly what researchers have recently discovered at high latitudes on the moon.

The reddish dust we all know as rust is essentially a chemical product of the reaction between iron and oxygen. It’s very common on Earth (you can find iron oxides almost everywhere) but since there is no oxygen on the moon, you wouldn’t really expect any hematite. In fact, sample return missions during the Apollo era and subsequent satellite observations have only been able to find pristine metallic iron devoid of any sign of rust.

However, when planetary scientist Shuai Li of the University of Hawaii at Manoa was examining spectral data from NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), as well as from the Chandrayaan-1 orbiter operated by the Indian Space Research Organization, he noticed signatures typical of hematite.

“This discovery will reshape our knowledge about the Moon’s polar regions,” said Li. “Earth may have played an important role on the evolution of the Moon’s surface.”

• The findings appeared in the journal Science Advances.

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }