Location of sighting: Coventry, England
Source: MUFON 113692
Hitler’s UFO Alien Connection During World War II - whatweknow

Hitler’s UFO-Alien Connection During World War II When Hitler first stepped onto the world stage with his contrived rhetoric, he was re-writing German mythology and history into a form of propaganda designed to increase German self-worth after Germany’s WWI defeat.
Most people thought he was insane and did not take him seriously at first. However Hitler announced that he was a member of a UFO cult and had an exclusive line of communication with a powerful extraterrestrial group. According to Hitler, these extraterrestrials were the source and power behind his new-found, born-again German ideology.
He explained that Nazi mysticism was the product of their devotion and worship of the Manipulative Extraterrestrials. Many high ranking Nazi members of Hitler’s inner circle declared that they also communicated with the extraterrestrial Nordic gods.
This is What Happens to Spacecraft When They Re-Enter the Earth’s AtmosphereWhen one of the Russian Progress resupply ships undocks from the International Space Station, timing is everything. The Progress needs to fire its engines at just the right time to instigate the deorbit burn in order for the ship to enter the atmosphere at just the right place, so that its destructive re-entry occurs over the Pacific Ocean. That way, any potential surviving bits and pieces that might reach Earth will hit far away from any land masses – which are home to people, buildings, and other things we don’t want to get bonked.
Last week, the timing for the Progress MS-15 cargo ship was just right so that the astronauts/cosmonauts on board the ISS could see the ship as it broke apart and burned up in Earth’s atmosphere. JAXA astronaut Soichi Noguchi shared the view on social media.
“Farewell, Progress 76P MS-15! #Russian cargo spacecraft undocked from #ISS, and successfully burned up,” Noguchi tweeted, sharing a photo of the Progress’ fiery demise.
Uncrewed Progress cargo ships have been flying since 1978, supporting previous Soviet-era space stations such as Salyut 6, Salyut 7 and Mir. They have been bringing supplies to the ISS since the very beginning of operations.
But now, there are several different robotic, automated resupply ships for the space station: the European Space Agency’s Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), JAXA’s (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) HTV resupply ship, Northrop Grumman’s (formerly Orbital ATK) Cygnus cargo ship, and SpaceX’s Cargo Dragon.

These ships bring supplies such as food, water, replacement/spare parts, and experiments to the crew, as well as propellants and oxygen. After everything is unloaded, the ships like Progress become a trash can – a place to stow garbage and other unneeded items. The ships stay docked to the ISS for about 6 months, and after being loaded with trash and waste, the hatch to the vehicle is closed and the Progress undocks from the station. Then the procedures for reentry begin.
Progress is designed to burn up in the atmosphere, but not everything is completely combustible. In a press release, Roscosmos said the non-combustible components of the craft land and sink into a “non-navigable region of the South Pacific. Non-combustible structure elements will drop in the calculated area of the non-navigable region of the Pacific Ocean. The estimated fragments drop area is approximately 1,680 km east of Wellington (New Zealand). Roscosmos has completed all the necessary procedures to flag this area as temporarily dangerous for sea navigation and aircraft flights.”

But besides the cargo ships returning from the ISS, other man-made objects regularly meet their demise by streaking through and burning up in Earth’s atmosphere. Things like old, inactive satellites, rocket stages and other discarded hardware, as well as smaller pieces of space debris — such as fragments of vehicles that exploded or collided, and even small pieces of paint that have come off of space vehicles.
All these items – both big and small – are tracked by radar by the Space Surveillance Network (SSN), which oversees radar and optical sensors at various sites around the world. There is the Joint Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC) at Vandenberg Air Force Base, part of U.S. Strategic Command and ESA’s Space Debris team. They detect, track and identify all objects in Earth orbit, as well as monitoring the International Space Station (ISS) and other NASA satellites for collisions.

Interestingly, on average, about one satellite crashes back to Earth every week. Most are uncontrolled entries, and it’s kind of a crap shoot as to where any pieces surviving pieces might fall. But these fiery reentries are rarely seen, mostly because Earth is a big place, mainly covered by water, and much of what falls ends up in the oceans. Another thing is, most of us aren’t looking up into the night sky all that often.

But these reentries do sometimes get seen – sometimes by video surveillance cameras or dashcams. If the satellite or old rocket piece is big enough, pieces can be seen shedding as the reentering vehicle descends in a superheated shroud of incandescent plasma. The ablation process starts around a height of 100 km and is usually complete by the time the object has descended to about 20 km. (Here’s additional info on space debris).
Of course, “naturally occurring” objects fall through our atmosphere too, space rocks that range in size from dust grains to small asteroids. Many times, if you see something steak across the night sky, it is hard to tell the difference between a meteor and a piece of disintegrating space debris.
Have you seen something big break apart and fall through the sky? Our own David Dickinson often reports on reentering space objects and possible sightings on his Twitter account, as well as astronomer Jonathan McDowell, who tracks and reports on reentering objects on Twitter.
Of course, for the spacecraft we DON’T want to have break up in the atmosphere — such as crewed spacecraft — there are heat shields to protect them. But that’s another story for another day.
The post This is What Happens to Spacecraft When They Re-Enter the Earth’s Atmosphere appeared first on Universe Today.
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How Reptilians Highjacked The Matrix – The Biggest Secret in Human History
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Bright Object With Nearby Orb, Coventry, England 2-1-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Unidentified Lights In Over Tempe, Arizona Night Sky 2-12-21 UFO Sighting News.
Object rotating silently over Aldie Airport, Virginia, USA 8-16-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Secret underwater alien base found

Legends of lost and mysterious islands, advanced civilisations and Eden-like paradises have been told by sailors throughout human history. Is it possible these stories are more than just the myths of imaginative seafarers?
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Lights Over Ocean Near Laguna Niguel, California 2-7-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Why Do So Many People Still Think Aliens Built the Pyramids?
The dinosaurs may have been wiped out by a comet fragment, not an asteroidAround 66 million years ago, a giant asteroid struck our planet off the coast of Mexico. The devastating impact, whose force was equivalent to 10 billion Hiroshima A-bombs, unleashed huge tsunamis hundreds of feet tall, global wildfires, and sent molten rock hurtling all the way to the moon. About 75% of all life on Earth was killed almost instantly, including all non-avian dinosaurs. But according to a controversial Harvard astronomer, the culprit wasn’t an asteroid, but rather a comet fragment from the outer reaches of the solar system.
Since geophysicists first identified the huge impact crater in Chicxulub, Mexico, the site has been the subject of important research probing into the nature of the impactor in order to reconstruct the devastating timeline of the mass extinction that would follow.
We now know, for instance, that the impactor must have been very large, measuring between 10 and 80 kilometers in diameter, judging from the staggering 180-kilometer-wide crater, most of which is submerged in the Pacific Ocean. The impact then shrouded the planet into a decades-long winter, which decimated the suitable environments for dinosaurs.
This leading theory is that this impact arrived from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, but Harvard’s Professor Avi Loeb and astrophysics graduate student Amir Siraj have published a new study proposing an alternative source.
Loeb is no stranger to controversial theories. Previously, he claimed that the first-ever interstellar object Oumuamua may actually be an alien spaceship. He’s actually being a lot more conservative with his most recent paper published Monday in the journal Scientific Reports.
The pair of researchers performed the statistical analysis and gravitational simulations to essentially reverse-engineer the path the Chicxulub impactor took, showing that the impact actually originated from the Oort cloud — a shell of icy objects that exist in the outermost reaches of the solar system, more than a trillion miles away from Earth.
The Oort cloud is where most of the comets in the solar system are flung from. However, the Chicxulub impact wasn’t produced by a comet, but rather by comet fragments.
According to the researchers’ simulations, many Earth-crossing events were also directly preceded by very close encounters with the Sun. Astronomers call these comets “sun-grazers”.
Due to the gravitational interactions with the Jupiter-Sun system, large comets are torn apart into a large number of smaller fragments. Since the number of fragments large enough to account for the Chicxulub crater was about an order of magnitude greater than the background asteroid or comet population, the researchers simply conclude that it was far more likely that the crater was produced by a comet fragment.
“The solar system acts as a kind of pinball machine,” Siraj said. “Jupiter, the most massive planet, kicks incoming long-period comets into orbits that bring them very close to the sun.”
“And crucially, on the journey back to the Oort cloud, there’s an enhanced probability that one of these fragments hit the Earth,” the scientist added.
The comet fragment hypothesis may explain the unusual composition of the Chicxulub crater, which suggests the impactor was made of carbonaceous chondrite. These minerals are rare amongst main-belt asteroids, but rather widespread among long-period comets that make rounds between the sun and the Oort cloud.
A similar mineral composition was also encountered at the 2-billion-year-old Vredefort crater in South Africa, which is the largest confirmed crater in Earth’s geological history, as well as the Zhamanshin crater in Kazakhstan, which is the largest confirmed crater within the last million years. This is why the researchers plan to use the same approach on these craters as well.
These insights may be important in the future as the new Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile is scheduled to come online next year. The observatory can measure both the composition and tidal disruption of long-period comets, so it should be able to provide data that may confirm the researchers’ model.
“We should see smaller fragments coming to Earth more frequently from the Oort cloud,” Loeb says. “I hope that we can test the theory by having more data on long-period comets, get better statistics, and perhaps see evidence for some fragments.”
Ultimately, these investigations may be crucial in our efforts to mitigate catastrophic cosmic impacts and avoid the same fate as the dinosaurs.
“It must have been an amazing sight, but we don’t want to see that again,” Loeb said.
Chinese rover finds weird shard-shaped rock on the far side of the moon
'A fortunate accident': Scientists stumble across sea creatures living in -2°C water on the Southern Ocean seabed underneath Antarctica

Animals have been found living on the sea floor underneath Antarctica in what was previously thought to be an uninhabited wasteland.
Two types of filter-feeding sea sponges were spotted attached to a boulder at the bottom of the ocean by scientists from the British Antarctic Survey.
The explorers dropped a camera down a borehole which went through the 3,000ft (900m) of solid ice before plunging into the frigid Antarctic ocean underneath.
In the pitch black of the unexplored marine frontier the researchers found evidence of life in the -2.2°C water, the first stationary animals ever seen in this habitat.
These currently unidentified species are more than 200 miles from the nearest food source but appear to be thriving despite the arduous existence.

Animals have been found living on the sea floor underneath Antarctica in what was previously thought to be an uninhabited wasteland. Pictured, a boulder with the stationary life on

Sponges and unidentified stalked animals were spotted on a boulder at the bottom of the ocean by scientists from the British Antarctic Survey (pictured)
This part of the world is one of the last truly unexplored regions of the world as floating ice shelves have made it impossible to study the ocean beneath.
More than 1.5 million square km — an area bigger than the UK, Germany, Spain and Italy combined — is covered by this fortress of ice.
As a result only an area the size of a tennis court has been explored at all, thanks to eight boreholes drilled through the ice.
The exploration and study that has been done in this area has been primitive by modern standards as accessibility is so difficult due to the extreme weather.
'This discovery is one of those fortunate accidents that pushes ideas in a different direction and shows us that Antarctic marine life is incredibly special and amazingly adapted to a frozen world,' says biogeographer and lead author of the study Dr Huw Griffiths.

Researchers drilled the hole to take sediment samples from the sea floor when they ricocheted off the boulder (pictured), with the spinning camera capturing the lifeforms

The borehole was drilled 160 miles (260km) from the open sea, further confounding researchers
The borehole was drilled 160 miles (260km) from the open sea, further confounding researchers.
Current theories clearly state that life becomes increasingly unlikely the further underwater and away from open water a location is.
Previous studies have found some mobile animals, such as fish and krill, in these areas but never before has an organism which stays still and filters the water around it for food ever been found.
Aptly, the study has been titled 'Breaking All the Rules' by its authors, and published today in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science.
Researchers drilled the hole to take sediment samples from the sea floor when they ricocheted off the boulder, with the spinning camera capturing the lifeforms.
'To answer our questions we will have to find a way of getting up close with these animals and their environment - and that's under 900 m (3,000 ft) of ice, 260 km (160 miles) away from the ships where our labs are,' adds Dr Griffiths.
'This means that as polar scientists we are going to have to find new and innovative ways to study them and answer all the new questions we have.
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Mysterious Lifeforms Discovered Underneath Antarctica Ice

Mysterious lifeforms have been discovered in one of the most inhabitable places on our planet. Deep below the Antarctic ice shelf is very dark with subzero temperatures but some species are surprisingly thriving down there.
Located on a seafloor boulder were several species. In fact, this is the first time ever that stationary creatures attached to one specific location have been found underneath the ice of Antarctica.
Huw Griffiths, who is a biogeographer at the British Antarctic Survey and an author of the study, explained this further, “This discovery is one of those fortunate accidents that pushes ideas in a different direction and shows us that Antarctic marine life is incredibly special and amazingly adapted to a frozen world.”
Since it is so difficult to study what’s underneath Antarctica’s ice shelves, scientists are only able to make holes in the ice and lower equipment into the depths of the water. Based on evidence gathered from eight of their borehole surveys, they do know that there is some life beneath the ice, such as jellies, fish, crustaceans, and worms. But the fact that they found sponges was incredibly surprising.
Antarctica
They found the sponges underneath 890 meters of ice (2,920 feet) on the seafloor which was 1,233 meters down (4,045 feet). Located on the seafloor boulder was one sponge on a stalk while 15 others were without them. Furthermore, they discovered 22 organisms that have yet to be identified but could possibly be sponges, hydroids, ascidians, cnidaria, barnacles, or polychaetes. (Pictures can be seen here.)
Griffiths noted that there are still many unanswered questions like how they got there; how long have they been there; what do they eat; how many boulders have this type of life attached to them; are they new species and what would happen to them if the ice shelves ended up collapsing?
Since the majority of life on our planet needs sun to survive, it’s amazing to think that these creatures reside in complete darkness and are still able to live. Chemosynthesis is when organisms use the energy from reactions created by inorganic chemicals when there isn’t any sunlight around. Thermal vents found in the ocean release volcanic chemicals and heat, and bacteria uses chemosynthesis to make sugar for their food chain.
Antarctica
Organisms that live beneath glaciers chemosynthesise hydrogen and some chemosynthetic ecosystems depend on methane. Interestingly, a methane leak has been discovered in the waters of Antarctica.
With that being said, the living creatures underneath Antarctica’s ice shelves probably depend on a chemosynthetic food chain but much more research needs to be conducted in order to know for sure. Nevertheless, it’s incredibly interesting to know that several different species can survive beneath the freezing cold ice shelves of Antarctica.
Two jets chasing UFO over Panama City Beach, Florida
Unknown lights filmed over Tempe, Arizona 12-Feb-2021

These UFOs were filmed over Tempe, Florida on 12th February 2021.
Witness report:
On the night of 2/12/2021. I happen to look out of my kitchen window while talking to my wife when I noticed a group of strange lights in the sky. I always look into the night sky and in the general direction of what I filmed. I’ve never seen anything like this especially in that part of the sky. This video is what I recorded. The objects traveled to a certain part of the sky and stayed there pulsated and then vanished into the clear night sky. I recorded is 2 separate clips. Because I thought the event ended but more returned. At one point an airplane traveling east went in the general direction of the objects. The objects seemed unaffected by this and more returned in the sky. They had a reddish orange color. The cell phone camera didn’t pick up these colors. Not sure what these were.
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Daytime UFO filmed over Coventry, UK 1-Feb-2021

This bright UFO was filmed hovering in the sky above Coventry, a city in central England. This happened on 1st February 2021.
Witness report:
Bright helixical shape with Additional orb. Spotted helixical shape whilst in garden pruning trees hence it was in line of sight .Started filming after a minute another faster moving shape enters frame moving erratically . The second object disappeared . The first object tracked on a fairly straight trajectory ( ISS was shown by nasa as being over UK at approximately that time but not sure this would be visible in daylight) either way second object flight path was to erratic to be a satellite. Wife also witnessed at time. Flight radar app checked and no flights over location at the time.
Researchers discover unexpected creatures beneath Antarctica’s ice shelves
“This discovery is one of those fortunate accidents that pushes ideas in a different direction and shows us that Antarctic marine life is incredibly special and amazingly adapted to a frozen world,” says biogeographer and lead author, Dr. Huw Griffiths of British Antarctic Survey.

Antarctica is the world’s harshest continent, and yet life seems to find a way even in these conditions. Few creatures can survive in Antarctica in the first place, but to do it in such hellish conditions is truly stunning. This is the first study to find stationary animals attached to a boulder on the Antarctic seafloor, the authors say, and they’re “breaking all the rules.”
Researchers found several sponge-like species, including some species previously unknown to science. It’s very unlikely that they just got lucky and hit the needle in the Antarctic haystack — the one place where such animals happen to survive in these conditions. Instead, Griffiths says, there’s probably much more like this waiting to be discovered.
“There appear to be at least three species present in the images, possibly more. Given that this is the first record of a hard substrate community observed from a habitat that covers 1.6 million km2 then I would be very surprised if we had been lucky enough to find all the species on a single boulder, so I would expect that there are many more waiting to be found,” Griffiths told ZME Science.
We don’t yet know much about these species, and in a way, their discovery seems to pose more questions than it answers. They appear to be a group of unpretentious filter-feeders — creatures that feed by straining suspended matter (food) from the water. But where does their food even come from, and how common are these life forms? Since it’s so dark, there can’t be any talk of photosynthesis, and there doesn’t seem to be any hydrothermal vent, so Griffiths suspects the food comes from farther away.
“From looking at the video it appears to be a filter-feeding community, obviously this community must be able to cope with less food than others elsewhere. There are no obvious signs of chemosynthesis, these sponges are not the typical hydrothermal vent or methane seep fauna and the water temperatures are very cold. As far as we know the most likely source of food is what washed in from beyond the ice shelf by the currents, but this requires further investigation,” Griffiths added in an email.

British Antarctic Survey camera travelling down the 900-meter-long bore hole in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. (Marine creature pictured is unrelated to the discovery).
Image credits: Dr Huw Griffiths/British Antarctic Survey.
The discovery of an established community on a boulder 260 km from the ice raises “significant questions,” the researchers note, forcing us to rethink what we think about how life survives under ice shelves. The findings have wide implications not just in regards to creatures inhabiting the Earth now, but also to creatures that lived hundreds of millions of years ago, in a period called the “snowball earth” — and even for potential life on frozen bodies such as Jupiter’s satellite Europa.
The problem is further complicated by the fact that these creatures are filter-feeders. Filter-feeders depend on a supply of food from above, so they are among the first to disappear as you move away from open water and sunlight. Yet, here they are, probably covering large habitats, showing just how much we’ve still yet to learn about these extreme environments.
“Ice shelves cover roughly a third of the Antarctic’s 5 million km2 continental shelf and the Ronne-Filchner Ice Shelf [where the creatures were found] covers around 420,000 km2, so these environments are surprisingly common but we know virtually nothing about them. Finding filter feeding animals so far from their food source shows us that life beneath ice shelves is more resilient and widespread than we expected.”
Now, researchers will continue to study these creatures and see what they can understand about these extremophilic communities. But they also leave a warning: we may end up destroying these communities before we even truly understand them. Despite being remarkably well adapted for the cold, they are vulnerable to the global heating that could wreck their entire ecosystem.
“If these communities turn out to be new species, only found under ice shelves then this would make them very vulnerable to climate change and ice shelf collapse, which could destroy their entire habitat in the future,” Griffiths concludes.
Journal Reference:
© Provided by NBC News
© British Antarctic Survey After lowering the sediment corer through the borehole, the scientists then lowered it through about 1,600 feet of seawater below the floating ice shelf.
(British Antarctic Survey)
Hubble finds cosmic twin of Solar System's mysterious Planet Nine
The hunt for life on Mars: A visual guide to NASA’s latest mission

The Perseverance spacecraft, due to land this week, aims to scour Jezero Crater and collect the first rocks from the red planet.
About 3.9 billion years ago, a wayward rock slammed into Mars, punching a 45-kilometre-wide hole into its surface. On 18 February, NASA plans to land its latest rover inside that pit, named Jezero Crater.
The goal is to explore an area of Mars that was once much warmer and wetter, and perhaps even liveable. Scattered throughout the crater are geological formations hinting at its watery past, including the remains of a lake and a river delta. Studying the make-up of these rocks — in a region where no spacecraft has gone before — will give NASA its best chance yet at answering the age-old question of whether life ever existed on Mars.
“Jezero is very special,” says Briony Horgan, a planetary scientist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, and a member of the mission’s science team.
NASA’s six-wheeled rover, named Perseverance, will explore Jezero as a robotic geologist — examining outcrops and then scooping dirt and rock into a carousel of tubes stored in its belly. If all goes well, by the end of its first Mars year on the surface — a little under two Earth years — the rover will have travelled more than 15 kilometres. And it will have collected a precious set of samples that it will drop onto the Martian ground, where future spacecraft might one day retrieve them — the first attempt to bring Mars rocks back to Earth.
Two other missions reached Mars this month. The United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft started orbiting the planet on 9 February, followed a day later by China’s Tianwen-1 mission — a first for both nations. But Perseverance aims to become the first rover to land since 2012, when NASA’s Curiosity spacecraft arrived in Gale Crater, a dry lake bed about 3,700 kilometres from Jezero. (Tianwen-1 is slated to send a rover to touch down as early as May, and Hope will continue orbiting.) Only eight spacecraft have successfully operated on the red planet’s surface (see ‘Touch Down’).
Only eight spacecraft, beginning with the twin Viking landers in 1976, have successfully landed and operated on the red planet. Perseverance is heading to a previously unexplored region on 18 February.

Phoenix , Viking 2, Jezero Crater, Viking 1, Pathfinder, Perseverance,
InSight, Opportunity, Curiosity, Spirit, Future landing site, Previous missions
Credit: USGS Astrogeology
Scientists are excited about Perseverance because it could answer questions about Mars’s past that they have only guessed at. Jezero’s ancient, fractured landscape will be the oldest terrain ever explored on the red planet. “This region is a very old part of Mars,” says Vivian Sun, a planetary geologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and a member of the Perseverance science team. “That’s important because the oldest periods of time are when we think Mars was most habitable.”
Perseverance aims to land within a 7.7 x 6.6 kilometre ellipse in Jezero Crater, either next to or on top of the ancient river delta it aims to explore.

Jezero Crater rim Target landing site for Perseverance
Credit: ESA/DLR/FU-Berlin
From around 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago, volcanoes belched gases into Mars’s atmosphere, thickening it, trapping heat and allowing clouds to form and rain to fall. Flowing water carved out river valleys and filled up lakes — and scientists see evidence of these on the surface today. Eventually, however, Mars became colder, drier and much more inhospitable.
Images taken by orbiting spacecraft show that one river that formed during this time flowed through and over the western edge of Jezero Crater. The river must have carried tiny particles of sediment scoured from far upstream. When it entered the crater, it dropped this sediment into the lake there, creating a delta that fanned out to the east. In and around the delta and lake, conditions would have been ripe for microbial life to thrive. Later, the lake drained away and left behind the formation, now turned to rock.
Perseverance is heading to Jezero to explore this ancient delta. One goal will be to look for organic matter in the delta’s rocks, which could indicate whether microbes or other life forms once thrived in the region. On Earth, deltas such as that of the Mississippi River hold huge amounts of organic material, the decaying remnants of plants and other matter from farther upstream. If the Jezero delta trapped this type of organic matter, the rover could find it by rolling across the formation and drilling, says Linda Kah, a geologist at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville and a member of Perseverance’s science team.
Billions of years ago, a river flowed into Jezero from the west, spilling into a large lake that filled the crater. Sediment exited the river to form a fan-shaped delta.

Crater rim, Ancient lake, shoreline, Inflowing, ancient river, River delta, Nili,
Planum, Crater floor, (bottom of ancient lake)
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/JHU-APL/Brown University
Another place to look for signs of past life on Mars is along the ancient shores of the lake. In particular, Perseverance will study an arc of rocks that run alongside the delta and parallel to the rim of the crater. Earlier observations from orbiting spacecraft suggest that these rocks could be made of carbonate minerals, which are relatively rare on Mars but common on Earth. Carbonates, including limestone, are often associated with living organisms such as coral reefs, and with fossils that preserve past organisms such as microbes. “Carbonate excites the hell out of geobiologists like me,” says Kah.
Once it lands, Perseverance’s biggest challenge will be to quickly and efficiently explore all these target areas and collect samples. NASA has allotted only one Mars year (equivalent to nearly two years on Earth) for Perseverance to carry out its initial mission.
So scientists on the team have been drawing up routes that the rover might take soon after it touches down. “A lot will depend on where we land” in the 8-kilometre-wide target area, says Kah.
One possible route would see Perseverance landing on the crater floor, travelling across and along the ancient river delta and collecting rocks from multiple locations before driving out of Jezero to lay those rock samples down for future missions to bring back to Earth.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/USGS
In one scenario, Perseverance will land on the crater floor, just in front of the delta’s cliffs. Scientists aren’t entirely sure what the crater floor is made of, but the rock appears to be dark and smooth and could be a volcanic flow. If so, picking up a sample will be a top priority for mission scientists: when that sample eventually gets back to Earth, researchers will be able to analyse it and obtain a precise date for the volcanic eruption that created it, which will help them to understand the timing of geological events in Jezero.
From the crater floor, the rover could drive up and onto the delta, grabbing clay-rich samples and other rocks. It could then head onto the potentially carbonate-rich rocks, drilling into those as well, and afterward drive up onto the rim of Jezero.
If the rover takes this route, it will have travelled more than 15 kilometres and collected at least 15–20 tubes of rocks of different types.
In this video, scientist Ken Farley narrates a flyover of the terrain Perseverance will explore. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
To obtain rock and soil samples, Perseverance will use a drill on its robotic arm (see ‘Tools To Explore’). It will collect duplicates of the most important samples, filling two tubes with the same rock. When the rover reaches the rim of Jezero Crater, it will lay one set of these tubes on the ground and keep the other stashed in its belly. This is to ensure that there is an initial collection of Mars samples available for a future mission to pick up easily and return to Earth.
If the rover is still healthy after its first Mars year, it will head from the crater rim out to the surrounding plains, called Nili Planum. This part of its journey will explore the most ancient terrain yet, including enormous blocks of jumbled-up rock that were blasted from deep inside Mars when another huge asteroid hit, nearly 4 billion years ago. These rocks could come not just from the Martian crust, but from a deeper layer of Mars known as the mantle — which scientists have never been able to look at directly before. “They’re just sitting there, perhaps for more than three billion years, waiting for us to look at them,” says Horgan.
The car-sized Perseverance carries multiple instruments to probe the Martian landscape. The drill that it will use to collect rock samples is at the end of its robotic arm.

Mastcam-Z and SuperCam, imagers, MEDA,weather station, Carousel, RIMFAX
subsurface, radar, Robotic arm, MOXIE produces oxygen from carbondioxide,
SHERLOC Ultraviolet spectrometer, PIXL X-ray spectrometer
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Also up on Nili Planum, according to past observations, are the remains of ancient hydrothermal systems, where hot water once percolated through the Martian crust. On Earth, in places like Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, these hydrothermal areas are teeming with microbial ecosystems. The same might once have been true on Mars. So Nili Planum offers a type of potentially habitable environment entirely different from that in Jezero Crater.
If everything is still going well in this ‘extended mission’, Perseverance will drill and collect samples until it runs out of tubes. With one set dropped off at the rim of Jezero Crater, the rest of the tubes will be laid down somewhere out on Nili Planum, awaiting retrieval.
Perseverance will perform other tasks during its time on Mars, including testing the first helicopter placed on another world — as a way to scout the safest path across the landscape — and experimenting with ways to extract oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, as a resource for future human explorers. But its top priority is to collect those samples for eventual return to Earth.
The European Space Agency and NASA are working on plans for two missions needed to retrieve the samples. Launching no earlier than 2026, they would send a rover to Jezero Crater or Nili Planum to retrieve the sample tubes laid down by Perseverance, as well as an orbiter to loop around Mars. The rover would put the tubes on a rocket and launch them into Mars orbit, where the orbiter would grab them and fly them back to Earth no earlier than 2031.
Perseverance is the first step in that lengthy process — a step scientists have been anticipating for decades. “Perseverance will be the first rover to seek the answer to the outstanding questions that we haven’t been able to address with other rovers — was there life on Mars, and can we find evidence that there used to be life?” says Sun. “I’m super-excited.”
Witnessed By More Than 20 People: The 1996 Fox Lake UFO Incident in Yukon, Canada
By Arjun Walia

According to more than 20 witnesses, a very large aerial object with very bright lights hovered near Fox Lake between 8pm and 9pm, in December of 1996, in Yukon, Canada.
The disclosure of these strange objects has happened, and they've been recognized within the 'mainstream.' Are these objects extraterrestrial? How long have they been sighted?
The topic of UFOs has gained a tremendous amount of credibility, especially within the past few years alone. We’ve written in depth about the subject for ten years now, and if you’re interested in skimming through some of our articles on the subject, you can find all of them, in order, here
There are no shortage of stories from around the world when it comes to UFO sightings, one great example of strange objects that are commonly seen in the sky comes from the Yukon, a province in Canada situated on the Northwest side of the country. It’s a remote area, nowhere near any major cities or populated areas. This reported sighting happened on December 11th, 1996 near a place called Fox Lake. It’s extremely cold in this part of the country at this time of year – it’s not far from Alaska – and again, it is hundreds of miles from any major city or heavily populated public area.
According to more than 20 witnesses, a very large aerial object with very bright lights hovered near the lake (Fox Lake) between 8pm and 9pm.
The picture you see as the cover for this article was done by Canadian engineer Martin Jasek, who wrote a detailed account of the event after he investigated it for himself.
“Two of the witnesses were cousins, driving in separate vehicles. Each saw it over the lake, slammed on their brakes, and got out of their vehicles. They watched the huge object as it slowly drifted towards one of them and was soon almost directly overhead. It then moved slowly across the highway and over a hill to the east, whereupon it was lost to view.” (1)
“While the two cousins were observing this object, a married couple with their baby were a bit farther to the south along the same highway, driving toward them. They too saw the object. By the time they caught up with the cousins and pulled over, the object had moved off. The married couple continued driving until they arrived at a lodge farther ahead. There, they told the owner abougt what they had seen. He promptly recounted a sighting from an earlier witness, who had gotten very close to this object. (1)
“At the nearby village of Pelly Crossing, other people described the same object. In one case it seemed to respond to a man’s flashlight by accelerating towards him. When he turned off his flashlight, the object stopped. By then it had gotten quite close to him, filling much of the sky. It also emitted several beams of light, including one that swooped along the ground. They ran ran across a clearing, perhaps to get to a better view. When he turned to look for the object, it was gone.” (1)
Just imagine seeing something like this. How remarkable would that be? I myself have had a number of fairly remarkable UFO encounters, even with a few members here at Colletive-Evolution. As a result of all of the evidence supporting the phenomena, along with my own experiences, I have been fascinated with this subject for a very long time.
This case has been investigated by many, and most of the interviews with the witnesses are available online. Here is a video that has a few of them describing their experience in person, but again, more are available online.
This is one out of many extraordinary sightings that has occurred around the world, and judging by ancient artwork and history, it seems to have been happening for a very long time. One example would be the aboriginal community in Canada. Their stories have not been passed down through documentation, but through an oral storytelling tradition. These stories often speak of spiritual beings from another world.
“My people tell of Star People who came to us many generations ago. The Star people brought spiritual teachings and stories and maps of the cosmos and they offered these freely. They were kind, loving, and set a great example. When they left us, my people say there was a loneliness like no other.”
– Richard Wagamese, Ojibway Author (source)
5000 year old cave art from Australia depicts strange beings that resemble what many perceive to represent the modern day ‘Gray Alien.’ These beings were known as Wandjina, cloud spirits and sky beings. You can read more about that here. It’s all very interesting to think about.
If you put all of these teachings and stories from multiple cultures around the world together with the evidence that is available today, things start to seem quite strange – and very real.
This particular case included various drawings and detailed interviews with many of the people who witnessed the object.
Source used.
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