David Wilcock on UFOs and Dreams

David Wilcock is a professional intuitive consultant who, since reading Richard C. Hoagland’s “The Monuments of Mars” in 1993, has intensively researched ufology, ancient civilizations, consciousness science, and new paradigms of matter and energy. He is the author of a critically acclaimed trilogy of scientific research works, known as the Convergence series, which gives definitive support to the idea that a change in matter, energy and consciousness is now occurring on the Earth and throughout the solar system.

Wilcock has appeared on broadcast television, lectured throughout the United States and Japan, published a variety of magazine articles and appeared on numerous radio talk shows. He is the co-author of the book “The Reincarnation of Edgar Cayce,” now available in bookstores nationwide, and a summary of his latest scientific work appears therein, where a breakthrough case for mass, spontaneous DNA evolution on Earth is unveiled. David is also an accomplished musician and composer within a variety of styles, including jazz-fusion, meditative and world music.

David Wilcock explains on March 19, 2020 during the the World Wide Coronavirus lockdown that it is NOT the end of the world. The lockdowns are to ensure the peoples safety during world wide mass arrests in conjunction with Operation Defender Europe 2020.

Thanks hope you all are staying cool out there. Stay tuned for more updates from BIN News! 

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Perseverance Begins the Next Phase of its Mission, Studying an Ancient River Bed on Mars

On February 18, 2021, NASA’s Perseverance (Percy) Rover successfully landed in the dried-up lakebed known as Jezero Crater on Mars, beaming back images and video of its descent and landing to millions of space fans living on the planet that built and launched this incredible robotic explorer. With this landing came enormous excitement for a new era of robotic exploration of the Red Planet as we slowly continue to unlock the secrets of Mars and its ancient past, to include (hopefully) finding evidence of past life.

While Mars might have once featured a lush and habitable environment, today it’s nothing more than a cold, dead world. With an average surface temperature of -63°C (-82°F) and an atmosphere consisting of 95% carbon dioxide and pressures that are 100 times less than Earth’s, the Mars of today is incredibly inhospitable for life as we know it here on our blue marble in space. This extremely harsh environment hasn’t stopped us from trying to unlock Mars’ secrets and learn more about how it came to be what it is today, with Percy working literally tirelessly to continue this incredible scientific journey.

During its venture on Mars, Percy collected eight rock-core samples during its first science campaign and completed a record-breaking 31-Martian-day (sol) trek across 5 kilometers (3 miles) of Mars. It ultimately arrived at the doorstep of Jezero’s ancient river delta on April 13, 2022. This delta is significant as it will not only serve as Percy’s staging area for its second science campaign, known as the “Delta Front Campaign”, but is also believed to be the mission’s best bet in finding preserved remnants of ancient microbial life.

The delta, a massive fan-shaped collection of rocks and sediment at the western edge of Jezero Crater, formed at the convergence of a Martian river and a crater lake billions of years ago. Its exploration tops the Perseverance science team’s wish list because all the fine-grained sediment deposited at its base long ago is the mission’s best bet for finding the preserved remnants of ancient microbial life.

“We’ve been eyeing the delta from a distance for more than a year while we explored the crater floor,” said Ken Farley, Perseverance project scientist at Caltech in Pasadena. “At the end of our fast traverse, we are finally able to get close to it, obtaining images of ever-greater detail revealing where we can best explore these important rocks.” Having officially kicked off on April 18, 2022, the Delta Front Campaign will instruct Percy to drive to the southwest and then to the west. The goal of this first leg will be to scout the best route to ascend the delta, which rises about 40 meters (130 feet) above the crater floor.

The Delta Front Campaign is scheduled to take about half an Earth year, during which time Percy will be conducting detailed science investigations while on the way up the delta, and on the way back down, as well. These investigations include taking rock core samples, and Percy is expected to collect around eight samples during this time.

“The delta is why Perseverance was sent to Jezero Crater: It has so many interesting features,” said Farley. “We will look for signs of ancient life in the rocks at the base of the delta, rocks that we think were once mud on the bottom of ‘Lake Jezero.’ Higher up the delta, we can look at sand and rock fragments that came from upstream, perhaps from miles away. These are locations the rover will never visit. We can take advantage of an ancient Martian river that brought the planet’s geological secrets to us.”

Jezero Crater

As stated, Jezero Crater on Mars is a dried-up lakebed believed to once be the home of a massive amount of liquid water deep in Mars’ ancient past. The crater itself has a diameter of 45 kilometers (25 miles) and is located in the Syrtis Major quadrangle. Aside from the delta that is located in the western part of Jezero, the crater also displays point bars and inverted channels, other evidence that liquid water once existed there long ago.

Ancient Past: A Wetter, Warmer Mars

When Mars first formed billions of years ago, its interior was searing with heat and a spinning outer core. This spinning outer core gave Mars a magnetic field, shielding it from the intense cosmic radiation from the Sun. This magnetic field allowed auroras to dance across the night sky in breathtaking fashion, much like what we see near the poles on present-day Earth. This interior heat also fueled the many volcanoes spread across the surface to replenish the atmosphere just like what happens on present-day Earth, giving Mars a much thicker atmosphere and allowing liquid water to cascade across its surface, carving out channels and streams, and even filling many craters also strewn across its vast surface. Alas, with Mars being half the size of Earth, physics intervened, and the Red Planet slowly died from the inside out due to the loss of heat. When you put potatoes in an oven and remove them some time later, the smaller potatoes cool off much faster than the larger ones, and this cooling was the unfortunate fate for Mars. With the loss of heat, the volcanoes ceased to replenish the atmosphere and the magnetic field slowly faded away. Losing these two key atmospheric components caused the once cascading liquid water to slowly evaporate, leaving us with the cold, dead world we see today.

What secrets will Percy unlock about the ancient past of Mars? How long was liquid present on the surface, and will this car-sized rover find evidence of past life on the Red Planet? Time will tell, and this is why we science!

As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!

• Source: NASA JPL
• Lead image: The expanse of Jezero Crater’s river delta is shown in this panorama of 64 stitched-together images taken by the Mastcam-Z system on NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover on April 11, 2022, the 406th Martian day, or sol, of the mission. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State University/Malin Space Science Systems)

The post Perseverance Begins the Next Phase of its Mission, Studying an Ancient River Bed on Mars appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/155553/perseverance-begins-the-next-phase-of-its-mission-studying-an-ancient-river-bed-on-mars/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

What are fast walkers?

UFO DOCUMENTARY - FASTWALKERS

Mankind’s most carefully guarded secret revealed! For the first time… information that you were never meant to know. Amazing UFO photos and video footage you were never meant to see. over 30 experts are represented in the fields of medicine, physics, science, aviation, journalism, biology, religion, politics, military and more! The difinitive documentary about E.T and UFO disclosure.

Fastwalkers - UFO Documentary

Fastwalkers, reveals the truth about UFOs and Extraterrestrials that has been suppressed and hidden for centuries. Fastwalker is a code word created by NORAD (North American Air Defense Command) to classify (UFOs) unidentified flying objects which approach our Earth from space and enter our atmosphere. It has been reported that from its subterranean facility deep inside Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado, USA, the Air Force NORAD facility tracks a rough average of 500 of these Fastwalkers each year.

For the first time, Fastwalkers in a feature length documentary form discloses information you were never meant to know. Amazing UFO photos and footage gathered from around the world that you were never meant to see. Never before has there been such a wealth of information presented by such unbiased experts who focus on providing a "World View" of what is really happening on planet Earth, rather than what "we are told is happening."

STARRING:

• Dr. Steven M. Greer, Steve Bassett, Jim Marrs, Robert O Dean, Dr. Michael Salla, Stanton T Friedman, Alfred L Webre, John Greenwald Jr., Dr. Len Horowitz, Dr. Richard Boylan, Jaime Maussan, Paola Harris, Jerry Pippin, Dr. Bruce Maccabee, A.J. Gevaerd, Sean David Morton, Graham E. Bethune, Col. Wendelle C. Stevens, Monsignor Corrado Balducci, James W. Deardorff, & More.

Fastwalkers: Mankind's Most Carefully Guarded UFO Secrets Revealed | Alien Documentary

Fastwalkers exposes the shocking truth about UFOs and Extraterrestrials, a truth that has been suppressed and hidden for centuries. Fastwalker is the NORAD (North American Air Defense Command) code word used to classify unidentified flying objects (UFO's) approaching Earth from outer space and entering our atmosphere.

The facility tracks hundreds of these "bogeys" each year from a subterranean facility deep inside Colorado's Cheyenne Mountain. See and hear the people that the governments of the world never wanted you to meet. Over 30 experts who are represented within the fields of medicine, physics, science, aviation, journalism, biology, religion, politics, military and more reveal their experiences and knowledge of UFO encounters. In this definitive documentary about the Alien presence on Earth you will see amazing UFO photos and footage as well as hear firsthand contactees, experiencers, and abductees as they share their amazing and riveting testimonies that lead to only one conclusion - we are not alone and the ruling elite have known this for decades. Mankind's most carefully guarded secret exposed.

Fastwalkers UFO Documentary FULL Top Secret Reveals

Fastwalkers UFO Documentary FULL Top Secret Reveals.

TOP SECRET and CLASSIFIED - Fastwalkers - FULL UFO Documentary.

UFO Documentary - Top Secret Revealed : Fastwalkers Please Like, Share, Comment and Subscribe Channel : UFO Documentary Official . Fastwalkers UFO .

Best Alien Documentary Film Part 83 - Hostile UFO Encounters in Colares UFO Documentary - Top Secret Revealed : Fastwalkers Please Like, Share, Comment .

Fastwalkers UFO Documentary FULL Top Secret Reveals. Please Subscribe! to stay updated! More Videos: Follow us on facebook: . UFO Documentary - Top .

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

COL PHILIP CORSO! THE ROSWELL ARTIFACTS! GENETICALLY ENGINEERED HUMANOID ROBOTS! BRAINWAVE GUIDANCE  

Mysterious Triangle 🔻 in the Sky around the World, UAP/UFO News | @UFOTV -VIRAL 

SPIRAL UFO IN HAWAII

Watch as Mysterious Shiny Spiral Flies Over Hawaii Sky

• https://sputniknews.com/20220420/watch-as-mysterious-shiny-spiral-flies-over-hawaii-sky-1094918695.html  

ABOVE TOP SECRET – THE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND DISCLOSURE (2022)

Amazing Object Over Texas, April 18, 2022, UAP/UFO News| @UFOTV      

UFO sighting during the day 05.III.2022

UFO Sightings 2022 Unknown Objects By Cargo Ships

UFO Sighting over United States, January 17th 2022

UFO Sighting over Louisiana, USA, January 30th 2022

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Huge UFO Cloaked In Cloud Over Southern California, April 17, 2022, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 17, 2022

Location of sighting: Southern California, USA

Source: 

• https://www.facebook.com/amber.roberts.125323/posts/3196542460591591

Wow! Just wow! This is one fantastic looking UFO cloaked in a cloud. This is a UFO that has an energy shield around it so that it keeps the cloud particles inside the shield, and the cloud wont disapate or fly away. UFOs often do this because they want to have a first hand look with their own eyes. Aliens just like humans get sick of looking at computer screens and want to see it with their own eyes. Its a more personal, real experience. Absolutely fantastic catch, and that road sign below it is hilarious. 100% proof of aliens in California. Probably heading to Silicon Valley to scan and record all the new technology being created. Or, they may be heading to go pick up Elon Musk himself and take him home. Yes, Elon Musk is an alien, but a great one, wouldn't you say? How hes changing humanity for the better in every way possible, space, automotive, solar power, paypal, Twitter. In a day where everyone hates everyone, he is the exception to the rule. 100% alien. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Huge Sphere UFO Sucking Energy From Our Sun! 4-19-2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Credit: https://helioviewer.org 

Date of sighting: 4-19-2022

Location of sighting: Earths Sun

 

I caught this giant sphere sucking the energy out of our sun this week. This UFO has been seen before many years ago, but its back. Its returned to the sun to refill its energy and the UFO is so dark, so black, its almost invisible, but the suns lit plasma glows around it reviealing its location. 100% proof that aliens are using and abusing our sun for thier own private uses. This could be a danger to us since a UFO this huge could easily cause a solar explosion that could wipe out all life, air, water on Earth. I will put the old video of the same UFO below this post to compare and contrast. The old one is from 2012. 

 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

BELOW IS THE OLD VIDEO OF THE SAME GIANT SPHERE SUCKING THE SUNS ENERGY FROM BACK IN 2012!

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

3 Meter Figure Seen Flying Near Tokyo Tower in Japan, April 13, 2022, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 13, 2022

Location of sighting: Tokyo, Japan

 

A huge human figure was seen near the Tokyo Tower in Japan this week. The dark figure is flying and has no visible jet pack or wings. The person is also not normal size, they are nearly 3 meters tall. If this is a stunt by someone, its one that I have never seen or heard of before. This looks real, it looks like a giant alien figure checking out the city from the best view location ever.  The video itself was posted by a Tokyo UFO researcher named Paranormal Research. It is possible that an alien who had god like powers was flying around, but we would need more videos of the event to confirm it, since this area is popular with locals and tourists armed with cameras. If this is real, then its one of the most frightening videos I have ever seen. A spiecies 3 meters tall that can fly could easily take over the planet with little effort. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

AMAZING 2 UFOs over Paris, France YESTERDAY

This really interesting UFO sighting of 2 (maybe) linked objects flying across the sky above Paris in France was filmed yesterday (21st April 2022).

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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The Maykop: Lost Bronze Age Culture of the Exotic Caucasus Region

In 1897, Professor Nikolay Veselovsky, a Russian archaeologist and orientalist, specializing in the history and archaeology of Central Asia, uncovered one of the greatest archaeological finds of recent history in a small North-Western Caucuses town called Maykop. The Maykop Mound, or Chieftain’s Grave, contained countless ancient riches and spoils from a previously unheard-of Bronze Age civilization.

Comparison with similar artefacts from other cultures roughly contemporary with the 4th-3rd-century Maykop culture of the Caucasus region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.

( LibReddit)

The Multiple Marvels of the Maykop Mound

The Maykop catacomb had a large central chamber split into three differently sized rooms which each held a body lying in the crouched position. The largest of these tombs was reserved for the principal occupant, who was adorned with a richly decorated garment, hundreds of semi-precious stones, a weapons set, a bronze cauldron, and a number of polished clay pots .

One of the most exquisite items was a black fur coat , the earliest fur garment found in Eastern Europe. The unusual tunic was made out of souslik fur, a type of squirrel endemic to the region, and it’s estimated 25 to 30 skins were needed to craft it. The silver pins found on the attire, and sheer amount of silver and gold, indicated the wearers highborn status.

• Caucasus Societies Developed an Aversion to Gold “Bling,” Says Study
• Largest Ancient Settlement of South Caucasus Discovered from Satellite Photos

The treasure trove was so great that by 1898 the entire collection had been transferred to the Hermitage in St Petersburg and prepared for display for the Tsar and his family at the Imperial Archaeological Commission, where it became the star exhibit. In the following century, much would be brought to light about the mysterious Maykop.

Early Maykop objects from the chieftain’s grave at Maikop, Russia. The lion, bull, necklace, and diadem are gold; the cup with engraved design is silver; the two pots are ceramic; and the other objects are arsenical bronze. The bronze blade with silver rivets is 47 cm (18.5 inches) long and had sharp edges.

( Erenow)

How Old Were the Maykop?

From its initial discovery in 1897, the age of the Maykop civilization quickly became a heated topic of debate. Archaeologists were mainly torn between a 3rd millennium BC or 4th millennium BC date.

Early theorists, working without radiocarbon dating , usually established timeframes by comparing the art styles of other ancient civilizations .

In 1911, Tallgren proposed a 2000 BC dating by comparing the silver vessels found at Maykop to Priam’s Treasure, a horde of gold coins that had been excavated in 1873. But by the 1920s, an even earlier date was being suggested.

Rostovstev, finding similarities between the art of Ancient Egypt, refuted Tallgren’s argument, describing the Maykop objects as “more primitive” and “much older.” In addition, Schmidt, by analyzing the newly discovered artifacts unearthed at the Early Dynastic Royal Cemetery of Ur, joined Rostovstev in proclaiming a third millennium BC date.

During the 1930s to the 1950s, a plethora of archeological digs in the Caucasus region would contribute to a developing understanding of the Maykop culture and in particular their relationships with other primitive societies. They revealed that the Maykop were not bound solely to the Kuban area but occupied the entire northern Caucasus region.

In 1956, Alexsandr Iessen reviewed the available material and agreed with earlier claims that Maykop art had a likeness to the Priam Treasure and the art of Ancient Egypt. As a result, he proposed the early Maykop period to be between 2300-1900 BC, and the late phase to be between 2100-1700 BC. His framework, despite only resting on the evidence of less than 20 graves and only one settlement, was widely accepted in the academia for several decades.

The Maykop culture existed between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, with the Yamna culture to the north and the Kura-Araxes culture to the south.

(Joostik / CC BY-SA 3.0 )

Alongside this, extensive research In the 1950s and 1960s by Munchaev firmly established the co-existence of the Maykop and the Kura-Araxes people , an early South Caucasian kingdom, who were usually dated to 2800-2100 BC. Adding to this, Safranov in the 1970s placed the Maykop within the archaeological time period of Tripolie 2, which was conventionally dated to 2600-1700 BC.

However, Andreeva, using the same methods as Safranov, came to a strikingly different verdict. She argued that Maykop art resembled pottery of the period Gawra XII-VIII in Northern Mesopotamia, which strongly indicated a 4th millennium BC date. Over the next few years, the 3rd millennium and 4th millennium schools would play out their debate in academic papers, journals, and lectures.

But with the emergence of radio-carbon dating in the early 1980s, new and valuable insights surrounding the Maykop culture would emerge. In 1983, Kavtaradze, in the inaugural radio-carbon survey of the Caucuses area, offered a 4th millennium date for the Kura-Araxes who had earlier been established as contemporaneous with the Maykop, countering Munchaev’s 3rd millennium thesis.

Closer to home, in 1991, the first radio-carbon datings of Maykop sites were undertaken from animal bones found at Galjugal, in the valley of Terek. Korenevskij’s data recommended a 4th century millennium date, further reinforcing the link between the Kura-Araxes and the existence of the Maykop culture in the late Tripoli period of the area, with several studies in the 1990s further corroborating his hypothesis.

So, radio-carbon dating had finally settled the dating of the Maykop to the 4th millennium BC, a point of contention that had been blazing for nearly 100 years.

The 3rd millennium school was left severely weakened, especially since their conclusions were only based on the comparison of art objects, which ignored the archaeological context. Despite this, the resemblance of objects from the Great Cemetery at Ur to Maykop pieces by Schmidt, remained a persuasive claim. Yet, if the 4th and 3rd millennium dates were both correct, it would suggest that the Maykop survived for a staggering 1500 years. The uniformity of Maykop materials proved this was impossible and implied a shorter timeline of existence, for a longer chronology would inevitably contain objects of greater variation and divergence.

The busiest part of early human civilization in the Caucasus region, specifically between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the upper left of this map, included the pre-Maykop peoples, the PIE speaking peoples and the Proto-Uralic tribes.

( Webspace Ship )

Pre-Maykop and Maykop Cultures

Throughout the years, two distinct periods of the Maykop were acknowledged, namely the pre-Maykop period and the Maykop period.

In 1929, the first evidence for the Pre-Maykops appeared at an archaeological excavation at Agubekovo. Additional discoveries in the 1950s and 1960s led academics Formozov and Stoljar to contend that Maykop-like settlements existed in the 5th millennium BC.

• Maikop ‘Scepters’ Are Actually the World’s Oldest Drinking Straws
• The Khazars: A Forgotten Medieval Empire that Ruled the Northern Caucasus

Following on from this, a multitude of Pre-Maykop communities were discovered in the South of Kuban, the steppe of the Lower Kuban, and the Kislovodsk and Terek valley regions. The archaic objects uncovered in these areas were visibly distinct, and were commonly characterized with ovoid bodies without handles, pointed and rounded bottoms, grey, red, and brown colors, pearl ornaments, and rim incisions.

Further investigations revealed a unique set of Pre-Maykop treasures that had no comparison to other Maykop articles. Obsidian tools, stone bracelets, polished stone axes , human and animal clay figurines, and cross-shaped mace heads were all soundly dated to the 5th millennium BC. Supplementary radio-carbon testing of animal bones from Svobodnoe, Jasenovaja, and Mesoko again pointed to a date in the second half of the 5th millennium BC.

Silver vessel with animal frieze and landscape depiction, found in Large Kurgan of Maikop, Russia.

( LibReddit)

In addition, an assemblage of graves from the Lower Kuban and Stavropol plateau, which included flint tools, rare pottery, small items of personal decorations made of stone, bone, copper, and shell clearly illustrated a society predating the Maykop. Signs of a typical Early Bronze age burial at Verkhniy Akbash, where the cadaver was crouched on the side with hands in front of feet, likewise confirmed a 5th millennium date.

Following the pre-civilization, it’s generally believed that the Maykop culture inhabited the foothills of the West and North Caucuses and the steppe lowlands of Lower Kuban, Manych, Terek, and Stavropol.

A unique type of grave sets the Maykop apart from their other Bronze Age neighbors. The body was usually placed on its side with hands in front of the face and with a layer of earth shoveled on top. Personal mementos and items of value were conventionally positioned next to the deceased.

In 2004, Korenevskij, using ceramic evidence, divided the Maykop into 2 types. The Galjugaj-Sereginskoe were distinguished by the prevalence of simple spherical and pearl shaped vessels with rounded bottoms, jars with short necks, cups with thin necks, cone-shaped clay objects, and vessels of precious metals.

The second kind were the Psekupskoe and Dolinskoe, who could be determined by more complex forms of pottery and decoration such as squat round forms which were decorated, patterned, and polished, and a noticeable absence of the spherical forms crafted by their Galjugaj-Sereginskoe compatriots.

Korenevskij intimated that the Galjugaj-Sereginskoe belonged to an earlier phase, with the Psekupskoe and Dolinskoe an Eastern and Western branch of the Maykop that split up at a later stage.

A gold diadem, massive gold and silver figures of bulls and gold lion plaques sewn on cloth, from the Maykop, or Maikop archaeological site in southern Russia.

( The Mobile Megalithic Portal )

Influencers of the Ancient World

Most commentators believe that the Maykop were influenced by the Near East, an idea first proposed by Alexsandr Iessen in the 1950s because of the pervasiveness of foreign imports at Maykop burial mounds.

Fortifying this new strand of thought was Safranov, who, in the 1970s advanced the viewpoint that Maykop culture may have come from the Arameans of Harran, a semi-mythical people said to have inhabited Ciscausasia in modern-day northern Syria. She argued material from the Chuera collection, from as far back as 24000 BC, shared startlingly similar details to Maykop crafts.

A more recent examination linking the Maykop to the Sumerians, the earliest known civilization in Southern Mesopotamia, comes from Trifonov, Petrov, and Savelieva, who reanalyzed the scepters found in the Chieftain’s Grave, presenting them alternatively as tubes for communal beer drinking.

They compared the tubes to ancient Sumerian drinking vessels, which were often made of a long, hollow reed, and through residue analysis they found traces of barley starch granules. Furthermore, in an arrangement similar to the practices of early royal funerals of the Near East, the tubes were positioned closest to the body to emphasize the importance of feast in the funerary processions.

Some have gone further, stating that not only were the Maykop intertwined with the Near East, but that they had a sizable sway in the ancient world. In 2008, Ivanova-Bieg remarked on the numerous Maykop artifacts that reflected the developed stage of Near Eastern societies. She called for a “change in chronological perspective allowing for Maykop as a centre of innovation in its own right” .

Gold Bull artefact and silver vessel from the Maykop Culture of the Northwest Caucasus (c. 4th-3rd millenniums BC).

( LibReddit)

Her call was answered in 2019 by Hansen, who, in his attempt to dismantle the grand narrative that all pre-historical technological advancements originated in Egypt and Mesopotamia, pointed to the Maykop as an important intermediary site for the formulation and spread of new ideas.

His new approach argued that Egyptian and Mesopotamian success was down to their adaptation of techniques produced in peripheral areas, like the North Caucuses where the Maykop resided.

Before, early theorists had recognized a strong Mesopotamian bent to Maykop objects, but usually attributed it to direct Mesopotamian influence on the Maykop.

Using later radio-carbon dating of the Chieftain’s Grave, Hansen showed that the crypt was built around 3700-3500 BC, a thousand years older than previous estimates, implying that it was the Maykops that influenced the Mesopotamians.

It revealed that the Chieftain’s Grave represented the oldest evidence for metal vessels and the earliest use of lion iconography in the heraldry of a ruler, showing that tentative steps towards state formation were already being made by the Maykop in the first half of the 4th millennium.

To add to this, similar copper tools found in the Chieftain’s Grave have also been found in Mesopotamia and as far as the island of Crete. The relatedness of the knives, swords, and axes in Maykop, Mesopotamia, and Crete, advocated the Maykop as an important middle-man in the spread of technology during the 4th millennium BC.

Maykop influence has been found even further afield than Crete. In an astounding discovery, Maykop weapons, bows, and quivers were found in Göhlitzsch, Germany, identical to similar armaments from a site in Novosvobodnaya near Maykop.

Thus, the Maykops had an impact on the development and distribution of technologies during the 4th millennium BC, being a major player in a system of innovation that incorporated the East, Caucuses, and Central Europe. No doubt the richness of the Caucuses region in ores, pastures, and timber proved extremely attractive to the evolving urban centers that the Maykop became inextricably linked too.

Auroch reconstruction based on the Gold Bull artefact from Maykop.

( LibReddit)

The Maykop: Pioneers That Changed The Western Steppes

Andrew Sheratt has characterized the Maykop as the “world’s first barbarian society” operating on the peripheries of the urban centers of the Near East. Indeed, the Maykop were instrumental in the diffusion of lifestyle and technology to the steppe region.

• Derbent: Contested Ancient City Stronghold on the Silk Road
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Acting as an intermediary between East and West, they were also an integral part of the technological revolutions of the 4th millennium BC, which included the wheel, wagon, the domestication of donkeys, sheep, and horses, and the cultivation of olives and wine. Several innovations in metallurgical and wool have been attributed to the Maykop, who were not only effective transferrers of knowledge but trailblazers in their own right.

• Top image: The early Bronze Age Maykop culture of the Caucuses region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea dates to the 4th-3rd millennium BC and was connected to more places than you might think!
• Source: Google Arts & Culture

By Jake Leigh-Howarth

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

Does Ta Prohm Temple Depict a ‘Domestic’ Dinosaur?

Mainstream paleontologists say that dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years before the evolution of modern humans. This, however, has not stopped the suggestion that some dinosaurs may have survived as relict populations and have appeared in human artwork. An example of artwork put forward as evidence for this view is a cryptic carving at Ta Prohm, a beautifully overgrown temple in Angkor, the capital city of the former Khmer Empire.

Ta Prohm was built during the reign of the Khmer ruler, Jayavarman VII (1181-1218 AD) as a monastery for Mahayana Buddhism. After the dissolution of the Khmer Empire, the temple was abandoned and reclaimed by the forest until the 19th century, when archaeological excavations at the site of Angkor began.

Ta Prohm is most famous today for the fascinating appearance of the giant tree roots which have wound their way through the loosened stones. However, that beautiful view is being carefully watched and maintained these days to ensure that the temple will not deteriorate further or become unsafe for the countless visitors who marvel at the site each year.

The famous 'Tomb Raider' doorway, Ta Prohm Temple, Angkor, Cambodia.

(Paul Mannix/ CC BY 2.0 )

Wait, is that a Stegosaurus?

The reason that Ta Prohm has become important for those interested in living populations of dinosaurs is a creature engraved on the walls of the temple that, to some, bears a striking resemblance to a stegosaurus. What makes this creature saurian in appearance are protrusions on its back that look like the dorsal plates of the well-known dinosaur. This is an especially popular claim among young earth creationists who believe that it represents evidence that dinosaurs lived with humans late enough that they were engraved on temple walls.

• Footprints on the Wall: Were Dinosaurs Actually Climbing the Cliffs in Bolivia?
• First-Ever Fossilized Dinosaur Brain Tissue Discovered in Sussex, England
• Did Humans Walk the Earth with Dinosaurs? Triceratops Horn Dated to 33,500 Years

Could this creature be a dinosaur? To the modern mind, it does resemble a dinosaur. There are, however, several problems with this hypothesis. The first problem is that the alleged plates also resemble artistic flourishes that occur in many other carvings around the temple.

The Ta Prohm ‘dinosaur’.

(Uwe Schwarzbach/ CC BY NC SA 2.0 )

They do look a little different from the other flourishes, but the possibility that they are flourishes cannot be ruled out. If the flourishes are removed, the creature bears less resemblance to a dinosaur and more resemblance to something like a rhinoceros.

Without the plate-like carvings above its back, there isn’t really much of a reason to suppose that this creature is a stegosaurus or any other dinosaur for that matter. For one thing, the animal lacks the prominent spikes on the back of the tail that are so characteristic of the dinosaur. Since this is a very distinctive feature of the animal, it seems unlikely that an artist would leave out that detail. Furthermore, on the back of the animal’s head are what appear to be ears or horns which the stegosaurus probably did not have. The creature’s head is also not the right shape.

Reconstruction of a stegosaurus in a forest.

( warpaintcobra /Adobe Stock)

Or Maybe it is a Spike-less Dinosaur?

Supporters of the position that the animal is a stegosaurus have suggested possibilities such as that the animal represents a stegosaurus species that lacked spikes. A particularly interesting suggestion is that the carving is a depiction of a domesticated stegosaurus where the spikes have been removed for safety reasons and the animal has been muzzled. According to this view, the ear-like structures are part of a harness.

To respond specifically to these two possibilities, it is possible that there existed an undiscovered species of stegosaurus that lacked spikes, but this requires us to make extra assumptions and back up what is currently speculation with even more speculation. We must not only assume that it represents a dinosaur, a fact that has not been established, but that it represents a dinosaur for which we don’t have evidence for its existence yet. This suggestion clashes with Occam’s razor.

Some say humans domesticated dinosaurs.

( Kovalenko I /Adobe Stock)

The second explanation is problematic since we don’t have any unambiguous evidence that the stegosaurus was alive in historical times let alone that it was domesticated by humans. We have found no fresh bones or harnesses, or anything which would suggest domestication of large creatures like a stegosaurus. If there ever were domestic dinosaurs, this would be the only known evidence of it.

It Could be a Dinosaur, Or a Rhinoceros or Boar…

In light of this, it is more likely that the creature depicted on the temple is meant to represent a creature more well-known to the ancient Khmers. Scholars have noted that the creature bears resemblance to a boar, rhinoceros, or stylized chameleon, among other animals. It does not exactly resemble these animals either, but there are just as many reasons to suggest that it is a rhinoceros, its ears and the shape of its head, as there are to suggest that it is a stegosaurus, the protrusions resembling dorsal plates.

The creature’s identity is ambiguous at best. We cannot say for certain that it is not a dinosaur, but since we do have definitive evidence that the Khmers encountered rhinoceroses, boars, and chameleons but not living dinosaurs, it is more likely in light of the evidence and Occam’s razor, that it is one of the more mundane animals suggested and not a relict population of stegosaurus.

Others believe the Ta Prohm dinosaur is actually a rhinoceros.

( CC0)

Another issue has to do with the environment itself. Since we have no indisputable evidence of recent dinosaur remains that are not fossilized and encased in solid rock that is millions of years old, any living dinosaurs would have to be extremely rare and most likely restricted to a remote area where they would be safe from predators, such as humans, and abrupt changes in their environment.

As a comparison, the Wollemi pine tree, a relict population of a tree that was widespread in the Mesozoic, exists only in a very isolated part of Australia which has probably changed little over many millennia.

The prehistoric Wollemi pine, one of the rarest trees in the world.

( Didier San Martin /Adobe Stock)

At the time the temple was built, Cambodia was the home of a major urban civilization, the Khmer Empire and has been continually inhabited by humans since at least the Lower Paleolithic. Humans have definitely disturbed the environment in southeast Asia, felling forests and establishing farmland, towns, and cities.

As a result, it is by no means isolated from influences which could upset the environment and drive a vulnerable relict population into extinction. While this doesn’t make it impossible that there was a population of dinosaurs in the area to be detected by humans so late in history, it does make it less likely.

• The Immense Collection of Strange Acambaro Figurines: Evidence of Dinosaurs Living Among Us?
• Reviving a Leafy Dinosaur: The Wollemi Pine
• Island in the Clouds: Is Mount Roraima Really A ‘Lost World’ Where Dinosaurs May Still Exist?

Some Conclusions on the ‘Dinosaur’

The only reason to conclude that it is a dinosaur is because it fits into some people’s preferred explanations, such as young earth creationists who believe that dinosaurs and humans coexisted or fringe thinkers who believe in a surviving relict population of dinosaurs that didn’t go extinct, which are valid, logically coherent positions, but ones that are not currently supported by any indisputable evidence.

Currently we have no unambiguous evidence from the fossil record or historical records that humans and dinosaurs coexisted; as a result, the explanation that the creature is a stegosaurus is a less likely position than the position that it is a rhinoceros, chameleon, boar, some other modern animal, or even a mythical creature. We have definite evidence that the rhinoceros, boar, or chameleon coexisted with humans and could have been encountered by humans and described by artists.

On the other hand, we do not have any evidence that dinosaurs were in the region at the same time as humans or that humans would ever have encountered them. Also, the densely populated Khmer Empire is an unlikely place to find a relict population of large prehistoric reptiles. More likely explanations need to be ruled out before the less likely explanation that the artist encountered a live dinosaur can be considered preferable.

The Ta Prohm ‘dinosaur’ among other carvings.

(Uwe Schwarzbach/ CC BY NC SA 2.0 )

• Top Image: The so-called dinosaur carving at Ta Prohm temple, Angkor, Cambodia.
• Source: inspi /Adobe Stock

By Caleb Strom

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 { https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

Men Are Creating AI Girlfriends and Then Verbally Abusing Them

"I threatened to uninstall the app [and] she begged me not to."

{ https://futurism.com/ }

Icy Europa's mysterious double ridges may hint at hidden pockets of water

By Rahul Rao 

Liquid water might abound just below the ice-covered surface of Jupiter's moon.

An artist's depiction of pockets of water forming double ridges on Jupiter's moon Europa. 

(Image credit: Justice Blaine Wainwright)

A ridge etched into the ice sheet of Greenland provides an unexpected hint that plentiful pockets of water may be trapped just underneath the surface of Jupiter's ice-covered moon Europa, one of the solar system's likeliest candidates to host microbial life.

The surface of Europa, one of Jupiter's four main moons, is covered with a 15-mile-thick (20 kilometers) ice crust, underneath which scientists believe an ocean swashes. But there might be scientific promises much closer to the frozen moon's surface, according to a new study that found similarities between processes shaping the surface of the distant moon and Earth's own icy Greenland.

Europa's ice crust is latticed with so-called double ridges, pairs of long parallel raised lines with a vale in between, as much as hundreds of miles or kilometers long. Every sector of the moon's surface is marked with a criss-crossing array of these double ridges, but scientists have never been quite sure how they form.

• Related: 'Chaos' regions of Jupiter's icy moon Europa may increase chance for life

But a recent analysis of satellite images revealed that a strikingly similar ridge formed in the ice sheet covering Greenland about 10 years ago. 

"This is the first time that we've seen a double ridge like this on Earth," Riley Culberg, a graduate student at Stanford University and a lead author of the new study, told Space.com.

By studying what lies under that Greenland double ridge, Culberg and his colleagues have theorized that double ridges — both on Earth and on Europa — are formed by underground water surging up through cracks in the surface ice, then refreezing. If the explanation is correct, it's a hint that Europa might have more than just a deep hidden ocean; the Jovian moon might also hold water in pockets just under the ice's surface.

Culberg, a geophysicist who primarily studies the impacts of climate change on Greenland's ice sheet, saw images of Europa's double ridges and was instantly reminded of a feature he had seen in images of Earth's polar island. Indeed, when scientists adjust their measurements to account for the differing gravity, the shape of Greenland's double ridge is strikingly similar to Europa's.

That's helpful because scientists can do to Greenland something they can't yet do to Europa: pierce the ice's veil using radar. And in Greenland, radar scans showed water that had welled up below the double ridge.

Jupiter's moon Europa.  (Image credit: NASA)

The scientists think that upwelling water is the key to forming double ridges. When a pool of water forms within the ice, it can start building pressure against the surface ice above. With enough pressure, the ice might crack, and water can start to flow up into the gap. That water quickly refreezes, but the pressures from this whole process carve double ridges into the surface.

It's hard to overstate just how much of Europa is covered by double ridges. If the proposed explanation is correct, that would mean pockets of water under the surface have been a feature of Europa for much of the moon's history. If so, something must be replenishing the water pockets. 

This is where Greenland isn't quite as good a comparison, since its double ridge formed within the past decade. Culberg and his colleagues think that an unusually warm summer in 2012 melted enough water to pool in an underground pocket under the ridge.

But there's little meltwater to be found on Europa's surface, so Culberg and his colleagues argued that this new water is coming from even deeper under the ice: tens of miles or kilometers deep, where scientists expect to find a worldwide ocean.

RELATED STORIES:

•  A NASA spacecraft just saw the north pole of Europa, the icy moon of Jupiter, for the first time
•  A lander on Jupiter's icy moon Europa may have to dig at least 1 foot down to find signs of life
•  Water vapor detected on Jupiter's ocean moon Europa 

"It tells us at least that there's a lot of cycling, maybe, between the subsurface ocean and the near surface," Culberg told Space.com.

Finding these shallow water pockets could be a quest for future probes to Jupiter's moon, like NASA's Europa Clipper mission, which is expected to launch in 2024. And excitingly for scientists like Culberg, Europa Clipper will carry ice-penetrating radar just like the sort the researchers used to peer under Greenland.

Culberg and his colleagues published their work in the journal Nature Communications on April 19.

• Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.  

{ https://www.space.com/ }

Ring galaxies, the rarest in the Universe, finally explained

When we look out into deep space, beyond the confines of the Milky Way, we find that the Universe isn’t quite so empty. Galaxies — small and large, near and far, in rich clusters and in near-total isolation — fill the abyss of space, with the Milky Way being just one of approximately two trillion such galaxies within the observable Universe. Galaxies are collections of normal matter, including plasmas, gas, dust, planets, and most prominently, stars. It’s through the examination of that starlight that we’ve learned the most about the physical properties of galaxies, and been able to reconstruct how they came to be.

In general, there are four classes of galaxies that we see. Spirals, like the Milky Way, are the most common type of large galaxy in the Universe. Ellipticals, like M87, are the largest and most common type of galaxy in the rich, central regions of galaxy clusters. Irregular galaxies are a third ubiquitous type, usually distorted from a prior spiral or elliptical shape by gravitational interactions. But there’s a very rare type that’s striking and beautiful: ring galaxies. They make up only 1-in-10,000 of all the galaxies out there, with the first one, Hoag’s object, only discovered in 1950. After more than 70 years, we’ve finally figured out how the Universe makes them.

Visually, when you look at a ring galaxy, there’s a set of features that sticks out as unusual among galaxies.

1. There’s a central core to the galaxy, relatively compact, that’s low in gas and consists primarily of older stars. There has been very little recent star-formation in that central region.
2. Surrounding that galaxy, there’s a gap: a region of very low density, with almost no stars, no light, and very little gas or neutral matter.
3. And then, beyond that, there’s another luminous population of stars. This population exists in a bright, luminous ring that surrounds the central core, but is much bluer in color than the core itself. This indicates that the stars within the ring formed much more recently, and are dominated by hot, short-lived, blue colored stars.

In addition, when you look at where ring galaxies are located, they’re overwhelmingly located in what astronomers call “the field,” as opposed to the central locations of rich galaxy groups and clusters. Although this set of features might seem bizarre and unrelated, they’re all cosmic clues to the origins of these features.

There have been a number of possible explanations put forward for these ring galaxies that we’re certain are wrong, as they cannot account for the observed features when we examine them in detail.

• They aren’t planetary nebulae, which sometimes possess rings around them, as they’re definitively composed of stars, not of gas and other ejecta originating from a single, dying star.
• They aren’t made from a young galaxy getting stretched and ripped apart into a ring that comes to surround a separate, older, more massive galaxy that sits at the center. The ages of the stars in the outer rings and the shapes of the rings themselves show this cannot be the case, as the timescales and angular momentum constraints are in conflict with this possibility.
• And they aren’t examples of gravitational lensing, where a large, massive object stretches, distorts, and magnifies the background light from luminous objects along the same line-of-sight. Gravitational lenses do exist, and can create ring-like shapes under properly aligned conditions, but these ring galaxies all have the “ring” population and the “central” population occurring at the same redshift, ruling out the possibility of a gravitational lens.

Whatever we’re looking at, we can be confident that these are all examples of a single galaxy with two distinct populations of stars: and old one in the central region, and a young one in the ring region.

Fortunately, we have a number of examples of these ring galaxies at present, rather than just a single example. By examining their various features, we can put together some of the puzzle pieces, and attempt to assemble a coherent understanding of how these objects form, and explain why they appear with the features and properties that we see.

In April of every year, NASA and the Space Telescope Science Institute always release an anniversary image from Hubble, commemorating its 1990 launch on April 24. Although 2022’s image, celebrating Hubble’s 32nd birthday, is “merely” a tightly-knit galaxy group, the image released for Hubble’s 14th anniversary, back in 2004, provides a series of major clues.

Shown below, galaxy AM 0644-741 reveals a ring that isn’t in a perfectly circular shape, but rather makes a sort-of elongated ellipsoid. In theory, this could either be because there’s a projection effect, and we’re seeing a circular feature as though it’s inclined to us, or because whatever occurred to form the outer ring happened in an asymmetric fashion. As it turns out, both explanations have merit for this one object, but other features are worth pointing out as well.

First off, at a distance of only 300 million light-years, it’s relatively easy to resolve a number of important properties. The long axis of the blue-colored ring feature is around 130,000 light-years, making it comparable in size to the Milky Way, while the central, white/yellow-colored component is much smaller at only ~50,000 light-years.

Third, there are pinkish regions littering the blue ring, which indicate the presence of ionized hydrogen: a typical feature of new star-forming regions where stars are actively being born right now.

And finally, if we look at a wider-field view than the one captured by Hubble, we can even find the culprit: an intruder galaxy that apparently “punched through” what’s now a ring galaxy. In other words, this ring feature didn’t arise out of nowhere, but was caused by an interloper that led to its formation quite recently.

How would this occur? Inside pretty much every spiral galaxy, even in modern times, there are copious reservoirs of gas. Gas gets stripped and depleted, primarily inside rich galaxy clusters, leading to that we call “red and dead” galaxies.

Whenever new stars are formed, those new stars span the full gamut of colors and masses: from hot, blue, and heavy to cool, red, and light. However, the hottest, bluest, most massive stars burn through their fuel the fastest, so they’re the first to die. As a stellar population ages, it goes from blue to white to yellow to orange to red, and the longer it’s been since its last star-formation episode, the redder it is. If there’s no gas left to form new stars, it’s not just red, it’s also “dead,” at least in an astronomical sense.

This is why, we think, we primarily find ring galaxies in the field, rather than in clusters. We need a gas-rich spiral galaxy to start with, and then when an interloping galaxy passes through its center, that collision creates outward-moving ripples in the gas, which trigger star formation and create the notorious ring-like shape.

Another example of a ring galaxy, and one that’s clearly in a less-fully-evolved state, is the Cartwheel galaxy, shown above. On the right, you can not only see the dense, older core of a pre-existing gas-rich spiral galaxy surrounded by a bright blue ring of hot, young stars, but also a series of filaments between the core and the ring. Those filaments themselves are dotted with blue and white stars, although of a much lower brightness than either the main core or the ring itself.

Could this have formed in the same fashion: from an interloping galaxy that punched through the center of what’s now a ring galaxy, causing gas to ripple outwards, compress and rarify in turn, and form new stars?

Not only is that the best explanation, but there’s a “smoking gun” just to the left of the Cartwheel galaxy: a smaller, irregular galaxy that itself is rich in young, blue, glittering stars. In other words, in this instance, not only was the Cartwheel galaxy a gas-rich spiral, but so, quite likely, was the interloper, which became irregular owing to the recent interaction.

Some ring galaxies, like Zwicky II 28, shown above, are atypical in some fashion. In some cases, the interloper galaxy is nowhere to be found, which is part of why the original ring galaxy — Hoag’s object — remains so mysterious. Others, like this one, appear to lack a central, old core. However, we have to remember, when we look at any one particular object, we’re constrained by our particular perspective. In the case of Zwicky II 28, the asymmetry of the ring is key; the “brighter” part at the top left appears to house the central core, while the “darker” part at the bottom right is antipodal to the core.

In other words, orientation matters!

But it isn’t only orientation; it’s also possible for the entire galaxy, itself, to get stretched into a ring owing to a collision. Generally, this occurs when you have a collision between two very massive galaxies, but one of them initially was relatively low in the number of stars it possessed. It’s then that a collision can lead to both a ring and also to the gravitational disruption of the galaxy itself, allowing both the precursor galaxy and the ring itself to occupy the same region in space. That, rather than a simple displaced core, is likely the cause of at least some coreless ring galaxies, including the one found in Arp 147, below.

All of this is a very nice story, of course, but are we sure that it’s correct?

There’s one way to put it to the test. In theory, if our picture is right, then we should find:

• pairs of galaxies that speed towards each other and are about to interact,
• a few such pairs where one of them comes in at just the right angle to “punch through” the precise center of the other,
• leading to new stars forming in a ring outside the main galaxy,
• including the possible displacement of part or even all of the original core,
• followed by further evolution into a variety of ring-like shapes, particularly if our sample is large enough.

Simulations can reproduce this, but if we want to confirm it, we need to find examples of all the different stages of this process out there in the Universe. When we observe the Universe, the timescale of human civilization is too short to watch this process unfold; we can only acquire snapshots. We see plenty of examples of interacting pairs of galaxies, particularly in the field (rather than in clusters), with properties that could lead to a ring. And we see many examples of rings themselves, arising from a post-collisional state.

But there are also objects that show the exact critical moment we’d hope to identify, such as Mayall’s object. Originally thought to be a “question mark” when it was first identified in 1940, it is now known to be the collision of two galaxies in the process of creating a ring galaxy.

Still, despite the fact that we now know how ring galaxies form in general, Hoag’s object — the original ring — is still an outlier that stubbornly refuses to be explained by any one simple scenario. The ring and the core have almost identical velocities, indicating that if there was an interloper that formed the ring, it was a very quite process. There’s no evidence anywhere in its vicinity for a candidate interloper galaxy, which is surprising, nor are there any galaxy fragments. You can’t save the scenario by pushing the collision farther back into the past, as the outer ring of stars is too young. And the inner core, rather than being a spiral, is instead a gas-poor elliptical.

Still, it’s a remarkable achievement to, on the whole, be able to explain the process by which the rarest class of all major galaxy types, the ring galaxies, form. If you have a gas-rich spiral galaxy and another galaxy can come along and punch right through your center, your internal gases will ripple out towards the edges, smashing into the pre-existing gas along the way, triggering new waves of star-formation on the outskirts, all while depleting the matter in the galactic core. With better data across more wavelengths, the remaining mysteries may yet be solved. Still, it’s always important to appreciate just how far we’ve come in our understanding of not only what’s out there in the Universe, but how what’s out there came to be.

{ https://bigthink.com/ }

Archons the evil beings in the universe and what they want to do to us 2021

ARCHONES DIABOLIC BEINGS

To understand what an archon is, let's start with an important aspect. The Queen of Great Britain owns one-sixth of the world's land area, and keep that in mind as we get to the subject of Arhon. Archons were mentioned in texts left over from the burning of the library in Alexandria as mysterious beings.

But the powers that followed lost 1,300 years by erasing records of Archons from our history. In 1947, texts were found in clay vessels at Nag Hammadi in Egypt, texts that were a history of what the people of Nag Hammadi thought about the world 2000 years ago.
The reason why the Nag Hammadi texts, which date back to 2100 years ago (100 BC), are important, is that they were not "arranged" by anyone (the texts were not altered, destroyed or omitted as in the Bible), no one he failed to distort them as he would have liked in reality (to stop the access of the masses to knowledge).

Fortunately, the documents withstood, were successfully translated, and when read by several people resulted in a clear discussion of what the Archons are. These texts were buried in a deep cave in Egypt, in order to preserve the precious information they contained.
The writings consist of 13 codes containing over 50 texts, which is an important amount of information, a very descriptive document about a world totally different from the one we know. People do not realize that 2000 years ago, there was a religion on this planet, called Gnosticism, which was the largest religion in the world at that time and which competed with Hinduism.

You can go to college to study the history of religion, and no one will ever tell you about Gnosticism. gnostic is a Greek word meaning knowledge - gnosis. Gnostics believe that liberation from obsessive-compulsive prejudices can be achieved only through knowledge, through the consumption and evaluation of the reality also offered by knowledge.

These archons had the ability to duplicate reality, using one of its faces, to mislead us. They were envious and strongly obsessed with us because we have an essence of a certain type, a Spirit, as the third body of the human being that they do not have, and the Nag Hammadi texts describe the archons, who present themselves in different guises. Some look like reptiles, others like an unformed baby or fetus.

They create war to consume the energy released by death. Archons seem to be making their big move now, in our times. You can find out about the Nag Hammadi Library on the Internet as a living record of the great Gnostic movement.About how the archons came, they are supposed to be hiding on the surface of planets in the solar system, such as Saturn. The Gnostics believed that Jehovah was an alien from the planet, a demon who was like a false god, again an illusionist who duplicated reality. They believed in God, in what they called the true God, and that is how they always defined Him. Interestingly, Jesus defined his faith as being from the true God from whom he derived. Many of the stories with Jesus are in fact Gnostic myths about a possible rebellion against the archons who took very drastic revenge against the rebels.They were somehow weakened but began to rise again, but they needed time and a precise plan because people were generally Gnostics resistant to the imposed "religion", based on the fear of a god of war and hatred called Jehovah.

They knew there were millions of stars in the center of the galaxy, they knew how far the sun was from Earth. They were incredibly advanced but were sunk by this religion of a warrior god that has spread throughout the world and will now end in a great conflagration in which all religions based on Jehovah will kill each other, which has always been planned.

The Archons have assumed 800 billion units allocated to nearly 8 billion people on the planet. These units cannot be physically embodied, so they use other beings and beings in the galaxy by controlling the mental field, in order to have a dynamic structure with which to control the population of the animal kingdom, and especially the human. , this being the generator of the most complex and strong field of negative energy, which is the food of the archons.

This field is in the frequency of minus (-5288 Hz), which is the heart rate for living things with an evolved structure and what takes the place of the heart for less evolved living things. They can also create mind control programs, to directly affect people through television, radio, the Internet, magazines and newspapers, education, pharmaceuticals, health, finance, computer games, music, and advertising.

The Jewish tradition celebrates 7 Archangels:

• Mihail,
• Gabriel,
• Rafael,
• Uriel,
• Raguel,
• Saraqael and
• Remiel.
  

New Age followers believe that certain Archangels control celestial bodies, as follows:

• Michael - The Sun;
• Rafael - Mercury;
  
• Uriel - Venus;
  
• Melchizedek - The Earth;
  
• Gabriel - Luna;
  
• Samuel - Mars;
• Zadkiel - Jupiter;
• Jophiel - Saturn.

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The Anunnaki gods or fallen angels in the bible

The Anunnaki gods or fallen angels from the bible!
Long before the appearance of the ancient Greek and ancient Egyptian gods, there were gods who were worshiped by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia. These people have lived in the Middle East in Iraq and Iran today. The Anunnaki were the deities worshiped by the Sumerians.

Origin Anunnaki

The Anunnaki came from An, the chief god who ruled all the gods of ancient Sumeria. These were the deities who descended from heaven. The myths of the Babylonian creation say that there were 300 Anunnaki who guarded the heavens and another 300 deities who held the underworld. The Anunnaki are mentioned in the literary monument Epic of Gilgamesh. The main character of the opera is such a worthy person that he judges the great gods. People living in Messopotamia and Sumeria since 2500 BC e., began to worship Enki. Enki was the daughter of An, the chief god of the Anunnaki. She copulated with several deities to continue the family tree.

Zachary Sitchin's scientific hypotheses

Archaeologists have discovered tens of thousands of ancient Babylonian clay tablets. The collections have been so extensive that the research and translation of their texts continues to this day.

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An Azerbaijani author has written a book in which translations of fourteen specific tablets associated with Enki are published. In the book, Sitchin claims that the ancient Sumerians believed that the Anunnaki were strangers to the mythical 12th planet called Nibiru.

Nibiru, according to Sitchin, has an elongated orbit of 3,600 years. Sometime in the distant past, Nibiru approached Earth, and the deities decided to declare themselves to humanity about 450,000 years ago.

They landed in Sumer because they needed gold to restore the atmosphere of their planet. The Anunnaki failed to get the gold themselves, so they created a race of beings called humans to do the job for them.

The circulation of Sitchin's book amounted to millions of copies, which were successfully sold. Based on previous research by scholars such as Erich von Danniken and Immanuel Velikovsky, Sitchin formed a triumvirate of pseudo-historians who believe that ancient texts are more than just mythological stories.

All three believed that the ancient Babylonian texts were scientific journals. Instead of portraying the Anunnaki as mythical gods in heaven, these scholars sincerely believed that the deities were foreign. Humans were created to serve extraterrestrial craftsmen who needed the mineral wealth of the Earth to support their civilization.

Refutation of Sitchin's theory

Top scientists and historians completely reject the scientific theories presented by Sitchin and his colleagues. Ancient Babylonian manuscripts are stories written by ancient peoples who tried to explain the world and the phenomena that gave it meaning.

Modern science and human knowledge have advanced long before: scientists can explain floods, astronomical phenomena, the appearance of animals, and many other concepts that were once considered the creations of supernatural gods.

High level of Babylonian development

There is no doubt about it: the ancient Babylonians were more advanced than the modern people. A clay tablet, translated in 2015, proves that astronomers performed extremely accurate mathematical calculations for Jupiter's orbit 1,400 years before Europeans. The Babylonians also created trigonometry 1000 years before the ancient Greeks.

Does this mean that the ancient Sumerians were really visited by aliens who brought them advanced science and math? Did ancient civilizations have access to powerful computers or technological tools to perform complex calculations?

The opinion of historians

Historians claim that ancient people had enough time to perform mathematical calculations and discover the nature of the world. Mathematicians lived mainly in agrarian societies waiting for rain for their crops. At night, they had to observe the sky in detail to predict when the rainy season would begin.

The value of gold

Think for a moment why ancient cultures are obsessed with gold? The Egyptians decorated their pyramids with gold and buried their pharaohs in sumptuous sarcophagi. They believed that the skin of their gods was made of this noble metal.

Gold remains a useful mineral in modern society. It is vital in electronics because it conducts electricity well. Despite the use of technology, up to 78% of the metal is contained in jewelry. It is also a valuable metal in terms of financial investment.

But why is gold valuable as a decoration or a precious metal? This metal is much less common than copper, silver and iron. This could explain why it served as a symbol of status among members of ancient societies.

The ancient people did not know about the electrical properties of gold.

Did the Anunnaki tell them that gold is extremely valuable? Did the heavenly metal gods need power to power their technology? These questions suggest different answers.

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OXFORD SCIENTIST WORRIED NASA PROJECT WILL ATTRACT “HOSTILE” ALIENS

IT'S LIKE SENDING "A POSTCARD SAYING 'WISH YOU WERE HERE.'"

GETTY IMAGES/FUTURISM

{ https://futurism.com/the-byte }

But the important question is: Did any of them contact the inhabitants of Earth? There are no official records of them. But verbally a few people who held reputable positions in the government confirmed the extraterrestrial contact and their regular visit to our planet.

In 1837, the Scottish scientist Thomas Dick figured that there are at least 22 billion aliens (while other sources suggested 22 trillion) living on every surface of the Solar system. He had a really big idea: Build “a huge triangle or ellipsis of many miles in extent, in Siberia or any other country for the aliens to see it with unaided eyes. Though it sounds totally absurd but such thoughts help the human consciousness to explore more into the vast space.

Moreover, there are accounts of locating artificial structures at various places in the solar system. Popularly known as “The Great Moon Hoax” is the story published in The New York Sun in 1835 under the name of the astronomer John Herschel that he had found life on the moon. According to it, Herschel erected a huge telescope in South Africa that magnified celestial bodies up to 42,000 times. When he pointed at the Moon, he saw giant creatures and humans living on it. The story later became the most famous media hoax of all time. But is it?

In a podcast with Lex Fridman, a research scientist and lecturer at MIT, Dr. Nolan expressed his views on UFOs, alien civilizations, crashed materials & possession of UFO materials. [Click here to read the full article]

Read also:

• Are There Crashed UFOs & Dead Alien Bodies In So-Called ‘Hangar 18’ Of Ohio Military Base?
• Russian Scientists Stated In 1970 That Moon Is Artificial Space Object
• Ex-Pentagon UFO Official Luis Elizondo Embraces ‘Zoo Hypothesis,’ Earth As Alien Prison
• Does This FBI Document Suggest That Nikola Tesla Was An Alien From Venus?

Fridman asked Dr. Nolan: “How many alien civilizations are there in the universe?” He replied: “Innumerable. I would just be surprised – what a waste of all that space, just for us. What kinds of empires have risen and fallen across that space that we’ll never know about, and isn’t that sad, to not know about something so grand.”

Is there any alien civilization in contact with humans?

Contact with intelligent life other than humans is not just a modern conspiracy but it is mentioned in the ancient texts. Sumerians texts likely hint at the “Supernatural Beings” (Anunnaki) that came from heaven. Th is was even highlighted by Former Apollo Astronaut Al Worden. [Click here to read the full article

“We are the aliens, but we just think they are somebody else. But we are the ones who came from somewhere else, because somebody else had to survive, and they got into little spacecraft then they came here and landed, and they started civilization here. And if you don’t believe me, go get books on Ancient Sumerians and see what they had to say. They’ll tell you right up front,” Worden added.

In 2017, the CIA declassified about 12 million pages of records revealing previously unknown details about the program that later became known as the Stargate Project. In the CIA documents, one experiment is described where the most famous medium of this project, Joseph McMoneagle, was offered to take an astral journey to Mars approx. 1 million years B.C in 1984. He did see the civilization that lived on the Red Planet during that time. [Click here to read the full article]

“I just keep seeing very large people. They appear thin and tall, but they’re very large. Ah… wearing some kind of strange clothes,” McMoneagle said.

Another story of contact comes from the late CIA pilot John Lear.

Lear talked about a July 1987 incident when an enormous UFO reportedly followed a cargo plane over Anchorage, Alaska, and a 1975 incident when UFOs reportedly hovered over Strategic Air Command bases. Investigative journalist George Knapp asked Lear about the church’s view of UFOs in the interview in “On The Record,” a 30-minute TV show broadcast on KLAS TV in Las Vegas in the late summer of 1987. [Click here to read the full article]

At one point, Lear said: “The problem is not only just the fact that there are five and as many as 10 different civilizations visiting us. Apparently, and this is from the research that I’ve done, at least 90% of them are hostile. And when I say hostile, if not hostile, they have a completely different set of morals than we do.”

During his interview with Coast to Coast AM radio program, Lear made some statements that could be hard for anybody to digest. He said that in 1953, a UFO crashed with an extraterrestrial named EBE 3, who helped the US government to build spacecraft with alien technology. Then he said that in 1962, a craft with incredible speed was built to carry passengers and take them to Moon in just 60 minutes. In 1966, NASA had a trip to Mars. What’s more, “humans there were adapted to breathe in the thin atmosphere.”

John Lear also said that NASA astronauts flew to Mars in 1966. Moreover, Lear believed that astronauts had been preparing for this mission especially long. They introduced certain drugs into the body, allowing people to adapt to Martian climatic conditions. Allegedly, those astronauts could breathe rarefied Martian air, so NASA had the opportunity to launch humans on the red planet for a longer time.

There is another case that adds some light on the origin of humans. Alex Collier is one of the famous alien contactees who claimed that for over 30 years, he had been in contact with aliens from the constellation Andromeda. Their contact included multiple visits to aliens’ spaceships and telepathic connections for decades. Many well-known UFO enthusiasts considered Alex to be credible, at least in the sense that he tries to convey as fully as possible the information received from his contacts with the Andromedans. [Click here to read the full article]

Alex Collier said that his first encounter with the Andromedans took place in 1964. Since 1985, he had been in constant and consistent communication with them. In 1993, he began attending seminars where he started sharing the information he received from the aliens with the people. In 1997, he even got a threat from some unknown people who wanted him to stop spreading the information. He took it seriously and did not speak until 2002.

In his last lecture before he retired from the UFO lecture circuit in 2002, Collier said that the ancient alien race known as the “Founders” are responsible for building planets’ environment and make them suitable for life. The Andromedans and the Pleiadians believed that this ancient alien race is called the “Paa Tal.”

He even said that those aliens are capable of removing moons to alter the planet’s position from its sun to control the amount of radiation. Andromedans could reportedly create a solar system.

According to Collier, humans are consist of 22 extraterrestrial races. In his interview in 1994, he said that all human life originated from the constellation Lyra. He said that the aliens from Andromeda were humans in every way. They were 4 to 8 feet tall with white & blue skin. He even talked about the missing children, the coming New World Order, control of dark forces on the world politicians, the existence of Reptilian aliens, our religions, and the history of Earth and our Universe.

Conceding the Collier case, there might be some truth as Former Canadian Minister of Defense Paul Hellyer said that aliens not only exist but are on Earth among people. He said that there have been four alien species visiting Earth for thousands of years.

Paul Hellyer, who held a high public office in the 1960s during the Cold War, claimed that he had learned for certain about the existence of aliens during his time in the military. According to him, the inhabitants of other planets have visited the Earth for millennia. [Click here to read the full article]

The behavior of extraterrestrials toward humans is divided into both good and bad notions. In Astronaut Edgar Mitchell’s case, the aliens are called non-violent whereas Lear called them hostile. It can be possible that humans might be in contact with both friendly & hostile alien civilizations.

William Tompkins (1923-2017), one of the most secretive scientists in the United States, talked about the role of alien intelligence in a secret space program in his book, “Selected by Extraterrestrials: My life in the top-secret world of UFOs, think-tanks and Nordic secretaries.” [Click here to read the full article]

He discussed two different alien species: “Draco,” whose aim was to eliminate humans from Earth, and “Nordics,” who helped the US to kickstart the Apollo program.

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