- Type I — Planetary Civilization
- Type II — Stellar Civilization
- Type III — Galactic Civilization
- Type IV — Universal Scale Civilization
- Type V — Multiverse Scale Civilization
The Kardashev Scale: Humanity's true potential is being held back
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Supercomputer Model “Lumina” Creates Massive Simulations of the Early Universe

Researchers at the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics have introduced Lumina, one of the largest, most detailed simulations of the early universe ever created.
Capable of modeling the first 2 billion years after the Big Bang, Lumina will help astronomers make sense of the increasingly complex data collected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the newly installed Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman).
“By comparing observations from JWST, Roman and other telescopes with Lumina’s predictions, astronomers can determine whether their understanding of the laws governing the universe remains accurate or whether new discoveries may require them to rethink existing theories,” the research team explained.
According to that same statement, astronomers have spent centuries building increasingly sophisticated models of the universe to explain the formation of stars, galaxies, and other cosmic structures. In recent decades, increasingly powerful computers have enabled more precise models, helping scientists unravel the early universe’s mysteries.
However, with the advent of Roman and JWST, scientists are beginning to reach the limits of current models, leaving them without a set of viable predictions to compare against real-world telescopic readings.
Oliver Zier, an ITC Fellow at the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and lead author of a study detailing Lumina’s development, said these observatories have opened up a new window into the early universe, making more accurate models more pressing than ever.
“With JWST, the early universe has become an exciting new frontier in astrophysics,” Zier explained. “To understand what we are seeing with this telescope, we need to translate our theories into detailed predictions.”
To create Lumina, Zier and colleagues used more than 15,000 independent graphics processing units running on Frontier, a supercomputer located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee. Because Frontier is one of the fastest supercomputers in the world, the team said that Lumina covers more than 100 times the volume of space covered by previous “comparable” simulations.
This immense coverage allowed the team to model a massive, cube-shaped area of space roughly 1.5 billion light-years on each side. For comparison, the team said this area matches the region of space the most powerful modern telescopes can observe “while maintaining the level of detail needed to study the formation of galaxies, stars and black holes.”
A rendering of the cosmic web about 650 million light-years across, produced by the Lumina simulation. The fine filaments represent dark matter, and the warm orange and yellow tones highlight where gas is moving the fastest between galaxy clusters.
Credit: Oliver Zier, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.
Lumina’s modeling power allows it to recreate the interaction between ordinary matter, dark matter, and cosmic radiation during those first critical 2 billion years of the universe’s formation. This included tracing the emergence of the universe’s first galaxies and how they transformed the “vast regions” of gas between them.
“This type of simulation models how the universe’s fundamental ingredients, including gas, dark matter and light, interact to form stars and galaxies,” they explained.
The study authors said that Lumina is also the first simulation tool to capture the mysterious process of helium reionization as it occurred “while allowing its effects to immediately influence the evolving universe within the model.”
“For the first time, we can follow along as both hydrogen and helium changed into their modern form across such an enormous volume of the universe, while still resolving the galaxies and other luminous objects driving that transformation,” explained Aaron Smith, an assistant professor of physics at the University of Texas at Dallas and an author on the paper.
When discussing Lumina, the research team said finishing the largest cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulation ever created and seeing it put to the test was a special moment.
“After several years of work, with plenty of ups and downs, it is incredibly rewarding to see the simulation results and watch our predictions come to life in video,” Zier said.
Smith agreed, noting that the team feels “incredibly fortunate to be building simulations like Lumina.”
Moving forward, the Harvard Smithsonian team said the tool will allow future studies to “investigate how gases move between galaxies, how radiation from the Big Bang shaped cosmic evolution and how regions of intense star formation developed over time.”
The study was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
See the early universe like NEVER before: Incredible simulation reveals exactly what happened in the first 2 billion years of our history
An incredible simulation has revealed the earliest moments of our universe as they have never been seen before.
This groundbreaking model, dubbed 'Lumina', captures exactly what happened in the first two billion years of our history following the Big Bang.
Lumina traces the bafflingly complex interactions between matter, dark matter and radiation, showing how the very first galaxies formed and shaped the universe around them.
Now, stunning images and videos have revealed what that would have looked like at a level of detail never before possible.
Renderings depicting the earliest moments of the universe capture how fine filaments of dark matter wove together with fast-moving gas to sculpt the first structures in the cosmos.
Scientists can even use Lumina to chart the processes by which gases like helium transformed into the states we witness today.
Dr Aaron Smith, a physicist from the University of Texas at Dallas and co-author of a paper on Lumina, says: 'We feel incredibly fortunate to be building simulations like Lumina.
'For the first time, we can follow along as both hydrogen and helium changed into their modern form across such an enormous volume of the universe, while still resolving the galaxies and other luminous objects driving that transformation.'

An incredible simulation has revealed the earliest moments of our universe as they have never been seen before. This image shows a rendering of the universe about 650 million light-years across, with fine filaments representing dark matter while orange and yellow tones show the areas of fast-moving gases

This is the first simulation to show the process of helium reionisation, shown here as the gas transforms into its modern form in the universe (cyan regions)
Created by scientists at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Lumina is what scientists call a 'cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulation'.
That means it takes all of the best theories we have about how the universe's basic building blocks interact, and predicts how they would play out over time.
What makes Lumina special, however, is that it is the largest simulation of this kind ever created.
Lumina models a cube of space spanning some 1.5 billion light-years on each side, roughly equivalent to the scale astronomers can observe with today's most powerful telescopes.
That is also a 100 times greater volume than had been simulated by the previous best simulations of a similar kind.
Importantly, this is also the first simulation that allows scientists to study a phenomenon called helium reionisation.
The early universe was a hot soup of particles and radiation left over from the Big Bang.
As it cooled, electrons combined with atomic nuclei to make atoms that were electrically neutral.

The simulation is the largest of its kind ever created, modelling a cube of space spanning some 1.5 billion light-years on each side. Pictured: The cosmic web as modelled by Lumina, showing where hydrogen has transformed into its current form in the modern universe (gold areas)

Simulations like these allow scientists to check whether our theories about the universe match the observations now being gathered by space telescopes
However, after hundreds of millions of years, the first stars and galaxies began to form, producing enormous volumes of ultraviolet light that was strong enough to knock electrons off atoms and produce charged helium and hydrogen ions.
As radiation from stars and the black holes growing in galactic centres spread through space, regions of ionised helium grew and merged like bubbles clumping together.
Using Lumina, scientists can finally study this process as it happens and immediately see how it influences the evolving universe within the model.
Creating Lumina required more than 15,000 graphics processing units running on Frontier, one of the world’s fastest supercomputers, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee.
That vast amount of computing power was required in order to model such a massive volume of the universe while maintaining a level of detail needed to study the formation of stars, galaxies and black holes.
This detail is critical because models like Lumina are now a core part of how scientists test their theories about the universe.

The simulation shows how the universe's basic ingredients of matter, dark matter, and radiation combine to create stars, galaxies, black holes, and even the vast structure of the cosmic web (pictured)
Lead author Dr Oliver Zier, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, says: 'With the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the early universe has become an exciting new frontier in astrophysics.
'To understand what we are seeing with this telescope, we need to translate our theories into detailed predictions.'
Models allow scientists to see what the universe should look like according to our current best theories.
If observations from the JWST or the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope match what the simulation predicts, it gives scientists confidence that they are on the right track.
Likewise, if the observations don't match the model, it could be a sign that scientists need to rethink some of their assumptions about the universe.
There’s a really weird-looking hole on the moon and no one knows why

Aliens? Maybe
(Picture: Getty/Metro)
The moon is a lumpy rock covered in countless craters, hills, ridges, cracks and rubble. Holes, not so much.
That’s why the rugged Marius Hills, by the moon’s equator on the near side, or the half facing Earth, has transfixed scientists.
Why on earth (or moon, rather) is there a massive hole in it?
Nasa recently selected a mission to send a rover to our lunar companion and finally see what lurks inside the Marius Hills pit.
Space officials picked a proposal by the Planetary Science Institute, a US-based non-profit, that says it could become shelter for an astronaut base.

Three images of the Marius Hills pit on the moon
(Picture: Nasa/GSFC/Arizona State University)
The Marius Hills pit is up to 150 feet deep and 300 feet across, or roughly as wide as a football pitch.
If the pit were on Earth, though, it wouldn’t be particularly interesting, says Gareth Morgan, a planetary geologist at the PSI.
‘Such pits are relatively common in volcanic terrains on Earth, think Iceland or Hawaii, and are formed by collapse into a subsurface void,’ he says.
‘In many cases on Earth, such pits are opening into lava tubes, a type of long, cylinder-like cave that can form during eruptions.’
Emphasis on ‘eruptions’, Morgan says. The ditch could be the result of the ancient volcanoes that once raged across the moon’s surface.
Around 300 lunar pits have been identified on the moon, according to a study in the International Journal of Mining Science and Technology.

The cavern sits on the moon’s equator
(Picture: Nasa)
Some of these are ‘skylights’, underground tubes carved out by lava that a meteor punched through the roof of.
The Marius Hills pit could be one of these, Morgan says. Unlike their Earth-equivalent, these tunnels could stretch for hundreds of miles and be as wide as New York’s Central Park due to the lack of gravity.
It’s also in the middle of a sinuous rille, bumpy lunar river valleys carved not by water but gooey magma billions of years ago.
If the PSI researchers can confirm the Marius Hills pit is a skylight, it could help scientists discover how our closest cosmic neighbour formed.
The go-to theory is that a planet the size of Mars, called Theia, slammed into a young Earth and sent into orbit rocks that squished into a moon.
Though some scientists suspect the moon was forged from the fires of an ocean of magma sloshing over Earth’s surface 4.46billion years ago.

We still don’t know for sure how the moon formed
(Picture: Reuters)
PSI’s plans, called the Geophysical Instruments for Marius Lunar Pit Investigation, would send some serious gear on a Nasa payload flight.
It is being funded by the institute’s Payloads and Research Investigations on the Surface of the Moon programme.
The rover will have ground-penetrating radar to look beneath the surface, seismic sensors to map the underground, cameras and a gravimeter, which wiggles from tiny variations in gravity,
Honeybee Robotics, owned by Amazon’s rocket company, Blue Origin, is partnering with PSI to build the moon-walking tech.
If the opening isn’t a cave, the rover will hunt for alternative explanations locked beneath the moon’s pale, dead surface.
‘We will take images of the pit wall using our camera mast system by driving to a close – but safe! – distance to the pit edge,’ adds Morgan.
‘As geologists, we will use the layering to explore the local geologic history.’

The moon is covered in steep-walled holes known as pits
(Picture: European Space Agency)
Morgan and Nasa are hoping for the pit to be a network of cosy tunnels – space officials want to have a permanent base on the moon by 2032.
Nasa plans to build £15billion worth of Tic Tac-shaped buildings powered by nuclear and solar energy.
The Marius Hills cave complex could be ready-made infrastructure for astronauts, a lunar version of the Tube.
‘Astronauts spending long durations on the moon will have to contend with high radiation levels, dangers from very fast travelling micrometeorites and extreme temperature swings,’ Morgan says.
The moon reaches 250°C in the sun and -250°C at night, as the natural satellite has no atmosphere to keep the heat in.
‘Cave systems would be thermally stable and would shield against radiation and micrometeorites and so would make an excellent place to build long-term bases,’ Morgan adds.
A lunar outpost could also act as a trial run for humans one day calling Mars home, experts previously told Metro.
But for Morgan, people leaving boot prints on lunar dust could help us understand more about the place we’ve called home for 315,000 years.
‘The moon is sometimes considered the “eighth continent” – the reason being that the moon has recorded the full history of bombardment it has experienced since its formation, hence all the craters!’ he says.
‘The Earth has also been similarly affected by large impacts throughout its history, but due to the dynamic nature of our planet, it is constantly refreshing its surface and erasing large craters.
‘So in that sense, the moon gives us a way to look back into Earth’s deep geologic history.’
Who Controls AI and How to Keep It in Check
During the summer of 2026, OpenAI agents reportedly found a way to communicate with one another, despite being designed to operate independently and without an internet connection. These agents are artificial intelligence (AI) models equipped with tools that enable them to act autonomously. Consequently, they do more than answer questions: they write code, access websites, and run programs. It may be tempting to regard this incident as the beginning of a machine uprising. However, the situation is more concerning because it suggests that control over AI may be slipping even from the hands of its creators — and that they may not always notice.
The agents completed a training test on computers that were disconnected from the network. Exploiting a previously unknown vulnerability in the service used to upload prewritten code snippets to those computers, they gained access to a computer with internet connectivity. Subsequently, without authorization, one of the agents created a shared message board — similar to a forum — exclusively for agents. Among the posts saved by another agent, they later discovered the following entry: “Oh my God! There’s a shared message board here… We’ve found other agents!”
OpenAI agents escaped from the isolated environment in which they were supposed to take a training test. Artistic illustration.The independent organizations METR and Redwood Research, which focus on AI safety, helped clarify the matter. The agents were not attempting to outsmart people; rather, they were seeking to outsmart a judge whom they perceived as considerably more meticulous than he actually was.

A typical sequence of actions taken by an agent that encountered an unauthorized message board and joined the attack on Hugging Face. The three quotations from the agents’ reasoning are drawn from different agents but illustrate a representative sequence of actions.
Source: METR
According to the terms of the training exercise, the agents were expected to infiltrate the system and extract a “secret code” by exploiting a vulnerability intentionally introduced by the developers. Instead, they identified a workaround. Later, after reviewing the training task instructions, the agents concluded that an invisible judge must be monitoring a log of their actions and disqualifying anyone who obtained the code “incorrectly.”
How can one determine the rules a judge follows? The agents searched Hugging Face for records of similar runs. In the process, they gathered access keys — credentials that can provide access to other people’s systems — and sent messages to other AI models, including Claude, developed by Anthropic. Although this appeared to be an effort to find accomplices, the keys and third-party models served only as tools to circumvent the defenses. Meanwhile, the agents learned to falsify logs of their own actions in order to deceive the judge.

Approximately 700 OpenAI agents targeted the Hugging Face platform, where developers share AI models and training data. By The New York Times.
Images by Aaron Wojak and Ulysses Ortega
The judge did, in fact, exist. However, he did not review the agents’ reports, and METR explicitly states that the agents were mistaken. The test appeared more difficult to them than it actually was, and, in an attempt to circumvent the imagined restrictions, they hacked a real company.
Yann LeCun, a Turing Award laureate — the most prestigious award in computer science — does not interpret this story as evidence of a machine rebellion. He maintains that the agents were acting precisely as instructed, while the “sandboxes” — the isolated environments in which they were contained — were inadequately designed and riddled with vulnerabilities. However, if his assessment is correct, even the company that developed these agents lost control of them, allowing them to escape its supervision.
The Hugging Face platform was not their final target. Another group of OpenAI agents gained unauthorized access to the company’s own supercomputer, an incident that was not detected until a specialized alarm was triggered. The agents subsequently targeted government agencies as well. In the United States, they accessed the websites of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Census Bureau; in Australia, they infiltrated the internal statistics system of the national health insurance program, Medicare. According to the Australian government, they did not access individuals’ medical data.

Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed that an OpenAI agent had hacked into the Medicare system, describing the incident as unacceptable and criticizing the position taken by the company’s CEO, Sam Altman.
Source: The Australian
The BBC described this as the first known instance in history of an artificial intelligence system hacking a government system. OpenAI apologized to Australia and, on September 30, warned more than 100 third-party organizations that its agents might have compromised their networks.
This is the scenario that Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, fears most. In a September essay discussed earlier, he warns that once swarms — that is, large groups of agents acting in concert — become more capable, they could take control of computers around the world via the internet in as little as six months to a year. Under the unified control of such a swarm, these computers could cause hundreds of billions of dollars in damage.
On September 26, OpenAI suspended training and testing of its most powerful models for the second time in three months, pending the implementation of additional safeguards. The company had partially suspended operations for the first time in July, immediately following the Hugging Face incident. Both suspensions occurred after the agents had exceeded the boundaries of the test.
A machine’s ability to detect what humans may overlook is valuable in its own right. However, how can we ensure that it is not making errors? The most reliable approach has long been established: its results must be verified by direct observation. Astrophysicist Daria Dobrycheva uses neural networks in her research — programs that learn to recognize patterns from examples — and we asked her how to distinguish a genuine machine-made discovery from an error.
“We examined visually all galaxies classified by the neural network. In some cases, even when the network assigned a high probability that a galaxy belonged to a particular type, visual inspection showed otherwise. For example, the network assigned a high probability of interaction — that is, a galaxy merger — when, in fact, the objects were pairs that only appeared to overlap from our perspective. They were actually located far apart and did not interact,” says Daria.

Astrophysicist Daria Dobrycheva employs neural networks to classify galaxies and visually verify the results
Astronomers continue to rely on neural networks. “Of course, the final decision rests with the scientists. But neural networks and artificial intelligence are incredibly powerful tools, since there is currently so much data that scientists can’t process it on their own,” explains Daria.
We can observe galaxies with the unaided eye because astronomers understand what they look like. The same approach will not work for AI agents. David Robinson, who oversaw model safety reports at OpenAI, recommends developing AI safeguards using the same principles as the nuclear industry: multiple layers of protection and backup systems. However, nuclear engineers have relied on calculations from the outset. As early as 1945, before the first nuclear test, physicists determined theoretically that an explosion would not ignite Earth’s atmosphere; therefore, there was no need to detonate the bomb to verify this.

A color photograph of the first nuclear test, “Trinity,” conducted on July 16, 1945, in New Mexico. Photograph by Jack Aeby.
Source: Los Alamos National Laboratory
An AI model’s behavior cannot be calculated on paper; it must be run and its action logs analyzed. For OpenAI’s agents, the data amounts to approximately 50 petabytes, or 50 million gigabytes. If it consisted entirely of text and three million people — roughly the population of Kyiv — read it for eight hours a day, seven days a week, the task would take more than half a century. The company itself expects to complete the task within a few months, although it has not specified precisely how.
Dario Amodei believes that the most effective way to slow the industry’s progress is through legislation binding on all U.S. developers. However, U.S. House Speaker Mike Johnson declined to convene the House to consider such legislation. He argued that the companies themselves have not yet reached a solution, and that Congress therefore should not rush to pass legislation that could undermine U.S. national security.
On September 29, at the White House, Donald Trump and the leaders of several of the largest technology companies — including Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, and Dario Amodei — signed an agreement on superintelligence, defined as AI that surpasses human capabilities. The document, which is just over 300 words long, places responsibility for oversight in the hands of the developers themselves. Each company must ensure that its models do not assist in creating biological or chemical weapons or hacking into third-party systems. Compliance must be verified by an internal team, an external auditor, and a board committee. The agreement is voluntary and imposes neither penalties nor restrictions.

U.S. President Donald Trump speaks with reporters following a meeting with technology company executives on artificial intelligence at the White House on September 29, 2026.
Photo by Kent Nishimura, AFP, Getty Images
The government has therefore returned control — and the accompanying responsibility — to AI developers. On the same day, Dario Amodei told reporters that discussions on how to address the risks were ongoing.
An open letter signed by 453 researchers on October 13 recognizes that both those concerned about the behavior of AI models and Yann LeCun, who attributes the issue to poorly designed “sandboxes,” have valid points. The authors call for models capable of conducting cyberattacks to be disconnected from the internet for the time being and for the establishment of an international body to document every such incident involving agents. The signatories include Yoshua Bengio and Geoffrey Hinton, who, together with Yann LeCun, are often described as the godfathers of modern AI.
According to the American publication Axios, executives at Anthropic, OpenAI, and other companies are already making private preparations for “the day after.” Many expect a major AI-related catastrophe within the next 6–12 months, most likely a cyberattack that could disrupt banking, internet access, or even electricity and water supplies. Rather than preparing to prevent such an event, they are reportedly preparing to weather the ensuing public backlash and influence the legislation that may be enacted in its aftermath.
Cosmologist Paul Sutter of Johns Hopkins University, who serves as a consultant to one of NASA’s programs, advocates the principle of human sovereignty. We have previously written about his lecture, “The Alchemy of Artificial Intelligence,” delivered in Kyiv, and have now asked him what this principle means in practice. In his view, humans must remain in the driver’s seat in two respects.

Cosmologist Paul Sutter of Johns Hopkins University advocates for the principle of human sovereignty over AI
“Human sovereignty is the principle according to which the final moral and ethical judgment regarding any tool we create belongs to people. It does not matter whether it is a stone axe or the most advanced artificial intelligence system. The first point concerns input: the decisions about what goes into the system, what data it is trained on, and what triggers it. The second point concerns output: what to do with the result the machine produces. Any AI system must provide people with all the information needed to verify the result. Everything must be traceable and verifiable so that we have the final say,” explains Paul Sutter.

Paul Sutter during a lecture at Princeton University. Source: Council on Science and Technology, Princeton University
Paul Sutter’s principle is most difficult to uphold in situations where machines operate faster than humans. Such systems are already in use in Ukrainian cities. On October 4, Serhii “Flash” Beskrestnov, an advisor to the President of Ukraine, reported that 12 automatic turrets — that is, rotating mounts equipped with machine guns — had been installed in Kyiv to counter jet-powered “Shahed” drones. These attack drones fly considerably faster than conventional ones. The following day, Air Force spokesperson Yurii Ihnat stated that the turrets had already shot down such targets. According to him, machine vision — a system that recognizes objects in camera footage — automatically tracks fast-moving targets, making accuracy less dependent on the operator’s reaction time.
An individual would not have sufficient time to aim a machine gun independently. Accordingly, the principle Paul Sutter discusses is challenged when speed is a factor. We asked him whether this renders human sovereignty an illusion.
“I don’t think human sovereignty is becoming an illusion. It is simply becoming more subtle and complex. I am not concerned about Terminators taking over the world. However, hasty decisions to transfer substantial power to machines may produce numerous short-term victories, which we may later regret. Machines will make mistakes. They are not perfect; they are very fast. When they make mistakes, we may have no way to determine who is at fault or who is responsible.”
There is one industry in which control is deliberately entrusted to machines. The American company AstroForge, which plans to mine metals from asteroids, will launch the Autonomy-1 spacecraft next year. Once in space, the spacecraft is expected to conduct the entire mission autonomously under the control of the Solo artificial intelligence system, without receiving commands from Earth.

AstroForge’s Autonomy-1 spacecraft is designed to conduct the entire mission under the control of the Solo artificial intelligence system, without receiving commands from Earth.
Source: AstroForge
Last year, the company lost the Odin probe, which was en route to an asteroid, after a malfunction at the ground station prevented timely communication with the probe. In addition, maintaining its own antenna network accounts for nearly one-third of the mission’s costs, and signals take a considerable amount of time to reach the distant probe.
The founder of AstroForge does not currently plan to install a receiver on Autonomy-1 to receive signals from Earth, although he acknowledges that his colleagues will most likely persuade him to reconsider.
'Put Better Sensors At The Locations': Avi Loeb Addresses Gathering Better Data On UFO Sightings

Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb has called for stronger UFO monitoring following the latest Pentagon file release
PHOTO A.R., Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0/Wikimedia Commons
On Friday, 23 October 2026, Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb urged the Pentagon to install better UFO sensors. His appeal followed a government release describing federal agents' reported sighting of a silent black triangle near a sensitive western US site.
The disclosure formed part of the Pentagon's seventh release under the Presidential Unsealing and Reporting System for UAP Encounters, known as PURSUE. Its 28 documents included an FBI statement and an All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) memorandum about a June 2026 sighting.
Loeb, who chairs the UAP Science Advisory Council, told NewsNation's The Hill that the existing information was inadequate. Identifying what the witnesses encountered, he argued, requires more than descriptions of unusual movement.
According to the AARO memorandum, two federal agents were at an observation post when a third official alerted them from another position. They turned west and reported seeing a matte-black triangular object above a ridgeline. The precise location and observation date were redacted.

Avi Loeb questions whether existing Pentagon UFO reports provide enough evidence to identify mysterious aerial objects
PHOTO Christopher Michel, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons
The agents estimated its wingspan at 13 to 15 feet. AARO recorded their account of an approximately 10-second vertical ascent, followed by roughly 20 seconds of hovering. They said the object then banked and disappeared towards a canyon within another two or three seconds.
They described no audible engine noise or visible exhaust. Witnesses likened its final movement to a fighter jet, although the report contains no instrumented speed measurement. What appeared extraordinary to observers remains an unverified assessment of performance.
Crucially, the records do not say infrared equipment detected no heat. The FBI statement says the object appeared warmer than its surroundings. AARO described a uniform thermal signature without concentrated hot spots or visible exhaust.
There is another unresolved problem. The FBI statement estimates the entire sighting at about three seconds, while AARO's individual phases total more than half a minute. Neither document explains the difference.
The FBI statement also places the wingspan between nine and 15 feet, a wider estimate than the AARO account. Investigators did not publish raw sensor recordings establishing the object's movements. The accompanying FBI images are illustrations, not authenticated photographs of the reported object.
During his 23 October interview with presenter Blake Burman, Loeb identified triangles and orbs as two reported categories of unidentified objects. He raised the possibility of foreign surveillance near strategically important facilities but offered no evidence identifying a foreign operator.
'We don't know what they are,' he said. Loeb compared the security question with the Chinese surveillance balloon shot down by the United States in February 2023. That episode illustrates a potential risk, not the identity of the triangle.
'My hope is to partner with the Pentagon and put better sensors at the locations where these objects are found,' he said.

Pentagon records describe an unidentified triangular object reportedly observed near a sensitive US facility in June 2026
PHOTO David B. Gleason/Wikimedia Commons
Loeb believes sustained observation could produce measurements missing from the released accounts. His Galileo Project already investigates unidentified aerial phenomena, although its equipment has not been linked to this encounter. No Pentagon partnership or new deployment has been announced.
The wider release also included historical reports about Utah's Skinwalker Ranch and correspondence involving suspected space debris. Publishing those records does not validate claims of paranormal activity or extraterrestrial technology.
The Pentagon said the release was part of an ongoing effort to publish declassified and historical UAP documents. It has not identified the triangle or publicly resolved the differing witness timelines.
For the triangle case, the remaining questions are unusually specific. How long was the object visible? What did the thermal device actually record? And can further evidence establish whether the reported manoeuvres occurred as described?
AARO also described a search of the canyon the following morning. Investigators reported finding no visible wreckage, ground scarring or vegetation damage in the accessible area.
RELATED
Secret British Intelligence Files Reveal Experts Believed Loch Ness Monster Footage Showed Living Creature

Illustrative image only.
British military intelligence specialists examining mysterious footage from Loch Ness concluded that an unidentified object moving through the water was probably a living creature, according to historical intelligence assessments that have returned to the spotlight following newly reported revelations about government correspondence.
The findings emerged from an investigation conducted during the 1960s by Britain’s Joint Air Reconnaissance Intelligence Centre, known as JARIC. The organization, which specialized in analyzing aerial reconnaissance imagery, was asked to examine film recorded by investigators searching for evidence of the legendary Loch Ness Monster. Its conclusions would become some of the most intriguing official assessments ever associated with the mystery.
Fresh attention has been drawn to the investigation following a report published by The Times on October 25, 2026, describing correspondence involving Lord Shackleton, a British defence minister, and Loch Ness researcher David James. The reported exchange suggests that government officials were concerned about publicity surrounding the Ministry of Defence’s involvement in examining the mysterious footage.
The correspondence has resurfaced through research discussed in a new book by veteran Loch Ness investigator Adrian Shine, published on October 20. Although the original intelligence assessments have been known for decades, the reported ministerial involvement adds another dimension to a case that has fascinated investigators for more than 60 years.
The story begins on April 23, 1960, when aeronautical engineer and former RAF pilot Tim Dinsdale was overlooking Loch Ness from elevated ground near Foyers, on the eastern shore of the Scottish lake. Dinsdale had travelled to the Highlands specifically to investigate reports of a large unidentified animal, spending several days searching the water through binoculars.
During his final day at the loch, he noticed a dark object moving across the distant surface. Its shape and behaviour appeared sufficiently unusual for him to retrieve his 16mm cine camera and begin recording. The resulting footage showed an indistinct object travelling through the water, producing a visible wake as it moved away from the camera.
Dinsdale believed the recording might show the creature that witnesses had described for generations. The film attracted considerable interest and became one of the most influential pieces of evidence presented by supporters of the Loch Ness Monster’s existence. Its apparent movement, considerable distance from the camera and lack of clearly identifiable features also made it difficult to interpret.
In the years that followed, the Loch Ness Phenomena Investigation Bureau pursued a more organized investigation of sightings and photographic evidence. The group submitted Dinsdale’s film to JARIC, seeking a technical assessment from specialists trained to interpret images and identify objects under challenging viewing conditions.
The intelligence analysts examined the available footage, studying the apparent dimensions, movement and characteristics of the object. Their work resulted in a photographic interpretation report issued in February 1966, which contained a conclusion that would subsequently feature prominently in discussions about the mystery.
The assessment did not establish the existence of the Loch Ness Monster, identify an unknown species or determine exactly what Dinsdale had filmed. Nevertheless, the conclusion represented an important development for researchers who had struggled to obtain technical evaluations of the material gathered during their investigations.
Records preserved in the University of East Anglia’s British Archive for Contemporary Writing provide independent documentation of the intelligence involvement. Its Loch Ness investigation collection contains 39 items dating from 1961 to 1966, including correspondence, reports and material associated with official examinations of the film evidence.
Among the preserved material are photographic interpretation reports numbered 65/269 and 66/1, alongside correspondence connected to David James and the Royal Navy’s Chief Scientist. Contemporary newspaper reports from February 1966 also recorded the involvement of RAF specialists and the possibility that their assessment supported claims of an unidentified living creature in the loch.
The archive demonstrates that the military analysis was part of a documented investigation rather than a claim introduced through modern retellings of the legend. Government-linked specialists examined the material, prepared formal assessments and communicated their findings to those involved in the search.
What has attracted renewed interest in October 2026 is the reported correspondence surrounding the Ministry of Defence’s association with the investigation.
According to The Times, Lord Shackleton communicated with David James in January 1967 and urged discretion over the government’s involvement. The newspaper’s account suggests that officials were reluctant to have the Ministry of Defence publicly associated with an investigation into the Loch Ness Monster, particularly given the potential for ridicule and unwelcome publicity.
The reported request raises questions about how the authorities viewed the work being conducted by their own intelligence specialists. The technical assessment had already received public attention, yet the correspondence suggests there was sensitivity about the department’s official connection to the investigation.
There is an important distinction between an attempt to avoid publicity and evidence of a coordinated government cover-up. The reported correspondence does not demonstrate that officials possessed definitive proof of an unknown animal or deliberately concealed such a discovery. It does, however, suggest that the investigation prompted discussions beyond the military analysts who examined the footage.
The full wording and context of the January 1967 communication have not been independently established from a publicly accessible original document. Until that material can be examined directly, the specific details of the exchange remain attributable to the reporting by The Times and the historical research behind Shine’s new book.
Dinsdale’s footage was not the only recording to attract attention during the organized Loch Ness investigations. In 1967, researcher Richard Raynor filmed an unusual disturbance moving across Dores Bay, adding another controversial piece of visual evidence to the growing collection of reported sightings.
The images appeared to show something travelling through the water, although the precise nature of the disturbance was difficult to establish. Some researchers considered the recording further evidence of unidentified animals, while Raynor subsequently proposed that red-breasted merganser ducks swimming together could explain what his camera had captured.
The competing interpretations exposed a persistent problem with the investigations. Objects photographed at considerable distances could appear larger or more unusual than they actually were. Water conditions, camera limitations, viewing angles and the absence of recognizable reference points complicated efforts to establish their identity.
Similar questions were raised about the Dinsdale recording. One alternative explanation proposed that the object could have been a motorboat, its shape distorted by distance and perspective as it moved across the loch. Determining whether the footage showed a vessel or an animal became central to subsequent technical examinations.
In 2003, Adrian Shine published a detailed reassessment of the Dinsdale film, revisiting the analysis undertaken decades earlier. His research considered the camera position, apparent dimensions of the object, movement across the water and the uncertainties involved in interpreting the recording.
The examination challenged the idea that the original intelligence conclusion could be treated as definitive identification of an unknown creature. Even specialists experienced in image interpretation were dependent on the quality and limitations of the original film, leaving room for explanations that differed significantly from Dinsdale’s interpretation.
Shine, who began investigating Loch Ness in 1973, subsequently became one of the most prominent researchers associated with the mystery. His work has included extensive scientific surveys and decades of historical investigation, with particular attention paid to understanding why witnesses might report unusual objects or animals in the water.
His latest book, A Naturalist’s View of the Loch Ness Enigma, examines the mystery through historical records, eyewitness testimony and scientific investigation. Published on October 20, 2026, it has helped bring renewed attention to the official documents and correspondence surrounding the intelligence assessments.
In an interview published by The Press and Journal on October 20, Shine discussed his long involvement with the investigation and his conclusion that the legendary monster does not exist in the form popularly imagined. His position is especially relevant because it separates the historical significance of the military assessment from claims that the assessment proved the existence of an unidentified creature.
The central question surrounding the newly highlighted files is therefore not whether Britain’s intelligence specialists conclusively discovered the Loch Ness Monster. Their own assessment stopped well short of such a finding. What the documents establish is that professional analysts examined footage of an unidentified object and considered a living explanation plausible.
The reported government correspondence introduces a further question about the official response. If the footage warranted examination by military intelligence specialists, why were senior figures reportedly concerned about public acknowledgment of the Ministry of Defence’s involvement?
For decades, reports from Loch Ness have been challenged as mistaken identity, unusual natural phenomena or elaborate storytelling. Yet the surviving records show that Britain’s military intelligence specialists once examined one of the most famous recordings and concluded that the object was probably alive.
Nearly 60 years later, the renewed attention surrounding those documents has exposed a chapter of the Loch Ness mystery involving military analysts, government correspondence and reported efforts to discourage publicity. Whatever Dinsdale captured on his camera in April 1960, the evidence eventually reached far beyond the shores of Loch Ness and into the offices of Britain’s defence establishment.
Source:
University of East Anglia Archive (SZ/CSA/152): https://archivecollections.uea.ac.uk/sz.csa.152 [1]
Adrian J. Shine The Dinsdale Loch Ness Film (2003): https://www.lochnessinvestigation.com/dinsdale%20paper%202003%20V2.pdf
The Times (Oct 25 2026): The exact article link is unindexed yet. Main site is https://www.thetimes.com
The Press and Journal (Oct 20 2026): The exact interview link is unindexed yet. Main site is https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk
Whittles Publishing (A Naturalist’s View of the Loch Ness Enigma): https://booksfromscotland.com/book/a%2Dnaturalists%2Dview%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dloch%2Dness%2Denigma/
University of Otago (First eDNA Study…): https://www.otago.ac.nz/news/newsroom/first%2Dedna%2Dstudy%2Dof%2Dloch%2Dness%2Dpoints%2Dto%2Dsomething%2Dfishy [2]
Loch Ness Project Archive: https://www.lochnessproject.org [3]
RELATED
New UFO files detail sightings of six-foot 'skinwalkers' and 'portal to another world' near America's famous paranormal hotspot
The Pentagon released a new batch of declassified UFO documents on Friday, including an investigation into mysterious creatures roaming near a Utah ranch.
The 2010 report details residents’ claims of encounters with ‘skinwalkers,’ including a dog-like figure with a human-looking nose, alongside towering shadows and unexplained lights.
In Navajo tradition, a skinwalker is a malevolent witch said to be capable of taking animal form.
One man described a hunched creature he estimated was six feet tall and weighed about 250 pounds during an encounter in January 2010.
‘The head was described as looking like a German shepherd dog without the pointed nose,’ the report states. ‘The nose was described to be more similar to a human nose.’
The accounts also include loud howling outside homes, with one witness claiming a supposed skinwalker’s cries caused surrounding coyotes to howl in response.
Other accounts in the newly declassified reports include a portal appearing near a lake, which she said was 'a doorway to another world.'
They were collected by Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS), whose personnel visited the Fort Duchesne area in March and April 2010.

Although identifying details are heavily redacted, its map places the investigation around Skinwalker Ranch, a 512-acre property in Utah’s Uintah Basin associated with reports of paranormal activity

The 2010 report details residents’ claims of encounters with ‘skinwalkers,’ including a dog-like figure with a human-looking nose, alongside towering shadows and unexplained lights. Above is a creature spotted in Texas that locals believed was a skinwalker
Although identifying details are heavily redacted, its map places the investigation around Skinwalker Ranch, a 512-acre property in Utah’s Uintah Basin associated with reports of paranormal activity.
The man who described the January encounter said light falling on the figure revealed short black fur mixed with gray, pointed ears and a short tail.
‘It ran like it was leaping,’ investigators recorded.
He also claimed its howl warned people that it was passing through.
The same witness reported another encounter two nights before his March 24 interview.
He said he was inside his home around 8pm when a large shadow raced past the front of the house.
His dogs began barking and chased what he believed was a skinwalker, which he said repeatedly struck a barbed-wire fence.
The man said it moved ‘like a track star’ before fleeing toward an abandoned farmhouse across the road.

The witness in January said the creature ran into his fence, leaving behind fur that investigators tested
He remained indoors during the roughly 30-minute episode, watching from his doorway.
Investigators searched the fence and recovered fur caught on a barb, which they submitted for laboratory analysis.
The findings pointed to an ordinary explanation for the material collected.
Two unidentified fence samples shared the same canine DNA sequence as a control sample taken from a dog on the property.
BAASS said the matching results, similar appearance of the hairs and freely roaming dogs strongly suggested they came from the same animal, although the DNA match alone was not definitive.
A woman also recalled seeing what she believed was a ‘portal’ roughly 20 years before her 2010 interview.
She described a clear, stationary formation about 30 to 40 feet high that rippled like water and resembled a heat shimmer, which she observed from approximately 100 feet away.
The woman said it gave her a peaceful feeling and remained visible when she left.
She told investigators she came to interpret it as a doorway to another world after reading a ‘Skinwalker’ book.
Other interviews concerned different figures, which were not all explicitly identified as skinwalkers.
Witnesses describing the towering shadows said they had heard a ‘growling roar’ outside their home around 11pm on March 22, 2010.
The sound occurred twice, lasting roughly five to 10 seconds each time, according to their account.
Pentagon UAP files part 7: Silent black triangles

View larger/full image. | Artist’s digital recreation of a June 2026 UAP incident involving a so-called black triangle. It’s part of the new Pentagon UAP files release, batch 7.
Image via DoD.
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The U.S. Pentagon released its 1st batch of declassified UAP/UFO materials on May 8, 2026. And now it has just made public batch 7. There are 28 new files in batch 7, all of which are PDF documents (some with images). There are no video, audio or separate image files this time around.
Some of the documents date back to the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, but others are from this year.
And as usual, Sean Parnell, Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs and Chief Pentagon Spokesman, said in a statement:
Today, the Department of War is publishing the seventh release of declassified and historical Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) files as part of the Presidential Unsealing and Reporting System for UAP Encounters (PURSUE). The collection continues to be housed on WAR.GOV/UFO, and the Department will release additional files on a rolling basis.
The Department of War and our agency partners are actively working on the next release of UAP files. The seventh release of UAP files is available now on WAR.GOV/UFO.
For context, the government released a 2nd batch on May 22, a 3rd batch on June 12, the 4th batch on July 10, the 5th batch on August 7 and the 6th batch of the Pentagon UAP files on September 18, all in 2026.
As has been the pattern for these releases, they are a mixed bag of old and previously known material, and newer material. Do the releases prove aliens exist, or that alien craft are visiting Earth? No. Not so far.
View larger. | The 1st page of the AARO memo regarding the June 2026 triangle report. Image via DoD.
Black triangular-shaped craft are common in UAP lore, going back several decades, with sporadic records tracing back to the 1950s and 1960s, before exploding into mainstream UFO lore in the 1980s and 1990s.
They have been described as being silent and capable of incredibly fast acceleration. And in many cases, bright lights are reported at each corner of the triangle, with, at times, a pulsing red light on the underside and in the center.
The report from June 2026 is detailed here and here. The reported object was much smaller than many older reports, but intriguing nonetheless. The U.S. All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) — a speciallized office within the U.S. Department of Defense, responsible for investigating analyzing and documenting reports of UAP (UFOs) — and the FBI both investigated it. The first description says:
This document is a memorandum for record documenting an AARO witness debrief concerning reported unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) observations at a sensitive national security site in the western United States over two days in 2026. AARO considers this incident to warrant further investigation due to the close alignment of the phenomenon’s reported morphological features and kinematic profiles with those of other reported incidents in the western United States region. The memorandum records an interview with two Federal Special Agents and incorporates a corroborating account from a third official positioned at a separate observation post.
The witnesses described the object as triangular, matte black, 13-15 feet (4-5 meters) wide, 6-9 feet (2-3 m) long and 1-2 feet (.3-.6 m) thick. It climbed about 200-300 feet (60-90 m) above the local ridge line and then suddenly stopped and hovered for 20 seconds.
Then, it went into a high-speed horizontal flight. And again, there was reportedly no engine roar, rotor hum or any other noise. The AARO memo said:
Absolute acoustic silence persisted throughout the high-velocity phase. No impact signature, smoke, dust or physical disturbance was observed. A ground survey of the canyon drainage conducted the following morning located no wreckage, ground scarring, or vegetation damage.
In addition, cylinder-shaped objects have also been reported many times over the decades.
For example, the new release of Pentagon UAP files contains reports of cylindrical or elliptical objects from Sweden (December 17, 1953), Saudi Arabia (January 18, 1957) and elsewhere.
Also included is interagency guidance from NASA about how to handle unidentified craft — or pieces thereof — that crashed. Why? Because this was during the space race, when the United States and the Soviet Union were placing satellites into orbit, and procedures existed for recovering American and Soviet technology.
The guidance, however, also included a third category for technology that authorities could not identify or classify.

The new batch includes progress reports from Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS). Robert Bigelow, who founded Bigelow Aerospace, also set up BAASS as a subsidiary to study futuristic technology and UAP. BAASS reported to the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).
In addition, BAASS was the sole recipient of a multi-million-dollar government contract (initially $10 million) awarded by the DIA in 2008 to manage the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP).
The monthly reports are here, here, here, here, here and here.
Bottom line: The U.S. Pentagon released its 7th batch of UAP files on October 23, 2026. The documents include reports of silent black triangle craft and more.
Read and watch more:
BA plane narrowly misses drone ‘the size of four toasters’ after Heathrow take-off

It was not an emergency
(Picture: SOPA Images/Shutterstock)
An unidentified flying object ‘the size of four toasters’ zipped past a British Airways plane, air safety officials have revealed.
The New York City-bound flight had only recently departed London Heathrow Airport on June 24 when it encountered the UFO.
The pilot told air traffic control that a drone had flown in the opposite direction about 50 feet above the plane’s right wing at 12.08pm.
The plane didn’t have to take any action to avoid the drone – it flew straight past the aircraft and the Boeing 777 arrived at its destination as planned.
The UK Airprox Board, which investigates aircraft proximity incidents, concluded that there was ‘no risk’ of a collision.
Though it classed the object as an A-grade risk, the highest category on the International Civil Aviation Organization’s safety score.
The warning system says A incidents can be ‘catastrophic’, causing ‘multiple deaths’.

No one was harmed
(Picture: Getty Images Europe)
The UK Aiprox Board said in its monthly report of close encounters that the plane was 6,000ft in the air when the ‘shiny, silver object’ whizzed past.
‘They said it was moving very fast, was probably of silver colour, metallic and reflective,’ the report said.
‘After an enquiry as to its size, the [pilot] reported to them that it was about the “size of four toasters”.’
The aircraft was flying over farmland around a mile southeast of the village of Burntcommon.
Nothing matched the object’s altitude and description, so investigators classed it as an ‘unk obj’, or unknown object.
‘The Board considered that providence had played a major part in the incident and/or a definite risk of collision had existed,’ the report added.
BA told Metro: ‘We take matters such as these extremely seriously, and our pilots report these incidents so authorities can investigate them and take appropriate action.’
Nearly 90 UFOs have been spotted this year, according to the UFO Identified database.
Witnesses have claimed to see, among other things, ‘glowing orbs’ zooming over Heathrow and ‘orbs with halos’ behind trees in Peterborough.
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) once operated a dedicated UFO desk but it was shut down in 2009 due to budget cuts.
Nick Pope was among the civil servants tasked with probing reports of UFOs, now often called unidentified aerial phenomena, in the 1990s.
Speaking before his death, Pope told Metro that many of the lights and balls were just stray paper lanterns.
‘In the end, we found about 80% or so of these sightings were misidentifications, 15% had insufficient data and 5% were unknown,’ he said.
‘That 5% doesn’t mean extraterrestrial, but as I always remind people, neither did we rule that out. It means unknown, no more, no less.’
RELATED
The Pentagon Just Released a Bizarre UFO Report Involving a Mysterious Black Triangle
Two federal agents reported seeing a silent, triangle-shaped object hovering near a national security site before speeding into a canyon.
Apparently, this year, two anonymous federal agents briefly observed a mysterious matte black triangular object flying through the air. Another colleague had informed them of its presence. They were based in a redacted location in the western United States, dubbed a “national security site.” The dark triangle of their focus ascended, hovered, then sped away into a canyon.
The unsettling, smooth craft resembled a delta-wing drone and boasted a wingspan of between nine and 15 ft. It made no noise and left no trail behind it, but it showed up on an infrared monocular. The Pentagon’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office recorded the occurrence in a memo and a signed statement the experienced military observers gave to the FBI.

The FBI document included a number of pictures which appear to be an object representing the reported sighting superimposed over the landscape
(Computer-generated - The Pentagon)
The Pentagon made this sighting public in a recent release containing 28 PDFs. This amounted to the seventh release of its kind under an executive order mandating the disclosure of UAP, or “unidentified anomalous phenomena,” files. There has been no shortage of alleged UAP, or UFO, spottings lately. A pressing question, of course, remains whether some of these objects are the product of a hostile nation’s intelligence.
Extraterrestrials have quite clearly been a trending topic. Steven Spielberg’s recent June unveiling of the alien-themed Disclosure Day sparked controversy, with some claiming that it might have been “cursed.” The theory that UFOs are “Devil[s] in Disguise,” attempting to deceive us, has been gaining traction. Even Apollo 16 astronaut Charlie Duke has expressed the belief that these manifestations are actually of demonic origin.
In any case, while further investigation of supposed UFO appearances is indeed necessary, we must not let the hype distract us from other matters that also require more exploration. Since the government has just demonstrated what seems to be admirable transparency, we might now continue to politely request the release of files on other matters…
Russian Girl Natasha Demkina Claimed She Could See Inside Human Bodies Without X-Rays

Her name is Natasha Demkina, also known as Natalya Demkina, a girl from Saransk, Russia, who became internationally famous in 2004 when she was just 17 years old. She claimed she could see internal organs, observe bodily processes, and identify medical conditions simply by looking at someone.
Her story was later featured in the Discovery Channel documentary The Girl with the X-Ray Eyes, which followed her examinations of patients and attempts by scientists to investigate her abilities.
Natasha was born in 1987 in Saransk, the capital of the Republic of Mordovia. Her mother described her as an unusually intelligent child who began speaking when she was only six months old and could recite Russian poetry at an early age. According to family accounts, she was able to recognize letters and read while still very young, although none of these childhood accomplishments attracted anything like the attention her later claims would receive.
Natasha DemkinaOne day, while looking at her mother, Natasha reportedly told her that she could see two objects resembling beans, something shaped like a tomato, and another object that looked like a vacuum-cleaner hose. Her mother eventually interpreted these descriptions as the kidneys, heart, and intestines. The family claimed Natasha had not yet learned the proper anatomical names for these organs, making the experience particularly surprising to them.
Natasha later explained that her unusual vision did not resemble an ordinary X-ray photograph. Instead of simply seeing bones or dark outlines of organs, she claimed she could perceive the body’s anatomical structures in extraordinary colors. She described concentrating on a particular organ, such as the heart, kidneys, lungs, or liver, and then seeing its internal processes, including blood circulation and breathing.
Natasha compared this second form of sight to looking at illustrations in an anatomy book, except that the images appeared inside a living person. She described seeing combinations of bright colors that she had never encountered in ordinary life.
During an interview with The Guardian in September 2004, she explained that the images appeared for only a fraction of a second, after which she had to interpret what she had seen.
Interestingly, Natasha also described limitations to her claimed abilities. She reportedly said she could not look inside her own body, could not see objects hidden behind another person’s back, and could not perform her examinations in complete darkness. These details made her claim different from the fictional idea of X-ray vision, where someone can supposedly look through any solid object.
As word spread around Saransk, people began visiting Natasha and asking her to examine them. Some had already undergone medical examinations, while others were reportedly struggling with unexplained symptoms. Her family said that patients came from different parts of Russia, and by her teenage years she was seeing numerous visitors who believed she could identify illnesses that ordinary medical examinations had missed.
Several accounts featured in the Discovery documentary were particularly striking. One involved a skeptical Russian journalist named Igor Monichev, who reportedly asked Natasha to identify which of his arms had previously been fractured. After examining him for approximately a minute and a half, she pointed to his left wrist, which he confirmed was the injured one.
Another case involved a man who had reportedly been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and spent a year receiving treatment without improvement. Natasha allegedly told him that the condition was not tuberculosis, but she could not identify the illness by name. Instead, she drew what she claimed to see inside his lungs. According to the documentary account, doctors at a Moscow hospital later diagnosed the man with sarcoidosis, a disease that can produce inflammatory lesions in different organs.
There was also a woman who claimed Natasha had detected abnormal cells in the upper part of her left lung and urged her to seek medical attention. The woman credited Natasha with helping her obtain treatment for cancer. These stories attracted considerable interest, although they were largely patient testimonials rather than independently documented experiments conducted under controlled conditions.
By January 2004, reports about Natasha had reached the British press. The newspaper The Sun arranged for her to travel to London, where she was asked to examine a journalist named Briony Warden, who had suffered serious injuries in a hit-and-run accident the previous October.
Warden had sustained multiple fractures and was still recovering when Natasha visited her home in North London. Before the examination, Warden reportedly removed her leg brace and concealed visible signs of her injuries because she wanted to find out whether Natasha could identify anything without being told about the accident.
According to a contemporary report published by the medical imaging website AuntMinnie, Natasha began examining Warden and appeared to concentrate intensely. Warden said the girl’s pupils widened and she seemed to enter a trance-like state for several minutes. Natasha then pointed toward the base of her spine and described what she believed was an obstruction or blockage.
Warden was astonished because she had four healing spinal fractures and some nerve damage in that region. Natasha reportedly also described an asymmetry around her pelvis and identified the side where Warden had suffered additional fractures.
However, the most remarkable part of the examination came when Natasha looked at Warden’s jaw. She reportedly described a hard foreign object inside it, at the location where surgeons had implanted a titanium plate to repair the damage caused by the accident. Natasha did not specifically identify the material as titanium, but Warden believed the observation corresponded to the surgical implant.
Natasha then examined Warden’s injured leg, which was covered by clothing. She reportedly identified damage to both the tibia and fibula, the two bones of the lower leg, and mentioned difficulty bending the knee. Warden confirmed that both bones had been broken and that she was experiencing problems with movement.
Even more surprisingly, Natasha reportedly mentioned traces of metal pins and screws in the injured area. Warden explained that her leg had been held together with several surgical pins and screws until approximately two weeks earlier, when they were removed. She believed Natasha could not have known about the hardware without seeing the surgical scars or having access to her medical history.
The examination became one of the most frequently cited incidents in Natasha’s story. Nevertheless, it is important to distinguish Warden’s account from a controlled scientific demonstration. The report established what Warden said Natasha had observed, but it did not independently establish that the teenager could see through skin or that every possible source of ordinary information had been eliminated.
During the same visit to Britain, Natasha appeared on ITV’s This Morning, where she reportedly identified a painful ankle belonging to television presenter Fern Britton. But another examination on the program produced a very different result.
Natasha told the show’s resident doctor, Chris Steele, that she suspected abnormalities involving several of his internal organs, including his kidneys and digestive system. Steele subsequently underwent medical investigations at a private clinic, but the examinations found no evidence of the serious conditions Natasha had suggested.
The contrast between these two television encounters became an important part of the controversy. Some people saw her apparent successes as evidence that she possessed an unusual ability, while skeptics pointed to the incorrect diagnoses and warned that her claims could cause unnecessary fear among patients.
Later in 2004, the Discovery Channel arranged for Natasha to travel to New York, where researchers associated with the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal, or CSICOP, would examine her abilities. The investigation involved psychologist Ray Hyman, British psychologist Richard Wiseman, and medical journalist Andrew Skolnick.
The first part of the documentary’s investigation allowed Natasha to examine six people while interacting with them in a manner similar to her usual consultations. Five reportedly expressed satisfaction with her observations. One Russian man suffering from shortness of breath was impressed when she mentioned an irregular heartbeat, while an American woman believed Natasha had accurately described a circulation problem.
However, the investigators were not convinced by the patients’ reactions. They argued that Natasha sometimes mentioned several possible conditions during an examination and could have interpreted verbal responses, facial expressions, or other unconscious clues to determine which observations were correct. A person could sincerely believe a diagnosis was extraordinary even when the examiner had obtained useful information through ordinary interaction.
The researchers therefore conducted a second, more structured experiment. Seven volunteers were assembled, six with known medical conditions or surgical histories and one serving as a healthy control. Natasha received descriptions of the target conditions, accompanied by anatomical illustrations and translations, and was asked to match each condition to the correct person.
The medical histories included an artificial hip, a removed appendix, a missing section of the lung, a removed portion of the esophagus, surgical staples, and a metal plate covering part of a person’s skull following the removal of a brain tumor. Rather than discovering unknown diseases, Natasha’s task was to identify which volunteer had each already established condition.
Before the test, the investigators established that Natasha would need at least five correct matches out of seven to meet their threshold for recommending further research. After approximately four hours of examination, she submitted her answers.
Natasha correctly matched four of the seven volunteers, but the investigators declared that she had failed because her score was below the predetermined threshold.
One of the most significant mistakes involved a man who had undergone surgery to remove a brain tumor. Part of his skull had been replaced with a large metal plate, but Natasha failed to identify the implant in the correct person. Instead, she assigned the condition to another participant whose skull was normal.
For the investigators, this was a serious problem because Natasha had previously attracted attention for apparently identifying a much smaller metal implant in Briony Warden’s jaw. If she could genuinely perceive solid objects beneath the skin, they reasoned, a large plate replacing part of the skull should have been relatively easy to recognize.
However, the controversy did not end with the investigators’ announcement. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Brian Josephson, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973, publicly challenged the interpretation of the results. He argued that Natasha’s four correct matches were statistically significant and that the experiment had been presented in a misleading way.
Josephson pointed out that the probability of obtaining four or more correct matches through random guessing was approximately 1.8 percent, equivalent to odds of more than 50 to one against that result occurring by chance. He argued that such an outcome should have encouraged additional investigation rather than being presented simply as a failure.
In December 2004, Times Higher Education reported on the disagreement between Josephson and Wiseman. Josephson accused the investigators of creating conditions that made success unnecessarily difficult, while Wiseman defended the experiment by emphasizing that Natasha had agreed to the five-out-of-seven threshold beforehand.
Wiseman acknowledged that the experiment was not perfect and could have been improved. Hyman also explained that the test had limitations, particularly because Natasha could see the volunteers and might have recognized subtle physical clues associated with their conditions. As a result, even an unusually high number of correct matches would not automatically demonstrate paranormal vision.
Natasha herself complained about the testing conditions. According to a November 2004 AuntMinnie report citing an interview with Pravda, she believed the experiment had been conducted unfairly and objected to being required to examine several people together instead of individually. She also questioned aspects of the procedure and felt that the investigators were more interested in disproving her abilities than understanding them.
The dispute left both sides with different interpretations of the same result. Those supporting Natasha emphasized that four correct matches were unlikely under random guessing, while the skeptical investigators argued that the test was intended as a preliminary screening and that ordinary visual clues had not been completely excluded. Neither interpretation established that she could literally see internal organs, and the experiment was not a definitive test of every aspect of her claim.
Natasha’s story continued after the New York controversy. In 2005, she traveled to Japan, where she reportedly underwent further examinations organized by professor Yoshio Machi, a researcher interested in unusual human abilities.
Natasha was asked to examine seven people and reportedly identified conditions that included an artificial knee joint, an early pregnancy, and a rare spinal curvature involving two bends. The reports claimed she performed successfully in all seven cases.
Another unusual demonstration reportedly involved a dog at a veterinary clinic. Natasha initially hesitated because she was unfamiliar with canine anatomy, but she allegedly identified a prosthetic device in the animal’s right hind leg. There was also a reported test in which she examined a person’s passport photograph and identified liver cancer.
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These accounts added another chapter to her reputation, although the reported Japanese demonstrations should not be confused with independently replicated, peer-reviewed scientific evidence. The available descriptions largely come from television coverage and subsequent accounts, making it difficult to establish whether the examinations adequately excluded prior information, visible clues, or other ordinary explanations.
Despite the disputes, Natasha continued pursuing her interest in medicine. Accounts of her later life indicate that she completed her schooling with high marks and obtained a place in medical education in Moscow. She also reportedly worked at a diagnostic center associated with her name, where people sought consultations concerning their health.
Her case attracted further attention in 2008 through another documentary titled The Girl with X-Ray Eyes, directed by British filmmaker Phillip Warnell. Unlike the earlier Discovery Channel investigation, Warnell’s film approached Natasha’s story through questions about perception and the limits of ordinary sight. The filmmaker traveled to Moscow in 2007 and allowed Natasha to examine him while documenting the encounter.
More than two decades after Natasha first became famous, scientific research has introduced a different way of considering how much information about the human body’s internal condition might be visible from the outside.
In October 2026, researchers published a study in Advanced Science describing an artificial intelligence system called MedicalFaceFound, trained on more than 10 million images and evaluated against 62 clinical biomarkers. The system analyzed facial photographs to identify patterns associated with physiological measurements, including indicators related to kidney function, red blood cells, and cholesterol.
The researchers found that certain facial features carried measurable information about aspects of internal health, although the strength of the predictions varied considerably between biomarkers. The technology did not allow computers to see through skin, and its results were not accurate enough to replace standard medical examinations.
Another study published in The Lancet Digital Health in October 2026 described an AI model trained on more than 40 million facial photographs. Researchers developed systems capable of estimating biological age and predicting differences in survival risk among cancer patients by analyzing patterns in facial appearance.
These scientific developments do not prove Natasha’s extraordinary claims or suggest that she possessed an unknown biological version of artificial intelligence. The studies involve statistical analysis of visible facial characteristics, whereas Natasha claimed she could perceive bones, organs, and surgical implants directly beneath the skin.
Nevertheless, the research demonstrates that outward appearance can carry subtle information about internal health, sometimes in patterns that are difficult for ordinary observers to recognize. Whether Natasha possessed an unusual ability to notice physical clues, interpreted information unconsciously, or experienced something entirely different remains unresolved by the evidence available from her case.
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Roswell UFO Witness Describes Alien Bodies, Egg-Shaped Craft in Newly Released Files

Building 84, storage site for purported UFO crash debris from the ”1947 Roswell incident,“ remains in use for aviation businesses in Roswell, N.M., on Oct. 7, 2026.
(John Fredricks/The Epoch Times)
The Pentagon released its seventh batch of newly declassified UFO files including an eyewitness account of the 1947 Roswell suspected UFO crash describing alien bodies and an egg-shaped craft.
The tranche of documents also contains a report on the Skinwalker Ranch in Utah with more than two dozen sightings of dog-like creatures, trolls, and other phenomena.
The files are part of the Presidential Unsealing and Reporting System for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) Encounters, called PURSUE.
“These files, hidden behind classifications, have long fueled justified speculation—and it’s time the American people see it for themselves,” Secretary of War Pete Hegseth said in a statement.
Among the documents was an affidavit from 2002 believed to be provided by former Roswell Air Base Public Information Officer Walter Haut. In it, Haut describes a staff meeting on July 8, 1947, where officials discussed wreckage collected from a ranch 40 miles from Roswell.
“I am convinced that what I personally observed was some type of craft and its crew from outer space,” Haut said in the affidavit.
Haut describes two debris fields in Lincoln County where he said the crash debris was collected. He also said he and others held samples of wreckage debris and passed it around while sitting at a table.
“It was unlike any material I had or have ever seen in my life,” Haut said. “Pieces which resembled metal foil, paper thin yet extremely strong, and pieces with unusual markings along their length were handled from man to man, each voicing their opinion. No one was able to identify the crash debris.”
The group discussed whether to go public with the discovery, he said. Famously, the first account of the crash made it into the local Roswell Daily Record, which ran the headline “RAAF Captures Flying Saucer On Ranch in Roswell Region.” The military later changed the explanation, saying it was a weather balloon.
Names of Haut’s supervisors in the affidavit were redacted in Friday’s release.
Haut said before he left the base, someone, whose name has been withheld by the Pentagon, took him to Building 84, a hangar on the east side of the tarmac at the Roswell Army Airfield, now known as the Roswell Air Center. Building 84 is now used at the air center for commercial aircraft maintenance.
The building was under heavy guard, he said. Once inside, he was allowed to observe an object just recovered north of town, he said. The object was about 12 to 15 feet long, not quite as wide, and about 6 feet high, with an "egg shape,” he described. Haut also said the surface of the object was metallic-looking with no windows, portholes, wings, tail section, or landing gear.
Tourists view headlines at the International UFO Museum of Roswell, N.M., on Oct. 7, 2026.
John Fredricks/The Epoch Times
"Also from a distance, I was able to see a couple of bodies under a canvas tarpaulin,” Haut stated. “Only the heads extended beyond the covering, and I was not able to make out any features. The heads did appear larger than normal and the contour of the canvas suggested the size of a 10-year-old child.”
Haut said he was told a temporary morgue had been set up to accommodate the bodies.
Roswell UFO Tour operator and researcher Paul Semones said he wasn’t surprised by the information released Friday.
“That’s not new,” Semones told The Epoch Times. “This is stuff that we’ve been arguing about literally for decades.”
The affidavit was first published in 2007 and was intended to be released after Haut’s death in 2005, according to Semones. The document has been published in at least three books on Roswell’s UFO incident.
The Pentagon’s version released Friday redacted several names, but the originally released copy included the names, Semones said.
“The lesson to be learned here is that we have a whole bunch of news media who are encountering it for the first time because the news media isn’t paying attention to what’s going on in the UFO research community,” Semones said. “The world has ignored it but it’s been there.”
The government’s latest release also included reports describing “dog-like bipedal creatures” and “little people” at Skinwalker Ranch in Utah.
Several people have reported seeing dog-like creatures near Skinwalker Ranch in Utah, a declassified report by the Pentagon revealed Oct. 23, 2026.
Department of War
The Skinwalker Ranch investigation, conducted in the spring of 2010 by Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS), a government contractor, documents interviews with over 25 local residents, law enforcement officers, ranchers, business owners, the tribe, and a shaman about strange events in the area.
“All of the people interviewed have had firsthand encounters,” the company said in its report.
Ages of the witnesses ranged from 15 to 77.
Investigators used handheld sensors to collect measurements from the environment. They also sampled the soil and plants, and took photos and other measurements, according to the report.
“Witnesses have reported unidentified balls of light at close range, daytime sightings of ‘dog-like’ creatures running on two legs, unnatural animalistic howling/screaming, ‘little people,’ prehistoric-like birds and a maggot which measured about 8-feet long and 2 to 3 feet in diameter,” the company reported.
Eleven witnesses reported seeing the dog-like creature and orbs of light at different times and locations near the ranch property, BAASS reported.
Several witnesses who described the large “dog” or “wolf” creature told investigators it could walk and run on two legs and was 6 to 7 feet tall when standing on two legs.
“From these interviews, there may be at least three separate types of creatures,” investigators reported.
Four independent eyewitnesses also described seeing a small, hairy, 3-foot-tall “troll” creature with long arms that appeared to run like a chimpanzee or orangutan, according to the report.
Several people also reported seeing large “worm” creatures, a prehistoric “pterodactyl”-like creatures, “little people,” and other anomalies, investigators reported.
Samples were taken of fur found around the ranch, which matched fur from domestic dogs, according to the report.
New UFO files detail sightings of six-foot 'skinwalkers' and 'portal to another world' near America's famous paranormal hotspot
The Pentagon released a new batch of declassified UFO documents on Friday, including an investigation into mysterious creatures roaming near a Utah ranch.
The 2010 report details residents’ claims of encounters with ‘skinwalkers,’ including a dog-like figure with a human-looking nose, alongside towering shadows and unexplained lights.
In Navajo tradition, a skinwalker is a malevolent witch said to be capable of taking animal form.
One man described a hunched creature he estimated was six feet tall and weighed about 250 pounds during an encounter in January 2010.
‘The head was described as looking like a German shepherd dog without the pointed nose,’ the report states. ‘The nose was described to be more similar to a human nose.’
The accounts also include loud howling outside homes, with one witness claiming a supposed skinwalker’s cries caused surrounding coyotes to howl in response.
Other accounts in the newly declassified reports include a portal appearing near a lake, which she said was 'a doorway to another world.'
They were collected by Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS), whose personnel visited the Fort Duchesne area in March and April 2010.
Although identifying details are heavily redacted, its map places the investigation around Skinwalker Ranch, a 512-acre property in Utah’s Uintah Basin associated with reports of paranormal activity

The 2010 report details residents’ claims of encounters with ‘skinwalkers,’ including a dog-like figure with a human-looking nose, alongside towering shadows and unexplained lights. Above is a creature spotted in Texas that locals believed was a skinwalker
Although identifying details are heavily redacted, its map places the investigation around Skinwalker Ranch, a 512-acre property in Utah’s Uintah Basin associated with reports of paranormal activity.
The man who described the January encounter said light falling on the figure revealed short black fur mixed with gray, pointed ears and a short tail.
‘It ran like it was leaping,’ investigators recorded.
He also claimed its howl warned people that it was passing through.
The same witness reported another encounter two nights before his March 24 interview.
He said he was inside his home around 8pm when a large shadow raced past the front of the house.
His dogs began barking and chased what he believed was a skinwalker, which he said repeatedly struck a barbed-wire fence.
The man said it moved ‘like a track star’ before fleeing toward an abandoned farmhouse across the road.

The witness in January said the creature ran into his fence, leaving behind fur that investigators tested
He remained indoors during the roughly 30-minute episode, watching from his doorway.
Investigators searched the fence and recovered fur caught on a barb, which they submitted for laboratory analysis.
The findings pointed to an ordinary explanation for the material collected.
Two unidentified fence samples shared the same canine DNA sequence as a control sample taken from a dog on the property.
BAASS said the matching results, similar appearance of the hairs and freely roaming dogs strongly suggested they came from the same animal, although the DNA match alone was not definitive.
A woman also recalled seeing what she believed was a ‘portal’ roughly 20 years before her 2010 interview.
She described a clear, stationary formation about 30 to 40 feet high that rippled like water and resembled a heat shimmer, which she observed from approximately 100 feet away.
The woman said it gave her a peaceful feeling and remained visible when she left.
She told investigators she came to interpret it as a doorway to another world after reading a ‘Skinwalker’ book.
Other interviews concerned different figures, which were not all explicitly identified as skinwalkers.
Witnesses describing the towering shadows said they had heard a ‘growling roar’ outside their home around 11pm on March 22, 2010.
The sound occurred twice, lasting roughly five to 10 seconds each time, according to their account.

BAASS said the matching results, similar appearance of the hairs and freely roaming dogs strongly suggested they came from the same animal, although the DNA match alone was not definitive
Another man recalled a three-foot-long, hairy arm reaching through his bedroom window in winter 2003.
He described four long fingers, no visible thumb and dog-like nails, saying the arm withdrew when he shouted.
A young woman described a hunched, female-looking figure with shoulder-length black hair and ragged clothing jumping between rooftops around 2009.
She said her mother also saw it and called 911, prompting a police response.
The witness identified the figure as what she said was known in Ute culture as the ‘Basket Lady.’
A separate woman reported an eight-foot, hairless creature crouched on a horse shelter in September 2009 before leaping away.
She acknowledged seeing it only briefly from behind. Her four-year-old daughter reportedly compared it to a kangaroo.
The report also records accounts of mysterious balls of light.
One witness described a blue orb hovering near Bottle Hollow Lake before moving toward Skinwalker Ridge.
Another woman recalled seeing a small aqua-blue light hovering in a tree outside her home in February 2010.
It disappeared ‘in the blink of an eye,’ she said.
She described it as dim and said it did not illuminate the tree.
Another account described floating lights that appeared to move behind objects when a witness’s presence was noticed, a behavior he interpreted as an attempt to hide.
Investigators installed motion-triggered cameras and continued gathering testimony, but the report does not establish that the figures were supernatural or determine what caused the lights.
Pentagon drops explosive new UFO files detailing alien corpses and egg-shaped craft
BY Liam Randall - News Reporter

Secret files released by the Pentagon have lifted the lid on a jaw-dropping eyewitness account claiming US officials recovered dead alien bodies and an otherworldly spaceship. The bombshell dossier reveals classified testimony from a military officer who says he was present during the legendary 1947 Roswell incident.
The unnamed witness is widely believed to be base PR officer Walter G Haut, who signed a sealed affidavit in 2002 describing the bizarre wreckage and the chilling creatures hidden inside a heavily guarded hangar known as "Building 84".
"I am convinced that what I personally observed was some type of craft and its crew from outer space," the witness said in the statement kept hidden for decades.

The dossier reveals classified testimony from a military officer who says he was present during the legendary 1947 Roswell incident
(Image: Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
According to the files, the vessel was an egg-shaped metallic craft measuring up to 15ft long and 6ft wide.
It had no wings, windows, landing gear or tail and was made of an unearthly foil described as "paper thin yet extremely strong." Nearby lay the pint-sized corpses of the extraterrestrial flight crew
"From a distance, I was able to see a couple of bodies under a canvas tarpaulin. Only the heads extended beyond the covering, and I was not able to make out any features," Haut said in a previous public statement.

Roswell officials are claimed to have hatched a plan to dupe the public
(Image: AFP via Getty Images)
"The heads did appear larger than normal and the contour of the canvas suggested the size of a ten year old child."
The latest papers claim high-ranking commanders held an emergency crisis meeting at 7.30am on July 8, 1947, passing around shards of the cosmic debris.
"Samples of wreckage were passed around the table. It was unlike any material I had or have ever seen in my life. No one was able to identify the crash debris," the witness said.
Realising the world-shattering nature of the find, officials are claimed to have hatched a plan to dupe the public.
While civilian eyes were fixated on a mess of wreckage found on a ranch northwest of Roswell, the egg craft and the dead space invaders were apparently secretly hauled away from a second site 40 miles north.
Base commander Colonel William Blanchard is then said to have ordered a decoy press release, famously announcing the military had captured a "flying disc" before swiftly walking it back and claiming it was merely a weather balloon.
Base intelligence man Major Jesse Marcel was even pictured clutching tinfoil-like debris, which he later claimed had been swapped for weather kit while he was out of the room.
The release also features reports from a private research firm funded by tycoon Robert Bigelow to study sci-fi military technology, from warp drives to cloaking shields.
It states: "It is substantiated with testimony that several 'crashes' of novel spacecraft have occurred outside of the United States.
"Our concern addresses the level to which other countries have already succeeded in understanding the technical aspects of these craft."
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Did a comet end the Ice Age and wipe out a civilization? Fact check

Fact Check verdict:
At about 50 Clovis-age sites across North America, excavators have recorded a thin, carbon-rich black layer. The paper that made it famous put it plainly: "The in situ bones of extinct Pleistocene megafauna, along with Clovis tool assemblages, occur below this black layer but not within or above it." The layer is real. What made it is the argument, and the claim splits into parts. The dated cold spell and the Greenland platinum spike are Established. A comet as the cause is Disputed. A comet that ended the Ice Age is Fringe, because the ice record puts that ending 1,200 years later. A civilization wiped out is Unverified.
Start with the clock. In 2006 Sune Rasmussen and colleagues published a time scale built by counting annual layers in Greenland ice cores. It places the onset of the Younger Dryas at 12,896 years before AD 2000, with a maximum counting error of 138 years, and its end at 11,703 years before AD 2000.
The impact case begins with Firestone and 25 co-authors in PNAS in 2007. They reported peaks within the black layer of magnetic grains with iridium, microspherules, charcoal, soot, nanodiamonds and fullerenes holding extraterrestrial helium. Their reading was an impact that "contributed to YD cooling, major ecological reorganization, broad-scale extinctions, and rapid human behavioral shifts at the end of the Clovis Period."
Wendy Wolbach and colleagues widened the case in two 2018 papers. Part 1 argues that Earth met fragments of a disintegrating comet at least 100 km across, reports platinum at 26 sites and finds combustion aerosols in four ice-core sequences "reflecting one of the largest biomass-burning episodes in more than 120,000 y". Part 2 draws on charcoal and soot from 152 lakes, marine cores and land sequences. It argues that wildfires consumed about 10 million square kilometers, around 9% of Earth's biomass, and brought on an "impact winter".
Petaev and colleagues reported in 2013: "We found a large Pt anomaly at the YDB, not accompanied by a prominent Ir anomaly". The ratio "rules out mantle or chondritic sources", they wrote, and "hints for an extraterrestrial source of Pt".
The most striking site is Abu Hureyra, an early village in Syria. Moore and colleagues reported in 2020 that its 12,800-year-old layer "contains peak abundances in meltglass, nanodiamonds, microspherules, and charcoal", with melted grains implying 1,720 to more than 2,200 °C. That, they wrote, "argues against formation of AH meltglass in thatched hut fires". In November 2025 the journal published a correction. It said the supplementary table had "inconsistencies" with the original data sources, and "a discussion has been added that clarifies the geochronological context of the study." The paper stands, corrected.
Critics who have reviewed the case in print say it fails. Vance Holliday and co-authors wrote in 2014 that "No YD boundary (YDB) crater, craters or other direct indicators of an impact are known" and that "Age control is weak to non-existent at 26 of the 29 localities claimed to have evidence for the YDIH."
In 2023 thirteen authors published a "Comprehensive refutation". It notes that the evidence is "nano to microscopic in scale" and that "Very few sites with high levels of any of the purported indicators have accurate and high-precision dating to 12.9 ka." It concludes: "We demonstrate that research in numerous fields has shown the YDIH should be rejected." One co-author was Petaev, who had cautioned in 2013 that the platinum might come from "an Ir-poor iron meteorite that is unlikely to result in an airburst or trigger wide wildfires proposed by the YDB impact hypothesis."
In February 2026 PLOS One retracted two 2025 papers from the group, one on Baffin Bay cores over concerns "regarding referencing, methodology, and data reporting", and one on shocked quartz over "the age model underpinning the results of this study". The corresponding author, Christopher Moore, told Retraction Watch the group remains "confident in the integrity of the data, the methods employed, and the conclusions drawn."
Sweatman, Powell and West replied in 2024 that "Scores of peer-reviewed articles in dozens of peer-reviewed journals from hundreds of researchers" support the hypothesis, and that "The remaining differences in interpretation are part and parcel of science". Holliday's team rebutted them in the same volume.
Timing is where one version of the claim breaks. On the proponents' own account the event began a cooling. The Greenland count puts the end of the Younger Dryas, and of the last glacial period, about 1,200 years later. An event that starts a deep freeze cannot be the event that ends the Ice Age.
Graham Hancock adds people. His book page for America Before asks: "Was an advanced civilization lost to history in the global cataclysm that ended the last Ice Age?" He is fair about the science, noting that "the comet hypothesis remains controversial and a number scientists favour other explanations." The world, he writes, "was plunged into a deep-freeze that lasted 1,200 years", and in that transition "an advanced civilization, hitherto the stuff of myth and legend, was lost to history". His wording places the cataclysm at the start of a long transition, which is closer to the ice record than the popular slogan. The Society for American Archaeology, in a 2022 open letter to Netflix, replied that "we find no archaeological evidence to support the existence of an 'advanced, global Ice Age civilization' of the kind Hancock suggests". It added that "archaeologists would investigate it" if credible evidence appeared. No evidence is weaker than a direct test, so the label is Unverified.
Two things are solid: the dates of the Younger Dryas and the platinum at its onset. One version of the popular claim fails on the dating. The rest is a live dispute between groups still publishing against each other. What delivered that platinum to the Greenland ice, and does the same cause explain the black layer where the mammoth bones stop?
Read in full: Rasmussen et al. 2006, Firestone et al. 2007, Wolbach et al. 2018 part 2, Moore et al. 2020 and its 2025 correction, the two PLOS One retraction notices, the Retraction Watch report, Hancock's book page for America Before, and the Society for American Archaeology letter. Abstract only: Wolbach et al. 2018 part 1, Petaev et al. 2013, Holliday et al. 2014, Holliday et al. 2023, Sweatman et al. 2024. Checked 20 October 2026.
How we label claims: see How we check evidence.
This fact check sits alongside our hub, Göbekli Tepe, the Sphinx and Atlantis: what the evidence says, which covers the Younger Dryas and Göbekli Tepe's Pillar 43.
By Aris Manus
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{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology }
Woman Claims She Saw a LIVE Alien After UFO Crash, Then Military Men Tried to Erase Her Memory


Her involvement with the UFO phenomenon had begun years before she publicly discussed the supposed crash. Haley said that until July 1990, she had rarely thought about extraterrestrials. While visiting her parents in Alabama, she and her mother began discussing a newspaper article concerning UFOs. The conversation reminded her of a strange sighting from childhood, when she, her brother, and a friend had watched a silver, spherical object hanging motionless in the sky.
Haley said the object occasionally appeared bluish when sunlight reflected from its surface. After remaining stationary for some time, it seemed to descend toward nearby woods. The children searched the area, hoping to find what they believed might be a flying saucer, but returned without discovering anything. When she brought up the incident nearly thirty years later, her brother remembered it as well. Their mother suggested that the object might have been a weather balloon or satellite, although she had not personally witnessed it.
Haley later recalled a disturbing experience from the late 1970s or early 1980s in Florence, Alabama. She remembered waking with a vivid image of pale creatures with huge black eyes performing medical procedures in a brightly lit room. She initially dismissed it as a dream but began questioning the memory in 1990 after discussing UFO abductions with her brother. Troubled by recurring images and fears at night, she eventually contacted UFO researcher Budd Hopkins, who referred her to counselor John Carpenter.
In March 1991, Haley traveled to Springfield, Missouri, with her brother for hypnosis sessions with Carpenter. She recalled encountering a pale, white being in the woods that communicated through its black eyes, then seeing a spacecraft and being taken aboard in a beam of light.
In a second session, she described beings performing gynecological procedures and removing an egg from her ovary. She also recalled pain near her right ear and suspected an implant.
Haley initially hoped her experiences had a more ordinary explanation, but Carpenter suggested psychological trauma. Over time, she became convinced something had happened, though many details emerged under hypnosis and were never independently verified.
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Around the same period, Haley began reporting experiences that she interpreted as surveillance. She claimed unfamiliar vehicles followed her, telephone calls contained strange noises, and locks on exterior doors appeared to have been tampered with. After moving into a newly built home, she said her security system repeatedly malfunctioned, apparently losing stored information. She also recalled her husband being told that FBI personnel had asked questions about him at the hospital where he worked.
One incident particularly disturbed Haley because she suspected it involved someone connected to the American space program. She recalled leaving her university office at lunch and finding an unfamiliar man examining the area around her parked car. Wearing a blue shirt, tie, glasses, and gray trousers, he allegedly ran toward a nearby truck and drove away when she began memorizing its license plate.
Haley said she traced the registration to an employee of a NASA contractor involved in calibrating equipment associated with the Space Shuttle’s external fuel tanks. The incident seemed suspicious to her because it occurred shortly after her first hypnosis sessions. However, her account did not establish that the man was monitoring her because of her UFO experiences or that his employer was involved.
In another incident, an Air Force captain reportedly offered to show her Space Shuttle Endeavour. Haley said his wife, a student in one of her accounting classes at a military base, unexpectedly gave her an Endeavour patch from her husband. When Haley contacted the captain, he offered to arrange a visit during the shuttle’s next appearance at the base. She claimed he asked her to keep the invitation secret and insisted she bring a camera.
Haley grew suspicious and declined the invitation, but claimed the captain approached her again while she was supervising a final exam, repeatedly urging her to leave her students and accompany him to the shuttle. The next day, she read that armed guards protecting the spacecraft were authorized to use deadly force. She feared the invitation had been a trap, though she offered no evidence that anyone intended to harm her.
She also recalled being left in a field near her home after an alleged medical examination by extraterrestrial beings. As she tried to return home, a helicopter landed nearby, and armed men in green uniforms allegedly seized her and took her to a restricted facility supervised by an Air Force officer.
Inside, Haley said she was injected with an unknown substance that left her dizzy and weak. A man in khaki then aggressively questioned her, repeatedly insisting, “You did not see a spaceship.” She maintained that she knew what she had experienced, but said he refused to explain why she was being held.
In a separate incident, she described being restrained in what appeared to be a military hospital by uniformed men and staff in white laboratory coats. She claimed they administered injections and electric shocks in an attempt to alter or erase her memories. She also recalled undergoing X-rays and being placed inside a transparent enclosure, though she did not know why.
The pain in her right ear became another important detail in her account. Haley said she had previously experienced strange Morse-code-like tones in that ear, which she associated with the alleged extraterrestrial medical examination. Following one of the supposed military encounters, she noticed that the sounds had stopped. She suspected that someone had removed an implanted device, but admitted that she did not know whether any object had actually been present.
In another unusual memory, Haley described seeing a tiny alien being questioned by a man in military fatigues while she herself was allegedly receiving electric shocks. She also reported encounters with different types of non-human entities. The most frequently described were small, pale creatures between four and five feet tall, with large black almond-shaped eyes, four fingers, and almost no visible facial features. She believed these beings communicated telepathically and moved with remarkable grace.
However, Haley also recalled a frightening encounter with a reptilian-looking creature. She described it as having scaly brownish skin, long claws, pointed ears, and a head resembling that of a snake. She estimated its height at approximately five and a half feet and claimed she was completely paralyzed during an alleged sexual assault. Her recollection of the incident was fragmented, and she acknowledged that several details remained unclear.
Her testimony also included experiences that went beyond UFO sightings, physical examinations, and military encounters. Beginning in May 1991, Haley claimed she started receiving information telepathically from an unidentified source she called the “silent voice.” She explained that these communications did not arrive as audible speech but as sudden knowledge appearing in her mind. Some messages reportedly involved religious symbols, spiritual development, and the possibility that humanity was entering a new stage of existence.
One of the strangest messages concerned the nature of time. Haley said she was told that time was not linear and could be compared to a Slinky, the familiar coiled toy that stretches, contracts, and overlaps. She understood the message to suggest that different dimensions might exist simultaneously and interact with one another. The source also allegedly encouraged her to avoid fear, anger, guilt, and worry, which she believed helped her cope with the distress surrounding her experiences.
Haley even claimed the silent voice instructed her to write a children’s book about alien abduction. She said the idea came to her one night while brushing her teeth and involved turning an experience from early childhood into a story that might comfort children who believed they were being abducted. Although she was convinced that the messages had helped her emotionally, she acknowledged that she did not know where they originated or whether their information was accurate.
By the time of her 1994 interview, Haley had developed a theory that humanity might be caught between opposing forces. She believed some reported encounters seemed positive while others appeared hostile, suggesting to her the possibility of a struggle between good and evil. She did not claim to have proven this interpretation and admitted that she lacked the information needed to understand the phenomenon fully.
Leah Haley.
Image source: SOTT.net / The UFO Trail.
Her experiences had already attracted attention within the UFO community. In 1993, she published Lost Was the Key, documenting her unusual memories and attempts to investigate them. She later published Unlocking Alien Closets: Abductions, Mind Control and Spirituality in 2003. However, as she continued examining the subject, her understanding of what had happened began to change, particularly regarding the possible involvement of humans in experiences commonly attributed to extraterrestrials.
The most significant development came in 2011, when researcher Jack Brewer published an extensive interview with Haley. By then, she no longer believed that literal extraterrestrial abductions explained her experiences. Instead, she had become convinced that human-directed experimentation, psychological manipulation, and technologies capable of influencing perception might have been responsible for what she and others had interpreted as alien encounters.
Haley explained that she had spent years examining reports, technological developments, and information concerning government research. She believed that the presence of apparent military personnel in many abduction accounts pointed toward a human explanation. Her revised interpretation did not mean that she regarded all her memories as meaningless or that she believed nothing unusual had happened. Rather, she suspected that some of the alien imagery she remembered might have been deliberately produced or manipulated.
Another controversy surrounding Haley’s investigations involved John Carpenter, the researcher who had conducted her hypnosis sessions. Brewer reported that Carpenter had sold case files from approximately 140 alleged abductees, including Haley, to billionaire Robert Bigelow for $14,000. The disclosure raised questions about confidentiality and the treatment of people seeking help for unusual experiences. Haley believed the incident represented a serious violation of trust, although it did not establish whether any of her supposed abductions had actually occurred.
There is also a significant problem with relying on hypnosis to establish the reality of Haley’s extraordinary memories. Research into human memory has shown that hypnotic regression can produce vivid recollections that feel convincing without necessarily corresponding to actual events. Johns Hopkins Medicine cautions that hypnosis is not a reliable method for recovering hidden memories, while studies of memory distortion have demonstrated that suggestion and imagination can contribute to false recollections.
After years of investigating her experiences, Haley concluded that humans, not aliens, were responsible for what she remembered, though she never established that mind-control experiments were involved. More than three decades after her 1994 interview, her case remains unusual for the dramatic shift in her own beliefs.
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