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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
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Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.

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Basketball Shaped UFO Caught On Radar Travelling 120 Miles In Less Than Eight Seconds

Basketball Shaped UFO Caught On Radar Travelling 120 Miles In Less Than Eight Seconds

BY : MIKE WILLIAMS ON 
 
Basketball Shaped UFO Caught On Radar Travelling 120 Miles In Less Than Eight Seconds

A documentary has attempted to shine new light on the infamous Rendlesham Forest incident from 1980, involving UFOs and nuclear weapons.

With UFOs and Nukes: The Secret Link Revealed, the latest feature to offer new and compelling details on the decades-old incident, the feature, produced by US researcher Robert Hastings, cites key witnesses like Lt Colonel Charles Halt, where a UFO shaped like a basketball was recorded as having travelled 120mph in less than eight seconds.

Ike Barker and Jim Carey, who were radar operators at the RAF Bentwaters, Suffolk, in the early 1980s, say the object flew over the base during the much debated incident in December of 1980.

The speeding ball happened during a series of unexplained encounters that amounted to several eye-witnesses saying they’d seen it. Filmmaker Hastings, who has investigated the event, believes it was a warning to humanity, as the UFO appeared to target the base’s nuclear arsenal.

Triangle News

On Boxing Day of 1980, a team of security officers noted a bright beam coming from the depths of the forest near to the base. Two days later, on the night of December 29, then Deputy Base Commander Halt, as well as other colleagues, saw flashing lights darting across the forest, before the glowing object shot beams of light into the ground and disappeared.

Reports later came in that the same UFO had targeted the base’s storage facility of nukes – which were the largest in Europe at the time – and began pinging beams into the bunker.

Halt’s report, dubbed the ‘Halt memo’, documenting the entire thing written in early 1981, was sent to the UK’s Ministry of Defence. It stated how he and other witnesses saw a glowing object in the forest and a ‘red, sun-like’ pulsing light in the trees, and that a quick-moving, metallic-like triangular-shaped object was spotted acting erratically.

Take a look at what he said, below:

Triangle News

While some have tried to debunk the strange sightings as military satellites, secret weaponry, a meteor, or the nearby shine from the Orfordness lighthouse, those who were there say different.

Ike is convinced in what he saw, saying, ‘It wasn’t like any radar target I’ve ever seen.’

‘It was travelling at an extremely high rate of speed,’ he recalled. ‘It passed over the control tower and then it stopped. I’ve never seen anything like the manoeuvrability that happened with this object.’

Describing it as basketball-like object, he said it was ‘orange in colour and it popped into my mind that somebody was flying a basketball out here. There were lights around the centre but not like navigation lights.’

Speaking about how otherworldly it was, he claimed the lights were ‘more like portholes, as if you were seeing the lights from the inside coming out. It hovered momentarily, reversed its course and went back out a high rate of speed.’

Triangle News

Prior to the witnessed object speeding off, it had made an unnatural right angle shift. ‘It was just phenomenal to see it go that fast. I said that can’t be one of ours,’ tech sergeant with the 2164th Communications Squadron, Carey said.

‘No jet can make an immediate right-hand turn,’ he added.

There are around 150 military witnesses to such unexplained phenomenon at similar sites since 1940 and, despite the pair not immediately coming forward to their superiors out of fear of the sack, declassified documents from both the US and Russian governments have emerged to show similar strange occurrences during the Cold War period.

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Global and Regional Dust Storms Cause Mars to Lose Water

Global and Regional Dust Storms Cause Mars to Lose Water

Mars was once a wet planet, but it has lost most of its water through reactions that produce hydrogen. In standard models, molecular hydrogen produced from water in the lower atmosphere diffuses into the upper atmosphere where it is dissociated, producing atomic hydrogen, which is lost. Using NASA’s MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) spacecraft, a team of researchers has now found that water can reach higher altitudes than previously thought, especially during global or regional dust storms on the planet.

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This artist’s concept depicts the dry environment seen at Mars today versus the early Martian environment.

Image credit: Simon Fraser University.

“We know that billions of years ago, there was liquid water on the surface of Mars,” said lead author Shane Stone, a graduate student in the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona.

“There must have been a thicker atmosphere, so we know that Mars somehow lost the majority of its atmosphere to space.”

“MAVEN is trying to characterize the processes responsible for this loss, and one portion of that is understanding exactly how Mars lost its water.”

Using data from MAVEN’s NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) instrument, Stone and colleagues found that when Mars is nearest the Sun, the planet warms, and more water — found on the surface in the form of ice — moves from the surface to the upper atmosphere where it is lost to space.

This happens once every Martian year or about every two Earth years.

The regional dust storms that occur on Mars every Martian year and the global dust storms that occur across the planet about once every 10 years lead to further heating of the atmosphere and a surge in the upward movement of water.
“The processes that make this cyclical movement possible contradict the classical picture of water escape from Mars, showing it is incomplete,” Stone said.

According to the classical process, water ice is converted to a gas and is destroyed by the Sun’s rays in the lower atmosphere.

This process, however, would play out as a slow, steady trickle, unaffected by the seasons or dust storms, which doesn’t mesh with current observations.

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Two 2001 images from the Mars Orbiter Camera on NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor show a dramatic change in the planet’s appearance when haze raised by dust-storm activity in the south became globally distributed. The images were taken about a month apart.

Image credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / MSSS.

“This is important because we didn’t expect to see any water in the upper atmosphere of Mars at all,” Stone said.

“If we compare Mars to Earth, water on Earth is confined close to the surface because of something called the hygropause.”

“It’s just a layer in the atmosphere that’s cold enough to condense (and therefore stop) any water vapor traveling upward.”

The researchers argue that water is moving past what should be Mars’ hygropause, which is likely too warm to stop the water vapor.

Once in the upper atmosphere, water molecules are broken apart by ions very quickly — within four hours, they calculate — and the byproducts are then lost to space.

“The loss of its atmosphere and water to space is a major reason Mars is cold and dry compared to warm and wet Earth,” Stone said.

“The new data from MAVEN reveal one process by which this loss is still occurring today.”

When the scientists extrapolated their findings back 1 billion years, they found that this process can account for the loss of a global ocean about 43 cm (17 inches) deep.

“If we took water and spread it evenly over the entire surface of Mars, that ocean of water lost to space due to the new process we describe would be over 43 cm deep,” Stone said.

“An additional 17 cm (6.7 inches) would be lost due solely to the effects of global dust storms.”

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This close-up color image of a small-scale dust storm on Mars was acquired by the HRSC instrument on ESA’s Mars Express in April 2018.

Image credit: ESA / DLR / FU Berlin / CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO.

During global dust storms, 20 times more water can be transported to the upper atmosphere.

For example, one global dust storm lasting 45 days releases the same amount of water to space as Mars would lose during a calm Martian year, or 687 Earth days.

“This process likely didn’t work the same before that, because Mars might have had a stronger hygropause long ago,” Stone said.

“Before the process we describe began to operate, there must have been a significant amount of atmospheric escape to space already.”

“We still need to nail down the impact of this process and when it began to operate.”

The findings were published in the journal Science.

  • Shane W. Stone et al. Hydrogen escape from Mars is driven by seasonal and dust storm transport of water.2020.  Science 370 (6518): 824-831; doi: 10.1126/science.aba5229

{ http://www.sci-news.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 01:38 Stuur door

UFO and secret alien base reports found in declassified U.S. Forest Service documents

Twin-Lakes-UFO-Photos-Closeup-ftr.jpg

UFO and secret alien base reports found in declassified U.S. Forest Service documents

The UFO files of the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) have been declassified. There are 20 pages in the files, and although there is a dubious claim about the construction of a secret alien base and an unconvincing UFO photo, there is an interesting UFO report from U.S. Air Force personnel at a radar station in Montana.

The Forest Service UFO files were obtained via a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request by John Greenewald. Greenewald runs TheBlackVault.com, a site that houses over one million declassified files obtained via FOIA requests.

Greenewald says he made the request in November, 2016 and received the files in February, 2017.

UFO Photo in Bighorn National Forest

The first report in the file is a letter and photographs from a man who says he caught something “very strange” in a photograph he took while visiting Lost Twin Lakes in Bighorn National Forest. The witness says he did not see or hear anything unusual while taking the picture, but he noticed an odd object in one of the photos when he reviewed them later. He speculates that perhaps it is a drone, but also says he did some research and did not find any drones that looked like the object in the image.

the marker shows the location of Lost Twin Lakes in Bighorn National Forest. (Credit: Google Maps)

The marker shows the location of Lost Twin Lakes in Bighorn National Forest.

(Credit: Google Maps)

The photograph was taken at about 2:30 pm on September 12, 2015.

Images of suspect UFO at Bighorn National Forest provided to U.S. Forest Service. (Credit: U.S. Forest Service)

Images of unidentified object at Bighorn National Forest provided to U.S. Forest Service.

(Credit: U.S. Forest Service)

It is hard to make out what exactly the object in the image is, but the USFS files did not include a high resolution image. Greenewald says he did inquire if higher resolution images were available, but they were not.

Enlargement of object in photo. (Credit: U.S. Forest Service)

Enlargement of object in photo.

(Credit: U.S. Forest Service)

Without better images, this blob of light and shadows could be anything, and is likely a bird in flight. Often vacation photos with weird objects that were not noted at the time of their taking turn out to be birds or bugs that look strange in photographs once they are reviewed back home.

The USFS did not include their response to the UFO photog, or if they responded at all.

UFO Sighting at Yaak Air Force Station in Kootenai National Forest

Following the UFO photos letter and was a copy of an article regarding Yaak Air Base. According to the article, Yaak Air Base was in operation from April, 1952 to July, 1960, as part of a number of stations throughout the country that served as an early warning system during the cold war in case of a potential Russian attack. The base was near Yaak, Montana, in the Kootenai National Forest.

Location of Yaak Air Base as described in the article. (Credit: Google Maps)

Location of Yaak Air Base as described in the article.

(Credit: Google Maps)

For our purposes, the most interesting paragraph in the article is the last, and in the file provided to Greenewald, is highlighted in yellow.

It reads:

The Yaak Radar Station also had its share of mystery, on Sept. 1 , 1952, Yaak, Montana. 4:45 a.m: Two USAF enlisted men, and three men using AN/FPS-3 radar set. Report visually sighting two small, varicolored lights becoming black silhouettes at dawn, and flying erratically for one hour. The crew at the radar station saw a, “dark, cigar shaped object,” right where the radar had the UFO pinpointed. What these people saw is a mystery to this day.

This is my favorite part of the USFA UFO files. Unfortunately, no further information is provided.

Alien Base Construction in Tonto National Forest

The most sensational claim in the files, and the one picked up by silly UK tabloids, is a report of a secret government installation being constructed that has something to do with aliens. The subject of the report is “Secret govt installation being built in the Salt River Canyon area on the TNF [Tonto National Forest].”

Area of alleged construction of secret government base that has some relation to aliens that eat people. (Credit: Google Maps)

Area of alleged construction of secret government base that has some relation to aliens that eat people.

(Credit: Google Maps)

What is scary is that this is not far from my house. However, it does make it less scary for me that I do not believe an alien base was actually built there.

Here is a report regarding the call that was taken by David of the Forest Service on the morning of December 30, 2013 regarding UFOs, aliens and one detached head.

David received a call this morning at the front desk from a male caller reporting the construction of a secret government installation upstream from the Salt River Canyon past Pinal Creek (upstream from Roosevelt Lake). Aliens and at least one detached head are involved.

Caller claims to have seen construction cranes coming out the side of the cliffs, miniature stealth planes and UFOs, aliens and people working together at the site, aliens eating people. He found a severed head and claims to have pictures of some of this stuff.

Caller reported that he is 60, not crazy, and doesn’t do drugs. He said he had already called the “office at the lake,” but he didn’t know if those people were turning the other cheek or maybe those people have been paid off.

David had him leave a message with Bray.

Please let me know if t here are any Talking Points to be developed. I’m sure the Phoenix media will be all over this.

Thanks.

P.S. David and I aren’t doing drugs either.

The only other item in the files was a report in 2012 of a meteor or space junk that landed in George Washington & Jefferson National Forests and caused a fire. It was determined the fire was caused by a lightning strike. The report states, “Witnesses saw flaming space junk or satellite crash land in these mountains [Massanutten Range, Virginia] which may have caused the forest fire of last year: June 24, 2012, at around 1150PM Sunday.”

You can check out the files yourself at TheBlackVault.com.

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Geschreven door peter om 01:19 Stuur door

What is a supernova?

What is a supernova?

A supernova is a star’s colossal explosion at the end of its life, potentially outshining its entire galaxy. Read about the causes and types of supernovae here.

A supernova is the name given to the cataclysmic explosion of a massive star at the end of its life. It can emit more energy in a few seconds than our sun will radiate in its lifetime of billions of years.

The sky above us is strewn with alluringly beautiful remnants of ancient supernovae, that is, stars that lived out their lives and then died in these violent explosions. In a galaxy like our Milky Way, consisting of some 200 billion stars, there should be a supernova as often as every 50 years. Yet supernovae visible to the eye alone are exceedingly rare. You might – or might not – witness one in your lifetime.

What we do see are supernova remnants, expanding clouds in space where stars used to be. There are many examples, both inside and outside our galaxy. The most famous supernova remnant visible from the Northern Hemisphere is called the Crab Nebula. It’s located in the direction of the constellation Taurus the Bull. The Chinese recorded witnessing the supernova in the year 1054 CE (although it had occurred 6,523 years earlier, because this star was that many light-years away). They called it a guest star and wrote that it was visible in daylight for a full three weeks, finally fading entirely from view about three months later.

Later, the Crab Nebula became famous for hosting the first known pulsar, discovered in 1967 by Jocelyn Bell Burnell, when she was a graduate student at Cambridge University in England. The Crab pulsar, as it is known, is a neutron star, the remnant of the supernova that created the Crab Nebula. Like cosmic lighthouses, pulsars give off beams of radio waves as they spin. The beams from the Crab pulsar happen to be aimed our way.

Multicolored oblong of gases with streamers coming out from the middle, much brighter in center.

View a larger Crab Nebula image. 

This photo shows a 3-color composite of the well-known Crab Nebula (aka Messier 1), as observed via the Hubble Space Telescope in 1999. It is the remnant of a supernova explosion, observed from Earth in the year 1054. It contains a neutron star near its center that spins 30 times per second around its axis.

Image via HubbleSite.

So we know that supernovae are star explosions. We see examples of their aftermath in the space around us. We know that – as the star explodes outward – it also implodes, forming an exceedingly dense neutron star that might or might not appear to us on Earth as a pulsar.

But what exactly is a supernova, and what makes it explode?

Astronomers are slowly peeling away the layers of mystery surrounding these exploding stars. Their sheer unpredictability is exciting: each supernova teaches us something new. Astronomers have learned much about supernovae in just the last 50 years. A bright supernova in our Milky Way galaxy is now, statistically, long overdue. Let us hope it happens in our lifetimes, but preferably not too close!

2 images of colorful streamers of gas in space, with labels on rightside image.

The Veil Nebula in the constellation Cygnus is another famous supernova remnant. It is the visible part of a much larger structure (the Cygnus loop) representing the remains of a star with 40 times the mass of our sun that exploded an estimated 8,000 years ago.

Image (left) via T. A. Rector/ University of Alaska Anchorage/ WIYN/ NOAO/ AURA/ NSF and image (right) via NASA/ JPL-Caltech.

A supernova is a more final – and more powerful – explosion than a nova, which is the temporary flaring up of a dwarf star in a binary system. In the nova scenario, the dwarf star collects matter from its companion star. The excess mass causes the dwarf star to flare up suddenly, every now and then, to many times its normal brightness. Then it fades over months to its original brightness before the next flare-up. A supernova, on the other hand, is a much bigger and intrinsically much brighter event (hence the prefix super) where the outer layers of a star are blown explosively into space. A star that goes supernova does not return to its previous brightness and may disappear completely, leaving a an expanding supernova remnant behind.

Both novae and supernovae were once called stella novae (“new stars”), a term coined by the famous Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe in 1572. That is because both novae and supernovae can cause a “new star” to appear in our sky where none was seen before. Both flare up suddenly and – in the case of supernovae – unexpectedly, before slowly fading away entirely over weeks or months.

Man with very long mustache and wearing a ruff collar.

Sixteenth-century astronomer Tycho Brahe coined the term “stella nova” or new star for stars which suddenly brighten, now called novae and supernovae.

Now we know that a supernova is not a new star, but – quite the opposite – an existing one which has reached the end of its life.

And we know that novae – the less powerful flare-ups – mark the location of a star system that might flare up again.

Supernovae can have different causes, but all involve the sudden detonation of a star. Astronomers currently recognize two main types of supernovae, Type I and Type II, according to a way of classifying them devised by German-American astronomer Rudolph Minkowski and Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky. Hence the classification system is known as the Minkowski-Zwicky system. The classification is based on the spectra of the supernovae: that is, on their light when it is split into its component colors. Type I supernovae lack the presence of hydrogen in their spectra, while Type II supernovae display it. Type I is further divided up into three subtypes, Ia, Ib and Ic, also based on their spectra.

But maybe more exciting is the difference between the types as determined by the cause of the explosion, and here, a bit confusingly, Types II,  Ib and Ic are actually the same kind of explosion, while Type Ia is a completely different creature.

A colorful expanding shell around an internal region that appears chaotic.

This composite image of the supernova remnant 1E0102.2-7219 contains X-ray emission measured by the Chandra telescope (blue and purple), visible light data from the optical Very Large Telescope’s (VLT) MUSE instrument (bright red), and additional data from the Hubble telescope (dark red and green). A neutron star, the ultra dense core of a massive star that has collapsed in a supernova explosion, is found at its center.

Image via NASA Marshall Space Flight Center/ Flickr.

Type II Supernovae

We will start with the more common Type II, which is what people normally think of when they think of a supernova: a star exploding due to old age. Type II supernovae occur when a large star runs out of fuel, which brings it into a rapid collapse and explosion. Such a star is between eight and 40 times heavier than our sun. They are often referred to as “core collapse” supernovae because that’s exactly what happens. The star’s core suddenly – in just a few seconds – collapses in on itself.

But let’s set the scene for that cataclysmic event. For billions of years during this star’s lifetime, nuclear fusion – the process by which hydrogen is converted into helium in the star’s interior, in the process liberating huge amounts of energy, thus enabling the star to shine – had been fighting a battle with gravity. We’re not talking here about the gravitational attraction of one object toward another, but about the star’s own self-gravity. In stars, the outward-pushing radiation from fusion reactions in the star’s core is continually being countered by an inexorable inward-pushing force of gravity. It’s a duel of forces in which neither can be the victor … as long as the nuclear fusion at the core of the star is maintained, the star stays in balance.

But stars are born with a finite amount of hydrogen fuel. After billions of years (around 10 billion in the case of our sun, although our sun isn’t massive enough to produce a supernova), changes begin to take place as hydrogen is depleted. Once the core of the star completely runs out of hydrogen, nuclear fusion in the core ceases; the star has nothing left to “burn.” At that point, the star is no longer able to maintain its outward push against inward-pulling gravity. The star slowly starts to shrink. This shrinking has the effect of bringing more hydrogen from locations further out in the star into the region previously occupied by the core, sufficient hydrogen, in fact, for the nuclear fusion to resume in a shell around the star’s inner core.

However, there is something called the mirror principle, to do with the conservation of gravitational and thermal energy, which states, very simply, that if the core of a star contracts, its outer layers must expand. So the star starts to swell, expanding massively from its original size. As it does so, its outer layers cool, being further from the shell of fusing hydrogen at the core. Once the temperature cools sufficiently, convection rather than radiation becomes the dominant way the outer layers of the star are heated, and the star stops expanding. The star has become a swollen, cooler, and hence reddened, version of its former self; it is now a red giant star.

When our sun becomes a red giant, in about 5 billion years, it will expand to consume – and destroy – Mercury, Venus and possibly Earth too. This means that the sun’s diameter will increase some 115 times; it will also brighten by perhaps 3,000 times.

But – dramatic as its brightness increase may be – we’re not at the supernova stage yet, and reaching the red giant phase is not the end of the story. As the star’s core continues to shrink, temperatures inside it rise to even higher levels than before, reaching a staggering 100 million degrees Celsius. At this extreme temperature, and if the star is massive enough, it can start fusing the next element in the periodic table, that is helium, into carbon, and nuclear fusion starts up once again in its core. Temperatures rise even further, until the helium is used up, leaving a core consisting of carbon and oxygen.

The burning of its helium, however, is not a rapid process: a star eight times the mass of the sun will probably have enough helium to last 100 million years.

However, during all that time, the temperature of the core slowly increases, and when it reaches 500 million degrees, it’s hot enough for the next element to start fusing. Carbon nuclei fuse, producing sodium, neon and magnesium. All of these are burned in turn by the star; the core continues to heat up, reaching 2 billion degrees. As the temperature climbs, first silicon is formed, followed by sulphur, argon, calcium, chromium, manganese and nickel.

Each is burned in successive shells as the core continues to shrink until the star resembles an onion. Each element created in this stellar nucleosynthesis is progressively heavier – consists of larger numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons – until, eventually, one element is produced that cannot be burned: iron.

Cutaway of sphere showing different colored labeled layers.

As a star ages, fusion takes place in heavier and heavier elements.

Image via University of Oregon.

At this point the temperature at the star’s core may reach 3.5 billion degrees Celsius, and its “onion layers” consist of a dense iron core, surrounded by shells of silicon and sulphur, oxygen and carbon, helium and an outer shell of hydrogen. It’s incredible to realize that – to reach this late stage in its life – the star might have been in its red giant phase for a billion years! As iron cannot be burned, not even at these temperatures (fusing iron and heaver elements would require more energy than would be created), the star truly has reached the end of the road.

Once all of the core’s center has been converted to iron, a sudden and dramatic event occurs. Now, with no outward radiation pressure at all, the core completely collapses in on itself: after billions of years, gravity finally wins the stand-off!

What the core collapses into depends on the mass of the star. A star between eight and 25 times as massive as our sun will form a neutron star, while the cores of the most massive stars, more than 25 times our sun, will likely collapse into black holes.

The effect of the core’s final collapse – which takes perhaps just a second or so – is to send a shockwave right to the center, which then rebounds and propagates outward through the outer layers of the star, completely blowing it apart. Copious amounts of energy are released: hence, the brilliant event we know as a supernova explosion can be seen across the universe.

This supernova explosion is able to form all elements heavier than iron; now there is enough energy for that! For a brief period, the star can be brighter than the rest of the stars in its galaxy put together, a fiery beacon signifying the death of an ancient star. Left behind will be a neutron star or a black hole, a totally new, and final, phase in its evolution. After weeks or months, the glow of the supernova slowly fades from view, finally snuffing out altogether.

So what happens to the material flung into space in a supernova explosion, the remains of the star? It disperses gently over the eons, and its elements go toward forming new stars, new planets, perhaps even new life. All the atoms in your body were forged in the fiery hearts of ancient stars. The calcium in your bones. The iron in your blood. All were born in a huge red giant star and seeded across the universe in a supernova explosion, billions of years ago.

The two Type I sub-classes called Ib and Ic are actually similar to Type II supernovae in that all of them are produced by the core collapse of a massive star. They have their own designation because, in both cases, they lost their outer layers already before the core collapse, in a stellar wind during their red giant states, and are thus usually referred to as stripped core-collapse supernovae. Like onions already partially peeled, Type Ib has lost its first hydrogen-rich layer, and Type Ic both its hydrogen and the next helium layer, revealing the carbon-rich layer below.

The FOE

The physicists Gerry Brown and Hans Bethe devised a unit of measurement to quantify the amount of energy released in a typical Type II supernova. The measurement is stated in ergs, a unit of energy equal to 10^-7 joules. Believe it or not, the standard illustration of one erg is the amount of energy consumed by a housefly doing one pushup!

Brown and Bethe called their unit of measurement the FOE, which means ten to the power of Fifty-One Ergs; the number 10 followed by 51 zeroes. During its lifetime, the sun will emit about 1.2 FOE of energy. In other words, for the duration of 10 billion years the sun will release just a bit more energy than a Type II supernova produces in a few seconds!

For another demonstration of simply incomprehensible amounts of energy, consider this: a Type II supernova producing 1 FOE of energy may sound like a huge amount; it undoubtedly is. But now compare this to the black hole at the center of the galaxy M87, famously imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope in 2017: humans’ first image of a black hole, released in April 2019. It rotates at 90% of the speed of light. Now imagine attaching a huge dynamo to it, like that which powers a bicycle light by converting the wheel’s rotational, or kinetic, energy to electricity. How much kinetic energy would be drawn off the black hole by the dynamo? The answer is truly shocking: 10 trillion FOE. In other words, the M87 black hole’s kinetic energy is ten trillion times the energy released by a Type II supernova.

Type Ia supernovae

Quite differently (but similar to the smaller recurring nova explosions), a supernova of Type Ia will take place in a binary star system where one of the stars is a white dwarf, and the other is a companion star which the white dwarf is busy stealing matter from. A white dwarf is the superdense remnant of a smaller star (less than eight times the mass of the sun) in the last phase of its life. It is the result from the slow shrinkage, over millions of years, of a red giant star, such as Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion, recently the subject of much speculation that it was about to go supernova (it’s not). And a red giant star, in turn, is the result of a star like our sun slowly swelling up, over millions of years, when it begins to exhaust its supply of hydrogen. Our sun’s ultimate destiny is therefore to become a white dwarf, a slowly-cooling remnant of the core of our star, measuring perhaps just 0.8% of its original radius. In the case of our sun this would be a white dwarf of about 7,000 miles (11,000 km) in diameter.

Gases from a star stretched toward a disk around another star.

An artist’s impression of a Type Ia supernova: a white dwarf stripping its companion star of matter until it reaches the critical limit – the Chandrasekhar limit – for a supernova explosion to occur.

Image via ESA/ ATG medialab/ C. Carreau.

A white dwarf star is so dense that a teaspoonful of its material would weigh about 15 tons. In its interior, all nuclear fusion processes have ceased. However – and this is the key to our supernova Ia classification – they can be reignited! If the white dwarf acquires enough material to end up with more than 1.44 times the mass of our sun, the processes can restart and lead to a runaway thermonuclear explosion and subsequent destruction of the white dwarf: a supernova. This very clear mass limit of a white dwarf is known as the Chandrasekhar Limit, named after Indian-American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar who calculated it in 1930.

How, then, can a white dwarf accumulate more mass? What happens is that the binary system contains the white dwarf and a companion, which can be any kind of star – a “normal” star, a red giant or even another (smaller) white dwarf. In the former two cases, the immense gravity of the white dwarf slowly pulls material off the companion star, accumulating it on the white dwarf’s surface until the Chandrasekhar limit is reached. Almost immediately, the resulting runaway nuclear fusion reaction blows the white dwarf apart within a few seconds: the supernova explosion. If the companion is another white dwarf, the two can merge violently, their combined mass exceeding the limit of 1.44 solar masses, again leading to a supernova explosion.

Within the Type Ia classification there are several subtypes whose exact details are still a little uncertain, but the general idea of all Type Ia supernovae  is the same: a white dwarf star accumulates sufficient mass to push it over the Chandrasekhar limit, resulting in a catastrophic explosion and destruction of the star. The only exception to this is a newly discovered Type Iax supernova, which may not completely destroy the white dwarf but instead turn it into a so-called “zombie star”, keeping half its original mass. Theoretically, this could then be the cause of another supernova explosion should it merge with another white dwarf. Currently there are 30 candidates for this type of supernova which astronomers are studying.

Supernovae as useful tools

One interesting feature of Type Ia supernovae is that because of the mass limit of white dwarfs, they all explode with the same amount of energy, and hence with roughly the same brightness.

This consistency of brightness is an extremely useful way of measuring distances across the nearby universe and is known as a standard candle. If you know how intrinsically bright a Type Ia supernova is, you can measure its brightness as it appears from the Earth and thus accurately calculate its distance. It’s like seeing distant car headlights at night: you know how much light a headlight emits, so how bright it appears to you will tell you how far away it is. While we used to think that all Type Ia supernovae had exactly the same intrinsic brightness, we now know that the brightness can vary slightly. However, there is a correlation between a supernova’s luminosity and the amount of time it takes to fade from view, so its exact brightness, and hence distance, can be accurately calculated.

It was measurements of the brightness of distant supernovae which, in 1998, led a team of astronomers in the United States, Europe, Australia and Chile to a shocking discovery: the most distant Type Ia supernovae are farther away than they should be, given what was known about the age and expansion rate of the universe. This resulted in a completely unexpected realization: the universe’s expansion is actually accelerating, not slowing down over time as we had always assumed and which models predicted. Later confirmed by several subsequent studies, astronomers could not explain the accelerating universe and came up with the term dark energy to describe whatever it is that is causing it. This should not be confused with dark matter; the epithet “dark” simply means “unknown”.

To this day, the nature of dark energy is still a complete mystery, although we do know that up until around 6 billion years after the Big Bang the universe’s expansion was indeed slowing down. Then, something happened which reversed the slowdown and caused the expansion to actually accelerate. We have no idea what that event was. It’s extremely mysterious: something suddenly, as far as we can make out, changed the nature of the entire Universe. The best guess cosmologists have at the moment was that it was some sort of phase transition, an example of which is water freezing into ice and becoming something entirely different in structure and appearance. In water’s case, the event that triggers the transition, the freezing, relates to its temperature: in the case of dark energy, the event must have been something in the very structure of spacetime itself, some critical limit which had been reached. As to what that limit was, we have no idea. It may have been something entirely beyond our comprehension.

We may be decades away from understanding dark energy, although a slew of new dedicated telescopes and observation programs will seek to unravel the mystery in the upcoming years. As with the case of the search for a quantum theory of gravity, it may well take somebody of Einstein’s intellect to pull all the threads together and finally understand dark energy. However, speaking of Einstein, dark energy does seem to resemble his infamous “cosmological constant”, which was basically a mathematical trick Einstein pulled to eliminate the expanding Universe – which Einstein did not accept – from his equations. Later realizing his error, Einstein called it the greatest mistake of his life.

For their roles in leading the observations of Type Ia supernovae which resulted in the discovery of dark energy, astronomers Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 2011.

  • Bottom line: A supernova is the cataclysmic explosion of a star at the end of its life. Supernova explosions come in different types, but all can emit more energy in a few seconds than our sun over its entire lifetime. Some supernovae outshine an entire galaxy for a brief period.

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Filer’s Files 46, 2020 Why are UFOs Ridiculed? - PART I

Millennium Falcon over Warsaw, Poland on August 21, 2020.
Millennium Falcon over Warsaw, Poland on August 21, 2020.

Filer’s Files 46, 2020 Why are UFOs Ridiculed? - PART I

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

New Jersey State Director

MUFON Eastern Region Director

Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 to 4 million hits a month

Sending out 32,000 emails a week

In special reports, this week’s files cover: Winston Churchill Blocked UFO Disclosure, Why are UFOs Ridiculed?  NASA Astronauts Hoping  to go into Space,  Mars Face, Louis Farrakhan Great Mother Wheel UFO, Prehistoric Cave, and How China Won the Election H

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Colorado, Kansas, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Texas.

Worldwide Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings reported over Canada, Poland, Tanzania. Wales, and United Arab Emirates

he Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

Special Projects

Winston Churchill Blocked UFO Disclosure

Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered an alleged UFO incident in the 1950s be kept secret to prevent “mass panic.” According to reports, the grandson of one of Churchill’s personal bodyguards wrote to the British Ministry of Defense in 1999 hoping to learn more about the incident. His account, along with Churchill’s claimed reaction, was among a new batch of files released from Britain’s National Archives.
The letter describes how the man’s grandfather, who served with the RAF in World War II, was present when Churchill went to discuss a UFO sighting with Dwight Eisenhower. The incident involved an RAF reconnaissance plane, returning from Germany that was said to have been intercepted by an unidentified metallic object near the English coastline.

UFO over Stonehenge

The Daily Mail reports, “During the discussion with Mr. Churchill, a consultant dismissed any possibility that the object had been a missile, since a missile could not suddenly match its speed with a slower aircraft and then accelerate again. The event was totally beyond any imagined capabilities of the time. Another person at the meeting raised the possibility of an unidentified flying object, at which point Mr. Churchill declared that the incident should be immediately classified for at least 50 years and its status reviewed by a future Prime Minister.”According to another note found among the new files, however, Churchill and his staff took such claims extremely seriously. By 1957, ministers were commissioning weekly reports on UFO sightings from a committee of intelligence experts.

Why are UFOs Ridiculed?

Telephone Switch board Operator

At a certain level of government, it seems that Reports of UFOs rather than the UFOs themselves were regarded as a threat to national security. After World War II operators who literally plugged you in when making a phone call handled telephone calls. The government became concerned that our phone system was being overrun by UFO reports. On September 24, 1952, H. Marshall Chadwell, wrote a memo to CIA Director Walter Smith stating, “I’m concerned that large numbers of phone calls, a huge volume of letters and press releases, ATIC (Air Technical Intelligence Center) had received 1500 official UFO reports since 1947, and 250 reports in July alone. z 

That the public concern with the phenomena, which is reflected in both in the US press and the pressure of inquiry upon the Air Force indicates that a fair proportion of our population is mentally conditioned to the acceptance of the incredible. In this fact lies the potential for creating mass hysteria and panic.
The U.S.S.R. is credited with the present capability of delivering an air attack against the United States, yet at any given moment now, there may be current a dozen official unidentified sightings plus many unofficial ones.

7At any moment of attack, we are now in a position where we cannot, on an instant basis distinguish hardware from phantom, and as the tension mounts, we will run the increasing risk of false alerts and the even greater danger of falsely identifying the real as phantom. What could be done to stop people from reporting UFOs?

The Robertson Panel was convened by the CIA to discuss the problem during January 14 to 17, 1953. The panel concluded UFOs were not a threat, but that the continued emphasis on the reporting of these phenomena does, in these perilous times, result in a threat to the orderly functioning of the protective organs of the body politic. This threat involved the clogging of communication channels with UFO reports, the cultivation of a morbid national psychology in which skillful hostile propaganda could induce hysterical behavior and harmful distrust of duly constituted authority. Consequently, the Panel recommended that the national security agencies take immediate steps to strip the UFOs of the special status

They have been given and the aura of mystery they have unfortunately hav acquired. The method prescribed was debunking UFOs. Here is the Panel’s debunking strategy from some the top scientific minds in the government such as Nobel Prize winner in Physics Dr. Luis Alverez, Dr. Lloyd Berkner director of the Brookhaven National Laboratories and Chairman Dr. H. P. Robertson director of Weapons Systems Evaluation at the Secretary of Defense.
The debunking aim would result in reduction in public interest in flying saucers which today evokes a strong psychological reaction. This education could be accomplished by mass media such as television, motion pictures and popular articles. Basis of such education would be actual case histories, which had been puzzling at first but later explained. As in the case of conjuring tricks, there is much less stimulation if the secret is known. Such a program should tend to reduce the current gullibility of the public and consequently their susceptibility to clever hostile propaganda. Dr. Edward Condon.

Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects. Page 915-916.
Editor’s Note: Essentially belittling and propaganda techniques were used to debunk the reality of UFOs in order to help protect the United States and other countries from propaganda that could induce hysterical behavior and clog communications channels. Robertson Panel was still putting a negative spin on UFO news at least 13 years after the panel met.

NASA Astronauts Hoping  to go into Space

Last Shuttle Launch

I feel the future of America is in space and we should be conducting research into advanced technology as shown by the capability of Unidentified Flying Objects as described in General Nathan Twining letters. UFOs have certainly conquered space flight with a huge array of craft, while only the International Space Station remain although the new Space Force likely has space craft of its own. ASA’s moon exploration program called Constellation was  canceled by President Obama. A new moon and Mars program directed by by Trump may  continue.

Two Cosmonauts and Astronaut

It cost taxpayers over $50 million to send an American astronaut into space on Russians equipment. The US Air Force cost for rockets to send satellites into space will also double.
I hope that we are researching the propulsion systems used by Unidentified Flying Objects rather than using thousand year old rocket technology. Instead of being the leader in space countries like Japan, China, Russia, and India have are swiftly moved ahead of us as we cancel key portions of our manned space program.
President Bush had instigated a flood of research and development throughout the nation by charging NASA with getting us back to the moon, and eventually to Mars. NASA began developing technologies for a new series of vehicles for this project including the Ares rockets and the Orion crew capsule, which together is called the Constellation program.  Constellation represents five years of R&D and a $10-billion taxpayer investment, and it has demonstrated success. U.S. taxpayers have already invested a $100-billion dollars in the International Space Station; will be unreachable by scientists and astronauts from the U.S. without hitching a ride on Russian or Chinese space transport at a cost of over $50 million for each astronaut. NASA’s Commercial Crew program finally produced real, tangible results when SpaceX’s Crew Dragon carried a pair of astronauts to the International Space Station earlier this year. It was a very big deal for NASA, and the first time the space agency had launched a crewed mission from U.S. soil in almost a decade.

SpaceX’s Crew Dragon

NASA wants to be able to launch crewed missions whenever it wants, and it simply couldn’t do that by leasing seats aboard Russian Soyuz rockets. So, the fact that NASA astronaut Kate Rubins just rode a Russian spacecraft to the orbiting laboratory certainly seems odd, but it’s actually been planned for quite some time.

With the ending of the Shuttle program, requiring us to “purchase tickets” from Russia, the cost will jump to $51 million starting next year and climb to $55.8 million by 2013.

Moon Base

The world’s oil and energy resources are rapidly depleting but sitting on the Moon surface is a vast reservoir of He3 estimated at total of 1,100,000 metric tons of He3. About 25 tons of He3 would power the United States for one year at our current rate of energy consumption. To put it in perspective; that is the weight of a fully loaded railroad boxcar, or the maximum Space Shuttle payload. The 25-tons of He3 would be worth about $100 billion $ today, or $4 billion per ton. However, Obama decided to cancel the Constellation program that promised to bring us advanced technology and bring back a multitude of minerals and assume energy from the Moon. The solar wind has deposited on the surface of the Moon He3 down to depths of several meters. The highest concentrations are in the lunar Maria; about half the He3 is deposited in the 20% of the lunar surface covered by the Maria. To extract He3 from the lunar soil, we heat the dust to about 600 degrees C and 900 degrees to get the oxygen out.

He3 Area

India, China, and Japan have launched unmanned lunar mission. Russia recently announced its own ambitious lunar plans — for not only sending cosmonauts to the Moon, but establishment of a permanent moon base.

Meanwhile Japan is planning to build a $2 billion moon base starting in 2015, followed by reflecting energy off the moon’s surface to Earth. Shimizu the Japanese construction company is planning to ring the moon with solar panels and beam the energy to Earth. Shimizu’s idea is that to ensure continuous generation of power, an array of solar cells would extend like a belt along the entire 11,000-kilometer (6,835 mile) lunar equator shown here.

NASA has done a great deal to bolster the U.S. economy and medical system for the past fifty-plus years. or every dollar the U.S. government has given NASA for space R&D, seven dollars are returned in the form of corporate and personal income taxes from increased jobs and economic growth. NzSA became a weather station rather than a jumping off place for space until Trump started it up again? Perhaps NASA will discover global warming may caused by the sun as all the planets are all heating up.

Our nation as spent years in time, money, and lives to remain at the forefront in space exploration because we recognized the dangers of having communist powers rule space. Now, after our Shuttles have done most of the heavy lifting for the ISS, and our taxpayers most of the heavy paying, we are going to turn it all over to Russia and China. This places our space capabilities and experiments in their hands and poses an intolerable national security risk. I agree with former astronauts Neil Armstrong and Gene Cernan (the first and last men on the moon) who, complain that abandonment of the Constellation project sets U.S. space capabilities on a downhill slide to mediocrity.” Trump directed a program to go back to the moon and on to Mars. That will likely be cancelled to give illegal immigrant free medical care and a socialistic economy that will likely fail/.

Mars Cave Opening, 

Richard Buchli D.V.M. PhD. writes, this opening on Mars is 238 feet wide and has perfectly squared corners. Thanks to European Space Agency. What is inside those huge cave openings?

Mars Face

 Dr. Buchli writes, I can make out a definite face, possibly two located at 25 39 N 53 41W I measured the side pieces and they range from 700 to 900 feet long!
Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M. Ph.D.

Maars Hole

Buchli states, I found a large area where there are a great number of craters, however the hole for each crater in the first area is plugged with a ball which is very plain and has several parallel lines crossing it. Every crater in this first area is plugged with one of these smooth looking balls. Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M. Ph.D

Mars Crater

Dr. Buchli states, I found a large area where there are a great number of craters, however the hole for each crater in the first area is plugged with a ball which is very plain and has several parallel lines crossing it. Every crater in this first area is plugged with one of these smooth looking balls. Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M. Ph.D

Louis Farrakhan Great Mother Wheel UFO

The Nation of Islam’s Louis Farrakhan

Dr. Richard Buchli writes, this is from a high esolution patch that has been applied to Google moon, and labeled lunar highlands. This hole is about 5 miles wide and 9 miles long. Watching the elevation gage in the lower right corner of my screen, it read over 36,000 feet at the surface. I penetrated the hole until I hit bottom at about 7,200 feet or almost 29,000 feet deep located at 8 23S17 54E. I have no idea what all of this means but I did not find it last fall when I spent several weeks scanning the moon. Editor’s Note: Looks like a deep hole possibly for mining. Ingo Swan and other Remote Viewers claimed mining was being done on the Moon. Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M.Ph.D.

Minister Louis Farrakhan delivered his annual 3hour speech giving his belief concerning UFOs the Nation of Islam teaches as part of their religion, that in 1995, Louis Farrakhan was whisked away to a spaceship called the Great Mother Wheel. While there, he met with Elijah Muhammad (who died in 1975) who gave him instructions to put together the Million Man March.

Great Mother Wheel

In a 1996 speech, Farrakhan states, The Honorable Elijah Muhammad told us of a giant Mother plane that is made like the universe, spheres within spheres. White people call them unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Ezekiel, in the Old Testament, saw a wheel that looked like a cloud by day but a pillar of fire by night. The Hon. Elijah Muhammad said that that wheel was built on the island of Nippon, which is now called Japan, by some of the original scientists. It is a circular plane, and the Bible says that it never makes turns.

Because of its circular nature it can stop and travel in all directions at speeds of thousands of miles per hour. He said,”there are 1,500 small wheels in this mother wheel which is a half mile by a half mile. Each small spaceship contains three bombs, he said, and the “angels on that human-built planet can build a wall out of air … wall America in and start a fire. “Farrakhan said, I’m a light in the midst of darkness, The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said these planes were used to set up mountains on the earth. The white man writes in his above top secret memos o the UFOs. He sees them around his military installation like they are spying.
The Great Mother Wheel is a space vehicle of an advanced technology beyond the limits of the present world. And she does house an advanced civilization with power and force capable of making this world bow in submission to the divine will of its creator,
Elijah Muhammad’s book, “The Mother Plane.” This obviously seems pretty closely related to the ancient astronauts Associated Content @Tmbchr UFO Crash Dream

 India Prehistoric Cave

Rajasthan Times reports: A group of anthropologists working with hill tribes in a remote area of India have made a startling discovery: Intricate prehistoric cave paintings depicting aliens and UFO type craft.
The images were found in the Hoshangabad district of the state of Madhya Pradesh only 70 kilometers from the local administrative centre of Raisen. The caves are hidden deep within dense jungle. A clear image of what might be an alien or ET in a space suit can be seen in one cave painting along with a classical flying saucer shaped UFO that appears to be either beaming something down or beaming something up, in what might be an ancient UFO abduction scenario. A force-field or trail of some sort is seen at the rear of the UFO. Also visible is another object that might depict a wormhole, explaining how aliens were able to reach Earth. This image may lead UFO enthusiasts to conclude that the images might have been drawn with the involvement of aliens themselves.
Local Archaeologist, Mr. Wassim Khan, has personally seen the images. He claims that the objects and creatures seen in them are totally anomalous and out of character when compared to other, already discovered, examples of prehistoric cave art depicting ancient life in the area. As such, he believes that they might suggest beings from other planets have been interacting with humans since prehistoric times: Adding weight to the ancient astronaut theory which postulates that human civilization was established with the assistance of benevolent space-faring aliens.

Monthly Statistical MUFON Report – for October 2020

  • UNITED STATES 340, CANADA 34 , UNITED KINGDOM 19, GERMANY 3 , AUSTRALIA 2 , Australia 2 , IRELAND 2 , POLAND 2 , INDIA 2 , IRAN 1 FRANCE 1 TOTAL: 414

How China Won the Election

China Biological Weapons Attack

Philippine Fishing boat attacked by China

Communist nations often launch attacks when least expected like the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front, some have alleged that the Soviet Union weapon zed the tularermia disease for use against invading German forces in 1942. China–U.S. conflict intensified during the Korean War (1950–1953). China, North Korea, and the Soviet Union accused the United States of employing bacteriological weapons against Korea and China.  Biological weapons are “unfortunately characterized by low visibility, high potency, substantial accessibility, and relatively easy delivery” (Lederberg 1999,)

Then moving nuclear armed missiles into Cuba in 1962. It is no secret Trump Trade agreements are costing China billions of dollars and threatening China’s economy. The US economy was stronger than ever in 2019, and President Trump would likely win the election in 2020.China only hope was to hurt the US economy and get Trump out of office. There  is strong evidence China developed the

China has become increasingly predatory using Chinese ships to destroy Philippine fishing boat in Philippine waters. The Chinese laser attack on a U.S. Navy aircraft flying over international waters on February 17, 2020, was unprovoked, unprofessional, and unsafe. Twenty Indian soldiers are murdered in a surprise cross-border attack: Jun 17, 2020, by the People’s Liberation Army. It is apparent China is ruthless in its operations to destroy other countries. This article will show evidence  developed or used the Coved- 19 virus as a biological weapon.

Chinese Prison

The United States accused China of putting more than a million minority Muslims in “concentration camps”. Peaceful pro-democracy demonstrators in Hong Kong are beaten bloody by riot police on Beijing’s orders. A hundred unprecedented wildfires burning in the West Coast far above the normal number.  Officials continue to battle fires in most of the West Coast states.  Many Fires appear to be started by directed energy weapons Large flashes from  space satellites staring fires have been reported. Newswars.com claims Beams of Light have been spotted starting West Coast Fires as Pentagon warns that China has weapon zed space .YouTube DUTCHSINSE captured what appears to show directed energy weapons from satellite imagery.

Multiple  Fires in West

Within days of the occurrence, US Defense Secretary Mark Esper revealed China and Russia have satellites equipped with “directed energy weapons and more”.

High number of tornadoes and the greatest number of hurricanes to hit the US suggest China is using HAARP or (High-Frequency Active Auroral Research) to affect the weather and spread the drought.

China is also conducting clandestine biological weapons-related research and has failed to disclose past offensive germ weapons work, according to the U.S. a State Department report on Biological Weapons.

Biological weapons are toxic materials produced from pathogenic organisms (usually microbes or viruses) or artificially manufactured toxic substances that are used to intentionally interfere with the biological human systems. As of April, nearly 1,300 people who died of the COVID-19 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, where the virus was first detected. It was likely released from the advanced Biological Wuhan warfare laboratory thought to be the best in China.

Chairman Xi Jinping

China’s bully tactics are led  by Chinese  Chairman Xi Jinping politician who has served as  of the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman  of the Central Military Commission (CMC) since 2012, and President of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 2013. Xi has been the paramount leader.

Chairman Xi Jinping claims, Since the early nineteenth century, China has been humiliated by the Western powers through their imperialist and colonizing endeavors. It appeals to a long-rooted xenophobia, growing anti–United States and anti-Western sentiments, and China’s dominant ideology of patriotism or nationalism giving them the right to attack the West.

World powers are no longer so eager to sit back and let Chinese President Xi Jinxing walk all over them.

Australia’s farmers and miners are hit with trade sanctions after Canberra suggests that the virus, which came out of China, may have come from a China laboratory. Chinese President Xi Jinping has apparently decided that now is the time to assert dominance over an economically prostrate post-pandemic world. But instead of just rolling over, a growing number of nations are fighting back.

India, for one, is clearly not intimidated… The Hindustan News claims China murdered 20,000 Indian troops. Meanwhile, the people of the Philippines are up in arms over China’s expansionism into areas of the South China Sea claimed by Manila.

The survey conducted across 14 countries showed a majority of people had an unfavorable view of China.

Biological Warfare Weapons

India is now the second country to surpass seven million corona virus cases after the United States as of May 19.

The official message from Chiba where the virus started is the “heroic city of Wuhan” is back to normal and back in business, its schools and tourist sites reopened and its enterprises running at full capacity

Wuhan

This announcement suggests that 8,364,977 or over 8 million pepo in Wuhan had received a vaccination that provides immunity to Covid-19 by May. 

Prior to taking the virus around the world the key important people were given the vaccine that had been developed at an early date. The Chimes military of almost three million had also received vaccine by May suggesting the vaccine was likely available to key people in china and perhaps in the US since the winter. It seems odd no major Democrat has come down with the decease. 

 China has a surprisingly low level of COVID-19 disease among its people that started in Wuhan lab has not spread to Shanghai or Beijing its largest cities. I suggest they were prepared with the vaccine indicating there was a plan to release the decease around the worked and disrupt Trump being elected. It is well known the Biden’s were weal liked in China. and with e strongest economy in the world Trump was picked to win.

The COVID-19is not the first serious disease from China. A Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness an early version of a COVID-19 called SARS in February 2003.

Allegedly it escaped from a military laboratory causing thousands of deaths in China. The mounting death toll exacted by SARS in China has triggered speculation that the virus could ultimately be traced back to a leak from military bio-weapon programmers. The illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. The most recent human cases of SARS-CoV infection were reported in China in April 2004 in an outbreak resulting from laboratory-acquired infections killing 800 people in China

Bio-military laboratory

Although most reports favor a natural origin for SARIS as a bio-weapon link should not be ruled out, according to Mr. Richard Fisher, a senior fellow at the Jamestown Foundation, a Washington-based think-tank. Antibody (CBL-rAb-1570FY), Human IgG (CAT#: CBL-rAb-1570FY) is effective for treatment of SARs.

‘While there is no reported evidence that SARS is indeed a weapon, there are plenty of ways that a real weapon with the properties of SARS could prove decisive in a military conflict,’ he said.

SARs is likely the basis for the latest COVID-19 virus according to Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng’.

Ms. Stephanie Lieggi, an East Asia expert at the California-based Centre for Nonproliferation Studies, said: ‘I have seen nothing in recent reports that would support any connection between SARS and biological weapons. The new COVID-19 is likely a much stronger version of SARS.

But it is exactly the innocuous nature of SARS that could make it militarily useful for someone wanting to sow panic and prompt political instability, Mr. Fisher argued.

‘A seemingly ‘natural’ epidemic would lessen suspicion of the main ‘enemy state’ by the target country and its main allies,’ he said.

According to US intelligence sources, the People’s Liberation Army does have an offensive biological weapons program.

Biological weapons include viruses and toxins that can be used in wartime to kill or disable. Communist mission has always been to destroy democracy and this virus has killed millions worldwide.

The Washington Times quoted a senior Trump administration official in May alleging that China is engaged in a covert biological weapons program that includes building arms capable of attacking ethnic groups with pathogens.

China’s State Council Information Office 2020). Released this statement, The theory of the U.S. origins of the virus serves a crucial role in a large-scale propaganda campaign aiming to define and reshape the narratives on the role of China in the world. The China Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated: “It might be the US army personnel which brought the epidemic to Wuhan.” Such official remarks caused a crisis in China–U.S. relations (Myers 2020) According to the official discourse, due to the “strong leadership” of the Party-government and the “huge sacrifice” made by Chinese people, China has achieved “great success” in containing COVID-19 .Such success becomes even more remarkable when compared to the inept response of most Western countries, particularly the United States. Above all, China’s success “evidently” shows the superiority and global applicability of China’s authoritarian response to COVID-19 as well as the Chinese political system.

“We are looking at potential biological experiments on ethnic minorities,” the official said on the condition of anonymity. For example blacks and Latinos seem more prone to get the corona virus.

The Chinese may carry genes that make them more immune to this particular biological weapon. Only 50,000 cases and 15,000 dead in China compared to over an eight million cases in the US and 250,000 deaths. These numbers strongly suggest China developed both the virus  and its vaccine before the end of 2019 ..

A Chinese general, Zhang Shibo, stated in a 2017 book, “New Highland of War,” that biotechnology advances were increasing the likelihood of offensive bioweapons, including the danger of “specific ethnic genetic attacks.” A report by the Chinese military’s National Defense University in 2017 included a section warning that biology is a new domain of warfare and that a future germ conflict could include “specific ethnic genetic attacks”. China is currently a signatory of the Biological Weapons Convention.

Chinese various DNA are different from other peoples. This can be an advantage in biological warfare in protecting your civilization from catching the disease. .Various types of corona virus have been in China for centuries giving the Chinese a certain natutal immunity.

The devastating consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals, families, communities, countries, and the world as a whole offers vivid proof that microbes could be just as destructive and terrifying—if not more so—than the use of nuclear weapons. And it is much less difficult to forge biological weapons than nuclear ones.

Kanatjan Alibekov, former director of one of the Soviet germ-warfare programs, said that China suffered a serious accident at one of its biological weapons plants in the late 1980s. Alibekov asserted that Soviet reconnaissance satellites identified a biological weapons laboratory. . The Soviets suspected that two separate epidemics of hemorrhagic fever that swept the region in the late 1980s were caused by an accident in a lab where Chinese scientists were weapon zing viral diseases.[12]

China’s extensive work with viruses, including laboratory research on bat corona viruses, has  fueled concern that the virus that causes COVID-19 may have escaped from a laboratory in Wuhan.

The Arab oil company worker wondered why he had to keep his Chinese COVID-19 vaccination a secret. Questions raced through his head as he read the confidentiality agreement, which threatened discipline if he told anyone outside company management about the COVID-19 shot he was waiting to get.

The worker knew the vaccine maker, China National Biotec Group — part of the state-owned pharmaceutical group Sinopharm claimed it was conducting trials of this vaccine on hundreds of thousands of people in the United Arab Emirates, Peru, Morocco and other countries to protect oil workers and gain favor. It is likely the vaccine was given secretly to high ranking personnel in China before the actual outbreak last year and spread of the disease was initiated around the world.

“At least they’re in a monitored, controlled situation,” he said of those trials, watching as hundreds of his co-workers lined up around him to get their injection at a clinic in Beijing. “But for us, they can’t make any guarantees. The employee — who did not give his name for fear of reprisal — is one of hundreds of thousands of Chinese citizens who have received COVID-19 vaccines. All China’s military received their vaccinations by June. Medical workers and employees of state-owned companies working abroad were soon included in an “emergency use” program. In September, a China National Biotec executive said 350,000 people outside clinical trials had already received the vaccine. None has been offered to the West including the United States except for possibly key Democrats who seem immune. About 90% of Sinovac’s employees have taken the vaccine early, the company said.

Once released on the public large numbers of carriers were sent to numerous countries around the world including Italy where the decease spread throughout the world.

The Chinese government has denied that the COVID-19escaped from a laboratory.

Army Gen. Mark A. Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said this year that U.S. intelligence agencies were investigating whether the virus escaped from a Wuhan lab or originated naturally.

While key leaders in the US, UK, France, Italy,  and Sprain have gotten sick none of the key leaders in China’s military nor government leaders have gotten sick suggesting they have some sort of built in immunity or vaccine which is the mark of a biological weapon. Vaccines normally take several years to develop.

Dr Li Meng-Yan, who defected to the US after claiming she was being muzzled by China, She stated, “I need everyone to understand this is very critical for all of us.” She was lucky to escape once she found the weapon system. She published a report alleging the virus was created in a lab. Dr Li Meng-Yan, who defected to the US after claiming she was being muzzled by China, published a report alleging the virus was created in a lab.

The virologist claims lives could have been saved if the Chinese government hadn’t censored her work

Dr Yan is formerly a specialist at Hong Kong’s School of Public Health who said her supervisor first asked her to investigate a new “SARIS-like” virus in Wuhan on December 31 — but claims her efforts were later stifled.

After reportedly being told she would “be disappeared” if she spoke out, she fled to the United States.

She wrote that the COVID-19could have been “conveniently created” within a lab setting over a period of just six months.

She adds: “SARS-CoV-2 shows biological characteristics that are inconsistent with a naturally occurring, zoometric virus.”

Real evidence of artificial manipulation and is highly speculative.”

U.S. intelligence agencies recently increased their knowledge of China’s covert biological weapons program with the help of a second defector from the People’s Liberation Army, according to people familiar with the incident. 

Sinovac’s Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate Approved for Emergency Use in Chin

The defector escaped from China and traveled to Europe, where he is under the protection of a European government security service, according to the sources. The PLA defector believes that Chinese intelligence has penetrated the U.S. government and is therefore wary of cooperating with the CIA and other Western spy agencies.

Still, the defector has provided some information about China’s biological arms program that has reached the U.S. government. No other details of the defection could be learned.

As a former intelligence officer, I believe China developed COVID-19 and its vaccine last year  and decided to spread it around the world.  Also saving the lives of millions with the vaccine is a very powerful propaganda to

Warning: The 128 page Democratic Party’s Manifesto is very similar to the1936 Soviet Constitution that allowed Joseph Stalin to rule Communist Russia with an Iron Hand.

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Filer’s Files 46, 2020 Why are UFOs Ridiculed? - PART II

Millennium Falcon over Warsaw, Poland on August 21, 2020.
Millennium Falcon over Warsaw, Poland on August 21, 2020.

Filer’s Files 46, 2020 Why are UFOs Ridiculed? - PART II

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

New Jersey State Director

MUFON Eastern Region Director

Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 to 4 million hits a month

Sending out 32,000 emails a week

UFO Sightings in the United States

Sightings are from MUFON CMS

California Object

– On November 1, 2020, San Martin – Black cheerio with circle with a whole in the middle.

El Sobrante, California

On October 27, 2020, captured object on I pone video

Hawaii Lights

I saw a possible V shaped craft, but it was hard to tell. It had lots of lights and was very large. Some people say it was a “mothership” I am a podcast host and YouTube, I put together this video October 24, 2020

News Report KHON2 – Honolulu: Did you happen to see the strange, bright lights Saturday night? You may have been one of many who thought it looked like a plane, a meteor shower, or something unexplainable. People on different islands reported seeing these lights in the sky on Saturday night shortly after 10 o’clock. We’re told since it was traveling east, residents on the Big Island and Maui probably got a better view.

Kansas Lights

Kansas City – On November 1, 2020, video from car shows moving lights.

New Jersey Cylinders

Trenton – On October 5 2020, 2 Snake objects ejects orb

Ohio Circler of Lights

 Wapakoneta — On June 2, 2020, I photographed a circle of bright lights.

Oklahoma Object

Tulsa – Om October 31, 2020 Unlit flyover of unusual craft. Stealth- slow moving large

Pennsylvania

Philadelphia – On November 2 2020, strange object recorded at school

Tennessee Light

Hermitage – On October 22, 2020, Two photos are attached: My Ring camera at my alarm sounded and opened on my cell phone and the next day it was saved and I made a screen shot of the unknown item. Today I took a picture of the same area in daylight to compare the area. I have not been concerned except that it keeps bugging my mind. The weather was wet but rain had stopped.

Note: This is a strange photo. Given that the ring doorbell was triggered at the time adds more credibility to the sighting.

Texas Triangle

Highland Village —On November 3, 2020,ossible UFO in RC plane video.

Texas Object

San Beno – Om on October 124 2020,

Silver/Dark cylinder hovering in background of backyard pool picture

Worldwide UFO Sightings

Canada Light

 Ajax – On October 24, 2020. Witnessed UFO change into tic tac from dark object and instantly move across the sky

Poland Disc

Warsaw – Object captured over Poland on the 21st of August 2020. The shape of it looks like a Millenium Falcon from a Star Wars movie!

Tanzania Beam of Light

Singida – On November 15 2020,I was photographing a landscape.then when I came to look at the photos I just noticed that there was a huge white flash on one of the photos

UK/Wales

Bath –On November 14 2020, Three triangular lights

United Arab Emirates Lights

Abu Dhabi – On November 5, 2020,

I saw a white ball slowly moving past a hotel and across the island. It eventually disappeared from sight.

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Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.

Have been digging through the giant DVD you sent recently. As a relatively recent joiner, I was unaware of the years’ worth of consistent reports of the same types of objects all over. This has been very educational. Just wanted to thank you for all you’ve done.
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.

Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.

Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.

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Analysis of a Martian meteorite reveals evidence of water 4.4 billion years ago

Analysis of a Martian meteorite reveals evidence of water 4.4 billion years ago

Martian meteorite NWA 7533 is worth more than its weight in gold. Credit: © NASA/Luc Labenne

A meteorite that originated on Mars billions of years ago reveals details of ancient impact events on the red planet. Certain minerals from the Martian crust in the meteorite are oxidized, suggesting the presence of water during the impact that created the meteorite. The finding helps to fill some gaps in knowledge about the role of water in planet formation.

There's a longstanding question in planetary science about the origin of water on Earth, Mars and other large bodies such as the moon. One hypothesis says that it came from asteroids and comets post-formation. But some planetary researchers think that water might just be one of many substances that occur naturally during the formation of planets. A new analysis of an ancient Martian meteorite adds support for this second hypothesis.

Several years ago, a pair of dark meteorites were discovered in the Sahara Desert. They were dubbed NWA 7034 and NWA 7533, where NWA stands for North West Africa and the number is the order in which meteorites are officially approved by the Meteoritical Society, an international planetary science organization. Analysis showed these meteorites are new types of Martian meteorites and are mixtures of different rock fragments.

The earliest fragments formed on Mars 4.4 billion years ago, making them the oldest known Martian meteorites. Rocks like this are rare and can fetch up to $10,000 per gram. But recently 50 grams of NWA 7533 was acquired for analysis by the international team in which Professor Takashi Mikouchi at the University of Tokyo was participating.

"I study minerals in Martian meteorites to understand how Mars formed and its crust and mantle evolved. This is the first time I have investigated this particular meteorite, nicknamed Black Beauty for its dark color," said Mikouchi. "Our samples of NWA 7533 were subjected to four different kinds of spectroscopic analysis, ways of detecting chemical fingerprints. The results led our team to draw some exciting conclusions."

Image

It's well known to planetary scientists that there has been water on Mars for at least 3.7 billion years. But from the mineral composition of the meteorite, Mikouchi and his team deduced it's likely there was water present much earlier, at around 4.4 billion years ago.

"Igneous clasts, or fragmented rock, in the meteorite are formed from magma and are commonly caused by impacts and oxidation," said Mikouchi. "This oxidation could have occurred if there was water present on or in the Martian crust 4.4 billion years ago during an impact that melted part of the crust. Our analysis also suggests such an impact would have released a lot of hydrogen, which would have contributed to planetary warming at a time when Mars already had a thick insulating atmosphere of carbon dioxide."

If there was water on Mars earlier than thought, that suggests water is possibly a natural byproduct of some process early on in planet formation. This finding could help researchers answer the question of where water comes from, which in turn could impact theories on the origins of life and the exploration for life beyond Earth.

Explore further

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Multiple Asteroid Strikes May Have Killed Mars's Magnetic Field

Multiple Asteroid Strikes May Have Killed Mars's Magnetic Field

Once upon a time, Mars had a magnetic field, just like Earth. Four billion years ago, it vanished, taking with it the planet’s chances of evolving life as we know it. Now scientists have proposed a new explanation for its disappearance. A model of asteroids striking the red planet suggests that, while no single impact […]

bigmola.jpg

Image: NASA

Once upon a time, Mars had a magnetic field, just like Earth. Four billion years ago, it vanished, taking with it the planet's chances of evolving life as we know it. Now scientists have proposed a new explanation for its disappearance.__

A model of asteroids striking the red planet suggests that, while no single impact would have short-circuited the dynamo that powered its magnetism, a quick succession of 20 asteroid strikes could have done the job.

"Each one crippled a little bit," said geophysicist Jafar Arkani-Hamed of the University of Toronto, author of the new study. "We believe those were enough to cripple, cripple, cripple, cripple until it killed all of the dynamo forever."

Rocky planets like Earth, Mars, Mercury and even the moon get their magnetic fields from the movement of molten iron inside their cores, a process called convection. Packets of molten iron rise, cool and sink within the core, and generate an electric current. The planet's spinning turns that current into a magnetic field in a system known as a dynamo.

Magnetic fields can shield a planet from the constant rain of high-energy particles carried in the solar wind by deflecting charged particles away from the surface. Some studies have suggested that Earth's magnetic field could have protected early life forms from the sun's most harmful radiation, allowing more complex life to develop. But traces of magnetism in the Martian surface reveal that the red planet lost its magnetic field some four billion years ago, leaving its atmosphere to be dessicated by the harsh solar wind.

Previous studies suggested that a massive impact could have shut down Mars's dynamo by warming the mantle layer, disrupting the heat flow from the core to the mantle and shutting down convection. The fact that the crust of Mars's younger impact craters is not magnetized supports this idea. Earlier computer models by geophysicist James Roberts of Johns Hopkins University showed that the largest known impacts on Mars could turn the mantle to a warm blanket, bringing the dynamo to a standstill.

But Arkani-Hamed's new study in the Journal of Geophysical Research suggests that just one impact wouldn't suffice. The dynamo would recover in less than one hundred million years. "The magnetic field should come back again," he said.

To make his case, Arkani-Hamed modeled the heat that could have been produced when -- according to some geophysicists -- an asteroid the size of Texas hit Mars about 4.5 billion years ago, producing the biggest impact in our solar system's history. Called the Borealis impact, it may have flattened Mars's entire northern hemisphere.

This mega-impact would have flattened out the heat cycle inside the planet, too, snuffing out the dynamo within about 20,000 years. Without the cold compress of the mantle to siphon heat away from the core, convection wouldn't have a chance.

But left alone, convection would have recovered in the outer parts of the core, and eventually penetrated deep and started the whole core churning again. The Borealis impact would have crippled the dynamo, but not killed it outright.

"If there were a dynamo at 4.5 billion years, it could cease, go away and regenerate after about 100 million years," he said.

But perhaps__ several impacts in a row could do the __job. The planet's crater record shows that Mars suffered 20 impacts in quick succession between 4.2 and 3.9 billion years ago. In work to be presented at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas this March, Arkani-Hamed teamed up with Roberts to show that just the five largest of these impacts could have shut down the magnetic field. The impacts came so rapidly that the dynamo had no time to recover before the next crippling blow arrived.

"This research is important because it shows that this scenario is plausible. It could have physically happened," said Wesley Watters of Cornell University, who was not involved in the new research. "But to test this model versus another is enormously difficult to do."

To really figure out when and how Mars lost its magnetic field, we'd need to know the ages of lots of Martian rocks with the same kind of precision with which we know them on Earth.

"We just don't have that for Mars," he said.

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Chemical reactions high in Mars’ atmosphere rip apart water molecules

Chemical reactions high in Mars’ atmosphere rip apart water molecules

The process, which takes four hours on average, helps explain why Mars loses water so fast

illustration of Mars surface

Mars is so arid because its water is constantly escaping into space, as seen in this illustration. A new study suggests this process can occur higher in the atmosphere and more quickly than previously thought.

GSFC/NASA, LASP/CU

By 

Mars’ water is being skimmed off the top. NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft found water lofted into Mars’ upper atmosphere, where its hydrogen and oxygen atoms are ripped apart, scientists report in the Nov. 13 Science.

“This completely changes how we thought hydrogen, in particular, was being lost to space,” says planetary chemist Shane Stone of the University of Arizona in Tucson.

Mars’ surface was shaped by flowing water, but today the planet is an arid desert (SN: 12/8/14). Previously, scientists thought that Mars’ water was lost in a “slow and steady trickle,” as sunlight split water in the lower atmosphere and hydrogen gradually diffused upward, Stone says.

But MAVEN, which has been orbiting Mars since 2014, scooped up water molecules in Mars’ ionosphere, at altitudes of about 150 kilometers. That was surprising — previously the highest water had been seen was about 80 kilometers (SN: 1/22/18).

That high-up water varied in concentration as the seasons changed on Mars, with the peak in the southern summer, when seasonal dust storms are most frequent (SN: 7/14/20). During a global dust storm in 2018, water levels jumped even higher, suggesting dust storms lift water in a “sudden splash,” Stone says.

The top of Mars’ atmosphere is full of charged molecules that are primed for rapid chemical reactions, especially with water. So water up there is split apart quickly, on average lasting only four hours, leaving hydrogen atoms to float away (SN: 11/27/15). That process is 10 times faster than previously known ways for Mars to lose water, Stone and his colleagues calculated.

This process could account for Mars losing the equivalent of a 44-centimeter-deep global ocean in the past billion years, plus another 17-centimeter-deep ocean during each global dust storm, the team found. That can’t explain all of Mars’ water loss, but it’s a start.


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SCIENTISTS THINK THEY'VE FINALLY DISCOVERED WHAT HAPPENED TO MARS' WATER

-Scientists think they've finally discovered what happened to Mars' water

SCIENTISTS THINK THEY'VE FINALLY DISCOVERED WHAT HAPPENED TO MARS' WATER

Dust storms have been bleeding Mars dry for billions of years.

HOW DID MARS LOSE ITS WATER? 

It’s one of the Solar System’s most enduring mysteries on one of its most intriguing planets.

Now, thanks to NASA’s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, scientists have gained a richer understanding of the Martian atmosphere, getting to the core of how the planet functions — and they think they have an answer to the enigma.

To understand where the Martian water went, scientists looked up — a little over 92 miles, or 150 kilometers above the Martian surface, to be precise. What they found is detailed in a new study published Thursday in the journal Science.

Shane Stone is a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona and one of the authors on the new study. Looking at this specific part of the planet's atmosphere, rather than its surface, was critical to the scientists' newfound understanding of what happened to its water, he tells Inverse.

“This is the part of the atmosphere where we're transitioning from the atmosphere to space. It’s not a hard edge, but a smooth transition,” Stone says.

An artist's conception of MAVEN studying Mars.

An artist's conception of MAVEN studying Mars. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

All planets with an atmosphere, including Earth, have this transitory space. Earth’s is known as the exosphere. It’s where the light from stars breaks apart neutral molecules into their constituent parts, like carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen.

And it is in this transitional space that Stone’s team found traces of water.

“It’s a real surprise and has significant implications for understanding the escape of water from the planet,” Stone says.

DUST DEVILS

According to the new data, dust storms rising from the Martian surface appear to have been slowly sucking away the planet's water over the course of millions of years by sweeping water molecules up on a wild journey into the atmosphere. This happens on Earth, too — evaporated water molecules travel upwards until they condense from a gas back into a liquid, becoming rain-filled clouds. Where this process happens is known as the hygropause.

“On Mars, the hygropause is not operating as efficiently as it should be, not as efficiently as Earth’s hygropause,” Stone says. As a result, when water moves into Mars' upper atmosphere, it reacts with atmospheric molecules and is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen — the hydrogen can then escape the Martian atmosphere entirely, the study suggests — and is ultimately lost to space forever.

A 2001 dust storm engulfs the entirety of Mars. NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS

The findings shed light on the Red Planet's evolution from a wet world, perhaps similar to Earth, to the desert-like world we know today. Scientists believe that while the Martian surface is riddled with ancient lake beds and rivers, the only water remaining may be trapped underground.

MARTIAN WEATHER

 MAVEN can conduct research during Martian dust storms. While most other satellites take circular orbits, meaning they look at the same part of Mars at the same time of day, over and over again, MAVEN “samples different conditions on Mars continually, in terms of times of day, longitude and latitude," Stone says.

The Red Planet experiences regular regional dust storms, but in 2018 the planet was overtaken by a global dust storm. Stone describes the event as “very lucky” for the team, as it provided an unprecedented view of how the entire planet reacts to a storm.

A dust devil on Mars, captured by the ill-fated Opportunity rover in 2016. NASA/JPL-Caltech

Not everyone would refer to the 2018 storm as "lucky." While MAVEN was busy watching the skies, NASA’s Opportunity rover was patrolling the Martian surface. The dust storms settled on Opportunity’s solar panels, blocking out the sun’s rays and depriving it of energy — eventually putting an end to the rover’s historic journey.

“We were absolutely ecstatic when we got that dust storm...it giveth and it taketh away,” Stone says.

Abstract: 

Mars has lost most of its once-abundant water to space, leaving the planet cold and dry. In standard models, molecular hydrogen produced from water in the lower atmosphere diffuses into the upper atmosphere where it is dissociated, producing atomic hydrogen, which is lost. Using observations from the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft, we demonstrate that water is instead transported directly to the upper atmosphere, then dissociated by ions to produce atomic hydrogen. The water abundance in the upper atmosphere varied seasonally, peaking in southern summer, and surged during dust storms, including the 2018global dust storm. We calculate that this transport of water dominates the present-day loss of atomic hydrogen to space and influenced the evolution of Mars’ climate.

Correction: 

  • A previous version of this article misstated the constituent parts of carbon dioxide. We regret the error.

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STELLAR FOSSILS REVEAL THE

STELLAR FOSSILS REVEAL THE "KRAKEN" IN THE MILKY WAY'S PAST

Astronomers have reconstructed the Milky Way’s merger history, finding that our galaxy has absorbed five large satellite galaxies in the last 12 billion years.

Like moths in the lamplight

This artist’s impression shows how the Milky Way galaxy would look seen from almost edge on. Shown are the disk with star-blocking dust clouds, the central bulge and globular clusters (added by the author) in the halo. ESO/NASA/JPL-Caltech/M. Kornmesser/R.Hurt

Our galaxy is old, nearly as old as the universe itself. But it didn’t start as a spiral of stars around a peanut-shape middle. It grew over time, both accumulating stars from collisions with other galaxies and forming stars itself from inflowing gas.

Piecing together the details of this history is a major goal of astronomers, and Diederik Kruijssen (University of Heidelberg, Germany, and Harvard) and colleagues have proposed one version of this story, now published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (preprint available here).

THE BIG FIVE

To peek into the past, Kruijssen and colleagues examined globular clusters. These ancient balls of densely packed stars were pawns of history, accompanying satellite galaxies as they were subsumed into the Milky Way. Now they largely orbit outside our galaxy’s disk in the stellar halo. Astronomers know of at least 150 of them.

Many globular clusters formed right where they are, but the orbits of a subset of them suggest they’re strangers in a strange land. These clusters don’t have as many elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, known to astronomers as metals, indicating their origin in smaller galaxies rather than the larger and metal-enriched Milky Way.

To understand where — and when — these globular clusters came from, Kruijssen’s team relied on a set of zoomed-in cosmological simulations called E-MOSAICS. These simulations show the evolution of Milky Way-like galaxies as they cannibalize smaller galaxies, subsuming their globular clusters.

“Galaxy assembly is an extremely messy process, during which the orbits of the globular clusters are completely reshuffled,” Kruijssen explains. “To make sense of the complex system that is left today, we therefore decided to use artificial intelligence.”

Kruijssen and his colleagues trained an artificial neural network on E-MOSAICS, teaching it to relate the properties of globular clusters and their galaxy of origin. The result is a history of the most significant mergers with other galaxies:

The Milky Way's merger history

A history of collisions, this merger tree shows when five different satellite galaxies collided and accreted onto the Milky Way.
D. Kruijssen et al. / Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
  • First came a galaxy playfully dubbed “the Kraken,” which collided with our galaxy around 11 billion years ago. Though not the most massive satellite that the Milky Way encountered, it was the most significant with respect to our galaxy’s mass at the time. It contributed at least 13 globular clusters to the Milky Way.
  • A billion years later came a smaller galaxy whose remains are seen as a rivulset of stars dubbed the Helmi streams; it brought along at least five globular clusters.
  • Another two small galaxies joined our own in quick succession, nicknamed “Sequoia” and “Gaia-Enceladus,” accompanied by at least three and at least 20 globular clusters, respectively.
  • The most recent acquisition was the Sagittarius dwarf, which joined us 7 billion years ago. In addition to the seven globular clusters it brought with it, the galaxy’s remains are also visible as strung-out loops of stars circling our galaxy on nearly polar orbits.

Sagittarius Stream

This artist's impression shows the tidal tails of stars (white) streaming from the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy (orange) that orbits the Milky Way. The bright yellow circle to the right of the galaxy's center is our Sun (not to scale). Sagittarius is on the other side of the galaxy from us, but we can see its tidal tails of stars stretching across the sky as they wrap around our galaxy.
Amanda Smith / University of Cambridge

Gaia-Enceladus was previously thought to be the biggest collision. “However, the merger with Kraken took place 11 billion years ago, when the Milky Way was four times less massive,” Kruijssen explains. “As a result, the collision with Kraken must have truly transformed what the Milky Way looked like at the time.”

It’s possible that many other, smaller galactic collisions took place that did not contribute globular clusters, but this study wasn’t designed to catalog those.

Interestingly, Kruijssen and his colleagues also find that although these galaxy collisions represent the most major events of the Milky Way’s history, they only contributed about a billion stars, about the mass of the stellar halo but a drop in the bucket compared to the spiral-imprinted disk. Most of our stars formed within our galaxy.

WHAT DOES “AVERAGE” MEAN, ANYWAY?

Helmer Koppelman (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton), who was not involved in the study, calls it “a fascinating summary of the Milky Way’s merger history.”

But there are some philosophical caveats to keep in mind. First, although the study is based on simulations of galaxies that are on average like the Milky Way, Koppelman explains that “the ‘average’ galaxy might not exist – meaning that each galaxy has its own peculiarities.”

Not only do the simulations assume an “average” Milky Way, they also assume a specific universe. Other simulations — and there are a wide range of them — might give different results. In fact, the study of galaxies’ formation history is inspired in part by the desire to test how well simulated universes reflect reality.

“In a way, the authors have provided an excellent test for this,” Koppelman says. “Independent future research that either agrees or disagrees with the merger history presented in the paper might tell us whether the simulations are accurate or not.”

There’s clearly a lot of work still to be done in reconstructing our galaxy’s messy history, but this study provides a cohesive framework for those efforts.


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Astronomers Reveal an Ancient Collision Between the Milky Way and Kraken Galaxies

Milky-Way-999x540.jpg

Astronomers Reveal an Ancient Collision Between the Milky Way and Kraken Galaxies

Astronomers were able to detail our Milky Way galaxy’s first “family tree” and it revealed that the largest collision occurred around 11 billion years ago with another galaxy that was named after a mythical sea monster.

The collision between the Milky Way and Kraken galaxies is definitely an exciting revelation for those who work in the field of astronomy because it occurred about 11 billion years ago when our galaxy was in its developmental stages and its early history has remained a mystery for so many years.

While intergalactic collisions were fairly common in ancient times, the one that occurred between Milky Way and Kraken was so massive that it actually changed our galaxy’s appearance. A few examples of ancient collisions include the “Helmi Streams” event that occurred approximately 10 billion years ago; the Sequoia event that happened about a billion years later; and the Gaia-Enceladus event that occurred a short time later around 9 billion years ago. In fact, the Gaia-Enceladus event was believed to have been the biggest ever collision with our galaxy until experts uncovered the Kraken event.

Milky Way

According to Dr. Diederik Kruijssen from the University of Heidelberg and who co-authored the study, since the merger with Kraken occurred 11 billion years ago when our galaxy was around four times smaller than it is today, it would make sense that the event changed its appearance.

Our galaxy is huge at about 100,000 light-years across with spiral arms and a peanut-shaped core. So in order for the experts to find out how it became so massive, they used artificial intelligence to study global clusters that contain up to a million stars.

Dr. Kruijssen as well as Dr. Joel Pfeffer from Liverpool John Moores University and a team of international researchers created computer simulations of our galaxy called E-Mosaics which allowed them to study different global clusters.

Milky Way

There are over 150 clusters in the Milky Way and many of them were created in other small galaxies that eventually merged with ours. Around five galaxies with over 100 million stars and approximately 15 galaxies with a minimum of 10 million stars all merged into the Milky Way, with the largest ones colliding with us between 6 and 11 billion years ago.

Their research was published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society where it can be read in full.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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B-52 Encounter With An Alien Craft Near Minot Air Force Base

B-52 Encounter With An Alien Craft Near Minot Air Force Base

A reproduction of the events from the Minot Air Force base incident

A reproduction of the events from the Minot Air Force base incident

MINOT AIR FORCE BASE – Project Blue Book case dated October 24, 1968, when missile crews, control personnel and maintenance personnel observed a UFO in the vicinity of the base. The following is the tape between the air controllers and the B-52 crew with call sign JAG Three one.

At 0330 hours: The controllers received the information that there was a UFO 24 miles to the northwest. A B-52 jet bomber (JAG 31) flying at 2000 feet was on a calibration check and requests a clearance from radar personnel.

At 0334 “MIB (Minot) approach control does JAG 31 have clearance to WT fix at Flight Level 2000?”

JAG 31, Roger climb out on a heading of 290 climb and maintain 5000. Stand by for higher altitude. We’re trying to get it from center now.

At 0335, the controller asked, “And JAG 31 on your way out to the WT fix request you look out toward your one o’clock position for the next fifteen miles and see if you see any orange glows out there? “Roger, roger glows 31, “Someone is seeing UFOs again!” “Roger I see a…….. (Rest of transmission garbled)

An aerial view of the military facility

An aerial view of the facility

At 0352, The controller then radioed, “Three one, the UFO is being picked up by weather’s radar also. Should be at our one o’clock position three miles now”

The pilot said, “We have nothing on our airborne radar and I’m in some pretty thick haze now and unable to see out that way.”

At 0358, the pilot then requested an instrument guided approach, and received instructions. The pilot called, and then the transmitter went dead, but they could hear instructions from the ground. The controller asked them to squawk ident,” which meant to use the aircraft’s transponder which would paint the controller’s radar with a large, glowing blip with the aircraft’s identification.

At 0400, the controller then radioed, “JAG 31 if you hear me squawk ident…JAG 31 ident observed. Cleared for the approach attempt. Contact on frequency 271 decimal three and you’re cleared for the low approach. They continued to have radio problems for another couple of minutes.

At 0402, they were able to communicate easily. The pilot said, “Our UFO was off to our left side when we started penetration.

A depiction of the sighting from the control tower

A depiction of the sighting from the control tower

“Roger, understand you did see something on your left side.” “We had a radar return at about a mile and a quarter, at nine o’clock position for about the time we left 200 to 14…”They discussed the troubles with the transmission and then, the controller asked, “Affirmative. I was wondering how far out did you see that UFO?”

“He was about one and a half miles off our left wing at 35 miles when we started in and stayed with us ’til about 10.”

“I wonder if that could have been your radio troubles?”

“I don’t know…. But that’s exactly when they started. “At 0413, Jag 31 are you observing any more UFOs? Negative on radar. We can’t see anything visually.

JAG 31, request you have someone report to base ops after you land.

What we have, then, was a group of sightings made by men on the ground, at the missile sites scattered around the base. There was radar sightings from ground and weather’s radar. There were visual sightings from the crew of the B-52, and an airborne radar sighting where the target traveled at 3,000 miles per hour.

Scope photographs were taken. There were sightings made by S.Sgt. Bond the FSC at Nov. Flight, S.Sgt. Smith at Oscar-1, Julelt, and Mike Flight Team and a number of men in widely scattered locations.

The object landed at location AA-43 and the entire observation lasted for 45 minutes. Fourteen other people in separate locations also reported the UFO. Security alarm were activated for both the outer and inner ring at the missile sites. When the guards arrived at the outer door it was open and the combination lock on the inner door had been moved.

Witness sketch of the UFO sighting

Witness sketch of the UFO sighting

An image of the radar readings

An image of the radar readings

Editors Note:

The case in my estimation was never investigated properly. Project Blue Book personnel never sent a representative and the case was essentially written off despite the interest of several Strategic Air Command generals including 15th Air Force’s Major General Nichols.

The sighting was officially explained by on November 13, by Lt. Col. Hector Quintanilla who wrote, “The following conclusions have been reached after a thorough study of the data submitted to Foreign Technology Division. The ground visual sightings appear to be of the star Sirius and the B-52, which was flying in the area.

The B-52 radar contact and the temporary loss of the UHF transmission could be attributed to a plasma similar to ball lightning. The air visual from the B-52 could be the star Vega, which was on the horizon at the time, or it could be a light on the ground, or possibly a plasma. No further investigation by the Foreign Technology Division is contemplated.

This is a classic Blue Book case where dozens of Air Force personnel who see B-52s and stars nightly have their testimony doubted. They know when they’ve seen a UFO. In this case the scientists doing the Condon report agreed that this was a real UFO.

The apparent damage to the missile site and disruption of B-52 radio transmissions was in my opinion a threat to primary nuclear offensive systems and should not have been trivialized. The records speak for themselves. This article was taken from Scientific Ufology written by Captain Kevin D. Randle USAFR.

It appears Quintanilla either did not care or had instructions to write off most of the sightings with any available excuse. I wonder why the reports were white washed, while the Air Force’s scientific advisor Alan Hynek was coming to the opposite conclusion that, UFOs were real? NOTE: The above image is CGI.

KEN PFEIFER WORLD UFO PHOTOS AND NEWS

HTTP://WWW.WORLDUFOPHOTOS.ORG

HTTP://WWW.WORLDUFOPHOTOSANDNEWS.ORG

HTTP://WWW.NEWDISCOVERIES51.YOLASITE.COM

HTTP://WWW.UFOCASEBOOK.COM CASE FILES

GOOGLE…………….KEN PFEIFER UFO

YOU TUBE…………….KEN PFEIFER RADIO SHOWS

Source: 

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30 Meter UFO Shoots Out Of Volcano In Mexico, Nov 14, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

30 Meter UFO Shoots Out Of Volcano In Mexico, Nov 14, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Nov 14, 2020
Location of sighting: Popocatepetl, Mexico
Source: Live Cam
 
I was watching the live cam and noticed a bright object coming out of the volcanos side. At first I thought it was the moon, but the object shot away in under two minutes and the moon moves slowly. The stars above the volcano never moved while all this was happening. The glowing object had a trail behind it for about 3 seconds after leaving the volcano side exit, but the trail soon disappeared. I have observed this and Colima for over 12 years and caught many UFOs entering and leaving this volcano. That is why I have come to the conclusion that there must be an alien base 6km below the volcano and that the volcano is not really active naturally, but made active by the aliens to keep curious humans away. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 
 
UFO%252C%2Bsighting%252C%2Bnews%252C%2Bmexico%252C%2Bvolcano%252C%2Bovni%252C%2Bomni%252C%2B.png

UFO%252C%2Bsighting%252C%2Bnews%252C%2B.png
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1 Orb splits into 5 orbs over Boston, MA 13-Nov-2020

1 Orb splits into 5 orbs over Boston, MA 13-Nov-2020

orb-splits

This video was just posted on MUFON’s website today. This strange event apparently happened over Boston, Massachusetts on 13th November 2020.

Witness report: 

It’s not a balloon or a star Witnessed by 3

Don’t forget to install our Android App for the latest UFO news & videos!

Link: play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.latestufosightings.app

RELATED VIDEO, selected and posted by peter2011 - same phenomenon in 2015 and 2013?

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Orbs appearing then disappearing over Cream Ridge, NJ 14-Nov-2020

Orbs appearing then disappearing over Cream Ridge, NJ 14-Nov-2020

ufo-sighting-1024x576.jpg

This UFO sighting happened over Cream Ridge, New Jersey on 14th November 2020.

Witness report: 

The video attached is NOT our first experience of this. This is NOT a plane, these orbs appear and disappear as they’re moving. Planes fly around because we live by Fort Dix so we can tell what is a plane and what is not. This is no plane or helicopter.

Check out this amazing book about the top 10 UFO cases in the history

Get your’s on Amazon: Top 10 UFO Sightings: Best Cases: Aliens are visiting us

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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UFO Video: “Seen by a few people over Lake Gaston, North Carolina tonight”

UFO Video: “Seen by a few people over Lake Gaston, North Carolina tonight”

lake-gaston-ufos-1024x576.jpg

This UFO sighting video was just submitted to us through our Facebook page. This happened on 13th November 2020 over Lake Gaston, is a hydroelectric reservoir in North Carolina.

Witness report: 

Seen by a few people over Lake Gaston , North Carolina tonight. Up to 5 lights and someone saw fireballs at sunset. We saw 4 lights, 2 sets running parallel really slow with no other lights. Right at sunset.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) is closest today

Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) is closest today

Discovered last June, Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) is closest to Earth – milions of miles away – on Saturday, November 14, 2020. It’s in an easy-to-find location, if you have a dark sky. Charts and photos here.

Star chart with Orion and tick marks showing location of comet.

Location of Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) at its closest approach to Earth on Saturday, November 14. No matter where you are on Earth, to find the constellation Orion, look generally eastward in late evening, say, between 10 p.m. and midnight. The comet should be easy to locate, as it will be very close to where we see the star Bellatrix in Orion. Be forewarned: this comet isn’t as bright as NEOWISE was last summer. Be sure to look when the sky is dark, through binoculars or a small telescope, or using long exposure photography.

Illustration via Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.

A comet discovered this past summer will be at its closest to Earth today (Saturday, November 14, 2020). Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) isn’t nearly bright enough to see with the unaided eye, but binoculars might pick it up, and we’ve seen some glorious images via long-exposure photography, even with just zoom lenses. The ATLAS telescope system – two telescopes being developed by the University of Hawaii as an asteroid or comet impact early warning system – was the first to spot Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) on June 27, 2020. The comet reached its perihelion, or closest approach to the sun, on October 25.

Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) will pass at a very safe 33,313,846 million miles (53,613,439 km) distance, or between the orbits of Mars and Earth.

It’s in a fantastically easy-to-locate spot in our sky on Saturday night – near the star Bellatrix in the constellation Orion (see chart above) – so if you have a dark sky, and a pair of binoculars, by all means look for it! It’ll look like a fuzzy “star.”

Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) photographed near Orion's belt by Victor Rogus

View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Victor C. Rogus in Sedona, Arizona, captured this photo of the comet on November 12, 2020. He wrote: “Comet C/2020 M3 (ATLAS) is easy to find in Orion!”. Indeed, the small fuzzy green comet was here aligned with the 3 stars of Orion’s belt, stretching diagonally over the image.

The first tweet below – from Michael Jaegar (@Komet123Jager on Twitter) on November 7 – provides an exquisite view of Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas), at right. From our earthly perspective, the comet was passing not far from the great Orion Nebula (M42), seen in Jaegar’s first image below at lower left. The Running Man Nebula is also visible on top of the Great Orion Nebula on this long exposure image.

Currently at a visual magnitude between 7.8 and 8.0, Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) is visible with binoculars from dark skies. Please note that the views of this comet are in no way as good as those offered by Comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE), which provided a grand spectacle this past summer.

Still, it’s a thrill to see the comet! And remember that – every time we have the opportunity to see a new comet – you might take into account that each of these events may be a once-in-a-lifetime experience. That is the case with Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas). After its closest approach on November 14, this comet will not return to Earth’s vicinity until year 2159.

Luckily for us, Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) is easy to locate, as it glides through the well-known constellation Orion the Hunter.

Star chart with Orion and tick marks showing location of comet.

Location of Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) on Friday, November 13, 2020. This chart faces east around 10 p.m. local time, as seen from the U.S.

Illustration via Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.

Using a small telescope or good binoculars (steadily held), the celestial visitor will appear as a fuzzy, small, diffuse object. It does not look like a star. When you view it, it will appear motionless. But note the stars around it, wait 15 minutes, and then return to view … and you might detect it has changed its position, barely, with respect to background stars. All objects in space are moving. But we don’t see the stars move; they are “fixed” because they’re so far away. This comet, on the other hand, is relatively nearby and moving at 32,019 miles per hour (51,529 km/h). Its motion can most easily be detected from one night to the next.

Around its closest approach to Earth on November 14, comet M3 Atlas should appear to cross a sky distance similar to a full moon diameter in about 6 hours.

Star field with white dot surrounded by large green circular fuzzy area.

A closer look at Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas)

Image by José J. Chambó.

Sky enthusiasts can try to capture long-exposure images and review the results. You will be searching for a very small, greenish object. Although it will appear as a tailless and diffuse small sphere, it’s amazing how big a comet’s coma, or extended atmosphere, really gets. The nucleus – or core – of a comet is usually about a mile wide (1 to 2 km), but – as it travels closest to the sun that binds it in orbit – the sun’s heat causes the comet’s gases to puff up, creating a huge sphere of gas around the comet. This is the coma or cometary atmosphere.

Australian Michael Mattiazzo, an experienced comet discoverer and observer, estimates Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) has developed a coma about 211,000 miles (340,000 km) in diameter. That’s almost the distance from Earth to the moon, which is about 239,000 miles away!

Diagram of orbits of inner planets with long curved red line representing the comet's path.

During closest approach this Saturday, November 14, 2020, Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) will be located between the orbits of Mars and Earth, as seen in this illustration.

Chart via astro.vanbuitenen.nl.

Oblique view of planetary orbits with comet's path at an angle to their plane.

Another perspective of the trajectory of Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas),  passing between the orbits of Mars and Earth during closest approach on Saturday, November 14, 2020. 

Chart via astro.vanbuitenen.nl.

  • Bottom line: Comet C/2020 M3 (Atlas) is headed for its closest approach to Earth on Saturday, November 14, 2020. It can’t be seen with the eye alone, but telescope users are beginning to capture glorious images. Charts for finding the comet here.


{ https://earthsky.org/ }

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STEVE may be even less like typical auroras than scientists thought

STEVE may be even less like typical auroras than scientists thought

Horizontal green streaks that often appear in the sky glow can’t be formed by electron showers

STEVE sky glow

The weird, purple-and-green sky glow known as STEVE (shown) continues to defy explanation.

NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, COURTESY OF KRISTA TRINDER

By 

The atmospheric light show nicknamed STEVE may be even weirder than skywatchers thought.

STEVE, short for Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement, is a sky glow that appears south of the northern lights (SN: 3/15/18). STEVE’s main feature is a mauve band of light formed by a stream of plasma flowing westward through the atmosphere — a different phenomenon from the one that gives rise to auroras (SN: 4/30/19). But STEVE’s purple arc is often accompanied by a “picket fence” of vertical green stripes. That fence looks similar enough to the shimmering green curtains seen in the aurora borealis that scientists thought at least this part of STEVE could be a type of aurora.

Recently, studies of the picket fence’s color have cast doubt on its origins. Auroras form when electrons from the magnetic bubble, or magnetosphere, surrounding Earth cascade into the atmosphere (SN: 2/7/20). Those electrons make nitrogen in the air glow blue and oxygen glow green. While STEVE’s green picket fence also contains glowing oxygen, a dearth of nitrogen emission hints that the fence is not the same kind of light show as an aurora.

Now, researchers and citizen scientists have identified an even more unusual aspect of STEVE’s picket fence: small green streaks that stick out like feet from the bottom of some of its vertical stripes. The structure of these horizontal streaks cannot be formed by the electron showers responsible for auroras, researchers report in the December AGU Advances.

“It’s really weird, and nobody really knows what’s going on just yet,” says Joshua Semeter, an engineer at Boston University. But the new observations suggest these horizontal streaks — and perhaps the similarly colored fence — arise from some STEVE-specific process.

Semeter and colleagues examined horizontal streaks below picket fences in high-resolution images of STEVE taken by citizen scientists. The analysis suggested that the streaks in these images were not actually lines extended across the sky, but only appeared that way due to motion blur, as spherical blobs of glowing gas moved through the atmosphere.

STEVE streaks

The sky glow nicknamed STEVE is a purple arc of light often accompanied by a vertical row of green stripes. The discovery of horizontal green streaks below those stripes (one shown in the boxes) suggests that STEVE’s green features are not a kind of aurora.J. SEMETER ET AL/AGU ADVANCES 2020

These green blobs might arise from turbulence in the torrent of plasma that creates STEVE’s purple band, Semeter says. Positively charged atoms in the plasma may rush through the atmosphere largely unimpeded, forming a smooth purple arc. Meanwhile, electrons in the plasma are far lighter and more liable to get tripped up by Earth’s magnetic field lines — giving those particles a much bumpier ride through the air. As a result, those high-energy electrons may get tangled up in small vortices on the edge of the plasma stream, below the purple streak. There, the particles could excite pockets of oxygen to glow green.

For now, this is just a theory for what might be occurring. Computer simulations of plasma flowing through the atmosphere could test whether the idea is correct.

Whatever is going on with STEVE’s horizontal green features, “there’s some tantalizing evidence” that they’re related to the vertical picket fence, Semeter says. “We found events where these little feet appear before or at the same time as the green column above it.” And some horizontal and vertical streaks looked connected. “It appears that the green emission is actually expanding upward along the magnetic field line,” Semeter says. If so, that could explain why STEVE’s picket fence doesn’t have quite the same color as typical auroras.

While these observations do hint that the fence may arise from STEVE-specific particle interactions, it’s hard to be sure based only on photographs from the ground, says Toshi Nishimura, a space physicist at Boston University who was not involved in the work.

Future satellite observations could confirm whether electrons from the magnetosphere are pouring into the atmosphere in the region of a STEVE picket fence, he says. If satellites don’t see such electron showers, that will bolster the idea that the fence is different from normal auroras.

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

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ETs Like UFC? Fighter Diego Sanchez Claims to See UFO

 space-ship-5023086_1920-e1605294142337-999x540.jpg

ETs Like UFC? Fighter Diego Sanchez Claims to See UFO

UFOs have been seen over soccer matches. Numerous football players – including the American kind – have reported UFO encounters. So it would be an easy connect-the-dots conclusion that there might be a Universe Cup someday that includes both humans and ETs. Might there also be a universal Ultimate Fighting Championship to determine the top cosmic mixed martial arts fighter? UFC star Diego Sanchez wouldn’t be surprised by that. In fact, he may already have been scouted by the opposition.

“Today a powerful portal of light energy is open. If there ever was a night to connect with the universe tonight is the night. I have been celebrating and connecting all day.”

What got veteran UFC welterweight and middleweight champion Diego “The Nightmare” Sanchez so excited that he spent the day tweeting about it instead of working out for his next bout?

“I was doing energy work on my patio as a ufo flew right up on me I called for my daughter quick quick she watched this thing Hoover only hundreds of feet away Albuquerque is a trip sightings are regular here. But this shit was contact tonight it was obvious it was watching me”

Alien UFC?

Watching for what? Sanchez, who lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico, says he was working out, so this could have been ETs checking him out for a future bout – or perhaps looking to expand their team by adding a human … albeit an old one by UFO standards – Sanchez is 38. Maybe they’re looking for a trainer – he’s been competing since 2002 and fought as recently as September 27, 2020 – a fight he lost by unanimous decision.

Or could it be something else?

Sanchez once claimed he thought he was dying after smoking weed. When he made weight for his UFC 171 fight against Myles Jury, he celebrated with a dinner of raw beef and raw eggs – which made him ill and caused him to lose the fight. And, of course, he’s a mixed martial arts fighter, so he’s taken a lot of blows to the head. That could explain how few of the commenters on his Twitter feed seem to accept his sighting as legitimate. It would be nice to have some photos or videos (he doesn’t seem to have those) or a sworn testimony from his daughter (no word on that either).

Did you say you saw a UFO? Well, I see Uranus.

On the other hand, Sanchez isn’t the only to have claimed to see a UFO. Former Light Heavyweight Champion Tito Ortiz reported seeing one in 2017 (it turned out to be a SpaceX rocket launch) and former welterweight titleholder Georges St. Pierre, without going into details, has claimed in interviews that he’s deathly afraid of space aliens and occasionally loses large blocks of time which he cannot explain. (I’m not saying it’s blows to the head, but …)

What, if anything, did Diego Sanchez see from his New Mexico patio? Until we get more witnesses or an official challenge from an ET UFC for a bout, it’s a mystery.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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CT Scans On Ancient Egyptian Mummies Reveal Interesting Findings

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CT Scans On Ancient Egyptian Mummies Reveal Interesting Findings

Experts have recently studied two Egyptian mummies that were discovered back in the year 1615 in a rock-cut tomb. The remains were analyzed by using CT scans that revealed interesting facts about the deceased individuals.

The two mummies, in addition to a third one that was on display in Egypt, are the only surviving “stucco-shrouded portrait mummies” from the ancient Egyptian necropolis of Saqqara. And they weren’t buried in coffins as their bodies were put on wooden boards and then wrapped up in a textile that was decorated with gold, 3D plaster, and a portrait of the individual. They were described as a “beautiful mummy shroud” by Stephanie Zesch, who is a physical anthropologist and Egyptologist at the German Mummy Project at Reiss Engelhorn Museum in Mannheim, Germany, as well as the lead researcher of the study.

The three mummies that were studied were an adult male and two females (one adult woman and one teenager) who lived sometime during the late Roman period (30 BC to 395 AD). The females were both still wearing several necklaces and other artifacts were found with the individuals such as coins that may have been placed with them as a payment to the Roman and Greek deity Charon who was said to carry the souls of the deceased across the River Styx.

(Not the mummies mentioned in this article.)

The CT scans showed what types of medical conditions the individuals suffered from, such as advanced arthritis in the adult female’s left knee. In an interview with Live Science, Zesch stated, “The examination of the individuals yielded that they died at rather young ages … however, the cause of death of the individuals could not be determined.”

As for their body sizes and when they died, the male, who passed away between 25 and 30 years of age, was about 5 feet 4 inches tall. He had two unerupted teeth (those are teeth that hadn’t grown in yet) and numerous cavities. Several of his bones were broken but researchers believe those happened when he was unwrapped after being found.

The adult female, who stood around 4 feet 11 inches in height, passed away between 30 and 40 years of age. The female teenager was approximately 5 feet 1 inch in height and passed away when she was between 17 and 19 years old. The scan revealed that she had a benign tumor in her spine (called vertebral hemangioma) which was odd as it normally shows up in people over 40 years of age.

(Not the mummies mentioned in this article.)

The adults’ brains were not preserved and they couldn’t find any proof that they had been removed prior to their burials. On the other hand, the teenager’s brain was preserved (despite shrinking over the years) as well as her internal organs. “We are quite sure there was no removing the brain or the internal organs,” Zesch noted, adding, “It’s very probable that those mummies were only preserved because of a kind of dehydration with the use of [the desiccation mixture] natron, but there is not a huge amount of embalming liquids.” (Pictures from the scans can be seen here.)

The male (left) and female (right) mummies first found in Saqqara, Egypt in 1615.

The male (left) and female (right) mummies first found in Saqqara, Egypt in 1615.
(Image: © Zesch S, et al. PLOS One (2020); CC BY 4.0; © Sculpture Collection, Dresden State Art Collections, photos: H.-P. Klut/E. Estel)

An example of a ‘grain mummy’ (600 – 400 BC) in the form of the god Horus

An example of a ‘grain mummy’ (600 – 400 BC) in the form of the god Horus ( CC by SA 4.0 / Wolfgang Sauber )

Archaeologists from the Reiss Engelhorn Meuseu, Germany, had to use CT scans as, unlike other mummies, the bodies were coated in a hard plaster shell - not wood

Archaeologists from the Reiss Engelhorn Meuseu, Germany, had to use CT scans as, unlike other mummies, the bodies were coated in a hard plaster shell - not wood

They are the only known surviving 'stucco-shrouded portrait mummies' from Saqqara - an ancient Egyptian necropolis - and were first discovered in 1615

They are the only known surviving 'stucco-shrouded portrait mummies' from Saqqara - an ancient Egyptian necropolis - and were first discovered in 1615

Dating back to between the third and fourth century AD, researchers found they contained the remains of a teenager girl, a man in his 20s and a woman in her 30s

Dating back to between the third and fourth century AD, researchers found they contained the remains of a teenager girl, a man in his 20s and a woman in her 30s

An example of a ‘corn mummy’ in the form of the god Osiris. While the mummy looks like a small child, it is actually made with mud and grains

An example of a ‘corn mummy’ in the form of the god Osiris. While the mummy looks like a small child, it is actually made with mud and grains

( CC by SA 3.0 / Bombaladan )

A child mummy discovered in an ancient Egyptian tomb was not human.

The man died between the ages of 25 and 30, was about 5ft 4in and some of his bones were broken and jumbled - possibly due to someone trying to unwrap him

The man died between the ages of 25 and 30, was about 5ft 4in and some of his bones were broken and jumbled - possibly due to someone trying to unwrap him

At least one of the three mummies had been buried with their organs - including the brain - and both females were wearing necklaces, according to the researchers

At least one of the three mummies had been buried with their organs - including the brain - and both females were wearing necklaces, according to the researchers

The body is placed on a wooden board, covered in a shroud and then coated in plaster and gold to create a shell which is then painted to show the whole body

The body is placed on a wooden board, covered in a shroud and then coated in plaster and gold to create a shell which is then painted to show the whole body

The research was published in the journal PLOS One where it can be read in full.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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Archeologen vinden ruim honderd sarcofagen in Egypte

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Archeologen vinden ruim honderd sarcofagen in Egypte

Archeologen hebben in de necropolis Sakkara ten zuiden van de Egyptische hoofdstad Caïro ruim honderd sarcofagen gevonden. “De sarcofagen verkeren in goede staat. Er zijn ook ruim  veertig beelden van goden en een aantal maskers gevonden", aldus minister van Oudheden en Toerisme Khaled al-Anani.

De ruim honderd houten kisten dateren van de Late Periode (722-332 voor Christus) en de daaropvolgende Ptolemeïsche Periode. De kisten zijn aangetroffen op 12 meter diepte. Archeologen troffen in een van de sarcofagen ook een mummie aan.

Sakkara ligt ongeveer 30 kilometer ten zuiden van Caïro. Aan de horizon ligt de bekende trappiramide van farao Djoser (ongeveer 2650 voor Christus). De woestijn bij het dorp werd duizenden jaren lang gebruikt als begraafplaats voor belangrijke personen in het oude Egypte.

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© AFP

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The Dulce Secrets! Shocking ET Underground Bases

The Dulce Secrets! Shocking ET Underground Bases

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COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show -  Author Richard Sauder returned to discuss the latest evidence of underground bases and tunnels. During the first two segments he was joined by the Director of Astrosciences Research Network, Bill Hamilton, who became interested in underground bases as part of his research into UFOs.

Given maps by John Lear, Hamilton said he checked out Dulce, NM to see if he could find any evidence for an underground base that was allegedly jointly operated by aliens and the US military. A security guard named “Thomas” said he escaped from Dulce’s cylindrical base that extended down seven levels, but was not able to provide any proof, reported Hamilton, who added that the area is also known for anomalies such as orbs, UFOs, and animal mutilations. 

 

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3.7 Mile Long UFO Orbiting Saturn, Lets Contact It! Photos, UFO Sighting News.

3.7 Mile Long UFO Orbiting Saturn, Lets Contact It! Photos, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: Nov 13, 2020
Location of sighting: moon of Saturn
NASA Source: 
I was checking out Saturn and accident came across a moon which is not a moon, but an alien ship orbiting Saturn. Moons rotate...this does not. Moons are usually round, this is not. Moons are thousands of miles across, this is not. 
NASA says this object from end to end is 3.7 miles across or 6km. The object is 11.4 million miles from Saturn and has an orbit of 452 days. This UFO is similar to a few others that have been seen passing Earths sun. 
Now we have identified a 3.7 mile long UFO orbiting Saturn...I would assume the next step would be to try to contact it using a radio telescope and send the same message on several different methods...radio waves, micro waves, and laser. Yes all three methods have been used in the past to send messages...and the last...laser is currently being used by NASA headquarters to talk to the space station. I bet Elon Musk would have the know how to send such a message to the exact position of this alien ship. If anyone could...he's the man for that job.
 
100% proof that aliens are orbiting Saturn! 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 
 
 
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{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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Mysterious 'Dybbuk' Box from occultist Aleister Crowley co-founder of NASA's JPL opened

Mysterious 'Dybbuk' Box from occultist Aleister Crowley co-founder of NASA's JPL opened

Under the floorboards of a house in Foyers, Scotland, they have found a mysterious box that once belonged to the occultist Aleister Crowley who previously lived there. 
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According to coasttocoast, in the video of The Tin Biscuit PodCast the 'dybbuk' box is opened to reveal a doll made with human hair, coins, a dried flower, and a creepy sketch, assuming that the bizarre contents were possibly used in a ritual to summon and bind a demon. 
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Image left: Aleister Crowley.
What many people don't know is that the occultist Aleister Crowley, who founded the religion of Thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the Æon of Horus in the early 20th century, and his friend Jack Parson who was an American engineer, chemist and also a thelemite occultist, were the founders of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and the Aerojet Engineering Corporation. 
Actually, JPL stands for “Jack Parson Laboratory” named after Jack Parson but since its inception in 1958 the truth of NASA’s occult origins has been discretely hidden from public awareness and they changed the name of JPL into Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  
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UFO moving across the Golden Gate Bridge at tremendous speeds

UFO moving across the Golden Gate Bridge at tremendous speeds

After reviewing some of his drone footage from a San Francisco trip this past September, the drone owner came across an entity moving across the Golden Gate Bridge at tremendous speeds. 
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The object which has no visible source of propulsion, wings or tail moves in ways that is not physically normal. 
Besides the possibility that it is a secret military craft equipped with advanced technology unknown to the public, it is also possible that the drone owner captured a so-called "fastwalker", which is a term used by NORAD and branches of armed forces to describe unidentified aerial phenomena moving and/or changing directions at high speed far beyond what current aerospace technology is capable of. 
I hope that the cars on the bridge make it apparent just how fast this UFO is moving alongside. 
MUFON Report:

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Unknown orange lights recorded over Holbrook, New York

Unknown orange lights recorded over Holbrook, New York

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These orange lights were flying across the night sky above Holbrook in New York on 3rd October 2020.

Witness report: 

I was the witness to approximately 5 hovering, orange, orb shaped UFO;s while I was leaving my home.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Space Force Creates Orbital Warfare Unit and Has Its First Battleship

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Space Force Creates Orbital Warfare Unit and Has Its First Battleship

You knew this was coming. The U.S. Space Force’s Space Delta 9 unit has officially been given its mission — orbital warfare. As part of beefing up the Space Force’s weaponry, it has officially taken over control of the mysterious, unmanned experimental X-37B mini space shuttle that has completed a number of secret years-long orbits with undisclosed purposes – the last of which included a secret project for the Space Force. And, to unofficially join the Space Force with NASA, Air Force Col. Michael “Hopper” Hopkins, the commander of NASA’s upcoming SpaceX Crew-1 mission to the International Space Station, will be commissioned into the U.S. Space Force while onboard the ISS. Is this progress, readiness or the initial steps towards orbital warfare?

X-37B

“Delta 9 consists of three active duty squadrons headquartered at Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado: 1st and 3rd Space Operations Squadrons, 750th Operations Support Squadron, and one operational Detachment. The mission of Delta 9 is to prepare, present, and project assigned and attached forces for the purpose of conducting protect and defend operations and providing national decision authorities with response options to deter and, when necessary, defeat orbital threats. Additionally, Delta 9 supports Space Domain Awareness by conducting space-based battlespace characterization operations and also conducts on-orbit experimentation and technology demonstrations for the U.S. Space Force.”

“The 750th Operations Support Squadron ensures the combat readiness of Delta 9 by building, developing, and equipping space professionals for orbital warfare. The squadron is responsible for training, intelligence, weapons and tactics, and other operational support necessary to enable Delta 9 to conduct its on-orbit protect and defend mission across the spectrum of conflict.”

The Delta 9 website was updated recently to reflect its expanded mission for orbital warfare – an “on orbit protect and defend mission.” To be “on orbit” requires an orbiting spacecraft, and the Air Force has at least on of those that we know of – the X-37B space plane. Built by Boeing for the Air Force, it’s launched from Cape Canaveral and lands at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, with Edwards Air Force Base as a backup. Other than that, little is known about its missions, which have lasted from 224 days to 779 days. And now it has its first orbiting warship, which The Drive reports may be used to “carry, or at least be used to test, space-based weapons, including directed energy systems, such as laser or high-power microwaves.”

Modified X-37B?

“If all goes well, we’re looking to swear him into the Space Force from the International Space Station.”

Gen. John “Jay” Raymond, chief of space operations of the U.S. Space Force, announced that Col. Hopkins will become the first NASA astronaut to serve in the Space Force. Col. Catie Hague, a spokesperson for the chief of space operations, described to SpaceNews that the transfer on the ISS to SpaceNews will be “a way to spotlight the decades-long partnership between DoD and NASA.” Well, the military has long provided pilots and personnel to NASA, so it’s about time for some moves in the opposite direction. And, with the expansion of Space Force duties to include “orbital warfare,” this is probably regarded as a promotion for Col. Hopkins. Is it possible that he’s being groomed as the first commander of the first manned mission on the X-37B?

If you’re into interesting coincidences, here’s one – Col. Hopkins’ previous trip to the ISS was as part of Expedition 37 and now he’s part of the Space Force, whose space plane is X-37B. Just a lighthearted ending to the heavy news that “orbital warfare” preparations are underway.

It’s not specifically a TIE fighter or X-Wing from the “Star Wars” series, but The Drive reported last week that Trump’s recently created Space Force is now in charge of the experimental X-37B spacecraft. A craft that was prior in the ownership of the Air Force, which should turn many heads.

The unit is also precariously known as Delta 9, according to the service. Military.com reports:

Space Operations Command was activated last month during a ceremony at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. Under the field commands are deltas and squadrons, according to the Space Force’s command hierarchy.

Delta 9’s Detachment 1 “oversees operations of the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle, an experimental program designed to demonstrate technologies for a reliable, reusable, unmanned space test platform for the U.S. Space Force,” according to the unit’s fact sheet.

Delta 9 consists of three active-duty squadrons headquartered at Schriever Air Force Base, Colorado: 1st Space Operations Squadron, 3rd Space Operations Squadron and 750th Operations Support Squadron, along with Detachment 1. The three squadrons conduct “protect-and-defend operations from space and provide response options to deter and defeat adversary threats in space,” according to the chart.

It’s in this Delta group that the X-37B will be used, for what purpose exactly is unknown. But, according to the document, it states that Delta 9 will be responsible for “Orbital Warfare.” TMU previously reported that Johns Hopkins University political scientist Daniel Deudney warned that “space could end up controlled by a totalitarian empire.”

Nations including China and Russia are already beginning to weaponize space with energy weapons and anti-satellite missiles. That’s according to the Pentagon last year in a report in CNBC.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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An Alien Encounter, an Underground UFO Base, and a Mysterious Mountain in Puerto Rico

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An Alien Encounter, an Underground UFO Base, and a Mysterious Mountain in Puerto Rico

There have always been places in this world that manage to attract stories of the odd. They exist almost in their own sort of mysterious realm, a sort of parallel dimension that manages to simultaneously be of our world and beyond it. One such place must surely be a mountain out in the wilds of Puerto Rico, which has managed to not only become a hotspot of UFO activity, but also has stories of underground alien bases, government cover-ups, and one of the weirdest alien encounter reports on record.

It was a hot summer night in July of 1988 in the rural area of Betances, Puerto Rico, so hot in fact that Carlos Manuel Mercado could not sleep. He woke from his bed, where his wife was sleeping soundly beside him, and went to sleep on a sofa in another room in an effort to cool off. He lay down, and as he stared at the ceiling trying to decide if the heat was more bearable there or not, his thoughts were interrupted by a whitish glow that came in from outside to seep in through the blinds and frost the room with an eerie illumination. This glow was soon joined by a strange humming sound, followed by a mechanical tapping against the window, and it was enough to get him up off the sofa to go take a look outside. He had no idea at the time that his look out that window was about to change his life forever. He would tell of what he saw out that window to Jorge Martín, Editor of Evidencia OVNI (Puerto Rico):

I got up and opened the window, and there they were – three little fellows standing there under the window, on the sun-lounge of my house. It shook me. Because they were so different – they looked a bit like us. But they weren’t human. They were little chaps, as I say, and ugly, with heads a bit bigger than ours, and no hair. They had no ears, and their eyes were huge, dark. I could see no noses on them – just little holes. And a little slash for a mouth. Their faces looked flattened. Their skin was sort of greyish, and their faces and hands covered with little bumps or lumps. You know how acne looks? Well – it was like that. Ugly they were. They were about three to four feet high (a bit over one meter) and they were thin, and dressed in overalls like mechanics wear, from top to toe, of a sort of greyish-creamy looking color, a sort of sandy shade. Only their heads and hands were not covered by the clothing. At first I felt scared, but they told me not to be afraid, that they weren’t going to hurt me, and only wanted to show me something. And they told me this, as it were in my mind, because they didn’t open their mouths even once. When they told me that, my fear left me. I didn’t know why really, but I had the feeling that they were good, and that they weren’t going to do me any harm. “They asked me to come out, so I opened the door and went out.

Once he stepped outside into the bright illumination, and he explains that two of the creatures took him gently by the arms and led him up the road a short distance. That was when he finally saw the source of the light up close, which he describes as saucer shaped with a domed top, a multitude of blinking multi-colored lights around its rim, and the whole of it resting upon four metallic legs beneath it. He then noticed a hole in the bottom of it, from which there extended a ladder that led within to the unknown. At this point, Mercado felt some hesitation but no fear, and willingly ascended the ladder at the request of the odd beings. Once inside he would see that it was lit up with all manner of blinking panels and displays, and the two creatures then introduced him to their captain. Mercado would say of this:

I went up it with them and we arrived on top inside where the big windows were. There was lots of machinery there, and sort of panels, controls, little lights and some other little chaps working the controls. And also one other – who was different. They explained to me that this one – the different one – was their captain and doctor, and that from then on he would take over with me. And so they went off to do other things. Well, as you could imagine, the truth is that I felt better with him – because he looked more like us, less coarse, and smoother. His skin color was the same as theirs – greyish – his head a bit bigger than theirs, but his eyes not so big. And he had a nose like us, but pointed, and the surface of his skin was not like the skin of the little fellows with those awful lumps. He was dressed in a broad white tunic right up to his neck, and broad sleeves down to his wrists. The tunic reached down to his feet and he seemed to have something white on the feet.

This leader told Mercado telepathically that he had something to show him, and that he shouldn’t feel afraid as they were going to bring him back safely. The ship then began moving at great speed as the whole interior of the craft reverberated with a loud droning hum like thousands of bees. Looking out through one of the side windows, Mercado could see the landscape speeding past and he could tell that they were headed toward the Sierra Bermeja Mountain Range, in particular one peak called Monte El Cayúl. The craft was hurtling towards a ravine and sheer rock face at dangerously high speeds, but just as the startled Mercado thought they were going to plow right into the mountain, a sort of doorway opened up in the rock and they sped right on through to enter a tunnel. The craft seemed to be flying deep down into the mountain, and after some time flew out into a vast cavern, where numerous other alien craft of various shapes and sizes were parked or buzzing about. As the craft came in to land on a raised platform, Mercado could see many more of the same humanoid beings engaged in all manner of activities.

The whole place was a hive of activity and he got the impression that this was some sort of base for them, and the aliens he was with confirmed this, telling him that it was a facility for repairing their craft and as a base of operations from which to go forth and study Earth life. The leader then invited Mercado to step off the ship and come with him for a sort of tour, during which time the being explained the purpose of their base and mission there. Mercado would tell Martín of this:

The tall being told me to come out with him and he made me put on a sort of big, like enormous dark spectacles so that I could see everything down there clearly. It was all very well lit down there. You couldn’t see where the light was coming from, but it was a very brilliant light, very white. All the walls there were covered with a very shiny silvery metal. And lots and lots of the little chaps were there, and an enormous lot of activity. Many of the little men were working on the ships, and others seemed to be preparing things, like machinery or electronic stuff. That was a vast world down there. There were buildings there like military barracks. The tall being explained to me, mentally (for he too didn’t talk with the mouth) that they have been down there for a long, long time. He said they don’t want to leave there. He said that there, beneath the Sierra Bermeja, they have the Base for the maintenance of their craft. That approximately is what he said. He said they wanted me to see all that, because they wanted me to tell the folk here (us terrestrials) that they don’t have any bad intentions, and don’t want to do us any harm or conquer us. He said that what they want is to be able to sort of inter-relate with us totally, at the social level, mingle with us, but that our Authorities don’t want that. He insisted that I should tell the people outside all this, that they don’t want to conquer us or do us any harm.

The being also told him that there had been others who had been told the same message, and that there were even some humans who had chosen to stay there with them down there under the earth. He told Mercado that he should go off and tell the story and let people know what he had learned there that day, and after that took him back through the mountain to drop him off exactly where they had picked him up. Before leaving, the creatures told him that they would come back to see him some day, and then they left. Yet, although Mercado had been instructed to spread his story far and wide, he would at first keep quiet about his experience, and it was only another bizarre encounter that would convince him to finally come forward.

In December of that same year, Mercado claimed that he had been out at the Sierra Bermeja Range along with his friend, Wilson Soza, when they spotted an enormous brightly illuminated triangular craft flying across the sky. Even odder than this, they would claim that this “triangle” was being pursued by two military jets. These jets allegedly flew right at the craft until at some point they seemed to disappear within in, with the sound of their whining engines abruptly vanishing and cutting out as they did. The UFO then flew along until it came to a lake called Laguna Cartagena, where it then supposedly exploded in a spectacular ball of fire and falling debris, after which two smaller objects seemed to fly off away from it. The incident left Mercado shaken, he was immediately reminded of his bizarre alien encounter in the same area, and after witnessing all of this he decided to come forward with his story to Jorge Martín, who happened to have been in the area investigating numerous other UFO sightings going on in the same region at the time. Mercado would tell him:

You investigators know that we have experienced very strange things here. I seek no publicity. I just tell you this because I know that you are a sensible and serious person and will listen to me. You know, I’m still waiting for them, because I like what happened. In my opinion they aren’t bad. I could feel it. If they had wanted to do me harm they could have done it when they took me. I’d like them to come back, so that I could go with them again. They aren’t bad people. I’m telling you all this because, when that UFO took those two aeroplanes, I was very nervous, because the aeroplanes were harassing it, it carried them off. That has left me very worried, because I have the feeling that those beings are good, and it looks as though somebody wants to get them out of there. There’s something going on there!

Martín didn’t seem to be all that surprised in the least. Throughout that year he had been investigating numerous UFO sightings reports in the mountains made by very reliable witnesses, and was accustomed to the weirdness the location could produce. One very frequent type of report was of locals seeing crafts of various shapes and sizes hovering or circling over the Cayúl Peak, and the researcher had also uncovered other tales of something very odd going on up there in those mountains, as well as signs of mysterious underground alien bases and of some sort of bizarre conspiracy involving a mysterious facility built there by the military right where the UFO sightings were most frequent. Martín has said of this enigmatic facility and its possible relation to the UFO activity:

On top of a peak lying to the right of the Cayúl Peak (i.e. as seen from the direction of Cabo Rojo), there were erected, about seven years ago, some facilities said to be for a station of the Voice of America Radio. The area around it was declared a restricted area, the excuse being that this was on the general grounds of security and nobody living in the region was permitted to approach the place. However, so far as we know until now, no transmissions from that alleged Station have ever gone out. So why, then, was the building erected there? If it is not being used for the function for which it was allegedly built, what then is its true role? At times unidentified individuals have been seen visiting there. Who are they, and what are these people doing? On many occasions the residents of Boquerón, Las Palmas, and Betances (all in Cabo Rojo Municipal Region) and of Olivares (in Lajas Municipality) have observed large UFOs of different shapes (triangles, discs, cigars, etc.) hanging stationary over the Cayúl Peak and over the mountain where the building of the alleged Voice of America Station is located. What are the UFOs looking for so persistently up there?

What was going on out at this mountain and is it still going on today? What happened to Mercado on those occasions when he had his brush with the unexplained? Is there an alien UFO base tucked away in a subterranean cavern in Puerto Rico and perhaps other places around the world? These are questions we will probably never be able to answer, but Mercado and Martín have both stood by the veracity of the story, and the area has accrued all kinds of weirdness over the years. Whether any of this is real or not, it is certainly an area steeped in strangeness, and it is hard not to look out over those peaks and wonder what if.

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Gigantic Obelisk in Antarctica, Ancient, Advanced Civilization Under Ice Discovered, Latest Leak Project

Gigantic Obelisk in Antarctica, Ancient, Advanced Civilization Under Ice Discovered, Latest Leak Project

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Gigantic Obelisk in Antarctica, Ancient, Advanced Civilization Under Ice Discovered, Latest

Obelisk in Antarctica? Advanced & Ancient Civilization Under the Ice? Look at the data and decide for yourself.

Hey Florida Marquis has everything you’re looking for. He’s been doing this for years giants,obelisks,birds and dinosaurs and he gives you the locations oh, and giant skulls. MS

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

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UFO Fleet Seen Over Dallas, Texas Nov 11, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

UFO Fleet Seen Over Dallas, Texas Nov 11, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Nov 11, 2020
Location of sighting: Dallas, Texas, USA
Source: 
Wow! Watching this video I quickly realize that these objects are 100% intelligently controlled. They fly in formations...first a diamond, then a triangle, then a straight line. Its clear to me that they are watching out for each other and that they really are alien craft. Many species of aliens prefer the hot dry locations of the lower states and Texas has that. Absolutely 100% alien. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 
News states: 
Multiple witnesses reported seeing strange lights in the sky over Dallas recently. In the video, which was posted yesterday (November 11), we see four mysterious lights come together to make a diamond-shaped formation and then move into a straight line before disappearing behind some trees. We then see two more lights emerge in a line from behind another set of trees. According to the video’s description, the lights were witnessed by people in an 80-mile radius. The video was filmed by Javier Estrada III, who said he’s convinced what he saw was extraterrestrial.
 
 

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UFO Seen Behind Space Shuttle Atlantis In 1990 As It Deploys Magellan, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

UFO Seen Behind Space Shuttle Atlantis In 1990 As It Deploys Magellan, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: Nov 12, 2020
Location of discovery: Earths orbit
Source photo: 
Back in 1990 the Magellan spacecraft was being deployed from the space shuttle Atlantis when this strange UFO appeared. The UFO is has gone overlooked for years, but its still there in the Wiki site. However when I went to the NASA site, the NASA source was changed and over exposed with contrast and light so the image was unclear, no UFO could be seen in that one. However this image on Wiki is still up and the UFO is like none ever seen before. It has a greenish head and a pinkish green body behind it. 100% proof that aliens are watching humanities every move in space. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
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Ancient Alien City On Mars Polar Region, 100% Proof Of Life Now! NASA Source, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Ancient Alien City On Mars Polar Region, 100% Proof Of Life Now! NASA Source, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: Nov 12, 2020
Location of discovery: Mars Polar Region
Source photo: 
Hey guys, I was looking through some Mars photos and something unique caught my eye. There are many black structures in the polar region of Mars. The structures are black, non reflective coating...like a stealth fighter jet has. The structures are biomechanical...meaning they were grown...because aliens are exceptionally intelligent and have better things to do with their time...or in other words, incredibly lazy for manual labor. The structures if found on Earth would instantly be announced as ancient ruins of a city of long long ago. However due to it being discovered on Mars...archeologist and most scientist fear ridicule from their peers...a feel a dependency of others acceptance to fit in to how others see the world...rather than value ones own opinion. That happens in science. This is clearly an ancient alien city...but is it still active? Probably, all Russian Mars probes have been destroyed within a few seconds for one and a few hours for another. Yeah...aliens still live on Mars. Still want to go on Elon Musks spaceship to salvation? Only go if you are comfortable with other cultures doing things so different, you might even say its backwards ways of thinking. It's not Star Trek out there people. It's real life. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

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UFO Seen Over Power Lines At British Colombia On Nov 9, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

UFO Seen Over Power Lines At British Colombia On Nov 9, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting:
 Nov 9, 2020
Location of sighting: 2nd Street N, Cranbrook, British Colombia, Canada
 
Night sightings are always difficult to determine what they are, because of the low light situations and lack of detail. Here we have such an instance, but the craft moves in straight lines, mostly up and down and glows. The object does fly near the power lines and there have been numerous past UFO reports about UFOs seen near power lines. So this might be such an instance where the alien craft is sucking information from the phone lines. With internet and calls, much info shoots through those lines every second. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 
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Drone Records UFO Shooting From forest floor through trees and beyond. Nov 10, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Drone Records UFO Shooting From forest floor through trees and beyond. Nov 10, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Nov 10, 2020
Location of sighting: Anutt, Missouri, USA
 
A woman in Missouri was using a drone to record video of the forest when something usual happened. A white object suddenly few out of the forest floor through the trees and straight up out of view. The object was white, when focused, it resembles no living creature known. Also the speed of this object was absolutely fast. It's just way too fast for a bird, insect or any known animals. It flew straight upward, as if it were an alien craft trying to high tail it out of there before it was seen. Lucky for us, the drone was recording video at the time. The way I see it is...UFO means unidentified flying object...and this certainly is unidentified...flying and some kind of object. Case closed...its a UFO. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
 
Eyewitness states: 
UFO filmed during drone flight taken using a DJI Mavic Air 2 Drone. The object starts from the bottom center near the start and is very small because it appears to be near the ground, but gets larger the closer it gets to the drone. The drone was within line-of-sight and was about 390-feet above the ground from the takeoff point. The object can be seen close to the ground and then flies almost straight up. The speed of the object is calculated to be around 53.2-mph. The video was filmed in 4K HDR mode.

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UFO Fastwalker takes off filmed during drone flight

UFO Fastwalker takes off filmed during drone flight

On November 10, 2020, a UFO Fastwalker has been filmed during a drone flight over Missouri, using a DJI Mavic Air 2 Drone. 
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The object starts from the bottom center near the start and is very small because it appears to be near the ground, but gets larger the closer it gets to the drone. 
The drone was within line-of-sight and was about 390-feet above the ground from the takeoff point. 
The object can be seen close to the ground and then flies almost straight up. The speed of the object is calculated to be around 53.2-mph. The video was filmed in 4K HDR mode.
RELATED VIDEOS about FASTWALKERS, selected and posted by  peter2011

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Orbs Chasing a UFO Recorded in Japan

Orbs Chasing a UFO Recorded in Japan

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A man claims to have caught a video of orbs chasing a UFO in the skies above Japan. The alleged UFO in the video cruises through the skies near a Japanese volcano.

In the clip, shot at Kagoshima City, a large bright object appears in the dark sky above the urban area with the Sakurajima volcano behind.

When the object zips from the right to the left of the frame, a group of bright orbs in a triangle formation appears to follow the UFO path.

The man, known only as Chris M, submitted his footage to the popular conspiracy theory YouTube channel The Hidden Underbelly 2.0.

In the video caption, it is revealed that these objects were noticed by the viewers of the live stream that’s intended to monitor the Sakurajima volcano activity.

One believer commented that it’s a fantastic capture of one large UFO followed by a smaller group.

A second one joked that a mother ship was trying to fly away from her baby ships.

Another fan wrote that there are always activities involving UFOs near volcanos, such as the one in Mexico.

Another viewer speculated that it might be advanced technology.

Some viewers believed that those UFOs and orbs were just drones or reflections.

Don’t forget to follow us on Youtube for the latest UFO videos.

Link: youtube.com/c/LUFOS-UFO

RELATED VIDEO, selected and posted by peter2011

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Microbe 'biominers' could help humanity build settlements on other worlds

Microbe 'biominers' could help humanity build settlements on other worlds

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Scientists discover huge fossil lake under Greenland

Scientists discover huge fossil lake under Greenland

The lake bed could be millions of years old, formed at a time when Greenland was still green.

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Scientists spot a 'kilonova' flash so bright they can barely explain it

Scientists spot a 'kilonova' flash so bright they can barely explain it

Scientists may have caught the blinding flash of two dense neutron stars colliding to form a strange magnetic star.

The first sign of the massive event was a gamma-ray beacon that appeared in telescope data on May 22, prompting astronomers to assemble their best instruments. That response was important: Scientists believe gamma-ray bursts usually stem from neutron stars colliding so they are eager to see as many views of such fireworks as possible. But as observations came in, researchers realized there was something strange going on: The flash included far more infrared light than predicted, 10 times more. The scientists behind the new research think that discrepancy may mean the crash produced something unexpected.

"These observations do not fit traditional explanations for short gamma-ray bursts," Wen-fai Fong, an astronomer at Northwestern University in Illinois and lead author on the new research, said in a statement. "Given what we know about the radio and X-rays from this blast, it just doesn't match up."

An artist's depiction of a brief gamma-ray burst that was 10 times brighter than the next brightest such event.of a brief gamma-ray burst that was 10 times brighter than the next brightest such event.

An artist's depiction of a brief gamma-ray burst that was 10 times brighter than the next brightest such event.of a brief gamma-ray burst that was 10 times brighter than the next brightest such event.  (Image credit: D. Player/STScI/NASA/ESA)

Astronomers used a host of facilities to study the event, including NASA's Swift Observatory in space, the Very Large Array in New Mexico and the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, but it was the Hubble Space Telescope that spotted the extremely bright infrared radiation from the burst that told scientists something particularly strange was going on.

"The Hubble observations were designed to search for infrared emission that results from the creation of heavy elements — like gold, platinum, and uranium — during a neutron-star collision," Edo Berger, an astronomer at the Center for Astronomy jointly run by Harvard University and the Smithsonian Institution and co-author on the new research, said in the statement. Neutron stars are the superdense remains of exploded stars and the bright afterglow from a collision of two such objects is called a kilonova.

"Surprisingly, we found much brighter infrared emission than we ever expected, suggesting that there was additional energy input from a magnetar that was the remnant of the merger," Berger said. "The fact that we see this infrared emission, and that it is so bright shows that short gamma-ray bursts indeed form from neutron star collisions, but surprisingly the aftermath of the collision may not be a black hole, but rather likely a magnetar."

A magnetar is a cosmic curiosity, an unusual class of supermagnetic neutron stars. But scientists have long wondered how magnetars become so magnetic, so observing a possible formation event is particularly valuable for scientists.

"We know that magnetars exist because we see them in our galaxy," Fong said in a second statement. "We think most of them are formed in the explosive deaths of massive stars, leaving these highly magnetized neutron stars behind. However, it is possible that a small fraction form in neutron star mergers. We have never seen evidence of that before, let alone in infrared light, making this discovery special."

And this time, researchers were able to catch an early enough view of the blast to catch the fading infrared peak in all its glory.

"Amazingly, Hubble was able to take an image only three days after the burst," Fong said. "You need another observation to prove that there is a fading counterpart associated with the merger, as opposed to a static source. When Hubble looked again at 16 days and 55 days, we knew we had not only nabbed the fading source, but that we had also discovered something very unusual."

The research is described in a paper announced for publication in The Astrophysical Journal today (Nov. 12) and available to read on the preprint server arXiv.org.

Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels.

Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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UFOs, Human Souls and Alien Abductions – and a New Book

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UFOs, Human Souls and Alien Abductions – and a New Book

Available right now is the new book from Raymond Fowler, a well-respected and long-time Ufologist. The title of Ray’s new book: UFOs: The Ultimate Abduction. I haven’t read the book yet, but I will soon – and I’ll definitely be reviewing it right here at Mysterious Universe. In the meantime, however, at Amazon there is some fascinating information on the book that is provided by Ray himself. It begins as follows: “This book addresses and answers a rampant question within UFOlogy, whether UFOS are physical or psychic in nature. In my early days as a UFO investigator I would throw UFO reports that contained paranormal phenomena in the proverbial wastebasket. My position, etched in the halls of Congress, was that UFOS were machine-like physical craft from another star system. However, as time went by, I watched in dismay as several respected UFO researchers moved from a physical to a psychic interpretation of the UFO phenomenon. Little did I know then that my own view would also slowly but surely be honed to accommodate ever deeper levels of the psychic components triggered by the UFO experience.”

The information continues: “Stringed to together by amazing synchronicities, I became obsessed, one after the other with UFO Abductions, Out-of-the-body experiences, Near Death Experiences, After Death Communications, Quantum Physics, and the Time Slip Phenomenon. Studies of these phenomena led me to the startling conclusion that they, and UFOS, are interconnected and all part of one encompassing metaphenomenon. I concluded that UFOS originate from the dimension NDErs describe and that we are transitory citizens of that world of Light who shuffle back and forth between a particle dimension and a wave (light) dimension through reincarnation.”

And, finally, we have this from Ray: “The UFO abductions reflect UFO entities monitoring and caring for the human particle form in preparation for their metamorphosizing by OBES into a new body of light in the afterlife dimension. The robed human-appearing entities that greed NDErs at the world of light appear to be controlling this process and to be genetically related to humans. PLES on the other hand reflect physical humans returning and repeating this process by reincarnation as part of a natural constant inter-balanced exchange between matter and energy – between particle and wave. Inconceivable as this might be to the reader, the final analysis reached by the author is that UFOS represent a final abduction for one’s current life and that we are property!”

Although Ray uses the word “property,” it’s important to note it’s not meant in a negative or a frightening fashion. It should be noted, however, that not everyone is of that opinion. Some are absolutely terrified. It’s a fact that over the years there has been a growing interest in the issue of the “Grey” aliens of Ufology and their alleged connections to the afterlife. Indeed, this subject turned up extensively in my 2010 book, Final Events, albeit from a perspective very different to that of Ray. My book is a study of the research and investigations of a small think-tank-type group that nicknamed themselves the “Collins Elite.” It’s the belief of the group that far from being extraterrestrial in origin, our purported alien visitors are, in reality, deceptive demons and fallen-angels; the minions of Satan, who are paving the way for Armageddon, Judgment Day, and the reaping and enslavement of our very souls. It’s important to note that I do not personally adhere to any of the beliefs of the Collins Elite, as I have consistently noted in just about every interview I did for the book. I wrote the book because I found it fascinating that there was (and still is) a group in the U.S. government that fully believes the UFO issue is demonic.

The group’s opinion is that aliens have never visited us. Rather, they termed them our visitors as “Non-Human Entities.” It was a term that, for the group, equated with “demon.” That’s right: the Collins Elite believes the UFO phenomenon has demonic origins. Not only that, they suspect the NDEs “ingest” the human soul when we die. In other words, and from the C.E. perspective, the soul is a form of “food” for the NDEs. A grim situation, to be sure. And, it’s a scenario not too dissimilar to that in the Matrix movies. In the movies, it’s our electricity the machines want. For the NHEs, it’s the soul. Of course, it should be remembered these are simply the beliefs of the Collins Elite. Even the members of the group admitted their theory was just that: a theory. One final thing: even the controversial Bob Lazar talked about this, and long before the Collins Elite were being discussed.

It’s a fact that most people who have studied the claims of Bob Lazar focus their attentions on what he had to say about UFOs allegedly secretly held deep in the Nevada desert. There is one issue which doesn’t get the attention that it really should. It’s a part of Lazar’s story that takes things down a path that is filled with disturbing revelations involving the afterlife. One of the many briefing papers that Lazar said he read at Area 51’s S-4 facility stated that the aliens refer to us, the human race, as what we would call “Containers.” But, containers of what? Well, that’s where things get really controversial. Back in the late 1980s, Lazar told KLAS-TV’s George Knapp that based on what he, Lazar, read in those papers “…religion was created so we have some rules and regulations for the sole purpose of not damaging the containers.”

There followed an awkward conversation which saw Knapp pressing for answers, and Lazar almost squirming because of the nightmarish nature of the story. That’s hardly surprising, because the claimed big secret is that the aliens have an interest in the human soul. Worse, though, they allegedly use the soul in a way that the U.S. Government doesn’t fully understand. Or, that the government does know, but doesn’t know how to tell the world the awful truth. George Knapp was not the only person who Bob Lazar spoke to on this issue of containers. Michael Lindemann is the author of a 1995 book, UFOs and the Alien Presence: Six Viewpoints. He also questioned Lazar on this controversy-dominated aspect of the story of Lazar and Area 51. Lazar added a bit more to the story, when speaking with Lindemann, as the latter acknowledged in his book. He noted that Lazar said the containers were “extremely, extremely unique,” that they were “very difficult to find,” and that the biggest UFO-themed secret of all revolved around our souls.

With that all said, I look forward to reading and reviewing Ray Fowler’s new book very soon.

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Totally Bizarre Accounts of Secret Alien Hybrid Programs

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Totally Bizarre Accounts of Secret Alien Hybrid Programs

In the world of aliens and UFOs there have been some often very bizarre and sometimes downright bonkers ideas and theories thrown about. A lot of this stuff challenges the limits of what we know and indeed stretches believability to the max, and some of these corners of the field are much weirder than others. One idea that is talked about in the fringes is that of alien hybrids, or basically extraterrestrials mixing their own DNA with that of humans for a plethora of proposed reasons that stretches well out of the confines of the scope of this article. The main thing is that there is the belief held by a good number of people that alleged aliens are doing this, and to many even within the field of ufology it might all sound pretty out there, absurd even. Nevertheless, there have been numerous accounts of such things going on in the shadows, and perhaps the wildest of these are those reports from those who claim to have been actually involved in such programs. Hold on to your hats, because we are going for a ride into the weird world of people who claim to be part of alien hybrid programs, or even say they are hybrids themselves.

One of the most bonkers cases having to do with these supposed alien hybrid programs is the tale told by a woman from Apache Junction, Arizona, by the name of Cynthia Crawford. She claims that there was always something different about her since birth, born a fraternal twin, yet oddly missing an amniotic sac when brought into the world, something she says the doctors had no record of ever happening before. She was also found to have unusually porous bones, and throughout her life she had frequent health problems that her sister never experienced. She also had various purported psychic powers, and on top of this she had many frequent nightmares of being abducted by aliens, which she often suspected were fragments of real memories that had been suppressed in her mind and were bubbling up to the surface. It would not be until she was in her 30s that she says her father would apparently come forward with the truth about her bizarre heritage and the likely answer behind her physical issues and nightmares.

You see, according to her, she is the result of an elaborate, secret experiment to mix alien and human DNA in order to create a hybrid. In fact, she says she has within her the DNA of not one alien race, but two in her genetic makeup. Her father allegedly told her that she had been created in a petri dish and placed within her mother’s womb, and it was for this reason that she was apparently abducted throughout her childhood in order for them to study her progress. She was also purportedly often whisked away by the government as a young child to a top secret facility, where they would also do medical tests on her and poke, prod, and examine her. She says of all of this:

I came from a government experiment. My father told me about it. He had operated with the government in Korea and experimented with alien devices found in their crashed ships. My mom was drugged as part of a program and impregnated with me. For that reason, my DNA is only 34 per cent human and I’ve got very porous bones, which are typical of my alien family. There are many races — Zuma Zeta, Tall White Zeta and Blue Archturian. I love them all. I channel their energies into my sculptures.

Indeed, Crawford became well-known for these mysterious sculptures, as well as for her talks at numerous UFO conferences about her experiences. Rather tragically, Crawford passed away in 2017 from a brain tumor, so any truth her story may hold she took to the grave with her. Speaking of secret alien hybrid experiments, another similar case that has made the rounds is that of Eddie Page, who was born as Tommy Coleman Jr. in Florida. He was adopted at a young age, and went on to have a life full of various strangeness. It began with numerous sightings of a “boomerang shaped” UFO he had in his youth, but things would get more colorful upon joining the U.S. Marines, being shipped off to the Vietnam War in 1972 as a part of what he calls an “special Elite secret service group” on a mission to assassinate the Vietnam Premiere.

According to Page, something went horribly wrong, and he was engaged by the enemy and then blacked out. When he awoke what he thought to be a few minutes later, he was in in a rice field wearing a new green uniform and without any of his weapons or equipment. As he stood there wondering what had happened, he says he was approached by military helicopters, captured, and interrogated. It would turn out that the rice field was over 500 miles away from where he had blacked out, and that a full 11 days had passed, time he had no memory of. The military also informed him that he had unusual organs and an anomalous blood type, and Page claims that they had stamped his medical records with “Not of Human Origin.” He would eventually be released and allowed to return to normal civilian life, never being told why he had ended up in that rice field or what had happened during that missing 11 days. Pretty weird stuff, but it gets even weirder.

Years later after being constantly haunted by this past, Page would undergo hypnotic regression to try and recover what had happened during those missing 11 days, and would find that his mission had failed, all of his unit had been killed, and he had been abducted by aliens from the Pleiadian star system, who had swooped in to save him from certain death. Why had they done this, you ask? Why, because he was part of their hybrid program, which was being carried out with the cooperation of the U.S. government. According to Page, he learned that he was one of 32 clones who were part of the experiment, consisting of 21 females and 11 males, of which only 8 had survived into adulthood, making him one of the last. He says that he would be constantly harassed by unidentified agents from then on out, and that he has the medical documentation to prove his story. Is this guy for real? Who knows?

In 2016 we also have the story of a group of women who claim that they are the mothers of alien hybrids spawned through such programs. Bridget Nielson and Aluna Verse both claim that they were abducted by aliens on numerous occasions and forced to conceive hybrid babies as part of a top-secret program, with Brigette alone claiming to have had 10 such offspring. The women have said that these children live with their alien fathers aboard massive motherships in space, and that they have regular contact with them. They also claim that there are many other women out there who have had such children and aren’t even aware of it, as it all happened in a type of dream state. These two women have both claimed that the fathers are of the reptilian variety of alien, and that their children display reptilian features and big, black eyes. Alright, then. Interestingly, such outlandish cases have been written of by author Jujuolui Kuita, who also wrote the book We Are Among You Already, and just so happens to be a self-proclaimed alien hybrid. Kuita’s story is perhaps even more off-the-wall than Crawford’s, and she told one reporter at a UFO conference:

My planet is Faqui in the Andromeda galaxy. Since birth I’ve known I was from another place. I felt isolated and different, that this wasn’t my home. I am half reptilian and can shape-shift into another species called Fajan. It’s scary when it happens in public. Although other people don’t necessarily notice because it happens at a higher frequency than they can see.

It might be easy for people to laugh and snicker at such reports, easy to judge these as the tales one finds in tabloids at the checkout counter, to be scoffed at and shunned, and indeed perhaps they are nothing but the product of troubled minds and the imagination. Yet such reports skirt about on the periphery of the UFO field and have increasingly attracted a sizeable number of those who would entertain such thoughts. Can it all be laughed off and brushed aside or is there anything we can learn from such accounts, some light that can be shed on the corners of the alien phenomenon as a whole? Are these just tall tales and fodder for ridicule or do they hold something for us to learn or ponder? It is hard to say, but no matter what one may personally think, cases like this do pop up from time to time, and are a peek into the wilder side of supposed alien interactions with humans, whether real or imagined.

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2-Million-Year-Old Skull Belonged To Distant Human Cousin

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2-Million-Year-Old Skull Belonged To Distant Human Cousin

A 2-million-year-old skull that belonged to a distant human cousin named Paranthropus robustus was unearthed during an archaeological dig at the Drimolen cave system located close to Johannesburg, South Africa.

According to researchers from La Trobe University in Australia, the nearly-complete skull (which they labelled DNH 155) of the large-toothed, small-brained male hominin is the best preserved and earliest remains ever found of our distant cousin. Even though the skull is now put together, when it was first discovered, there were hundreds of small individual bones. (Pictures of the skull can be seen here.)

An ancient skull pieced together by paleoanthropologists
Paranthropus robustus had relatively large teeth and a small brain.
(Supplied)

Palaeoanthropologist Angeline Leece noted that Paranthropus robustus lived around the same time as Homo erectus. “But these two vastly different species — Homo erectus with their relatively large brains and small teeth, and Paranthropus robustus with their relatively large teeth and small brains — represent divergent evolutionary experiments,” she explained, adding, “While we were the lineage that won out in the end, two million years ago the fossil record suggests that Paranthropus robustus was much more common than Homo erectus on the landscape.”

Paranthropus robustus evolved to adapt to climate change.

It was previously thought that Paranthropus robustus lived in groups where large dominant males co-habited with smaller females; however, the male skull was actually pretty close in size compared to the female remains that were discovered at the same site.

This discovery seemingly sheds new light on human microevolution (the evolutionary change within a species in a short amount of time). In fact, it could be the best evidence so far of a human ancestor evolving in order to adapt to climate change. South Africa was believed to have transformed from a wet and lush environment to much drier conditions around two million years ago due to climate change. Because of the change, Paranthropus robustus would have had to evolve in order to survive the new climate – such as being able to chew on tougher plants.

Interestingly, the male skull was quite a bit smaller than other male skulls that were discovered in a nearby cave called Swartkrans; however, those skulls belonged to Paranthropus robustus who were around 200,000 years younger than the one found at the Drimolen cave system. And since the older male’s chewing muscles were not as strong as those found at Swartkrans, that would indicate that they evolved during that time period.

Archaeologist Andy Herries explained this further by stating that the species evolved enough to survive in South Africa for around a million years. “Like all other creatures on Earth, to remain successful our ancestors adapted and evolved in accordance with the landscape and environment around them.”

He went on to say, “We believe these changes took place during a time when South Africa was drying out, leading to the extinction of a number of contemporaneous mammal species,” adding, “It is likely that climate change produced environmental stressors that drove evolution within Paranthropus robustus.”

The research was published in Nature Ecology and Evolution where it can be read in full.

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Antarctica Advanced Civilization Under Melting Ice, Nordic, Atlantis, Anunnaki Connection via Leak Project

Antarctica Advanced Civilization Under Melting Ice, Nordic, Atlantis, Anunnaki Connection via Leak Project

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Atzlan the “white land” ancestral home of the Aztecs? Also learned from manly p hall the the prefix of Atlantis “Atl” originates in the aztec language symbol represented by moving water possible correlations. BG

I found literally thousands of these ruins in S. Africa and marked them. So many that Google earth opens very slowly. No GPS or cell service inside the ruins (according to Tellinger). No doorways. Right where the Annunaki Abzu was said to be located. I periodically go back and search and usually find more. Made of resonant rock not native to the area. Covered in sea sediment like from a flood. I just subscribed. M777

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Drone Records UFO Shooting From forest floor through trees and beyond. Nov 10, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Drone Records UFO Shooting From forest floor through trees and beyond. Nov 10, 2020, Video, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Nov 10, 2020
Location of sighting: Anutt, Missouri, USA
 
A woman in Missouri was using a drone to record video of the forest when something usual happened. A white object suddenly few out of the forest floor through the trees and straight up out of view. The object was white, when focused, it resembles no living creature known. Also the speed of this object was absolutely fast. It's just way too fast for a bird, insect or any known animals. It flew straight upward, as if it were an alien craft trying to high tail it out of there before it was seen. Lucky for us, the drone was recording video at the time. The way I see it is...UFO means unidentified flying object...and this certainly is unidentified...flying and some kind of object. Case closed...its a UFO. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
 
Eyewitness states: 
UFO filmed during drone flight taken using a DJI Mavic Air 2 Drone. The object starts from the bottom center near the start and is very small because it appears to be near the ground, but gets larger the closer it gets to the drone. The drone was within line-of-sight and was about 390-feet above the ground from the takeoff point. The object can be seen close to the ground and then flies almost straight up. The speed of the object is calculated to be around 53.2-mph. The video was filmed in 4K HDR mode.
  

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Many Ancient Statues On Mountain of Meteora, Greece, 100% proof of Ancient Aliens. Photos, UFO Sighting News.

Many Ancient Statues On Mountain of Meteora, Greece, 100% proof of Ancient Aliens. Photos, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: Nov 11, 2020
Location of discovery: Meteora Monasteries, Central Greece
Source cam:
This is 100% proof that ancient aliens did come down and land, live and change Greece. I was looking at a live cam of the ancient Meteora Monaseries built on top of the stone pillars and noticed that there were a lot of faces all facing to the right. Some had bodies, but most did not. Very odd, but not when you think about it deeply. Ancient aliens must have gone to Greece. Greece long ago invented the light house, the water wheel, the alarm clock (3rd century BC), Alchemy, Olympic games, evidence based medicine and so much more! All from over two thousand years ago. Aliens came down and lived in Greece  fitting in because they looked similar and the aliens helped out, maybe even profited from it, but helped the society in general advance a bit faster. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
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21km Spaceship Found On Moon, But Google Moon Map Hides it! Nov 2020, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

21km Spaceship Found On Moon, But Google Moon Map Hides it! Nov 2020, Photos, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: Nov 11, 2020
Location of discovery: Earths moon
Source photo: 
I found a ship that is disguised as a crater on earths moon. The UFO landed here is 21km across according to Google ruler. Yes I went to Google Moon map and checked it out...but Google edited out the spaceship and put a few ledges of dirt there instead. Yes I am saying Google is helping to hide the existence of aliens from the public. That is part of Googles mission. You can compare the craters below. It's clear to me that this is not a permanent structure but a portable one...a ship that moves about. I believe its still there today. Waiting to be relieved by some intelligent species. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
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BELOW IS THE FAKE CRATER MADE BY GOOGLE EARTH TO HIDE THE TRUE ALIEN SHIP THAT IS REALY THERE. 
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Alien craft exits the Sun and leaves huge plasma trail behind

Alien craft exits the Sun and leaves huge plasma trail behind

An incredible image of a CME that ejects from the Sun and reaches out to reveal a possible alien spacecraft which seems to exit the sun leaving a huge plasma trail behind was captured by NASA's Lasco C2 satellite on November 9, 2020. 
ufo-nea-sun-alien-spacecraft.jpg

It looks like the shield of the alien vessel is still glowing from the enormous heat before it shoots out into space. 
Although NASA scientists probably will say that it was just a normal outburst of the sun’s magnetic field called a coronal mass ejection, this appearance, which clearly fly through the solar flare, is more likely a UFO that has used the sun for some reason. 
It is said that aliens are sending their spacecraft to the sun, harvesting sun's energy or even they access our solar system via a stargate, entering and exiting from dimensional portals in the Sun. 
Image Lasco C2 
 Date: 2020-11-09 - Time: 03.12.14
  

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Did The Soviet Union Discover Aliens In The Deepest Lake In The World?

Did The Soviet Union Discover Aliens In The Deepest Lake In The World?

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Under the waters of Lake Baikal in 1982, 7 Russian divers are exploring the world deepest freshwater lake on a research mission, but 50 metres underwater, strange humanoid creatures appear and in an attempt to capture one of them, all the divers are pushed up to the top by an unknown force. Who were these creatures and what can we learn from this encounter?

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