UFOs Sighted Over Los Angeles, California on 2-10-2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: February 10, 2021
Location of sighting: Los Angeles, California, USA 

 

Glowing spheres appeared one night over Los Angeles, CA and a young man named Bobby Cail was fast enough to catch a little bit of it on video for us. The glowing orbs are not falling and not moving much, but do shine brightly. With so many people staying inside, afraid to go out and possibly catch covid...UFOs are becoming less and less afraid of being seen. But as soon as Bobby started recording, it was like the aliens knew exactly what he was doing and the ships quickly disappeared from view...cloaking. 

 

With the light beams and the UFOs in those positions...almost looks like the old newspaper photo from Feb 24, 1942 of the "Battle of Los Angeles" UFO encounter where US military used spotlights to illuminate and shoot at huge silver UFOs passing over the city. Wow! I (Scott Waring) was born in East LA and remember my mother telling me her first hand experience at seeing the UFOs and the panic the city had that night. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

{  https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

The United Arab Emirates. China and NASA each launched their spacecraft to the planet Mars about seven months ago. 

Now, China's Tianwen-1 has entered the orbit of the Red Planet on February 10, 2021 after an interplanetary voyage covering nearly 475 million kilometers. 

China National Space Administration has unveiled complete footage of the first Chinese Mars probe, Tianwen-1, as it was captured by the gravity of the Red Planet. 

The footage reveals Mars coming into view, the slight vibration after engine ignition, and its flight from the daytime into the night. It also shows a clear image of the solar wing, the directional antenna, and Mars atmosphere and surface topography. 

Two days before, on February 8, the United Arab Emirates Hope craft has successfully entered the orbit of Mars and NASA's Perseverance rover is scheduled to land on the Red Planet on Feb. 18, 2021.

While UAE's Hope craft will stay in the orbit of Mars to study the atmosphere of Mars, the main job of China's Tianwen-1 which includes a Mars orbiter, a lander and a solar-powered rover and NASA's Perseverance rover is to seek signs of ancient life and collect samples of rock and regolith for a return to Earth on another mission.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Multiple UFOs over Laguna Niguel, California 7-Feb-2021

New UFO video of a bright objects hovering in the sky above Laguna Niguel, California. Filmed on 7th February 2021.

Witness report: 

The six or seven lights were constant, not blinking, and appeared to be originating over water near Dana Point. I was far away, but the lights were very unusual. There are military bases/testing in the area, but this still appeared awkward, I’m not sure what type of training exercise would look like this…

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

Enoch, Thoth & the Pyramid… What Is the Connection?

COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Author and filmmaker Ken Klein presented his thesis that Egypt’s Great Pyramid was built by Enoch, and serves as an oracle to help humankind transcend to their higher nature. Klein contended that the Egyptian ruler known as Thoth, who wrote The Book of the Eternal Day (later called The Egyptian Book of the Dead), was actually Enoch, a real human, who was later deified.

Further, the Greek god Hermes was also Enoch, he stated. Enoch never died; he was taken to the Arcturus star system, and helped populate a “godly race,” said Klein, adding that the Great Pyramid was built to memorialize the fact that Enoch escaped death.

Enoch will return in a ship, and the current proliferation of UFOs, is preparing us for the call to leave, he continued. According to the prophets, it is our destiny to go into space, he noted.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

How Old is the Ice at Mars’ North Pole?

On Earth, the study of ice core samples is one of many methods scientists use to reconstruct the history of our past climate change. The same is true of Mars’ northern polar ice cap, which is made up of many layers of frozen water that have accumulated over eons. The study of these layers could provide scientists with a better understanding of how the Martian climate changed over time.

This remains a challenge since the only way we are able to study the Martian polar ice caps right now is from orbit. Luckily, a team of researchers from UC Boulder was able to use data obtained by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to chart how the northern polar ice caps’ evolved over the past few million years.

The research was conducted by Andrew Wilcoski and Paul Hayne, a Ph.D. student and assistant professor from the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado Boulder. The study that describes their findings recently appeared in the Journal for Geological Research (JGR), a publication maintained by the American Geophysical Union (AGU).

For the sake of their study, Wilcosky and Hayne sought to determine the current state of the Martian North Polar Residual Cap (NPRC), which is vital to understanding the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD). Using the high-resolution images gathered by the HiRISE instrument, Wilcosky and Hayne examined the rough features of the NPRC – which includes ripples and ridges of varying size and shape.

They then modeled the growth and recession of NPRC over time based on its interaction with solar radiation and how the rate of growth and loss is affected by the amount of atmospheric water vapor. What they found was that in addition to causing the formation of rough terrain (ripples and ridges) in an ice sheet, exposure to solar radiation will also cause ice to sublimate unevenly.

Basically, Mars’ axial tilt, which is responsible for it experiencing seasonal changes similar to Earth, also causes one side of these features to sublimate (the Sun-facing side) while the other does not. This has the effect of exaggerating these features, leading to pronounced ridges and valleys that become more pronounced as time goes on.

Overall, the model employed by Wilcoski and Hayne determined that the rough features observed by the MRO should measure 10 m (33 ft) in diameter and 1 m (3.3 ft) deep. Furthermore, their results demonstrated that as the features age, the spatial wavelength (the distance) between each ripple increases – from 10 to 50 m (164 ft). As they state in their study:

“Our results show that the size of mounds and depressions on the ice cap surface suggest that it took 1–10 thousand years to form these roughness features. Our results also suggest that the formation of features on the surface may depend on when water vapor is present in the atmosphere over the course of a year (e.g., summer or winter).”

These results are consistent with the images taken by the HiRISE instrument of the Martian North Polar Residual Cap (NPRC). What they indicated is that the rough features observed around Mars’ northern polar ice formed within the last 1000 to 10,000 years, which provides scientists with a starting point for reconstructing the climate history of Mars.

Such is the nature of the Red Planet. Today, scientists have a pretty good understanding of the nature of the Martian landscape and how it changes throughout the year. They also have an idea of what it used to look like billions of years ago, thanks to impeccably-preserved surface features that indicate the past presence of flowing and standing water (rivers, streams, and lakes).

But the intervening period, where the climate transitioned from one to the other, that’s where much remains to be learned. In the coming years, robotic missions could be sent to Mars for the sake of studying the ice sheets directly and maybe even return samples to Earth. In the next decade, as astronauts begin to set foot on Mars, the opportunity to explore the ice caps could also be possible.

Further Reading: 

• EOS (AGU), 
• JGR Planets

The post How Old is the Ice at Mars’ North Pole? appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/150062/how-old-is-the-ice-at-mars-north-pole/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

The Ten Day Alien Abduction To Another Planet... A Remarkable Story!

The Ten Day Alien Abduction To Another Planet… A Remarkable Story!

The testimony shared by Alec Newald, a New Zealand business man, has been a debating point among conspiracy theorists and alien enthusiasts. Newald believes that he was abducted by extraterrestrials in February 1989, during a three-hour drive to Auckland from Rotorua.

Newald, who is now 70 years old has never changed his story. He revealed that this journey changed his entire perception of Universe and extraterrestrial life. Newald claims that he was abducted by a group of aliens beings on that fateful day, and later, he spent ten days in an advanced alien civilization. The information he came back with was startling.

All content on this channel is licensed, and or produced by Zohar Entertainment Group/Awakening Expo/Phenomena Magazine.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Antarctica Discovery Hidden From You Until Now! 2021

Antarctica Discovery Hidden From You Until Now! 2021 

Just Discovered In Antarctica Is Hidden From You Until Now! Did Google Earth try to Hide a Space Ship in Antarctica?

Antarctica is Earth’s southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia.

At 0.00008 people per square kilometre, it is by far the least densely populated continent. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

2021 Mercury Retrograde Effects

2021 Mercury Retrograde Effects 

COAST TO COAST AM – February 2021. Astrologer Leslie McGuirk has been a popular keynote speaker on the topic of creative inspiration. In the first half, she discussed what 2021 looks like astrologically and what we can expect from the effects of Mercury retrograde.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Tictac over Owego, New York And Disk Near Power lines! Oct 12, 2013, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Oct 12, 2013
Location of sighting: Owego, New York, USA
Source: MUFON 

 

I was looking at an old report on MUFON and noticed that nobody saw the other UFO in the video. Since the other UFO was more clear, metallic and a disk, not to mention just about half a meter across and near the power lines...I thought I better mention it. Many small UFOs have been seen and recorded near power lines over the last decade of me reporting UFOs...so this is significant. I believe this UFO is a drone disk sent out from the tictac UFOs that the eyewitness saw. He actually saw two, but only had one tictac recorded. However he missed the most obvious thing...the metal disk 1/2 meter across near the telephone pole. The disk was both observing the person and recoding data going through the communication lines. 100% proof that the camera is quicker than the eye. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

Eyewitness states:  

On the 12th day of October 2013, at about 13:00hrs EST, I witnessed a disc like object flying from north east over the Village of Owego, New York. Object omitted no sound, there was no “trail” after it there was no visible wings of any kind. A short 22 second video taken on a camera phone was shot. The disc moved from South West to the North East over the western horizon. Shortly after another object same size and shape, no wings, no trail, no sound was observed flying from east (Binghamton, NY ) to the North West, however higher in the sky than the first object. Having observed thousands of flights going over this area in the last 30 years, I have never seen anything like this before.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFOs and Black Projects

Phoenix MUFON Online Speaker Series – Michael Schratt is a classified “Black” projects researcher, specializing in the exposure of un-acknowleged special access aerospace programs.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Roswell UFO crash debris is still out there, expert claims as probe reveals ‘something really hot’ smashed into desert

Jon Lockett

WRECKAGE from the Roswell UFO incident could still be buried in the desert, an expert has claimed.

The astonishing revelation is made in a startling new six-part documentary which sets out to get the bottom of the world's most baffling UFO mystery.

Former CIA operative Ben Smith has been working with geophysicists

Credit: Sky History

Former CIA operative Ben Smith has been called in to work with a team of top experts to find out exactly what happened in New Mexico in July, 1947.

And he exclusively told The Sun Online he believes debris from the crash could still be buried in the sand just waiting to be found.

Ben has teamed up with geophysicists and ufologists for 'Roswell: The First Witness', which starts on February 9 as part of Sky History's Mystery Season.

He told The Sun Online: "There are delineations in the soil from a north-western to a south-eastern direction which match witness descriptions of something falling from the sky, hitting the earth, skipping and scattering debris."

During his investigation, he visited New Mexico to search for "unnatural features" which could be evidence of a flying saucer crash.

Scientists then conducted an exhaustive geo-thermal examination of the area where the first debris was discovered - using cutting-edge technology to look deep into the earth for clues.

The experts scoured the desert with state-of-the-art kit including drones in the hunt for an "impact and skid mark".

They also studied aerial images of the area before and after the Roswell incident and soon noticed what could be multiple "furrows" in the surface.

Studies also revealed "something really hot hit the earth and heated up the surrounding soil", changing the magnetic field in the area.

Hi-tech detecting equipment also appeared to pick up signs of metal hidden beneath the surface.

Major Jesse Marcel led the original investigation into the Roswell crash

Credit: Handout - Getty

Soil samples were then sent to a lab to see if they contained materials "not from this world".

Ben believes the fact there could still be debris scattered beneath the desert is what makes the Roswell mystery so intriguing.

"This is what makes this project so interesting. We have this amazing Tic-Tac video recently declassified from American Navy pilots but it is footage but there is nothing physical," he said.

"Here we have a a record of something crashing into the ground and the geology (from the site) certainly supports trapping some of this debris.

"This a desolate site. The potential of finding a piece of it...whether through sophisticated space age technology that we used or tracking down original witnesses who may have taken a piece home is part of the crux of the invesitgation.

"We tried to keep it focused on the original witnesses and the original accounts of debris and go from there."

He now believes the key to solving this whole mystery could even be lying in a box after being collected by a local in the hours and days after the crash.

Ben said: "That's the crazy part and it could be the conclusive evidence that we need to determine whether this was truly extra terrestrial or this is very terrestrial.

"It could just be in a box somewhere. I think there is a piece of this thing somewhere out there and I think we can find it with enough time and resources."

Yesterday we told how a journal written by a US army major – who was first on the scene – may hold all the secrets to what has been described as the biggest cover-up in US military history.

On July 8, 1947 the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) distributed a press release claiming they had recovered the remains of a “flying disc” which had crashed in the desert.

Not surprisingly, the news made headlines across the US but the very next day the US Army suddenly backtracked and released a second statement claiming the recovered object was actually just a weather balloon.

The bizarre incident would have been lost over the decades had it not been for Major Jesse A Marcel, a former intelligence officer who was stationed at RAAF at the time.

When a local rancher reported the debris’ discovery, Marcel was sent out to take a look and bring some of the material back to the base before being ordered to fly some of the wreckage to Fort Worth, Texas, for further examination.

However, in the late 70s, Marcel told UFO researchers later photos with him and the debris was staged for the press as part of an elaborate plan to dupe the press and the public.

He claimed the Army whisked the real debris away while he was ordered to aid in the cover-up of what was really found.

Marcel claimed the actual crash site was scattered with extremely strong shiny material that was foil-like but returned to its original shape after it was crumpled. 

He later told his family what he found was “not made by human hands” but they say he was pressured by the US government to retract his original statement and deny he ever saw evidence of a UFO.

Now his diary – which has been in the hands of his family for decades – is being probed from cover-to-cover to unlock its secrets.

Ben Smith is a former CIA case officer with many years in the field as an undercover operative tracking terrorist networks, foreign intelligence activities and weapons of mass destruction.

He holds a degree in International Affairs and a Master's of Fine Arts. In his free time, he is either researching his next investigation or writing science fiction from his home in New York.

Roswell continues to attract questions from UFO hunters, with even Donald Trump’s son Don Jr asking the former US President about the suspected crash during an interview last year.

• Roswell: The First Witness premieres on Sky History on Tuesday, February 9 at 9pm.

The First Witness premieres on Sky History on Tuesday, February 9

Credit: Sky History

{ https://www.thesun.co.uk/ }

“Utsurobune”: A UFO Legend from Nineteenth-Century Japan

A mysterious event in Japan at the beginning of the nineteenth century shows surprising similarities with stories of UFOs.

 Tanaka Kazuo

In 1803, a round vessel drifted ashore on the Japanese coast and a beautiful woman emerged, wearing strange clothing and carrying a box. She was unable to communicate with the locals, and her craft was marked with mysterious writing. This story of an utsurobune, or “hollow ship,” in the province of Hitachi (now Ibaraki Prefecture) is found in many records of the Edo period (1603–1868), and Tanaka Kazuo, professor emeritus at Gifu University, has studied the topic for many years. What drew him away from his main research area, applied optics, to investigate this curious episode? And what really took place?

“Like a Flying Saucer”

Tanaka says he began to research the ship after the deadly subway sarin attacks in 1995 by the Aum Shinrikyō cult. “There was a lot of coverage of Aum founder Asahara Shōkō's prophecies and claims to be able to float in the air. Yet the cult’s senior members were part of the scientific elite. I started giving lectures considering paranormal phenomena from a scientific perspective, which meant that I was collecting all kinds of materials for teaching, such as about UFOs in the United States and Japanese folklore. While doing so, I came across the utsurobune legend.” He adds, “Long before the American UFO stories, the craft depicted in Edo-period Japanese documents for some reason looked like a flying saucer. This was fascinating to me.”

UFOs became a modern sensation after the media reported US businessman Kenneth Arnold as having witnessed “flying saucers” on June 24, 1947. A flood of similar stories followed from around the world. Most famously, a UFO was alleged to have crashed to the ground near Roswell, New Mexico, in July 1947. “In the end, though, no wrecks or alien bodies were recovered,” Tanaka says. “There was only the ambiguous testament of witnesses. It was the same with all the other UFO stories from around the world—they were mysteries without any substantial evidence. The utsurobune legend, however, has a number of documents to examine as leads, so in this sense, for researchers it’s a mystery with substance.” 

A Ninja’s Report

A book published in English by Tanaka Kazuo on his research. The cover uses the illustration from Toen shōsetsu

https://www.nippon.com/en/latest/(Toen Stories; 1825).

There are similar oral traditions about “hollow ships” across Japan in the Edo period. Tanaka’s research is focused on the various documents that describe the 1803 incident in Hitachi and include illustrations of a beautiful woman and a strange vessel, although they cite different dates. One of the best-known sources is the Toen shōsetsu (Toen Stories), an 1825 collection recording fantastic rumors, which was written by the Toenkai literary circle and edited by Kyokutei Bakin, famous for his lengthy historical romance Nansō Satomi hakkenden (The Eight Dog Chronicles). Others are Nagahashi Matajirō's 1844 work Ume no chiri (Plum Dust), as well as collections like Ōshuku zakki (Ōshuku Notes), Hirokata zuihitsu (Essays by Hirokata), and Hyōryūki-shū (Records of Castaways), which gathers stories of foreign ships washed up in Japan and of Japanese sailors who came ashore overseas.

From Ōshuku zakki (Ōshuku Notes; around 1815) by Komai Norimura, a vassal of the powerful daimyō Matsudaira Sadanobu.

(Courtesy National Diet Library)

From Hirokata zuihitsu (Essays by Hirokata; 1825) by shogunate retainer and calligrapher Yashiro Hirokata, who was also a member of the Toenkai circle.

(Courtesy National Archives of Japan)

From Mito bunsho (Mito Document).

(Courtesy the owner)

At first, Tanaka theorized that the incident was an embellished account concerning a shipwrecked Russian whaler, but he could not find any mention of such a disaster in official records. Instead, he discovered new materials, becoming absorbed in further background research. To date, he has found 11 documents relating to the Hitachi utsurobune legend, of which the most interesting are thought to date from 1803, the same year that the craft was said to have come to shore.

One is the Mito bunsho (Mito Document) owned by a collector in Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture. Tanaka noticed that the woman’s clothing in an illustration in the work was similar to that of a bodhisattva statue at the Shōfukuji temple in Kamisu, also in Ibaraki, which is dedicated to the raising of silkworms. A legend credits the start of sericulture in the area to a Princess Konjiki (or “golden princess”), who is a motif in images at the temple. In one version of the story, Princess Konjiki is washed up to shore after traveling from India on a dugout boat in the shape of a cocoon. She repays the kindness of a local couple who try to nurse her back to health by bestowing on them the secrets of sericulture when she herself becomes a silkworm after her death. Among the various materials, only the illustration in the Mito document appeared greatly similar to Princess Konjiki. Tanaka thinks that when the first rumors of a “hollow ship” coming ashore at a beach called Kashimanada were spreading, the people at Shōfukuji may have decided to incorporate it into promotion of the temple.

Another even more important source is the Banke bunsho (Banke Document) owned by Kawakami Jin’ichi, the heir to the Kōka ninjutsu (ninja arts) tradition and a ninjutsu researcher and martial artist. It is named after the Banke, or Ban family, of Kōka ninja. While some other materials say the vessel came ashore at locations like Harayadori or Haratonohama, there is no evidence that such places exist. This document, however, records the location as Hitachihara Sharihama, which appeared in a map produced by the famous cartographer Inō Tadataka, and is now known as Hasaki Sharihama in Kamisu. Tanaka comments that while the other materials show geographical inconsistencies, this document mentions a real place name. He says that Kawakami suggested a Banke member might have been assembling information while working for the head of the Owari domain (now Aichi Prefecture). “If so, he wouldn’t record any untruths, so we can say the document is very reliable.”

Awaiting New Revelations

The folklorist Yanagita Kunio once said that all of the utsurobune legends were groundless fictions. “But in the case of the Hitachi utsurobune, there’s a clear difference from other stories around the country,” Tanaka says. “For one, it’s specified as having taken place in 1803. And then, it’s strange that there are specific pictures of the craft showing it as resembling a flying saucer. I feel it was probably based on something that really happened. But Japan was largely closed off then, so if there was a wreck of a foreign ship or foreign people had arrived in the country, it would have been a huge event and a government official would have investigated and left a public document. When British sailors entered Ōtsuhama [now Kitaibaraki] in 1824, it became one of the causes of an edict to repel foreign vessels the following year. So it might be that there was witness testimony of something taking place for just a short time at Kashimanada. It’s possible that this became tied in with earlier utsurobune legends.”

Just as descriptions of the woman’s clothing vary depending on the document, so do those of the shape and size of her vessel. For example, Records of Castaways says that it was around 3.3 meters high and 5.4 meters wide (when converted into current measurements) and that it was made of rosewood and iron with glass and crystal windows. “I’m not sure whether Records of Castaways was an official document. There are two volumes altogether, and apart from the utsurobune, they’re all incidents that actually took place. This suggests that the writer at least believed the utsurobune was really washed up to shore,” Tanaka says. 

There are countless mysteries connected with the “hollow ship,” such as the meaning of the script written inside it. Tanaka says that one theory has it that it resembles the pseudo-Roman letters sometimes seen in the border of ukiyo-e prints. “So it might be simply decorative. Although it’s not impossible that we’ll discover evidence that it’s alien script!” Having said this, he laughs. “There are likely to be further discoveries of currently unknown materials related to the utsurobune, and new revelations. This legend is so appealing because it’s possible to come up with so many different theories. Having a story like this in Japan—from 140 years before the American UFO sightings—that stimulates the imagination to this extent reminds me of how deep and fascinating Japanese culture can be.”

From Hyōryūki-shū (Records of Castaways) by an unknown author. The text describes the woman as being around 18 to 20 years of age, well-dressed, and beautiful. Her face is pale, and her eyebrows and hair are red. It is impossible to communicate with her, so it is unclear where she is from. She holds a plain wooden box as though it is very important to her and keeps her distance. There is mysterious script written in the boat.

(Courtesy Iwase Bunko Library in Nishio, Aichi Prefecture)

• (Originally published in Japanese on June 17, 2020, based on an interview by Itakura Kimie of Nippon.com. Banner photo: Detail from Hyōryūki-shū (Records of Castaways). Courtesy Iwase Bunko Library in Nishio, Aichi Prefecture.)

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.nippon.com/ }

The first 3D printed house in the US is now officially on sale — for $300,000

It's a lot of money, but it's still cheaper than what you get in the area.

 by Fermin Koop

A company has listed what is reported to be the first 3D printed house in the United States. The property, built by SQ4D and located in Long Island, New York, has received a certificate of occupancy and is already listed on MLS for sale as new construction for $299,999 – which the company claims is 50% cheaper than regular new homes in the area.

The house on sale. Image credit: SQ4D

SQ4D is a New York company that focuses on engineering and building high-quality sustainable houses with an autonomous robotic 3D construction system (ARCS). The company uses an approach where robots build the foundations, exterior walls, interior walls, utility conduits, and more, which reduces labor to three people, uses far less energy, and cuts construction times.

Essentially, the approach uses more expensive materials and robots to cut down on construction time and worker cost, so it’s best suited in areas where labor costs are high — like New York, for instance.

However, the technology will be soon be able to eliminate more expensive and inferior building materials, SQ4D believes, making 3D structures even more cost-effective. Using concrete reduces the cost by at least 30%, as well as making the structure more fire resistant than traditional methods. Here’s a video presentation.

The 3D house that just entered the market in Long Island has 1,400 square feet of living space and a 750 square car garage. It includes three bedrooms and two full bathrooms, featuring an open floor plan. It’s fully built with concrete and includes a 50-year limited warranty that SQ4D gives on its 3D printed structure.

Of course, in addition to the technology (which is innovative), the house also comes with some bragging rights and a lot of marketing.

“Own a piece of history! This is the world’s first 3D printed home for sale,” the listing of the house states. “This home is carefully developed to exceed all energy efficiency codes and lower energy costs. SQ4D provides a stronger build than traditional concrete structures while utilizing a more sustainable building process.”

Stephen King of Realty Connect, the Zillow Premier agent who has the listing, said in a statement that the US$300,000 market price is actually 50% below the cost of similar newly-constructed homes in Riverhead, the neighborhood where the house is located. That’s why this is “a major step” to address the “affordable housing crisis plaguing Long Island,” he added.

3D printing has been consistently making headlines over the past few years, slowly becoming a reality for us commoners. Companies are building houses either fully on 3D or with most of their elements made out of a printer. In Mexico, the world’s first 3D printed neighborhood is already moving forward, while Germany’s first 3D residential building is under construction.

But it’s not just housing, it can be almost anything. With the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers discovered they could print face shields and ventilator parts much faster and cheaper than with regular methods. A 3D printer even built a miniature heart, using a patient’s own cells, as well as human cartilage.

This means that whether you have the almost $300,000 to buy the house now on the market or not, you have plenty of options to choose from in the 3D world. A study a few years ago even showed that a printer can make anyone at least a 1000% return on investment over five years. So it might be time to get on the 3D printing world.

RELATED VIDEOS,selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

My long time contact JP has sent me a compelling video of an antigravity craft he personally witnessed and recorded on the night of February 6, 2021. The video shows a flying saucer shaped craft flying over North Carolina. JP is currently serving with a branch of the US military, and wishes to maintain his anonymity for personal and professional reasons.

I have known JP since 2008 when he first contacted me about an extraterrestrial encounter he had in Brazil. He has over the subsequent years supplied me many photographs and videos of different shaped antigravity craft and encounters with their occupants. These include both extraterrestrial entities and military personnel, including Air Force Special Operations.

I have written multiple articles about his previous encounters along with supporting photos and videos here.

The flying saucer craft he videotaped on Feb 6 is very similar to one that he witnessed on May 24, 2018, which landed near his home in Orlando, Florida. The Nordic looking extraterrestrial occupant offered JP a ride which he declined. He wore an Air Force uniform and said his group was working with the USAF. JP took a photo of the departing flying saucer which I wrote about here.  

JP believes that the same Nordic group wanted to let him know that they are ready to make contact again, and are aware of his current position with the US military. His Feb 6 video can be viewed on Rumble or in the following YouTube video.

All photos and videos sent to me by JP are originals and have not be altered in any way. Enhancements are provided in addition to the original to provide clarity on what is being witnessed. The photos and videos are empirical evidence of other worldly contact and of secret space programs operating on Earth using antigravity technologies.

Michael Salla, Ph.D.

Further Reading

• Covert Disclosure of Antigravity Rectangle Weapons Platforms by USAF Special Operations
• Covert Disclosure of Antigravity Craft near MacDill AFB
• Cylindrical UFO near MacDill AFB Points to USAF Nordic ET Alliance
• More Triangle UFO Sightings as MacDill AFB is Evacuated due to Hurricane Irma
• As Hurricane Irma Approaches More Photos of Antigravity UFOs near MacDill AFB
• More Photos of Antigravity UFO near MacDill Air Force Base
• Photos of Antigravity UFO Near MacDill AFB support claims of USAF SSP

{ https://exopolitics.org/ }

Distant ‘Mature’ Galaxy Points to Speedier Galactic Evolution

 by Rob Lea

A massive stellar bulge found in a regularly rotating galaxy when the Universe was just 1.2 billion years old could throw theories on galactic evolution into doubt. Current models of how galaxies form suggest that features like those spotted associated with the galaxy ALESS 073.1 should take longer to form and thus shouldn’t be visible when the Universe is so young.

“This galaxy is like a little child that looks like a full-grown adult,” Federico Lelli, an astrophysicist at Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory (INAF, Italy) and part of the team that identified the features, tells ZME Science. “This galaxy possesses three key features of ‘mature’ galaxies: a regular rotating disk, a massive bulge, and arm-like structures that are reminiscent of spiral arms.”

Gas (blue) and dust (red) in the distant galaxy ALESS 073.1 observed when the Universe was only 1.2 billion years old.

(Federico Lelli (2021))

The team’s finding is discussed in a paper published in the latest edition of the journal Science and joins a series of other recent discoveries that suggest galaxies could evolve much quicker than currently believed. 

The study is accompanied by a perspectives article by Julie Wadlow, Lancaster University, that reflects on the wider implications of the discovery of these features on our models of galactic evolution. 

The team made their observations of ALESS 073.1 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) based in the Atacama Desert Chile, currently the world’s largest radio telescope. It was emissions from the galaxy’s gas and dust that allowed the team to detect the motion of ALESS 073.1 and infer the presence of the bulge and spiral arms. 

“Structures like bulges, regular disks, and possibly spiral arms must form in less than 1.2 billion years, which is a tall order for current models of galaxy formation,” says Lelli. “These properties imply that the formation of massive galaxies must be a fast process occurring very early in the history of the Universe.”

(Robert Lea/ after Julie Wardlow)

As Wardlow points out, this isn’t the first time ALESS 073.1 has caused some surprise in the field of astronomy since it was first glimpsed in 2009.

“The initial discovery of a galaxy forming stars so rapidly so far into the distant Universe was already a surprise and a challenge to the galaxy evolution models of the time,” she tells ZME Science. “Theorists are now able to explain the existent of a galaxy forming so many stars so early in the Universe, but this new detection of the bulge in ALESS 073.1 is unexpected.”

“It has implications both for the timescales of galaxy formation and evolution but also for the sorts of systems that can host massive bursts of star formation in the distant Universe.”

Structures That Challenge Galactic Evolution Models

The Universe is populated with billions of galaxies coming in a variety of different shapes — with the three main types being elliptical, spiral, and irregular. 

This graphic compares illustrations of the three main types of galaxies (top) with actual photos of galaxies (bottom) that fit the categories. Credit: A. Feild (STScI)

Spiral galaxies, like our own Milky Way, are perhaps the galaxy shapes that we are most familiar with. These are typified by a central nucleus with spiral arms extending from this central region. Whilst most galaxies are expected to go through a special phase, structures like spiral arms and central bulges should take longer to form according to current models, so we shouldn’t be seeing them in the early Universe. That means spotting them in ALESS 073.1 is extremely surprising. 

“Galaxies forming in the primordial Universe are expected to be chaotic and turbulent because they are accreting gas from the cosmic web, they are forming stars at very high rates leading to many supernovae explosions, and they have central supermassive black holes growing in mass and shining as active galactic nuclei,” says Lelli. “All these mechanisms are expected to inject large amounts of energy into the gas and heavily perturb its overall kinematics. 

“The regularity of the gas disk in ALESS 073.1 is at odds with these expectations.”

The team of astronomers decided to study ALESS 073.1 because previous observations with ALMA in 2014 had indicated the presence of a rotating disc, but the data wasn’t precise enough to properly distinguish this from other possible explanations.

“The galaxy is forming stars at an incredibly high rate — about 1000 solar masses per year — and has a central supermassive black hole emitting in the X-rays, so some authors argued in favour of a gas outflow rather than a regular rotating disk,” Lelli says. “The new data unambiguously shows that the galaxy has a very regular rotating disk.” 

ALESS 073.1’s central bulge of closely clustered stars is also a feature that would usually be associated with a more mature galaxy. “Bulges are expected to form either by the merging of two disk galaxies of similar mass or by slow internal processes within the rotating disk,” says Lelli. “Both mechanisms take time to form a massive bulge, so we were really surprised to find that nearly half of the stars in ALESS 073.1 are in a bulge component.”

The Wider Implications of ALESS 073.1’s Mature Features

In the associated perspectives piece accompanying Lelli and his coauthor’s study, Wardlow points out that current theoretical simulations suggest these early or primordial galaxies merge together through gravitational interactions forming large, chaotic structures. These may have some rotation and eventually form central bulges comprised of older, redder stars. 

“Discs take time to form as the motion of the stars and gas in the first galaxies slowly becomes dominated by gravity rather than the initial forces from formation,” Wardlow explains. “Bulges are found in the centres of disks and are expected to form even later and after an event which gravitationally disturbs a galaxy. This disturbance alters the motion of the stars and gas, such that they become irregular, but still bound the galaxy.”

Wardlow goes on to explain that this disturbance could be something external — like a collision or close encounter with another galaxy — or something internal — like a runaway gravitational instability in the galaxy. 

Gas motion in the distant galaxy ALESS 073.1: gas in blue is moving towards us while gas in red is moving away from us, indicating a rotating disk. (Federico Lelli (2021))

The problem is, these mechanisms put tight time constraints to the evolution of galactic features because they require some structure is already present in the galaxy. “They both require significant galaxy structure with rotation to have already formed, and then time for the triggering event to have happened and for the dynamics of the system to have calmed into the disc and bulge that is seen in ALESS 073.1 ~1.2 billion years after the Big Bang,” Wardlow explains. “In the merger/interaction scenario it also requires a second galaxy to already be in place at the time of the merger/interaction. 

“So the presence of these features in ALESS 073.1 means that the timescales for early galaxy formation and evolution must be short, which provides a challenge for models and simulations if systems like ALESS 073.1 are common.”

This gives a good hint at what the next step for Lilli and his team could be, searching for other young galaxies shortly after the Big Bang with similar mature features. That’s the aim of a project underway at ALMA called Tracing Rotation with Ionized Carbon in Early Primeval Systems (TRICEPS). 

“Observing more galaxies at similar distances with ALMA will allow us to statistically establish how common rotating gas disks are in the early Universe. We are already working along this path,” says Lelli. “The observations were supposed to take place last year, but unfortunately the ALMA observatory was shut down due to the Covid-19 emergency. A lot of good people — not only astronomers but also engineers, mechanics, technicians, cooks, cleaners and the like — are working at the Atacama desert in Chile to make these observations possible. So it’s complicated to go ‘back to normal’ after a global shutdown. 

“I really hope I could have some new ALMA data on my laptop by the end of 2021.”

Beyond the TRICEPS project, Lelli also points out that both the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) — set to launch later this year — and the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) — currently under construction in the Atacama Desert — could allow astronomers to observe primordial galaxies at different wavelengths. Crucially, this will allow them to directly study the light emitted by their stellar components. “This may allow us to time more precisely the first epoch of galaxy formation.”

Wardlow adds that because light doesn’t travel infinitely fast, when astronomers look at distant galaxies they are seeing them as they were in the past, often billions of years ago as is the case with ALESS 073.1. “So the light that’s been detected from ALESS 073.1 started its journey 12.5 billion years ago,” She concludes. “By now ALESS 073.1 will be even more evolved and probably bears very little resemblance to what we’ve detected. 

“By observing distant galaxies it’s like we’re time-travelling back to near the beginning of the Universe to solve the mysteries of how everything in our lives came to be.”

Sources

• Lelli. F., Di Teodoro. E. M., Fraternali. F., et al, ‘A Massive Stellar Bulge in a Regularly Rotating Galaxy 1.2 Billion Years After the Big Bang,’ Science,[2021],

[https://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.abc1893]

• Wardlow. J., ‘Speedy galaxy evolution,’ Science, [2021],

[https://science.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.abg2907]

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{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

'UFO Witness' Episode 11: Did Betty and Barney Hill really see humanoid aliens before claiming to be abducted?

Their abductors, they said, were 'nearly human' and had dark huge eyes, noses, and black hair as well. Their skin was gray

By Aharon Abhishek

Betty Hill experienced dreams with such incredible detailing that she actually wrote them down

(Getty Images)

Alien abduction tales and theories are a dime a dozen, but some have remained an enigma to date. The "Betty and Barney Hill's Alien Abduction" story on a September 1961 night has been one of those stories that have defined the whole abduction genre. Soon after, this incident was named the 'Zeta Reticuli Incident' after the couple claimed their aliens were from the Zeta Reticuli system. The story, like most famed alien tales, also saw its place in pop culture in the form of a 1975 flick, 'The UFO Incident'.

Now, the events of the abduction will be examined again. This time, Discovery+ will reopen the chapter as part of its show, 'UFO Witness'. The final episode titled, 'The Hybrid Secret' will explore the possibility of the alien-human breeding program and also looks at the Betty and Barney incident as one of the important links.

A look at the recount by both Betty and Barney sees them describe their abductors as gray beings with large eyes. These extraterrestrials had walked the couple into a metallic disc that was as wide as their house. The couple's memories were reportedly erased. To date, there is no doubt the story has been looked at as a mystery and absolute balderdash.

According to History, Betty with the help of hypnosis recounts how the couple was experimented upon. The beings as they called them removed their clothes, took strands of their hair, clipped nails, and also scraped their skin. Their heads, arms, and legs along with their spines were probed by needles that were connected to long wires. One of them was inserted into her belly. And all the while, a "leader" of the beings was keenly observing the experiments. 

A look at the recount by both Betty and Barney sees them describe their abductors as gray beings with large eyes

(Wikimedia)

Did the Hills actually see humanoid aliens?

Although Betty's account pretty much leaves a lot to the readers' imagination, thinking of the aliens with a human structure might not be too much of a stretch. Barney, in his report to National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) investigator Walter Webb, said the "beings were somehow not human." There are, of course, two explanations— fragged memory and the possibility that they weren't humans, or at least they didn't look like a normal human being.

Soon after their reports of being abducted, Betty experienced dreams with such incredible detailing that she actually wrote them down. Two small men walking her into the forest in one of her writings. Barney followed suit, although she describes him to be dazed and practically sleepwalking. The men reportedly stood about five feet and all wore matching blue uniforms. They were "nearly human" and had dark huge eyes, noses, and black hair as well. Their skin was gray. 

Naturally, there was no way this could be proved. And especially not the part where she even dreamt of speaking to the extraterrestrial she termed as the leader. "if you don’t know where you are, there wouldn’t be any point in telling you where I am," the being had said in response to her question where the craft was.

Was this pretty much her subconscious thoughts? Was it hallucinations? We'll never know.

Perhaps, 'The Hybrid Secret' will provide some much-needed answers, or at least new theories and insights. The official synopsis reads: "Evidence of a possible extraterrestrial breeding program sends Ben Hansen to the Bay Area, San Francisco, California, in search of answers about alien-human hybrids. He suspects there may be a link to the Betty and Barney Hill case, one of the world's most famous abduction stories."

• The episode streams February 11, 2021, on Discovery+

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{ https://meaww.com/ }

According to NASA, one of the best ways to find alien life on other planets is to look for pollution in their atmosphere – specifically nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2).

Ravi Kopparapu, who works at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and is the lead author of the study, explained this further, “On Earth, most of the nitrogen dioxide is emitted from human activity — combustion processes such as vehicle emissions and fossil-fueled power plants,” adding, “In the lower atmosphere (about 10 to 15 kilometers or around 6.2 to 9.3 miles), NO2 from human activities dominate compared to non-human sources. Therefore, observing NO2 on a habitable planet could potentially indicate the presence of an industrialized civilization.”

With more than 4,000 exoplanets found so far, experts are eager to find out if any of them host other civilizations but since they are so far away from us, the only way we can search for signs of life is with powerful telescopes that can find out what’s in their atmospheres.

One sign of life would be the presence of combined gases in their atmosphere, such as oxygen and methane. Additionally, a gas such as NO2 may indicate that there is some type of technology on the planet that is creating it (this is called a technosignature).

Jacob Haqq-Misra, who works at the Blue Marble Institute of Science in Seattle, Washington, and is a co-author of the study, noted that previous research focused on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as potential technosignatures since biology can’t produce it. “…However, CFCs are very specific manufactured chemicals that might not be prevalent elsewhere; NO2, by comparison, is a general byproduct of any combustion process,” he explained.

Their research focused in part on how much NO2 pollution could be detected with our telescopes and after extensive studies, they were able to determine that if an intelligent civilization living on an Earth-like exoplanet that orbits a sun-like star were to produce as much NO2 as Earth, it could be detected as far as 30 light-year away with approximately 400 hours of data focused solely on that planet.

That’s a good start, but considering our closest star relatives are located in the Alpha Centauri system which is a bit more than 4 light-years away from us and our entire galaxy is approximately 100,000 light-years across, we will definitely need more powerful telescopes.

There are a few complications with this new information, such as figuring out if the NO2 on other planets are produced naturally or created by another civilization. “If we observe NO2 on another planet, we will have to run models to estimate the maximum possible NO2 emissions one could have just from non-industrial sources. If we observe more NO2 than our models suggest is plausible from non-industrial sources, then the rest of the NO2 might be attributed to industrial activity. Yet there is always a possibility of a false positive in the search for life beyond Earth…,” explained Giada Arney from NASA Goddard and who is another co-author of the study.

Furthermore, if there are clouds or aerosols in an exoplanet’s atmosphere, the wavelengths may falsely appear as NO2. While much more work needs to be done, this is a very interesting step in possibly finding alien civilizations on other planets.

• The study was published in arXiv where it can be read in full.

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 { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

The world of alien abductions and UFOs has many of what are called “contactees.” These are the rare individuals who, for whatever reasons, seem to have been singled out by these inscrutable alien entities for sustained contact. Such contact can range from the benign to the downright terrifying, and can forever change these people’s lives in many ways. On such contactee has chosen to reach out to me personally to tell her story, and it is a tale that will be unveiled here in full for the first time. Here we will go down the path of a lifetime of very weird experiences that alternate between the weird, the horrific, the fascinating, and the awe-inspiring.

Laura Clarke, now 62 years old, was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and during her childhood didn’t stay in one place for long. Her father Al was in the Army and her, her sister Barb, and her mom Jo moved often from base to base, going from Fort Benning, Georgia, then Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, and finally to Fairbanks, Alaska. It in Alaska where she would begin down the road into her bizarre odyssey into the world of UFOs, alien abductions, and high strangeness. It first began the summer after a big earthquake had hit Anchorage in 1963, and Alaska was in the midst of one of its periods of perpetual daylight. One this evening it was bright as day outside, and her mother put her and Barb to bed, closing the think blinds of the room to keep the never-ending sunlight out. It was as the two young girls were lying in the gloom that the night would take a turn into the outlandish, and she would experience her first abduction. Laura says of what happened:

One night my sister, Barbara, was already asleep in the bed next to me. My parents had gone to bed too, and all was quiet. As I lay there trying to sleep I suddenly noticed a figure out in the hall move past my door towards the window. I assumed it was Mom. But then someone pulled back the curtain and light flooded the hallway. When this happened I saw several small, thin, light grey “people” with large black, slanted eyes, staring into my room. I was surprised and just stared back at them. I had never seen anything like them before. The most we were allowed to watch on TV was Romper Room and cartoons. I looked at Barb and she was sound asleep. Our twin beds were pushed together and I was closest to the window. Then I watched as an invisible force pulled the covers off her and she floated out of bed and into a standing position. Her eyes were still closed. Then I felt myself being floated off my bed and into a standing position. Barb was floated, upright, hovering a few inches above the floor out of the room and towards the stairs. I was also moved this way towards the stairs.

The thin grey “people” moved around us, and one accompanied each of us. As I was positioned at the top of the stairs I knew I had to move my legs to step down and I found myself making bicycle motions with my legs as I tried to go downstairs. Suddenly the first voice I heard was coming from the one next to me. His mouth did not move, but I heard his thoughts. He said “You don’t have to do that, we will do it for you.” So I stopped moving my legs and felt that I was being floated downstairs without ever touching the steps. As we floated slowly through the living room my sister and a grey disappeared around the corner into the kitchen. I realized that these “people” were shorter than my Mom, who was 5’2″ tall. My Dad was 6’2″ tall, so I knew what a difference in height was. I then asked him “Are you people like us?” He answered “No. We are Non Human Living Beings.” After that I do not remember anything more about that experience, except that from that day on Barbara was never the same again. She became an angry, defensive, stubborn, brat to put it bluntly.

Laura would keep this experience to herself for many years, feeling as if she was “not supposed to tell anyone,” and it would not be until decades later that she would learn from her sister that she had indeed been awake during the incident. Unfortunately for her, this was not to be the last strange experience the family would endure. After her father left the military, he got a job in Corrections as a Personnel Director, and the family would move from place to place every year or two. At one point they found themselves living in Davenport, Iowa, and it was here where Laura would have her second abduction experience. She explains of what happened:

When we first moved to Iowa I had my second abduction experience. I was about 7. We lived in a brand new housing development in Davenport, Iowa. Our house butted up against a deep ravine. On the other side was the elementary school. Our small backyard had a swing set between the house and ravine. One night I was suddenly aware that I was outside floating through the air in the dark. I was coming down towards the back yard. I could see the roof and swing set below me next to the ravine. I was moved in the direction of our back sliding glass door. Next thing I knew, I was rudely woken up by a very hard painful slap on my behind. My parents NEVER spanked me so I tensed up in fear and layed there holding as still as I could. I became aware that I was on top of my blankets, on my stomach, with my nightgown pulled up above my waist. I was thankful my underwear was still on, but I felt very exposed and vulnerable in the glow of the nightlight. Then I heard a strange sound. I knew my Mom’s normal footsteps in her leather loafers, but this was not her. What I heard was as if someone was holding her tiny size 5 shoes in their hands and slapping them on the floor in a fake walking sound.

I listened as it moved out of my room, into the short hall, and into my parent’s room. I heard their closet door slide open and the shoes were dropped loudly and the door slid shut. A few seconds later I became really scared when I heard 2 robotic mechanical sounding “voices” having a conversation in the hall between the bedrooms. You have to remember this was before home computers, before push button phones and all of that! 1965…this was nothing I had ever heard before. It was all kinds of beeps and tones. One would beep, boop, ding…there’d be a pause…and the other would boop, ding, beep, click and whirring sound…like a weird mechanical conversation. I was terrified. After that stopped I still lay there for a long time until I saw the sun coming up. I got up some nerve and scrambled up under my covers and turned on my back so I could see if anything was coming at me. I saw my sister sound asleep in her bed across the room.

This is very terrifying stuff for a 7-year-old girl, and for weeks afterward she was jumpy, nervous, constantly looking behind her and peeking out the sliding glass door. Her mother noticed her odd behavior, but Laura refused to tell of what had happened due to that nagging feeling that she was somehow not allowed to. She explained to me that she had this unshakable sense that if she were to tell anyone, something bad would happen to her or her family. This had not been directly said to her by the entities, but it nevertheless stuck in her mind and kept her from saying a word about her experiences. It is an interesting detail, as many contactees describe a similar sensation of not being able to tell anyone what has happened to them. After that things seemed to go back to normal, and the family moved to Anamosa and then McGregor, Iowa, before finally settling in Delavan, Wisconsin. It was here where she would have her most intense and terrifying experience yet. It happened in 1967 when she was 9 years old, on an otherwise warm and pleasant evening at her quaint rural home. She says of the otherworldly series of events that would unfold:

This is where my most intense abduction happened up to that point. Our lives were very simple, boring almost, except for these random abductions. It was about 1967, when I was 9. We lived in a 2 story house with a one car garage and narrow driveway close to the house next door. All of the abductions seem to happen in the warmer months. One night I was woken up by an extremely bright white light. I thought at first they installed a new street light, because it was not at all like sunshine. But then I heard a voice. It sounded like an almost “electronic” little girls voice. It was high pitched and horribly echoed in my room. It said “Isn’t the light pretty? Do you want to come and play in the light?” I thought, “No I have school tomorrow”, but I got out of bed to see where the light was coming from. I went to my window which was facing the driveway. It was cracked open a couple inches for fresh air. When I looked out I realized the light was not on the street side, but coming from above our garage. I could see a very bright white beam of light coming from something above the garage roof. It was very distinct in it’s beginning and sides. I could see that the stars were blocked out in the shape of a wide circle around the beam. Maybe 25 to 30 feet across. The light came down from the very center of it.

As I was trying to figure out what this was I felt my body start to kind of tingle and then I realized that my whole body was vibrating apart. It literally felt as if every cell in my body was being vibrated apart from each other and I felt myself slowly being moved from inside my room, literally through the glass window, wood frame and all…and put together on the other side. I was outside hanging above my driveway in mid air. Then I was pulled upward towards the bottom of the black circle, to the left of the beam of light. I remember being raised up into a sort of hatch over to the left side of the beam of light. I could see the side wall to my left. I was turned to the right and moved down a long curving hallway. The entire place was made of some kind of silver metal. The hallway had a flat floor, but the wall to my right curved like an arch so that if you went too far to the right you would hit your head. The hall curved around towards the left too, as if you were walking in a large circle. As I was floated alone down this long hall, I passed by several doorways. No doors were visible, but I could see each room was pie shaped, like a slice of pie. Narrow on the opposite side from the doorway, but flat like a bite was taken off the end. So as I came to about the 3rd doorway I saw ahead of me a bigger room that opened up into what looked like a control room with small seats and some sort of dials and gauges and small screens or something. Before I could take it all in, I was turned into the last of the small rooms to my left. It was pie shaped like the others but had a small metal looking exam table like in a doctors office. I was laid on this table. Then I realized that several of the same grey beings I had seen at 5 years old were moving into the room and surrounding me. I got a little scared by then, but somehow felt like “it’s THEM”…somehow familiar.

As if this wasn’t all eerie and frightening enough as it was, Laura explains that she then became suddenly aware of a presence in the room there with them that she describes as “completely evil,” and although her body was completely paralyzed, she was able to move her head enough to look around to some degree and try to pinpoint where this feeling of utter dread was coming from. She then saw two of the grey beings flanking a completely different type of entity, this one being decidedly non-humanoid, standing about 6 feet tall and which looked like a praying mantis, only completely black in color. She felt it was somehow their leader, and this abomination utterly repelled her and filled her with a sharp dread unlike anything she had ever experienced before. Just as the wave of terror threatened to overwhelm her, panels on the walls at that moment filled with a soft blue light that reminded her of fish tanks stacked on top of each other and had an instantly calming effect on her. However, her ordeal was not over yet, and she says of what happened next:

Awhile later a figure appeared in the doorway. As I turned my head to the right, I was amazed to see a little girl grey being. She was smaller, maybe 3 1/2 feet tall, but had long, very thin and wispy black hair. Her eyes were slanted and all black but a little smaller than the others. I was not afraid of her and somehow felt she was telling me she was my “sister”…and she even looked more “like me” than my real sister. Barbara had short light dirty blonde hair with blue eyes, a turned-up nose and round face. I had long black hair and olive-green eyes. Somehow, I felt this grey being was in fact genetically my sister. I wondered if my parents had also been taken by the greys in the past? Later I was brought back into my bedroom, again by moving right through the window itself. I was floated onto my bed, stomach down. My body was then pulled by the invisible force into a certain position. I was then told that I WOULD have trouble sleeping from now on, and I should put myself in this position from then on to help me fall asleep. I have had to do this ever since, and have been plagued by severe insomnia for the rest of my life.

Indeed, Laura has told me that this incident in particular has caused her myriad health issues that plague her to this day, such as the insomnia, as well as her eyes suddenly shaking from left to write and her left foot occasionally dragging as if not responding to her. At the time she also became morose and had anxiety about the praying mantis, and her mind constantly raced trying to make sense of it all. She found herself fascinated by these beings and daydreamed constantly at school about them, to the detriment of her grades and homework. After this third abduction incident, Laura felt like she wanted to tell her parents about it more than ever, but had that nagging feeling that she shouldn’t, that unspoken command that to do so would mean bad things. However, this time she overrode that irresistible urge to keep it to herself and told them, but they told her it was just bad dreams. Yet even as they told her it was all in her head, she suspected somehow that her mother knew more than she was letting on, and this would turn out to not be the last of her strange journey. Laura’s next abduction happened some years later, when she was 14 years old. At the time her parents were now divorced, and she was living at her father’s house in Wheeling, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, along with her sister Barb. On this evening things had started very normally, with Laura getting ready to go to bed and listen to a radio program she had been looking forward to. She got up to go to the bathroom to brush her teeth and that was when she noticed something odd. She explains:

I was wide awake and went into the bathroom to get ready. But as I opened my bedroom door to go back in my room, I noticed my light was off, which was strange. I knew I’d left it on. As I stepped into my room and closed the door, I suddenly became very weak and tired. It hit me like a ton of bricks. I stumbled over to my bed and fell into it. I thought, what is going on? I laid on my back and noticed that my closet light was on but the folding doors were shut. I knew that was not right. Then I watched as one of the doors to the closet slid open. I thought my sister must be trying to scare me, but why was I so weak and tired? Then I saw who was in the closet and my heart sank. It was a grey. “They” had found me again. I passed out, and the next thing I remember was floating over the condo buildings in the dark and down towards our front door.

I don’t remember what happened the rest of the night until they brought me back. That’s what pisses me off about these experiences. I hate not remembering things. So they brought me back into the trailer as the sun was just coming up. They had come at 10 pm when Lance walked to bed and now it was sunrise. I was aware of floating back through the door, and down the hall towards the bedroom. I noticed my clothes were all stuck to me like I was vacuum sealed, and I felt very cold and clammy. When I was brought to the bedroom, they set me down on the floor and I could feel the invisible force leave me and my clothes fell away from my body again like the vacuum suction had left. I was standing there realizing that the trees were suddenly blowing around the trailer like a huge wind came up. Then I heard helicopters coming from a distance. I remember thinking “I need a witness. Someone who can confirm this.” Then the light beam shut off from above the roof and the craft moved off swiftly and the trees stopped blowing. Immediately I heard 3 low flying Helicopters follow it directly over my trailer. I did not see them, but I heard them clearly. 1,2,3…then silence. I tore my clothes off and crawled in bed exhausted. Slept hard for a good 12 hours.

Once again, she told no one of any of this, and it hung over her into her later years. It seemed for a while that the whole ordeal was over, and for years no further incidents happened. When Laura was 23 years old, she was living in a heavily wooded rural area of Ulster County, New York with her new husband, Lance, and a 2-year-old son named Morgan. Although health issues still bothered her from her experiences, she was under the impression that the worst was behind her, and that she could now live a somewhat normal life, but it seems that this was not meant to be. It happened out of nowhere one night as her and her husband were watching TV. He suddenly got up to go to bed without saying a word and proceeded to walk in a stiff, disjointed way back towards the bedroom, which was highly unusual behavior for him. Just at that moment, she was hit by the intense feeling of being watched, and with shock became convinced that the aliens were there.

Laura frantically went through the house checking that all of the doors and windows were locked, and in the meantime her husband continued in his trance-like state, lying down on the bed and falling into a deep slumber he could not be woken from. Indeed, he could not even be moved, and seemed to be in a state she describes as being as if he had been “frozen in time.” When she went to check on her son, she found him to be in the same immobile state of suspended animation. She now had no doubts that the entities had come for her once again, further corroborated by the swirling of the trees outside and a bright piercing light that lit up their entire trailer. The only sound was a low hum or drone coming from above, and then she heard a sound within the trailer itself. In a panic she made sure that the doors were locked but then she turned and explains of her next bizarre encounter:

I checked the front door and it was locked, so I turned around and was stopped in my tracks when I saw a very short being standing in my kitchen. I stared at it trying to figure out what it was. I had apparently walked right past it. This was something new I’d never seen before. It was shorter than my son and I thought that was odd. It had a very round basketball sized head with tiny black eyes. I could see no other features except that it was wearing a long sleeved white robe that covered everything else. I could see no hands or feet. I thought “My God! He’s shorter than my son!” The damn thing replied telepathically “HUH! YES, BUT WE ARE VEEERY, VEEERY OOOOOOLLLLD!” It was creepy the way he dragged out the words and sarcastically said HUH…My mouth dropped. I was shocked. I’m thinking “What? Hundreds? Thousands of years old???” I rushed over to the window near the hall and stood there staring at him. Then I heard the front door jiggle. Suddenly it opened and about 4-5 of the greys came floating into the room. They were just like the others I’d seen as a child. They all look like clones, but have very different “personalities” you could say. The way they propel themselves is strange. They are floating above the floor a few inches. They are slowly pushing their arms and legs forward as if pushing through jello. Then they stop and their arms hang down at their sides.

One of them went in front of me and headed down the hall…I thought! But suddenly he moved right in front of my face, scaring the hell out of me. The light was flooding in the window from behind me, so I was staring into this large ugly face. He was only 4 inches from me. I noticed a strong nasty smell. It was a combination of Urine and sweet spices and vomit. It made me want to throw up. Then he started playing mind games. He was trying to make me feel as if I was a worthless dog who should cower on the floor at his feet. I wanted to cry, but I thought “I am not a dog.” I looked him right in the eyes. I suddenly realized that inside the huge slanted black eyes were very large pupils! I could literally see that he had a darker centered pupil inside the blackness. Then I looked at his skin. The light grey skin looked just like rough Cowhide!!! It was not smooth. Up close it looked like you sometimes see cowhide that has been left with the wavy odd lines all through it. Then he flooded my mind with memories. It was every single abduction experience I had ever had before. Then he told me they were all connected…and all connected to THEM. I knew it already, but he made sure I knew. I knew there was no escaping so I started praying in my mind “Please God! Help me Jesus!” The grey replied “Yes. We know God too.” That scared me even more. There was no help coming. They moved me outside the trailer and I saw the light beaming down. I don’t remember what happened.

When she woke up, she found a red spot with a scab just below her belly button, and when she pulled at it popped off and seemed to be attached to a long, thin sheath of tissue that had been burrowed down into her belly. It ended up being about 5 inches long, much to her horror, and it seemed that something that had been perhaps implanted within her. She says of it:

It was as if something like a giant fat needle had been shoved deep into my belly and left a long hole. It didn’t even bleed or anything. I wrapped it in a tissue and wanted to save it as proof. Then I went to wipe myself after peeing and could not believe what I saw on the toilet paper. There was a large circle of a thick oily substance, but it was divided in half. Like a half circle of bright yellow and a half circle of bright amber orange thick oily liquid. It was as if the two could not mix. They were touching but not mixing together. I must have sat there for 10 minutes in shock, not knowing what to think or do about this. I set the tissue aside with the intention of saving it too. But then I couldn’t figure out who to take it to or who I could tell, so I just threw it all away, and went to take care of my son.

Weird incidents would continue into later years as well. Laura ended up divorcing Lance and she was married once again. At the time Morgan was 5 years old and Laura had a new child, named Rachel. One evening as she was watching TV, she says she heard a voice in her head that said “Wake up. Go to your son. He needs you.” There was an urgency to it, and a sense that something was deeply wrong, so she rushed to her son’s aid. She says of what she found there:

I couldn’t believe what I saw. Morgan was lying in bed with his head AND shoulders all the way up on his pillow. His blankets were neatly folded down covering his body from the chest down as though he had been placed that way. He was covered in blood all over his face and neck. Blood was pouring out of his nose and I could not wake him up. There was no blood on his pillow or blankets, just on him and his pajama shirt. I ran downstairs and pounded on my neighbors door. I asked her to call an ambulance because I had no phone then. Instead she followed me upstairs and acted very strange. As I ran to the bathroom to get cold wet washcloths and towels, she brought a dining chair in from the kitchen and parked herself at the head of his bed and didn’t do or say a damn thing! I was frantic and pissed off. It was almost like she was in a trance. She eventually left after I asked her again to call for help. She never did. I finally got the bleeding stopped but he didn’t wake up until morning. He seemed fine that morning and wanted to go to school. But when he got home, I asked if he remembered anything about last night? He said that he woke up and saw a “skeleton man” standing in his room so he hid under his bed, but then he was taken out of the house, along with our other neighbors’ son who was the same age. I realized it was “Them…the greys” who took the boys. I was so angry. I looked up towards the sky and thought “It’s bad enough you have taken me against my will all my life, but STAY AWAY FROM MY CHILDREN!!!!” I was so pissed. I took him to a local clinic but they couldn’t find anything in his nose or on x-ray that would cause such severe bleeding.

What was going on here? Was this another instance of these inscrutable entities haunting this poor woman and her family? The activity would cease once again, and in the meantime, Laura would fall out with her husband and move to near Albany, New York, where she lived with a friend named Jim, who would tragically pass away some years later. Laura would then meet another man, Steve, who lived with them for 10 years and is the father of her 3rd child, Ashley, and she would go on to have a 4^th child, Ricky, who would sadly develop Cerebral Palsy and be bedridden at home. She still felt that the Greys were watching over her, and occasionally had UFO sightings and suspected abductions. Her kids got married and had their own kids, she became a grandmother, and yet she would have one more strange experience. She says of this:

I heard a strange humming as I was falling asleep. I was very tired so I didn’t think anything of it and never got up to look outside. But last night my daughter, Rachel, sent me a message to call her right away. She said my granddaughter, Claire, was the last one eating at the table last night and she noticed a humming sound and saw a black ball hovering outside their house. She told them about it, and then my son in law said he’d seen it the night before! He’s like me, he’s been through so much he just keeps things to himself sometimes. They said it was all black and round, about 4-6 feet across. It had no lights visible. They saw it hovering over the stump of a giant pine tree they’d just had cut down, which is only 25 feet away from the window Claire was sitting at! And it also went over to their neighbors’ yard behind that house and came back to their yard. I am guessing it may have been outside my house two nights ago when I heard the humming…which was the same night Tim saw it. We live 2 doors away from each other. Rachel said it reminded her of the much larger black ball that she and the kids saw facing off with a helicopter about a year ago. They said that one was about as big as the helicopter. I told you guys about that event already. Also, Tim just told me that the night he saw it, he was napping on the couch and woke up when the smallest of their 3 dogs was staring out the window and growling a low growl. Usually, she barks loudly at everything. So, he turned to see what she was looking at, and saw the black ball above the tree stump. Then it hovered very slowly towards him and as soon as it got a few feet away from his window it triggered the outside flood lights to come on. So he got a good look at it, but when their shepperd/rotty mix came in the room the thing took off fast…these sightings with the black metallic ball happened in March 2020.

For now that seems to be where things stand with Laura. She is now a stay at home mother of four grown children, and is expecting her 4th grandchild. In all of my interactions with her I have found her to be a very level-headed, articulate individual who seems very convinced of what has happened to her over the course of her fascinating life. And what a life it has been. We are left to ask what is going on here. Why were these forces drawn to this poor woman? What did they want and what did they see in her? Will they be back once again? For what it’s worth, she has proven to me to be a very eloquent, level-headed witness who does not seek any fame and just merely wants to get her story out there. Whatever you may think of her tale, it is a compelling odyssey over a lifetime of alien encounters, and I am honored that she shared this with me for me to bring it out into the light.

 { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

In yesterday’s article I wrote the following concerning soul-stealing, aliens and UFOs: “[Whitley] Strieber received a response from the Visitors that offered an explanation for their connections to the soul. They told him two things. First of all, that they recycled souls, and second, that living on Earth is akin to being in a school, one in which we are learning, growing and evolving with every subsequent recycling. It’s a scenario that provokes imagery of some huge, bizarre factory, continually dispatching old souls into new bodies in almost conveyor-belt-style fashion. Perhaps, that’s exactly what is afoot – albeit in a very strange, near-unfathomable fashion that we have yet to come to grips with, or even understand.” There’s the end of the quote. Now, let’s look at further examples of this phenomenon that terrifies some and has others living in an “I can’t wait to go”-type situation. It’s hardly surprising, taking into consideration the soul-stealing angle of the abduction phenomenon, that some researchers have suggested that the Visitors are far less extraterrestrial-based and far more demonic in nature.

Moving on, there is the saga of a man named Howard Menger. He was a well-known member of that elite club known as the Contactees decades ago. They are the ones who maintain they have been contacted – sometimes in person, and on other occasions in a mind to mind situation – by benevolent “Space Brothers” from far away worlds. In the mid-1950s, so Menger claimed, his allegedly alien friends told him that not only were there positive and negative non-human entities right here on Earth, but that our planet was a “battlefield for nothing less than “men’s minds and souls [italics mine].”

Moving on, in October 1973, a significant UFO encounter occurred in the night-sky of Mansfield, Ohio. It involved the crew of a U.S. Army Reserve helicopter that briefly witnessed – at very close quarters – a large, gray-colored, cylinder-shaped object. In the wake of the encounter something very strange happened: the crew was quietly contacted by government sources that asked a lot of intriguing questions that are central to the theme of this chapter. Sgt. John Healey, one of the crew-members, later said: “As time would go by, the Pentagon would call us up and ask us: ‘Well, has this incident happened to you since the occurrence?’ And in two of the instances that I recall, what they questioned me, was, number one: have I ever dreamed of body separation? And I have. I dreamed that I was dead in bed and that my spirit or whatever, was floating, looking down at me lying dead in bed.”

Then there is the intriguing story of Paul Inglesby, the author of UFOs and the Christian. Just one year before the Second World War broke out in 1939, Inglesby (alias “Eric”), who died in 2010,went down with a very serious case of malaria. So serious was it that for a while Inglesby perilously hovered in that mysterious domain between life and death. It was while in this limbo-like state that Inglesby had a frightening dream. Years later, he recalled how it all went down: it was an undetermined time in the Earth’s future and UFO-like craft were soaring across the fire-and smoke-filled skies of our ruined, radioactive planet and launching nuclear missiles at our major cities – killing billions and causing planet-wide destruction. The UFOs were not piloted by extraterrestrials, though, but by demonic entities whose goal was to suck out the souls of those killed in the fiery inferno, which was rapidly overwhelming the Earth and just about everything on it. For Inglesby, it was quite literally a wake-up call. The malaria cleared up, Inglesby came out of his unconscious state, and he spent the rest of his life pursuing a career in the church and warning people to avoid the UFO issue.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

Concentration of Small Black Holes Discovered

Scientists were expecting to find an intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of the globular cluster NGC 6397, but instead they found evidence of a concentration of smaller black holes lurking there.

Credit: Directed by: Bethany Downer and Nico Bartmann, Editing: Nico Bartmann, Web and technical support: Encisco Systems, Written by: Bethany Downer. Music: STAN DART – The Tower of Darkness (Music written and performed by STAN DART), Footage and photos: ESA/Hubble, N. Bartmann

Credit: ESA/Hubble Space Telescope

When Eduardo Vitral and Gary A. Mamon of the Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris set out to study the core of NGC 6397, they expected to find evidence for an “intermediate-mass” black hole (IMBH). These are smaller than the supermassive black holes that lie at the cores of large galaxies, but larger than stellar-mass black holes formed by the collapse of massive stars. IMBH are the long-sought “missing link” in black hole evolution and their mere existence is hotly debated, although a few candidates have been found (see [1], for example).

To look for the IMBH, Vitral and Mamon analysed the positions and velocities of the cluster’s stars. They did this using previous estimates of the stars’ proper motions [2] from Hubble images of the cluster spanning several years [3], in addition to proper motions provided by ESA’s Gaia space observatory, which precisely measures the positions, distances and motions of stars. Knowing the distance to the cluster allowed the astronomers to translate the proper motions of these stars into velocities.

“Our analysis indicated that the orbits of the stars are close to random throughout the globular cluster, rather than systematically circular or very elongated,” explained Mamon.

“We found very strong evidence for invisible mass in the dense central regions of the cluster, but we were surprised to find that this extra mass is not point-like but extended to a few percent of the size of the cluster,” added Vitral.

[2] Proper motion describes how fast objects move in the sky.

[3] The Hubble data for this study were provided by A. Bellini, who measured the proper motions for over 1.3 million stars in 22 globular clusters, including NGC 6397.
More information

The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.

The team of astronomers in this study consists of E. Vitral and G. A. Mamon. The results have been published today in Astronomy & Astrophysics.
 
Contacts and sources: 

• Bethany Downer, ESA/Hubble Chief Communications Officer
• Eduardo Vitral, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris
• Dr. Gary A. Mamon, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris 

Publication: 

• http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039650

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UFO Shoots Past Reporter On RT News, Feb 13, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Feb 13, 2021
Location of sighting: Russia
Source video: 

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fi-sJUWUgJo

If you watch this RT News broadcast, you will notice two dark oval objects fly past. The objects seem to be flying so close they are almost stacked one upon the other. They are moving incredibly fast and I put it into slow motion at the end of the video to see them better. Sorry, no sound, only 15 seconds of no sound, and I didn't want to add cometary for that short of a section. But honestly, it looks like aliens are trying to show up on the news. Ever since Obama was sworn in at the National monument where CNN was broadcasting and they noticed an incredibly small and fast object shoot past behind them...more and more news casts are getting UFOs flying in the backgrounds...not by accident, but on purpose to expose the public to the truth slowly. It seems aliens are taking serous steps at getting caught in the news live broadcasts.

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Aliens Craft With Face Peering Out Seen Near Power Lines Over Puerto Rico, 9-18-2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: 9-18-2020

Location of sighting: San Juan, Puerto Rico

Source: MUFON 113649

 

This UFO report came from Puerto Rico and did occur last year, but was reported today to MUFON. As I looked deeply into the photos, I noticed the object appeared at first to be a crinkled paper bag, but the screenshot above destroys that theory. The object above looks nothing like a bag, and defiantly not made of paper at all. 

 

Also there is a pinkish face peeping out of the object, and in other screenshots the face also has a small body. I believe this object has a living pilot flying it. Meaning its not an alien drone, but a real alien spaceship. Small be it, but nevertheless a piloted craft. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Purple spheres recorded over North Carolina On Dec 11, 2020, photos, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: December 11, 2020 05:07pm
Location of sighitng: Charlotte, North Carolina, USA

Source: MUFON 113664

Eyewitness recorded several purple orbs flying past the plane window by accident. The UFOs are all separate, but flying in a pattern as if they work together as one. I don't think this is a lens flare or light reflection off the window. Though my years of reporting UFOs, the one most common time UFOs are seen is during sunset, probably because more people looking at the sky at that time to see the sunset itself. But I also think the suns rays at a low point can actually shine up from below the UFO illumination it, even if its cloaked, so some UFOs are visible for a few seconds to a few minutes during sunset. That is what happened here.

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

Eyewitness states:

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

On 2021/02/03 Stereo A EUVI 304 probe captured the first object firing a beam of light into space. One day later on 2021/02/04 a second object firing a beam of light into space caught by Stereo A EUVI 195 probe 

Both objects, possible alien spacecraft, are similar to the giant UFO that fired two beams into space, captured on January 16, 2021 by the Stereo A EUVI 171 probe. 

They say that these anomalies are cosmic rays, charged particles but do these objects really look like cosmic rays or charged particles?

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

UFOs filmed over Dubai 2021

Filmed over Dubai, a city and emirate in the United Arab Emirates in late January 2021.

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One of the most gruesome, sinister, and completely intriguing of phenomena connected to the phenomenon of UFOs is that of the dark world of cattle mutilations. By some accounts, for some reason, it seems that whatever is behind these strange lights in the sky also has a liking for targeting various livestock for some impromptu surgery and mutilation, often ending up with carcasses that show a variety of strange features such as almost selectively missing organs, strangely precise cuts, a lack of deterioration, and no rotting stench pervading the area. It has been an ongoing phenomenon occurring all over the United States, and one strange spate of such incidents happened only very recently in the U.S. state of Oregon.

Strange cases of cattle mutilations in the state of Oregon have been going on for some time, since back in the 1980s, when ranchers in the area began reporting cattle that had been mysteriously killed and drained completely of blood and sometimes with udders missing and displaying no scavenger activity. This all slipped under the radar at the time, but in 2019 there began a wave of such cattle killings that have left ranchers and law enforcement officials reeling and looking for answers. In the summer of 2019, a remote ranch in rural Oregon called Silvies Valley Ranch me with some rather inexplicable events. Over that summer, five young prize purebred bulls mysteriously began showing up dead all over the place. The corpses were found to be drained of blood, with the tongues and genitals removed with surgical precision, and there was no indication as to what had actually killed them. These were huge, powerful animals, yet there was no sign of a struggle and it seemed as if there were no bullet holes or dart marks. Strangely, there were found no signs of damage caused by buzzards, coyotes or other scavengers, and it was soon found that just two years before there had been a cow that had similarly showed up dead and bloodless on the nearby ranch of a Andie Davies, in New Princeton, Oregon. It was completely perplexing, as these were all strong, healthy bulls, and one livestock extension agent for Oregon State University Extension Service by the name of Scott Duggan would say of it:

I’d be a liar if I didn’t say it had us all pretty stumped. Our first thought was poisonous plants. Lupine was really prevalent this spring… but killing a bull is no small feat. I believe that someone killed the bulls. Death of healthy cattle on rangelands is normally due to one of three situations. These are: 1. Naturally occurring causes such as poisonous plants and unfortunate circumstances/accidents such as drowning, lightning, etc.; 2. Predation (wolves, cougars, bears, etc.) and; 3. Humans killing for fun, rituals, food, etc. The time of year that the bulls were killed, and the locations of the animals where they died would make it highly unlikely that this was due to poisonous plants. Also, it does not appear to be predation, based on the condition of the bulls. This leaves human causes as the most likely explanation in my opinion. It’s got to be some group doing some strange ritual. Human activity certainly seems possible. It is absolutely the strangest thing ever. How somebody put these bulls on the ground at what would be arguably a fairly close range — and to do it in a way that didn’t leave any signs, no trace evidence, no footprints, no struggle marks from the animal, no broken limbs — I have no idea.

That same year, another central Oregon ranch near Hampton, Oregon, owned by a Stephen Roth, had a similar predicament, when five of his own cattle turned up dead and mutilated in the same way, all found within 1.5 miles of each other and with no tracks found around any of the carcasses. It was alarming enough that ranch hands were armed and told to travel in pairs, but as to who or what had killed these massive animals, no one knew. The Roths manage about 87,000 acres of holding around 1,000 head of cattle, but none of them had ever seen anything like this. In one case a cow was found with the heart, tongue, udder, vagina and anus being cut from it, in every case with expert, surgical precision. In none of the cases was the cause of death determined, with no signs of dart punctures, no bullets, no strangulation marks, no rope burns, no tire tracks, no signs of poison. A friend of the Roths and expert tracker, Gary Bishop, would go to the site of the killings and say of the state of the corpses:

It’s obvious an animal didn’t do it. I think whomever is responsible relies on the fact that we are so rural that they can’t get the animal to a vet for a forensic exam fast enough. When an animal is killed hunting, usually you gut it right on site so you can move it. You can see that disturbance on the ground. The person that’s doing this is getting away with this, but is very efficient at it. They’ve been doing it a long time or they are in a trade that they know how to skin an animal. To be able to cut through skin and hide without getting into the belly, takes a lot of skill and precision. It kind of creeped me out. I definitely think it was someone, a pretty sick person. It wasn’t an animal. No animal can cut skin around a belly like that.

There were some other creepy details as well, such as one ranch hand allegedly getting severely ill after touching one of the carcasses, something no one else had done. The mutilations continued into 2020, when a cow was found by rancher Fee Stubblefield near Ukiah in Umatilla County, with its tongue, glands and sex organs cleanly cut off and a piece of its ear placed on its neck. At no point was there any evidence of blood at all, and the whole thing seemed to have been drained dry. None of this is good news, not only because it is creepy, but some of these cattle are worth big money. What was doing this here in Oregon and in other places? Was this people spiting the ranchers? Was it cultists or even aliens, as have been suggested? One Dan Jenkins, a deputy with the Harney County Sheriff’s Office, has said of the various takes on the phenomena:

A lot of people lean toward the aliens. One caller had told us to look for basically a depression under the carcass. ‘Cause he said that the alien ships will kinda beam the cow up and do whatever they are going to do with it. Then they just drop them from a great height. Another person told us we should run like a Geiger counter type thing around the animal and guarantees that there would be radiation there. And the number one on the list there, he thinks it’s the North Vietnamese army.

It is hard to know what to make of such cases, or why they should happen in a wave in this one area. The questions we are left with are largely the same we are given with any strange cattle mutilation case. What is behind this? How could someone so decisively take down a cow or a bull and then drain its blood and surgically remove certain organs? Why would they do such a thing and who is it to begin with? Is this pranksters, aliens, or as skeptics have suggested just an anomalous combination of the natural decomposition process mixed with the work of scavengers? No one really seems to know for sure, but we do know one thing, and that is that the phenomenon of cattle mutilations has continued on to stoke the imagination and inspire debate.

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When Whitley Strieber’s Communion book was published back in 1987, it became a huge hit. And, not just with the UFO research community, but with entire swathes of the public, too. Even the mainstream media paid the book a great deal of attention – in part, due to the fact that Strieber was already a very successful writer of atmospheric, thought-provoking horror fiction. His 1978 novel, The Wolfen, for example, was made into a successful movie in 1980. The massive attention shown to Communion was something that ufologists had seldom seen before. If ever. Largely, the UFO community speaks to itself and to no-one else. Strieber changed all that, and practically almost overnight. And Strieber changed something else, too. Take a look.

Whereas most authors of books on the subject of alien abductions, in the 1980s, focused solely on the extraterrestrial scientists are here to steal our DNA angle, Strieber did not. Certainly, Strieber dug deep into this particular issue; however, he certainly did not shy away from some of the far more controversial aspects of his own experiences with what he termed not aliens or extraterrestrials, but as the Visitors. It was a term Strieber used for a very good reason: he was not at all sure that his captors were alien – in the way we interpret the word, at least. Perhaps, he suggested, they represented something so strange that they are completely beyond our current comprehension. As Strieber noted, the Visitors had a deep interest in the human soul; that one solitary part of us which, billions believe, never dies.

Whitley Strieber

Not long after Communion hit the bookshelves, Strieber revealed that as a result of the phenomenal number of letters that had reached him, he was able to definitively state that the human soul was inextricably linked to the abduction puzzle. In his 1988 book Transformation, which was a direct follow-up to Communion, Strieber related a number of traumatic encounters involving abductees who felt that the Visitors / Greys had the ability to extract the immortal, human soul from the physical body. Not only that, they did so on numerous, regular occasions.

Strieber received a response from the Visitors that offered an explanation for their connections to the soul. They told him two things. First of all, that they recycled souls, and second, that living on Earth is akin to being in a school, one in which we are learning, growing and evolving with every subsequent recycling. It’s a scenario that provokes imagery of some huge, bizarre factory, continually dispatching old souls into new bodies in almost conveyor-belt-style fashion. Perhaps, that’s exactly what is afoot – albeit in a very strange, near-unfathomable fashion that we have yet to come to grips with, or even understand.

Strieber was not the only one who came to realize that the alien abduction phenomenon was much weirder than most had imagined – maybe even weirder than most could ever imagine. One of them was the aforementioned Harvard-based Professor John E. Mack. Echoing Strieber’s words to a notable degree, Mack said that of the many and varied abductees he had helped and counseled, some felt that the entities they encountered were nothing less than soul-stealers. In his Passport to the Cosmos book, Mack described the story of an alien abductee named Greg. In Mack’s own words, “Greg told me that the terror of his encounters with certain reptilian beings was so intense that he feared being separated from his soul. ‘If I were to be separated from my soul,’ he said, ‘I would not have any sense of being. I think all my consciousness would go. I would cease to exist.'”

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My recent article on the Betty and Barney Hill “alien abduction” incident of September 1961 provoked quite a bit of feedback at Facebook and at my blog. So, with that in my mind, I thought I would share with you some of the primary figures in the abduction field from the 1970s onward. The person who largely, and almost single-handedly, kick-started the first part of this story of genetic manipulation of the Human Race by advanced extraterrestrials, was a Virginia-born painter named Budd Hopkins. It was Hopkins’ 1981 book, Missing Time, which really set the cat among the pigeons, even though Hopkins had been working in the field in the 1970s. The abduction stories of Betty and Barney Hill, Travis Walton, Herbert Schirmer, and Charles Hickson and Calvin Parker were undeniably fascinating and they most assuredly made the UFO research community sit up and take notice of something astounding: people were being kidnapped and subjected to intrusive and frightening medical procedures by creatures from other worlds. There is, however, an important issue that needs to be stressed, and which demonstrates how and why the sheer scale of the alien abduction phenomenon remained under-appreciated until Hopkins was on the scene in the late 70s and early 80s.

Budd Hopkins

The Hill case occurred in 1961. Herbert Schirmer was taken on board a UFO in 1967. Hickson and Parker’s abduction was in 1973. And Travis Walton was taken in 1975. That’s just four cases across fourteen years. Yes, there were other, less well profiled, abductions throughout that time period; but, the image that these incidents provoked was one which suggested abductions were things that occurred only now and again. For many, it was not a case of aliens routinely abducting people on a regular basis, all across the planet. Well, actually…it was. But it was Hopkins, whose abduction research began in 1976 that we have to thank for demonstrating that what appeared to be a few, random events was actually nothing of the sort. For Hopkins it was a downright epidemic.

More disturbing, Hopkins’ work showed that, in many cases, abductions did not begin when people matured and were adults. They commenced in the formative years of childhood and very often ran through numerous generations of the same families. In some cases, Hopkins found, people were being implanted with small devices – for purposes that no-one could ascertain. Maybe they were designed to tag people, allowing the ETs to track the abductees throughout their lives, and no matter where they might relocate to on the planet. A far more sinister theory was that the implants were designed to do nothing less than alter the behavior of the abductees. In no time at all, the days of Betty and Barney Hill were overthrown by fears of alien-orchestrated Manchurian Candidates and hypnotically-controlled abductees.

Hopkins’ early work, as published in Missing Time in 1981, also sowed the seeds for something else: a deep and nagging suspicion that part of the alien abduction agenda – and, just perhaps, all of it – was based around matters of a reproductive nature. Hopkins asked of this issue: “What if the UFO occupants are taking something from their captives?” He answered his own question with the following: “We may indeed possess something – a natural resource, an element, a genetic structure – that an alien culture might desire to use, for example, as raw material.”  Hopkins may well have been right on target with his references to a “genetic structure” and “raw material.” Hopkins’ book proved to be a major talking point within the field of Ufology and firmly set the scene for what was to follow.

Budd Hopkins continued to intensively investigate alien abduction claims in the 1980s, and to the extent that a clear pattern of DNA fingerprinting, the extraction of ova and sperm from abductees, and suspicions of a massive, alien-driven operation to use the Human Race in some huge, genetics-driven program took firm shape. It was, however, in 1987, that matters really came to a head. In that year, Hopkins’ follow-up book, Intruders, was published, and which told the story of alien abductee Kathie Davies. It was a book that reinforced the scenarios detailed in Missing Time. Hopkins continued his research and died in 2011.

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The 1990s saw the alien abduction phenomenon reach positively stratospheric proportions. Much of this was as a result of two men: John E. Mack, M.D. and David M. Jacobs, Ph.D. It must be said, however, that they brought very different concepts and thoughts to the table. Mack, a Pulitzer-Prize-winning author (of a book on T.E. Lawrence, better known as Lawrence of Arabia) who was killed in 2004, in London, England, by a drunk driver, on a dark Saturday night, penned two books that left a big mark on 1990s-era Ufology. Their titles: Abduction and Passport to the Cosmos. Certainly, one of the chief reasons why Mack’s books became such talking points wasn’t just because of their subject-matter. It was because Mack was a Harvard Medical School professor – and he was talking about alien abductions from the perspective of them being all too shockingly real. Needless to say, it didn’t go down well with the bigwigs at Harvard, and to the extent that, in May 1994, Mack’s work in the field of alien abductions came under fire. The result, the Dean of the Harvard Medical School set up a group to carefully assess the nature of clinical care given by Mack to his growing body of abductees. The conclusions of the group were damning.

Dr John E. Mack, pioneering researcher of the abduction phenomenon.

Nevertheless, Mack retained his standing at Harvard and continued his abduction-based work until the time of his death. Where Mack differed from so many other UFO researchers that were studying the phenomenon, was from the perspective of the spiritual nature of certain abduction events. Mack held the view that there was a deep spiritual aspect to the mystery, that people were transformed – in a positive fashion – by their experiences; he noted that post-abduction they often developed concerns about the environment, they began to ponder on the matter of life after death, on karma and fate, and on the nature of the human soul, and they experienced out of body experiences and near-death events – from which they came back positively transformed. Mack said: “The abduction phenomenon seems to me to be a part of the shift in consciousness that is collapsing duality and enabling us to see that we are connected beyond the Earth at a cosmic level.”

And then there was Professor David M. Jacobs. Before were get to the matter of Jacobs, it is both important and relevant to note that the 1980s-1990s was also the period when another aspect of alien abduction lore reached its absolute pinnacle. It was the matter of what have become known as alien-human “hybrids.” Certainly, both the Antonio Villas Boas case of 1957 and the Betty and Barney Hill encounter of 1961 strongly suggested there was what we might call a “reproductive component” to abductions. Budd Hopkins’ work, showing that ova and sperm were being taken from kidnapped Americans, reinforced that particular theory even more. All of that, however, was overshadowed by the rise of the hybrids.

As the 1990s progressed, controversial, and even frightening, accounts surfaced of alien abductees encountering – usually on-board UFOs – young children that gave every appearance of being half-human and half-alien, and specifically of the “Gray” type. They looked human, but there were certain things that…were just not right. Their skin was pale, almost to the point of appearing anemic. Their limbs were thin, bony, and fragile-looking. Their eyes were overly large, and noticeably oval- or almond-shaped, exactly like those of the Grays. Their hair was thin and wispy. And it wasn’t just hybrid children that abductees reported encountering: it was hybrid fetuses, too.  In may such cases, witnesses claimed to have seen such fetuses being grown – in huge, glass tanks filled with milky liquid.

The implication was, for some, terrifying: aliens were creating creatures that resembled us (providing one did not get too close a look at them), that could pass for us, that could move among us, and that might even have an agenda of infiltrating us – and yes, I do mean that from a sinister, and potentially hostile, perspective. There is something else too: the hybrids were the undeniable modern day equivalents of the so-called “Changelings” of centuries-old Irish lore concerning fairies – things created by the wee folk and which were designed to replace babies snatched in the night and whisked away to the domain of the fairies.

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Enkele dagen geleden publiceerden wij een artikel, met daarin de theorie van David Dubyne die stelt dat we in oktober 2024 een heel bijzonder stand van de planeten hebben waardoor een extra magnetisch veld om de aarde wordt gecreëerd wat voor heftige aardveranderingen zal zorgen.

Daarnaast is hij ervan overtuigd dat we rond de kerstperiode volgend jaar een grote komeet aan de hemel kunnen waarnemen, die er zo groot uit zal zien als de maan.

Deze komeet wordt dan ook al de Blue Kachina genoemd uit de voorspellingen van de Hopi indianen en daarin wordt de Blue Kachina al vrij snel gevolgd door de Red Kachina.

Wanneer wij iets schrijven over de planeet Nibiru en de ster Nemesis is onze vaste columnist Evert Jan Poorterman er het eigenlijk standaard niet mee eens. En dat is mooi, want zo krijg je verschillende invalshoeken en als daar uiteindelijk de waarheid uit voorkomt, prima.

Daarom bij deze wat Evert Jan schrijft naar aanleiding van het eerdere artikel.

Ik lees mee met jullie bericht over de Hopi-profetieën en ik ben verbaasd en ik en constateer opnieuw dat Amerikaanse berichtgeving over de komst van de rode dwergster RA niet bolstaat van kennis! De redactie gaat er vanuit dat Nemesis de ster is en dat Nibiru één van de planeten van die ster is... en dat er voorafgaande aan de komst van de ster, het mini-stelsel, een blauwe komeet verschijnt. Kort erop gevolgd door de ster zelf.

Dat zou kunnen. Mijn bevindingen echter zijn anders. De tweede ster is een rode dwergster (Sun RA) en daaromheen draaien vier planeten. Drie gingen verloren in de ‘hemelstrijd’ en vier bleven over! Ik merkte eerder op dat Nibiru (nibiroe) een positie is in de Hemel (astroïdengordel) en niet de naam van de ster. Dat komt door Zecharia Sitchin die de planeet (die een ster blijkt te zijn) steevast Marduk en Niburu noemde.

Dat is door iedereen overgenomen... en dat is niet onlogisch. Zecharia Sitchin heeft zelf de verwarring gezaaid. Gelukkig heeft hij ook voldoende juiste aanwijzingen gegeven... en wie zijn boek; ‘De Twaalfde Planeet’ goed leest en de inhoud goed begrijpt en de teksten juist interpreteert kan, uitgerust met een goed stel hersens, de juiste bagage, voldoende nieuwsgierigheid en intuïtie de zin van de onzin scheiden.

De Hopi vertellen dat Blue Kachina als eerste komt... en dat hij op het marktplein (in het openbaar en voor iedereen zichtbaar) zijn masker afwerpt en zijn ware gezicht toont; een rood gezicht! Blue en Red Kachina zijn één en de zelfde! Naarmate de dwergster dichterbij de Zon komt zullen zijn gassen verbranden en als een ioniserend blauwgroen of groenblauw licht zichtbaar zijn. Als die gassen opgebrand zijn...

We zien we zijn ware gezicht; een rode ster. Half zo groot als de Zon. Door de opwarming van de Zon zullen nieuwe gassen vrijkomen en dan blaast Red Kachina zich op tot tweemaal het formaat van de Zon! Hij krijgt een enorm ‘halo’ of aureool om zich heen! Dat zien we ook bij Jezus; wordt altijd afgebeeld met een aureool. Jezus = God = RA = de rode dwergster. De wilde Stier GUD, de bij-zon, de Bison...

Of de ster in 2022 of in 2024 komt zou kunnen. Volgens mij is zijn nadering en komst zeer nabij! Enki spreekt over april dit jaar en ikzelf vermoed komend jaar. Omdat hij veel eerder komt dan anders staat zijn komst los van eventuele samenstanden van planeten. Dat de grote vier in 2024 samen staan zie ik niet als een voorbode van zijn komst. De planeten draaien tenslotte gewoon hun eigen banen om de Zon.

Ze gaan echt niet sneller draaien en speciale posities innemen omdat de tweede ster in aantocht is. Tenzij astronomen veranderingen hebben waargenomen in de banen van de planeten! In 1978 ontdekten Amerikaanse astronomen schommelingen in de banen van Uranus en Neptunus en meenden dat Pluto der veroorzaker was. Bleek niet zo te zijn omdat Pluto veel kleiner was dan aangenomen.

Pluto bleek geen 6.000 kilometer in diameter te zijn zoals Mars, maar slechts 2.200 kilometer in doorsnee. Het kleine Pluto kon niet verantwoordelijk geacht worden voor de schommelingen. Toen Zecharia Sitchin dat las nam hij contact op met deze twee astronomen (van het Marine Observatorium in Boston?! of was het Washington?!) en vertelde hen over de aanwezigheid van nòg een grote planeet in ons zonnestelsel!

Meteen werden er acties ondernomen en in 1983 lanceerde NASA de satelliet IRAS (een Nederlands-Amerikaanse productie) om ‘warmtebronnen’ te zoeken! Wel heel toevallig nietwaar! Zecharia Sitchin was amper uitgesproken en meteen ging NASA aan de slag... om een satelliet te maken die op zoek zou gaan naar de naderende ster! Nu is hij er en de heftige stormen en regens en watervloeden bewijzen het. Het is zover!

{ https://www.niburu.co/  }

 { https://www.hln.be/ }

Dr. Steven Greer: Full UFO Disclosure Documentary

Dr. Steven Greer: Full UFO Disclosure Documentary

The work that medical doctor, researcher and author Steven Greer continues to do through the organization CSETI has made some tremendous breakthroughs in establishing contact with an intelligent phenomena, often perceived as UFOs, Light Phenomena and strange looking entities.

Steven demonstrates that there is a conscious connection being established with this phenomena and on many occasions they are being caught on camera.

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New Linda Moulton Howe: Alien Presences on Earth, the Moon and Beyond

TOPICS: The extraterrestrial Grey-human hybrid “Betty” returned eleven weeks ago on November 19, 2020, to communicate again in person with attorney Terry Lovelace before the release of his second book, Devil’s Den: The Reckoning.

Telepathically, Betty expressed concern about the future of Earth humans as she confirmed the existence of a secret space program already based on the moon, Mars and beyond. Tune In LIVE Earthfiles YouTube Channel broadcast on Wednesday, February 10, 2021, at 6:30 PM Pacific / 9:30 PM Eastern

— And all other time zones around the world — for deeper truths about the alien presences on Earth, the moon and beyond from the recent telepathic download to attorney Lovelace.

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Secrets of RH Negative Blood, Moses & Nephilim, Ra Castaldo

Secrets of RH Negative Blood, Moses & Nephilim, Ra Castaldo

The Rh negative bloodlines and traits, DNA, Genetic Engineering

The Rh blood group system is one of forty-five known human blood group systems. It is the second most important blood group system, after the ABO blood group system. The Rh blood group system consists of 49 defined blood group antigens, among which the five antigens D, C, c, E, and e are the most important. Wikipedia

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WHAT THE HECK? Pentagon Admits IT Has UFO DEBRIS From Roswell New Mexico! 2021!

WHAT THE HECK? Pentagon Admits IT Has UFO DEBRIS From Roswell New Mexico! 2021!

Sphere UFO close encounter footage

SpaceX Starlink satellites and UFO | @SECRET …

UFO sightings on the street corner – Vienna Graz, Austria

Giant light UFO flying at high speed in low altitude – Virginia – 30.01.2021 

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Phoenix Lights Return Over Glendale, Arizona Feb 9, 2021, Videos UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: February 9, 2021
Location of sighting: Maricopa/Glendale, Arizona

Source: Jae Luna 

• https://www.facebook.com/100002579884886/videos/3662229560539671/

The eyewitness Jae Luna said he could hear the jets at Luke Air Force Base, scrambling and flying around. The UFOs look like a six pointed star when you see it in person. He said he was literally just a across the street from Luke Air Force Base. That places the sighting in Glendale where the base is located. 

 

USAF jets only scramble to investigate unknown craft in the area and would never be told to investigate military flares, hot air balloons or even Venus. This is 100% proof that even the USAF saw these glowing lights in the sky as unknown craft! 

 

These are not flares, I (Scott Waring) am former USAF from a Strategic Air Command base, 28th Field maintenance squadron at Ellsworth AFB and I have seen flares before, but these are nothing like what I saw. 

 

These lightings were seen a few nights ago over Glendale, Arizona. Just 15 km from Phoenix, the famous location of the legendary Phoenix lights that were seen by thousands. I took a screenshot of the glowing lights and they are not perfectly round, instead they are triangular in shape. Also I thought maybe they were on the mountains, but when I added light to the screenshots, there was a hill to the far left, but none anywhere behind or even below the UFOs. So these objects are in the sky. They are not a reflection from the lamp post in the parking lot either because if they were, the UFOs would be bouncing around more and transparent. This is a real UFO, the same UFOs that night back in March 13, 1997. Amazing sighting and needs further investigation. Because finding the exact location this UFO was over would tell you the exact location the alien base is below the ground. 5-6km below. Yes, I said it. Similar sightings have happened over the Phoenix area over the years...so something must be underground in that area.

 

My thanks go out to eyewitness Jae Luna and his family for this awesome raw footage over Glendale, Arizona. He has a steady hand and good eye. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 

 

Eyewitness states: 

Phoenix lights 2.0 UFOs in Arizona!I experienced some UFOs tonight. They seemed to be travelling between dimensions in my opinion. What are your thoughts on this?

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{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Man Records Amazing Footage of UFOs Over Kielce City in Poland

A man claims that he managed to take a video of a series of UFOs in the sky. The incident happened in Kielce City in southern Poland.

The supposed existence of UFOs is one of the most popular and widespread theories around the world. Just a few days ago, a video went viral that attracted a lot of interest from users. A man, who claims to have observed dozens of these strange things in the sky, captured the insane footage.

The event occurred in Kielce City, Poland. The resident brought a night vision lens and caught dozens of UFOs in the clouds.

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The footage owner said that it appeared to him that the UFOs weren’t artificially created by some aircraft, but from some form of mysterious matter similar to plasma, but this matter was alive. He added that these alien creatures fly hundreds in the Earth’s atmosphere.

He explained that these objects weren’t visible from the ground without equipment but became visible when using infrared filters for night shooting.

The video became viral on different platforms with comments from millions of astronomy fans and other unexplained incident enthusiasts.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Seas will likely rise even faster than worst-case scenarios predicted by climate models

By Rafi Letzter 

It looks like the climate models are too conservative.

An abandoned boat sits in the water amid dead cypress trees in coastal waters and marsh August 26, 2019 in Venice, Louisiana, in a region already impacted by sea level rise.

(Image: © Drew Angerer/Getty Images)

Sea levels will probably rise faster than most climate models predict, according to a new study.

In 2019, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a United Nations scientific body that reports on climate change, said that the global sea-level average would likely rise at least 2.00 feet (0.61 meters) by the year 2100, but no more than 3.61 feet (1.10 m). Those numbers come from models that account for climate change and ocean heating, ongoing greenhouse gas emissions and potential changes in human behavior to prevent more warming. 

In this new study, researchers examined models of sea level through the lens of historical data. They looked at how fast sea levels rose in the past as Earth warmed and extrapolated to predict sea-level rise forward in time. They found that existing sea-level models tend to lowball sea-level rise when compared with more straightforward extrapolations from the historical record.

"This comparison suggests that the likely upper level of sea-level projections in recent IPCC reports would be too low," the researchers wrote in a paper published Feb. 2 in the journal Ocean Science.

Related: 10 climate myths busted

Current climate models account for factors like changes in ice and cloud cover, the amount of the sun's heat absorbed by oceans, and all sorts of other physics. But they do take historical data into account, said Kaitlin Hill, a Wake Forest University mathematician who works on climate modeling, who was not involved in the IPCC report or the new paper.

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"If you made a good climate model, then if you put all the physical processes that you can think of into it and ran it for the same period of time that we have historical data, it should roughly replicate [what really happened]," Hill told Live Science.

This process, sometimes known as "hindcasting," is a key test of a model's usefulness.

Joellen Russell, an oceanographer at the University of Arizona (also not involved in this latest paper), said that it's not surprising to find that crucial climate models used by the IPCC might underestimate sea-level rise. Other models have been shown using hindtesting to underestimate historical sea-level rise as well. Experts already tend to predict a level of sea-level rise that's well beyond what the IPCC predicts — and more in line with what this new method for studying future sea-level rise would suggest.

And existing models don't account for the effects of ice-sheet melting on sea-level rise, Russell added. (The IPCC's "Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere" also noted this limitation.)

The Ocean Science authors developed a new metric for assessing sea-level rise, known as transient sea level sensitivity (TSLS), which aims to  ground sea-level predictions in historical reality. TSLS could improve future sea-level change models, the authors argued. The best way to make projections with TSLS would require more information about the IPCC's models than has been made available, they said.

Russell said TSLS represents an "important step forward" for the field.Young Gu Her, a hydrologist at the University of Florida who works with climate models, said that the result is interesting and demonstrates the importance of understanding assumptions of models used to predict future sea-level rise. But he said the paper didn't clarify how much more greenhouse gas emissions (and how much warming) they were assuming would come in the next century.

It's important for the public to understand that climate models don't work like weather forecasts, Hill said. They aren't designed to tell you what the temperature is going to be on a Tuesday ten years from now. They're designed to help people understand what is happening in the global climate, what factors are most important in shaping the future, and how that future might be changed.

"The other thing this type of research reminds us of is that upper bounds predicted by the IPCC should not be interpreted as the 'most possible' sea-level rise," Andra Garner, a climate scientist at Rowan University, in New Jersey, told Live Science. "Upper bounds from the IPCC reports are typically defined as the 83rd percentile," meaning that the IPCC's highest sea level number is actually the point that 83% of possible outcomes fall below, "while, as the author notes, this means that higher sea-level rise is deemed less likely, it is not considered to be impossible or otherwise out of the question." 

• Originally published on Live Science.

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{ https://www.space.com/ }

Sunspots are comparatively cool areas on the solar surface caused by intense magnetic activity. They can give rise to dramatic solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

17,000-Year-Old Musical Instrument Is “Discovered” By Archaeologists

During a recent inventory of items held at a museum of natural history in Toulouse, a team of archaeological researchers took the opportunity to re-examine a conch (sea snail) shell retrieved in 1931 from the Marsoulas cave in southern France. Based on its curvature and enclosed shape, it was long believed that the conch shell has been used as a communal or ceremonial cup by the Magdalenian hunter-gatherers who roamed the region surrounding the Pyrenees Mountains near the end of the last Ice Age. After studying the shell more closely, with the assistance of modern, high-tech imaging technology, the researchers realized that what they held in their hands wasn’t a ceremonial cup but a musical instrument. They discovered that the shell had been reshaped and engineered to create a fully functional musical instrument, which they eventually found could produce three distinct musical notes: C, D, and C sharp.

Previous carbon dating analysis had dated the conch shell to approximately 15,000 BC, which meant it had been deposited in the cave during the Upper Paleolithic era. Marsoulas itself is best known for its impressive collection of cave wall paintings, which link it to the European cave painting cultures of that time. 

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Making “Spiritual” Music In Ice-Age Europe

The Marsoulas conch shell appears unadulterated to the normal eye. But deeper analysis revealed several signs of alteration.

The prehistoric musical instrument that looks like a normal conch shell but isn’t.

(© Carole Fritz et al. 2021 /  Science Advances )

It seems that the shell’s apex had been deliberately removed to create room for a mouthpiece, which had been anchored inside the shell in two small holes that had been chipped out in the shell’s interior. The shell had been drilled to create two openings, one for the entrance of air and one for its exit, enabling it to produce musical notes. Its lip had also been modified, presumably to create hand holds for the conch player. Additionally, faded  red ochre pigment fingerprint markings were found on the interior of the shell, meaning the shell had been decorated in the same style as the cave walls.

Conch shells  crafted into wind instruments have been found during excavations at ancient sites in various regions, and other musical instruments traceable to the  Upper Paleolithic period  have been found previously as well. But the latter were  flutes and whistles  made from bone; none were made from conch shells, or from any similar materials. 

“Conch shells have served as musical instruments, calling or signaling devices, and sacred or magic objects depending on the cultures,” the archaeologists wrote in their article introducing their discovery in the journal  Science Advances . “To our knowledge, the Marsoulas shell is unique in the prehistoric context, not only in France but at the scale of Paleolithic Europe and perhaps the world.”

A Magdalenian-period red-ochre painting of a bison from the Marsoulas cave, France, where the musical instrument conch shell was found.

(HTO /  Public domain )

Cave Music, Altered States, And Upper Paleolithic Shamanism

It is notable that the musical conch shell was discovered at an Upper Paleolithic site that hosts an extensive display of  cave paintings . 

The artwork that decorates the walls at Marsoulas is typical of that produced by Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, which can be found in caves throughout southern Europe. The 330-foot (100 meter) long gallery of red-pigment paintings includes numerous images of animals (with the bison hunted by  Magdalenian hunter-gathers featured most prominently), abstract anthropomorphic figures with mask-like faces, and a variety of geometric shapes that don’t represent real-world objects or life forms. 

In recent decades, establishment experts and maverick researchers alike, ranging from Mircea Eliade to Graham Hancock to  David Lewis-Williams , have popularized the theory that such art is modeled after hallucinogenic imagery glimpsed by  shamans or medicine men  experiencing altered states of consciousness.

The South African archaeologist David Lewis-Williams descending into a part of Chauvet Cave, France, which is also famous for its cave paintings and where, according to Lewis-Williams, ancient shamans may have held hallucinogenic musical gatherings.

(David Lewis-Williams /  CC BY-SA 3.0 )

Lewis-Williams, a South African archaeologist recognized as one of the world’s foremost experts on ancient rock art has perhaps done the most to promote this intriguing and controversial hypothesis. According to his neuro-psychological model, the shaman would enter a trance state, either by ingesting psychoactive substances or through immersion in a musically stimulating environment, where the shaman and companions would be dancing, drumming, singing, or playing musical instruments over an extended period of time.

Once an altered state of consciousness was achieved, the shaman or medicine man would experience vivid and memorable visual hallucinations, which were considered sacred and were used as inspirations for the drawings on the cave walls. The shaman might create the cave drawings themselves while still in an altered state, or perhaps other artists would make the drawings later on based on the verbal descriptions provided by the shaman. 

These mind-altering ceremonies would be held inside caves in part because of their association with the spiritual realms of the underworld and in part because their acoustics were perfect for inducing expanded consciousness through immersion in a musical wall of sound. 

If shamanistic explorations of altered states of consciousness did inspire Upper Paleolithic cave art, it could explain why the conch shell wind instrument was created and why it was found inside the Marsoulas cave. The shell may have been carefully and painstakingly customized to produce specific musical notes (C, D, and C sharp) that could help provoke a dramatic shift in conscious awareness, if played continuously inside an enclosed space and accompanied by drumming, singing, and the playing of other sound-producing instruments.

Noting the red-ochre imprints found on the inside of the conch shell, one member of the Marsoulas conch shell research team has added legitimacy to this hypothesis.

“We are supposing that the shell was decorated with the same pattern as was used in the cave art of Marsoulas, which establishes a strong link between the music played [by] the conch and the images on the walls,”  stated Gilles Tosello , an archaeologist and cave art specialist from the University of Toulouse. “This, to our knowledge, is the first time that we can see such a relationship between music and cave art in European prehistory.” 

The Marsoulas conch shell research team plans to arrange a visit to Marsoulas, so they can listen and make recordings while the shell is played in the environment where it was originally used. If this plan comes to fruition, it will be interesting to see if they report any mind-altering effects as a consequence of their experiments. 

• Top image: Reconstruction of the conch shell musical instrument being played. In the background, a red dotted buffalo decorates the walls of the Marsoulas Cave; similar motifs decorate the instrument.                
• Source: © Carole Fritz et al. 2021 / drawing: Gilles Tosello /  Science Advances

By Nathan Falde

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

Listen to a 17,000-year-old musical instrument made from a seashell

It's one of the oldest wind instruments.

 by Tibi Puiu

 

Credit: Science Advances.

In 1931, archaeologists stumbled upon a 17,000-year-old conch shell in a richly decorated cave in the Pyrenees. For more than eight decades, the ancient artifact had been gathering dust in the storeroom of a French museum until it was re-examined by researchers. They found that the shell was drilled purposefully to turn the shell into a musical instrument. Remarkably, they even managed to play near-perfect instruments out of the horn, showing that it still works after all these years.

Hunter-gatherers of musical notes

Originally, the shell belonged to some living organism, perhaps a sea snail called Charonia lampas, judging from its characteristics. It measures 31 centimeters in length and 18 centimeters in width.

Initially, when excavators found the shell in the Marsoulas cave, which was adorned with all sorts of marvelous prehistoric art, they thought it must have served a ceremonial purpose as a fancy drinking cup.

In reality, the conch shell is a lot more interesting than meets the eye. When scientists at the French National Centre for Scientific Research re-analyzed the artifact, they identified deliberate modifications that enabled the production of sounds with musical pitch. Besides holes drilled at certain intervals, the artisan also removed the apex of the shell, as well as the outermost lip of the shell, enabling a player to insert their hands to modulate the sound.

The Charonia shell bears the traces of important modifications of human origin. Credit: Science Advances.

The prehistoric musical instrument that looks like a normal conch shell but isn’t.

(© Carole Fritz et al. 2021 /  Science Advances )

Essentially, the modified conch shell is a musical horn, the oldest known instrument of its type. Only bone flutes have been retrieved from an earlier date.Get more science news like this...

The Sound of an 18,000-year-old Conch Shell Instrument.

When the researchers realized the shell’s true purpose, they enlisted a trained horn player to offer some feedback. The musician was able to play three clear notes, very close to C, D, and C#.

“We already know that prehistoric people transformed many shells into portable ornaments and that they thus attributed substantial corporal symbolism to them. This seashell horn, with its unique sonority, both deep and strong with an enduring reverberation, sheds light on a musical dimension until now unknown in the context of Upper Paleolithic societies,” the authors wrote in the journal Science Advances.

The inner part of the conch is decorated with red pigment of the same kind as that used on the fingerprint artworks on the walls of the cave. This means that the hunter-gather musician who originally used the conch must have also participated in the painting of the images on the walls — making this perhaps the earliest combination of music and illustrative art in history. 

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Why Mars is having its busiest two weeks in 47 years

Left: An illustration shows the United Arab Emirates orbiter "Hope." Center: An illustration shows the skycrane lowering NASA's rover Perserverance to the Martian surface. Right: A still shows a Chinese Long March 5 rocket hefting Tianwen-1 into space.

(Image: © United Arab Emirates, NASA/JPL, China News Service)

All these robots showing up at almost the exact same time is no coincidence, said Jonathan McDowell, a Harvard University astrophysicist and spaceflight expert. 

Mars and Earth are like "runners on a circular racetrack," he said. "And the really fast runner [Earth] regularly laps the runner just on the outside [Mars]. So sometimes they're right next to each other, and sometimes they're on opposite sides of the track." This Earth-Mars cycle, meaning Earth completely laps Mars, takes about two years to complete.

It would take an enormous rocket, tons of fuel and much more time to reach Mars from Earth while the planets are far away from each other, McDowell told Live Science. But launching while the planets are at their absolute closest — when they are 38.6 million miles (62.1 million kilometers) apart on average —  isn’t the most efficient way to get to Mars either. 

There's an earlier point in the planets' two-year cycle where the journey takes less time and requires less fuel. At that point, which occurs once during the two-year cycle, Earth is a bit behind Mars but continues to move faster than its neighbor. This positioning allows the spacecraft to enter a so-called "Hohmann transfer orbit," named after German engineer Walter Hohmann, who worked out the underlying mathematics in 1925.

• Related: 5 Mars myths and misconceptions

Here's how that works:

No rocket carries enough fuel to burn all the way between Earth and Mars, a distance that ranges between tens and hundreds of millions of miles.

That means any interplanetary adventure begins with a brief, intense period of acceleration, followed by a long stretch of coasting. The job of the rocket engines during that initial period of acceleration is to put the spacecraft into an orbit around the sun that will intersect with Mars as soon as possible. The most efficient path between the planets is therefore the solar orbit intersecting with Mars that can be reached with the least expenditure of fuel, and that orbit becomes available once every two years. 

But space agencies don't have to nail that day exactly. As long as they launch during a window of a couple weeks around the date,they can place their spacecraft on Hohmann transfer orbits. Tarry longer than a couple weeks, however, and the trip starts getting much more difficult very quickly.

The Hope orbiter launched July 19, 2020, Tianwen-1 on July 23 and Perseverance on July 30. The gaps between the spacecrafts' arrivals don't exactly line up with their launch dates due to minor differences in their rocket technology, trajectories through space and destinations, McDowell said. (It takes a different angle of approach, for example, to plunge directly into the planet's atmosphere than it does to enter a high orbit as Hope has done.)

It's not the first time Martian orbital space has been this crowded, McDowell pointed out. The Soviet Union launched four spacecraft to Mars in 1973, though one failed to attain orbit and none of the other three worked as intended upon arrival. Two Soviet spacecraft and one American spacecraft launched to Mars in 1971, and all had at least partially successful missions. (Both nations planned additional probes that year, but the American Mariner 8 probe failed during launch and the Soviet Kosmos 419 never escaped low-Earth orbit.)

• Related: Here's every spaceship that's ever carried an astronaut into orbit

What's different this year, McDowell said, is the sheer diversity of spacecraft reaching Mars, and the fact that several additional probes are already active around the planet. NASA has three orbiters active in Martian orbit, the European Space Agency (ESA) has one of its own and one orbiter that's a joint project with the Russian Roscosmos, and the Indian Space Research Organization has an active orbiter as well. NASA's Curiosity rover and InSight lander are also still active on the Martian surface.

Despite that relatively crowded situation, McDowell said he doubts any of the probes will even come within tens of thousands of miles of each other, even if none of the countries had checked their trajectories with each other in advance.

"Space is big," he said.

• Originally published on Live Science.

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We don't really understand the habitable zones of alien planets

This artist's depiction shows the first validated Earth-size planet to orbit a distant star in the habitable zone identified by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope. In the hunt for life outside the Earth, astronomers are keen to spot planets in the "habitable zone," — the region around a star where liquid water can exist on a planet. But the true test for whether or not a planet could host life may, in fact, rest in the most noble of gases: nitrogen.

(Image: © NASA Ames/SETI Institute/JPL-Caltech)

One size fits all

As far as we understand life (and, since we only have one example to work with (life on Earth), we don't have much to go on), life needs liquid water. 

Water is the ultimate solvent and it's the place where all the interesting life-sustaining chemical reactions can take place. And while water — the familiar combination of two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen — is the most common molecule in the universe, it's unfortunately only rarely in a liquid state suitable for life.

• Read more: "Climate Diversity in the Solar-Like Habitable Zone due to Varying Background Gas Pressure"

Most water is either frozen, locked up in comets, on vast ice sheets blanketing frigid worlds or trapped in a gas, evaporated by the intense heat pumped out by stars. Liquid water is exceedingly rare, found only in certain special circumstances. 

One of those certain special situations is the state that Earth has found itself in. Our home planet is not too far from the sun for its water to turn to ice, and it's not too close that it gets blasted into gas. Earth is at just the right distance from the sun to allow for liquid water to remain on its surface.

This is the so-called "habitable zone" (also called the "Goldilocks zone," because the solar soup is neither too hot nor too cold). Every star has its own habitable zone, depending on its size, temperature and brightness.

In the game of hunting for life outside the Earth, the first place astronomers look for planets is in the habitable zone of their parent star. Sure, there could be other places where life flourishes, but since Earth is the only example of life we've actually seen, it's our best bet to find an extraterrestrial friend. 

Feeling the pressure

Alas, the universe is not that simple, at least according to new research recently appearing in the preprint journal arXiv. 

Researchers have previously studied the impact of a planet's atmosphere on its climate. The most notable gas is, of course, carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that has garnered quite a bit of attention here on Earth as it's a leading driver in climate change. Greenhouse gases are capable of trapping heat within a planetary atmosphere, and by changing that just a little, you can drastically alter the temperature history of an entire world.

For example, consider our sister planet Venus, which also sits within the habitable zone of the sun. However, thanks to an overload of carbon dioxide in its distant past, it experienced a runaway greenhouse event and now has the hottest surface temperatures of any planet in the solar system. And it's most definitely not habitable.

But carbon dioxide isn't the only gas to float around planetary atmospheres. There's also nitrogen. Nitrogen is pretty much inert and doesn't participate in many active biological processes. Yet, it makes up over 80% of Earth's atmosphere, and without it, we … well … wouldn't have an atmosphere.

We know very little about the history of nitrogen on Earth. We're not sure how much of the gas our planet was born with, and some geologic evidence even indicates that, as recently as 2 billion years ago, we had as little as half the nitrogen we do today. And, since we don't know much about nitrogen on Earth, we certainly don't know much about nitrogen on other planets.

• Related: 9 Strange, Scientific Excuses for We Haven’t Found Aliens Yet

Life finds a way

The researchers behind the simulations in this new study found that nitrogen plays a huge role in determining the overall temperature of a planet — and, therefore, its habitability. What's even more complicated: it's not a simple relationship, more nitrogen doesn't necessarily just make a planet warmer.

For example, if a planet's atmosphere isn't too thick and there's lots of water present, adding nitrogen can cause significant heating, because the added atmospheric pressure increases the effectiveness of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor. On the other hand, on a relatively dry world, more nitrogen more easily scatters starlight away, leading to dramatic cooling.

The end result is that two worlds orbiting identical stars with identical orbits with similar surfaces but different amounts of nitrogen can have dramatically different temperatures and can be seriously hard to predict. 

Nitrogen also doesn't emit or absorb radiation at visible or infrared wavelengths. This makes it frustratingly difficult to detect in the atmospheres of alien worlds. So, even if a planet sits in the Goldilocks zone of its star, unless we get a handle on its nitrogen supply, we won't know if it's truly habitable.

• Correction: A previous version of this story referred to nitrogen as a noble gas. Nitrogen is not a noble gas; it is an inert gas.
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Scientists prepare for their last good look at asteroid Apophis before 2029 flyby

By Meghan Bartels 

Chaos is coming.

An animation shows Apophis' 2029 path compared to the swarm of satellites orbiting Earth.

(Image: © NASA/JPL-Caltech)

On March 5, wave hello to the most infamous asteroid that won't slam into Earth in 2029. Scientists sure will.

Astronomers first spotted the space rock now known as Apophis in 2004. It's precisely the sort of object that most humans probably want to know about: It's awfully big and occasionally comes uncomfortably close to Earth. April 13, 2029, is one such occasion, when Apophis will skim so close to Earth that it will pass through the realm of particularly high-altitude satellites.

(It will not hit Earth. Do not panic. Carry on.)

Scientists are excited. They've calculated just how rarely an object this large passes this close to Earth. "This something that occurs about once every 1,000 years, so obviously, it is generating a lot of interest," Marina Brozović, a radar scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, told Space.com.

• Related: Huge asteroid Apophis flies by Earth on Friday the 13th in 2029, a lucky day for scientists

The March flyby won't be nearly as stunning as the 2029 close approach; Apophis will come only one-tenth of the average distance between the Earth and the sun, more than 40 times as distant as the moon is from Earth. But scientists have big goals for Apophis' 2029 flyby, and in order to get the most out of that opportunity, they need to know as much as possible about the space rock.

And next month is their last real chance to study Apophis before the big day.

"Apophis in 2029 is going to be a really incredibly observing opportunity for us," Brozović said. "But before we get to 2029, we are preparing."

Meet Apophis

Like all near-Earth asteroids, Apophis has been rattling around the inner solar system for millennia, unnoticed by humans. Scientists believe it is more than 1,000 feet (300 meters) wide, around the height of the Eiffel Tower. It's a mix of rock and metal, according to NASA, and may be shaped a bit like a peanut, two uneven lumps smooshed together.

Astronomers spotted Apophis for the first time in 2004. The asteroid's discovery is a perfect example of planetary defense, the task dedicated to spotting asteroids around Earth, tracing their precise orbits, and determining whether they pose any risk of hitting Earth. Forewarned is forearmed, so the theory goes, and scientists hope that if they can identify a large future impactor with enough warning, humans can find a way to defend themselves.

• Related: Defending Earth against dangerous asteroids: Q&A with NASA's Lindley Johnson

And for a brief moment, Apophis seemed to run nearly 3% odds of colliding with Earth on April 13, 2029. (Even the best observations have some uncertainty, and the farther ahead in time an orbit is plotted, the more that uncertainty piles up.) That early concern inspired its name, which refers to an Egyptian "demon serpent who personified evil and chaos," as NASA puts it.

Some of Apophis' flybys are perfectly mundane, others quite close. But more precise observations pushed any collision fears first to 2036, then to 2068, when scientists can't quite positively rule out a collision yet.

If Apophis and Earth ever do collide, hope you aren't around to see the day. Two asteroids of note have hit Earth in the past century or so. One flattened the Siberian forests of Tunguska in 1908, the other shattered in the skies above Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013.

They're nothing compared to Apophis. "Apophis is 300 times more massive than Tunguska, 5,000 times more massive than Chelyabinsk, so this is an object that certainly gets your attention," Richard Binzel, a planetary scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told Space.com.

Tunguska vs Chelyabinsk meteor size. Picture shows a comparison of sizes Tunguska and Chelyabinsk meteoroids to Eiffel Tower and Empire State Building.

By Phoenix CZE, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia

A natural experiment

Right now, Apophis is minding its own business like thousands of other pieces of cosmic rubble, trekking around the sun every 323.6 Earth days. Hurtling through space, the asteroid's existence is utterly uneventful.

That will change.

Nine or so more loops around the sun for Apophis and eight more for Earth will bring the objects just within about 19,800 miles (31,900 kilometers). Scientists know that Apophis will not hit Earth this time. But depending on precisely how the two rocks whiz past each other, Apophis may never look the same.

The same gravity that keeps our mundane lives anchored to Earth's surface will tug at Apophis throughout the close encounter. Scientists think there's a chance Earth's gravity will be strong enough to scatter boulders on the surface of Apophis, or perhaps even stretch the asteroid, as if it were saltwater taffy instead of rock.

How dramatic the stretch will be depends on a host of factors. First, the precise shape of Apophis. Then, its orientation during the flyby: If a broad side faces Earth, each patch feels less gravity; if a narrow head does, the asteroid is set up for a game of tug-of-war. Then, what's inside: Solid, dense rock would resist Earth's gravity more, a loose cluster of smaller boulders would give more.

Some of those characteristics scientists can study from Earth. But the interior of Apophis is impenetrable at a distance — except, perhaps, through the 2029 flyby.

"How Apophis itself responds, that's physically about how Apophis is put together. And that's something we don't know — we don't know how asteroids are put together, we've never been able to peer inside an asteroid," Binzel said. "We see the asteroid outside looking in. This is a chance where we could have the asteroid inside looking out. In other words, is the inside of the asteroid revealing itself by some measurement we can make on the outside?"

It's an incredible experiment arranged purely by the coincidences of orbits.

• Related: Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's epic crash with Jupiter in pictures

Scientists have been here once before. In 1993, astronomers spotted a new comet, dubbed Shoemaker-Levy 9 — only to realize the discovery was in fact a clutch of comet fragments, the debris of a comet that passed too close to massive Jupiter to survive the experience. But the real highlight? Those fragments were on course to slam into the planet the next year.

"The predictions for the impact of Shoemaker-Levy 9 ranged from nothing will happen — it'll be a dud, a flop — to pretty much parallel to what we actually observed," Binzel said. "There was enormous uncertainty as to what the outcome of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact was going to be simply because it challenged the state of our knowledge. And so the parallel with Apophis is that there is a wide range of predictions for what will happen physically to Apophis itself during the encounter: Apophis might go by the Earth and not care, or Apophis might go by the Earth and be tugged on so significantly that it seismically shakes." 

But in the 1990s, astronomers rallied spacecraft and telescopes alike to gawk at a week of collisions that scarred Jupiter's clouds for a few weeks. All told, the Shoemaker-Levy 9 observations taught scientists about not just those comet fragments and the icy lump they once made up, but also about Jupiter and its atmosphere.

"I think Apophis is a lot like Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9: It's an extremely rare natural experiment that we discovered with a short lead time," Binzel said. "This is something that rarely happens. Nature is doing something amazing for us as a natural experiment, and the challenge is how do we take advantage of that natural experiment."

And Apophis observations would tell scientists about a different flavor of close encounter than Shoemaker-Levy 9, since Earth's gravity won't be strong enough to tear the rock apart.

"It won't cause this kind of big event but it is still meaningful to understand how the object can be affected by this a-little-bit-distant close flyby," Yaeji Kim, a doctoral student in aerospace engineering at the University of Auburn in Alabama, told Space.com. "There is no object which has been observed in this kind of phenomenon. From that kind of view, Apophis is a really rare case."

• Related: Radar views show big asteroid 1998 OR2 tumbling in space ahead of Earth flyby (video)

Preparing for 2029

Making the most of the 2029 flyby will rely on baseline data: what scientists know about Apophis before its dramatic encounter with Earth. That means the observations gathered this year matter. Apophis will be at its closest to Earth this year on March 5 at 8:15 p.m. EST (0115 GMT on March 6).

"Closest" here is a relative term: the asteroid will remain a healthy 0.11 astronomical units (the average distance between the Earth and the sun, or about 93 million miles or 150 million km). That's nearly 44 times the distance between Earth and the moon.

But that's close enough for scientists' most powerful tool for studying asteroids from Earth: planetary radar. Take a powerful radar beam, point it at a mysterious object, then wait. Use a sensitive radio telescope to catch the echo that bounces back, run it through some complicated processing, and the result is a sonogram-like image.

"We like asteroids that come close but, you know, just enough so that we can get a really good signal and we can get really great images," Brozović said.

• Related: Scientists just watched a newfound asteroid zoom by Earth. Then they saw its moon.

With good radar images, scientists can tell, for example what shape an asteroid is: potato, peanut, or even a pair of cherries bound only by gravity. Under particularly friendly circumstances, radar can detect boulders on the surface of a space rock. It also hones scientists' ability to track an asteroid's orbit.

Scientists' top priority while preparing for the 2029 Apophis flyby is sharpening their view of the rock's shape and its intricate rotations, Binzel said. "We know Apophis is in a very complicated spin state, it's sort of spinning and tumbling at the same time," he said. "The 2021 encounter gives us an epoch in time."

When scientists look to make predictions about what precisely will happen to Apophis during the 2029 encounter, they'll feed the current best wisdom of the object's shape and twisted rotation into models — but the resulting predictions will only be as robust as the data.

• Related: Losing Arecibo's giant dish leaves humans more vulnerable to space rocks, scientists say

Inconveniently, Earth lost its most powerful planetary radar system in December, when Arecibo Observatory's radio telescope in Puerto Rico collapsed. Each radar system has its strengths and weaknesses, and Arecibo would have shone during this preparatory close approach. Without it, scientists aren't sure how much they'll be able to improve existing radar observations of Apophis.

But they'll try, thanks to the planetary radar system at NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in California, which is due to study Apophis from March 3 to March 14 to cover this flyby. Researchers also hope to use the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia to catch the echos, rather than having to switch Goldstone's settings back and forth between send and receive; if they can use two telescopes, the data will be sharper.

"Arecibo was really a powerhouse, the most powerful radar on the planet, so we just can't make that up," Brozović said. "But we're still going to get good data."

• Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

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Verste object in ons zonnestelsel ontdekt: de rots ‘FarFarOut’

Aan de rand van ons zonnestelsel draait een rots rond de zon. Het is het verste object in ons stelsel dat tot nu toe bekend is. Het object heeft de bijnaam FarFarOut gekregen, oftewel ver, ver weg.

  Bron: ANP

FarFarOut werd in januari 2018 voor het eerst waargenomen met een telescoop op Hawaï. Daarna is het object gevolgd om zijn baan rond de zon te berekenen. 

Lees ook

• 

  Wetenschappers ontdekken verste object ooit in ons zonnestelsel: de rozige dwergplaneet ‘Farout’

Volgens het Amerikaanse sterrenkundige centrum NOIRlab doet de rots ongeveer duizend jaar over een rondje rond de zon. Soms komt hij dichter bij dan de planeet Neptunus, maar op het verste punt is de afstand tot de zon 26,2 miljard kilometer. Dat is 175 keer de afstand van de aarde tot de zon. 

Momenteel staat hij op 19,75 miljard kilometer van de zon, 132 keer zo ver als de aarde van de zon staat.

Pluto

Het rotsblok is moeilijk te zien. De ontdekkers denken dat hij ongeveer 400 kilometer in doorsnee is. Dat betekent dat het misschien net een dwergplaneet is, zoals bijvoorbeeld Pluto.

De ontdekkers verwachten dat het record van FarFarOut niet lang in stand blijft, omdat er in zijn omgeving waarschijnlijk meer van zulke rotsen te vinden zijn.

Het is het verste object in ons stelsel dat tot nu toe bekend is. 

© RV

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