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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES

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Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.

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Filer’s Files 45 2021 The 1933 Europe’s UFO Crash - PART I

Nazi Haunebu11 Disc in 1943 in Hauneburg, Germany
Nazi Haunebu11 Disc in 1943 in Hauneburg, Germany

Filer’s Files 45 2021 -  1933 Europe’s UFO Crash - PART I

 

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

New Jersey State Director

MUFON Eastern Region Director

Special projects The 1933 Europe’s UFO Crash, Italy Two Aliens Meet with Italians, Virginia Lt Gov-Elect Winsome Sears slams Liberals and Strange Craft

 Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Washington, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, and England in the United Kingdom.

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

 Special Projects

1933 Europe’s UFO Crash

 

William Brophy writes, “I was invited by Dr. Roberto Pinotti to the San Marino Republic UFO Symposium as a speaker to talk about the 1933 UFO crash near Milano, Italy and the 1942 Battle of Los Angeles which involve the tall blond Nordics who meet with President Eisenhower at Edwards Air Force Base 1954 and at Holloman AFB in 1955.”

On June 13, 1933, a bell-shaped UFO crashed near Magenta, Italy just west of Milano.

The occupants were tall blond Nordics with Asian like features on their light blue eyes. The Italians called the UFO la Campania; the Germans called it Die Locked. Benito Mussolini the Prime Minister of Italy informed Pope Pius 11 of the crash and placed G. Marconi in charge of the special rs-33 Study Group, which later served as a model for our Mj-12 group. The Japanese told the Italians and Germans that those tall blonde-haired people were in their legends; this led to the Axis Alliance.

New Documents “Will Revolutionize UFOlogy”!

The discovery of some documents from the fascist era of Italy opens up new horizons for research on UFOs and compels students of this subject to amend the official history of the flying saucers. Under Duce Mussolini, there was a secret government commission of enquiry, known as the RS/33 cabinet, which studied the UFOs. Then a second series of documents, in three different packages, posted in March-April 1996, were sent by “MR. X” to the top Italian ufologist Dr. Roberto Pinotti, Director of the Italian UFO research journal NOTIZIARIO UFO.

Italian UFO Magazine

The sighting of a flying cigar over the Venice and Mestre on the morning of August 17, 1936, was reported showing a “cigar” – described as “torpedo-shaped” – along with two spheres beside it, one of which resembled the planet Saturn, being pursued by a fighter aircraft. All this took place 15 years before Kenneth Arnold sighting in the state of Washington in 1947.

The sensational discovery of some new original material, which has been sent to us anonymously on a number of occasions regarding the existence of the so-called “Fascist UFO Files.” This material dealt with a flying saucer that had either crashed or landed near Magenta in Lombardy in Italy on April 11th, 1933, some fourteen years before the famous Roswell, New Mexico, UFO crash. This event involved a subsequent investigation by an obscure war time intelligence unit called “Gabinetto RS/33” (or RS/33 Cabinet), ‘RS’ is the acronym for Ricerche Speciali or Special Research, and thirty-three means 1933, this group had been authorized by Benito Mussolini to study the problem.

Map of the Magenta, Italy 1933 UFO crash

Later the crashed UFO was stored in the hangars of the SIAI Marchetti in Verbiage. Mussolini thought that this “unconventional flying vehicle” was a French, British or German secret weapon, but apparently Guglielmo Marconi believed it was Extra-Terrestrial in nature. The RS/33 Cabinet – according to the mysterious sender of the material who wrote to us saying he was a relative of one of its members who had investigated this. Between 1933 and 1940, there were many different Italian UFO sightings: in one instance an Italian fighter plane intercepted an UFO between Ravenna and Rome and in August 1936 there was a multiple UFO sighting (a “flying cigar” and two Saturn-shaped UFOs) over Mestre and Venice.

Indeed, in Italy there were many UFO sightings between 1933 and 1940, so little wonder a secret commission was established to study them

THE UFO FILES OF MUSSOLINI

Released September 24, 2021 by Nancy Thames a new book “UFO Contacts In Italy Volume Two.”

which has just been published by Philip Mantle’s publishing company ‘FLYING DISK PRESS.’ It is the first time that some of this information has been made available in English.

Three telegrams from the Milan office of the Stefani Agency (the Fascist A.N.S.A.), which gave instructions, on the order of Dictator Duce Mussolini, to recuperate a flying saucer which had landed on June 13, 1933. There was also a Senatorial letter describing in detail the strategy to be followed after the craft had been recovered, i.e., censorship of the newspapers; arrest of the eyewitnesses; elaboration of a series of conventional explanations for the UFO (i.e., *sonde* balloons, meteors, perihelia) to be fed to the public via the Brera Astronomical Observatory at Milan.

It was discovered that the RS/33 CABINET had been a top-secret study commission, created in the bosom of La Sapienza University in Rome following upon the recuperation [sic] of the UFO. Headed by the physicist Guglielmo Marconi (known for his belief in Martians, After Italy’s accession to the Berlin-Rome Axis, by arrangement with Hitler this material was all subsequently to be passed to the Nazis (*who did, in actual fact, as a result, attempt a few years later to construct revolutionary discoidal aircraft called the V-7*.

V-7 Disc

As things went sour for Italy during the war, all the files from the RS/33 Cabinet were shipped to Nazi Germany. As Missoni points out, rumors of Nazi discs have plagued the UFO literature for decades, and one Italian scientist, Giuseppe Belluzzo, is always mentioned in conjunction with the Germans, Miethe, Schriever and Habermohl. Much nonsense has been written about the so-called Nazi flying saucers – some of its Nazi propaganda – yet undoubtedly there is at least some truth to the matter. The names of Miethe, et al., are confirmed by FBI and other U.S. and German documents. It is also possible that the German V-7 (a revolutionary discoidal aircraft whose existence as a prototype was confirmed by Hermann Oberth) was initially developed after Italian research by VNC.

In the first place, it has come to light that ever since the end of the Thirties a German aircraft designer named NORDUNG had been attempting to build a “solar” flying disc to be sent out into Space – subsequently re-baptized as the “flying wheel”, and so it is no wonder if the Italian Fascists, finding themselves confronted with a UFO, should have opted for the explanation that it was a secret weapon! The “Moretti” trail led me to the Varese region. My hypothesis is in fact that the saucer recovered in 1933 had been hidden in one of the nearest and most discrete hangars in that region – namely the hangars of the aeronautical establishments of the Siai Marchetti at Vergiate in the Varese region of Ticino which at that date were under the control of General Italo Balbo who became a member of the RS/33 CABINET). The “Varese trail” had been suggested to me through several clues: namely that the messages about recovery of the UFO came from the nearby Telegraphic Office of Milan: that in those very days Blackshirts were suddenly dispatched to that region, The Varese newspaper, the *Cronaca Prealpina, of June 20, 1933, gave the first report, emphasizing that forms of life on Mars.

Mussolini and Hitler

Earth – the existence of agreements between Mussolini and Hitler for the study of alien technology, agreements that had been made in 1938; these documents were: an Agency Stefani message from Florence containing an interview with the Fuhrer Hitler when he was visiting Italy. Marconi claimed he could develop a *death ray*, which, so Mussolini said, had for one day, by remote control, halted all automobile and aircraft engines as far away as Ostia – a weapon which, by virtue of 1938 agreements between Mussolini and Hitler, would
evidently reappear in the following year at Essen, Germany, causing a *total blackout* of the city according to the account given by the American ufologist Leonard Stringfield in his book UFO SIEGE (1977. It is likely the Fascists and the Nazis managed to achieve “back- engineering” from the UFO of 1933? The Fascist UFO Files nevertheless has a very special importance. For it demonstrates the existence of a governmental commission on UFOs before the official birth of UFOlogy itself
” If, at the end of the 1930s, the Italians were beginning to hear of German experiments with disc-shaped aircraft (which we do know existed and which certainly *were* test-flown), then is it surprising that many Italian scientists may well have suspected that any weird craft seen flying over Italy in the years from 1933 to 1936 might well also have been *German*? And then later, during WWII, they might logically have suspected that they were seeing “secret weapons of the enemy Allies”?

“Mussolini” himself was a keen flier and held a pilot’s license. Who else among the leaders in WWII did that? Well, it seems that as Germany tightened her grip on Italy, the Germans were able to *command* the Italians to hand all the alien craft’s evidence over to them! Remember the remarkable German success in building at least two types of “saucer-shaped” multi-jet aircraft
Roberto Pinotti, probably the best Italy’s UFO researcher confirms that it is 100% certain that the “Fascist UFO Files” are completely genuine. Thanks to the Flying Saucer Review, Volume 46/3, autumn 2001, pp. 13 – 17 and

It is believed the Italians gave the Germans access to the alien craft and they were able to back engineer the craft to develop the so-called Foo fighters often reported by allied bombing aircrews. The key was the advanced propulsion system.

Hitler and A UFO is observing this historical event.

MUFON reports that four years after the crash a UFO was filmed over Czechoslovakia. I’m an ardent history buff. I was watching WWII in Color tonight and noticed Hitler is entering Czechoslovakia on May 1, 1937 and is being filmed. In the archival footage I noticed a UFO above hm. I rewind several times and can’t believe anyone has noticed this before. Throughout is leadership Hitler often warned of advanced weapons that would bring victory to the Nazi’s. Thanks to MUFON CMS

The Vril Society members were the first group to attempt the back engineering of an extraterrestrial spacecraft. A German writer, John Von Helsing, describes the discovery of a crashed saucer in the Black Forest, near Freiburg, in 1936 and says that this technology was taken and combined with the information the Vril Society had received through channeling and was made into a further project called the Haunebu. There are various stories of crashed saucers in Europe that are difficult to prove or deny.

The Japanese conducted an attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, in 1941, the city holiday of Milano, Italy. The tall blonde-haired people’s craft were the UFOs over Los Angeles on February 25, 1942, and a large disk with a row of windows was shot down above the Santa Catalina Island and San Clement Island area recovered by the ars-1 Viking ship.

ars-1 Viking ship

and taken to Moffat Field Navy Base. The Manhattan project at Berkeley next door studied the disk. The Trinity Bomb was named after Pope Pius 11 and the three-inch anti-aircraft guns used in Los Angeles. When the War was over, the U.S. Army Air Force members were infiltrated precisely into Sesto regarding the presence of terrestrial flying saucers kept at Vergiate, Italy and that the entire region, from time immemorial, was at the center of a most intense ufological activity – to such a degree that it gained the title of being “The Ticino Triangle of Northern Italy.”

In April of 1945, the 1st Armored Division captured the Machete Aviation Facility where the 1933 Magenta UFO was kept, and it was brought to the United States. My father Lt. Col. William J. Brophy was a B-29 bomber pilot with the 231 Air Base Group at Alamogordo, New Mexico and witnessed the Trinity Bomb. He told me the silver-plate B-29 bomber was named after the Los Angeles 1942 disks.

Oval Shaped Crashed UFO

 One month later on August 16, 1945, my father helped his commanding officer Col. Maurice A. Preston recover an oval shaped UFO with three very strange small light grey aliens with praying mantis features on their eyes and face. The UFO had destroyed a communications tower belonging to Stallion Site in the crash near Walnut Creek in San Antonio, Nm. My father told me President Eisenhower met with the tall blonde-haired people involved with the 1933 Italy crash at Edwards AFB on February 20, 1954. Eisenhower invited Cardinal John McIntyre to the meeting since Pope Pius 11 had told Roosevelt about the Nordic 1933 Magenta, Italy crash. Thanks to William Brophy.

German Discs

Haunebu11

In 1942, the enlarged Haunebu II of 26 meters (85 feet) diameter was ready for flight testing. This disc had a crew of nine and could also achieve supersonic flight of 6,000 to 21,000 km/h (13,000 MPH) with a flight endurance of 55 hours. It had heat shielding of two hulls of Victale a German super metal special armor. The craft were constructed and tested between 1943-44. The craft made 106 test flights. Both British and U.S. pilots reported seeing very fast Foo Fighters

At the end of WWII, three weeks before the U.S. went to Peenemunde to seize the V-2s and the scientists, including Werner von Braun, the Brits went into the underground redoubts of the Nazis in Austria, the Black Forest and Thuringia. The results were three top secret trains, one of them eight miles long (that one train alone was 655 box cars and flat cars). The trains took the stuff, some of which was too large to fit in box cars and had to be covered by tarpaulins on its way to the coast of Brittany (France), there to be loaded on board ships, taken through the Panama Canal up the coast to Vancouver, B.C., and from there by train 100 miles inland to the newly constructed facility of the A. V. Roe Company, which took over the research and development of the wingless jet powered saucer craft.

150 prefabricated factory buildings were sent from England to the same site. By 1947 it was dug completely underground for security reasons to protect from prying Russian over flights. An underground facility with vertical shaft, still exists cobwebbed and silent about 150 miles East of Vancouver, British Columbia.

When the war ended, many German scientists were engaged by the USA to head their space program. But what of the German discs? Many such as William Tomkins believe that massive German U-boats transported many of them to a secret base in the Antarctic. That is when the US military kicked into action sending Admiral Byrd in his men to the frozen north. The battle that ensued saw heavy losses by the American’s but there are very few reports as to what actually happened there.

Haunebu 111

Operation Highjump, an operation to locate the Nazi base in the Antarctic was organized by Rear Admiral Richard E Byrd Jr., USN (Ret), Officer in Charge of Task Force 68 that commenced on 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, thirteen ships, and thirty-three aircraft. According to William Tomkins several ships were sunk and most of the aircraft destroyed by attacking UFOs from the Antarctic Nazi base. Later, Admiral Richard E. Byrd warned that the United States should adopt measures of protection against the possibility of an invasion of the country by high-speed hostile planes coming from the Polar Regions.

Byrd also found plenty of magnetic anomalies, all of which were classified top secret when he got back. The interesting thing is this “magnetic anomaly,” it may be an entrance to a large “hollow place” That’s what “magnetic anomaly” means……

The Allies all grabbed the disc engineers; some went to Russia, Canada, Britain, and others to the United States. Wernher von Braun and his Nazi cohort scientists were excused for their mistreatment of assembly line slaves and invited to partake in America’s rocket program. Saucer scientists like Herr Miethe and his Nazi cohort scientists were invited and taken to work for A.V. Roe in the compound outside Vancouver, Canada.

The books by Harbinson, Revelation, and Projekt Saucer. The suppressed and out of print book by Renato Vesco “Intercept but Don’t Shoot,” republished as Flying Saucers: From 1944-1994 by Renato Vesco and David Childress.]

The British Space Program was well underway during World War 11 with men such as Arthur C Clarke and H.E Ross launching an in-depth study of the possibility of moon landings. The British undertook intensive rocket testing at a huge range in South Australia, beginning in about 1946. The range was named Woomera and it is possible that the studies launched there led to manned space travel in years much earlier than we have been led to believe.’

 Dr Carol Rosin was the first female corporate manager of Fairchild Industries and was spokesperson for Wernher von Braun in his later years. She founded the Institute for Security and Cooperation in Outer Space in Washington, DC, and has testified before Congress on many occasions about space-based weapons.

Von Braun revealed to Dr Rosin a plan to justify weapons in space, based on a Russian threat, then a terrorist threat, an asteroid threat, then finally an extraterrestrial threat.

Many of the German scientists that designed of the V2 rocket continued working on the American space program right through to the 1969 landing of men on the Moon. Thanks to Frank Chili.

Italy  Aliens Meet with Italians

UFO Sighting News reports there is an entrance to alien base at Rocca Pia, Italy.

Alleged Alien

Allegedly, two extraterrestrials met with Italians and allowed their photos to be taken. The Aliens gave a message of hope and friendship. This is Kenio who is thought to be over 2.4 meters tall. (8 feet tall).

He is an alien of the W56 group, also known as the Akrij. It had been kept secret for half a century, but only just recently came to light after the death of one of the men involved (Bruno Sammaciccia who had asked for it to be kept secret until after his death).

Pescara, Italy at A

In Pescara, during the 50s to 70s, a group of extraterrestrials had contacted a number of unsuspecting people directly. This project was called ‘Amicizia.’ These men would be brought to their (etheric) ‘bases’ located on earth and apparently on board the UFOs.

The people involved were of high social and cultural status, among them was the notable Console Alberto Perego. There is a collection of testimonials from them, which also shows excellent quality footage and photography of the phenomena, as well as apparent ‘messages’ (of love and goodwill) given to us from these beings.

This may just be coincidence, but Robert Lazar, a scientist who worked on a flying saucer in Area S4 had once stated that the USAF gave him reading info about aliens and in the documents, it stated there was fifty-six space faring species of aliens known. That could explain why the aliens in Italy called themselves W56. However, the meaning of the W has continued to elude me. (Scott C. Waring)

Virginia Lt Gov-Elect Winsome Sears slams Liberals

Winsome Sears — the first woman and first woman of color elected lieutenant governor of Virginia on Tuesday night — called out Joy Reid after watching the MSNBC host describe the GOP as “dangerous.”

“I wish Joy Reid would invite me on her show — let’s see if she’s woman enough to do that — I’d go in a heartbeat and we’d have a real discussion without Joy speaking about me behind my back,” Sears said.

“[Reid] talks about white supremacy,” Sears continued. “Does she know that I ran against a white democrat supremacist? I mean Joy come on. Get your facts straight and then come talk to me. I’m waiting for you.”

Sears, a former Marine said her views were based on “her service to the Commonwealth and her Country, her faith, and her belief in equal opportunity for all Virginians.” She said she would  provide tax breaks for small businesses, and reducing state excise and income taxes.[Republican Winsome Sears, who held a 50,000-vote lead in her bid to become the first black woman lieutenant governor of Virginia, declared that she would “die for America.”

Dr. Voddie T. Baucham

 A world-renowned African American theologian has spoken out to expose the “demonic ideology” behind Critical Race Theory (CRT) and Black Lives Matter (BLM), revealing their “anti-racism” agenda is actually” all a grab for power.

Dr. Baucham currently serves as the dean of theology at African Christian University. He says he’s been alarmed in recent years by the Marxist power grab that is being disguised as “racial justice.” Baucham says he’s so concerned about America’s pathway to “demonic” Marxism that it’s compelled him to write a book about the disturbing shift in U.S. society. Marists and Communists hate all forms of religion that takes power away from the government.

Baucham explains the unique insight he has as a black pastor and theologian who now views the country from the outside after being raised in an American inner city.

He says the U.S. has further succumbed to the radical left. For example, the Democratic Infrastructure bill spends millions on public schools but includes probation against religious organizations like churches and synagogues and prohibits religious schools or childcare services from using funds to improve facilities.

If you follow (CRT) to its very root, the ultimate goal is to remove contrary “opinions” and “beliefs,” those that are contrary to a Neo-Marxist-like existence, where “free will” need not be necessary. One will not need to “think” or make decisions based on anything other than what the Marxist state decries as absolute which is done in Communist countries.

The education company co-founded by Department of Justice Attorney General Merrick Garland’s son-in-law is facing fresh scrutiny after it was revealed the company supports Critical Race Theory curricula while servicing 23,000 schools in the nation, costing taxpayers hundreds of thousands of dollars — while Garland cracks down on opposition to the ideology.

Panorama Education, co-founded by Xan Tanner, sells surveys to school districts nationwide with a focus on “social and emotion climate.”

With contracts in more than fifty of the one hundred largest school districts in the U.S., Panorama Education claims to be supporting “thirteen million students in 23,000 schools and 1,500 districts across fifty states.

According to Forbes, the contract cost taxpayers $288,270.

Since 2017, the company has raised around $76 million from investors and just last month, Panorama Education obtained $60 million financing

Communist Party Flag

The Communist Party of America hides no secret about turning America into a communist country like Cuba or Venezuela.

The Communist Party has begun to achieve their goal transforming the Democrat party into a Socialist Party with the philosophy of Marxism from Karl Marx. “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.” Using this Marxist philosophy, the Democrat Party has led America toward the Socialist path and adopted the goals laid out in the Communist Manifesto to take over America. They have taken the once proud 80% Black Families and removed the husband providing money only to women so now only 20% remain married. Therefore, most black children have no father to help with their education or upbringing.

They have control of the schools so now everyday one hundred black men kill one hundred black men. Planned Parenthood teaches abortion in the high schools CDC reports 117,626 black children are aborted in a year

Why is it the 128-page Democratic Party’s Manifesto has copied Stalin’s 1936 Soviet Communist Constitution that allowed Joseph Stalin to rule Communist Soviet Union with an Iron Hand killing40 million Russians. 

Speaking at a conference held by the Faith and Freedom Coalition on June 18, former Vice President Mike Pence said that “Critical Race Theory is racism.” Senator Ted Cruz, at the same gathering, compared the theory to the Ku Klux Klan saying the curriculum is “every bit as racist” as the white supremacist hate group. “Critical race theory,” the senator said, “CRT says every white person is a racist and a demon.”

Critical Race Theory and its Evil Progeny Are All About Hatred of Whites according to the National Vanguard

The National Vanguard Organization states Critical Race Theory (CRT) may have tinges of Marxism, Communism, and even Democratic Party thinking but, at its core, CRT is a virulently anti-White philosophy that uses quasi-intellectual terms to promote anti-Whiteness towards anything that seems pro-White. For example, “math is racist” toward non-Whites because students are taught (horrors!) that there are correct and incorrect answers.

To be clear, anything related to Whites, like history, or science, or literature, or art, or anything that can somehow be tied to Whites is hated. It is about hating Whites and wanting all Whites dead.

Critical Race Theory is about hating you because you are White — and its proponents want you and all other Whites — from babies to the aged — dead. That’s it. It is part of a genocide against Whites. They want you, Whitey, dead!

, Critical Race Theory puts all POC (“People of Color;” their term) — Blacks, Browns, Reds, Yellows — on one side, and Whites and only Whites on the other side. Whites are seen as the devils and evil doers throughout history, and in the present day as well. Critical Race Theory considers the entire White genome evil and something that must be wiped out. That means all White people must be killed off in one way or another so the wonderful POC can live without the harm that White devils do just by being alive.

Whites must be eradicated, with birth control; give them easy-to-get abortions and mating with non-Whites. If all else fails, just plain kill them with guns and knives.

 The fact White Policemen killed 14 Black men last year who were mostly conducting crimes justifies killing of all whites. It does not stop Black people from killing one hundred Black people every day. 295 police were killed in 2020 according to National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund.

In the news recently was case of an innocent little four-year-old White kid who was stabbed to death by a Black, and the cops say they “don’t know a motive.” How about the fact that the little kid was White? —

White people are usually hidden from getting no national news coverage of Black people or illegal immigrants killing whites. This hiding is pervasive in the six companies that control the fake media.

Just the other day a Black at a meeting of armed and militant Blacks said, “There will come a time when we will kill everything White in sight.” Have you seen this in the “mainstream” (controlled) media? Of course not. The controlled media want to hide this. Generally, it’s a good idea when someone says he wants to kill you to take him at his word.

Too many Whites are like frogs being cooked in a pot of water and not realizing it because the heat is being turned up a little at a time, incrementally boiling the frogs to death before they catch on and jump out.

Look, this is about hating and harming hatred of Whites. There’s a target on your back in the eternal race wars is your skin.

You may be confused about your identity, but those who hate you aren’t. They see your White skin and know you are their enemy.

For now, they’re destroying your history. They’re tearing down statues of Whites. They’re renaming schools and streets to remove the names of White people. They’re teaching your White children to hate themselves for being White. They call you “racist,” Wanting Whites to die off or be killed off. It’s about race. Thanks to, ©2021 H. Millardhttps://nationalvanguard.org

Approximately 620,000 to 700,000 soldiers died from combat, accident, starvation, and disease during the Civil War freeing the slaves.

DOJ Attorney General Merrick Garland sent a memorandum directing the FBI to target parents who protest at school board meetings. This was a response to the National Association of Secondary School Principals’ letter that characterized parents who stood up to school boards about the teaching of CRT as “domestic terrorists.”

It appears the angry domestic terrorists voted for the Republicans around the nation.

Attorney General Garland was grilled by Senator Cruz over the conflict of interest of the education company co-founded by Garland’s daughter’s husband that is facing scrutiny after it was revealed the company supports Critical Race Theory curricula while servicing in the nation, over 13 million students in 21,000 schools,  and 50 states costing tax payers millions of dollars — while Garland has instructed the FBI to crack down on Terrorist Parents who oppose the ideology that hates all whites.

Six Republican-majority state legislatures have implemented restrictions on teaching about racial inequality in schools. These bills are in Tennessee, Texas, Idaho, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. Each bill would ban teachers from teaching that “one race or sex is inherently superior to another race or sex,” is inherently privileged, racist, sexist, or oppressive.

 Numerous Children traumatized by CRT

 

Real Time host Bill Maher, and liberal professor clash on CRT in schools: It’s ‘disingenuous’ to say parents oppose Black history

Maher kicked off the show’s panel discussion by addressing how “Democrats got their a– kicked” in Tuesday’s elections, particularly in Virginia where the issue of education dominated the gubernatorial race won by Republican Glenn Youngkin. Black history was now being “centered” in the school’s curriculum rather than other important subjects.

Maher responded, “and describing them either as oppressed or oppressor. I mean, there are children coming home who feel traumatized by this. That’s what parents are objecting to.”

The National Education Association (NEA) that Critical Race Theory is in fact being taught in K-12 schools and they support it.

The news media is lying when they say Critical Race Theory is not being taught. Support democracy and run for your school board with five or six other likeminded people.

Strange Craft

 The True Story of an Air Force Intelligence Officer’s Life with UFOs

 

U.S. Air Force Major George Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere after World War II.  These men – military professionals who flew planes, served as radar operators and air traffic controllers at airfields around the world – began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.

 During secret debriefings at U.S. bases, pilots and air crew told their commanders of seeing UFOs off their plane’s wings. Award-winning investigative author from objects in the skies over Cold War Europe to a UFOs over during the Cuban Missile Crisis to lights over the DMZ in Vietnam Filer leaves nothing out about his Air Force UFO encounters,

 Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base in 1978 – is fully recounted for the first time in this book. As a member of the Disclosure Project, military experts, astronauts, and scientists urge the U.S. government to release all it knows about UFOs to the public.

 Filer describes his UFO encounters in this incredible book, by John L. Guerra. 

 { https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

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Filer’s Files 45 2021 - 1933 Europe’s UFO Crash - PART II

Nazi Haunebu11 Disc in 1943 in Hauneburg, Germany
Nazi Haunebu11 Disc in 1943 in Hauneburg, Germany

Filer’s Files 45 2021 -  1933 Europe’s UFO Crash - PART II

 

Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF

New Jersey State Director

MUFON Eastern Region Director

Special projects The 1933 Europe’s UFO Crash, Italy Two Aliens Meet with Italians, Virginia Lt Gov-Elect Winsome Sears slams Liberals and Strange Craft

 Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Washington, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.

Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, and England in the United Kingdom.

The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFOs are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.

Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.

UFO Sightings in the United States

Sightings are from MUFON CMS

Arizona Light

Prescott Valley– on October 22, 2021, my sighting started off like a shooting star then it stopped and lit up. The video shows changes in shape and brightness. I shot from Prescott looking towards Flagstaff. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

 California Object

Bakersfield – 0n October 31, 2021, during Halloween trick or treat with my kids.

Colorado Lights

Parker – on October 18, 2021, the photo was taken at 7:21 PM from my patio. Only after I reviewed the pictures taken of the moon did I notice the two white objects in the picture. Once enlarged the two white objects appeared more vividly.

Note: The two white objects noted in the photo are likely not real and a lens flare created by the reflection of the moon on the camera lens. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/

Idaho Lights

Boise — on October30, 2021, overlooking on the mountains in Boise are three big lights that don’t belong. I’ve been seeing this view for 43 years.

Louisiana Object

New Orleans – on October 30, 2021, 1 saw a snub-nosed, triangle shaped object with rows of red & blue lights underneath slowly comes into view. It was silent and was moving forward very slowly and made a dipping action. It was flickering and disappeared right before my eyes. I saw it for 35 seconds and it was utterly amazing.

Michigan Light

Madison Heights –– on November 1, 2021, a white circle without wings like an airplane would have, it was just a white circle that kept going.

Minnesota TicTac

Mpuntainair – on November 2, 2021, a couple of months ago I saw bright intense flashing colors rapidly moving across the bottom of the V. Every night during this week I’ve seen 1 to 12 objects. The original one stays while the others are moving around. The large one turns bright white and disappears. Later, it repeats while the smaller ones remain in their spots.

New Jersey Object

Mount Arlington – on November 1, 2021, I have been documenting sightings for a few years in NY and NJ. I have numerous pictures and videos of them following me during an hour drive.

New York Tic Tac

Waterville – on November 1, 2021, my son looked up and said, “Look at that plane its moving but nothing coming out of it.” It just appeared different than any plane. It was really high with no contrail, noise, and a steady flight pattern.

Washington Lights

Federal Way – on October 23, 2021, a friend and I were by Redondo Beach when we saw four objects just hovering and then changing positions. It was the night of the bomb cyclone and we haves never seen anything very strange like these.

West Virginia Lights

Augusta – on November 1, 2021, a very large triangular object was seen flying over treetops heading south. Object had many pulsing flashing red lights, was silent, and interfered with our satellite signal. This photo is a depiction.

Worldwide UFO Sightings

 Australia Object

Olinda – 0n October 25, 2021, if you want to see the photo, you can view it by looking up my photography Face book page at: https://m.facebook.com/story.php?

Alding — on October 29, 2021, caught on camera between shutter speeds.

Canada Lights

Little Current – on October 31, 2021, looking out the window of my hotel I noticed a. saucer type almost see-through object. I noticed another two black objects in the sky.

UK/England Lights

Falkirk – on October 31, 2021, the object was square in shape and had blinking lights at each corner as it flew past it floated. Each light was of fixed distance to each other, and it changed direction very easily. It had a swaying motion, silent, and was very large.

Support Earth Changing Research

I have put together a flash drive of the last twenty-two years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings that will explain the phenomena and the importance to your life and your family. Additionally, I have included my book that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me in writing the book. We are asking for a donation of $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.

You can also go to Pay Pal and make payment to Majorstar@verizon.net

When you send in a subscription, please include your E-mail address. Do not miss the latest images of UFOs from Earth and Mars. Sign me up right now for Filer’s Files.

Send check or money order to:

George Filer, 222 Jackson Road, Medford, NJ 08055.

Here are the links to our book on Amazon

JOIN MUFON!

Become a MUFON member today! Benefits of membership include a subscription to the monthly UFO Journal that contains current investigations, sightings reports, articles by world-renowned researchers. To join now, http://www.mUFOn.com/

August Conference August 27 to 29, 2021 in Las Vegas

Filer’s Files is copyrighted 2021 by George A. Filer, all rights reserved. Readers may post the COMPLETE files on their Web Sites if they credit the newsletter and its editor by name and list the date of issue. These reports and comments are not necessarily the OFFICIAL MUFON viewpoint. Send your letters to Majorstar@verizon.net

Sending mail automatically grants permission for us to publish and use your name. Please state if you wish to keep your name or e-mail confidential.

CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.

Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. These files could not be published without the help of my beloved wife who cooks, cleans, washes, etc., and handles the finances. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually

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Glowing Orbs Over Tampa, Florida Nov 15, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

Glowing Orbs Over Tampa, Florida Nov 15, 2021, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of sighting: Nov 15, 2021
Location of sighting: Tampa, Florida, USA
Source: MUFON 
 
A person was driving along and noticed some lights in the sky, so they pulled over a recorded them on his phone. The objects have a reddish glow to them and flying together in the same direction. The objects were flying and each seems to be about the size of a car. Fantastic raw footage of a UFO fleet over Tampa. Many times I have said there is a alien base below Florida and it extends out into the ocean floor for about 50-70km. These UFOs came from that location. 
100% proof that UFO often want us to see them by deliberately lighting up. 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 
Eyewitness states: 
Never before seen lights in the sky. And I been living in Tampa half my life. There were lights in the sky in a prominent formation. They moved, changed colors then disappeared. I can’t remember how long I was watching, but it was a good amount of time.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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Greta Thunberg Time Traveler Photo Two Found! UFO Sighting News.

Greta Thunberg Time Traveler Photo Two Found! UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: November 19, 2021
Location of discovery: National Archives and Records Administration
Source photo at: 
Guys, I was looking at a news story about graves found in an old Indian school in Nebraska when I noticed something odd. Greta Thunberg was sitting in one of the students desk. She has been found before in other photos from 1890 in the Yukon territory doing gold mining, but this photo is from Nebraska in 1910. It would figure that she might time travel to such a place as this. So many terrible abuses took place against the Indian children at the school, so many children disappearing never to be seen again...and so many graves found. If this is her, she must have known what was going to happen and she tried to prevent it as much as possible. Greta has talked to the UN yelling at them like they were little children, she has talked to presidents, leading protests worldwide and even was on the cover of TIME as person of the year. It seems to me that she really does see the future and what she says will happen...is not a possibility, but a guarantee to happen. 
 
 
Why would Greta do this? In here own words, "Since our leaders are behaving like children, we will have to take the responsibility they should have taken long ago." So...Greta is here for the world...again and again through time. 
 
Check out my video and chat about it in below, and remember to subscribe to my Youtube channel for more new discoveries. 
 
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

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{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

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UFOs filmed over Tampa, Florida 15-Nov-2021

UFOs filmed over Tampa, Florida 15-Nov-2021

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These strange unknown lights were flying across the night sky above Tampa, FL on 15th November 2021.

Witness report: 

There were lights in the sky in a prominent formation. They moved, changed colors then disappeared. I can’t remember hour long I was watching, but it was a good amount of time

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Is there life at Alpha Centauri? Astronomers will launch a telescope into low-Earth orbit in 2023 to search for habitable planets orbiting our closest star system

Is there life at Alpha Centauri? Astronomers will launch a telescope into low-Earth orbit in 2023 to search for habitable planets orbiting our closest star system

  • Breakthrough Initiatives and the University of Sydney are working on the project
  • It will see a telescope launched into low Earth orbit to study Alpha Centauri
  • This is the nearest star system to the Earth and could host habitable planets
  • The new telescope will be designed to look for planets in the habitable zone 

The search for 'another Earth' has been a staple of science fiction for decades, and now a group of astronomers hope to discover one on our galactic doorstep.

Alpha Centauri is a triple star system just over four light years from the Earth, split into a pair of sun-like stars known as AB, and a red dwarf called Proxima Centauri.

So far planets have only been found orbiting Proxima Centauri, but experts from the University of Sydney and Breakthrough Initiatives believe they will find a world orbiting the larger binary pair using a new privately funded telescope. 

Known as the Toliman mission, it will launch in 2023 and scan Alpha Centauri AB for worlds in the habitable zone, where liquid water can flow on the surface.

The team hope to be able to say whether there are habitable worlds orbiting either or both of the binary stars by the middle of this decade. 

Professor Peter Tuthill, project leader from the University of Sydney, told MailOnline there was a 30 per cent chance of finding at least one planet orbiting Alpha Centauri AB, but it is difficult to properly assess due to the fact it is a binary star system.

A simulated view of what the TOLIMAN telescope could see of the Alpha Centauri binary through its diffractive pupil lens

A simulated view of what the TOLIMAN telescope could see of the Alpha Centauri binary through its diffractive pupil lens 

The closest star system to the Earth is the famous Alpha Centauri group. Located in the constellation of Centaurus (The Centaur), at a distance of 4.3 light-years, this system is made up of the binary formed by the stars Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, plus the faint red dwarf Alpha Centauri C, also known as Proxima Centauri

The closest star system to the Earth is the famous Alpha Centauri group. Located in the constellation of Centaurus (The Centaur), at a distance of 4.3 light-years, this system is made up of the binary formed by the stars Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, plus the faint red dwarf Alpha Centauri C, also known as Proxima Centauri

ALPHA CENTAURI: OUR NEAREST CELESTIAL NEIGHBOUR

Alpha Centauri is the closest star system to the Earth.

It includes three stars, two that are Sun-like in a binary pairing, and a third smaller red dwarf star.

The red dwarf, known as Proxima Centauri, is the closest star to the sun at 4.246 light years.

The binary pair includes Rigil Kentaurus, or Centauri A, and Toliman, also known as Centauri B.  

Rigil Kentaurus has 1.1 times the mass and 1.519 times the luminosity of the Sun, while Toliman is smaller and cooler, at 0.907 times the Sun's mass and 0.445 times its luminosity.  

From the Earth they appear as a single larger star, called Alpha Centauri AB.

With an apparent magnitude of −0.27, it is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus and the third-brightest in the night sky, outshone by Sirius and Canopus.  

They orbit around a common centre with a period of 79.91 years, however it is elliptical, ranging from the distance between Saturn and the sun to the distance between Pluto and the sun.

Alpha Centauri C, or Proxima Centauri, is 0.21 light years from the binary pair. 

Proxima Centauri has two planets: Proxima b, an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered in 2016; and Proxima c, a super-Earth about 1.5 AU from the red dwarf star. 

No planets have been confirmed around either Alpha Centauri A or B, but astronomers speculate there will be planets around one or both. 

While the cost hasn't been revealed, it will in part be funded by a $788,000 (£425,000) grant from the Australian government and includes work by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Saber Astronautics in Australia. 

It is expected to be a multimillion dollar project, but will cost less than $20m. 

TOLIMAN stands for Telescope for Orbit Locus Interferometric Monitoring of our Astronomical Neighbourhood, but is also the ancient Arabic name for the star. 

It is a new approach to exoplanet discovery, creating a telescope to focus on the nearest star systems, looking for potentially habitable worlds, instead of just any world. 

The telescope uses a diffractive pupil lense - a mirror that spreads starlight captured from nearby stars into a complex flower-like pattern.

This pattern makes it easier to detect perturbances of star movements that are the tell-tale signs of orbiting planets.

'Our nearest stellar neighbours – the Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri systems – are turning out to be extraordinarily interesting,' said Dr Pete Worden, Executive Director of the Breakthrough Initiatives, which is funding the mission.

'The TOLIMAN mission will be a huge step towards finding out if planets capable of supporting life exist there.'

Professor Tuthill said this will present a new window on the universe, including our nearest neighbour.

'Astronomers have access to amazing technologies that allow us to find thousands of planets circling stars across vast reaches of the galaxy,' he said. 

'Yet we hardly know anything about our own celestial backyard. It is a modern problem to have; we are like net-savvy urbanites whose social media connections are global, but we don't know anyone living on our own block.'

Having such a blind spot in our understanding of the local universe has 'important consequences' for astronomy, according to Prof Tuthill.  

'These next-door planets are the ones where we have the best prospects for finding and analysing atmospheres, surface chemistry and possibly even the fingerprints of a biosphere – the tentative signals of life,' he added.

Alpha%20Centauri.gif
Telescope mirror engraving for TOLIMAN. Alpha Centauri is a triple star system just over four light years from the Earth, split into a pair of sun-like stars known as AB, and a red dwarf called Proxima Centauri

Telescope mirror engraving for TOLIMAN. Alpha Centauri is a triple star system just over four light years from the Earth, split into a pair of sun-like stars known as AB, and a red dwarf called Proxima Centauri

The team believe that either or both of the two stars in Alpha Centauri AB may host temperate planets - those with flowing water that could host life.

The third star, Proxima Centauri, is already believed to have one planet in a 'Goldilocks orbit', discovered in 2016.

Breakthrough Initiatives, founded by Israeli science and technology investor and philanthropist Yuri Milner, which is supporting the mission, has a number of programs engaged in the hunt for alien life throughout the universe. 

Its Starshot mission hopes to one day send a fleet of tiny probes to Alpha Centauri, flying using lightsails - a mission that will take 20 years from launch, and four years to send any information back to the Earth.

Proposed TOLIMAN mission telescope design. The team believe that either or both of the two stars in Alpha Centauri AB may host temperate planets - those with flowing water that could host life

Proposed TOLIMAN mission telescope design. The team believe that either or both of the two stars in Alpha Centauri AB may host temperate planets - those with flowing water that could host life

Our closest neighbours: Alpha and Proxima Centauri are just four light years away, here photographed in visible and x-ray spectra

Our closest neighbours: Alpha and Proxima Centauri are just four light years away, here photographed in visible and x-ray spectra

Scientists are developing a laser-powered SAIL that they claim could allow us to travel 24 TRILLION miles to our closest star system in 20 years 

It is our nearest star system and offers perhaps the best chance of finding alien life – but reaching Alpha Centauri with current technology would take thousands of years.

The good news is scientists may just have found a way to get there in the space of a human lifetime.

It involves a laser-powered sail they claim could one day allow us to travel 24 trillion miles and reach our closest stellar neighbour within 20 years.

The new type of spacecraft propulsion system has been designed by scientists from the Australian National University (ANU).

The Breakthrough Starshot project calls for the design of an ultra-lightweight spacecraft, which acts as a light-sail, to travel with unprecedented speed to the triple star system 4.37 light-years away.

While that is a large distance in terrestrial terms, it is three times closer than the next nearest Sun-like star.

The concept would see probes launched into space by the laser propulsion system.

Light to power the sail would come from the Earth's surface – with millions of lasers joining forces to illuminate the sail and push it onto its interstellar journey. 

Other projects, including TOLIMAN, have been designed to find planets and search for life in our stellar neighbourhood.

Pete Klupar, Chief Engineer of Breakthrough Watch, said: 'These nearby planets are where humanity will take our first steps into interstellar space using high-speed, futuristic, robotic probes.

'If we consider the nearest few dozen stars, we expect a handful of rocky planets like Earth orbiting at the right distance for liquid surface water to be possible.'

Saber Astronautics will provide spaceflight mission operations support, including satellite communications and command, space traffic management and a range of other flight services to download data from the satellite. 

Dr Jason Held, CEO of Saber Astronautics, said: 'TOLIMAN is a mission that Australia should be very proud of – it is an exciting, bleeding-edge space telescope supplied by an exceptional international collaboration. It will be a joy to fly this bird.' 

Dr Eduardo Bendek, a member of the team from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said it is a huge technological challenge finding planets orbiting even the nearest and brightest stars in our galactic neighbourhood.

'Our TOLIMAN mission will launch a custom-designed space telescope that makes extremely fine measurements of the position of the star in the sky. If there is a planet orbiting the star, it will tug on the star betraying a tiny, but measurable, wobble.'

Most of the thousands of known planets outside the solar system have been discovered using space telescopes such as NASA's Kepler and TESS missions.

Finding exoplanets close to home will take more finely tuned instruments, which is where the TOLIMAN mission comes in.

Mr Klupar said: 'The signal we are looking for requires a real leap in precision measurement.'

Professor Tuthill added: 'Nobody is underestimating the challenge, but our innovative design incorporates new tricks. Our plan is for an agile, low-cost mission that delivers results by about the middle of the decade.' 

Pictured, a not-to-scale representation of how far away Proxima B is from Earth compared to Voyager 1, the farthest man-made object which was launched in 1977

Pictured, a not-to-scale representation of how far away Proxima B is from Earth compared to Voyager 1, the farthest man-made object which was launched in 1977 

He told MailOnline he has spent time looking at the odds of finding a planet, and it isn't a question with a single clear answer.

'There are a few unknowns that the present state of astronomy knowledge are not yet up to answering,' he explained. 

'I think taking a moderately pessimistic case, then there is at least, say a 30% chance of at least 1 planet, and the more optimistic forecasts predict several planets.

'The problem here is the binary star,' Alpha Centauri AB, as 'nobody really knows what the implications of that are, so these numbers are under debate.'

He said TOLIMAN hopes to be able to view any planet the mass of Earth or larger - if it is the size of Mars or smaller then it won't be visible, even if it exists. 

'We are searching for Earth Analogs. Surely, eventually however, technology will catch up and we will exhaustively survey the Alpha Cen system.' 

BREAKTHROUGH STARSHOT 

The project involves deploying thousands of tiny spacecraft to travel to our nearest star system and send back pictures.

If successful, scientists could determine if Alpha Centauri, a star system about 25 trillion miles away, contains an Earth-like planet.

The catch: It could take years to develop the project, dubbed Breakthrough Starshot, and there is no guarantee it will work.

The small light-propelled vehicles will carry equipment like cameras and communication equipment.

This involves a ground-based light beamer pushing ultra-light nanocrafts – miniature space probes attached to lightsails – to speeds of up to 100 million miles an hour. 

Such a system would allow a flyby mission to reach Alpha Centauri in just over 20 years from launch.

Breakthrough Starshot aims to demonstrate proof of concept for ultra-fast light-driven nanocrafts, and lay the foundations for a first launch to Alpha Centauri within the next generation. Along the way, the project could generate important supplementary benefits to astronomy, including solar system exploration and detection of Earth-crossing asteroids.

Scientists hope the vehicles, known as nanocraft, will eventually fly at 20 per cent of the speed of lightt.

'The thing would look like the chip from your cell phone with this very thin gauzy light sail,' said Nasa's Pete Worden

'It would be something like 10, 12 feet across.'

He envisions sending a larger conventional spacecraft containing thousands of nanocraft into orbit, and then launching the nanocraft.

If they reach the star system and succeed in taking photographs, it would take about another four years to transmit them back. 

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Is there life at Alpha Centauri? New space telescope to seek out habitable planets around sun's neighboring star

Is there life at Alpha Centauri? New space telescope to seek out habitable planets around sun's neighboring star

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The Great Pyramid of Giza “is proof of alien technology”

The Great Pyramid of Giza “is proof of alien technology”

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In recent years, several enigmatic discoveries have been made at the Great Pyramid of Giza that have led to the formulation of various theories. Is it possible that this amazing monument is proof of ancient alien technology?

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The Amazon Prime documentary shows valid arguments to suspect the technology used in the construction of the pyramids.

The Giza pyramid complex is regarded as the greatest feat   of human engineering of all time. Many engineers have tried to replicate the Great Pyramid of Giza today,  without success .

If we still can’t build them .. What technology did the ancient Egyptians use? Is it possible that a stranger? “One  brought from space .”

The Great Pyramid of Giza and the mystery of its construction

Most hypotheses about  advanced ancient civilizations  and ancient astronauts are totally rejected.

However, archaeologists and historians who are not governed by the mainstream of history have  arguments  that are too convincing to ignore.

One of the latest documentaries on the subject featured on Amazon Prime, called “Egypt Exposed: The True Origins of Civilization,” showed an interview with Robert Bauval.

The alternative theory enthusiast laid out a compelling story that shows a strong possibility that the pyramids were built using  advanced technology .

Bauval locates the origins of civilization in Ancient Egypt and Africa, connecting the stars and astrology with the pyramids, hieroglyphs and other elements. Doing his own research in the Cairo museum, he became convinced that the Egyptians did not.

He revealed that in a room where the museum keeps the  relics of the builders , there is a wall with a huge photograph. It was taken by the Egyptian Air Force in 1950, it showed a  direct overhead of the 3 pyramids .

Robert Bauvall raised the question, since in the early 1950s, there was no internet, so he was surprised to see an aerial image, since they  were not common at that time . Much less satellite images.

He took a photograph of the image on the wall and developed it into black and white film. The man described the photograph;

“There were three pyramids, two very large, clearly in a diagonal line. The base of the pyramid is a square, and it had 2 squares along the diagonal. The third pyramid was much smaller, and is offset to the east or the left side.

Was the Great Pyramid of Giza built with alien technology?

He explained that Egyptologists believe that the kings who built the pyramids were  megalomaniacs .

Clean energy and electricity

Another documentary, this time from Netflix, called ” The Pyramid Code, ” archaeologists and theorists claimed that ancient Egyptians sought the Great Pyramid of Giza for clean energy.

Theorist Abd’el Hakimawyan explained:

“From that place, you know, maybe it was the energy of the Earth it seems as if they were trying to control the flow of this energy and use it for their own purposes.”

It is believed that the energy of the pyramids was not only used by the ancient Egyptians, but by  other civilizations such  as the Mayans. Meanwhile, it has also been claimed that the ancient Egyptians revealed advanced technology in their hieroglyphs.

This is further explained on the YouTube channel “Strange Mysteries”, where the narrator mentions that the hieroglyphs depict ancient Egyptians using electricity with a light bulb.

It is extremely difficult to think that this civilization of more than 4,000 years could handle electricity, unless they have obtained the advanced knowledge necessary to do so … Who gave it to them?

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousthing.com/ }

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Three Possible Alien Agendas: Upgrade Us, Colonize Earth, or Warn Us

Three Possible Alien Agendas: Upgrade Us, Colonize Earth, or Warn Us

COAST TO COAST AM – November 2021. Jon Sumple of j3FILMS is the director and one of the producers of the new documentary film, Extraordinary: The Revelations. In the first hour, he discussed the approach he took to the subject of the historical significance of extraterrestrial presence. 
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The film is targeted to people who many not have been exposed to the topic.
Sumple explained, adding it provides context for phenomena that has been documented as far back as 40,000 years ago in cave paintings. 
According to Sumple, there are three paradigms that define the alien agenda: ascension (ETs are here to upgrade us), colonization (ETs are here to take over), and biblical (ETs are in the Bible and are repeating what has happened in the past).
"Which one is right we don't know," he noted, suggesting there may be components of each view that are correct.
  

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Eerie video captures elusive, alien-like squid gliding in the Gulf of Mexico

Eerie video captures elusive, alien-like squid gliding in the Gulf of Mexico

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HAVE ALIENS VISITED EARTH? THESE SCIENTISTS WANT TO LOOK FOR THEIR TRASH

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HAVE ALIENS VISITED EARTH? THESE SCIENTISTS WANT TO LOOK FOR THEIR TRASH

An alien civilization may have already sent a probe to study our planet.

ON SEPTEMBER 5, 1977, the Voyager 1 space probe launched into space. As the mission was bound out of the Solar System, NASA packed Voyager 1 (and its companion, Voyager 2) with a golden phonographic record that contained sounds and sights from Earth that displayed the diversity of life on our planet.

The record included the sounds of birds and other animals, wind and thunder, greetings said in 55 different languages, a survey of music from Earth, a picture of street traffic in Thailand, and a woman breastfeeding, among different displays of human society.

The package was meant for an advanced, interstellar traveling alien civilization that would encounter the Voyager 1 probe.

Now, a team of scientists suggests that Earth should look out for similar probes in orbit around our planet — or at least what’s left of them. A recent study on the preprint server arXiv suggests looking for space debris leftover by alien probes sent to visit Earth.

Scientists have recently ramped up their search for life beyond Earth by searching for signatures leftover by an advanced extraterrestrial civilization.

SETI (Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence) is a series of interrelated programs looking for intelligent life beyond our solar system by scanning the skies for radio signals or technosignatures — signals emitted by any sort of technology from an alien civilization.

The new study proposes an additional way of conducting SETI work.

Noordung's Three-Unit Space Station Concept , 1929. Depiction of a three-unit space station as seen ...

Hello?

Heritage Images/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

WHERE CAN YOU HIDE AN ALIEN PROBE?

The team of researchers behind the new study suggests that an advanced alien civilization may have sent over a space probe to observe the Earth within the past 100,000 years or so.

Some of these alien probes may have remained in high-altitude orbits around Earth, namely the geosynchronous Earth orbits (GEOs).

The GEOs is an Earth-centered orbit that matches the planet’s rotation on its axis. It’s a low orbit around Earth, with a period of about 23 hours and 56 minutes.

The space probe in GEO would remain above Earth at a steady longitude, nearly in the same spot. The new study suggests that this orbit may have been ideal for monitoring humans.

Once the probe stops operating, it would disintegrate into space debris. However, those pieces of debris can remain in orbit for millions of years before being crushed into tiny fragments by any future collisions.

If the light from the Sun hits those pieces of debris, they will give off a fast, transient glint. When the reflective surface of the alien space junk lines up with the Sun from the observer's perspective, telescopes could observe this short-lived glint.

HOW TO FIND ALIEN SPACESHIPS NEAR EARTH

The authors of the recent study suggest using the VASCO citizen science project, which aims to identify vanishing stars by searching through astronomical surveys that span across a 70 years time interval. The paper suggests looking for repeating glints along a straight line, or triple glints that could indicate a rotating dish.

The VASCO project would be ideal for this search because it contains archival images that predate 1957, when the first space probe, Sputnik, was launched into space. These images of the sky will be free of any space debris that came from human civilization.

Instead, any artificial debris detected pre-1957 might be leftover from an alien spacecraft that visited Earth in the past.

“While the VASCO program aims to search for vanishing stars, its methodology is capable of discovering other, unexpected features in the data,” the authors write. “By piggybacking on VASCO’s ‘vanishing star’ classifications, one has ample opportunity to collect glints from artificial objects.”

Abstract: 
An advanced extraterrestrial civilisation that has discovered the Earth might have sent probes here. In this paper, we present a simple strategy to identify Non-Terrestrial artefacts (NTAs) in geosynchronous Earth orbits (GEOs). We show that even the small pieces of reflective debris in orbit around the Earth can be identified through searches for multiple transients in old photographic plate material exposed before the launch of first human satellite in 1957. In order to separate between possible false point-like sources on photographic plates from real reflections, we include calculations to show that at least four or five point sources along a line within a 10 ∗ 10 arcmin2 image box are a good indicator of NTAs, corresponding to significance levels of 2.5 and 3.9σ. The given methodology will be used to set an upper limit to the prevalence of NTAs with reflective surfaces in geosynchronous orbits.

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People Convinced They Can See Alien In Latest Photos From NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover

People Convinced They Can See Alien In Latest Photos From NASA's Perseverance Mars Rover

Tom Sanders

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New Paper Shows Wormholes Can Work Without Collapsing Before You Get to the Other Side

airplane-in-the-wormhole-1024x582-999x540.jpg

New Paper Shows Wormholes Can Work Without Collapsing Before You Get to the Other Side

If you’re one of those people who knows that an ‘Einstein–Rosen bridge’ is the formal name for a wormhole, then you probably know that neither Albert Einstein nor Nathan Rosen would set foot in their theoretical namesake because they knew it might not stay stable long enough to get from one side of the universe to the other through a wormhole-connected black hole and white hole – the mirror image of a black hole at the exit. However, if astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington and physicist David Finkelstein were here, they might convince Einstein and Rosen to follow them down the wormhole because a new paper maintains that it will remain stable and the proof is in their Eddington-Finkelstein metric. Wait … what?

“The Eddington-Finkelstein metric is obtained from the Schwarzschild metric by a change of the time variable. It is well known that a test mass falling into a black hole does not reach the event horizon for any finite value of the Schwarzschild time variable t. By contrast, we show that the event horizon is reached for a finite value of the Eddington-Finkelstein time variable t′. Then we study in Eddington-Finkelstein time the fate of a massive particle traversing an Einstein-Rosen bridge and obtain a different conclusion than recent proposals in the literature: we show that the particle reaches the wormhole throat for a finite value t′1 of the time marker t′, and continues its trajectory across the throat for t′>t′1. Such a behavior does not make sense in Schwarzschild time since it would amount to continuing the trajectory of the particle “beyond the end of time.”

Arthur Stanley Eddington

There … now do you understand? That’s the abstract from “Infall time in the Eddington-Finkelstein metric, with application to Einstein-Rosen bridges,” the paper written by Pascal Koiran for publication in the journal General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology on how those four geniuses plus Koiran and any of you brave enough to follow them would survive a trip through space-time in a stable wormhole. Fortunately, Live Science was able to explain the concept in terms non-geniuses can kind of understand.

A metric is a way to get from here to there. For most points in space, there are a lot of metrics (think of the options offered by your GPS – by car, by bus, on foot). For wormholes, Einstein and Rosen used the Schwarzschild metric from general relativity, which predicts that an object passing though a wormhole will break down (i.e. be destroyed) when it reaches the black hole’s event horizon – the point where not even light can escape. Koiran, a Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon (a French institute of higher learning) computer scientist, took a different path – the Eddington-Finkelstein metric provides a route for a particle to cross the event horizon, enter the wormhole and exit out the white hole at other side in a finite amount of time without any instability or destruction.

David Ritz Finkelstein

Did Koiran drop the mic and book a trip through the nearest wormhole? Unfortunately, metric didn’t misbehave at any point in that trajectory. The Eddington-Finkelstein metric only solves the gravity challenge of getting past the black holes at either end of the wormhole – it doesn’t address the thermodynamics – heat and energy — inside the wormhole which other theories suggest would break the lack-hole-wormhole-white-hole apart before anyone could set foot in it. What Koiran’s paper does prove is that traveling through a wormhole is not impossible nor a death sentence – general relativity says so. All we need is the right metric.

Can you plug a black hole and a white hole into Google Maps?

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Bob Lazar Explains What We See via UAP Research

Bob Lazar Explains What We See via UAP Research

OIP(173).jpg

The only qualified person that can really explain what we see in this video from 1991 is of course Bob Lazar. Why do UFO move so goofy? What is this glow? Bob gives us the answers in easy to understand terms. The full video presentation will follow shortly. Just for clarification: This VHS video was shot from Mailbox Road on public land. This is an unedited original 720x40p VHS recording and not a night vision recording.

As background I have used a photo showing the mountain range. The mountains have been carefully placed in the right position with an accuracy of 5-10 meters. How I achieved this and much more will be explained in our upload: Project Mailbox. The camera is looking South West towards a mountain range called White Sides. Some “expert debunkers” claim that this is a test of a laser induced plasma ball.

When you look at the position of the UFO when it dives in front of the mountain the laser would have been standing outside of Area 51 on public land and quite near the location of the filmer. So the plasma balls theory can be thrown in the bin, just like the planet theory that this is Mars, Venus, Jupiter, our Moon or the landing light of an airplane.

Sorry debunkers but you either have to think of a new theory or you can accept that you cannot explain what it is and therefore an unknown flying object.

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UFOs FLY OVER PLANE IN LOS ANGELES!! : Alien madness on the air

UFOs FLY OVER PLANE IN LOS ANGELES!! : Alien madness on the air

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Description of Sighting Report - MUFON Case 119255
Standing in my back yard, my little nephew looks into the sky and was like, what in the world is that. I looked up and saw 2 UFOs hovering in the sky.

They were side by side, round, dark metallic objects. I immediately took my phone out, which is an iPhone 12 Pro Max, and recorded 8 total minutes of these objects in 4k video in a total of 3 videos.

The video quality is exceptionally good but the objects were still far away and at times looked blurry almost looking like they were trying to cloak or disappear in a way.

At first they were close by and then moved a ways apart and then back close together before heading west towards Fort Polk military base. During the event, a passenger jet flew right underneath the two UFOs.

In the video you can clearly tell these things aren’t jets or planes or drones or anything like that. I’ve seen things like this plenty of times before in my life. I instantly knew what this was or have some kind of idea what it isn’t. They definitely weren’t stars because of the time of day. They weren’t satellites or drones. I’ve seen like 40 to 50 starlink satellites in a row before just like the video that y’all have up.

I have a star and satellite tracker app on my phone and nothing showed up on my app. Also, I served 6 years in the Army and 18 months in combat in Sadr City, Baghdad, Iraq 2008-2010.

I know what drones look and sound like. The event happened at 4:45 pm a day after daylight savings time changed. The objects at points were glowing bright in the sky almost like stars. The sun was just starting to go down, so I’m sure the objects were some kind of dark metallic reflective metal because the sun was reflecting off of them.

That’s the only reason we saw them was because of how bright they were shinning. Other than that, they just looked like black balls hovering in the sky.

They looked to be rotating at times. I’ve seen things like this in the sky before. I’ve seen triangles flying faster than anything I’ve ever seen in my life twice within a 2 week period.

My first experience witnessing UFOs was in 2006 just getting out of basic training and AIT for the Army. I was at my moms in the same city as I am in now. It was 9:45pm and there was an F-18 fighter jet circling my neighborhood.

It was so loud that it was rattling the pictures on the walls. I walked outside to see all of my neighbors standing outside staring up at the sky watching this jet fly in circles.

My mom walked outside and as soon as she did, the F-18 flew in the center of the circle towards what appeared to be two bright glowing stars at the time. When the jet got closer the 2 stars took off from a dead standstill.

You could clearly tell that these glowing starlike objects weren’t planes or anything else of that nature. The object on the right side appeared to fly upwards into outer space and disappeared and the other object flew West then SW and the F-18 chased it until we couldn’t see it anymore.

I had never seen anything take off from a dead standstill and fly faster than a fighter jet. Every hair on my body stood straight up and at that moment in time, I quickly realized, we are not alone in this universe.

That moment changed my life. Since then, I keep my eyes in the sky and I have witnessed several things that are unexplainable.

I always try to logically explain things or debunk things before assuming it’s UFO or UAP. The 3 videos are in order as to what we saw. The 1st video is 0:14 seconds then the 2nd video is 4:17 and the 3rd is 3:21. The 2nd video (4:17) is the one where the jet flys underneath these 2 objects @ 1:16. I’ve zoomed in and have taken a few screen shots which I will post also.

Nothing really crazy happens in the videos. It’s just something unexplainable and I would love to know what exactly they are and what are they doing here. I try to keep an open mind about everything because there’s so much out there that we as humans have no earthly idea about. We assume things but in all reality, we actually don’t know. Enlightenment would be nice.

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Aliens in Alaska – The Mother Ship S01E06

Aliens in Alaska – The Mother Ship S01E06

aliens-in-alaska-2021

Ancient Aliens – The Mother Ship

Season 1, Episode 6

3rd May 2021, Discovery+

A man finds a mysterious implant in his leg after a nighttime snowmobile ride. Four friends witness the same eerie light An amateur photographer captures floating orbs on camera. UFOs circle a larger, egg-shaped mother ship floating high above Anchorage. A brother and sister watch in awe as a massive aircraft disappears behind a mountain range.

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The U.S. Might Get Its Own UFO Investigations Office

The U.S. Might Get Its Own UFO Investigations Office

The Anomaly Surveillance and Resolution Office would investigate sightings of "unidentified aerial phenomena."

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TOLIMAN Space Telescope Will Look for Potentially Habitable Exoplanets in Alpha Centauri System

TOLIMAN Space Telescope Will Look for Potentially Habitable Exoplanets in Alpha Centauri System

Astronomers from the University of Sydney, the Breakthrough Initiative, Saber Aeronautics and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory announced this week the TOLIMAN (Telescope for Orbit Locus Interferometric Monitoring of our Astronomical Neighbourhood) mission, which will look for planets in the habitable zone around stars in the triple-star system Alpha Centauri. Toliman is also the Arabic-derived name of Alpha Centauri.

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This image shows the closest stellar system to the Sun, the bright double star Alpha Centauri AB and its distant and faint companion Proxima Centauri.

Image credit: ESO / B. Tafreshi, twanight.org / Digitized Sky Survey 2 / Davide De Martin / Mahdi Zamani.

Alpha Centauri, also known as Rigil Kentaurus, Rigil Kent and Gliese 559, is located in the constellation of Centaurus.

This triple system is made up of the bright binary star formed by Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B, plus the faint red dwarf Alpha Centauri C.

The two brighter components are roughly 4.35 light years away from Earth. Alpha Centauri C, better known as Proxima Centauri, is slightly closer at 4.23 light years.

Compared to the Sun, Alpha Centauri A is of the same stellar type G2, and slightly bigger. Alpha Centauri B, a K1-type star, is slightly smaller and less bright.

Alpha Centauri A and B orbit a common center of gravity once every 80 years, with a minimum distance of about 11 times the distance between the Earth and the Sun.

Three planets are currently known in the Alpha Centauri system: a warm sub-Neptune around Alpha Centauri A and two planets — Earth-mass Proxima b and much massive Proxima c — around Proxima Centauri.

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The proposed TOLIMAN space telescope with a candidate telescope mirror pattern known as a diffractive pupil. Rather than concentrating the starlight into a tight focused beam as is usually done for optical systems, TOLIMAN has a strongly featured pattern, spreading starlight into a complex flower pattern that, paradoxically, makes it easier to register the fine detail required in the measurement to detect the small wobbles a planet would make in the star’s motion.
Image credit: Tuthill et al., doi: 10.1117/12.2313269.

“Our nearest stellar neighbors — the Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri systems — are turning out to be extraordinarily interesting,” said Dr. Pete Worden, executive director of the Breakthrough Initiatives.

“The TOLIMAN mission will be a huge step towards finding out if planets capable of supporting life exist there.”

“Astronomers have access to amazing technologies that allow us to find thousands of planets circling stars across vast reaches of the Galaxy. Yet we hardly know anything about our own celestial backyard,” added TOLIMAN project leader Professor Peter Tuthill, an astronomer in the Sydney Institute for Astronomy at the University of Sydney.

“It is a modern problem to have; we are like net-savvy urbanites whose social media connections are global, but we don’t know anyone living on our own block. This blind spot in our local knowledge has important consequences.”

“Getting to know our planetary neighbors is hugely important,” he added.

“These next-door planets are the ones where we have the best prospects for finding and analyzing atmospheres, surface chemistry and possibly even the fingerprints of a biosphere — the tentative signals of life.”

“These nearby planets are where humanity will take our first steps into interstellar space using high-speed, futuristic, robotic probes,” said Pete Klupar, chief engineer of Breakthrough Watch.

“If we consider the nearest few dozen stars, we expect a handful of rocky planets like Earth orbiting at the right distance for liquid surface water to be possible.”

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A simulated image of Alpha Centauri AB as observed in narrowband light through the TOLIMAN telescope.
Image credit: Tuthill et al., doi: 10.1117/12.2313269.

“TOLIMAN is a mission that Australia should be very proud of — it is an exciting, bleeding-edge space telescope supplied by an exceptional international collaboration. It will be a joy to fly this bird,” said Dr. Jason Held, CEO of Saber Astronautics.

“Even for the very nearest bright stars in the night sky, finding planets is a huge technological challenge,” said TOLIMAN team member Dr. Eduardo Bendek, a researcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

“Our TOLIMAN mission will launch a custom-designed space telescope that makes extremely fine measurements of the position of the star in the sky. If there is a planet orbiting the star, it will tug on the star betraying a tiny, but measurable, wobble.”

_____

  • Peter Tuthill et al. 2018. The TOLIMAN space telescope. Proc. SPIE 10701, Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VI, 107011J; doi: 10.1117/12.2313269

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Germinating Pine Cone Found Encased in Baltic Amber

Germinating Pine Cone Found Encased in Baltic Amber

Seed germination — a crucial stage in the development of all plants — normally occurs in the soil after the seed has fallen from the mother plant. In some infrequent instances, precocious germination — a type of viviparity or vivipary — occurs when the seed sprouts while still within the fruit. In a new paper published in the journal Historical Biology, Oregon State University’s Professor George Poinar Jr. described the first case of precocious germination of a fossil plant involving a number of seeds that have germinated in a pine cone embedded in a piece of 40-million-year-old (Eocene epoch) Baltic amber.

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A 40-million-year-old cone of Pinus cembrifolia in a piece of Eocene Baltic amber.

Image credit: George Poinar Jr., Oregon State University.

“Crucial to the development of all plants, seed germination typically occurs in the ground after a seed has fallen,” Professor Poinar said.

“We tend to associate viviparity — embryonic development while still inside the parent — with animals and forget that it does sometimes occur in plants. Most typically, by far, those occurrences involve angiosperms.”

“Angiosperms, which directly or indirectly provide most of the food people eat, have flowers and produce seeds enclosed in fruit.”

“Seed germination in fruits is fairly common in plants that lack seed dormancy, like tomatoes, peppers and grapefruit, and it happens for a variety of reasons. But it’s rare in gymnosperms.”

Precocious germination in pine cones is so rare that only one naturally occurring example of this condition, from 1965, has been described in the scientific literature.

“That’s part of what makes this discovery so intriguing, even beyond that it’s the first fossil record of plant viviparity involving seed germination,” Professor Poinar said.

“I find it fascinating that the seeds in this small pine cone could start to germinate inside the cone and the sprouts could grow out so far before they perished in the resin.”

“At the sprouts’ tips are needle clusters, some in bundles of five, associating the fossil with the extinct pine species Pinus cembrifolia, which was previously described from Baltic amber.”

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Needles at tip of Pinus cembrifolia’s hypocotyl.
Image credit: George Poinar Jr., Oregon State University.

According to the scientist, viviparity in plants typically shows up in one of two ways.

“Precocious germination is the more common of the two, the other being vegetative viviparity, such as when a bulbil emerges directly from the flower head of a parent plant,” he said.

“In the case of seed viviparity in this fossil, the seeds produced embryonic stems that are quite evident in the amber.”

“Whether those stems, known as hypocotyls, appeared before the cone became encased in amber is unclear. However, based on their position, it appears that some growth, if not most, occurred after the pine cone fell into the resin.”

Research on viviparity in extant gymnosperms suggests the condition could be linked to winter frosts.

“Light frosts would have been possible if the Baltic amber forest had a humid, warm-temperate environment as has been posited,” Professor Poinar said.

“This is the first fossil record of seed viviparity in plants but this condition probably occurred quite a bit earlier than this Eocene record.”

“There’s no reason why vegetative viviparity couldn’t have occurred hundreds of millions of years ago in ancient spore-bearing plants like ferns and lycopods.”

_____

  • George Poinar Jr. Precocious germination of a pine cone in Eocene Baltic amber. Historical Biology, published online November 8, 2021; doi: 10.1080/08912963.2021.2001808

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French Prankster Tricks Everyone With Fake UFO Sightings and an Alien With a Crashed Spaceship

French Prankster Tricks Everyone With Fake UFO Sightings and an Alien With a Crashed Spaceship

LORI DORN

The brilliant French prankster Rémi Gaillard, who has pulled off some wild hoaxes in the past, really outdid himself by creating highly believable UFO sightings in Southern France that the media lapped up with glee. The sightings then led to a stray alien with a crashed spaceship showing up in rather odd but commonplace locations.

Gaillard, who is the master of straight face comedy, portrayed the wayward alien who blocked traffic, tried to get the spaceship towed by a local garage, called the fire service for assitance, and even tried to steal a cow, as aliens often do.

UFOs spotted in France : behind the scenes of the hoax that fooled the media… Here is my new prank video ! Watch out, they’re coming

Fake Alien Tries to Steal Cow

Gaillard stated that his pulled this prank in order to fool the media.

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Bizarre UFO Appears To Be Captured On Doorbell Camera

Bizarre UFO Appears To Be Captured On Doorbell Camera

UFO Video (Credit: Screenshot/YouTube Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MMpo45cizU)

DAVID HOOKSTEAD - SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT EDITOR
An apparent UFO was captured on video, and it’s a sight to behold.

In a YouTube video shared by Dogtooth Media, three bright orbs could be seen moving in the sky in an unknown location, and they all appeared to be connected. 

Dogtooth Media wrote the following description on the video:

This is the chilling moment a UFO was spotted floating over a residential street – as a trio of lights in a triangular formation were caught on camera slowly making their way across the sky.

Matt Doughty was watching TV with his friend Kevin Barritt last month when his phone pinged with a notification from his smart doorbell, warning something was outside his front door.

The 43-year-old then played the captured footage and was amazed as he watched the eerie scene unfold, with an unidentified flying object gliding through the sky with three bright lights beaming through the darkness.

Give the video a watch below. It’s definitely interesting.

I don’t know what that is in the sky, but it definitely doesn’t look like a plane or a helicopter. If it were either, I’m not sure why the lights would be positioned the way they are.

Is it possible it’s just an optical illusion captured on camera? I suppose so, but it seems unlikely.

As many of you know, I’m fascinated by UFOs and whatever they might be. I truly have no idea, but at this point, can anyone truly deny something strange isn’t going on?

I think the answer to that is no. There are simply too many examples of unexplained events, and it’s not like people wearing tinfoil hats are making the claims.

Our own government has released videos captured by fighter jet pilots. Clearly, something out of the ordinary is happening.

Let us know in the comments what you think it is!

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The chase for fusion energy

The chase for fusion energy

An emerging industry of nuclear-fusion firms promises to have commercial reactors ready in the next decade.

People wearing protective equipment are dwarfed by a huge metal vessel.

The ancient village of Culham, nestled in a bend of the River Thames west of London, seems an unlikely launching pad for the future. But next year, construction will start here on a gleaming building of glass and steel that could house what many people consider to be an essential technology to meet demand for clean energy in the twenty-first century and beyond.

Long derided as a prospect that is forever 30 years away, nuclear fusion seems finally to be approaching commercial viability. There are now more than 30 private fusion firms globally, according to an October survey by the Fusion Industry Association (FIA) in Washington DC, which represents companies in the sector; the 18 firms that have declared their funding say they have attracted more than US$2.4 billion in total, almost entirely from private investments (see ‘Fusion funding’). Key to these efforts are advances in materials research and computing that are enabling technologies other than the standard designs that national and international agencies have pursued for so long.

FUSION FUNDING

Private fusion firms have disclosed more than $2.4 billion in funding.

TAE Technologies 880 US$ million

Helion Energy 578

Commonwealth Fusion Systems 250

General Fusion 200

Tokamak Energy 200

Other (12 firms) 302

The latest venture at Culham — the hub of UK fusion research for decades — is a demonstration plant for General Fusion (GF), a company based in Burnaby, Canada. It is scheduled to start operating in 2025, and the company aims to have reactors for sale in the early 2030s. It “will be the first power-plant-relevant large-scale demonstration”, says GF’s chief executive Chris Mowry — unless, that is, its competitors deliver sooner.

Designed by British architect Amanda Levete, GF’s prototype plant illustrates the way fusion research has shifted from gargantuan state- or internationally funded enterprises to sleek, image-conscious affairs driven by private companies, often with state support. (GF will receive some UK government funding; it has not disclosed how much.)

Artist's impression of General Fusion's future Fusion Demonstration Plant at UKAEA’s Culham Campus

Artist’s impression of General Fusion’s planned plant at Culham, UK. Credit: AL_A for General Fusion. Lead image: The world's strongest high-temperature superconducting magnet will be used in a 2025 fusion reactor in Massachusetts.

Credit: Gretchen Ertl, CFS/MIT-PSFC, 2021

In this respect, advocates of fusion technology say it has many parallels with the space industry. That, too, was once confined to government agencies but is now benefiting from the drive and imagination of nimble (albeit often state-assisted) private enterprise. This is “the SpaceX moment for fusion”, says Mowry, referring to Elon Musk’s space-flight company in Hawthorne, California.

“The mood has changed,” says Thomas Klinger, a fusion specialist at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Greifswald, Germany. “We can smell that we’re getting close.” Investors sense the real prospect of returns on their money: Google and the New York City-based investment bank Goldman Sachs, for instance, are among those funding the fusion company TAE Technologies, based in Foothill Ranch, California, which has raised around $880 million so far. “Companies are starting to build things at the level of what governments can build,” says Bob Mumgaard, chief executive of Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

And just as private space travel is now materializing, many industry observers are forecasting that the same business model will give rise to commercial fusion — desperately needed to decarbonize the energy economy — within a decade. “There’s a very good shot to get there within less than ten years,” says Michl Binderbauer, chief executive of TAE Technologies. In the FIA report, a majority of respondents thought that fusion would power an electrical grid somewhere in the world in the 2030s.

Several fusion researchers who don’t work for private firms told Nature that, although prospects are undeniably exciting, commercial fusion in a decade is overly optimistic. “Private companies say they’ll have it working in ten years, but that’s just to attract funders,” says Tony Donné, programme manager of the Eurofusion consortium which conducts experiments at the state-run Joint European Torus, established at Culham in the late 1970s. “They all have stated constantly to be about ten years away from a working fusion reactor, and they still do.”

Timelines that companies project should be regarded not so much as promises but as motivational aspirations, says Melanie Windridge, a plasma physicist who is the FIA’s UK director of communications, and a communications consultant for the fusion firm Tokamak Energy, in Culham. “I think bold targets are necessary,” she says. State support is also likely to be needed to build a fusion power plant that actually feeds electricity into the grid, adds Ian Chapman, chief executive of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA).

But whether it comes from small-scale private enterprise, huge national or international fusion projects, or a bit of both, practical nuclear fusion finally seems to be on the horizon. “I’m convinced that it’s going to happen”, says Chapman. Chris Kelsall, chief executive of Tokamak Energy, agrees. “Sooner or later this will be cracked,” he says. “And it will be transformative.”

Seventy-year dream

Nuclear fusion, says Klinger, is “the only primary energy source left in the Universe” that we have yet to exploit. Ever since the process that powers the stars was harnessed in the 1950s for hydrogen bombs, technologists have dreamt of unlocking it in a more controlled manner for energy generation.

Existing nuclear power plants use fission: the release of energy when heavy atoms such as uranium decay. Fusion, by contrast, produces energy by merging very light nuclei, typically hydrogen, which can happen only at very high temperatures and pressures. Most efforts to harness it in reactors involve heating the hydrogen isotopes deuterium (D) and tritium (T) until they form a plasma — a fluid state of matter containing ionized atoms and other charged particles — and then fuse (see ‘Fuel mix’). For these isotopes, fusion starts at lower temperatures and densities than for normal hydrogen.

D–T fusion generates some radiation in the form of short-lived neutrons, but no long-lived radioactive waste, unlike fission. It is also safer than fission because it can be switched off easily: if the plasma is brought below critical thresholds of temperature or density, the nuclear reactions stop.

FUEL MIX

Many reactors fuse deuterium (D) with tritium (T) to release energy. This mix ignites, or creates a self-sustaining fusion reaction,at around 100 million kelvin. It produces neutrons, which can make the chamber radioactive.


Deuterium  +  Tritium                         Helium 4      +         neutron

Other reactions, such as fusing protons (p) with boron-11 (11B), don’t produce neutrons, but ignition requires higher temperatures.

p             Boron-11                                             3a

What makes it so difficult to conduct in a controlled manner, however, is the challenge of containing electrically charged plasma that is undergoing fusion at temperatures of around 100 million kelvin — much hotter than the centre of the Sun. Generally, researchers use magnetic fields to confine and levitate the plasma inside the reactor. But instabilities in this infernal fluid make containment very difficult, and have so far prevented fusion from being sustained for long enough to extract more energy than is put in to trigger it.

This is necessarily big science, and until this century, only state-run projects could muster the resources. The scale of the enterprise is reflected today in the world’s biggest fusion effort: ITER, a fusion reactor being constructed in southern France and supported by 35 nations, including China, European Union member states, the United States, Russia, South Korea and Japan, with a price tag of at least $22 billion.

Although the first test runs are scheduled for 2025, full D–T fusion is not scheduled until 2035, ultimately with the goal of continuously extracting 500 MW of power — comparable to the output of a modest coal-fired power plant — while putting 50 MW into the reactor. (These numbers refer only to the energy put directly into and drawn out of the plasma; they don’t factor in other processes such as maintenance needs or the inefficiencies of converting the fusion heat output into electricity.)

A further series of big reactors might follow ITER: China, which has three fusion reactors feeding results into ITER, plans a China Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) in the 2030s, and both South Korea and the EU propose to build demonstration power plants that would follow on from ITER.

The big national and international efforts won’t succeed soon enough to enable the decarbonization needed to address climate change, although fusion is expected to become a key part of the energy economy in the second half of the century. But private companies hope to have working and affordable devices sooner (see ‘Fusion rush’).

As with space exploration, one of the benefits of a private fusion sector is greater diversity of approaches than monolithic state enterprises can muster. ITER is using the most common approach to confining plasma, in a device called a tokamak, which uses powerful superconducting magnets to hold the plasma in a ring-shaped (toroidal) vessel. The flow of the electrically charged plasma particles themselves also generates a magnetic field that helps to confine the plasma.

The ITER reactor.

But a tokamak isn’t the only option. In the early days of fusion, in the 1950s, US astrophysicist Lyman Spitzer showed that magnetic fields could be configured in a twisted loop, rather like a figure of eight, to make a ‘magnetic bottle’ that could be filled with plasma. This design was known as a stellarator. But solving the equations describing the plasma for this complex geometry was too computationally intensive, so the concept was mostly abandoned once tokamaks had been shown to work.

The stellarator.

As supercomputers became available in the late 1980s, however, researchers revisited the idea. This led to a stellarator project at the IPP called the Wendelstein 7-X reactor. Costing more than €1 billion (US$1.15 billion) to build, staff and operate up to its first plasma testing in 2015, with construction costs of €370 million largely borne by the German government, Wendelstein 7-X will be completed by the end of this year. Then comes a long process of working out how to operate it routinely as a demonstration project.

Stellarators have the advantage that their plasma is more easily confined, with no need (as in tokamaks) to drive strong electric currents through it to keep a lid on instabilities, says fusion physicist Josefine Proll at Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands. But it’s not clear whether it will be possible to implement stellarator technology in a reactor in 20–30 years. “It seems not all that likely at this moment,” she says. “We have a lot of basic questions still to answer,” says Klinger. “This is a first-of-a-kind machine, so one must be patient and go step by step.” Private companies set shorter-term goals because they have to satisfy their stakeholders, he says — but that doesn’t mean they can deliver.

Alternative designs

Some private fusion companies are sticking with the tokamak design, but scaled down. At Tokamak Energy, a team of around 165 employees is working on a spherical tokamak, shaped like an apple with its core removed. At 3.5 metres across, it will be many times smaller than the ITER tokamak, which, with surrounding cooling equipment, will be almost 30 metres wide and tall. Some state-funded schemes are considering the compact spherical design, too: the UKAEA, for example, has launched a project called STEP (Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production) that aims to create such a device in a prototype plant that would deliver at least 100 MW to the national grid by 2040. The UKAEA has shortlisted five sites to host the plant, and expects the final choice to be made next year.

 

Hydrogen plasma in Tokamak Energy’s ST40 spherical tokamak. This video has no sound.

Credit: Tokamak Energy Ltd

Key to these designs are new kinds of magnets made from ribbons of high-temperature superconducting materials, which should produce much stronger fields than the conventional superconducting magnets used by ITER. They are “a potential game-changer”, says Klinger — not just because of their higher fields, but also because conventional superconductors need liquid-helium cooling. That is an engineering nightmare: liquid helium’s viscosity is almost zero, allowing it to leak through any tiny cracks. High-temperature superconductors, by contrast, can be cooled with liquid nitrogen, which is abundant, cheap and easy to store.

The mini-tokamak design (CFS/MIT SPARC reactor).

Both Tokamak Energy (in collaboration with CERN, Europe’s particle-physics laboratory near Geneva, Switzerland) and CFS are banking on these new magnets. In August, CFS announced that it had made them in the form needed for its tokamaks — “on schedule and on budget”, Mumgaard says proudly.

In 2018, CFS was spun off from the Plasma Science and Fusion Center of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, and Klinger considers the firm “the most promising, most valuable and most thought-through private fusion initiative”. MIT and CFS together are preparing to build what Mumgaard calls “the first fusion machine that makes net energy” — producing more energy than goes into it. Named SPARC, it is being constructed in Devens, Massachusetts. Mumgaard says it will be running by the end of 2025, and will be “commercially relevant” because it will generate around 100 MW of power.

First Light Fusion, a company spun off from the University of Oxford, UK, in 2011, is pursuing a different strategy, called inertial confinement. Here, the fusion plasma isn’t held by magnetic fields: rather, a shock wave compresses it to the immense densities needed for fusion, and the plasma retains its shape just for a split second by inertia alone, before spreading out and dissipating its energy. The idea has been around since the 1950s, and is also being studied at the US National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, where pea-sized plastic capsules of D–T fuel are imploded by nanosecond pulses of laser light to ignite fusion. In August, NIF reported a laser shot that produced a fleeting energy output 8 times higher than it had ever before achieved — and amounted to 70% of the energy that had gone into the reaction. That has raised hopes of net gain from inertial-confinement laser fusion, although such an energy-intensive process might be more useful for fundamental research than for large-scale power generation.

At First Light, the compression shock wave is created not by energy-hungry lasers, but by using an electromagnetic projectile gun to fire a small piece of material into a target containing the hydrogen isotopes. The company is keeping details of the process secret, but has said that to achieve fusion, it will need to fire the material at 50 kilometres per second — twice as fast as is typically achieved in current shock-wave experiments.

GF is taking yet another approach, called magnetized target fusion. It involves the plasma being compressed more slowly — for instance, using pistons — but with the aid of magnetic confinement that prevents heat from dissipating as the plasma is squeezed. This idea, suggested in the early 1970s by researchers at the US Naval Research Laboratory in Washington DC, seeks an optimal compromise between the energy-intensive high magnetic fields needed to confine a tokamak plasma, and the energy-intensive shock waves, lasers or other methods used to rapidly compress plasma in inertial-confinement designs.

GF’s design for its Culham reactor uses a centrifuge to spin a chamber filled with molten lead and lithium. That motion opens a cavity in the liquid metal, where the plasma sits. A piston system pumps more liquid metal into the chamber, compressing the plasma over a few tens of milliseconds. Fusion begins; then the pressure is released and the process repeated in pulses, about once a second.

General Fusion’s reactor.

One especially neat aspect of this reactor is how it generates tritium fuel — a hugely expensive resource that can be made only in nuclear reactions, and decays rapidly. In ITER and other designs, tritium will be produced when neutrons escaping the reactor hit a lithium blanket lining the tokamak. In GF’s design, tritium is made when neutrons hit lithium within the liquid-metal compression system itself.

GF has cracked key challenges only in the past few years — making a plasma target that lasts for long enough to be compressed, and smoothly and rapidly collapsing the liquid- metal cavity. The firm says, however, that after it has its UK demonstration plant operating in 2025, it will “power homes, businesses and industry with clean, reliable and affordable fusion energy by the early 2030s”.

TAE Technologies has, in some ways, an even more audacious concept. It plans to abandon D–T fuel altogether, instead fusing boron-11 atoms with hydrogen-1 nuclei (protons). This idea, championed by TAE’s co-founder, the Canadian plasma physicist Norman Rostoker, and dubbed p–11B fusion, requires temperatures ten times greater than for D–T fusion: about one billion kelvin. The advantage is that this reaction uses only abundantly available fuel, and generates no neutrons that could contaminate the reactor. Binderbauer says that the concept offers lowers maintenance costs and a much more sustainable end goal.

In TAE reactors, the plasma is confined inside a cylindrical magnetic field made by a solenoid — a design that draws on particle-accelerator technologies. The plasma rotates around the axis; that rotation, as in a spinning top, generates inherent stability. Confinement doesn’t require strong external magnetic fields; those are mostly generated by the spinning plasma itself. To keep it rotating, tangential beams of boron inject angular momentum, rather as a top is torqued by a whip.

TAE's reactor.

The company has made prototypes to demonstrate this set-up; since 2017, it has been working with a test system called Norman, and it is now starting work on a device called Copernicus that will run with normal hydrogen (or other non-fusing) plasmas to avoid producing neutrons. Computer simulations will show what energy would be generated if real fusion fuel were used. If TAE achieves the conditions needed for D–T fusion — which it hopes to do by around the middle of this decade — the company plans to license the technology to others who are pursuing those fuels. Binderbauer calls Copernicus a “stepping stone” to the temperatures needed for p–11B fusion. “We’re convinced that we can go to the billion-degree level,” he says — and he hopes to see this towards the end of the decade.

Among the many other private fusion firms, Helion Energy, in Everett, Washington, has attracted the most interest from investors: this month, it announced a $500-million funding round, bringing its total to $578 million. Its aim is to generate electricity directly from fusion, rather than using the process to heat fluids and drive turbines. Helion’s technique involves firing pulses of plasma together inside a linear reactor, then rapidly compressing the merged plasma with magnetic fields. When fusion occurs, the plasma expands and its magnetic field interacts with that surrounding the reactor to induce an electric current. Helion hopes to fuse a mixture of deuterium and helium-3, which would not produce neutrons as a by-product. But helium-3 itself would need to be produced by D–D fusion. The company is building a demonstration reactor called Polaris, which it aims to have in operation by 2024.


How Helion’s technology will generate electricity. This video has no sound.

Credit: Helion Energy

Cheaper reactors?

The reactors built by private companies, being smaller than ITER-scale projects, will be much more affordable. Tokamak Energy’s co-founder, David Kingham, envisages billion-dollar devices, and Binderbauer thinks TAE’s systems could be built for around $250 million.

The aim is to make small fusion reactors that are compatible with existing energy grids. Kelsall says they could also serve industries that are particularly energy-intensive, such as metal smelting — a sector that can’t be supplied by renewables. Mowry adds that shipping could be another important market: devices producing around 100 MW of power are “just the right size for a large container ship”.

Donné remains cautious about the prospects, however, saying that private companies “are working on aggressive time paths compared to publicly funded projects, but also have a much higher risk of potential failure”. All the same, TAE, for one, insists that it is still on the track that it promised in the mid-2010s, of having a fusion device ready for commercialization by around the end of this decade  

Despite his scepticism, Donné adds: “I see the booming of private fusion companies as a good sign. There can be mutual benefits in keeping close ties between public and private fusion projects.” That’s certainly happening. Not only is the private fusion industry building on years of state investment in projects such as ITER, but it is benefiting from governments that see value in supporting it — which is why the UK government and the US Department of Energy are also investing in firms such as Tokamak Energy, CFS and GF. Mowry thinks that such public–private partnerships are the way forward — as they were for COVID-19 vaccines. And, as with the vaccines, fusion will be needed everywhere, especially as energy use rises in lower-income countries.

The vaccines showed “what you can do if you have the resources”, says Windridge. “If we had that kind of commitment in energy, I think it would be incredible to see what can be achieved.” As with the vaccines, too, society desperately needs more clean, carbon-free sources of energy. “This is an existential challenge,” says Mowry. “Fusion is the vaccine for climate change.”

  • Philip Ball is a science writer in London.

{ https://www.nature.com/ }

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Over 100 Dinosaur Footprints Found in Colorado’s Picket Wire Canyonlands

Footprint-999x540.jpg

Over 100 Dinosaur Footprints Found in Colorado’s Picket Wire Canyonlands

When workers were cleaning up about 6 inches of mud and other debris caused by flooding at Colorado’s Picket Wire Canyonlands in the Comanche National Grassland, they discovered between 100 and 150 dinosaur footprints. Bruce Schumacher, who is a paleontologist with the U.S. Forest Service, stated that the round footprints were left behind by dinosaurs that belonged to the same family of Brontosaurus.

Brontosaurus was a type of sauropod dinosaur that lived between 156.3 and 146.8 million years ago during the late part of Jurassic Period. These herbivores could grow as large as 72 feet in length (22 meters) and weighed as much as 17 tons. They were believed to have lived as long as 100 years and perhaps even longer.

Brontosaurus

These newly discovered footprints will be added to the approximately 2,000 prints already discovered at the location. And there could possibly be even more as Schumacher explained that they “could continue for a long, long time.” “But we’ve kind of reached a point where we’ve got a good amount exposed. At least I feel like we’re at a place to continue to manage it as it is.”

All of the dinosaur tracks have been discovered in more than 130 different trackways in about a quarter of a mile of bedrock that is located along the banks of the Purgatoire River.

During the Jurassic Period, the southeastern part of Colorado was full of forests with ground ferns, tree ferns, sequoia trees, and pine trees, along with tropical climate and a massive shallow lake where the Purgatoire River Valley is now located. Allosaurus and Apatosaurus dinosaurs often visited the shoreline where they left their tracks. In fact, the Comanche National Grassland has the biggest dinosaur track site in all of North America.

A picture of the newly discovered dinosaur footprints can be seen here.

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Comanche National Grassland

(Via Wikipedia)

In addition to the massive amount of dinosaur footprints, rock art created by the Native Americans can also be found at the location on the canyon walls. These images, which are between 375 and 4,500 years old, include elk, deer, abstract designs, and humans.

The historic Rourke Ranch is another favorite area for visitors to explore. Built in 1871, it was used by Eugene and Mary Rourke who used it as a horse and cattle ranch. It was in use for three generations until being sold in 1971. Known as one of the most successful ranches in the southwest, it started out with 40 acres and grew to more than 50,000 acres.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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UFOs and Extreme Weirdness: The Crazy Phone Call Phenomenon

Afbeeldingsresultaten voor UFOs and Extreme Weirdness. Grootte: 188 x 170. Bron: mysteriousuniverse.org

UFOs and Extreme Weirdness: The Crazy Phone Call Phenomenon

Maybe, it has afflicted you on more than one occasion. Perhaps, now and again. Possibly, it’s something that has never bothered you. Or, you get it regularly. What is it? Well, I’ll tell you: it’s the issue of how certain Ufologists, researchers and witnesses to UFO phenomena find themselves on the receiving end of weird phone-calls. To some degree this ties in with the threatening Men in Black. On other occasions, the whole thing is just bizarre. With that said, I’ll share with you a few examples. On November 9, 2014, the Marshall family of Perth, Australia had a strange encounter after seeing a huge, black, triangular shaped UFO flying completely silently, and at a dangerously low level, as they headed home after a night out on June 3, 1999. Although they did not tell anyone about their experience (at least, not at the time, anyway), late on the following night the phone rang. It was a man with a strange and somewhat European accent who warned them not to talk about the craft they had seen [italics mine]. In this case, the family forgot about the experience until years later when they saw a TV documentary on the Men in Black enigma – which referenced the issue of the MIB making threatening phone calls to UFO witnesses. Today, the family is solidly convinced that what they experienced was full-blown intimidation from a menacing MIB. I had to agree, when I read the facts.

Point Pleasant, West Virginia is – beyond any shadow of doubt – noted most of all for its wave of sightings of the infamous Mothman, between 1966 and 1967. In 2014, however, the town played host to something even stranger. The witness to the weird affair was a local woman named Denise, who emailed me the details on May 23. As Denise explained, she was jolted from her sleep by the sight of a young boy looming over her bed. This was no normal boy, however: it was one of the dreaded Black-Eyed Children – pale-skinned, black-hoodie-wearing kids who are noted for their completely black eyes. Denise tried to scream out, but her vocal-chords were paralyzed, as was her entire body. The eerie boy stared at terrified Denise for a few moments, then retreated into the shadows of the room and vanished. It was a nerve-jangling experience that Denise has not forgotten. Nor has she forgotten a strange wave of hang-up phone calls that occurred across the next three nights, and all around 3:00 a.m. A connection? Denise believed so. As did I [Italics mine].

(Nick Redfern) Point Pleasant, West Virginia

August 2015 was a time when, for me, telephone problems were absolutely rife. As an example, Whitley Strieber invited me on his Unknown Country show to talk about my MIB book and we experienced endless amounts of very strange interference and odd sounds on the line. The exact same thing happened, at a later date, with Coast to Coast AM – something which took on even stranger proportions when my landline phone suddenly quit. So, I proceeded to use my cell-phone as a back-up. The battery drained astonishingly quickly, despite being fully charged. And, so, I had to hastily dig out of a cupboard an old, spare, cordless landline phone, which finally allowed us to complete the show. You’ll see from the cases above, all of them were relatively close to each other: from 2014 to 2015. There was more, too. A lot more. The strangest, one, however, took place back in 2003. I had returned from a trip to Taos, New Mexico, where I met with a now-deceased UFO researcher/whistleblower, Dan Salter – a man who claimed insider knowledge of the Marilyn Monroe-UFO controversy. I interviewed the guy and then we wrapped up. So, after getting home, I crashed in the sack. For a while…

It was around 2:00 a.m. and the phone rang. None of us like those situations. And all for the same reason: that, maybe, the voice on the other end will be calling with bad news. In a half-asleep state I ran into the darkness-filled living-room and, without thinking of reaching for the light, fumbled around to grab the phone. As I picked it up, I heard what sounded like screeching static, such was the ear-blasting level of the volume. In a few seconds, though, I was able to figure it out. It was a recording of Marilyn’s never-to-be-forgotten rendition of “Happy Birthday” for JFK at the third Madison Square Garden in New York on May 19, 1962, even though JFK’s actual birth-date of May 29. And the recording was playing over and over on a loop. No call-number was available. A warning? Of what? Having someone play “Happy Birthday” down the line to me – in the dead of night – is certainly one of the nuttiest things that has ever happened to me, but it was hardly something guaranteed to keep me wide awake for the rest of the night. I guessed the message had to be for me, but it was so obscure there was little I could do except make a few notes and save them for posterity. Then, I headed back to bed and slept fine.

For the record, near-identical situations have happened to me on a handful of occasions. Again, it was in the middle of the night. I was woken up, and there was a voice on the phone. This time, it was the sound of one of those battery-powered laughing bags. That’s what can happen when you get into Ufology: you’re exposed to loonies, M.I.B. and spies (and which are, sometimes, one and the very same) with too much time on their hands.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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Egypt's 'biggest discovery in decades' solves 4,500-year-old pharaoh mystery: 'Impressive'

Egypt's 'biggest discovery in decades' solves 4,500-year-old pharaoh mystery: 'Impressive'

EGYPT has announced its "biggest discovery in decades" after archaeologists uncovered the mysterious remains of a 4,500-year-old Sun temple.

The experts made what is being dubbed as "one of the most important discoveries in 50 years" in Abu Gorab, south of Cairo. They found one of the four "lost Sun temples" erected by the pharaohs of the fifth dynasty to complement their pyramids. These magnificent monuments were said to have been constructed to make the pharaoh a god while still alive.

But while experts believe six were built by different pharaohs, only two have ever been found by modern archaeologists – now one of those mysteries has finally been solved, according to Dr Massimiliano Nuzzolo.

The assistant professor of Egyptology at the Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, said: “Each king wanted a pyramid for achieving his resurrection but this was not enough for the fifth dynasty kings.

"They wanted something more. The king built [a Sun temple] to turn himself into a god. The Sun god.”

Ra, the Sun god, was the most powerful god in ancient Egypt and the focal point of many elaborate rituals that were performed both on the living and dead.

Archaeologists made a stunning find

Archaeologists made a stunning find 
(Image: GETTY)

The remains of a Sun temple were uncovered

The remains of a Sun temple were uncovered
 (Image: NAT GEO)

These grant structures were built around a tall, pyramid-like obelisk that aligned perfectly with the east-west axis of the Sun.

Dr Nuzzolo focused on one of the already known Sun temples, which was built in Abu Goab by the king Nyuserre, who ruled for about 30 years in the 25th century BC.

But after carefully digging under its shattered remains, he found an older base made of mud bricks, indicating that a building previously existed at the site.

However, the experts had no idea what it was.

Experts then discovered the two-foot-deep base of a white limestone pillar which they suggested the original structure was "quite impressive".

It solves the mystery of one of the temple's locations

It solves the mystery of one of the temple's locations 
(Image: NAT GEO)

Dr Nuzzolo said: “We knew that there was something below the stone temple of Nyuserre, but we don’t know if it is just another building phase of the same temple or if it is a new temple.

“Actually, the fact that there is such a huge, monumental entrance would point to a new building.

"So, why not another Sun temple, one of the missing Sun temples?”

But then an array of beer jars filled with mud were uncovered providing the final proof the old site was a temple.

The experts believe they were an offering reserved for the most sacred places.

DON'T MISS 

Artist's impression of the Sun temple

Artist's impression of the Sun temple 
(Image: NAT GEO)

The discovery featured in a documentary

The discovery featured in a documentary 
(Image: NAT GEO)

Dr Nuzzolo added: “I have now many proofs that what we are excavating here is one of the lost Sun temples,”

What remains a mystery though is who the Sun temple was built for and when.

The Fifth Dynasty pharaohs reigned for about 150 years from the early 25th century BC to the mid 24th century BC.

Only a small number of rulers had Sun temples created in the name of the Sun god Ra on the west bank of the Nile.

The discovery of the third Sun temple was shown as part of Lost Treasures of Egypt on National Geographic.

A sculpture of the ancient Egyptian Sun god 'Ra'. (inset: The excavation site of the temple/Twitter)
A sculpture of the ancient Egyptian Sun god 'Ra'.
(inset: The excavation site of the temple/Twitter)
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Lost Sun Temple Unearthed in Egypt

Sun-Temple-999x540.jpg

Lost Sun Temple Unearthed in Egypt

The remains of what is believed to be one of the lost sun temples dating back about 4,500 years during the middle part of the 25th century BCE has been unearthed by archaeologists in Egypt. The structure was found buried underneath another temple located at Abu Ghurab.

This isn’t the first sun temple that has been found. In fact, it is thought that a total of six sun temples were constructed around Abu Ghurab; however, only two had been previously discovered. Back in 1898, the sun temple of Nyuserra (also called Neuserre or Nyuserre) – the sixth king of the 5th dynasty – was found by archaeologists at the same site as the recently discovered one. It is now believed that the Nyuserra temple was built over an older one.

Reconstruction of Nyuserre’s Sun Temple by Gaston Maspero.

(Via Wikipedia)

In an email to CNN, Massimiliano Nuzzolo, who is the mission’s co-director as well as an assistant professor of Egyptology at the Polish Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Mediterranean and Oriental Cultures in Warsaw, went into further details, “The archaeologists of the 19th century excavated only a very small part of this mud bricks building below the stone temple of Nyuserra and concluded that this was a previous building phase of the same temple,” adding, “Now our finds demonstrate that this was a completely different building, erected before Nyuserra.” (The dig is a joint mission by the Polish Academy of Sciences as well as the University of Naples L’Orientale.)

The researchers found several items that seem to prove that the sun temple was much older than the one of Nyuserra. These artifacts, which contained engravings of kings who ruled prior to Nyuserra, included seals for jar stoppers, a limestone threshold, and the bases of two limestone columns that would have been located at the entrance.

Additional items found at the site included dozens of beer jars with some of them still containing mud that was used during ancient religious rituals. Furthermore, the jars date back one or two generations prior to when Nyuserra was alive.

Statue of Nyuserra

(Via Wikipedia)

As for the temple itself, it was constructed with mud bricks and was “…impressive in size” as described by Nuzzolo. It was later destroyed in order for Nyuserra to have his temple built which was bigger and made with stones.

Now that the latest sun temple has been unearthed, researchers are hoping to figure out which former king had it built. And by analyzing the pottery that was found there, they will hopefully learn more about those who inhabited the area during ancient times, such as their beliefs and what types of food they feasted on.

Pictures of the ancient sun temple and some of the artifacts can be viewed here.

Archaeologists found the remains at a site around 12 miles south of Cairo.

The temple was discovered beneath a later sun temple.

The temple was discovered beneath a later sun temple.
Lost Treasures of Egypt/National Geographic/Windfall Films

De bronafbeelding bekijken

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Geschreven door peter om 17:58 Stuur door

An Eminent Scottish Astronomer and His Weird Theory of 22 Trillion Aliens

An Eminent Scottish Astronomer and His Weird Theory of 22 Trillion Aliens | Mysterious Universe

An Eminent Scottish Astronomer and His Weird Theory of 22 Trillion Aliens

We have long looked out into the sky and wondered what lies out there. It seems that ever since the first flickers of consciousness swirled within our brains we have looked up at the heavens and wondered at what lies out there and what our place is. On our long road to understanding of the universe we live in, there have been many strides and missteps. Science has tried to pave the way forward over the horizon of the unknown, and sometimes it gets it very right, and sometimes it gets things so very, very wrong.  Here we will look at a rather entertaining look at the latter.

Reverend Thomas Dick was born in November of 1774, and was a British church minister, science teacher and writer who had a deep and intense interest in astronomy from a young age. It all began when he saw a meteor streak across the sky when he was 9 years old, and before long he was devising his own telescope fashioned from some modified spectacle lenses and pasteboard tubes. He would pursue this passion into adulthood, and although his career as a preacher derailed a bit when he was excommunicated for having an affair with his servant, he nevertheless still managed to churn out quite a few scientific, philosophical, and religious works that were well received both in England and America and would go on to influence countless scientists, engineers, politicians, writers and thinkers. Yet for all of his respected work, some things really stand out as very odd in this day and age.

Thomas Dick

Between stints at writing, preaching, and scientific research, Dick became more and more obsessed with the idea that we are not alone in the universe. He was what is called a “natural theologist,” meaning that he believed that God’s signs pervaded nature and the cosmos, and that if He had deemed it worthy to create life here, then He had probably done it elsewhere as well. He came to strongly believe in the concept of the plurality of worlds, or cosmic pluralism, that every planet in the Solar System was inhabited and that God would not have created a universe that consisted of merely barren expanses and lifeless rocks. Dick believed that God would want the grandeur of His creation to be witnessed as widely as possible, and so he came to believe that all of the planets of the solar system must therefore be inhabited. He would say of this in his book Celestial Scenery:

This is a conclusion which is not merely probable, but absolutely certain, for the opposite opinion would rob the Deity of the most distinguishing attribute of his nature, by virtually denying him the perfection of infinite wisdom and intelligence. But we have no reason to conclude that they are exactly similar to us. Schemes far more foolish and preposterous than the above have been contrived and acted upon in every age of the world.

The idea of alien life in our solar system in and of itself wasn’t a new idea, and indeed the astronomer William Herschel had been talking about it since way back, but Dick was one of the first to actually try to make a census of just how many aliens there were. He was so sure that the rest of the solar system was inhabited that he went about trying to calculate exactly how many aliens there were populating each planet in our neighborhood, ultimately falling back on the now questionable method of using the surface area of each planet and the population density of England. In those days there were an average of 280 people per square mile in England, so crunching the numbers gave Dick an idea of how many extraterrestrials there were on each celestial object, and his predictions are wild, to say the least.

According to Dick, based on his calculations, there were 50 billion creatures living on Venus, seven trillion on Jupiter, 15 billion Martians on Mars, eight trillion living on Saturn, and even 4.2 billion on the moon and the asteroid Vesta holding around 64 million inhabitants according to him. Dick even theorized that Saturn’s rings were inhabited, and surmised that there were no fewer than 21 trillion inhabitants of the solar system, possibly even more if the sun was also inhabited, which he believed it was, even theorizing that it could support an additional 31 times as many creatures. Indeed, Dick believed that although these alien creatures would similar to us in size and habits of living, God had provided each planet with organisms capable of adapting to live in their own respective habitats, even the sun, which was pretty revelatory since this was just before Charles Darwin would come out with his theories on evolution. He would say:

We need not imagine there will be any great difficulty in ascending such lofty eminences; for the inhabitants of such worlds may be furnished with bodies different from those of the human race, and endowed with locomotive powers far superior to ours.

Dick would die in 1857 at the age of 82 without meeting a single one of these 22 trillion galactic neighbors, and to this day we haven’t met any of them either. It all seems pretty silly to us now, but back in the day Dick was so respected as a scientist that it didn’t all seem totally absurd. Looking back at it all now, it seems to be a rather charming, if misguided foray into gathering an understanding of our solar system, and although we can laugh now, it all goes to show the stumbling blocks we have had when venturing out into the vast unknown above our heads, and how much we don’t know even now.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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Russia’s Space Agency Destroys Orbiting Satellite and Endangers ISS Crew

science-4654578_1920-e1637078494744-999x540.jpg

Russia’s Space Agency Destroys Orbiting Satellite and Endangers ISS Crew

Will November 15th, 2021, go down in history as the day the first shot was fired starting the first war in space. Or will it go down as the first example of how a space program can shoot itself in the foot without gravity? Both are possible as news spreads that the Russian military destroyed one of its own satellites with a missile on November 15th … and the resulting debris put the International Space Station in such danger that the crew members were forced to take shelter in the attached space capsules. This comes just days after the ISS was moved to avoid colliding with an old piece of a Chinese rocket. Are any – or all – of these events related? Is this a first shot, a first shot-in-the-foot … or something else? Something worse?

“Earlier today, due to the debris generated by the destructive Russian Anti-Satellite (ASAT) test, ISS astronauts and cosmonauts undertook emergency procedures for safety.

“Like Secretary Blinken, I’m outraged by this irresponsible and destabilizing action. With its long and storied history in human spaceflight, it is unthinkable that Russia would endanger not only the American and international partner astronauts on the ISS, but also their own cosmonauts. Their actions are reckless and dangerous, threatening as well the Chinese space station and the taikonauts on board.

“All nations have a responsibility to prevent the purposeful creation of space debris from ASATs and to foster a safe, sustainable space environment.

“NASA will continue monitoring the debris in the coming days and beyond to ensure the safety of our crew in orbit.”

That statement from NASA Administrator Bill Nelson says it all from the U.S. side, but both crews were affected – The Guardian and Spaceflight Now reported that most of the NASA and ESA crew members moved to the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and the two Russian cosmonauts and NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei boarded the Soyuz spacecraft on the Russian side. In response, ROSCOSMOS tweeted:

“The crew of the International Space Station regularly performs work in accordance with the flight program. The orbit of the object, due to which the crew was forced today according to standard procedures to transfer to spaceships, moved away from the ISS orbit. The station is in the “green zone”.”

That “Move along … nothing to see here” comment belittles the reality that a Russian missile exploded a defunct satellite into over 1500 pieces of trackable orbital debris and hundreds of thousands of pieces of smaller orbital debris in the direct path of the ISS, which was reportedly in danger on two orbital passes before getting the ‘all clear’. In a strong statement, US State Department spokesperson Ned Price said “We will work with our allies and partners in different ways to make clear that the United States, that the international community is not going to tolerate this kind of irresponsible behavior,” but will not take any action “today.”

Space.com reports that the U.S. Department of Defense was not made aware of this test ahead of time, which has now been identified as an Anti-Satellite (ASAT) test destroying a Kosmos-1408 satellite.

The question is … was this an intentional provocation or a dangerous screw-up? With the problems on the oxygen-leaking Russian side of the ISS, the on-again-off-again plans for a Russian space station, and political tensions on the ground, this is a troubling situation.

The verdict on November 15, 2021, is far from being decided.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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Ancient Statue Head Found On Mars, UFO Sighting News.

Ancient Statue Head Found On Mars, UFO Sighting News.

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Date of discovery: Stumbled up it today
Location of discovery: Mars Sol 1087
 
Now maybe finding a head of a statue is not significant to NASA since they over look so many archeological discoveries daily on Mars, but to me its significant. The face is not only the face of an intelligent species that once lived on Mars, but also the face of a child about 10-14 years of age. The curly hair, chubby cheeks and chin really stand out, not to mention the eyes, nose, mouth and forehead. The hair...the hair seems to be in a bun on the top, so it has a high probability of being a female. The statue head is looking out from the small hill and its facing outward on purpose...its where it was placed, so that it can look out to the horizon...I'm guessing its probably aimed at the setting sun. Also the face itself is very small, about 3 inches across, or 6-7cm. That means the probability of this species being 30 cm or 1 foot tall is very likely. 
 
Here on Earth there are many short people, a few that are only 20-28 inches tall, 1.5-2 feet tall. And those people had a normal intelligence and you or I. So its safe to assume that a species once lived on Mars and was only 20-30 cm tall. Clearly they had a high intelligence...just look at that incredible detail of the face they made. It was probably made to be a head stone...for a grave...a final goodbye to a loved one lost. I really wonder how may archeological artifacts are passed by the NASA rover every year? Hundreds...thousands...too many to even believe possible, and yet...the rover passes by as if the discoveries don't even exist. Ask yourself why? Because, the rover is not there to inform the public, but instead to appease and drop feed the public boring scientific info the control the publics curiosity.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan 
 
 
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RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Possible triangle UFO hovering above Fort Worth, Texas 16-Nov-2021

Possible triangle UFO hovering above Fort Worth, Texas 16-Nov-2021

triangle-ufo-texas-1024x576.jpg

Here’s one new UFO video of a possible triangular-shaped formation hovering in the sky above Forth Worth, TX on 16th November 2021.

Witness report: 

Viewed a hovering craft with two main “motherships” there were smaller disc-like crafts entering and exiting. From the video at certain points this can be noticed, such as about 1:47 minutes in…the video doesn’t do justice from what I could see with my eyes, the ships could be seen visibly entering what I could see as docking stations. At certain points when there were violent flashes, it was close enough that my phone would cut out. Thanks for letting me post this, if you know of anything that I don’t see, please let me know. Keeping this video just to you from me, has not been shared with any other organizations at all.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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Ex-Head Of Pentagon UFO Program Has Documents Showing The Same UFOs Being Reported For Over 70 Years

Ex-Head Of Pentagon UFO Program Has Documents Showing The Same UFOs Being Reported For Over 70 Years

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Mysterious Glowing ‘Doughnut’ UFO Photographed Over Switzerland Has Experts Baffled

Mysterious Glowing ‘Doughnut’ UFO Photographed Over Switzerland Has Experts Baffled

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In dramatic shift, national intelligence director does not rule out 'extraterrestrial' origins for UFOs

In dramatic shift, national intelligence director does not rule out 'extraterrestrial' origins for UFOs

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Two planes report 'bright green UFO' swooping through the clouds over Canada

Two planes report 'bright green UFO' swooping through the clouds over Canada

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Rémi Gaillard monte un canular sur un Ovni en Occitanie... TF1 tombe dans le panneau !

Rémi Gaillard monte un canular sur un Ovni en Occitanie... TF1 tombe dans le panneau !

Le célèbre youtubeur Rémi Gaillard, aidé par des complices, a fait croire que des Ovnis avaient envahi le ciel de l’Hérault. Le JT de TF1 a même consacré un reportage sur ces étranges apparitions.

Rémi Gaillard a monté un canular sur des Ovnis en Occitanie

Rémi Gaillard a monté un canular sur des Ovnis en Occitanie
Photo d’illustration Pixabay

« Un ovni a-t-il été observé ces dernières nuits dans le ciel d’Occitanie ? De nombreux témoins publient des photos et des vidéos assez surprenantes », a déclaré Marie-Sophie Lacarrau, lors du JT de 13 heures du vendredi 12 novembre 2021, rapporte nos confrères de La Voix du Nord.

« Ça m'éclairait sur à peu près dix mètres. Je voyais ma vache avec un cercle autour », raconte Marie Sanchez, une éleveuse, dans un reportage sur ces étranges apparitions.

 

« Le traineau du père Noël ? »

« Cette boule lumineuse apparaît toutes les nuits depuis mardi soir à chaque fois à des endroits différents. Alors serait-ce le traineau du père Noël un peu en avance ou une fête à la station spatiale internationale ? Sur les réseaux sociaux, certains pensent à des essais militaires, des drones ou des météorites », indique la reporter au micro. « En terme de phénomène météologique, ça ne semble pas du tout collé puisque les météorites sont quelque chose de beaucoup plus lumineux, beaucoup plus filant », précise Loic Spadafora, météorologue et fondateur de Météo Gard Hérault. Sur son compte Twitter, il a relayé des vidéos dans lesquelles on observe un étrange trait jaune orangé qui traverse le ciel.

 « Vous faites croire n'importe quoi aux gens »

Contrairement aux hypothèses avancées par TF1, il ne s’agit ni du père Noël, ni des extraterrestres, mais d’un farceur très connu dans la région : Rémi Gaillard. Le Montpellierain, ancien candidat à la mairie, a avoué la supercherie dans une vidéo postée le 13 novembre. Le faisceau lumineux n’est autre qu’un drone muni d’une diode, et les témoins des complices de l’humoriste.

« En 1938, Orson Welles a fait croire à une invasion d'extraterrestres à la radio. Un siècle plus tard, grâce à vous, je viens de faire le même canular », s’est félicité Rémy Gaillard sur Twitter. Durant 2 minutes 30, il explique sa démarche : « On a réussi à vous piéger, merci d'avoir relayé cette information. Vous faites croire n'importe quoi aux gens, et là je me suis dit c'est à mon tour. »

« J'ai dû raconter je crois le plus gros bobard de ma vie », a de son côté la jeune éleveuse interrogée par le JT de TF1. Quant au météréologue, il était également complice du canular.

{ https://www.paris-normandie.fr/  }

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Un ovni dans le ciel d’Occitanie? Le journal télévisé de TF1 piégé par Rémi Gaillard

Un ovni dans le ciel d’Occitanie? Le journal télévisé de TF1 piégé par Rémi Gaillard

Par   

VIDÉO - Vendredi 12 novembre, Marie-Sophie Lacarrau évoquait dans le journal de 13 heures de la Une, l’apparition d’une mystérieuse lumière, laissant à penser qu’il pourrait s’agir d’extraterrestres.

«Un ovni a-t-il été observé ces dernières nuits dans le ciel d’Occitanie?» Vendredi dernier, Marie-Sophie Lacarrau consacrait une page de son journal de 13 heures de TF1 à «un phénomène intriguant». «De nombreux témoins publient des photos et des vidéos assez surprenantes dans l’Hérault et dans le Gard», expliquait la journaliste avant de lancer le sujet. Très sérieusement, celui-ci évoquait l’apparition quelques jours plus tôt d’une lumière dans le ciel en pleine nuit avec à l’appui le témoignage d’une éleveuse de chevaux de Marsillargues. «Ça m’éclairait sur à peu près 10 mètres, je voyais ma vache avec un cercle autour», déclarait la jeune femme.

Sourire aux lèvres

Pour étayer l’information apparue sur les réseaux sociaux, l’équipe de journalistes dépêchée sur place avait également interrogé un météorologue. «Les météorites sont plus lumineuses et plus filantes», avait souligné Loïc Spadafora. «Je note que nos correspondants ont beaucoup d’imagination», avait conclu Marie-Sophie Lacarrau le sourire aux lèvres.

À ce moment-là, la journaliste était loin de s’imaginer qu’il s’agissait en fait d’un canular monté de toutes pièces par Rémi Gaillard. Dans une vidéo postée le lendemain sur YouTube, le piégeur y apparaît aux côtés de ses deux complices. «Tout s’explique», s’enorgueillit-il avant de remercier les médias qui ont relayé l’information. «Souvent vous faites croire n’importe quoi aux gens et là, je me suis dit: “C’est à mon tour”.»

Lundi, Marie-Sophie Lacarrau est revenue sur le piège tendu par Rémi Gaillard. «On vous parlait vendredi dernier dans ce journal d’un mystérieux objet volant en Occitanie. On avait imaginé avec humour qu’il pouvait s’agir des extraterrestres, d’une météorite, d’une fête dans la station spatiale internationale ou même du traîneau du Père Noël. C’était en fait un canular, fin du suspense», a déclaré la journaliste sans pour autant mentionner le nom de l’instigateur ni présenter d’excuses aux téléspectateurs.

{ https://tvmag.lefigaro.fr/ }

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Zoroastrianism: 4000 Years of Faith, Fire and the Battle Between Good and Evil

The fire temple of Baku, c. 1860. Hindus, Sikhs, and Zoroastrians have worshipped here. Source: Public domain

Zoroastrianism: 4000 Years of Faith, Fire and the Battle Between Good and Evil

The origins of Zoroastrianism can be traced back to nearly 4,000 years ago. It was the first monotheistic faith in the world and even Persia’s official religion from 600 BC to 650 AD. And it still exists! However, while it was a powerful religion in the distant past, now Zoroastrianism is one of the smallest religions in the world. There are between 100,000 to 200,000 modern followers of Zoroastrianism worldwide.

Zoroaster – The Founder of Zoroastrianism


Zoroaster (Zarathushtra), a mysterious prophetic figure, founded Zoroastrianism in ancient Iran. While the precise date of the religion’s foundation is not known, it is believed to have been established between 1200-1500 BC, as per the archaeological evidence.

Zoroaster was born in Southwest Afghanistan or Northeast Iran. He was born into a family that followed a polytheistic religion which included the ritual use of different intoxicants and animal sacrifice. Very little information is available about the birth and early life of the prophet Zoroaster. Most of what is known about Zoroaster comes from The Gathas , which is an ancient hymn collection composed by Zarathushtra.

Life of Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism. (Public Domain)

Life of Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism.

( Public Domain )

Zoroaster rejected the Bronze Age Iranian religion that included worshipping many gods. He was also against the hallucinogenic Haoma plant use for rituals and opposed sacrificing animals. The early Zoroastrian texts reveal that the prophet used to receive answers through his prayers. Later writings state that he even ascended to heaven to speak with God directly.

As per the Zoroastrian tradition, Zoroaster had a divine vision when he was thirty years old. In the vision, he saw his Amesha Spentas (seven divine entities) and God while performing a ritual purification rite. This single vision changed his worldview, and he went on to tell others about it. He started believing that there was only one God, the creator. He also taught that the one God, called Ahura Mazda, was worthy of all worship.

Some of the deities, such as the Daevas of the old religion, seemed to delight in strife and war. According to the prophet Zoroaster, they were evil spirits who worked for Angra Mainyu, the adversary of God.

The Investiture Relief of Ardashir I, with Ardashir on the left, and Ahura Mazda on the right. (Ginolerhino 2002/CC BY-SA 3.0)

The Investiture Relief of Ardashir I, with Ardashir on the left, and Ahura Mazda on the right.

(Ginolerhino 2002/ CC BY-SA 3.0 )

Zoroastrian Religious Beliefs

The core belief system of Zoroastrianism is that Ahura Mazda is the supreme being of light and goodness, and Agra Mainyu is the spirit of evil and darkness. Ahura Mazda means ‘Wise Lord.’ Ahriman, who is equivalent to the devil, is believed to be the embodiment of Agra Mainyu.

According to this religion, everything that happens is driven by the dual forces of dark and light. Zoroastrians believe in the concept of free will. All human beings are free to make a choice whether they want to follow the path of light or darkness. The followers of this religion believe that ethical and active participation in life through good thoughts, good deeds, and good words is essential to keep chaos away and ensure happiness in life.

The religion teaches that Ahura Mazda is the creator of the whole universe and is compassionate by nature. He is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient. He is unchanging and the source of all happiness and goodness. He is capable of conceiving things that are impossible for humans. Zoroastrians also believe that everything that the Wise Lord has created is pure and must be treated with respect and love.

At the age of seven, the followers are given a kusti (cord) and sudreh (shirt) as a part of a ritual initiation ceremony. The garments are considered sacred. They tie the cord around the shirt three times to remind themselves of good words, good thoughts, and good deeds. They perform this ritual along with prayers several times a day. They emphasize action over belief. Zoroastrians generously give to charities and participate in social and educational initiatives.

Fire and water are symbols of purity in the Zoroastrian religion. The followers of this religion worship in fire temples that contain an altar where flames burn 24 hours a day. Earth and air are also considered sacred elements for Zoroastrians. Traditionally, Zoroastrians placed their dead on top of special towers where the bodies were left to be eaten by birds. However, modern Zoroastrians bury the dead in stone or concrete graves.

Printed drawing of 'Towers of Silence', two circular raised structures used by Zoroastrians (parsees) to dispose of the dead. (Wellcome Images/CC BY 4.0)

Printed drawing of 'Towers of Silence', two circular raised structures used by Zoroastrians (parsees) to dispose of the dead.

(Wellcome Images/ CC BY 4.0 )

Zoroastrian Holidays

According to the traditional Zoroastrian calendar, each month consists of 30 days and 5 or 6 days are added to the end of the year. Zoroastrian holidays usually fall on the same day every year. One of the most widely celebrated holidays for Zoroastrians is Nowruz. It is their New Year festival that falls on the first day of spring. They spend a month preparing for this holiday. According to the followers of the religion, the concept of New Year is to start fresh. It involves cleaning both one’s house and one’s soul.

Moreover, if anyone has old quarrels, they need to settle them by this date. During this festival, every house is filled with sweets, fruits, and long-stemmed white flowers. Gifts are exchanged for the New Year. Nowruz is still embedded in Iranian culture and is now celebrated as the Iranian New Year.

A painting depicting Haft-sin symbols of Nowruz related to the elements of Fire, Earth, Air, and Water, and the three life forms of Humans, Animals, and Plants. (Yousef abdinejad/CC BY-SA 4.0)

A painting depicting Haft-sin symbols of Nowruz related to the elements of Fire, Earth, Air, and Water, and the three life forms of Humans, Animals, and Plants.

(Yousef abdinejad/ CC BY-SA 4.0 )

Khordad Sal is another significant festival Zoroastrians celebrate. It is Zoroaster’s birthday and is celebrated six days after Nowruz. On this day, the followers of this religion gather in fire temples to feast and pray together.

As you can see, along with being one of the oldest religions, Zoroastrianism is also an interesting religion to explore.

  • Top Image: The fire temple of Baku, c. 1860 . Hindus, Sikhs, and Zoroastrians have worshipped here. 
  • Source: Public domain

By Bipin Dimri

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net }

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The 5 Most Terrifying Initiation Rites in History

The super painful initiation rite of the Sateré-Mawé people, one of the oldest native tribes of Brazil, involved wearing gloves full of stinging Bullet Ants. (Mongabay)

The super painful initiation rite of the Sateré-Mawé people, one of the oldest native tribes of Brazil, involved wearing gloves full of stinging Bullet Ants.

(Mongabay)

The 5 Most Terrifying Initiation Rites in History

Being a full-fledged member of any society was an important thing in many of the world’s oldest cultures. To be a part of the community, of the tribe, or the family, is one of the strongest human needs. Because those that are left ostracized and unaccepted, will suffer hardships and possibly death. But in remote corners of the world, not everyone was deemed fit to become a part of the society. That’s why complex and often brutal initiation rites were invented. These were tests of prowess, manhood, or womanhood. Those who passed these difficult initiation rites were accepted as full-fledged members of the family. But these tests were simple or peaceful. Often enough, they were straight out horrifying.

Initiation Rite #1: Surviving Stinging Ants in the Amazon

The Sateré-Mawé people are one of the oldest native tribes of Brazil . They live deep in the Amazon, and nowadays number a little over 10,000 people. Like many of the tribesmen living in the Amazon jungle, they have complex and intriguing initiation rites. And theirs is by far the most brutal one.

The Sateré-Mawé devised a complex test of manhood. Those who pass this initiation rite would become full-fledged warriors, with a fearsome reputation to boot. The rite involves surviving ant stings! The elders of the tribe catch a whole bunch of Bullet Ants ( Paraponera Clavata ), which are known for their extremely painful bite, equal to a bullet shot (hence their name).

The elders proceed to render the ants unconscious. They do so by placing them into a natural sedative they create. This allows them to handle the insects easily. Following this, each ant is woven into a pair of specially crafted gloves. Made out of palm leaves , the gloves resemble large oven mitts. Hundreds of ants are densely packed into these gloves, their stings pointed towards the inside. And then, the young boys of the tribe enter the initiation rite by wearing these gloves for more than five minutes. The ants sting his hands repeatedly, and the boy is exposed to extreme agony. It is said that such pain is unlike anything a man can experience.

When the ordeal is done, the boy is in terrible agony. The ant venom courses through his body, numbing it and causing hallucinations because of the intense pain. His hands become paralyzed and violent tremors shake his body continuously, sometimes for days. But that’s just the first part of the initiation rite. To become a warrior, the boy must complete the same process twenty times over the course of several months.

A sculpture of Maasai warriors on a lion hunt, which was also an initiation rite for individual potential warriors. (Transitions ABROAD)

A sculpture of Maasai warriors on a lion hunt, which was also an initiation rite for individual potential warriors.

( Transitions ABROAD )

Initiation Rite #2: Africa’s Maasai Lion Hunt

The Maasai are one of Africa’s best known ancient tribes. Dwelling near the African Great Lakes , these people pride themselves on their unique dress, traditions, and a very old way of life. And one of the most important parts of their culture is a complex tradition, historical practice, and an initiation rite: the lion hunt.

A very demanding rite of passage, the lion hunt was meant to initiate skilled boys into the rank of brave warriors. But the challenge was immense. Those who undertook it would show great bravery, and this would be a sign of personal achievement. In ancient times, before contact with the outside world, populations of both lions and the Maasai were very high. That’s why the elders encouraged young men to go on solo lion hunts . Without anyone’s help, a warrior would expose himself to incredible danger, facing a male lion with little more than a spear. Only the bravest “future” warriors would succeed in this task.

To make things more challenging, the rule stated that the warrior could not hunt lions that were sick, poisoned, snared, or otherwise incapacitated. What is more, the rules prohibited the hunting of lionesses. The Maasai considered them the bearers of life in every species. So, only the most dangerous male lions were hunted.

However, over the years, the lion populations shrunk considerably, and hunting them became difficult. Thus, the Maasai developed olamayio, the group hunt that ensured more success. But even so, the practice remains one of the most terrifying initiation rites in history.

Just imagine yourself facing a raging lion, armed with a spear. You’ll quickly understand why this would be a rite reserved only for the bravest.

The deadly Vanuatu land diving platform with a young boy ready to leap! (Paul Stein / CC BY-SA 2.0)

The deadly Vanuatu land diving platform with a young boy ready to leap!

(Paul Stein / CC BY-SA 2.0 )

Initiation Rite #3: The Deadly Vanuatu Land Diving Ritual

The country of Vanuatu is an archipelago comprising 83 islands of various sizes. On one of these, Pentecost Island, the tribesmen perform a death-defying initiation rite that is listed amongst the world’s deadliest tribal practices. The rite can very easily end in death.

It is best described as the earliest form of and a precursor to bungee jumping. As an initiation rite, it is a sure way for a young man to prove his masculinity and to be initiated into the rank of the bravest warriors. As a ceremony, it is considered as a way to enhance the health and the abilities of all who jump. The ceremony is also believed to cure illnesses and physical ailments that come with the annual wet season.

The rite begins with the construction of a tall tower . It is made over the course of five weeks and can be up to 20 to 30 meters (66 to 98 feet) high when finished. Essentially, it is a series of scaffolding platforms, and the jumpers can choose a height that is suited to their age. Once they commit, they tie special vines around their ankles, which are designed to prevent them from hitting the ground and dying. As an added precaution, the ground at the bottom of the platform is tilled to soften the impact.

The men who jump are defying death. Their goal is to brush their shoulders against the ground, after plummeting down to the ground from an extreme height. The ramshackle tower creaks and bends, and the barely elastic vines tug violently on the man’s legs. In the end, their bodies stop just barely off the ground, and they are able to walk away safely. But one simple mistake, and all can end in death and disaster.

This initiation rite can be undertaken by both boys and grown men. When boys receive their ritual circumcision around age seven, they become eligible to make the jump. By completing this incredible challenge, they prove their masculinity to all the members of their tribe.

The four-stage initiation rite of the Matsë Tribe in the Brazilian jungle involves injecting the poison of the Giant Monkey Frog into a tribe member's blood. (Xapiriground)

The four-stage initiation rite of the Matsë Tribe in the Brazilian jungle involves injecting the poison of the Giant Monkey Frog into a tribe member's blood.

( Xapiriground)

Initiation Rite #4: The Excruciating Trials of the Matsë Tribe

The Matsë Indians, also known as Matis, are one of Brazil’s most remote Amazonian tribes. Living deep in the isolated jungle areas of Western Brazil, the Matis were only discovered in the 1970s. Up to that point, the tribesmen believed that the passenger planes flying high above the tree canopies were the spirits of their ancestors. And the smaller two-man planes that flew lower were considered to be harmful demon spirits. Outside contact nearly wiped the tribe out, as smallpox was something their immune systems couldn’t endure. Luckily, the tribe managed to survive, although in small numbers. Their straight-out terrifying initiation rites take place in four separate stages.

Before reaching manhood, a boy of the Matis tribe needs to prove himself worthy of hunting alongside other men. To do so, he needs to pass their initiation rites, a complex four-stage trial that places him in great danger and great pain.

The first part of the trial consists of temporary self-blinding. The boy puts a concoction of bitter and dangerous poison straight into his eyes. The elders believe that once the sight returns (if at all) it is enhanced and will make the boy a better hunter, enhancing the senses and improving vision.

Next, the boy endures a series of brutal whippings and beatings by the other men. These are done with the stems of the rattan plant . The whipping is supposed to help remove laziness.

The next step of the four-stage trial is even more extreme. The young man is injected with the poison of Phyllomedusa Bicolor (Giant Monkey Frog) , a small poisonous frog native to the jungles of Brazil. The poison is placed directly into the bloodstream, and its effects are brutal. If the boy proves his courage and does not vomit at once, he is injected again. What follows is light-headedness, violent vomiting, and uncontrolled bowel movements. In the end, it is believed that the frog poison will greatly increase the man’s strength and endurance.

Finally, in the fourth stage, the initiate is body rubbed with the leaves of a poisonous plant. This causes a heavy painful rash that lasts for hours and is believed to help the man with patience.

Only after completing these demanding initiation rites are the men deemed worthy of accompanying others in the hunt. The only catch is that these trials are repeated many times before every important hunting trip.

The Mandan Okipa Spirit Ceremony, depicted in this painting by George Catlin, involved hanging initiates by their muscles and beating them. (George Catlin / Public domain)

The Mandan Okipa Spirit Ceremony, depicted in this painting by George Catlin, involved hanging initiates by their muscles and beating them.

( George Catlin / Public domain )

Initiation Rite #5: The Mandan Okipa Spirit Ceremony

The Mandan tribe of the Great Plains region of America is one of the best known and best documented tribes of the continent. They lived in the area of what is now North Dakota and were one of the great trading tribes and excelled in corn production. They also had a complex set of traditions and beliefs, all of which were well documented by European explorers in the late 1700s and early 1800s. One of these was the Okipa or Sun Dance ceremony. It was a religious ceremony that was of the highest priority for the tribe, but it was also an initiation rite, offering a chance for young warriors to become respected and admired members of the tribe.


There were at least three purposes to the Okipa: the annual commemoration of the tribe’s salvation from the primordial flood (according to their myths), to communicate with ancient spirits and summon buffalos, and to give the chance for individuals (usually men) to complete vows given to the almighty spirit to prove their bravery and dedication. But not everyone could endure this brutal ceremony. Only the bravest of warriors could get through this violent rite of passage.

Before the ordeal, chosen warriors would not eat, drink, or sleep for four days. Afterwards, they were led to the great hut where the ordeal began. They were required to sit smiling, while elders pierced their shoulders and chest, thrusting skewers behind the muscles. Next, ropes were tied to the skewers, and the warriors suspended in mid-air, hanging there until they fainted.

Elders would add more weight to their legs, in order to increase agony and tension on their muscles. Next, they were removed from the skewers, and upon awakening the approval of the great spirits was confirmed. In gratitude, the warriors would offer their left little finger, which was cut off as a sacrifice with a hatchet.

In the last step of the ordeal, the men would race around the village, dragging their weights behind them, until they ripped out of the skin alongside the skewers. This marked the end of a grueling ordeal. Men who completed the rite twice in their life would gain everlasting fame in their tribe.

The Hamar people of southwestern Ethiopia are famous for their bull jumping initiation rite, which is also dangerous and sometimes deadly! This photo shows them preparing for this rite. (veleknez / Adobe Stock)

The Hamar people of southwestern Ethiopia are famous for their bull jumping initiation rite, which is also dangerous and sometimes deadly! This photo shows them preparing for this rite.

( veleknez / Adobe Stock)

What Would You Do to Become a Part of Your Community?

In primitive societies, young braves and would-be warriors were ready to complete anything just so they could become a proven member of the community. It was the adventure of a lifetime, the annual event that everyone spoke of in hushed voices. Men and women who didn’t complete these tests would be looked down upon, lacking bravery and the attributes of their sex.

There’s no doubt that these initiation rites required great courage and endurance, and that they left the initiates tougher and bolder for the rest of their lives. But they were also foolish and dangerous, and put the young people at great risk. Sometimes, these rites of initiation would end in death. But for the people who practiced these rites, death was the will of the great spirits.

  • Top image: The super painful initiation rite of the Sateré-Mawé people, one of the oldest native tribes of Brazil, involved wearing gloves full of stinging Bullet Ants.             
  • Source: Mongabay

By Aleksa Vučković

{  https://www.ancient-origins.net/general }

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Explaining the Weirdly Alien Looking Statues of Pharaoh Akhenaten

Akhenaten-statues.jpg

Pharaoh Akhenaten in the center and his family worshiping Aten personified as the rays of a solar disk; later such imagery was prohibited.

Source: Egyptian Museum / Public domain

Explaining the Weirdly Alien Looking Statues of Pharaoh Akhenaten

In the history of Ancient Egypt, Akhenaten occupies a very special place. Of all the pharaohs over the many centuries, he was by far the most controversial one. His radical policies, major religious reforms, and social changes, all caused a lot of instability in the Ancient Egyptian state. His reign and the changes he put through were one of the major turbulences in the entire timeline of this ancient civilization, and arguably caused a spiraling and slow downfall that could not be remedied by his successors. One of the major changes Akhenaten introduced was in art. Sculptures, carvings, and paintings from his reign are all markedly different from the usual Egyptian fare. Human features were accentuated to impossible and odd proportions, and some pieces look outright alien. This has caused a lot of unique theories to spring up over time. But what was the actual reason the odd art pieces propagated by Akhenaten?

A colossal statue of Akhenaten from his Aten Temple at Karnak on display in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo. (CC BY-SA 2.5)

A colossal statue of Akhenaten from his Aten Temple at Karnak on display in the Egyptian Museum of Cairo.

( CC BY-SA 2.5 )

Akhenaten and His Controversial Reign

We can understand a lot about Akhenaten’s controversial reign by just observing his origins. He was a son of Pharaoh Amenhotep III . The reign of this exalted ruler was marked as a period of unparalleled prosperity in Ancient Egypt. Amenhotep III reigned from circa 1388 to 1351 BC as the ninth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty . During this time arts, culture, architecture, and international power within Ancient Egypt were at their absolute zenith. To that end, we can understand that Amenhotep III’s son, the future Akhenaten, was born and raised in relative peace, prosperity, and abundance. In fact, in Akhenaten’s life there were little to no hardships that would toughen up and shape a future ruler. Could it be that much of his questionable future stems from such an idyllic background?

Upon the death of his father Amenhotep III, and his older brother Thutmose, young Akhenaten became the tenth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Akhenaten was not his original name: at birth and ascension to the throne, he was named Amenhotep IV. But after the fifth year of his reign, around the time when he began introducing his odd policies, he adopted the name Akhenaten, meaning “Effective for the Aten.”

This famous (or infamous) pharaoh is best known for his radical and revolutionary changes to the traditional Ancient Egyptian polytheistic religion . Initially in his reign, he followed the established traditions that were followed by his father also. But after that fateful fifth year into his rule, young Amenhotep IV underwent a major transformation. He officially changed his name to Akhenaten, and became a devotee of the cult of Aten, changing his allegiance from the cult of Amun . And over the following twelve years, he caused a major ruckus across the Egyptian state. And he became known as the “Heretic Pharaoh” by instigating major changes in Egyptian religion and art.

Aten depicted in art from the throne of Tutankhamun, which may have been originally made for Akhenaten himself. (Djehouty / CC BY-SA 4.0)

Aten depicted in art from the throne of Tutankhamun, which may have been originally made for Akhenaten himself.

(Djehouty / CC BY-SA 4.0 )

Aten: The Living Incarnation of the Sun Itself

First, a word or two about Aten. In Ancient Egyptian mythology, Aten was the great disc of the Sun, initially another aspect of the God Ra . The symbol of Aten was the Sun disc and its radiating rays of light. In many ways, Aten could be considered as the Sun, personified.

In Akhenaten’s time, Aten, the Sun Disc, was not new. It had existed for centuries and was a small and lesser-known religious cult god, like many others. The major religious deity of Akhenaten’s time, however, was that of God Amun . The cult of Amun was a major religious (and political) player within Ancient Egypt. The powerful priests of Amun held a lot of power in the state, and at its peak (during the reign of Amenhotep III), the cult of Amun owned more land than the pharaoh himself. And by the time Akhenaten came to the throne, the priests of Amun were almost on an equal standing with the pharaoh, in terms of wealth and influence.

It is possible that Akhenaten, seeking to curb the power of this major religious cult and place himself on top, decided to shift from the traditional religious norms. To that end, he pronounced himself as the “living incarnation of a single all-powerful deity known as Aten,” outlawing the traditional Ancient Egyptian religion, and, in the process, closed all major temples and suppressed religious practices.

After centuries of well-developed Egyptian religion, this came as a major change that was not well accepted in society. Atenism, the religion that Akhenaten introduced, is widely regarded as absolute monotheism, which is radically different from polytheism.

Over the following years, the changes in Egyptian society kept piling up. Akhenaten ordered the creation of a completely new capital city. It was called Akhetaten, the Horizon of Aten, and is today known as Amarna. The city defined the “Amarna period,” the official name for the period of Akhenaten’s reign. And the Amarna period was unlike anything else in the entire history of Ancient Egypt.

Akhenaten “bathing” in the solar light of Aten, the new god of ultimate stature in the radically unique Amarna period. (Hans Ollermann / CC BY 2.0)

Akhenaten “bathing” in the solar light of Aten, the new god of ultimate stature in the radically unique Amarna period.

(Hans Ollermann / CC BY 2.0 )

A Unique Art Style or Something Beyond Comprehension?

Another hard-to-accept change in society was the new and unique artistic style that was developed under close direction of Pharaoh Akhenaten. In general, art of Ancient Egypt was incredibly slow to change, often following the same style for centuries on end. Thus, the sudden and dramatic changes of the Amarna period were unlike anything seen before.

Suddenly, standard reliefs showed new activities on display. And quickly the reliefs of Akhenaten became more crowded and filled with details. Moreover, humans were portrayed in a more realistic fashion, with a more three-dimensional approach and with exaggerated features . In many ways, they were almost alien-looking, with their elongated heads, bulbous stomachs, and long limbs. The Sun Disc of Aten is present in almost all of these “new” reliefs and paintings.

Egyptian sculptures also became immensely different and bordered on completely alien human depictions. Most noticeable aspects of this can be observed on the many surviving sculptures and busts of Akhenaten himself, and his wife Nefertiti. Necks, faces, and skulls were dramatically elongated, the chin made prominent, and lips large and accentuated. The pharaoh is portrayed with extra high cheekbones, and unmistakably wide hips, thighs, and bottom. He is also portrayed with a noticeable paunch in the form of a fatty protruding belly. In simpler terms, he was portrayed as an almost alien-looking man. What is the reason for this?

Certain scholars argue that this sudden change in artistic style can be explained by an influx of “new people or groups of artists whose background and training were different from those of the classical Karnak sculptors.” It is possible that Akhenaten introduced foreign artists to achieve his artistic goals, although this theory has never been proven.

Other scholars, on the other hand, have drawn extreme and illogical conclusions, bringing actual extraterrestrials into the story, presenting Akhenaten’s alien portraiture as something utterly mysterious and inexplicable. But could the actual explanation be far simpler than this?

A relief portrait of Akhenaten from the Amarna period (circa 1345 BC) that reveals his unique facial features that seem almost

A relief portrait of Akhenaten from the Amarna period (circa 1345 BC) that reveals his unique facial features that seem almost "alien."

(Keith Schengili-Roberts / CC BY-SA 3.0 )

A Dynastic Line Plagued By Genetic Deformities

Most scholars agree that these unique portrayals of the pharaoh and his family are due to genetic abnormalities and physical defects that he suffered from in life. Rather than accentuated and alien features of a unique art style, these changes might simply be an ultra-realistic portrayal of the ruler as he was. But how can a man suffer from a string of genetic defects, and still be a powerful ruler?

Well, in Ancient Egypt, this was not at all unusual. Pharaohs practiced marriage between siblings for centuries. Brothers married sisters, ensuring the purity of the dynastic lineage, and their offspring also inter-married. It was almost the norm. Of course, having offspring with your brother or sister, i.e., inbreeding, is completely unnatural, and it can cause a string of genetic deformities across generations. A classic example is the iconic “Habsburg Jaw.”

So, did Akhenaten look totally deformed and unnatural? It’s more than likely.

Many leading scientists and scholars cited a number of possible syndromes and disorders that could have troubled Akhenaten. Mandibular prognathism , the extreme protrusion of the lower jaw (best known as the “Habsburg Jaw”), could have been one of these, and the cause of the prominent chin portrayed on Akhenaten’s sculptures. Early researchers proposed Frölich's syndrome as a possibility. It is also known as Adiposogenital dystrophy , and causes enlarged breasts, thighs, paunch, and bottom in men, creating a look that is similar to that of Akhenaten. However, this theory has been largely dismissed since this syndrome usually causes sterility, but Akhenaten sired many children.

Marfan syndrome, a multi-systemic genetic disorder, is also a likely possibility. It causes a string of physical deformities but does not impair mental abilities or causes sterility. Those suffering from this rare syndrome develop an elongated and thin face, they grow extremely tall, they display an elongated skull, fingers, and arms; they have enlarged thighs and a larger pelvis, and a funnel chest. Many of these symptoms can be seen on Akhenaten’s odd sculptures. What is more, there is a 50% chance that people suffering from it can pass it onto their offspring. Interestingly, Akhenaten’s daughters are also portrayed with odd features, notably their elongated skulls.

Wooden standing statue of Akhenaten, currently in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin, that also shows how his body was different or depicted differently. (Miguel Hermoso Cuesta / CC BY-SA 4.0)

Wooden standing statue of Akhenaten, currently in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin, that also shows how his body was different or depicted differently.

(Miguel Hermoso Cuesta / CC BY-SA 4.0 )

An Inbred Pharaoh Far From Perfection

Other scholars have proposed Gynecomastia, an imbalance of estrogen levels that causes enlarged breasts in men, while others put forward Craniosynostosis, a condition that causes deformities of the skull. Other possibilities include Sagittal Craniosynostosis syndrome, Aromatase Excess syndrome, or Klinefelter syndrome. Mental disabilities were also considered. Generations of inbreeding won’t cause only physical deformities, but mental ones as well. Schizophrenia, egomania, and similar conditions could have possibly afflicted Akhenaten.

To piece together the puzzle of Akhenaten’s odd looks, we need to follow his successors also. It is likely that he was the father of the young pharaoh Tutankhamun. The latter is famous today because of the discovery of his intact tomb, which is still the most sensational discovery in the world of Egyptology. However, it is likely that he was not extremely influential during his life and reign. What is more, modern research shows that Tutankhamun, who died when he was just 18, was plagued by a number of debilitating genetic diseases, and that he might have had a physical appearance similar to his father, Akhenaten.

Modern CT scans show that Tutankhamun had a physical disability in the form of a deformed left foot with bone necrosis, and that he was forced to use a cane at all times. Other finds indicate that he could have suffered from gynecomastia, Marfan syndrome, Antley-Bixler Syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Wilson–Turner X-linked intellectual disability syndrome, and several other serious defects. By all accounts, young pharaoh “Tut” was extremely frail and seriously deformed. Modern forensic reconstructions of his remains show him as such, in addition to sharing many of his father’s physical characteristics.

A bust of Akhenaten in the Luxor Museum, Egypt. (Paul Mannix / CC BY 2.0)

A bust of Akhenaten in the Luxor Museum, Egypt.

(Paul Mannix / CC BY 2.0 )

A Grotesque Ruler With Ideas That Were Too Radical

Considering all these facts, and the advantages of modern medical science, we can safely stand behind the theory that Akhenaten, his offspring, and possibly his predecessors, all suffered from mild to severe genetic deformities, all caused by generations of inbreeding. While they believed that marrying brothers and sisters would ensure purity of the bloodlines, they were in fact polluting them, causing multiple hereditary congenital defects.

Akhenaten’s odd and controversial reign is hard to explain. He could have introduced the radical changes for political reasons, or he could have simply been a tyrannical monarch, plagued with physical and mental disorders and obsessed with the sun deity Aten.

After his death, all of his changes were reversed, and Egypt quickly returned to its old and established ways. Either way, there is no mistaking the alien-looking appearance present in all of Akhenaten’s depictions both in statues and reliefs. A realistic portrayal of a deformed pharaoh, or a unique and abstract art style? We may never know for certain.

  • Top image: Pharaoh Akhenaten in the center and his family worshiping Aten personified as the rays of a solar disk; later such imagery was prohibited.
  • Source: Egyptian Museum / Public domain

By Aleksa Vučković

{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/ }

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 16 - 11 - 2021

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - 16 - 11 - 2021

Cylindrical Shaped UFO Spotted Over Nevada & A Triangular Shaped UFO Seen Over Rome?

Dark Cylindrical shape object recorded over Las Vegas also a Triangular shaped UFO spotted over Rome.

Source of First video MUFON case # 119181

Source of second video SCOTT C WARING UFO Sightings Daily

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

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‘Oumuamua is Not a Nitrogen Iceberg – So What is it?

th?id=OVFT.9Xe_Ls2AMlA0733dYE3qoC&pid=News&w=197&h=112&c=14&rs=2&qlt=90&dpr=1.53

‘Oumuamua is Not a Nitrogen Iceberg – So What is it?

The mysterious cigar-shaped interstellar object named ‘Oumuamua has baffled experts since it was first seen speeding through our Solar System back in October of 2017. There are numerous theories as to what it is, such as a comet, asteroid, dust bunny, alien technology, a hydrogen iceberg, and part of a Pluto-like planet.

In regards to the Pluto-like planet theory, researchers claimed that the mysterious object may have contained solid nitrogen because its body was shiny and reflective. Since Pluto and Saturn’s moon Titan both have some nitrogen ice, the experts theorized that ‘Oumuamua may have been a broken piece of a Pluto-like planet from a different solar system. But a new study by two astrophysicists seems to debunk that hypothesis.

According to Harvard astrophysicists Amir Siraj and Avi Loeb, based on the size of ‘Oumuamua, it couldn’t be a nitrogen iceberg as there isn’t enough nitrogen to make an object that large – it has an estimated length of between 1,300 and 2,600 feet (400 to 800 meters), and between 115 and 548 feet in width (35 to 167 meters).

In fact, they claim that there isn’t enough nitrogen ice in the entire universe to create an object the size of ‘Oumuamua. The astrophysicists even went a step further and calculated how much mass Pluto-like exoplanets would need to have in order to make a nitrogen iceberg the same size as ‘Oumuamua and they found that the planets would need to have a mass greater than their stars and over twice the mass that would be required to create all of the planets in our own Solar System. “But that’s crazy,” Siraj noted, adding, “It’s preposterous.”

Siraj and Loeb’s study was published in the journal New Astronomy where it can be read in full.

But Steven Desch and Alan Jackson, who are the two astrophysicists from Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration who conducted the original study about the ‘Oumuamua coming from a piece of a Pluto-like planet, are not convinced that Siraj and Loeb debunked their theory.

‘Oumuamua (the dot in the middle) photographed on 28 October 2017 by the 4.2 meter William Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands.

(Via Wikipedia)

In an email to Live Science, Desch stated, “Siraj and Loeb did not find that we made a mistake, and so they should have accepted the numbers we got.” “Instead, they attempted their own back-of-the-envelope calculation and made a great number of approximations and estimates, and came up with different numbers that they say aren’t favorable.” “They are attempting to manufacture controversy when none exists.”

So, what exactly is ‘Oumuamua? The mystery regarding the unexplained interstellar object continues…

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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ISS-crew moet twee uur lang in capsules schuilen voor ruimteschroot opgeblazen Russische satelliet, NASA-topman verontwaardigd: “Roekeloos en gevaarlijk”

Het ISS.

ISS-crew moet twee uur lang in capsules schuilen voor ruimteschroot opgeblazen Russische satelliet, NASA-topman verontwaardigd: “Roekeloos en gevaarlijk”

Bill Nelson, de topman van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA, is verontwaardigd over “roekeloos en gevaarlijk" gedrag van Rusland. Een Russische antisatelliettest veroorzaakte een wolk ruimteschroot die volgens de Amerikanen de bemanning van het Internationaal Ruimtestation in gevaar bracht.

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LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS - unknown objects on MARS

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS  - unknown objects on MARS

Perseverance rover recently sees an attempts takeoff from mars surface.

NASA's Perseverance rover sees an unknown object behind the rover on mars.

The Ancient Angle Structure with Planet on MARS Surface unknown object behind the rover on mars

Curiosity went into hibernation for a few weeks, executing only routine environmental and radiation monitoring activities, while the Sun was positioned between us and Mars . Curiosity is healthy after her rest, and we wasted no time planning a multitude of science activities. Prior to conjunction, Curiosity drove away from the Maria Gordon drill site to an area nearby that contained large resistant nodules . We deliberately drove over the nodules to crush them and expose their fresh interiors for examination by a number of the science instruments.

The team is interested in determining the chemistry of the nodules relative to the flat bedrock. The workspace imaging that came down confirmed that we had successfully broken some of the nodules, such that we were able to make several observations just before conjunction. Today, we took advantage of pre-planning prior to conjunction to acquire APXS chemistry and MAHLI images on the crushed «Helmsdale Boulder Beds.» MAHLI will also image another fresh-looking nodule, «Goose Stone.» These observations will be complemented with ChemCam LIBS measurements and Mastcam images on the same crushed «Helmsdale Boulder Beds» target and the «Crovie» bedrock target. Looking further afield, Curiosity will image resistant, pediment-capping rock in the distance with ChemCam RMI and Mastcam.

These blog updates are provided by self-selected Mars Science Laboratory mission team members who love to share what Curiosity is doing with the public.

Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Perseverance mars rover sees an unknown object is roaming around it.

Perseverance rover sees an unknown flying object hiding behind the rover on mars.

{  https://www.youtube.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 16:20 Stuur door

Bob Lazar Explains What We See

Bob Lazar Explains What We See

The only qualified person that can really explain what we see in this video from 1991 is of course Bob Lazar. Why do UFO move so goofy? What is this glow? 
area%2B51%2Bufo.jpg

Bob gives us the answers in easy to understand terms. 
Just for clarification: This VHS video was shot from Mailbox Road on public land. This is an unedited original 720x40p VHS recording and not a night vision recording. 
As background I have used a photo showing the mountain range. The mountains have been carefully placed in the right position with an accuracy of 5-10 meters. The camera is looking South West towards a mountain range called White Sides. 
Some "expert debunkers" claim that this is a test of a laser induced plasma ball. When you look at the position of the UFO when it dives in front of the mountain. 
The laser would have been standing outside of Area 51 on public land and quite near the location of the person who filmed it. So the plasma balls theory can be thrown in the bin, just like the planet theory that this is Mars, Venus, Jupiter, our Moon or the landing light of an airplane. Sorry debunkers but you either have to think of a new theory or you can accept that you cannot explain what it is and therefore an unknown flying object.
  
RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

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Aliens in Alaska – Nightmare Below Zero S01E05

Aliens in Alaska – Nightmare Below Zero S01E05

aliens-in-alaska-2021

Ancient Aliens – Nightmare Below Zero

Season 1, Episode 5

26th April 2021, Discovery+

A man finds a mysterious implant in his leg after a nighttime snowmobile ride. Four friends witness the same eerie light show miles away from each other. An otherworldly beast stalks a family for three generations. A woman hears an unholy chorus.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

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SpaceX's Endeavor capsule appears like a shooting star or 'donut UFO' over Louisiana and Alabama during the return trip to Earth that brought four astronauts home from the ISS

SpaceX's Endeavor capsule appears like a shooting star or 'donut UFO' over Louisiana and Alabama during the return trip to Earth that brought four astronauts home from the ISS

  • SpaceX's Endeavor capsule brought four astronauts home last night
  • The craft was spotted streaking across the night Monday evening 
  • Reports of light show came from Alabama and Louisiana
  • The capsule was traveling at least 17,000mph at the time 

A bright light streaked across the sky over parts of the southern U.S. on Monday evening that had some bystanders questioning if they saw a UFO.

Instead, it was the SpaceX return capsule.

The cosmic light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Florida.

Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm ET, bring the, Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station.

The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule.  

Sightings of the SpaceX capsule were reported in Louisiana, Alabama and several other states along the gulf.

Scroll down for video 

The light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida

The light show was a result of the Endeavour craft soaring through Earth’s atmosphere as it headed towards its designated splashdown zone in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Florida

Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama, urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spotted a streak of light in the night sky.

Twitter user Christopher of Mandeville, Louisiana shared a great image of the event on Twitter.  

‘Holy cr** that was awesome,’ he included with the tweet.

The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it fell towards the ocean. 

It eventually slowed down and released parachutes to help stop it from crashing.

One spectator joked on Twitter about the capsule potentially being a UFO when it streaked through the night sky

At 10:38pm ET on Monday, the green light was given for the rescue crews to approach the capsule that had just landed in the Gulf of Mexico.

'We were on the helipad watching the crew members streak through the atmosphere, and it looked like a meteor - it was truly incredible,' said Leah Cheshier, a NASA spokesman.

'We couldn't ask for better conditions and things are moving really smoothly here and happening as planned.'

At 11:14pm ET, the side hatch was opened, and the crew disembarked. 

Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm, bring the Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station

Carrying four astronauts, the capsule splashed down on time at 10:33pm, bring the Crew-2 mission back to Earth after spending the last 200 days aboard the International Space Station

The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule

The astronauts – NASA’s Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, along with the European Space Agency's Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's astronaut Akihiko Hoshide – not only made headlines for coming home, but for having to complete the journey in diapers due to a faulty toilet in the capsule

McArthur, the captain, was the first to leave, at 11:26pm ET.

She was followed by Commander Kimbrough, beaming as he was carried out of the capsule and put on the stretcher to be wheeled away. He waved for the cameras and made a V for Victory sign.

All four were out of the capsule by 11:33pm, with smiles and fist-bumps all round.

Their return was initially set for Sunday afternoon, but high winds delayed the trip by a day.

Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spot a streak of light in the night sky

Matt Kroschel, an anchor for a local news outlet in Huntsville, Alabama urged residents to not call the newsroom with UFO reports if they spot a streak of light in the night sky

Another sighting was reported over Gulf Shores, Alabama. The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it free-falls toward the ocean, all the while slowing its speed before releasing parachutes to help stop it from crashing before splashing down

Another sighting was reported over Gulf Shores, Alabama. The capsule traveled at least 17,000 miles per hour during deorbit as it free-falls toward the ocean, all the while slowing its speed before releasing parachutes to help stop it from crashing before splashing down

The SpaceX capsule, named Endeavour, was without a bathroom, due to a faulty toilet design, forcing the crew to wear diapers for the trip back to Earth.

However, the rescheduled mission cut the trip from space by 12 hours - it was only eight hours long instead of the expected 20 hours - due to the path from the ship to Earth, so the team did not have to sport the protective undergarments for as long as previously expected.

The Endeavour capsule is not the first SpaceX craft to spark UFO reports upon returning to Earth.

In September, SpaceX's Cargo Dragon C208-2 was spotted streaking through the night sky over parts of Georgia and Florida.

The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30.

In September, Cargo Dragon C208-2 was spotted streaking through the night sky over parts of Georgia and Florida

In September, Cargo Dragon C208-2 was spotted streaking through the night sky over parts of Georgia and Florida

The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30

The Cargo Dragon C208-2 undocked from the ISS at 9:12am Thursday, following a supply run to the ship, and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean around 11pm ET on September 30

SpaceX tweeted that the capsule may be visible in parts of Georgia and Florida – and the firm was correct.

Many residents shared the event on Twitter, showing images of the glowing craft with a long, illuminated tail as it soared over highways and neighborhoods.

Local news stations in Florida received numerous reports of a loud boom on Thursday night, which was heard by residents in the Jacksonville area and all the way down to St. Augustine.

Residents said the loud boom rattled dishes and windows, along with entire homes.

The loud noise was a sonic boom released from the capsule, Newsweek reports.

According to NASA, a sonic boom is the thunder-like noise that someone on the ground hears when an aircraft or spacecraft overhead flies faster than the speed of sound.

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Geschreven door peter om 01:47 Stuur door

Bizarre Doughnut UFO Spotted Over Switzerland Could be Mistaken for SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour Capsule

Bizarre Doughnut UFO Spotted Over Switzerland Could be Mistaken for SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour Capsule

Doughnut UFO Unidentified Flying Object Switzerland SpaceX

H/t: Live Science


A photographer from Zurich, Switzerland captured a bizarre sight in the night sky on Monday, November 8th, and it resembles a doughnut. This unidentified flying object could have been mistaken for the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour capsule, which returned from a 200-day trip to the International Space Station, but only spectators in Alabama, Louisiana, and other Gulf states were able to get clear views of the capsule. 

Read more for another picture and a screenshot of the now deleted Tweet


Doughnut UFO Unidentified Flying Object Switzerland SpaceX
Since the doughnut UFO can be ruled out as a SpaceX capsule, amateur satellite tracker Marco Langbroek said that there is a possibility of it being just a distant star. Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Massachusetts, claims the object could also be an upper stage of a rocket burning up.


Doughnut UFO Unidentified Flying Object Switzerland SpaceX

Any passes [of Endeavour] over Switzerland prior to landing that night would have been completely in Earth’s shadow, i.e. it would not be illuminated by the sun and hence not visible. Reentry itself was over Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, and would not have been visible from Switzerland. The deorbit burn, prior to reentry, was over the Indian Ocean, so also not visible from Switzerland,” said Marco Langbroek, an academic researcher at Leiden University in the Netherlands, to LiveScience.

{ https://www.techeblog.com/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 01:37 Stuur door

NASA astronaut 'told to hide' in Russian spacecraft as ISS facing 'concerning' threat

NASA astronaut 'told to hide' in Russian spacecraft as ISS facing 'concerning' threat

A NASA astronaut has been "told to hide" inside a Russian spacecraft as the International Space Station (ISS) is facing the threat of being struck by space debris.

It came amid reports that space debris were heading towards the space station. They are said to have narrowly missed the ISS, but experts warned they could reapproach between 11:44 to 11:54. When the news broke. ground control in Russia and the US appeared to fear for the worst as they ordered their crew to hide inside their spaceships.

A flight controller in Houston said during a live stream on NASA’s website that the ISS crews, consisting of Russians and Americans, fled to docked spaceships to camp out from the crash. 

Space enthusiast Liam Kennedy commented on Twitter: "ISS crew told to hide due to threat of space debris."

But while Russian cosmonauts Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov quickly fled to the Soyuz MS-19, stuck with them too was said to be NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei. 

The rest of the US crew, including Raja Chari, Thomas Marshburn, Kayla Barron and Germany’s Matthias Maurer fled to the Crew Dragon spacecraft.

The news comes after part of a Chinese satellite whizzed past the space station in a near miss on Wednesday.

The ISS reportedly swerved away from the lump of debris to avoid a collision with piece of the Chinese weather satellite destroyed in a weapons test in 2007.

The ISS is facing a threat in space

The ISS is facing a threat in space 
(Image: GETTY)

Soyuz Rocket

Soyuz MS-19 
(Image: Getty )

The Chinese Fengyun-1C satellite was due to zoom past the ISS at a distance of about 600 meters in the early hours of November 12, and the ISS' orbit was elevated by 1,200 meters in that connection.

This did not catch the crew completely off guard, as they were given two days to prepare for the collision, but today the alarm was sounded too late and astronauts were forced totake emergency measures.

Ian Benecken posted on Twitter: "Next space debris cloud TCA (time of closest approach) will be between 11:44 and 11:54 UTC...the hatches to all radial modules stay closed for today and will only be opened on request between the TCAs."
Roscosmos, the Russian state organisation responsible for space flights, said: "The guidelines say that the crew should stay on a ship at the approaching moment in the event of the ISS' approach by a potentially dangerous object." 
READ MORE:

Astronauts

The astronauts had to hide in their spaceships 
(Image: Getty)
The ISS is no stranger to threats from flying threats of space debris.

The Central Research Institute for Machine Building (TsNIIMash) said in April 2019 that the ISS had performed a total of 25 manoeuvres to escape collisions with space debris.

The shortest distance between the ISS and chunks of space debris was 720 metres.

And two manoeuvres of the sort were also performed by the ISS last year, in July and September.

DON'T MISS 

Crew dragon rocket launch

Crew dragon rocket launch 
(Image: Getty )

China satellite

Space debris came from part of a Chinese satellite 
(Image: Getty )

There are reportedly over 27,000 pieces of orbital debris, or “space junk,” that are tracked by the US’ Department of Defence global Space Surveillance Network (SSN) sensors.

And there is much more debris that is too small to be tracked, but, like the one in latest event, are big enough to threaten human spaceflight and robotic missions and they exist in the near-Earth space environment.

As both the debris and spacecraft travel at extremely high speeds (approximately 15,700 mph in low Earth orbit), an impact of even a tiny piece of orbital debris with a spacecraft or satellite could cause devastation. 

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Tread lightly! Bizarre 'eggshell planets' with an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography may exist around other stars, study finds

Tread lightly! Bizarre 'eggshell planets' with an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography may exist around other stars, study finds

  • 'Rare' exoplanets have brittle outer layers only a few miles thick, scientists claim
  • Their surface could resemble the lowlands on Venus, with vast expanses of lavas 
  • They're likely larger and younger than other planets with thicker outer layers

'Eggshell planets' with an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography may orbit around other stars in the universe, a new study reveals. 

Researchers say at least three of these unusual eggshell 'exoplanets' – planets outside our solar system – may already be known, but even more could exist.  

Such rare worlds likely have an outer layer only a few miles thick, are unlikely to have plate tectonics, and may or may not be habitable. 

They're also likely larger and younger than other exoplanets with much thicker outer layers, with which they potentially share the same solar system.  

The surface of eggshell planets could resemble the lowlands on Venus, with vast expanses of lavas, searingly hot surface temperatures and hardly any high terrain.  

'Eggshell planets’ are rocky worlds that have an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography. Pictured is an artist’s rendering of such an exoplanet

'Eggshell planets’ are rocky worlds that have an ultra-thin outer brittle layer and little to no topography. Pictured is an artist’s rendering of such an exoplanet

Strange planets with outer layers like eggshells are among the rich variety of exoplanets possible, according to the study

Strange planets with outer layers like eggshells are among the rich variety of exoplanets possible, according to the study 

HOW MANY EXOPLANETS ARE THERE? 

An exoplanet is any planet beyond our solar system. Most orbit other stars, but free-floating exoplanets, called rogue planets, orbit the galactic center and are untethered to any star. 

Some 4,374 exoplanets have been confirmed in 3,234 systems since the first exoplanet discoveries in the early 1990s.

The majority of these exoplanets are gaseous, like Jupiter or Neptune, rather than terrestrial, according to NASA's online database. 

The closest exoplanet is called Proxima Centauri b, around 4.2 light years away from our Sun. 

However, it's difficult to know what exactly exoplanets are made of, or whether any resemble Earth.  

The new study was led by Paul Byrne, a planetary geologist at Washington University in St. Louis.

Byrne and his international team of collaborators wanted to see which cosmic factors play the most important role in determining the thickness of a planet's outer brittle layer, known as the lithosphere.

This thickness helps determine whether, for example, a planet can support high topography such as mountains, or has the right balance between rigidity and flexibility for one part to subduct beneath another – the hallmark of plate tectonics. 

On Earth, this process helps our planet regulate its temperature over geological timescales, and is the reason why plate tectonics is thought to be a key factor for whether a planet is habitable or not.

'Understanding whether you've got the possibility of plate tectonics is a really important thing to know about a world, because plate tectonics may be required for a large rocky planet to be habitable,' Professor Byrne said. 

'It's therefore especially important when we're talking about looking for Earth-like worlds around other stars and when we're characterising planetary habitability generally.'

So far, astronomers have discovered more than 4,000 of exoplanets confirmed to be orbiting other stars in our galaxy.

However, it's difficult to know what exactly exoplanets are made of, or whether any resemble Earth. 

The thickness of the lithosphere – the outermost shell of a planet – plays a key role in geological processes that determine their characteristics, the team say.  

The surface of eggshell planets could resemble the lowlands on Venus (pictured here in a false-colour radar image mosaic). The brighter, fine peach lines are tectonic structures and the darker, purple areas are relatively smooth volcanic plains. Some small volcanoes appear near the bottom centre. This image was made with radar data returned by NASA’s Magellan mission, which operated between 1990 and 1994, and shows an area about 1,400 km (870 miles) across

The surface of eggshell planets could resemble the lowlands on Venus (pictured here in a false-colour radar image mosaic). The brighter, fine peach lines are tectonic structures and the darker, purple areas are relatively smooth volcanic plains. Some small volcanoes appear near the bottom centre. This image was made with radar data returned by NASA’s Magellan mission, which operated between 1990 and 1994, and shows an area about 1,400 km (870 miles) across

EXOPLANETS HAVE 'EXOTIC' ROCKS THAT CAN'T BE FOUND IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM 

Rocky planets outside our solar system, known as exoplanets, are composed of 'exotic' rock types that don't even exist in our planetary system, a study shows. 

Researchers used telescope data to analyse white dwarfs – former stars that were once gave life just like our Sun – in an attempt to discover secrets of their former surrounding planets.  

The experts found that some exoplanets have rock types that don't exist, or just can't be found, on planets in our solar system.

These rock types are so 'strange' that the authors have had to create new names for them – including 'quartz pyroxenites' and 'periclase dunites'. 

Read more: Exoplanets have 'exotic' rocks that can't be found in our solar system 

To understand how planetary and stellar factors influence a lithosphere's thickness generally, the team modelled multiple combinations of planetary mass, surface and mantle temperature, energy flow and more. 

For their modelling effort, the scientists chose a generic 'kind of Earth sized' rocky planet as a starting point.  

'And then we spun the dials,' Byrne said. 'We literally ran thousands of models.' 

According to the results, surface temperature is the dominant factor governing the thickness of the brittle layer although planetary mass, distance to its star and even a planet's age all play a role.

Smaller and older planets generally have thick brittle lithospheres, akin to those of Mercury and Mars, whereas larger, younger planets have thinner brittle lithospheres that may be comparable to the Venus lowlands. 

However, it's possible that certain combinations of these parameters also yield worlds with 'exceedingly thin brittle layers', the team say. 

Researchers are a long way from directly imaging the surfaces of these eggshell planets and so don't know what they look like, apart from speculating that they're similar to that of Venus. 

'We have imaged a few exoplanets, but they are splotches of light orbiting a star,' Byrne said. 'We have no technical ability to actually see the surface of exoplanets yet. 

The scientists could use planned and future space telescopes to examine exoplanets in greater detail and confirm their geological characteristics. 

So far, astronomers have discovered more than 4,000 of exoplanets confirmed to be orbiting other stars in our galaxy. Pictured is an artist's rendering of an exoplanet and its moon

So far, astronomers have discovered more than 4,000 of exoplanets confirmed to be orbiting other stars in our galaxy. Pictured is an artist's rendering of an exoplanet and its moon 

'We know from published work that there are exoplanets that experience conditions in a more extreme way than what we see in our solar system,' Byrne said. 

'They might be closer to their star, or they might be much larger, or have hotter surfaces, than the planets we see in our own system.'

'Ultimately we want to help contribute to identifying the properties that make a world habitable.

'And not just temporarily, but habitable for a long time, because we think life probably needs a while to get going and become sustainable.' 

The study has been published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 

Scientists study the atmosphere of distant exoplanets using enormous space satellites like Hubble

Distant stars and their orbiting planets often have conditions unlike anything we see in our atmosphere. 

To understand these new world's, and what they are made of, scientists need to be able to detect what their atmospheres consist of.  

They often do this by using a telescope similar to Nasa's Hubble Telescope.

These enormous satellites scan the sky and lock on to exoplanets that Nasa think may be of interest. 

Here, the sensors on board perform different forms of analysis. 

One of the most important and useful is called absorption spectroscopy. 

This form of analysis measures the light that is coming out of a planet's atmosphere. 

Every gas absorbs a slightly different wavelength of light, and when this happens a black line appears on a complete spectrum. 

These lines correspond to a very specific molecule, which indicates it's presence on the planet. 

They are often called Fraunhofer lines after the German astronomer and physicist that first discovered them in 1814.

By combining all the different wavelengths of lights, scientists can determine all the chemicals that make up the atmosphere of a planet. 

The key is that what is missing, provides the clues to find out what is present.  

It is vitally important that this is done by space telescopes, as the atmosphere of Earth would then interfere. 

Absorption from chemicals in our atmosphere would skew the sample, which is why it is important to study the light before it has had chance to reach Earth. 

This is often used to look for helium, sodium and even oxygen in alien atmospheres.  

This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium 

This diagram shows how light passing from a star and through the atmosphere of an exoplanet produces Fraunhofer lines indicating the presence of key compounds such as sodium or helium 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

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Mysterious “Eggshell” Exoplanets May Be Earth’s Thin-Skinned Cousins

diy-3273205_1920-e1636994324547-999x540.jpg

Mysterious “Eggshell” Exoplanets May Be Earth’s Thin-Skinned Cousins

As telescopes get stronger and detection techniques get more sophisticated, especially with the assistance of artificial intelligence, astronomers are finding more exoplanets every day – including the first to be seen orbiting a star in another galaxy. However, contrary to other fields, it seems the more exoplanets we find, the less we know about them. Astronomers assumed other stars would have planets like those in our own solar system – especially the rocky ones with thick outer layers. Instead, a new study shows that many should be called “eggshell” exoplanets because their outer layers are so thin and brittle. Will future astronauts need to practice walking on eggshells?

“Understanding whether you’ve got the possibility of plate tectonics is a really important thing to know about a world, because plate tectonics may be required for a large rocky planet to be habitable. It’s therefore especially important when we’re talking about looking for Earth-like worlds around other stars and when we’re characterizing planetary habitability generally.”

Botched landing on an eggshell planet?

Planetary geologist Paul Byrne, an associate professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis, is the first author of the study, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, led the development of the model used to prove the existence of these so-called “eggshell” planets. As he explains in the press release, Byrne and his collaborators focused on the outer layer – called the lithosphere – of exoplanets to determine their topography (do they have mountains?), thickness (can they be excavated?), temperature (are they habitable) and other features not visible to telescopes.

“This thickness helps determine whether, for example, a planet can support high topography such as mountains, or has the right balance between rigidity and flexibility for one part of the surface to dive down, or subduct, beneath another — the hallmark of plate tectonics. It is this process that helps Earth regulate its temperature over geological timescales, and the reason why plate tectonics is thought to be an important component of planetary habitability. By adjusting an exoplanet’s size, distance from its star, age and other factors, the researchers found that extremes created unusual planets … including three predicted to have eggshell-like lithospheres.”

They discovered the biggest factor in creating eggshells is surface temperature. (Isn’t that the same with chicken eggs?) Manipulating size, age and distance from their star had less effect in creating these brittle eggshell layers which Byrne says may be only a few kilometers thick. The only planet in our solar system with a similar topography is Venus, although it may not be eggshell thin across its entire surface.

Eggshell planets solar system model?

“Ultimately we want to help contribute to identifying the properties that make a world habitable. And not just temporarily, but habitable for a long time, because we think life probably needs a while to get going and become sustainable.”

Are eggshell planets habitable? Byrne isn’t sure – his goal is to figure out how Earth formed and then search for stars and exoplanets with similar circumstances or histories.

Is he looking for a new place to live? Does he knows something we don’t? Now WE’RE walking on eggshells.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

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Geschreven door peter om 00:21 Stuur door

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