The FBI file contained never-before-seen memos and witness reports connected to UAPs

(Apostoli Rossella/Getty)

'Alien' message to the world uncovered in newly released UFO records

 Rebekah Jordan

An 'alien' message to the world has been uncovered in newly released UFO records.

The anticipation surrounding any official acknowledgement of extraterrestrial life has been building for years. President Donald Trump promised to address the question of alien life when the 'time is right,' yet one US congressman claims that contact has already been made.

Meanwhile, Stephen Hawking's theory has surfaced on social media that if intelligent life does exist out there, humanity might be better off hoping it never finds us. In other words, things sometimes stay hidden for a reason.

Now, the Trump administration's latest UFO disclosure release has revealed something pretty chilling.

The release was published on Friday and included never-before-seen memos, witness reports, photographs and videos connected to unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs).

Among them was a memo dated January 12, 1955, originating from the Detroit Flying Saucer Club, one of the earliest UFO organisations in the US.

Club member Randall Cox told FBI agents that the group had been in contact with 'outer space people', and that those beings had delivered a series of warnings about humanity's place in the universe, the document read.

According to the FBI memo, the beings stated that all planets had conquered outer space except Earth and that humans were the ‘lowest form of universal existence.’

A further message stated that the purpose of contact with Earth at that time was simply to prepare people for future landings from outer space.

Featured Image Credit: Apostoli Rossella/Getty

{ https://www.uniladtech.com/ }

Breaking the Silence: UFO Disclosure and its Global Impact

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{ https://alienatedmedia.com/ }

by Samantha Martin, University of York

A view of DK-G South, facing north-west, from December 2023, highlighting the complexity of the standing architecture at Mohenjo-daro. Credit: Adam S. Green/Antiquity (2026). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2026.10359

For decades, historians have generally agreed that the progress of small villages as they evolved into cities came at the price of widening inequality. A small group of leaders, kings and priests, would inevitably seize control of the wealth and the gap between rich and poor would grow.

But a new study at the University of York delves into the archaeology of the 4,000-year-old Mohenjo-daro, the Indus civilization's largest city, and shows the opposite was true. By analyzing house sizes across the ancient city, researchers found that Mohenjo-daro was not only more equal than its neighbors in Mesopotamia and Greece, but it actually became more egalitarian over time.

Entirely different

The lead author, Dr. Adam Green from the University of York's Department of Archaeology and Department of Environment and Geography, said, "Legacy data from the ancient city shows that as the city matured, the gap between the largest and smallest homes narrowed. In fact, by its later years, the wealth gap in this massive urban center had dropped to levels typical of the first farming villages.

"While ancient Egyptians were building pyramids for god-kings, and the Greeks were constructing massive palaces at Knossos, the people of the Indus were building something entirely different.

"Instead of gold-filled tombs and huge temples, Mohenjo-daro focused on sophisticated brick-lined drains and organized street layouts. Instead of allowing the perks of society to accumulate with a tiny elite, the city's amenities were widely distributed among the everyday households."

Credit: Antiquity (2026). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2026.10359

Indus seals

This was particularly true with regard to the distribution of the famous Indus seals, which were tools of business and trade. Indus seals were typically found in ordinary homes and not in public buildings, with no palaces to monopolize these tools of government.

It was evident that rather than a single ruler hoarding resources, the city's inhabitants worked together to ensure fair access to a good standard of life.

Investment in very practical things, like drainage and street maintenance, was also a sign of working collectively for the public good. The use of a standardized system of weights and measures across the region ensured that exchange remained fair for all citizens.

Mohenjo-daro and its excavation areas. Credit: Antiquity (2026). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2026.10359

Rising productivity

The findings, published in the journal Antiquity, challenge the modern assumption that rising inequality is an unavoidable side effect of economic growth. Mohenjo-daro, the researchers say, stands as proof that a society can be technologically advanced and highly productive while also ensuring its prosperity is shared by the many, rather than the few.

Dr. Green said, "Mohenjo-daro is often cited as being famous for what it doesn't have, such as the absence of palaces for kings, gold-filled tombs, and no statues of rulers. But what it does have is so important.

"In the period when inequality appears to be lowest, productivity appears to rise. It challenges the idea that prosperity requires us to concentrate decision-making powers in the hands of the few.

"It is quite an interesting lesson for modern societies, as the Indus civilization demonstrates clearly that an urban society can be highly productive and inventive at scale, while also ensuring that resources and power are shared equitably. In fact, doing so may even have been essential to sustaining prosperity over the centuries."

Publication details

• Adam S. Green et al, Inequality declined in the Bronze Age city of Mohenjo-daro, Antiquity (2026). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2026.10359

• Journal information: Antiquity 

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{ https://phys.org/earth-news/ }

Earth’s oceans ruled by aliens? Former US Admiral’s explosive claims sparks UFO debate

'We are being visited and surveillance by a higher order of intelligence,' Tim Gallaudet says

By Aqsa Qaddus Tahir

Earth’s oceans ruled by aliens? Former US Admiral’s explosive claims sparks UFO debate

The existence of aliens is no longer confined to extra-terrestrial space. Now non-human intelligence rules Earth’s oceans, as claimed by a former US Navy Admiral.

The video showed a fast-going object appearing little more than a white dash on the aircraft screen.

According to Gallaudet, the object was something different because the speed at which it was moving went against the laws of Physics.

“So far, we have not built anything that can go that fast in the water and does not change speed from water to air. Many have had super-fast acceleration and made right-angle turns. We have not yet been able to engineer vehicles that can do that,” Gallaudet explained.

Gallaudet also convinced that these crafts are impossible to be operated by humans. These are only controlled by high-order intelligence and do not belong to a natural world.

“They may come from Earth, but I don’t believe they belong to the plant and animal kingdoms as we know them,” Gallaudet told Popular Mechanics.

This is not the first time, Ex-US Navy Admiral has dropped such explosive claims. Earlier this month, ex-Oceanographer of the Navy with 32 years of service, issued a stark warning, stating, “We are being visited and surveillance by a higher order of intelligence, one we do not understand and whose intentions remain completely unknown.”

“It’s happening very frequently, in our airspace and in our waters,” he added.

He also linked unidentified submersible objects to aerial sightings and has testified before Congress in 2024 and 2026 for greater transparency on military sensor data.

{ https://www.thenews.com.pk/ }

Ex-CIA expert claims there are 4 types of aliens recovered from UFOs including Reptilians

Former Pentagon-linked advisers Dr Hal Puthoff and Eric Davis have revived claims that US “crash recovery” programmes retrieved craft and 'at least four' alien species

BY Andréa Oldereide - Senior Reporter

These are the alleged four alien species

A former CIA boffin has claimed that US agents investigating recovered UFO craft have identified four different types of alien species. In a new episode of the Diary of a CEO podcast, Dr. Hal Puthoff, a former CIA-funded researcher and Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications Program (AAWSAP) advisor said he had been told by “high-level sources” involved in such programmes that there are “at least four” distinct alien species linked to recovered craft.

When talking on the 'Diary of a CEO' podcast alongside Age of Disclosure director Dan Farrah, the former CIA researcher was asked for details on what aliens had been found.

“Four separate types,” he said.

Representation of a Grey, a Nordic, a Reptilian, and an Insectoids

He added: “Now I have not had direct access to that, but I believe the people I talked to, four separate types of life at least.” The “four types” described have been attributed publicly to Dr Davis, a longtime collaborator of Puthoff, Brobible reported.

At a 2025 UAP Disclosure Fund conference, Davis reportedly categorised the alleged beings as “Grays”; small, hairless figures with large eyes, “Nordics”; said to be human-sized and resembling Northern Europeans, “Insectoids”; described as tall, mantis-like humanoids, and “Reptilians”; portrayed as humanoid figures with scaly skin and tails.

Puthoff also claimed there has been a longstanding culture of secrecy around the subject.

Dr. Hal Puthoff

(Image: YOUTUBE)

This reportedly includes what he characterised as a CIA strategy of spreading disinformation designed to deter serious public interest in UFOs.

Separately, Davis has for several years asserted that he has examined “off-world” wreckage and biological material from craft he says “we couldn’t make ourselves”.

On the podcast, Dr. Puthoff also alleged there had been a “CIA meeting where people got together and said, ‘Okay, in order to not have people be pursuing this area, let’s go out of our way to spread what we would call now disinformation.'”

Chaos

The alien claims remain anecdotal and unverified in public. Neither Dr. Puthoff or Davis have produced physical evidence, such as photographs, independently testable materials, or biological samples, to support the specific classifications being discussed.

Furthermore, Puthoff’s comments were explicitly presented as secondhand information based on conversations rather than direct access.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/latest/alien-1 }

This image captured during NASA’s Apollo 17 moon mission in December 1972 contains three “dots” in a triangular formation in the lower right quadrant of the lunar sky that is clearly visible upon magnification of the image.   (Image credit: NASA/DoD)

Earlier this month, the U.S. Department of Defense released what it termed "new, never-before-seen files" on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP), tagging it as a historic effort in transparency.

The UAP release came courtesy of the Trump administration's Presidential Unsealing and Reporting System for UAP Encounters, or PURSUE for short.

The posting involves 158 files — documents, photos and videos from NASA, the FBI, Defense Department, and State Department. Additional files are forthcoming, to be issued by the Department of Defense (DoD) "on a rolling basis." In a press statement, DoD Secretary Pete Hegseth remarked that his department is in lockstep with President Trump to bring unparalleled transparency regarding the government's understanding of UAP.

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"These files, hidden behind classifications, have long fueled justified speculation — and it's time the American people see it for themselves," Hegseth said.

But just what are we seeing here? Space.com reached out to specialists to unravel what's behind sightings of UAP — or, as they used to be known, unidentified flying objects (UFOs).

'A useful beginning'

For some, there is a "so what" — maybe a ho-hum — reaction to the UAP data release. Those familiar with UFO records, documents, or even astronaut sightings note that almost all of the "never-before-seen" files have long been known.

"I would view this first tranche as a useful beginning in what I hope becomes regular releases of documents not previously available, well documented sighting investigations and videos that aren't stripped of all necessary information," said Mark Rodeghier, president and scientific director of the J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies.

Many of the FBI and other government files were already available, Rodeghier said, but fewer redactions and centralized access are still valuable.

"They allow researchers to check details more carefully and better reconstruct how official agencies received, evaluated and sometimes simply filed away UFO reports," Rodeghier added.

"Short videos and unresolved case summaries can be intriguing, but without the supporting metadata, investigative history and analysis, they are hard to evaluate," he said. "The real test will be whether future tranches provide complete case files, not just provocative fragments. True transparency means context, not just clips."

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Similar in view is Robert Powell, an executive board member of the Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies.

"Recent government UAP disclosures have been valuable. They have confirmed that the public and the media regard this phenomenon as a matter of genuine importance," Powell said.

"But redacted files and the absence of credible scientific evaluation are not answers. They are a mandate," said Powell. "Academia and the scientific community can no longer afford to leave this field to institutions that operate in secrecy. The science of UAP must be conducted in the open, by those whose obligation is to the scientific evidence," he said.

More questions than answers

Also taking on "does it matter and who cares" is Alejandro Rojas, a consultant for Enigma Labs, a group appraising UAP via the use of cutting-edge technology and social intelligence.

"The UAP transparency movement didn't start with this administration," said Rojas. "It's been building in Congress for several years, driven by bipartisan oversight and persistent public pressure. What we're seeing now is the continuation of that effort, not the origin of it," he said.

As for the recent DoD release, "it feels somewhat unfinished," Rojas said. "There are many cases with minimal context, missing sensor data, and little accompanying analysis, as if the priority was getting something out the door rather than something useful."

But imperfect data released publicly, Rojas added, is still more valuable than perfect data sitting in a vault. "Even a messy dataset reveals patterns over time, and every case added to the public record is one more data point researchers and citizens can work with. The question is what comes next, because this release raises more questions than it answers," he said.

Missing: context and data

On the lack of context and data, Rojas said that, for any meaningful scientific analysis, you need more than a grainy infrared clip and a one-paragraph summary.

"These reports are largely missing the basics — coordinates, sensor parameters, altitude, speed confirmation. Many cases appear to have been flagged as UAP simply because there wasn't enough data to identify them, rather than because they exhibited genuinely anomalous behavior," said Rojas.

"That's not a criticism of the release," he added, "it's just the reality of what we're working with. Real analysis requires real data, and hopefully future releases include more of it."

Enigma Labs has built a website offering anyone  — researchers, journalists, curious members of the public  — the opportunity to search and explore these files as they come out, rather than hunting through a government portal.

"We're also collecting public sighting reports and giving people a community to discuss and analyze what's being released," Rojas added. "The goal is to make this process as open and accessible as possible, because transparency only works if people can actually find and use the information."

Real and inexplicable phenomena

For the first time in history, the White House and a number of government agencies "have acknowledged that there is a real and inexplicable phenomena occurring on a global basis that demands attention," said Michael Gold, president of Redwire Space, a space and defense company focused on advanced technologies.

Gold has experience delving into uncanny oddness in the skies. He served on NASA's UAP Independent Study Team that ran from 2022 to 2023. He said he's particularly grateful that the DoD (which the Trump administration has unofficially rebranded the Department of War) and NASA acknowledged that the object in the Apollo 17 imagery was real and unknown.

"The most powerful words in science are 'I don't know,' and I appreciate NASA and the Department of War being modest enough to acknowledge when a good explanation doesn't currently exist," said Gold. "Acknowledging anomalies is the first step to discovery, and is how scientific progress is made."

Gold emphasized that it's important to acknowledge the unprecedented nature of the White House's treatment of UAP. "I would like to compare the White House release to similar actions by prior administrations, but I can't, since there are none," he said.

The Trump administration and the agencies involved, Gold said, "should be applauded for supporting transparency despite what I'm certain were incredible and historic challenges to not just releasing information, but even just treating the UAP issue with the seriousness that it deserves."

Beginning, not an ending

In his 2024 testimony before Congress, Gold urged NASA to conduct a review of its archives for UAP.

"Another recommendation I made to Congress and supported by the NASA UAP Independent Study Team was for UAP to be added to NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System [ASRS]," said Gold.

ASRS provides the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration with confidential data relative to safety anomalies. ASRS has provided the federal government with hundreds of thousands of confidential reports and has successfully operated for years, Gold said.

If UAP were added to the anomalies that ASRS collects, Gold said, every commercial pilot, crew member, and even passengers could act as sensors for UAP, providing a treasure trove of data.

"I hope that more files will be released soon that will show even more definitively anomalous behavior," Gold concluded. "I expect we are at the beginning, not an ending, of a very important moment in the history of science."

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{ https://www.space.com/space-exploration }

Earth's sinking cities: Study reveals the urban areas plummeting toward sea level – leaving millions of residents at risk of being plunged underwater

• READ MORE:2026 on track for 'extraordinary extreme weather'

By WILIAM HUNTER, SENIOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY REPORTER

Rising sea levels are already putting millions at risk of flooding – but a study now warns that land subsidence is making the danger even greater.

Earth's sinking cities are slipping towards sea level at an alarming rate, experts from the Technical University of Munich have warned.

A study showed that subsidence more than doubles the rate of sea level rise for some areas of the coastline.

To make matters worse, researchers say that this affects the largest and most densely populated cities more than anywhere else.

Between rising seas and sinking land, heavily urbanised areas of coast experience a relative sea level increase of about 6mm per year on average.

That is three times more than the global average for relative sea level rise, which stands at 2.1mm per year.

Likewise, land subsidence roughly doubles the absolute sea–level rise of 3.15mm per year, which measures the actual increase in volume and height of the ocean.

Lead researcher Dr Julius Oelsmann, of Technical University of Munich, says that this can 'significantly amplify the effects of climate–driven sea–level rise'.

Scientists have found that land subsidence is doubling the rate at which the water level rises in some of the world's biggest cities, putting millions at risk of flooding. Pictured: Rate of uplift (red) and subsidence (blue) in coastal areas 

Jakarta is the world's fastest–sinking city, subsiding at a rate of 13.7mm per year. This puts the megacity's 42 million residents in extreme danger of flooding. Pictured: Flooding in Jakarta following heavy rain in 2024

As the climate gets hotter, melting glaciers and the expansion of warming water are gradually raising the level of the world's oceans.

However, Dr Oelsmann and his co–authors warn that the surface of the sea only tells half the story.

'If we want to understand sea–level rise along coastlines and respond effectively, we must not only observe the ocean but also the land itself,' Dr Oelsmann says.

This is because a mixture of human activity and natural forces is combining to sink some of the world's biggest cities into the ocean.

The biggest factors driving this subsidence are excessive groundwater and oil extraction, which remove underground resources that previously stabilised the surface.

Dr Oelsmann points out that the 'sheer weight of cities' is also driving urban areas below sea level.

As cities grow larger and taller, heavier buildings are constructed, which compacts the ground beneath and slowly sinks the city relative to its surroundings.

Combined with climate–change–driven sea level increase, urban areas are seeing the waterline rise a lot faster than the rest of the world.

In the UK, the US, and Europe, areas of the coastline are sinking into the sea due to land subsidence. This is leading to a significantly faster rate of relative sea level increase 

Earth's sinking cities 

Prominent subsidence hot spots include:

• Jakarta (–13.7 mm/year)
• Tianjin (–13.5 mm/year)
• Bangkok (–8.5 mm/year)
• Lagos (–6.7 mm/year)
• Alexandria (–4 mm/year)

Countries where relative sea levels are rising the fastest include Thailand, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, China, and Indonesia, where the ocean is getting seven to 10 millimetres higher each year.

The US, the Netherlands, and Italy also experience exceptionally rapid increases, with relative sea levels rising by around four to 5mm per year.

Due to the strong influence of city size, many countries also featured intense 'hot spots' of subsidence.

The 42 million residents of Jakarta, Indonesia, the world's most populous city, are in particular peril as the megacity slips towards the ocean at a rate of 13.7mm per year.

This is closely followed by Tianjin, China, home to 13.8 million people, which is seeing 13.5mm of subsidence per year.

Similarly, Bangkok, Lagos, and Alexandria are all experiencing well above average rates of subsidence with 8.5, 6.7, and 4mm per year, respectively.

Even within cities, the different rates of subsidence meant that one neighbourhood might be falling towards the ocean while others rise out of it.

In Jakarta, for example, some parts of the city are sinking at a staggering 42mm per year, while other regions actually see uplift.

Densely populated urban coastal regions are experiencing around 6mm of relative sea level increase per year (red regions)

This means that millions of people in some of the world's biggest cities are being put at risk of severe flooding.

Even if their homes don't fall completely below sea level, every millimetre of relative sea level increase creates a bigger risk that storms or extreme weather will lead to severe floods.

This is especially concerning for Jakarta, where about 40 per cent of the city is below sea level.

Studies estimate that nearly half of the city could be inundated and uninhabitable by 2050 if sea levels continue to rise at the current rate.

These dense, urban regions stand in stark contrast to Scandinavia, where natural geological processes are gradually lifting the land out of the sea.

During the last Ice Age, these northern latitudes were weighed down with vast ice sheets that pushed the land into the ocean, much like coast megacities do today.

As these ice sheets have retreated, that weight was removed, and the land masses are still 'rebounding' towards a stable position.

That means, even as absolute sea levels increase, the relative sea level in Finland and Sweden is actually getting lower each year.

Unfortunately for the rest of the world, there are no geological processes to pull cities back out of the water.

However, the researchers point out that proper city planning can dramatically slow the rate of subsidence.

Co–author Professor Florian Seitz, of the Technical University of Munich, says: 'In many large coastal cities, groundwater extraction is a major driver of land subsidence.

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'This means that local political and water–management decisions can make a significant difference.'

In Tokyo, Japan, for example, subsidence rates once exceeded 10cm per year, reaching peaks of 24cm per year in the worst areas.

However, through government intervention and the introduction of new water sources, those rates were dramatically reduced.

'Improved groundwater management, stricter regulation of withdrawals, or targeted recharge of aquifers can at least slow subsidence rates and, in some cases, largely halt them,' says Professor Seitz.

SEA LEVELS COULD RISE BY UP TO 4 FEET BY THE YEAR 2300

Global sea levels could rise as much as 1.2 metres (4 feet) by 2300 even if we meet the 2015 Paris climate goals, scientists have warned.

The long-term change will be driven by a thaw of ice from Greenland to Antarctica that is set to re-draw global coastlines.

Sea level rise threatens cities from Shanghai to London, to low-lying swathes of Florida or Bangladesh, and to entire nations such as the Maldives.

It is vital that we curb emissions as soon as possible to avoid an even greater rise, a German-led team of researchers said in a new report.

By 2300, the report projected that sea levels would gain by 0.7-1.2 metres, even if almost 200 nations fully meet goals under the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Targets set by the accords include cutting greenhouse gas emissions to net zero in the second half of this century.

Ocean levels will rise inexorably because heat-trapping industrial gases already emitted will linger in the atmosphere, melting more ice, it said.

In addition, water naturally expands as it warms above four degrees Celsius (39.2°F).

Every five years of delay beyond 2020 in peaking global emissions would mean an extra 8 inches (20 centimetres) of sea level rise by 2300.

'Sea level is often communicated as a really slow process that you can't do much about ... but the next 30 years really matter,' said lead author Dr Matthias Mengel, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, in Potsdam, Germany.

None of the nearly 200 governments to sign the Paris Accords are on track to meet its pledges.

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{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

Scientists have managed to hatch live chicks from a fully artificial egg – marking a de–extinction breakthrough that paves the way for resurrecting long–dead species.

Experts at Colossal Biosciences, the company planning to bring back the woolly mammoth, have created the first ever shell–less incubation system that mirrors a natural egg 'as much as possible'.

The team were able to take early bird embryos, place them into an artificial shell and incubate them for 18 days while they developed.

Once the chicks were ready, they hatched from their cosy home and are now living happy, healthy lives.

The company said the development marks a critical milestone for their plans to de–extinct the South Island giant moa – an enormous bird that stood at 11.8ft (3.6 metres) tall and weighed 507lbs (230kg).

It also provides a 'stepping stone' for the eventual development of an artificial womb.

Colossal Biosciences said: 'This device changes everything. We're showing the world that we can grow this whole bird in an incubator outside of an eggshell.

'It's a complete game–changer. Life finds a way.'

Experts have created the first ever shell–less incubation system that mirrors a natural egg 'as much as possible'

The artificial egg features a 'window' on the top, allowing for real–time visibility into every stage of embryonic development

The artificial egg device consists of a 3D–printed strong outer shell structured like a lattice to provide protection and rigidity.

Within this layer is a silicone–based membrane that allows oxygen to diffuse into the system.

Over the last 40 years there have been several attempts to create artificial eggs, but they required supplementation with large volumes of pure oxygen which caused DNA damage and impacted long–term animal health.

The permeable membrane of this new design allows oxygen to naturally transfer from the atmosphere into the egg.

This mirrors the real–life process of oxygen entering eggshells through microscopic pores.

'How do we replicate nature but also improve upon it?' Colossal said. 'This is the first time the core engineering problem of artificial eggs has been solved.'

The artificial egg also features a 'window' on the top, allowing for real–time visibility into every stage of embryonic development.

Colossal said its device is compatible with standard commercial incubators, is manufacturable at scale and is adaptable to eggs at any size.

One of the chicks emerging from its artificial egg. Colossal said it marks a de–extinction breakthrough that paves the way for resurrecting long–dead species

Once the chicks were ready, they hatched from their cosy home and are now living happy, healthy lives

To begin the process, experts collected real chicken eggs right after they had been laid.

An embryology team thoroughly examined each egg and selected the embryos that looked most likely to hatch.

They then cracked the egg open very gently and transferred the contents into the artificial egg, which was then placed in an incubator.

Scientists 'sprinkled' in a nutrient that helped the embryo continue to develop. Roughly 18 days later the chick started tapping against the egg to indicate it was ready to hatch.

After hatching, all chicks were put in groups and eventually moved to a 'graduation pen' outside before being relocated to a large farm.

Colossal said its design could also benefit endangered animals at a time when more than half of bird species are in decline.

'Imagine a future where we have hundreds or thousands of eggs in laboratories growing critically endangered species,' it said.

'These are the stepping stones that an artificial womb will be built on.'

The device consists of a 3D–printed strong outer shell structured like a lattice to provide protection and rigidity

Colossal said its device is compatible with standard commercial incubators, is manufacturable at scale and is adaptable to eggs at any size

The company said its plan to bring back the South Island giant moa has presented an incubation challenge unlike any other species in their portfolio.

Moa eggs are estimated to have been approximately 80 times the volume of a chicken egg and roughly eight times the volume of an emu egg, placing them entirely beyond the capacity of any available avian surrogate.

No living bird is large enough to serve as a host. A size–scaled artificial egg, therefore, is critical for the de–extinction of this species.

Colossal Biosciences will use genes extracted from moa bones to engineer modern birds until they very closely resemble the extinct species, which disappeared from New Zealand roughly 500 to 600 years ago.

This is the same technique that was used to transform grey wolves into animals closely resembling dire wolves.

The edited embryos will then be placed into an artificial egg to develop and eventually hatch.

'We've created a novel shell–less culture system that is fully scalable and biologically accurate,' said Professor Andrew Pask, chief biology officer at Colossal. 'It's a new system designed for long–term, healthy avian embryo development.

'The genome is the blueprint, but without a place to build, it's meaningless. The artificial egg gives us that platform: controlled, scalable, and completely independent of a surrogate.'

The company said the development marks a critical milestone for their plans to de–extinct New Zealand's South Island giant moa – an enormous bird that stood at 3.6 metres (11.8ft) tall and weighed 230kg (507lbs)

The moa went extinct in the 15th century due to hunting and forest clearing by the first Māori settlers. Colossal Biosciences said restoring this megafauna species will help restore New Zealand's ecosystem 

Some outside experts have cautioned that there is no published scientific paper along the announcement, which limits scientific scrutiny. However, others hailed the advance as an 'impressive act of bioengineering'.

Carles Lalueza–Fox, director of the Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona and a specialist in DNA recovery techniques, said: 'Colossal has succeeded in developing an artificial egg, something for which there are no comparable precedents.

'The most significant breakthrough lies in the permeability of the membrane, which allows gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) to pass through.'

Alongside the moa, he said the device could be used to de–extinct other birds such as the Carolina parakeet.

Dusko Ilic, Professor of Stem Cell Sciences at King's College London, said: 'Recreating an extinct species such as the moa would require far more than an incubation platform, including accurate genome reconstruction, appropriate development, physiology, behaviour, welfare and ecological context.

'Even then, the result would likely be an engineered proxy rather than a true restoration of the extinct species.

'The most credible translational value may therefore lie in applications such as embryo rescue, endangered bird conservation and controlled generation of genome–edited avian lines, particularly if it proves reproducible, scalable and compatible with normal long–term health, rather than in de–extinction itself.'

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An unusual post, shared by US President Donald Trump on his social media account TruthSocial and reposted by Donald J Trump Posts TruthSocial , appeared to show an gray humanoid alien in handcuffs being escorted beside the President and his security personnel. No explanation was provided regarding the purpose or meaning of the AI-generated image. 

Many believe the post may be referencing the recent release of UFO-related files connected to the US Department of Defense, commonly known as the Pentagon UFO disclosures. 

One day the public is told that members of Congress have witnessed things during classified briefings that they cannot openly describe, and the next day the President is sharing an image of himself walking beside an alien figure. It blurs the line between entertainment, speculation, and a subject many people believe deserves serious attention. 

Like the Pentagon UFO files themselves, this AI-generated image does not represent true disclosure. To many observers, it feels more like political theater surrounding one of the biggest questions in human history. If there is genuine truth behind the UFO phenomenon, the public deserves transparency and seriousness rather than symbolism and viral spectacle. 

For decades, UFO sightings, encounters, and unexplained reports have often been mixed with media sensationalism, distraction campaigns, or psychological narratives. Some even speculate that imagery like this could be preparing the public for future narratives involving staged extraterrestrial scenarios or a so-called “fake alien invasion.” 

Those theories intensified further after another images posted on Trump’s Truth Social account appeared to depict a large-scale space conflict connected to the US “Space Force.” 

Such images are rarely posted without purpose, they often carry a deeper message, one we may soon begin to understand. 

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Fresh wave of UFO files to be released after Trump sparked chaos with alien picture

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

The second phase of the Trump Administration's UFO disclosure is underway, with officials saying the next batch of files is expected to be released 'very soon.'

Chief Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell announced Monday on X that the materials are currently 'actively being processed' for publication.

The first release, published on May 8, included never-before-seen photos, videos and government documents tied to unidentified anomalous phenomena, also known as UAPs.

Lawmakers previously noted that the initial disclosure was only the beginning, teasing that far more explosive material remained hidden from the public.

Tennessee Representative Tim Burchett, one of Congress’ most outspoken advocates for UFO transparency, fueled speculation after the May 8 release by claiming: 'The 1st drop will be big, but in comparison to what is coming, they will be a drop in the bucket.'

'I would say "Holy Crap" is coming,' Burchett added.

The latest update arrived just one day after President Donald Trump posted an AI-generated image of himself standing beside a handcuffed alien at a US military base, further intensifying online discussion surrounding the administration’s disclosure campaign.

The surreal image, shared on Trump’s Truth Social account, showed the president and his security detail escorting the extraterrestrial figure across the tarmac while armed military personnel looked on.

The President and bodyguards flank the handcuffed extraterrestrial at a US military base, in the image posted on Truth Social Sunday

News of the second release flooded social media, where one user said: 'Finally! The government's processing UFOs faster than my laptop processes a software update.

'Either we're getting disclosure or the world's longest episode of coming soon. Either way, grab your tinfoil hat, things are getting interesting.'

Others, however, are not sold on the notion that the files will be released soon.

One X use posted: 'The phrase "actively being processed" is classic government doublespeak, suggesting momentum while committing to absolutely nothing, keeping the UFO hype alive without releasing a single page. 

'It's the perfect way to acknowledge public curiosity without ever having to deliver, turning transparency into an endless process rather than an event.' 

READ MORE

EXCLUSIVE

• I'm a pastor who attended a secret UFO disclosure meeting. We saw images of 'translucent beings' that chilled me to the bone... the files could fulfil a dark biblical prophecy

Burchett also made similar statements in a video posted on Monday, suggesting the files could be withheld.

'The problem we have right now is that the Deep State's fighting a president on release. And he kept his word,' he told Morell Media.

'I suspect some of our not-so-friendly comrades in some alphabet agencies are slow-walking a lot of information. It's about power, it's about control. That's kind of what runs Washington.'

Above the horizon of the lunar surface, as viewed from the landing site of Apollo 12 in 1969, an area of interest points to unidentified phenomena. This image was released on May 8

A reported sighting of a UAP in Japan, resembling a football, from a 2024 US military video. This image was released on May 8

The release of the first batch was teased the evening of May 7 by Florida Representative Anna Paulina Luna, who posted cryptic messages suggesting it would happen the next day at 8am ET. 

The documents were made public months after the President ordered the Secretary of War, Pete Hegseth, to declassify government records related to UFOs and alleged extraterrestrial activity.

Among the most striking materials were images and transcripts linked to NASA's Apollo 12 and Apollo 17 missions. One photo taken from the lunar surface appears to show three unexplained dots hovering in the dark sky above the moon.

The disclosure also included FBI images from New Year's Eve 1999 that appear to show unidentified objects near US military aircraft, along with photographs captured by military pilots allegedly showing fast-moving objects streaking past planes mid-flight.

A bizarre glowing object resembling an 'eight-pointed star' streaking across the sky was among the most chilling videos released in Friday's bombshell UFO disclosure.

The eerie infrared footage, captured by US military personnel in 2013, appears to show something darting through the darkness with uneven, shape-shifting arms.

Interest surrounding the disclosures intensified after Luna, chair of the House Oversight Task Force on Declassification, previously said dozens of military UFO videos remained hidden from the public.

One image released in the first batch appeared to show a bright circular object within a military targeting reticle, although officials said the description should not be interpreted as confirmation of the object's nature or significance

Luna had requested the release of 46 classified UAP videos earlier this year, including footage allegedly captured near military bases, war zones and restricted airspace.

The Pentagon missed an April deadline to release the materials, later attributing the delay to what officials described as a clerical issue.

Officials have not confirmed whether the second phase will include additional videos, radar data, pilot testimony or classified intelligence assessments.

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Scientists are baffled by mysterious blue flashes coming from deep space that are 'unlike anything we have observed before'

• READ MORE: Scientists say dark matter created a wormhole IN the Milky Way 

By WILIAM HUNTER, SENIOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY REPORTER

For almost a decade, scientists have been baffled by a series of mysterious blue flashes emerging from deep space.

Since the first lit up astronomers' telescopes in 2018, only 14 of these strange pulses have been detected, making them some of the rarest astronomical events on record.

Known as Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients (LFBOTs), these lights burn faster and up to 100 times brighter than anything else scientists have seen.

Now, a group of scientists think their origin lies in the unlikely collision between a black hole and an ultra–hot sun.

LFBOTs come and go astonishingly fast, reaching their dazzling peak and fading into oblivion over days compared to the weeks or months of most stellar explosions.

Strangely, they also maintain their unique blue glow over the entire course of their brief display, which suggests they must be extremely hot the whole time.

Lead author of a new paper investigating these flashes, Dr Anya Nugent, from Harvard & Smithsonian, says this makes them 'unlike anything we have observed before'.

However, Dr Nugent now believes that LFBOTs' origins are just as violent, unusual, and unlikely as their spectacular effects.

Scientists have been baffled by mysterious blue flashes emerging from distant galaxies for almost a decade. Now, researchers say they could be caused by black holes hitting bright stars. Pictured: A blue flash coming from AT 2024wpp, a galaxy 1.1 billion light–years from Earth

In their pre–print paper, Dr Nugent and her co–authors examine the kinds of galaxies that the few confirmed blue flashes have been seen in.

By measuring the rates of star formation, mass, and levels of metallic elements in these galaxies, the researchers paint a picture of how LFBOTs might form.

This data suggests that they could be caused by ultra–dense objects like black holes or neutron stars colliding with an exceptionally bright sun called a Wolf–Rayet star.

Wolf–Rayet stars begin their lives as one part of a binary star system, in which two stellar giants orbit around a central point.

As these stars creep closer together, the larger of the two starts to feast on its neighbour's outer layers.

If they are just the right size, the 'donor' star's outer hydrogen layer is stripped away without destroying it completely, leaving the bright helium core known as a Wolf–Rayet star.

At the same time, the cannibal grows so fat on hydrogen stolen from the donor that it collapses under its own enormous bulk.

The star collapses inwards and detonates in a supernova explosion that leaves behind a stellar remnant, in the form of a black hole or neutron star.

Known as Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients (LFBOTs), these lights burn faster and up to 100 times brighter than anything else scientists have seen (artist's impression) 

Scientists now say that LFBOTs may emerge from Wolf–Rayet stars, a massive class of stars that form when a black hole strips away the sun's outer hydrogen layer. Pictured: A Wolf–Rayet star 15,000 light–years from Earth that is 30 times the mass of the sun

That black hole continues to feed on its neighbour until, over hundreds of thousands of years, it falls into the stellar core and destroys it, triggering an LFBOT.

Co–author Professor Brian Metzger, of Columbia University, told the Daily Mail: 'When the compact object plunges into the Wolf–Rayet star, it can rapidly accrete the stellar [material] and release a huge amount of gravitational energy.

'Some of that energy drives powerful outflows or jets, which then collide with material around the star.

'That interaction can produce a very hot, bright flash of light on a short timescale.'

Wolf–Rayet stars are ideal candidates for producing LFBOTs for a few critical reasons.

First, the light from LFBOTs doesn't show the telltale signature of elemental hydrogen, which suggests they should come from stars that have lost their hydrogen layer.

Wolf–Rayet stars are also massive and dense, which allows the black hole to feed as fast as possible and produce a colossal burst of light.

Finally, Professor Metzger adds: 'They can also have dense material around them from earlier episodes of mass loss, which gives the explosion something to crash into and helps power the observed emission.'

When a black hole falls into its neighbouring Wolf–Rayet star, the destruction releases a massive burst of energy which briefly appears as LFBOT, such as this one spotted by NASA in 2023

Previously, scientists had thought that the bright surge of light could either come from an unusual type of supernova explosion or from a large star being torn apart by gravitational forces.

However, the LFBOTs that scientists have seen don't come from galaxies where either of these would be likely.

These galaxies either tend to have a rate of new star formation that is either too fast or too slow to fit with known types of supernovae.

Additionally, the black hole collision theory also helps to solve the biggest mystery surrounding these blue flashes.

LFBOTs are often found in the very outer reaches of their host galaxies, far away from the densely packed galactic centre.

For example, one flash was spotted breaking out from a region some 55,000 light–years away from its galaxy's core.

Another known as 'The Finch', found by NASA in 2023, was spotted on its own more than 50,000 light–years from the nearest spiral galaxy.

This is extremely unusual because, if they are being triggered by stars, you would expect to see them more often in regions where stars are the most tightly packed.

Scientists had thought that the bright surge of light could come from an unusual type of supernova explosion, but the galaxies where LFBOTs are found don't match those where these explosions are likely 

Dr Nugent says: 'We think it's because their progenitors must have received a "kick" to push them out of their birthsite and away from these regions in their host galaxies.

'Stars can get strong kicks from supernova explosions, and if LFBOTs do indeed come from compact object–Wolf–Rayet star mergers, it is more than likely that the star that created the compact object underwent a supernova that gave the binary system the kick.'

The researchers admit that, since the number of LFBOTs is still so small, this is far from a 'closed case'.

Many more observations will be needed before scientists can be absolutely certain what is triggering these bizarre explosions.

However, they expect that the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its newly started decade–long Legacy Survey of Space and Time should help provide those answers.

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Huge asteroid with the potential to obliterate an entire city will skim past Earth TONIGHT – here's how you can watch the narrow miss live

• READ MORE: NASA successfully changed asteroid's orbit around the sun 

By XANTHA LEATHAM, EXECUTIVE SCIENCE EDITOR

An enormous asteroid with the potential to destroy an entire city will skim past Earth this evening.

Astronomers say the space rock, called 2026 JH2, is up to four times the size of a London bus and will get 'as close as you can without hitting'.

It is expected to zoom by our planet at an estimated distance of around 56,000 miles (90,000km) at 10:23pm BST.

This is exceptionally close – the equivalent of just a quarter of the distance between us and the moon.

Estimates place the size of the space rock between 52 and 115ft (16 and 35 metres) in diameter, and it is racing towards Earth at around 20,000mph (32,000 kmph).

Despite having enough mass to wipe out a city, simulations suggest there is no chance of impact for at least the next 100 years.

While it will be too faint to see with the naked eye, it may be visible through amateur telescopes under dark sky conditions. But for those without access to stargazing equipment, you can still watch the unusually close encounter.

Astronomers in Italy will be sharing a livestream of the flyby, recorded through a telescope, on The Virtual Telescope Project's YouTube channel. The broadcast will start at 8:45pm BST.

This illustration shows the orbit of asteroid 2026 JH2 (grey) relative to Earth's orbit (light blue). Its oval–shaped orbit takes it nearly as far out as Jupiter

Thankfully, simulations suggest there is no chance of an impact for at least the next 100 years (stock image) 

People in the UK will have the best chance of spotting asteroid 2026 JH2 from dark–sky locations with a clear northern horizon.

Around closest approach, it should be moving through the region of Ursa Major, fairly high in the sky.

Binoculars probably won't be good enough unless they are very large. However, it should be visible with small telescopes.

It will look like a faint moving dot, rather than a dramatic streak.

The asteroid was first discovered on May 10 by astronomers at the Mount Lemmon Observatory near Tucson in Arizona.

Data suggests it likely circles the sun every 3.7 years on an oval–shaped orbit that takes it nearly as far out as Jupiter.

The size of the asteroid is an estimate based on the amount of light reflecting off its surface, which means that measurements cannot be entirely certain.

If the asteroid is made of a particularly dark or unreflective material, then it could be nearer to the higher end of the estimate range or potentially even larger.

2026 JH2 is expected to zoom by our planet at an estimated distance of around 56,000 miles (90,000km) tonight

Estimated to be between 16 and 35 metres (52 to 115ft) across, 2026 JH2 is a similar size to the 20–metre Chelyabinsk meteor (pictured), which exploded with 30 times the energy of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 

Asteroid 2026 JH2

Estimated size: 16 to 35 metres (52 to 115ft) in diameter

Closest pass to Earth: 56,000 miles (90,000km)

Time of closest pass: May 18th 10:23pm (BST)

Risk of hitting Earth: None

How to watch live: Astronomers will be sharing a livestream of the flyby, recorded through a telescope, on The Virtual Telescope Project's YouTube channel. The broadcast will start at 8:45pm BST.

However, even at the lower end of its estimated range, the asteroid still carries a huge destructive potential.

'It's the kind of thing that would ruin a city quite efficiently, if it hit,' Mark Norris, from the University of Lancashire, told New Scientist.

Experts say if 2026 JH2 did strike Earth, it would cause an event comparable to the Chelyabinsk meteor.

In 2013, an 18–metre (59ft) meteor exploded over the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia, near the border with Kazakhstan.

The resulting explosion was 30 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, producing a shockwave that travelled twice around the world.

Directly beneath the explosion, 28 miles (45km) above the ground, the heat was so intense that people were left with burns and retinal damage.

Around 1,500 people were injured and over 3,600 homes were damaged, even though only 0.05 per cent of the original rock made it to the ground.

With a potential size up to 35 metres (115ft) in diameter, 2026 JH2 has the potential to be even more destructive – possibly even ranking it as a 'city killer' size asteroid.

However, although the asteroid will pass extremely close to the planet, it poses no threat whatsoever to Earth.

READ  MORE

• What would it have been like to experience the dinosaur–killing asteroid? Scientists reveal a blow–by–blow account of one of the most catastrophic events in history

Thanks to careful study by the network of planetary defence telescopes, astronomers are able to make very precise calculations of asteroids' orbits

The next sizable space rock that will get this close to Earth will likely be the 'God of Chaos' asteroid, 99942 Apophis, which will fly within 20,000 miles (32,000 km) of Earth on April 13, 2029.

After Apophis, the next major flyby will be from 2024 YR4, also known as the 'city killer' asteroid, which will zoom past the moon at a minimum distance of around 13,200 miles (21,200 km) in 2032.

POTENTIAL METHODS FOR ELIMINATING THE THREAT OF AN ASTEROID  

DART is one of many concepts of how to negate the threat of an asteroid that have been suggested over the years. 

Multiple bumps 

Scientists in California have been firing projectiles at meteorites to simulate the best methods of altering the course of an asteroid so that it wouldn't hit Earth. 

According to the results so far, an asteroid like Bennu that is rich in carbon could need several small bumps to charge its course.

'These results indicate multiple successive impacts may be required to deflect rather than disrupt asteroids, particularly carbonaceous asteroids,' researchers said.  

Nuke 

Another idea, known simply as 'nuke', involves blowing up a nuclear explosive close to the asteroid.

However, this could create smaller but still potentially dangerous fragments of rock that could spin off in all directions, potentially towards Earth. 

Ion Beam Deflection

With Ion Beam Deflection, plumes from a space probe's thrusters would be directed towards the asteroid to gently push on its surface over a wide area. 

A thruster firing in the opposite direction would be needed to keep the spacecraft at a constant distance from the asteroid. 

Gravity tractor 

And yet another concept, gravity tractor, would deflect the asteroid without physically contacting it, but instead by using only its gravitational field to transmit a required impulse. 

Professor Colin Snodgrass, an astronomer at the University of Edinburgh said: 'There have been a few concepts suggested, such as a 'gravity tractor' to slowly tow an asteroid away instead of pushing it with a kinetic impactor.

'But the kinetic impactor is definitely the simplest technology to use on the sort of timescale that is most likely to be of concern for this size of asteroid, i.e. years to decades warning time.'

RELATED

A “City Killer” Asteroid Is Heading Back Toward Earth… Here’s What NASA Says

City-Killer Asteroid Passes Earth Monday — Could Consequences Be More Terrifying Than We Think?

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This unusual cloud phenomenon involves a 6,000-kilometer-wide wave front that travels around Venus over just a few Earth days, and scientists believe it could potentially affect future space missions.

A Weather Aberration on Venus

Japan’s Akatsuki Venus orbiter first observed Venus’s enormous, 6,000-kilometer-wide atmospheric wave move across the planet’s equator at tremendous speed in 2016. Now, a decade later, the University of Tokyo team has some answers about this peculiar feature.

Compared to Earth, Venus is a slow mover, with its rotation even slower than its 243-day orbit. Despite this, Venusian clouds move at an incredible pace, 60 times the planet’s rotational speed in what is known as “superrotation,” a phenomenon also observed on Mars, the Sun, and Earth’s supersonic atmosphere.

“We identified the phenomena, but for years we couldn’t understand it,” said lead author Professor Takeshi Imamura from the Graduate School of Frontier Sciences at the University of Tokyo. “However, thanks to this research, we’re now able to show that this cloud disruption is caused by the largest known hydraulic jump in the solar system.”

A Natural Weather Lab

The Venusian atmosphere is hot, dense, and toxic, being composed of almost 97% carbon dioxide. This results in constant cloud cover, which rains sulfuric acid. While this creates a deadly environment for humans, at a distance, it’s a perfect natural weather laboratory. This extreme cloud density makes hard-to-spot weather patterns and processes more readily apparent than they would be on a planet such as ours.

The strange formation in the Venusian atmosphere resulted from a sudden slowdown of the fluid, known as a hydraulic jump, produced when a large atmospheric Kelvin wave moving east across Venus becomes unstable in the lower to middle cloud region. The Kelvin wave’s sudden slowing produces an updraft, pushing sulfuric acid vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it can condense into clouds. As though clouds trail, they form the enormous wavefront spotted by Akatsuki Venus.

“Venus has three distinct cloud layers, and the dynamics of the lower and middle layers are not so well understood,” said Imamura. “Our discovery of a hydraulic jump on Venus connecting a very large-scale horizontal process with a strong localized vertical wave is unexpected, as in fluid dynamics these are usually disconnected.”

Analyzing Venusian Weather

The Japanese researchers used a fluid-dynamic model to simulate the hydraulic jump observed on Venus, combined with a microphysical box model to track air flow through the atmosphere. In their analysis, the University of Tokyo researchers identified how the cloud disturbance maintains the Venusian atmosphere’s superrotation.

“Up until now, we used a global circulation model (GCM) for Venus that is similar to Earth’s, but this model doesn’t include the hydraulic jump which we have now identified,” explained Imamura. “Our next step will be to test this discovery within a more inclusive climate model that includes other atmospheric processes. We will face challenges due to the significant processing power required to run such simulations. Even with modern supercomputers, it isn’t easy.”

• Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.
  

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Mount Roraima: Evidence of Ancient Cutting Technology?

mariusalbertsen

Rising abruptly from the lush, untamed jungles of southeastern Venezuela, Mount Roraima is a geological behemoth that defies logic. With its perfectly flat plateau and sheer, vertical cliffs plunging thousands of feet into the mists below, it looks less like a natural mountain and more like a colossal, ancient fortress. For decades, alternative researchers and mystery enthusiasts have looked at these impossibly straight geological lines and asked a controversial question: could Mount Roraima be the result of artificial cuts? This massive tepui, surrounded by a harsh and isolated landscape, continues to capture the imagination of explorers and scientists alike.

The sheer scale of Mount Roraima is breathtaking, with its summit covering roughly 31 square kilometers (12 square miles) and its highest point reaching 2,810 meters (9,219 ft). The walls of the tepui are so remarkably vertical and smooth that they appear to have been sheared off by advanced machinery. This visual anomaly has fueled endless speculation about ancient, highly advanced civilizations or even extraterrestrial architects who may have terraformed the region in the distant past. However, distinguishing between the myths of ancient builders and the harsh realities of geological time requires a deeper look into both the stone and the people who live in its shadow.

A traveler sitting on the rocky, alien terrain of Mount Roraima's plateau, looking out over the clouds and sheer cliffs. 

Pixabay Free/Emilio17

The Monolithic Mystery of the Tepuis

To understand the intense speculation surrounding Mount Roraima, one must first look at its baffling geography. The mountain is part of the Pacaraima chain, a series of tepuis, table-top mountains that dominate the Gran Sabana region. When clouds roll in, obscuring the base of the mountain, Mount Roraima appears to float in the sky like a solid island of rock. It is this otherworldly appearance that inspired Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous 1912 novel, "The Lost World." The stark 90-degree angles of the cliff faces look distinctly non-natural, leading many to draw comparisons to ancient megalithic structures like Stonehenge or the perfectly cut stones of Puma Punku.

A dramatic view of a tepui's vertical stone walls rising out of the mist. Visually represents the "artificial cuts" debate.

 Pixabay Free/JohannaWallace

Proponents of the artificial cuts theory point to the immense, block-like formations that litter the plateau and the base of the cliffs. Some of these gigantic stone blocks appear uniformly rectangular, resembling quarried masonry on a scale far beyond human capability. Could a lost civilization have used advanced technology to mine this mountain for precious minerals? While this theory is incredibly compelling and makes for fantastic lore, modern science offers a different, yet equally fascinating, explanation for these supposedly artificial features.

Geological studies have consistently shown that the secret to Mount Roraima lies in the immense power of deep time. According to a comprehensive 2019 study by Sauro et al., the tepuis are composed of ancient Precambrian quartz arenite sandstones. Over millions of years, a unique weathering process known as "arenization" slowly dissolved the quartz. This relentless chemical and physical weathering, combined with massive structural collapses, naturally creates the sheer vertical walls and the giant, block-like sinkholes that mimic artificial cuts. Nature, given enough time, is the ultimate master mason.

Myth of the Tree of Life

While modern science attributes the shape of Mount Roraima to the slow dissolution of quartz sandstone, the indigenous peoples of the region have their own profound explanations. For the Pemon and Kapon tribes, who have inhabited the Circum-Mount Roraima landscape for centuries, the tepui is deeply woven into their cultural DNA. They do not see the mountain as an artificially cut quarry, but rather as the sacred remnants of a cosmic event. Anthropological research, including recent ethnographies by Riris et al. (2025), details the rich oral traditions that view Mount Roraima as the stump of the mighty "Tree of Life."

Blue-tinted ancient rock art showing human and animal figures. Represents the region's indigenous presence and ancient myths. 

Pixabay Free/MikeGoad

According to local folklore, this colossal tree once bore all the fruits and vegetables of the world, providing endless sustenance for humanity. However, a legendary trickster figure named Makunaima chopped down the tree in a moment of greed or folly. The massive trunk crashed to the earth, unleashing a terrible flood, and the sheer, flat-topped stump that remained became Mount Roraima. This powerful myth beautifully explains the "cut" appearance of the tepui without the need for alien lasers or lost technological empires. It highlights a profound spiritual connection to the geological landscape.

The folklore surrounding Mount Roraima is not merely a collection of ancient bedtime stories; it is a vital part of indigenous identity. The mountain is considered sacred ground, heavily protected by spirits, and historically, scaling its walls was strictly forbidden. The mists that perpetually shroud the summit are said to be the smoke from the fires of the spirits. This deep-rooted reverence demonstrates how ancient humans naturally created complex, mythical frameworks to make sense of the awe-inspiring and intimidating geological anomalies of their environment.

A lush, dense tropical waterfall in the Venezuelan jungle, representing the impenetrable Gran Sabana surrounding the tepuis.

Pixabay Free/Atlantios

Prehistoric Footprints in the Gran Sabana

While the theory of artificial cuts remains firmly in the realm of alternative history, there is undeniable evidence of ancient human presence in the shadow of Mount Roraima. Recent archaeological expeditions have begun to reveal that the seemingly impenetrable Canaima National Park complex was not entirely devoid of early human activity. Although the brutal environment makes the preservation of organic material difficult, researchers have found enduring marks left in stone. A 2026 study by García et al. documented the exciting discovery of new rock art sites and lithic tools in the region.

A wide landscape shot showing the massive scale of the tepui plateau rising above the savanna.

(Pixabay Free/jplenio)

These recent findings provide a tangible link between the modern indigenous populations and their prehistoric ancestors. The newly discovered petroglyphs feature intricate geometric patterns, human figures, and representations of the diverse local fauna. The presence of these ancient artists suggests that the area around Mount Roraima has been a site of cultural significance for thousands of years. The lithic tools found nearby indicate that these ancient people were not just passing through, but were actively hunting, gathering, and surviving in this challenging environment.

A moody, dramatic shot of ancient stone monoliths under a stormy sky (Stonehenge style). A thematic image to accompany the "ancient builders" or megalithic theories. 

Pixabay Free/ELG21

The discovery of prehistoric rock art adds a crucial layer of authenticity to the region's historical narrative. It shifts the focus from unsubstantiated claims of advanced ancient engineering to the very real, hard-fought survival of indigenous groups in South America. These ancient people did not need advanced machinery to leave their mark on the world. Their legacy is etched into the stone faces of the Gran Sabana, proving that the true magic of Mount Roraima lies not in hypothetical artificial cuts, but in the enduring relationship between the mountain and the humans who have revered it since antiquity.

Ultimately, Mount Roraima stands as a testament to the staggering power of geological forces and the boundless capacity of human imagination. Whether viewed as the petrified stump of the Tree of Life, a naturally sculpted masterpiece of quartz sandstone, or a canvas for prehistoric artists, it remains one of the Earth's most mesmerizing mysteries. While the vertical cliffs were carved by water and time rather than ancient saws, the true wonder of Mount Roraima is that it continues to inspire a profound sense of awe in everyone who gazes upon its towering walls.

• Top Image: A beautiful, wide-angle shot of the neighboring Kukenan tepui at sunset, showing the massive, seemingly "cut" flat top and vertical walls glowing in golden light. Excellent representation of the tepui structure.
• Source: Paolo Costa Baldi/CC BY-SA 3.0

By Marius Albertsen

FAQs

• Is Mount Roraima artificially cut? No, the sheer vertical cliffs and flat top of Mount Roraima are the result of a natural geological process called arenization. Over millions of years, chemical and physical weathering dissolved the ancient quartz sandstone, causing massive structural collapses that created straight lines resembling artificial cuts.
• What is the indigenous myth of Mount Roraima? The local Pemon and Kapon indigenous peoples believe Mount Roraima is the petrified stump of the legendary "Tree of Life." According to folklore, this massive tree once held all the fruits of the world before it was chopped down by a trickster spirit, leaving behind the flat-topped mountain.
• Are there ancient archaeological sites near Mount Roraima? Yes, recent archaeological studies have uncovered prehistoric rock art, petroglyphs, and lithic (stone) tools in the Canaima National Park region surrounding the tepuis. These discoveries confirm that ancient humans lived and hunted in the shadow of Mount Roraima thousands of years ago.

References

• García, L. et al. 2026. Prehistoric Landscapes of The Canaima Complex: New Rock Art Sites and Lithic Tools in Southeastern Venezuela. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169555X19302648
• Riris, P. et al. 2025. Indigenous Folklore in the Circum-Mount Roraima Landscape. Available at: Taylor & Francis Online https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0015587X.2025.2539607
• Sauro, F. et al. 2019. Genesis of giant sinkholes and caves in the quartz sandstones of tepuis (Venezuela). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/400086051_Prehistoric_Landscapes_of_The_Canaima_Complex_New_Rock_Art_Sites_and_Lithic_tools_in_Southeastern_Venezuela

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EXCLUSIVE - I'm an exorcist... Here's the chilling encounter that made me believe UFOs are the work of Satan

By ROB WAUGH

A Catholic priest and exorcist who has encountered demons first-hand has revealed a chilling experience that led him to believe UFOs are actually the work of the devil. 

Father Carlos Martins, an Ontario-born priest who has performed exorcisms around the world, believes the UFO phenomenon is part of a larger spiritual deception designed to undermine Christianity and cast doubt on the Bible.

The priest said a longtime friend who later converted to Christianity once witnessed a gigantic spacecraft hovering silently over a suburban park before it shot away 'instantly to the speed of a bullet.'

The object was allegedly so enormous that the two witnesses could see details on its surface and estimated it stretched across 'many football fields in size.' Yet despite the extraordinary sighting, no one else in the town appeared to notice the object, and there were no local news reports about the alleged encounter.

Years later, after converting to Christianity, Martins' friend came to believe the vision had not been an alien craft at all, but a supernatural illusion sent by the devil.

Speaking to the Daily Mail, Martins said Satan could use belief in extraterrestrial civilizations to create 'a competing account' to Christian scripture and weaken belief in divine revelation.

He also claimed modern UFO encounters, particularly alien abduction stories, often mirror the psychological and physical torment seen during cases of alleged demonic possession.

'If the devil brings it about, he can put it into the human imagination that there is extraterrestrial life, that there are civilizations out there, then he can cause doubt in the Scriptures,' Martin said.

Father Carlos Martins has encountered the Devil and his minions in many forms

'What he's done then is set up a competing account to the Christian scriptures, something the Judeo-Christian scriptures cannot account for, and so there's an indirect repudiation of the truth of revelation. He's accomplished that.'

The idea that UFOs may have demonic origins has gained traction in some conservative religious circles in recent years.

Vice President J D Vance said on a podcast in March: 'I don't think they're aliens, I think they're demons.'

Martins converted from atheism to Christianity while studying as an undergraduate and says one of his closest friends experienced an encounter that radically shaped his understanding of UFOs.

The priest recalled: 'I have a good friend who is a convert. He converted to the Christian faith in his late teens or early 20s. We grew up in the same hometown.

'[My friend] was walking with another friend on a weeknight along a trail in a suburb that ran between two homes and opened into a large park. 

'They looked up into the sky and saw this enormously large spaceship. It was immensely large, many football fields in size.'

The two men allegedly watched the giant craft hovering silently overhead and were close enough to make out details on its surface.

Father Carlos Martins, an Ontario-born priest who has performed exorcisms around the world, believes the UFO phenomenon is part of a larger spiritual deception designed to undermine Christianity and cast doubt on the Bible  (stock)

Martins said: 'They look at one another, and then they look back at the ship, and it would have been less than a minute.

'All of a sudden, it takes off with a speed that's just unfathomable, instantly to the speed of a bullet. So it just shot out of the sky. There wasn't an acceleration, it was just instant darting away.'

According to Martins, the most disturbing aspect of the encounter was that nobody else seemed to have witnessed the gigantic craft.

There were no reports in local newspapers, no emergency calls and no indication anyone else in town had seen the alleged spacecraft.

For years, his friend struggled to understand the experience until later converting to Christianity.

'My friend, when he converted, or after he converted, we talked about this again, Martins said.

'I remember a couple of times, and I said to him, "Look, what do you think that was?" He said, "No question. It was the devil."'

'He said, "If I were to buy into this concept, then of their being ET life, then it would cast a doubt on the Christian account of what exists in the universe of God's plan for it."'

He said reports involving UFOs and alien encounters have increasingly appeared alongside exorcism cases during the last decade.

'There's definitely been a rise, I would say, in the last 10 years of integration of UFO and extraterrestrial, alien life stuff and exorcism,' Martins explained.

'I wouldn't say that it's common, but I would say it's definitely on the rise.'

Above, a still from a video released in the Trump administration's disclosure appears to show a glowing object resembling an 'eight-pointed star' with uneven arms moving across the sky, which almost seemed to shape-shift in mid-air

Martins believes many UFO sightings are elaborate illusions created to deceive human senses.

'The senses can be deceived. Fake sense experience can be produced. That's the point,' he said. 'So an illusion, a mirage, which I've seen many times.'

The priest said he witnessed this phenomenon firsthand while performing an exorcism on a firefighter he believed was possessed.

Martins said he secretly flicked a tiny amount of holy water onto the man's clothing while walking behind him.

According to Martins, the man suddenly reacted violently.

'He shot up out of his chair and started hissing, and his teeth seemed to grow some two inches, like there were fangs at that moment,' Martins said. 'For a split second, the fangs were protruding from his mouth.'

Martins believes the apparent transformation was not physically real, but rather a visual illusion generated by demonic forces.

'The devil is perfectly capable of bending light. He's perfectly capable of causing a mirage and illusion,' the priest said. 'I mean, he is by far the greatest magician, the greatest sleight of hand performer that has ever existed.'

The priest also argued that alleged alien abductions closely resemble accounts of demonic oppression and possession.

'When you read accounts of abductions of people that have been allegedly abducted, very similar to ones that are demonically tortured,' Martins said. 'There are large gaps in memory.'

He added: 'The phenomenon, the experience of the victim, is kind of always the same. Across the board, there's an abuse of the body, an abuse of the person.'

Martins believes modern fascination with extraterrestrials emerged during the Space Age and gradually replaced older supernatural folklore.

'This is the modern-day folk account of leprechauns, tooth fairies and pixies,' he said. 'It was only when we entered the Space Age. 

'Then the view of man changed, and that became kind of the new realm, the blank slate by which the devil could approve and kind of begin to dictate a new story.'

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Aliens on Anlaby school roof and ETs sending invisible cars to Goole - the weird tales unearthed by UFO investigator

Researcher Nigel Watson has documented a trove of astonishing cases

It was not long after the Christmas holidays on a Wednesday in 1978 at Anlaby Primary School when "Peter" - a pseudonymous pupil - is reported to have had a close encounter of the third. Later that day, the seven year old told his puzzled mum that, while in the playground, he had heard a sharp whistling noise and looked up to see a flying saucer that was changing colour as it came in to land on the school's flat roof.

Three humanoid beings are said to have got out of the craft - they appeared to be armless and wearing gold suits with wires or tubes hanging from their backs which connected them to the craft. Peter ran off to tell a friend but looked back to see the beings had got back into the craft - which took off slowly before flying away "like a boomerang" once it had cleared nearby buildings

Peter's sighting - only a couple of months before Steven Spielberg's blockbuster Close Encounters Of The Third Kind hit British cinemas - is just one of several bizarre accounts from the Humber region researched by Scunthorpe UFO investigator Nigel Watson, who has spent much of his life peering into people's experience of the phenomenon.

Now, with the US Government's release of so-called UFO files and supposed whistleblowers coming forward in recent years, Nigel has highlighted several astonishing tales from his book - Portraits Of Alien Encounters Revisited: High Strangeness British UFO Cases - which was published last year and includes cases predominantly from the 1970s and 80s.

Nigel, who was a founder of the Scunthorpe UFO Research Society in the early 1970s, was drawn to the subject amid the space race in the '60s and began interviewing people from across the North of England, who claimed to have seen mainly anomalous lights in the sky. Many, he supposes, were actually satellites, flares or other more pedestrian explanations.

Nigel Watson is a UFO researcher who has penned Portraits of Alien Encounters Revisited: High Strangeness British UFO Cases.

(Image: Nigel Watson)

But, for Nigel, a handful of really incredible stories stuck out - with some reported on his doorstep. The Anlaby encounter came only months after the eerily similar Wawne Primary case.

Nigel explained: "Children saw a craft fly over their school. The headmaster got them to do drawings and plasticine models afterwards, and they all seemed to be very similar."

On the same day, 12 miles to the North West of Wawne, a mother and her seven year-old son were going to the youth club at Middleton when they saw a brilliant cone of blue light. They reported it travelling silently at high speed, and that as it moved it got larger. Nigel says the boy's description of it as "like a rocket" suggests they saw a meteor or fireball.

{ https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/all-about/nostalgia }

Have you ever contemplated the differences between a laser and a conventional flashlight? Addressing this inquiry necessitates a succinct historical overview and a detailed examination of the nature of light. This will be the focus of our discussion now.

Laser show. Source: phys.org

What is light?

May 16 is observed as the International Day of Light, initiated by the United Nations. This date is not arbitrary; on this day in 1960, Theodore Maiman first demonstrated the operation of a solid-state laser. One might inquire why the date was not chosen to coincide with the invention of the electric light bulb or a flashlight based upon it. The response to this inquiry prompts a counter-question: how does a flashlight fundamentally differ from a laser? Can a laser be considered a type of flashlight? And what precisely is light? Let us commence with this final question.

Since antiquity, humans have been captivated by the nature of light. As early as the 5th century BC, the ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles examined concepts related to rays and their origins. Two centuries thereafter, Euclid provided a mathematical description of the laws governing light reflection. Subsequently, Ptolemy investigated the phenomena of light refraction.

Theodore Maiman and the laser he invented. Source: Wikipedia

However, no one was able to elucidate the composition of the sunlight or the stars observed. It was not until 77 B.C. that the ancient Roman scholar Lucretius proposed that light consists of a stream of particles interacting with the human eye. Nevertheless, other ancient writers were gradual in accepting this theory.

This concept did not become widely popular until the subsequent millennium, and it was Indian and Arab scholars — not European researchers — who were the initial adopters.

Nevertheless, by the 17th century, the theory that light consisted of a stream of very small particles (corpuscles) had already become predominant in European science. The initial experiments validating this theory had already been performed. However, Francesco Grimaldi subsequently discovered the phenomena of light interference and diffraction, leading to the conclusion that light is a wave — a vibration that propagates through a medium filling all of space, which was then referred to as the ether. Over the following three centuries, numerous experiments were undertaken: some unequivocally confirmed that light is particulate, while others convincingly demonstrated that it is a wave.

Refraction of light. Source: Wikipedia

Wave-particle duality

The debate regarding the nature of light was among the most comprehensive in global history. It was not resolved until the early twentieth century. Initially, investigations into the internal structure of the atom suggested that electrons sometimes exhibit behavior characteristic of both particles and waves.

Albert Einstein then utilized these theories to elucidate the photoelectric effect — a phenomenon wherein light incident on specific materials induces an electric current to flow within a closed circuit connected to them. It is this very phenomenon that forms the fundamental basis for the operation of contemporary solar panels and photovoltaic cell-based motion sensors.

Einstein elucidated the photoelectric effect by stating that an electron cannot orbit the nucleus of an atom in arbitrary paths, but only along specific trajectories, with the differences between these paths corresponding to precisely defined quantum of energy. It is these quanta of energy that the electron absorbs upon collision with a photon. If, subsequently, the electron transitions to a sufficiently excited state, it commences movement from one atom to another. This process is the mechanism by which an electric current is generated.

Light diffraction. Source: Wikipedia

Interestingly, Einstein’s original papers from 1905 to 1917 do not use the modern name for the particle — the photon. That term was proposed by Gilbert Lewis in 1926. Einstein himself referred to it specifically as a “light quantum.”

The recognition of a particle of light as a quantum has definitively resolved the longstanding debate regarding its fundamental nature. Indeed, photons, along with all other elementary particles, demonstrate wave-particle duality. In essence, they can exhibit momentum and a trajectory of motion akin to a ballistic object, while simultaneously possessing frequency and amplitude characteristic of a wave in the ocean.

Concurrently, a photon’s energy is contingent upon its frequency, and not on its amplitude. Moreover, it certainly does not depend on mass, as photons inherently lack mass. It is due to this fact that photons in a vacuum consistently travel at the maximum attainable velocity within our universe: 299,792,458 meters per second. This velocity is commonly referred to as the speed of light.

The photoelectric effect. Source: Wikipedia

Visible light

Another notable feature of the photon is that it possesses no intrinsic electric charge. Nevertheless, it functions as a mediator of electromagnetic interaction. In fact, visible light constitutes only a minor segment of the electromagnetic spectrum, which extends from radio waves to gamma rays.

It is unsurprising that photons are represented by the Greek letter γ, which is also used for the most intense form of radiation. This correspondence arises because they are essentially identical particles, distinguished only by their varying energies. Similarly, the same principle applies to infrared and ultraviolet light.

In conclusion, our Sun emits photons across a broad spectrum. The most hazardous portion of this radiation is effectively obstructed by our planet’s magnetic field and ozone layer. Of the remaining radiation, we perceive only photons with wavelengths between 400 and 780 nanometers. Consequently, what we observe as visible light is, in fact, a composite of particles with varying frequencies, given that this attribute is inversely proportional to wavelength.

You may observe this phenomenon firsthand by witnessing light disperse into a spectrum. In the natural environment, this process is quite commonplace, with its most prevalent form being the one produced by numerous water droplets suspended aloft in the sky. This optical phenomenon is commonly known as a rainbow.

Electromagnetic spectrum. Source: Wikipedia

Light is also dispersed into a spectrum within various containers filled with water. However, this process is typically executed intentionally through the use of prisms. The fundamental principle involves employing reflection and refraction to cause particles, which were previously traveling in unison, to diverge at different angles. These variations are perceived as distinct colors.

Our chromatic perception functions in a comparable manner with regard to the surrounding objects. When an object absorbs all photons within the visible spectrum except for a narrow band that is reflected, we perceive it as possessing a particular color.

With colored light produced by a transparent medium — such as in stained glass — the principle is similar, but with a slight difference. In that case, the material also absorbs most of the visible spectrum, but the remainder is not only reflected but also transmitted through it.

Lighting sources

Once the nature of light was comprehended, individuals initiated the pursuit of more advanced techniques for its generation. Historically, the prevalent approach entailed the utilization of heated objects or gaseous byproducts resulting from exothermic reactions. Furthermore, heat represents a manifestation of electromagnetic interaction, transmitted via photons.

A thermal imager operates by detecting infrared radiation. Source: Wikipedia

In the case of an open flame, this is not immediately apparent, as it is necessary to first understand that the combustion reaction initially generates a dense cloud of hot gases (the flame), which emits photons. Concurrently, because the transfer of energy between electrons and atomic nuclei occurs in a chaotic manner, the photons produced possess a range of frequencies and energies.

Consequently, any object subjected to sufficient heating emits photons. However, not all photons possess a frequency within the visible light spectrum. An example of this can be observed in infrared thermal imaging cameras. Their remarkable capability to operate effectively in darkness is merely a result of detecting low-frequency photons and transforming the resulting image into a visible format.

Another example is heating metal until it glows. Typically, this produces a red color. The reason is that the hotter a body gets, the higher the frequency of the emitted photons becomes. And the first color in the visible spectrum that they encounter is red. To produce other colors, the material must be heated to a temperature at which most metals melt or react with atmospheric gases.

Energy distribution in an incandescent lamp. Source: Wikipedia

However, individuals discovered alternative methods to circumvent this limitation even prior to Einstein’s establishment of the quantum nature of light. The solution involves a tungsten filament, which is integrated into an electrical circuit and mounted within a glass vacuum bulb. This device is referred to as an incandescent lamp, and until recently, it represented the most prevalent method for illuminating residential spaces.

The most intriguing aspect of this method is that, owing to its imperfections, the spectrum of photons generated when an electric current traverses a filament exhibits a slight shift toward the red end of the spectrum in comparison to sunlight. However, this characteristic has become so familiar to us that it is commonly referred to as “warm incandescent light.”

Nevertheless, in contemporary practice, we predominantly employ lighting fixtures that utilize more energy-efficient LED technology. Indeed, an incandescent bulb is so designated because it primarily emits energy in the infrared spectrum, which does not contribute to enhancing indoor illumination.

In fact, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) emit blue light, which is subsequently transformed into white light.
Source: activeshop.com.ua

The underlying principle of the energy efficiency of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) resides in the fact that photons are emitted not during the excited state of atoms, but as a consequence of electron transitions between different types of semiconductors. The nature of these transitions is dictated by the composition of the materials involved. The energy of the emitted photons remains constant, resulting in the emission of light of a singular color.

The paradox lies in the fact that it cannot be considered the “white sunlight” it appears to be, such as when a flashlight is turned on. This is because, as previously noted, sunlight itself is a combination of various wavelengths.

In reality, no LED is truly white. It is either a blue LED coated with a yellow phosphor that emits yellow light, together producing the desired color, or it consists of three separate LEDs — red, green, and blue — that collectively generate the same effect.

What is the relevance of the laser in this context?

This raises the question: Is it even feasible to produce a light source capable of generating the purest possible electromagnetic waves across any frequency spectrum? The answer is the laser. More precisely, the answer resides in the principle of stimulated emission of photons, which underpins its operation.

All the light sources described heretofore emit photons passively, as a consequence of other processes. However, Einstein himself proposed as early as 1916 that electrons could be induced to emit photons collectively simply by prompting their transition from one orbital level to another.

For this phenomenon to occur consistently, it is essential that the majority of atoms within a given volume be in an excited state. Additionally, the environment in which the process occurs must be enclosed by a mirrored surface capable of reflecting photons. As a result, the number of photons within the generator will continuously increase, and it is then sufficient to leave a single narrow aperture through which they can pass, thereby producing a beam of intense radiation.

A distinguishing characteristic of such a system is that, akin to LEDs, all emitted photons possess identical frequencies. Nevertheless, a notable distinction exists between them. Spontaneous emission in semiconductors transpires with phase and directional mismatches. Conversely, in a laser beam, all electromagnetic oscillations are flawlessly superimposed. This phenomenon is termed coherence, and it fundamentally differentiates a laser from all other sources of light.

Lasers emitting at various wavelengths. Source: Wikipedia.

Recall the initial stages of our study on light? It began with rays. However, rays emanating from all light sources gradually diverge in every direction as they propagate, and at a certain distance, they form a large spot. In contrast, with lasers, due to their coherence, this process occurs at a significantly slower rate.

This is precisely why they are utilized as indicators. The concept underlying beam weapons similarly relies on this principle, as well as on the fact that pumping a medium can produce a significantly large number of photons. Furthermore, a high photon density per unit cross-sectional area of the beam corresponds to a substantial amount of energy being transferred to the material.

In essence, the laser is regarded as the most exemplary source of illumination ever developed by mankind. It is therefore not surprising that the United Nations designated the date of its initial demonstration as World Light Day. After all, it was at that juncture that humanity achieved comprehensive mastery over this enigmatic phenomenon, the nature of which had been subject to debate for centuries.

• Posted in Articles, Questions

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

Have you ever contemplated the differences between a laser and a conventional flashlight? Addressing this inquiry necessitates a succinct historical overview and a detailed examination of the nature of light. This will be the focus of our discussion now.

What is the relevance of the laser in this context?

This raises the question: Is it even feasible to produce a light source capable of generating the purest possible electromagnetic waves across any frequency spectrum? The answer is the laser. More precisely, the answer resides in the principle of stimulated emission of photons, which underpins its operation.

All the light sources described heretofore emit photons passively, as a consequence of other processes. However, Einstein himself proposed as early as 1916 that electrons could be induced to emit photons collectively simply by prompting their transition from one orbital level to another.

For this phenomenon to occur consistently, it is essential that the majority of atoms within a given volume be in an excited state. Additionally, the environment in which the process occurs must be enclosed by a mirrored surface capable of reflecting photons. As a result, the number of photons within the generator will continuously increase, and it is then sufficient to leave a single narrow aperture through which they can pass, thereby producing a beam of intense radiation.

A distinguishing characteristic of such a system is that, akin to LEDs, all emitted photons possess identical frequencies. Nevertheless, a notable distinction exists between them. Spontaneous emission in semiconductors transpires with phase and directional mismatches. Conversely, in a laser beam, all electromagnetic oscillations are flawlessly superimposed. This phenomenon is termed coherence, and it fundamentally differentiates a laser from all other sources of light.

Lasers emitting at various wavelengths. Source: Wikipedia.

Recall the initial stages of our study on light? It began with rays. However, rays emanating from all light sources gradually diverge in every direction as they propagate, and at a certain distance, they form a large spot. In contrast, with lasers, due to their coherence, this process occurs at a significantly slower rate.

This is precisely why they are utilized as indicators. The concept underlying beam weapons similarly relies on this principle, as well as on the fact that pumping a medium can produce a significantly large number of photons. Furthermore, a high photon density per unit cross-sectional area of the beam corresponds to a substantial amount of energy being transferred to the material.

In essence, the laser is regarded as the most exemplary source of illumination ever developed by mankind. It is therefore not surprising that the United Nations designated the date of its initial demonstration as World Light Day. After all, it was at that juncture that humanity achieved comprehensive mastery over this enigmatic phenomenon, the nature of which had been subject to debate for centuries.

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

This year, humanoid robots have moved from lab demonstrations to the real market. Several companies are already taking orders or beginning their first shipments.

A modern humanoid robot in 2026. Source: humanoidroboticstechnology.com

At home

The robot currently closest to consumers is NEO from 1X. It is a lightweight robot weighing 30 kg with quiet electric motors, designed specifically for the home environment. Unlike industrial platforms, it does not require a specially prepared space and is designed specifically for ordinary homes.

NEO is a lightweight humanoid robot from 1X, designed for home use. Source: humanoidroboticstechnology.com

NEO cleans, organizes items, and gradually learns new tasks through interaction with humans. The first shipments to customers are scheduled for 2026, and this makes NEO a humanoid that is truly moving toward the mass consumer market.

Human-faced robot

Among them all, Ameca from Engineered Arts stands out. It’s not just a work tool, but a platform for social interaction featuring over 50 facial expressions and natural body movements. It’s used in the service industry, education, and media—fields that focus more on how a robot communicates than on what it does.

Ameca is a humanoid robot developed by Engineered Arts that can produce over 50 facial expressions. Source: humanoidroboticstechnology.com

In terms of facial expressiveness, Ameca has no equal among modern humanoids. Conversational artificial intelligence allows it to maintain natural dialogue, respond to questions, and adapt to its conversation partner. This robot comes closest to the image of a robot that, for decades, existed only in science fiction.

For manufacturing

Several platforms stand out in the industrial market. Tesla’s Optimus Gen 2, which stands 1.73 meters tall and weighs 57 kilograms, is designed for factory production lines and home automation. Its estimated price is around $30,000—relatively affordable for the corporate sector.

Optimus Gen 2 is a humanoid robot developed by Tesla for factory production lines and home automation. Source: humanoidroboticstechnology.com

Boston Dynamics’ Electric Atlas sets the standard for mobility among industrial humanoids. Standing 1.9 meters tall with a reach of 2.3 meters, it is capable of working in environments where it would be inconvenient or dangerous for humans. The first batches have already been distributed to Hyundai and Google DeepMind, with subsequent deliveries scheduled for early 2027.

Electric Atlas is a humanoid robot developed by Boston Dynamics for industrial tasks and harsh manufacturing environments. Source: humanoidroboticstechnology.com

What’s happening in the market

Most humanoids in 2026 weigh between 30 and 90 kg, operate for 2 to 5 hours on a single charge, and can carry loads of 15 to 20 kg. The specifications are similar, but their purposes differ: some platforms are designed for factory lines, while others are intended for home use or public interaction.

A common trend is that manufacturers are moving away from flashy demonstrations and toward actual deployment. Some models are already available for order, while others are in the final stages before commercial launch—and it appears that 2026 will be the first year that humanoid robots leave the laboratory on a large scale.

• According to humanoidroboticstechnology.com 

• Posted in News, Tech 

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Scientists have proposed a new method for searching for signs of life on other worlds in the Solar System. Instead of focusing on individual chemical compounds, they suggest analyzing statistical patterns in organic molecules.

This illustration symbolizes the search for specific chemical compounds as biomarkers. A new study suggests that analyzing statistical patterns in amino acids and lipids may be a more promising approach. Source: nasa.gov

Problem with a single marker

The traditional approach to searching for biomarkers involves identifying specific substances: oxygen, methane, and nitrous oxide. The problem is that these same compounds can form without the involvement of living organisms. Meteorites, asteroids, and laboratory simulations of prebiotic conditions—all of them can contain amino acids and lipids, so their presence alone proves nothing.

Researchers from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and the University of California, Riverside, have developed a statistical system based on the concept of ecological diversity. 

This concept originated in ecological theory, where it is used to describe the structure of biological populations: how many species are present and how evenly they are distributed. Scientists have applied the same logic to molecular sets—amino acids and fatty acids.

Infographic showing possible sources of methane on Mars. Microbes are just one of them, so the detection of this gas is not definitive evidence of life. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech. Source: nasa.gov

What the results showed

It turns out that amino acids of biotic origin are more diverse and more evenly distributed than those formed abiotically. The situation is the opposite for fatty acids: abiotic samples show a higher degree of uniformity in distribution.

It is important to note that these patterns remain stable even after the molecules have been significantly degraded. Among the samples studied were fossilized dinosaur eggs—and the statistical signal of biotic origin was preserved in them.

Where and how to use it

The authors specifically highlight Europa—a moon of Jupiter—where radiolysis is considered the primary factor in the breakdown of organic matter in the near-surface ice. Using this specific example, they simulated the degradation of molecules and confirmed that the method remains reliable even under such conditions. It does not replace other approaches, but it adds another independent line of evidence to future research.

“When different methods point in the same direction, it becomes very convincing,” said Fabian Klenner, a co-author of the study. The study was published in Nature Astronomy.

• According to universetoday.com 

• Posted in News, Science

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UFO files: What woman told FBI about ‘alien in earthly form’ in 1967

FBI declassified records reveal a woman's 1967 UFO encounter, detailing her claims of interaction with an extraterrestrial being.

The woman allegedly claimed the extraterrestrial being shared confidential information before eventually leaving Earth.

(Unsplash/ Representational)

Declassified records tied to the Federal Bureau of Investigation detailed extraordinary claims made by a woman who allegedly reported a UFO encounter to authorities in 1967.

According to a report published by The Mirror US, the unidentified woman told FBI personnel she had interacted with a being from another world that had “assumed earthly form.”

The files reportedly describe the woman as a “young white female” who contacted the bureau and later expressed fear for her safety.

According to the report, she would only agree to meet through the FBI’s Dallas field office and supplied a phone number for communication if Air Force officials wished to interview her further.

Also Read: 

• UFO Files: Pentagon archive reveals bizarre ‘eight-pointed star’ caught on infrared camera

The woman allegedly claimed the extraterrestrial being shared confidential information before eventually leaving Earth.

Among the more sensational allegations was a supposed incident over Africa on May 22, 1962, where an antimissile weapon was reportedly fired at a UFO. The object, she claimed, survived because it was protected by a “force field.”

According to the woman’s account, the craft was later brought down, and extraterrestrials were attempting to recover debris connected to the incident.

The claims have not been independently verified, and no public evidence has emerged confirming the alleged encounters or events described in the files.

Also Read: 

• Apollo photos in Trump's UFO files may have answered most pressing question - Are aliens real?

Posting on Truth Social, Trump said his administration had released a “first tranche” of UFO and UAP records in the interest of “Complete and Maximum Transparency.”

“Whereas previous Administrations have failed to be transparent on this subject, with these new Documents and Videos, the people can decide for themselves,” Trump wrote before adding: “WHAT THE HELL IS GOING ON? Have Fun and Enjoy!”

Meanwhile, Jared Isaacman publicly backed the transparency effort, saying NASA would continue to “follow the data” while remaining candid about what remains unknown regarding unidentified aerial phenomena.

{ https://www.hindustantimes.com/ }

Featured Image Credit: Getty stock

Declassified FBI files expose terrifying messages from outer space

Britt Jones

FBI documents have been released, which reveals what aliens allegedly really think about humans, and it’s not ideal.

Remember when UFOs and little green men were nothing but fiction? Yeah, me too.

But apparently, the tin-foil-hat society was a little closer to the mark than any of us would like to admit.

Decades of conspiracies have floated around the internet, putting the US government at the centre of a huge cover up regarding extra-terrestrials.

However, even after documentaries, alleged probing victim statements, and numerous sightings, nothing was ever officially confirmed.

Until recently.

The last couple of years has been major for alien news, with little snippets of information being revealed: namely, that aliens are real and spaceships have been actually seen up close.

The FBI declassified alien files

(FBI)

Oddly, nobody was all that surprised to learn that it was true, but what they might end up getting their backs up about is the new information which shows how these space-beings feel about us.

After the Trump administration ordered a huge info dump to be dropped, with FBI classified files being revealed, it turns out we’re not the greatest species after all.

More like the ants of the universe.

The information is contained in an FBI memo of the 1955 interrogation of the Detroit Flying Saucer Club – a prominent UFO group.

According to the files, Randall Cox, a member of the club, told the FBI that aliens had been sending communication to them, revealing that all other planets had ‘conquered outer space,’ with Earth just left in the dust.

Oh, and they also consider us the ‘lowest form of universal existence.’

I didn’t think I’d have beef with space, but here we are.

"You can't sit with us" - the aliens, probably

(Getty Stock Images)

Anyway, the documents went on to suggest that aliens had been prepping us for their arrival, stating: "He feels the purpose of contacts with Earth is limited at this time to preparing people to receive landings from outer space."

However, not to fear – apparently the UFOs were ‘friendly to the US.’

The files were dropped on the orders of Secretary of War Pete Hegseth under Donald Trump’s orders, leading to some political figures to take a swipe at the administration after it had denied the files existence.

One of the critics, Tennessee Representative Tim Burchett, wrote on X that things are going to get messy, writing: "The 1st drop will be big, but in comparison to what is coming they will be a drop in the bucket. I would say 'Holy Crap' is coming."

{ https://www.ladbible.com/news }

EXCLUSIVE - Top scientist admits universe is 'teeming with life'... and reveals what first contact will look like amid Trump's UFO disclosure

By CHRIS MELORE, DEPUTY SCIENCE EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

One of America's most popular scientists says there is no doubt the universe is teeming with extraterrestrial life as UFO disclosure gets underway. 

Neil deGrasse Tyson, the famed astrophysicist, author and podcast host, spoke to the Daily Mail about the first wave of files released by the Pentagon on May 8 and what secrets could still be coming.

When asked if aliens really exist, Tyson said: 'Anyone who's studied the problem would answer without hesitation that we are not alone.'

'We're made of the most common ingredients in the universe. So life, if anything, was opportunistic, working with the materials that it was given in the early Earth. So, anyone who's studied the problem is ready for the universe to be teeming with life.'

While Tyson, 67, was skeptical that US intelligence officials were preparing to reveal a living alien or the corpse of one, he was certain the world was prepared for the watershed moment when the existence of life on other planets was confirmed.

'Of course, we're ready, because movies have been prepping us ever since War of the Worlds. We've already been told the government has them in the back shed; they just haven't brought them out yet. So, society didn't collapse in the face of that knowledge,' the scientist declared.

With first contact in mind, Tyson noted that humanity would need to take key steps to prove its intelligence to visitors who have the power to travel millions of miles through interstellar space.

That includes remembering a set of key facts he said every child learned in middle school - the Pythagorean theorem and the periodic table of elements.

Neil deGrasse Tyson (Pictured) has revealed what he believes will be the key information alien life would need to hear from humanity during first contact

The Pentagon began releasing the first files related to UFO encounters and the search for alien life on May 8

'Science and math would be universal languages. They would need to know science and math to get here. They don't know English, they don't know Latin, they don't know any of our languages, they don't know our culture, but they'll know science,' Tyson explained.

'It'll be a first step towards endearing them to us, and that we're not just worms crawling beneath their feet.'

The astrophysicist did not believe that face-to-face contact with alien life has actually taken place yet, despite the growing interest in UFO disclosure.

He noted that if aliens had really landed, it would be unlikely that only the government would know, especially with so many cameras and people having access to technology worldwide.

Tyson was also skeptical that aliens would only appear in restricted military airspace, as some UFO whistleblowers have detailed.

'I think a first encounter would not necessarily be with a military pilot. It could just be anybody who's got one of these recording devices. In a first encounter, it could be anybody, anywhere on the Earth.'

However, there was one group of people Tyson said should not receive the honor of making first contact with alien life, flat earthers.

'I'd be scared if the first person the alien found was a flat earther. Then it's like, okay, there's no hope for civilization if they're trying to convince the alien that Earth is flat. The alien would just run home to their home planet and report that there's no sign of intelligent life on Earth. We don't want that to happen.'

Tyson (Left) has released a new book which focuses on the topic of alien abduction and the real-life physics that the scientist said would make these encounters possible

A government graphic, based on witness reports from 2023, depicts a massive ellipsoid-shaped object that witnesses claimed emerged from a bright light in the sky before vanishing 

Newly released FBI files have revealed shocking details of mysterious four-foot-tall crewmen exiting a UFO in the 1960s

Although Tyson has previously stated there has been insufficient evidence to prove that extraterrestrials have visited Earth, his new book, 'Take Me To Your Leader,' is bracing for the possibility of shocking revelations as UFO disclosure continues.

The author described the book, which delves heavily into the realm of alien abductions, as a celebration of how humans have imagined extraterrestrials, while comparing it with realistic possibilities based on physics and biology. It is available for purchase starting May 12.

Tyson added his stance on the question of alien encounters has changed because of high-ranking military, intelligence and government insiders who have come forward with serious claims, including that the military has been reverse-engineering alien craft for decades.

'That ship has sailed, because we had people from deep within the government testifying in front of Congress,' Tyson noted.

However, the astrophysicist noted that he was still taking a scientific approach to the decades-old reports and witness testimony presented in the first tranche of UFO documents released, saying it was not true evidence of alien life.

Referencing alien abduction claims, Tyson said: 'Testimony does not count as evidence. Evidence is evidence. So, if you had a high-res video walking onto an alien ship, and they did an anal probe, that's pretty good evidence.'

'What I want in the disclosure is to disclose the alien. Bring out the alien. If you got one in the back, bring it out,' he added.

Are Humans Alone In The Universe?

Scientists just realised the universe is bigger than we thought — and it changes everything

{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

The UFO files are online and the space aliens are still missing

by Denyse O'Leary

Here they are — the US government documents on UFOs, now unclassified. At last, the conspiracy to hide them is unmasked!

Okay. We would not wish to be persecuted by the Conscience Fairy for deceiving anyone in this matter so let the articulate University of Rochester astrophysicist Adam Frank speak for us about what that really means:

I get up early and starting pouring through them. I click. I read. I watch videos. I click again. And then I realize…

There’s nothing here.

This highly touted disclosure amounts to just an endless parade of fuzzy images (or videos) and unverifiable personal testimony. Some of the documents go back 70 years but it’s all basically the same. Taken as a whole, it’s the kind of thing we’ve seen for decades: fuzzy images; unverifiable personal testimony; no hard evidence. There’s even a laughable image of flashing “orb‘ in a wheat field made by photoshopping a bad cartoon onto to a photo. It was an FBI technician’s attempt to illustrate someone’s account of a sighting.

“The End of UFOs?,” Everyman’s Universe, May 13, 2026

He goes on to complain, “Given the explosive congressional hearings we seen where witness claim the government has lots in crashed alien spaceships and dead alien bodies, I was kinda hoping for a whole lot more. It was all just so… boring.”

The US government probably made a wise call in this matter because almost all of the conspiracy nonsense revolved around the word “classified.” Not any more. Now, if you want to wade through pages of fuzzy nothing, nothing other than your sense of the value of your time is stopping you.

In the US edition of Spectator, David Whitehouse has it right about what secrecy does:

It launched the careers of a new wave of UFO celebrities who fed the growing number of UFO YouTube channels and conferences. There were speaking tours, TV spots and book deals. They fueled the decades old suspicion that there is a cover-up, a conspiracy hiding our contact with so-called non-human intelligence and retrieved crashed spaceships. The key word was disclosure. Stephen Spielberg caught the zeitgeist and his new film, “Disclosure Day,” is out soon.

“The only thing out there is the UFO industrial complex,” May 11, 2026

For all some of the rest of us know, it was pressure from various actors to keep their profitable gigs going that kept the UFO secrecy in place all these years.

Call that a conspiracy theory if you want. But remember, it does not involve any aliens. Just speculations about the hard business calculations from known earthly actors. I could be wrong but it is definitely not weird.

Look, maybe we are alone in the universe. Or maybe not. But real space exploration, the tough stuff, is the only way we can hope to find out.

{ https://mindmatters.ai/ }

260 Giant Monuments Found In Sahara Desert, Where A Dangerous New Gold Rush Is Heating Up

'The biggest El Niño event since the 1870s': 'Super' El Niño is now the most likely scenario by the end of this year ‪—‬ and the humanitarian cost could be huge

A "very strong" El Niño is now the most probable scenario for the October-to-February period.

{ https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/climate-change }

Mars Express

Since its 2003 launch, Mars Express has been exploring the Red Planet with a suite of eight onboard instruments. Consisting of a lander, Beagle 2, and the Mars Express orbiter, the spacecraft has been especially prolific, mapping the Martian surface color and three dimensions at never-before-achieved resolution over the last two decades.

An earlier Mars Express video, captured in October 2025, observed the channel from beginning to end. Yet, this new image captured by the Mars Express’s High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) focuses more tightly on a northern segment of the 1300-kilometer-long Shalbatana Vallis, providing exquisite, high-resolution detail on this intriguing surface feature.

Forging the Shalbatana Vallis

Scientists believe that, as large amounts of groundwater rose to the surface to flood this equatorial region roughly 3.5 billion years ago, that catastrophe produced the Shalbatana Vallis, cutting a winding path through the rock. The main valley cuts 500 meters deep, yet extends about 10 kilometers wide as it meanders across the Martian surface.

As weathering carved the valley, scientists believe this also filled it in over time. The precise materials that infilled the once-deep valley cannot be pinpointed, yet some clues exist. Researchers believe that a blue-black material in part of the modern channel is volcanic ash strewn about by Martian winds.

A chaotic area in the Shalbatana Vallis lies near a patch of likely volcanic ash.

Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin

Unusual Terrain Features of Mars

Other valleys of Shalbatana Vallis’s type abound in the region, which is home to many marks of local volatility. On one side are the northern lowlands, relatively smooth, while the highlands to the south are heavily cratered from ancient space impacts. It also lies near Chris Planitia, likely an ancient ocean, based on its status as one of the lowest points on the Martian surface and the many outflow channels leading into it.

Often accompanying outflow channels, such as Shalbatana Vallis, are scattered rock mounds and raised blocks known as chaotic terrain. In this instance, a section of chaotic terrain appears in the images near the blue/black portion identified as likely volcanic ash. Such features are likely born in the collapse of the surface ground, as water ice below melts, creating instability. Mars Express has previously captured such features in the areas of Pyrrhae Regio, Iani Chaos, Ariadnes Colles, Aram Chaos, and Hydraotes Chaos.

Remnants of impact craters in the area now lie partially obscured by later burial, long-term wear, and even a covering of material ejected during the initial impact. Volcanic activity has, over time, flooded the regions with lava, smoothing many of these ancient features before cooling and shrinking into wrinkle ridges. Presently, a few isolated portions of the earlier surface still remain, now as hill tops scattered through the channel.

Going forward, with the help of software updates that occurred last year, ESA scientists are expected to keep Mars Express operational through 2034, providing ever more data ahead of any potential crewed landings on the Red Planet.

• Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

EXCLUSIVE - Eight chilling never-before-seen UFO videos at center of explosive disclosure battle detailed by insider

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

A battle over UFO transparency has erupted in Washington as 'certain intelligence agencies' have been accused of withholding evidence from the American public. 

Investigative journalist Jeremy Corbell told the Daily Mail there is a 'bottleneck' inside US Central Command where footage of unidentified flying objects is being blocked from reaching officials seeking access to it.

Corbell said some members of Congress are now 'dead set' on forcing the release of the material 'come hell or high water,' with some lawmakers prepared to escalate the fight if agencies continue withholding records.

The growing disclosure battle has now centered on 46 classified military UFO videos that lawmakers recently demanded from the Department of War last month, which have yet to be released.

Eight of those highly anticipated clips appear in Corbell's documentary Sleeping Dog, where viewers are shown brief glimpses of what he described as unresolved UFO encounters collected by the US military.

Corbell stressed the footage shown in the film represents only 'tiny glimpses' of a much larger archive of sensitive material tied to sensitive defense operations and unexplained aerial incidents.

Among the footage referenced by Corbell is what he described as full-color 'satellite footage' and 'full motion video' of mysterious flying objects that he believes Americans 'need to be able to assess' for themselves.

Corbell said the documentary was created not only to reveal pieces of the evidence, but to expose what he called the broader resistance against journalists, whistleblowers and transparency efforts surrounding UFO disclosure.

Congress recently requested 46 UFO videos from the Department of War, and eight of them were leaked to an investigative journalist

The Trump Administration released hundreds of never-before-seen files, videos and images of mysterious craft and witness accounts on May 8.

Read More

EXCLUSIVE

• I'm a pastor who attended a secret UFO disclosure meeting. We saw images of 'translucent beings' that chilled me to the bone... the files could fulfil a dark biblical prophecy 

But whistleblower David Grusch claimed the disclosure effort is already facing resistance from within the intelligence community.

Speaking to FOX News on May 8, Grusch said: 'It has come to my attention, actually, recently as of today, there are some actors within certain intelligence agencies, to include DIA and CIA specifically, that are actually blocking some of the president's, a Presidentially appointed team in getting access and getting control of some of these historical records.'

The allegations fueled outrage among disclosure advocates, including Missouri Congressman Eric Burlison, who warned Wednesday on X: 'More is still classified, and I've seen some of it. If the administration doesn't release it, I will, under Speech or Debate.'

While the release marked the first large-scale UFO information dump under a sitting president, Burlison and other advocates argued the material made public was merely 'low-hanging fruit' compared to what they believe remains hidden.

Corbell told the Daily Mail the footage featured in Sleeping Dog, available on Apple TV and Amazon's Prime Video, was never intended to function as a public 'data dump,' but rather to document the process journalists go through while assessing highly sensitive material provided by confidential sources.

'All you're seeing in the movie is me reviewing some of George [Knapp's] and my confidential information that we're assessing,' he told the Daily Mail. 'Some of what's flashed on screen are glimpses from those 46.' Knapp works with Corbell to investigate UFO materials and speak with whistleblowers. 

He pushed back against online criticism, claiming it was hypocritical for some of the videos to appear in a paid documentary while lawmakers continue demanding their official release.

Shots of the videos are shown in Jeremy Crobell's Sleep Dog documentary

Corbell stressed the footage shown in the film represents only 'tiny glimpses' of a much larger archive of sensitive material tied to sensitive defense operations and unexplained aerial incidents

Corbell argued the responsibility for releasing the material lies with the government agencies that collected and classified the footage, not journalists attempting to protect whistleblowers and sources.

'The government filmed it. The government classified it. The government promised transparency,' he said. 'That debt is owed by them. Not me.'

He added that publicly releasing sensitive footage without proper protections could expose individuals who 'risked life and career' to provide information about the alleged encounters.

Michael Lazovsky, director of Sleeping Dog, told the Daily Mail: 'The whole point of the documentary was to include these moments to pressure and try to provoke the government to release the full raw data of these videos. 

'It takes a huge toll on [Corbell and Knapp], it puts a target on their backs.' 

One clip featured in the documentary titled 'ANAMORPHIS UAP' appears to show a shapeshifting, blob-like object billowing and undulating through the sky as it is tracked by military radar.

Corbell (left) with his partner George Knapp

Another video shows four log-shaped objects seemingly writhing and squirming across the night sky at high speed with no visible means of propulsion.

Additional footage labeled 'FORMATION UAP' captures three glowing lights flying in a triangular pattern while crossing over one another in coordinated movements, again without any apparent heat signature or detectable propulsion system.

That video was released by Corbell on January 30, 2026 and quickly became one of the most widely discussed UAP clips online.

When asked if he believes the 46 videos will be released, Corbell said, 'With all optimism, yes.'

'Congress is behind it. The President put out a powerful statement that doesn’t just mention UFO videos; he mentions aliens and extraterrestrial life,' Corbell added.

'If people are going to follow the President’s orders, then these 46 videos are low-hanging fruit. It’s just the beginning. It’s the floor, not the ceiling.'

Compilation of videos from the recent release of the UFO files

What They Don't Want You To See: Oregon UFO Photos

{ https://www.dailymail.com/sciencetech/index.html }

Aliens are claimed to have beamed messages to Earth with a grim assessment of our species

(Image: Getty Images)

BY Liam Randall - News Reporter

Bombshell FBI documents have laid bare a series of blood-curdling warnings from extraterrestrials who are claimed to view the human race as the "lowest form" of life in the universe. The revelations come as part of a massive UFO data dump ordered by the Trump administration, sparking excitement among truth-seekers and paranormal investigators.

The release features a mountain of previously classified memos, witness testimonies and eerie footage of reported UFO sightings. One particularly haunting FBI memo recounts a 1955 interrogation involving the Detroit Flying Saucer Club.

According to the files, club member Randall Cox told federal agents that aliens had been beaming messages to Earth with a grim assessment of our species.

One FBI memo, dated January 12, 1955, detailed claims from members of the Detroit Flying Saucer Club

The memo says the beings claimed every other planet in the galaxy had successfully "conquered outer space," leaving Earth trailing behind in the cosmic race. Even more insulting, Cox informed investigators that these entities viewed humans as the "lowest form of universal existence."

The documents also suggest the celestial visitors were reportedly prepping the public for a full-scale arrival. It states: "He feels the purpose of contacts with Earth is limited at this time to preparing people to receive landings from outer space."

The FBI was concerned enough to investigate whether the bizarre reports posed a threat to national security. However, the documents describe the saucers as being "friendly to the US."

Club member Randall Cox told agents the group had received multiple messages from extraterrestrials

The file also details a meeting between Cox and agents inside an FBI vehicle on January 11, 1955. Cox claimed a technician at Sandia Air Force Base, John Fry, had successfully piloted a saucer from New Mexico to New York City in a mind-blowing 30 minutes.

While Cox was a prominent figure in the UFO community, his associate John Hoffman, a WWII veteran, was viewed more sceptically by the Bureau. Agents noted Hoffman had been "carried beyond the realm of scientific fact into that of possible scientific fiction."

The FBI noted a striking similarity between Cox's claims and those of Dorothy Martin, a notorious 1950s cult leader. Martin claimed she was in telepathic contact with "the Guardians," who warned that a large flood would wipe out the Earth on December 21, 1954.

The UFO files contain a range of documents, pictures and videos (Image: DEPARTMENT OF WAR)

When the world didn't end, Martin claimed the planet had been spared due to her followers' "light and faith." The incident remains a textbook case for psychologists studying cognitive dissonance, the refusal to let go of a belief even when proven wrong.

The latest declassification was spearheaded by Secretary of War Pete Hegseth under the direction of Donald Trump. Tennessee Representative Tim Burchett took to X (formerly Twitter) to praise the move, taking a swipe at the "Deep State" for previously denying the files existed.

Burchett said: "The 1st drop will be big, but in comparison to what is coming they will be a drop in the bucket. I would say 'Holy Crap' is coming." Hegseth promised "unprecedented transparency" moving forward, hinting that this terrifying look into the FBI's X-Files is only the beginning.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/ }

EXCLUSIVE - I'm a pastor who attended a secret UFO disclosure meeting. We saw images of 'translucent beings' that chilled me to the bone... the files could fulfil a dark biblical prophecy

By CHRIS MELORE, DEPUTY SCIENCE EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

Several pastors who claim they were part of secret meetings to prepare for the disclosure of UFO information have come forward to warn that the long-anticipated files may fulfill a dark biblical prophecy.

The Trump administration released the first batch of documents on May 8, revealing never-before-seen images and videos of strange craft and reports of alleged alien encounters. More are set to be disclosed in the coming weeks.

Pastor Joseph Zupetz and evangelist Tony Merkel told the Daily Mail they were invited to a private meeting in remote Tennessee in February, where intelligence insiders and former military personnel discussed the idea that the unidentified objects could be 'interdimensional beings' or advanced technology.

'At the meeting, I was shown images from one of the presenters' devices of entities that were translucent, standing in a wooded environment, with long arms and legs,' Zupetz said.

He added that the organizers repeatedly compared the coming disclosure to the biblical 'Great Deception,' an end-times prophecy some Christians believe signals a powerful spiritual deception before the return of Jesus Christ.

Until now, the US government has maintained that most reports of mysterious phenomena in the sky have been caused by explainable things, including balloons, drones and even bird sightings.

However, multiple Trump-aligned officials have publicly stated they view many sightings of unexplained phenomenon as supernatural or demonic encounters, rather than UFOs.

Vice President JD Vance, Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna and former Trump ally and friend Tucker Carlson have tied the appearances of strange craft to passages from Scripture.

A video released in the first wave of UFO files appeared to show a glowing object resembling an 'eight-pointed star' with uneven arms moving across the sky

Congresswoman Anna Paulina Luna and other religious leaders have drawn comparisons between UFO sightings and an artist's impression of an angelic being with multiple wings known as the Cherubim

Other files revealed unexplained phenomena above the lunar surface during the Apollo moon missions

Zupetz said he and Merkel were among six Christian influencers invited to the meeting, which was hosted at an Airbnb in the mountains of Tennessee. He said the organizers were 'former military personnel now working within groups that investigate non-human intelligence issues involving UAPs (Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena) and reverse-engineered craft.'

Merkel added that these 'operators,' who were not officially part of the US government, had held multiple meetings in recent months, claiming to pastors that the information about to be released would attempt to discredit the teachings of Christianity as part of the Great Deception.

The group provided details on advanced human technology, incidents of people being taken aboard UFO-like craft and beings of light described as 'fallen angels' - which were all expected to be included in upcoming UFO files. 

Along with images of the mysterious 'translucent' beings, Zupetz revealed that he personally asked the experts about sightings of 'reptilian' creatures, which were reportedly discussed at a previous meeting with other pastors. 

'I asked at the end of the presentation, while we were preparing to leave, if there was any validity to all the people talking about reptilians,' Zupetz told the Daily Mail.

'This person told me that, based on their sources and people they speak with, some in the circles believe this to be true, but had nothing else to share with me on the topic.'

Both men believed that the entities allegedly being revealed in the forthcoming files were directly tied to the biblical warnings of the end times, suggesting that they were demonic in origin, rather than aliens from another world.

'The great lie in this is that these interdimensional entities - the actual UFOs and every kind of supposed alien - are not benevolent,' Zupetz claimed, adding that there was a growing belief amongst Christians that these beings were 'interdimensional evil spirits, fallen angels or demons.'

Pastor Joseph Zupetz (left) and evangelist Tony Merkel both told the Daily Mail they attended a meeting where details of UFO disclosure were revealed in secret

Zupetz and Merkel said they are now warning other religious leaders that the impending images depicting angelic creatures and UFOs, which mirror scenes from the Bible, may push Christians to question how the universe was created and even lose faith in the religion.

Despite the Pentagon leading the interagency effort to release all UFO files to the public, the Department of War's office in charge of investigating UFOs, known as AARO, has claimed that the majority of strange images and videos are the result of misidentification by witnesses and video compression glitches.

However, President Trump has claimed that data the American people would find 'very interesting' would be coming soon, noting that US fighter pilots have told him they were eyewitnesses to non-human craft flying by their jets.

The operators hosting these secret meetings told a different story from the president's, claiming that up to 90 percent of the UFOs people have seen in the sky were actually 'terrestrial' - meaning they were advanced aircraft built by human hands.

'They stated that the government is being told a lie, the government believes the lie and will disclose it as reality,' Zupetz claimed.

'The lie being put forward, according to the hosts, is that as disclosure continues, humanity will be confronted with a narrative about beings coming to raise humanity to a higher consciousness.'

Zupetz and Merkel went further, saying the disclosure had already been set up to paint Christians as the 'bad guys' who were holding humanity back. They claimed that those sharing the UFO files are prepared to claim Christians were close to the truth but ultimately mistaken.

A government graphic, based on witness reports from 2023, depicts a massive ellipsoid-shaped object that witnesses claimed emerged from a bright light in the sky before vanishing 

Newly released FBI files have revealed shocking details of mysterious 4ft-tall crewmen exiting a UFO in the 1960s

As for the true origin of unexplained UFOs or aliens, the religious leaders described them as 'fallen angel technology,' citing biblical references in the Book of Enoch.

The Book of Enoch is said to expand on certain portions of the Bible. Specifically, it mentions 'sons of God' taking human wives and producing a long-lost race of giants known as the Nephilim.

Approximately 200 of these angels, also called Watchers, were said to have also taught humans about forbidden knowledge, such as weapon-making, sorcery and astrology, causing God to punish the fallen angels and wipe away their creations in the Bible's Great Flood.

'I personally believe that what we're dealing with when it comes to the UAP-UFO phenomenon is the advanced staging of the teaching man how to do things they were never meant to know how to do,' Merkel said.

'What unfolded in the book of Enoch was the beginning stages of what we might be experiencing today with very advanced technology, because mankind has now gotten to the point where they're able to do such things.'

Merkel, who had been in contact with the Christian operators hosting the meetings for more than a year, added that the organizers of their meeting said the timetable for the disclosure is 'urgent,' with the most shocking revelations potentially coming by July 8 – the anniversary of the Roswell UFO crash.

'There is going to be disclosure coming, there is going to be a narrative spun, there is going to be, there's going to be such great intel and information handed over, over time, they believe, that it could lead people astray,' Merkel said. 

'Their whole point is to tell people this is happening whether you like it or not, and you need to be prepared for it.'

'We don't know if this is the Great Deception, but if this is the Great Deception, then it's going to be so strong that people who even are professing Christians and believe in Jesus could be led astray.'

{ https://www.dailymail.com/news/index.html }

The Mars Express probe has photographed an ancient valley on Mars once carved out by a catastrophic flood. The images reveal several geological processes that have shaped the planet’s surface over billions of years.

Topographic map of the Shalbatana Vallis channel on Mars. Source: esa.int

A valley as long as the entire length of Ukraine from west to east

Shalbatana Vallis is located near the Martian equator and stretches 1,300 km from west to east—roughly the length of Ukraine. The main channel, about 10 km wide and 500 meters deep, formed approximately 3.5 billion years ago when massive amounts of underground water burst to the surface and rapidly carved through the rock.

Over time, the valley became shallower due to materials that gradually settled on its floor. These include a distinct dark layer of volcanic ash that winds had carried across the Martian surface. The exact composition of the deposits has not yet been determined.

Rugged terrain and craters

Next to the valley, you can see what is known as a chaotic landscape. It consists of a jumble of boulders and mounds that formed when the underground ice began to melt and the surface above it subsided. 

Additional landforms include numerous meteorite craters in various states of preservation, solidified lava fields with characteristic wrinkled ridges, as well as isolated flat mesa-like hills—remnants of older surfaces.

View from above of the Shalbatana Vallis channel on Mars. Source: esa.int

Mars Express in Mars exploration

The images were taken by the HRSC (High-Resolution Stereo Camera), one of the eight scientific instruments on board Mars Express. 

The ESA probe has been in Mars orbit since 2003 and has been mapping the planet’s surface in high resolution, in color and in 3D, for over two decades. 

• According to esa.int 

• Posted in News, Science
  

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

NASA’s Perseverance rover continues its productive journey across the Red Planet, marking another milestone: five years of active operation. To prove how “lively” it is, the rover sent back a new selfie. This is the rover’s sixth self-portrait after landing in Jezero Crater in February 2021. The six-wheeled rover is currently in the midst of its fifth scientific mission, known as North Rim.

NASA’s Perseverance rover took a selfie against the backdrop of the stunning ancient Martian landscape at a location the science team calls Lac de Charmes. Source: NASA

The last photo was taken near the Lac de Charmes region. At the time the photo was taken, the rover was in an area dubbed the “Wild West” by scientists. This is the westernmost point the mission has reached during its entire time on the planet. To capture this image, the WATSON camera, mounted at the end of a robotic arm, took 61 individual shots. The process took about an hour and required 62 extremely precise movements of the mechanism to ensure perfect clarity.

Treasures of the ancient rock

Before the photo session, Perseverance conducted important geological work on the Arethusa outcrop. Using a special drill bit, the rover ground down a section of rock to analyze its chemical composition. Researchers have discovered that Arethusa consists primarily of igneous minerals that formed deep underground from molten material millions of years ago. These rocks turned out to be significantly older than the Jezero Crater, making them invaluable for understanding the planet’s early evolution.

Sky-scraping cliffs and cosmic disasters

In addition to studying fine details, the rover captured a panoramic view of the Arbot region using its Mastcam-Z camera. In these images, scientists identified massive boulders the size of skyscrapers. They were ejected onto the surface during a massive meteorite impact approximately 3.9 billion years ago. Studying these ancient structures will allow scientists to determine whether a global magma ocean once existed on Mars and what conditions may have facilitated the potential emergence of life during the planet’s early stages of development.

We previously reported on how artificial intelligence took over control of the Perseverance rover.

• According to Popular Science 

• Posted in News, Tech

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

Pentagon Dump Of UFO Files Add Intrigue To IL Sightings

The National UFO Reporting Center was founded by noted UFO investigator Robert J. Gribble in 1974.

{ https://patch.com/illinois/across-il }

Perhaps the greatest mystery is not that aliens exist, but that they have watched humanity for so long… waiting to see what we become.

They study humanity not with hatred or fear, but with curiosity. They witness wars, kindness, invention, and destruction.

If aliens are truly observing us, they may not judge humanity by its power, but by its ability to evolve beyond conflict and protect the fragile world it calls home.

Perhaps the real question is not whether aliens are watching us… but whether humanity is ready to be seen.

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Why Aliens Are Ignoring Us

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

Discovery of new alien worlds rewrites understanding of the cosmos

• MORE: FBI files reveal reports of 'four-foot tall' beings emerging from UFOs

By CHRIS MELORE, DEPUTY SCIENCE EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM and STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

Scientists have announced a groundbreaking discovery lurking beyond our solar system that rewrites humanity's understanding of the cosmos. 

A new study led by Princeton University in New Jersey identified more than 10,000 new possible planets trillions of miles from Earth. That included at least 11 worlds described by scientists as 'super-Earths.'

Using artificial intelligence to comb through NASA's old Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data from more than 83 million stars, the researchers uncovered thousands of hidden worlds that had gone undetected for years.

This discovery suggests the formation of planets may be vastly more common than scientists previously realized, including around faint, overlooked stars once thought too difficult to study.

If even a fraction of the new candidates are confirmed, it would dramatically expand the known population of worlds beyond our solar system and strengthen the idea that planets may outnumber stars in the Milky Way.

Currently, the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute has only confirmed the existence of 6,286 exoplanets throughout the galaxy. An exoplanet refers to any world outside of our solar system, from frozen balls to huge gas giants like Jupiter.

To this point, fewer than 900 of these planets have been confirmed using the data on distant stars coming from TESS.  

In their new paper, researchers said: 'Our findings more than double the number of known TESS exoplanet candidates.'

Pictured: An artist's impression of an exoplanet in a distant star system. Less than 7,000 planets have been confirmed by NASA scientists (Stock Image)

The researchers hunted for 'transiting' planets, ones that crossed directly in front of their star as seen from Earth's perspective, causing a small, regular dip in the star’s brightness.

Previous TESS searches focused on brighter stars, which were easier to see. The goal of the new study, published in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, was to scan much fainter stars, up to 10,000 times dimmer than humans can see with the naked eye.

The researchers started with raw data from TESS’s first full year of observations, which took pictures of huge patches of sky every 30 minutes between 2018 and 2019.

They then used the project’s specially processed 'light curves,' which were graphs of how each star’s brightness changed over time, to examine 83 million stars.

To achieve this massive undertaking, the Princeton team trained two common types of AL models, called Random Forest classifiers, to sort through the data on these millions of star systems.

These models learned to tell apart real planet transits from fake signals like eclipsing binary stars or other 'background noise' created in the void of space.

The AI helped flag promising candidates from 83 million light curves, which humans then double-checked.

Ultimately, 11,554 candidates made the list, of which 10,091 were completely new worlds that had never been seen around these faint stars and where spotted transiting in front of their home suns multiple times. Another 411 potential planets were seen transiting only once in front of their home stars.

Pictured: An artist's impression of the Milky Way galaxy. Scientists believe they have discovered over 10,000 new planets outside of the our solar system

Of those worlds, just 11 have been declared Earth-like, with scientists saying these 'super-Earths' may be one to two times larger than our planet, with a rocky surface.

However, the study did not mention if liquid water was discovered on any of the new planets, which would be a key factor in the search for alien life.

It also did not determine if any of the planets sit in the 'habitable zone' of these solar systems, which scientists believe is a major requirement for life as we known to exist.

The so-called habitable zone is also known as the Goldilocks zone, where a planet is just the right distance from its home star, making it not too hot and not too cold for liquid water to form on the surface.

Results revealed that the vast majority of the new planets appear to be gas giants, worlds composed of dense gases such as hydrogen and helium, featuring a thick atmosphere and small rocky or metallic core. In our solar system, gas giants include Jupiter and Saturn.

'This detection demonstrates our pipeline’s ability to identify real, previously undiscovered, transiting planets. Overall, this work shows that large-scale, machine learning–assisted transit searches of TESS [Full Frame Images] can significantly expand the census of transiting planet candidates, in particular around faint stars,' the team said in a statement.

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Ancient secret found in mysterious Dead Sea Scrolls tied to biblical 'End of Days' prophecy 

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

A mysterious Dead Sea Scroll has sparked a startling new theory tying it to one of the darkest periods in ancient Jewish history.

Unlike the other Dead Sea Scrolls, which were written on parchment or papyrus and contained biblical texts and religious writings, the Copper Scroll was engraved onto sheets of metal and seemingly designed to remain sealed forever.

Some researchers believe the strange metal scroll may have once documented sacred wealth tied to a priestly sect that believed it was living in the biblical 'End of Days' before an apocalyptic battle between good and evil. 

Archaeologists and biblical scholars have theorized that the scroll appears to describe caches of buried gold and silver hidden across the ancient Holy Land. 

Its cryptic entries describe hidden riches using vague directions, including references to tombs, cisterns, stairways and buried containers of gold.

Despite decades of treasure hunts and speculation, none of the riches listed in the scroll have ever been found.

Now, archaeologist Shimon Gibson of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte believes the enigmatic artifact may not have been a treasure map at all, but a secret record connected to the Bar Kochba revolt, a bloody Jewish uprising against the Roman Empire.

Gibson argued the valuables listed in the scroll may have been funds or contributions secretly gathered to support the rebellion, which erupted between 132 and 136 AD.

Unlike the other Dead Sea Scrolls, which were written on parchment or papyrus and contained biblical texts and religious writings, the Copper Scroll was engraved onto sheets of metal and seemingly designed to remain sealed forever

Gibson published a bold new interpretation in March, arguing the Copper Scroll may preserve evidence of wealth secretly gathered during a rebellion many Jews believed could usher in a final divine confrontation with Rome.

The Copper Scroll was discovered in 1952 inside Cave 3Q near the ancient settlement of Qumran overlooking the Dead Sea.

Researchers immediately realized it was unlike any other Dead Sea Scroll ever uncovered.

While the broader collection contained biblical manuscripts, religious commentaries and apocalyptic writings, the Copper Scroll appeared to contain nothing more than a strange inventory of valuables hidden in unknown locations.

One entry proposed by translator Józef Tadeusz Milik reads: 'At Khorrebeh, situated in the valley of Achor below the steps leading to the east, [dig] forty cubits: a coffer [full] of money, the sum of which is the weight of seventeen talents.'

Another states: 'In the funerary monument of Ben Rabbah, of Beit Shalisha: 100 ingots of gold.'

The scroll contains 64 such entries, many of them vague and impossible to verify.

For decades, scholars debated whether the document described a real treasure hidden ahead of Rome's destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple in 70 AD, or whether the text was symbolic, fictional or ceremonial.

Some researchers believe the strange metal scroll may have once documented sacred wealth tied to a priestly sect that believed it was living in the biblical 'End of Days' before an apocalyptic battle between good and evil

Some researchers believed the scroll could even reference missing Temple treasure that escaped Roman looting.

The Romans famously carried away sacred objects from the Temple, including the menorah, which was later immortalized on the Arch of Titus in Rome.

But Gibson argued the theory that the scroll contains Temple treasure may not fully add up, Haaretz reported.

He pointed out that if Jews had successfully hidden the Temple's riches before the Roman invasion, it would be strange for the famous menorah to have still fallen into Roman hands.

Instead, Gibson now suggests the treasure could have been linked to the Bar Kokhba revolt, a second Jewish rebellion against Rome that erupted decades later between 132 and 136 AD.

The revolt was led by Simon bar Kokhba, a figure some Jews believed could be a messianic deliverer who would defeat Rome and restore Jewish rule to Jerusalem.

He directed the third major revolt against Rome, which started in response to Hadrian’s restrictions and plans to build a Roman colony, Aelia Capitolina, on the ruins of Jerusalem. 

The uprising ended in catastrophe, with hundreds of thousands reportedly killed and Jewish communities devastated across the region.

That violent era has long been associated with apocalyptic thinking and expectations of divine intervention, which is why some experts see indirect links between the Copper Scroll and 'End of Days' beliefs circulating at the time.

The article discussing Gibson's theory even carried the headline: 'That Darned Treasure Again: The Mysterious Copper Scroll and the End of Days.'

Ancient Judaism expert Yonatan Adler of Ariel University told Haaretz that Gibson's hypothesis is 'intriguing,' saying enigmatic finds like the Copper Scroll invite scholars to think 'outside of the box.'

'Even if we still lack a "smoking gun," novel and well-argued hypotheses of this kind are what move the inquiry forward,' Adler added.

Gibson and fellow researcher Joan Taylor also recently revisited Cave 3Q and reexamined archival records from the original 1952 excavation.

According to Gibson, the team managed to pinpoint the precise location within the cave where the Copper Scroll had originally been hidden.

One of the biggest mysteries remains why the scroll was engraved onto copper in the first place.

Because the metal would crack if repeatedly unrolled, Gibson believes the document was never intended for ordinary reading and may have been designed as a permanent hidden record meant only for select individuals.

More than seven decades after its discovery, the Copper Scroll remains one of archaeology's greatest mysteries, a strange metal document hinting at hidden treasure, rebellion and the final days of ancient Judea.

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Top-secret Air Force jet spotted near Area 51 just days after UFO disclosure

• MORE: FBI files reveal reports of 'four-foot tall' beings emerging from UFOs

By CHRIS MELORE, DEPUTY SCIENCE EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A top-secret Air Force jet has been spotted making multiple trips to the highly classified Area 51 just days after the first UFO files were released to the public.

Flight tracking data recorded a Boeing 737-600, known as a 'Janet,' leaving the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTF), which houses Area 51, at 1.57pm ET.

Roughly two hours earlier, the aircraft made a 40-minute flight into the Tonopah Test Range, an airstrip at the northern edge of the complex, often referred to as Area 52

The latest flight marked the fourth trip for the mysterious plane out of the facility on Wednesday alone, according to public records from flight tracking website ADSB exchange.

The plane is part of the US military’s Janet fleet, which transports government contractors, officials from the Department of War and military personnel to secure facilities containing classified information and technology at the secretive complex.

Overall, this particular Janet has been seen making dozens of flights to and from Area 51 and Area 52 in the days following the historic first batch of UFO files released by the Pentagon on May 8.

Area 51 has been an infamous military location for decades, with UFO researchers and conspiracy theorists claiming that secret government projects have been conducted there since the 1950s.

Government whistleblowers and UFO researchers have both claimed to have seen and photographed unidentified objects flying over Area 51 for decades, many which do not look like normal aircraft or behavior like human-made technology. 

The Janet, designed by Boeing, is a white jet with a single red strip from front to back. The fleet flies contractor employees and military personnel to secure bases housing classified material

Flight tracking data from May 13, 2026 recorded multiple flights of an Air Force Janet plane arriving at the Nevada Test and Training Range

According to Flight Aware, this particular Janet, which the registration number N273RH, has made over 60 trips between Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas and the massive military complex since April 26.

However, 23 of those flights have come since May 8, the day 162 files on UFO sightings, FBI witness interviews, pictures, videos and audio transcripts of unexplained encounters were released as part of the Trump Administration's disclosure campaign.

While Wednesday's flights took the Janet into Area 52, near Tonopah, N273RH was seen landing at Groom Lake at least twice on May 7, the day before UFO disclosure began.

Groom Lake is a dry salt flat in Nevada used as the airfield and runway for personnel arriving at Area 51.

Although the US government and the Pentagon has maintained for decades that there is no physical evidence of UFOs or extraterrestrial life, NTTF has been tied to secret research on advanced aircraft and propulsion technology for decades.

David Crete, a former Air Force Sergeant who was stationed at NTTF, previously told Daily Mail that the F-117A Nighthawk, America's first stealth bomber, was developed and tested at the base.

In February, US Congressman Eric Burlison of Missouri revealed that he requested and was granted access to secure locations, including Area 51, as part of Congress's investigation into UFO-related government secrets.

That same month, President Trump ordered that all information the federal government, intelligence community and military has accumulated on UFOs and alien life must be released to the public. Despite the order, members of Congress have claimed key pieces of evidence are being covered up. 

Area 51, an area of more than 2.9 million acres, is located at the Nevada Test and Training Range

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Huge asteroid with the potential to obliterate an entire CITY will narrowly miss Earth – as scientists warn 'it's as close as you can get without hitting'

• READ MORE: Blow–by–blow account of the dinosaur–killing asteroid 

By XANTHA LEATHAM, EXECUTIVE SCIENCE EDITOR

An asteroid with the potential to obliterate a city will narrowly miss Earth next week, scientists have revealed.

Astronomers say the space rock, called 2026 JH2, is up to four times the size of a London bus and will get 'as close as you can without hitting'.

It is expected to zoom by our planet at an estimated distance of around 56,000 miles (90,000km) late on Monday night.

This is exceptionally close – the equivalent of just a quarter of the distance between us and the moon.

Despite having enough mass to wipe out a city it was only identified by observatories a few days ago, raising concerns about the early detection of potentially hazardous asteroids.

Thankfully, simulations suggest there is no chance of an impact for at least the next 100 years.

Estimates place the size of the space rock between 52 and 115ft (16 and 35 metres) in diameter, and as it passes by it will be travelling at 5.17 miles per second relative to Earth.

'It's the kind of thing that would ruin a city quite efficiently, if it hit,' Mark Norris, from the University of Lancashire, told New Scientist.

2026 JH2 is expected to zoom by our planet at an estimated distance of around 56,000 miles (90,000km) late on Monday night

Thankfully, simulations suggest there is no chance of an impact for at least the next 100 years (stock image) 

The size of the asteroid is an estimate based on the amount of light reflecting off its surface, which means that measurements cannot be entirely certain.

If the asteroid is made of a particularly dark or unreflective material, then it could be nearer to the higher end of the estimate range or potentially even larger.

However, even at the lower end of its estimated range, the asteroid still carries a huge destructive potential.

Experts say if 2026 JH2 did strike Earth, it would cause an event comparable to the Chelyabinsk meteor.

In 2013, an 18–metre (59ft) meteor exploded over the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia, near the border with Kazakhstan.

The resulting explosion was 30 times more powerful than the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, producing a shockwave that travelled twice around the world.

Directly beneath the explosion, 28 miles (45km) above the ground, the heat was so intense that people were left with burns and retinal damage.

Around 1,500 people were injured and over 3,600 homes were damaged, even though only 0.05 per cent of the original rock made it to the ground.

The asteroid is currently around 1.8 million miles (three million km) from Earth in the constellation of Ursa Major

Asteroid 2026 JH2

Estimated size: 16 to 35 metres (52 to 115ft) in diameter

Closest pass to Earth: 56,000 miles (90,000km)

Time of closest pass: May 18th 10:38pm (BST)

Risk of hitting Earth: None

With a potential size up to 35 metres (115ft) in diameter, 2026 JH2 has the potential to be even more destructive – possibly even ranking it as a 'city killer' size asteroid.

However, although the asteroid will pass extremely close to the planet, it poses no threat whatsoever to Earth.

Thanks to careful study by the network of planetary defence telescopes, astronomers are able to make very precise calculations of asteroids' orbits.

While asteroid 2026 JH2 will be too faint to see with the naked eye, it may be visible through amateur telescopes under dark sky conditions.

It is currently around 1.8 million miles (three million km) from Earth in the constellation of Ursa Major.

Earlier this year, NASA's head of planetary defence revealed there are still tens of thousands of 'city killer' asteroids that remain undetected.

Dr Kelly Fast, who leads efforts to find and track near–Earth objects like asteroids and comets, admitted they are still looking for around 15,000 mid–sized celestial bodies which could pose a threat.

While an impact from one of these – defined by being at least 140 metres wide – would likely not destroy the planet, they could 'really cause regional damage', she said.

Estimated to be between 16 and 35 metres (52 to 115ft) across, 2026 JH2 is a similar size to the 20–metre Chelyabinsk meteor (pictured), which exploded with 30 times the energy of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 

And it turns out Earth still has no way to deflect one if we realised it was heading straight for us. 

Read More

• One giant leap for planetary defence: NASA successfully changed an asteroid's orbit around the SUN, new study reveals 

In 2022, NASA deliberately sent a spacecraft called Dart 6.8 million miles into space to crash into a mini moon called Dimorphos at 14,000mph in a bid to alter its orbit.

This mission was hailed as a success, paving the way for defending our planet by knocking incoming asteroids off their set path towards Earth.

But Dr Nancy Chabot, a planetary scientist at Johns Hopkins University who led that mission, said there are no other Dart–like spacecraft ready to launch if an asteroid was suddenly found to be on a collision course with Earth.

'Dart was a great demonstration,' she said. 'But we don't have [another] sitting around ready to go if there was a threat that we needed to use it for.'

POTENTIAL METHODS FOR ELIMINATING THE THREAT OF AN ASTEROID  

DART is one of many concepts of how to negate the threat of an asteroid that have been suggested over the years. 

Multiple bumps 

Scientists in California have been firing projectiles at meteorites to simulate the best methods of altering the course of an asteroid so that it wouldn't hit Earth. 

According to the results so far, an asteroid like Bennu that is rich in carbon could need several small bumps to charge its course.

'These results indicate multiple successive impacts may be required to deflect rather than disrupt asteroids, particularly carbonaceous asteroids,' researchers said.  

Nuke 

Another idea, known simply as 'nuke', involves blowing up a nuclear explosive close to the asteroid.

However, this could create smaller but still potentially dangerous fragments of rock that could spin off in all directions, potentially towards Earth. 

Ion Beam Deflection

With Ion Beam Deflection, plumes from a space probe's thrusters would be directed towards the asteroid to gently push on its surface over a wide area. 

A thruster firing in the opposite direction would be needed to keep the spacecraft at a constant distance from the asteroid. 

Gravity tractor 

And yet another concept, gravity tractor, would deflect the asteroid without physically contacting it, but instead by using only its gravitational field to transmit a required impulse. 

Professor Colin Snodgrass, an astronomer at the University of Edinburgh said: 'There have been a few concepts suggested, such as a 'gravity tractor' to slowly tow an asteroid away instead of pushing it with a kinetic impactor.

'But the kinetic impactor is definitely the simplest technology to use on the sort of timescale that is most likely to be of concern for this size of asteroid, i.e. years to decades warning time.'

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Picture of a flying saucer, contained in a collection of the USA National Archives and Records Administration, there attributed “This item was produced or created on June 4, 1964”.

Photo Credit: Author unknown, Wikimedia Commons

What Does The Catholic Church Teach About UFOs And Alien Life?

The U.S. government on May 8 began releasing files related to unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) — previously referred to as unidentified flying objects (UFOs) — generating nationwide speculation regarding government evidence of extraterrestrial life and nonhuman intelligence. But what does the Catholic Church have to say about it? 

There is “no dogma or formal teaching” promulgated by the Church on the question of extraterrestrial life, according to experts, but prominent Catholic scholars and philosophers have contributed to the discussion around the centuries-old question, one that remains unresolved amid intense public interest. 

For decades “contactees” have claimed to have encountered alien life either in the form of purported alien spacecraft or direct contact with extraterrestrials themselves. But such sightings and experiences have never been “proven” or confirmed by scientific bodies or governments. 

Perhaps unsurprisingly for a topic that in more recent decades has been viewed as little more than an esoteric fad, the Church has never pronounced definitively on the topic of UAP and alien phenomena in general.

But Luke Togni, a professor of religious studies at Saint Maryʼs University in Nova Scotia, Canada, said the Churchʼs official silence on the matter is arguably a statement in and of itself. 

“You might say that the Church hasn’t pronounced on it through a kind of silence around the topic,” he said. “But it has permitted speculation.”

There are some rare instances in Church history where leaders have briefly touched on the question, Togni said. 

He pointed to the Medieval-era Pope Zacharyʼs condemnation of a theory that there could be human life on “another orb,” although Togni said the popeʼs remarks “probably had more to do with a race of humans not descending from Adam” than dispute over alien life in general. 

He also noted the 15th-century Pope Pius IIʼs condemnation of a similar theory regarding other humans on “other worlds,” though the dispute again seemed to stem from whether or not the biblical Adam was to be considered the first human being. 

Still, the overall debate, particularly in modern times, has never been deemed illicit by the Church, Togni said. “Into the Renaissance and more recent modernity there is a proliferation of speculation about alien life,” he said. “That’s never been condemned.”

The issue is increasingly drawing attention and commentary from Catholic philosophers and experts. 

Catholic theologian Paul Thigpen, who passed away in February and who wrote the book “Extraterrestrial Intelligence and the Catholic Faith: Are We Alone in the Universe with God and the Angels?“, told the National Catholic Register in 2022 that he was “convinced” after years of study that a belief in extraterrestrial intelligence was compatible with the Catholic faith. 

“Some Christian theologians of the past have asserted that there can be no intelligent species other than humanity and the angels (fallen and unfallen),” he told the Register. 

“But their reasoning was most often flawed by a reliance on certain philosophical or scientific assumptions of ancient pagan philosophers that have proven to be wrong — such as the notion that planet Earth is the center of the universe.”

In 2024 the McGrath Institute for Church Life at the University of Notre Dame released a documentary examining “the boundaries for Catholic belief” in relation to extraterrestrial theories. The documentary spoke to numerous Catholic academics and researchers, including St. Johnʼs University philosophy professor Marie George. 

George in the documentary disputed the belief that God would create a “teeny tiny Ptolemaic universe” as envisioned by thinkers and astronomers of earlier centuries. 

“If Godʼs going to create a universe, heʼs going to create a really splendid universe,” she said. “… Itʼs going to be marvelous. Itʼs going to mind-blowing.”

In a May 2025 episode of “The Lila Rose Show,” meanwhile, Father Robert Spitzer — currently president of the Magis Center, which “seeks to answer the conflict of science and faith” through both research and Catholic theology — said that if aliens do exist, and if they meet certain criteria such as self-consciousness, free will, and conscience, then such beings would “have a soul.” 

“[If] they would have a soul just like us, then they would be made in the image and likeness of God,” he said while agreeing that such beings would not contradict Scripture. 

Diana Pasulka, a writer and professor of religious studies at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington — who also appeared in the McGrath Institute documentary — told EWTN News that the Church “has not declared UFOs to be real, false, or anything else.” 

“Historically and even recently, prominent Catholics have issued opinions about extraterrestrials, but these are not to be understood as official doctrine or dogma,” she said. 

The early Church theologians St. Athanasius and St. Basil were aware of debates regarding the “plurality of worlds” theory, she said, “but they didn’t venture to make any pronouncements about whether these worlds were populated with extraterrestrial life.”

In later centuries some prominent leaders began to speak more directly about the issue. Pasulka pointed to St. Albert the Great, a 13th-century Dominican friar who referred to the “wondrous and noble” question about “whether there is one world or many.”