Shocking video of a UFO appearing to escape from a US military drone at impossible speed has been obtained from the Pentagon. 

Jeremy Corbell, investigative journalist, documentary filmmaker, and co-host of the WEAPONIZED Podcast, revealed the recording on Tuesday, which allegedly shows a mushroom-shaped craft flying over Syria's Suwayda province in 2021.

In what could be compared to a scene in a science-fiction movie, the drone's camera watched as the object appeared to either be hovering or flying at normal speed before accelerating to near-light speed and vanishing from view.

According to Corbell and WEAPONIZED co-host George Knapp, the video was taken by an MQ-9 Reaper drone and obtained from a source in the intelligence community and the Pentagon.

It's the latest evidence of non-human craft, the investigative journalists said have been leaked from the Department of War's 'vault' containing military footage of UAP, which stands for Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena and is the new term for UFOs.

Officially, the Pentagon has stated there has never been any physical proof collected that would confirm the existence of UFOs or extraterrestrial beings.

However, the newly obtained video appeared to capture a clear example of what Corbell and Knapp called 'observable' behavior among non-human craft. In this case, that was instantaneous acceleration.

Once the Air Force drone's camera locks onto the UFO, the recording shows the object seemingly knowing it had been targeted as it begins to maneuver erratically to break the lock before instantly speeding off to the right of the camera.

US military drone footage appeared to capture a UFO moments before it escaped at incredible speed over Syria in 2021

The recording was made by a MQ-9 Reaper drone (Pictured) controlled by the US Air Force

In their breakdown of the drone footage, Corbell, Knapp, and guest analyst Marik von Rennenkampff watched as the incident was slowed down to just five percent speed to view what the naked eye couldn't catch in real time.

Even in extremely slow replays, the mushroom-shaped craft appears to warp away, stretching across the screen before completely disappeari I ng from the drone's camera.

Rennenkampff, a journalist who specializes in UAP and national security issues, noted this wasn't a mistake by the camera shaking and losing sight of the UFO, as all of the background objects could be seen staying in the same positions they were in before the craft accelerated. 

'The operator rapidly moves the camera to the right. You can see the whole background, everything, the entire scene shifts from right to left,' Rennenkampff explained.

'We don't see that when that object shoots off to the right.' 

The investigators added that military personnel have described other craft appearing to instantly speed away at impossible speeds, calling the maneuver 'inhuman.'

'It breaks our ideas of physics that something can do that,' Corbell added in the February 3 podcast episode.

The WEAPONIZED Podcast hosts emphasized the authenticity of the video, noting that it came straight from military archives that labeled it as a genuine UAP, and added that the camera used advanced technology that accumulates more data than a standard camera or an everyday person's smartphone.

The drone managed to record the moment when the object suddenly disappears, appearing as a faint white streak as it moved to the right

Rennenkampff pointed out that the object flying near the border of Syria and Jordan was also not a drone, revealing that even in an infrared camera, the shape of a man-made drone and the exhaust from its engine would be clearly visible. 

'That most certainly does not look like any kind of conventional aircraft um, that that I can think of,' the journalist said.

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• Pilot told 'good luck with the aliens' after reporting a silver canister-shaped object during live ATC broadcast

The lack of any exhaust or heat trails as the UFO blasted off out of range was yet another 'observable' UFO researchers look for - known as hypersonic velocities without signatures. 

It essentially means an object was seen moving at speeds exceeding Mach 5 (3,800 mph) with no sonic booms, heat trails, visible exhaust, or other typical signs of high-speed travel.

The other observables include UFOs instantaneously becoming invisible, also known as cloaking; UFOs moving from space or the sky to the ocean seamlessly, known as trans-medium travel; and UFOs displaying anti-gravity technology as they hover above the ground.

Rennenkampff pushed back on the thought that the object may an advanced aircraft from an American adversary such as China, saying that if China had such a weapon, they would be able to attack anywhere in the world without warning. 

'If China has this kind of technology, we're all screwed. I'll just be out be honest with you. We're totally screwed. You can just drop a nuke anywhere in the world instantaneously,' he warned.

'And beyond that, what would China be doing flying ultra-advanced technology over the Syrian desert? They have there's absolutely no reason for them to be doing that.

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At the center of our Milky Way galaxy, there may not be a supermassive black hole, but rather a huge cluster of mysterious dark matter that exerts the same gravitational pull. This is according to the results of a study published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Mystery of Sagittarius A*

At the center of our galaxy is a compact radio source known as Sagittarius A*. Its mass is 4.3 million times greater than that of the Sun, and it is surrounded by a group of stars (known as S-stars) that move at tremendous speeds of several thousand kilometers per second.

Image of the shadow of Sagittarius A*. Source: EHT Collaboration

According to most researchers, Sagittarius A* is a supermassive black hole. In 2022, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration even managed to obtain an image of its shadow, consistent with theoretical predictions.

However, not everyone agrees with this interpretation. An international group of researchers has put forward an alternative idea, according to which Sagittarius A* is actually a cluster of dark matter — a mysterious substance that does not participate in electromagnetic interactions and manifests its existence through gravitational effects on other bodies.

Alternative hypothesis

According to a new hypothesis, Sagittarius A* consists of a certain type of light subatomic particles called fermions. It has a superdense compact core surrounded by an extensive diffuse halo, which together act as a single entity.

Artistic representation of the Milky Way, with a dark matter core at its center instead of a black hole. Source: Valentina Crespi et al.

According to scientists, the inner core of dark matter is so compact and massive that it can mimic the gravitational pull of a black hole and explain the orbits of S-stars, as well as the orbits of dust-enveloped objects known as G-sources, which also exist nearby. 

The data from the Gaia mission, which mapped the rotation curve of the outer halo of the Milky Way, showing how stars and gas rotate away from the center, are particularly important for this hypothesis. A slowdown in the rotation curve of our galaxy, known as Keplerian decline, has been observed, which, according to researchers, can be explained by an external halo of dark matter combined with the Milky Way’s disk and bulge, which consist of ordinary matter.

“This is the first time a dark matter model has successfully bridged these vastly different scales and various object orbits, including modern rotation curve and central stars data,” said study co-author Dr. Carlos Argüelles of the La Plata Institute of Astrophysics.

“We are not just replacing the black hole with a dark object; we are proposing that the supermassive central object and the galaxy’s dark matter halo are two manifestations of the same, continuous substance.”

Shadow of Sagittarius A*

It is important to note that the fermion model of dark matter has already undergone rigorous testing. Previous research has shown that a dense core of dark matter would strongly bend light, creating a central darkness surrounded by a bright ring. This way, its image will match the famous image of the shadow of Sagittarius A* obtained by the EHT.

Location of Sagittarius A* in the sky. S7 Source: ESO/José Francisco Salgado (josefrancisco.org), EHT Collaboration

The researchers also statistically compared their fermionic dark matter model with the traditional black hole model. They found that although current data on internal stars does not yet allow these two scenarios to be clearly distinguished, the dark matter model provides a unified framework that explains both the center of the galaxy (central stars and shadow) and the galaxy as a whole.

According to the authors, more accurate data obtained using instruments such as the GRAVITY interferometer on the Very Large Telescope in Chile, as well as the search for the unique signature of photon rings — a key feature of black holes that is absent in the dark matter core scenario — will be crucial for testing the predictions of their model.

• According to Royal Astronomical Society

• Posted in News, Science

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The idea of having children in space sounds like something out of science fiction. However, scientists argue that the issue of protecting the reproductive health of astronauts is not futuristic, but a pressing reality, without which it is impossible to seriously talk about long-term missions to the Moon or Mars, or even further into the Solar System.

The future of humanity depends on protecting the reproductive system from the harmful effects of space. Illustration generated by Copilot AI

The human body evolved on Earth, so the space environment is hostile to our biology. The two biggest threats are cosmic radiation and microgravity. Radiation can damage the DNA of reproductive cells and increase the risk of cancer, while the absence of gravity disrupts hormonal balance and affects embryo development.

Added to this are toxic dust from other planets, limited resources, stress factors, and disruption of circadian rhythms. In the long term, this poses a risk of cumulative damage to the reproductive system and even epigenetic changes that could affect the health of future generations.

What do we know, and what is unknown?

Scientists currently have too little data to draw definitive conclusions. Only limited animal studies exist. Information from astronauts who have been on long missions is insufficient. It is unknown how exactly prolonged stays outside Earth affect male fertility and female reproductive health.

That is why a group of experts led by clinical embryologist Giles Palmer is calling for a comprehensive research program to be launched immediately. “It is very important to prepare for fertility risks as interest in lunar missions and Mars exploration grows,” explains the scientist.

Towards a secure future

Future research should focus on understanding the impact of space factors on each stage of the reproductive process. This will enable the development of effective protective measures, ranging from special radiation shields to fertility preservation methods and medical countermeasures. 

Advanced reproductive technologies, particularly those utilizing artificial intelligence and automation adapted for use in space, will play a key role.

It’s time to act now

Science does not plan to send pregnant women into space for experiments. Research will be conducted on Earth under simulated conditions. However, it is already necessary to establish international ethical principles to regulate this area. The priorities should be informed consent, transparency, gender equality, and absolute protection of the health of future generations. This is not only a matter of science, but also of responsibility for the future of humanity beyond our planet.

Reproduction in space remains a distant prospect, but planning has to start today. Overcoming reproductive challenges is no less important for colonizing the solar system than developing powerful rockets or life support systems. The future of space civilization depends on how we now move to protect what is most precious — human life in all its potential for continuation.

We previously reported on the dangers of sex in space.

• According to space.com

• Posted in News, Science

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A rare type of deep underground earthquake occurring in the Earth’s mantle, which can trigger dangerous surface quakes, has finally been isolated and mapped by Stanford researchers.

The earthquakes in question, known as continental mantle quakes, occur in the mantle layer between the crust and the planet’s molten iron core. A recent study, published in Science, and its accompanying mapping of these regions within the Earth, provide important new insights for scientists studying the complex triggers of earthquakes that can devastate human infrastructure.

A Continental Mantle Earthquake Map

The team’s global map of continental-mantle earthquakes reveals that such events tend to cluster regionally. Two of the main hot spots for their activity exist beneath the Himalayas and the Bering Strait, which runs south of the Arctic Circle between Asia and North America.

Providing researchers with new insights into the crust-mantle boundary and the upper mantle’s role in earthquake events, the new data offers scientists a better understanding of the transport of volcanic magma that drives tectonic movements closer to the surface.

“Until this study, we haven’t had a clear global perspective on how many continental mantle earthquakes are really happening and where,” said lead author Shiqi (Axel) Wang, a former PhD student in the lab of geophysics professor Simon Klemperer at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. “With this new dataset, we can start to probe at the various ways these rare mantle earthquakes initiate.”

While earthquakes that occur at shallower depths are typically associated with more direct impacts on our surface environment, the new research suggests that understanding the effects of deeper continental-mantle earthquakes could provide new insights into Earth science and increase our understanding of how surface quakes occur.

“Although we know the broad strokes that earthquakes generally happen where stress releases at fault lines, why a given earthquake happens where it does and the main mechanisms behind it are not well grasped,” added Klemperer, senior study author. “Mantle earthquakes offer a novel way to explore earthquake origins and the internal structure of Earth beyond ordinary crustal earthquakes.”

For the first time, researchers have mapped continental mantle earthquakes.

Credit: Axel Wang

Our Layered Earth

The mantle and the crust are very different environments. While the crust is relatively cold and brittle, the mantle is warm and soft, extending down for 1,800 miles. The two layers meet in a boundary area called the Mohorovičić discontinuity, or “the Moho.” Researchers debated for decades whether the vicious nature of the mantle would even allow seismic activity.

Typical continental earthquakes occur well above the Moho, only reaching depths of 6 to 18 miles. Subduction zones are outliers, however, whose dense oceanic plates can sometimes push quakes to depths of hundreds of miles. Occasional sensor data suggests that some quakes may run even deeper, perhaps 50 miles below the Moho, and occur not in subduction zones, but under continental land masses.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

One of Earth’s deepest secrets has come to light in new University of Liverpool research that identifies how two vast, hot rock structures in the planet’s mantle produce unusual magnetic activity, shaping the planet over hundreds of millions of years.

What lies in the deepest regions beneath the Earth’s surface is fairly well understood, although humans have only directly observed it at a depth of 12 kilometers. Now, researchers have uncovered new evidence about the magnetic influence of two unusual structures where the Earth’s mantle touches the core, as revealed in a recent paper published in Nature Geoscience.

A Mysterious Boundary

A lack of direct access to Earth’s interior leaves room for uncertainty, as well as new discoveries. One such discovery was made recently when University of Liverpool researchers identified two continent-sized rock structures about 2,900 kilometers below Earth’s surface, located beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean, that influence the planet’s magnetic field. These ultra-hot regions affect the planet’s molten outer core, altering how the magnetic field is generated locally.

According to the new study from the DEEP (Determining Earth Evolution using Palaeomagnetism) research group in the University of Liverpool’s School of Environmental Sciences, working with researchers from the University of Leeds, the rock forming these structures remains solid despite being superheated and is surrounded by a ring of cooler rock that stretches between the poles.

Investigating the Mantle

Similar to how a wind turbine generates electricity, the flow of liquid iron in Earth’s outer core produces the planet’s magnetic field. Inside Earth, the mantle acts as a cold sink for the geodynamo, creating cooler pockets. Although the mantle is relatively uniform seismically, researchers expect significant lateral variations in heat distribution, which could influence how the iron core flows. The DEEP team sought to use paleomagnetic data to better understand this region—a challenging task.

Previous work in this area assumed uniformity or examined relatively short time scales. In this study, the team combined magnetic data with a mathematical model of the geodynamo to investigate its activity over the last 265 million years. Collecting measurements of these magnetic fields and running simulations of the processes that generate them posed major technical challenges.

From the models, the team reconstructed 265 million years of magnetic field activity. The complexity and duration of these simulations pushed the limits of the supercomputers available to the researchers.

Mantle Structures Discovered

The simulations revealed an irregular upper boundary of the outer core. The immense rock structures capped the molten hot spots. Intriguingly, some areas of the magnetic field proved more volatile than others, either changing significantly or remaining relatively stable for hundreds of millions of years.

“These findings suggest that there are strong temperature contrasts in the rocky mantle just above the core and that, beneath the hotter regions, the liquid iron in the core may stagnate rather than participate in the vigorous flow seen beneath the cooler regions,” said lead author Andy Biggin, Professor of Geomagnetism at the University of Liverpool. “Gaining such insights into the deep Earth on very long timescales strengthens the case for using records of the ancient magnetic field to understand both the dynamic evolution of the deep Earth and its more stable properties.”

“These findings also have important implications for questions surrounding ancient continental configurations—such as the formation and breakup of Pangaea—and may help resolve long-standing uncertainties in ancient climate, palaeobiology, and the formation of natural resources,” Biggin added. 

Overall, the team’s work challenges the assumption that the Earth’s magnetic field behaves like a stable bar magnet over long periods. From this new conceptual starting point, the team hopes that going forward, their findings will help the ancient processes that forged our modern planet come into clearer view.

• The paper, “Mantle Heterogeneity Influenced Earth’s Ancient Magnetic Field,” appeared in Nature Geoscience on February 3, 2026.
• Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

Terrifying race to build planet-killing arsenals begins as decades-old safeguard vanishes overnight

• MORE: Terrifying Pentagon report sparks WWIII fears

By CHRIS MELORE, US ASSISTANT SCIENCE EDITOR

The last remaining nuclear weapons treaty between the US and Russia has expired, unleashing the threat of a 'runaway arms race.' 

At midnight on Thursday, the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), signed by both superpowers in 2010, ended as no agreement on an extension was reached, allowing the US and Russia to now build up their nuclear stockpiles without restriction.

Russia has already blamed the US for walking away from the treaty, with Russian politician Alexei Zhuravlev issuing a chilling warning about his nation's ability to single-handedly cause a nuclear apocalypse.

Zhuravlev, First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Defense Committee, said: 'Russia currently possesses weapons capable of wiping out any country, or even completely destroying the entire planet.'

The New START treaty had limited both sides to no more than 1,550 deployed strategic nuclear warheads each, while also allowing mutual inspections and data sharing for transparency.

A limit was also set on the number of long-range delivery systems the US and Russia could have, restricting each nation to 700 active platforms capable of carrying nuclear warheads, including missiles, submarines, and bombers.

Now that New START has expired, both countries are free to build up and deploy more of these weapons without any binding limits or required verification.

Daniel Holz, a member of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, warned that the world has never been closer to Doomsday than it is today, fearing that the end of New START will trigger 'a runaway nuclear arms race' involving multiple countries.

Russian President Vladimir Putin (Left) and US President Donald Trump (Right) allowed the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty to expire on Thursday

A worker prepares the B61-13, a nuclear 'gravity bomb' being produced by the US that is 24 times more powerful than the atom bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan in 1945

Zhuravlev claimed that Russia was willing to extend New START for another year, but the Trump Administration has demanded that any nuclear arms treaty include restrictions on the country with the third-largest nuclear stockpile - China.

'Moscow is playing the role of peacemaker,' Zhuravlev told Russian online news outlet news.ru.

'Washington, however, has often linked this issue to the inclusion of Beijing, which is rapidly nipping at everyone's heels, in the agreement.'

The politician said that China, a close ally of Russia, 'flatly refuses' to be part of any nuclear treaty, as tensions between the communist nation, the US, and America's allies in Asia remain high.

The first New START treaty was signed in 1991 and cut the number of deployed strategic nuclear warheads.

START II in 1993 aimed to significantly reduce strategic nuclear weapons, banning multiple warheads (MIRVs) on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and eliminating Russian SS-18 missiles.

However, it never fully entered into force due to Russian delays related to the US withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, and Russia formally repudiated it in 2002, with later agreements like New START eventually taking its place.

New START was the only treaty that effectively held the US and Russia accountable for reducing their arsenals.

Researchers with the Federation of American Scientists claimed that both the US and Russia exceeded the limits of the New START treaty before its expiration on February 5, 2026

Moscow and Washington, both focused on the war in Ukraine, have not conducted formal talks on a successor to New START.

A new report by the Federation of American Scientists (FAS), a nonprofit global policy think tank, found the US and Russia still possess 86 percent of the world's total inventory of nuclear weapons.

Overall, researchers estimated that nine countries possessed 12,321  nuclear warheads as of this year, with Russia having the world's largest military stockpile of more than 4,300 weapons of mass destruction.

The US followed closely behind with 3,700 warheads in the current military stockpile, a number that includes both active weapons on long-range delivery systems and inactive bombs kept in storage.

China, the UK, France, India, Pakistan, Israel, and North Korea are the other seven nations believed to have an active stockpile of nuclear bombs.

In terms of the weapons ready for launch in a nuclear war, scientists with FAS claimed that both countries had already violated the New START limit of 1,550 deployed strategic nuclear warheads at the start of 2026.

Their report alleged that Russia had 1,718 nuclear warheads deployed worldwide while the US had 1,670.

'The exact number of nuclear weapons in each country's possession is a closely held national secret, so the estimates presented here come with significant uncertainty,' FAS said in a statement.

FAS added that the Biden Administration and the Russian government both elected to stop publicly sharing data about their deployed strategic warheads and launchers in 2023, despite it being mandated by the New START Treaty.

President Trump has insisted that a replacement to the New START treaty must include new restrictions on China, which is believed to have 600 nuclear warheads

China currently has approximately 600 warheads in its arsenal, with a recent warning from the Pentagon stating that the country was arming dozens of long-range nuclear missiles.

President Trump said in January that a replacement for New START will need to curb China's rapid and unchecked expansion of nuclear arms.

'If it expires, it expires,' the president told the New York Times. 'We'll do a better agreement.'

Dr Jim Walsh, Senior Research Associate at MIT's Security Studies Program, warned that the treaty's expiration won't immediately unravel nuclear restraint, but it could trigger a chain reaction with far-reaching consequences.

'There'll be a turn of events a month from now, a year from now, five years from now,' Walsh told the Daily Mail. 'Things always happen in international affairs. There'll be a war, there'll be a crisis.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

Milky Way may NOT have a supermassive black hole at its centre: Scientists claim our galaxy may be run by an enormous clump of mysterious dark matter

• READ MORE: NASA reveals one of the most detailed maps of dark matter yet

By WILIAM HUNTER, SENIOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY REPORTER

The Milky may not have a supermassive black hole at its centre, scientists claim. 

Until now, it has been widely believed that our galaxy contains both a supermassive black hole at its core and a diffuse 'halo' of dark matter.

The enormous gravity of a black hole would explain the orbits of so–called S–stars, which spin around the core at speeds of a few thousand kilometres per second.

Meanwhile, the gentle tug from the cloud of dark matter is said to explain why our galaxy's rotation doesn't slow down dramatically towards the outer rim.

Now, scientists from the Institute of Astrophysics La Plata have put forward an alternative theory. 

They suggest our galaxy might actually rotate around an enormous clump of mysterious dark matter.

Dark matter is the invisible substance that can't be seen by our telescopes but is estimated to make up over a quarter of the universe.

According to the experts, a super–dense clump of dark matter would explain both the violent dance of stars near the galactic core and our galaxy's gentle rotation.

There might be black hole at the centre of our galaxy, but rather an enormous clump of mysterious dark matter (artistic impression), according to scientists 

The conventional theory is a supermassive black hole named Sagittarius A* (artist's impression) at the centre of the Milky Way is responsible for the galaxies rotation, but scientists now say dark matter could produce the same effects

Study co–author Dr Carlos Argüelles, of the Institute of Astrophysics La Plata, says: 'We are not just replacing the black hole with a dark object; we are proposing that the supermassive central object and the galaxy's dark matter halo are two manifestations of the same, continuous substance.'

The key to this surprising suggestion lies in a very specific form of dark matter composed of particles called fermions, which are extremely light subatomic particles

In theory, these particles could form a super–dense, compact core, surrounded by a diffuse halo that would act as a single, unified entity.

The dense core would explain the fast movement of the S–stars, while the outer halo could explain the broader movements of the galaxy on the grandest scale.

'This is the first time a dark matter model has successfully bridged these vastly different scales and various object orbits,' says Dr Argüelles.

Crucially, this theory can also explain one of the most important observations we have of the Milky Way's inner core.

In 2022, scientists from the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration used an Earth–spanning network of telescopes to take the first image of the galactic core.

What they observed was a bright halo of light surrounding something dark, which was believed to be the black hole Sagittarius A*.

The researchers say that their theory is compatible with the image of the galactic centre which is believed to show the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*

Any theory that suggests there is something other than a black hole at the centre of the galaxy needs to explain how this picture might have come about.

Luckily, a recent study conducted by Dr Argüelles and another group of collaborators found that the light generated by matter swirling around a dense clump of dark matter produces an image strikingly like the Event Horizon Telescope image.

Lead author Valentina Crespi, a PhD student at the Institute of Astrophysics La Plata, says: 'Our model not only explains the orbits of stars and the galaxy's rotation but is also consistent with the famous 'black hole shadow' image.

'The dense dark matter core can mimic the shadow because it bends light so strongly, creating a central darkness surrounded by a bright ring.'

According to the researchers, our current observations of stars surrounding the galactic core are equally compatible with the black hole and fermion dark matter models.

However, they argue that the dark matter theory is preferable because it explains the structure and behaviour of the Milky Way with a single unified object.

In the future, more precise observations will be necessary to determine with certainty what lies at the heart of the galaxy.

For example, extremely sensitive instruments might be able to detect the signature of 'photon rings' – a tell–tale sign of black holes that would be absent in the dark matter scenario.

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Origins of Egypt's Great Pyramid upended as new clues point to lost civilization from 20,000 years ago 

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

For more than a century, Egyptologists have dated the Great Pyramid to around 2580 BC, about 4,600 years ago.

A controversial new study now claims the monument could be tens of thousands of years older.

Italian engineer Alberto Donini from the University of Bologna said erosion patterns at the pyramid's base suggest it may have been built between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago, far earlier than the conventional timeline.

Donini's Relative Erosion Method (REM) estimated the pyramid's age by comparing how much erosion occurred on stones exposed since construction with nearby stones whose exposure time is known.

By measuring the difference in wear, he calculated how long the older stones have been exposed, producing dates that far exceed traditional estimates.

The study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, examined twelve points around the pyramid's base.  Some measurements suggested tens of thousands of years of erosion, with the average pointing to roughly 25,000 years.

Donini also proposed that Pharaoh Khufu may have renovated the pyramid rather than built it, potentially revising assumptions about its original authorship.

If the dates proposed by Donini are accurate, the Great Pyramid could predate not only the reign of Khufu but also the rise of any known advanced civilizations, raising fundamental questions about human history and architectural knowledge in the distant past. 

Archaeologist have long dated the Great Pyramid to about 4,600 years old. But an engineer has proposed the iconic structure is much older

The Great Pyramid of Giza, the largest of the three pyramids on the Giza Plateau, was built by Pharaoh Khufu during Egypt's Fourth Dynasty. 

It sits alongside the Pyramid of Khafre, the Pyramid of Menkaure and the Great Sphinx, all shrouded in mystery due to their precise alignment, unusual construction methods, and debated purpose. 

The new study measured erosion at twelve points around the base of the Great Pyramid of Khufu. 

At each point, Donini compared limestone surfaces that had been exposed since the pyramid's construction with adjacent surfaces that were only exposed after the outer casing blocks were removed about 675 years ago. 

He measured the volume of eroded material on both surfaces and calculated a ratio, which allowed him to estimate how long the older stones had been exposed.

Each point produced a different age, ranging from about 5,700 to over 54,000 years.

However, the average suggested a 68 percent probability that the pyramid was built between roughly 11,000 and 39,000 years ago, with an overall average of about 24,900 years.

Donini emphasized that REM does not provide a precise construction date, but rather an estimate of the structure's age range with an associated probability. 

The new stmeasured erosion at twelve points around the base of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Italian engineer Alberto Donini from the University of Bologna said erosion patterns at the pyramid's base suggest it may have been built between 20,000 and 40,000 years ago, far earlier than the conventional timeline

'Although the resulting date ranges are wide, the conclusions indicate a low probability for the official archaeological dating of 2,560 BC,' he said.

The study challenges long-held assumptions about ancient Egypt and has ignited debate among archaeologists, historians and engineers. 

Some scholars have pointed out that evidence for the pyramid’s construction has always relied heavily on textual sources, like the later inscriptions found inside the monument, which may not reflect the original building period.

Donini’s approach differs from traditional archaeological dating, which often relies on historical records, carbon dating of organic material, or stylistic comparisons with other monuments. 

Donini's Relative Erosion Method (REM) estimated the pyramid's age by comparing how much erosion occurred on stones exposed since construction with nearby stones whose exposure time is known

By focusing on the physical erosion of the stone itself, REM offers a method that is independent of historical accounts, providing an entirely new perspective on the pyramid’s age.

The study also acknowledges that many factors, including climate variation, acid rain, foot traffic, and partial burial under sand, introduce uncertainty into the calculations. Despite these variables, the consistent results across twelve measurement points strengthen the claim that the pyramid’s base has endured tens of thousands of years of exposure.

Whether the findings will overturn centuries of Egyptological consensus remains to be seen, but the research has already reopened one of archaeology’s most enduring mysteries.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

EXCLUSIVE - Mysterious symbols spanning the globe hint at a lost civilization 38,000 years ago

• READ MORE: Origins of Egypt's Great Pyramid upended as new clues point to lost civilization from 20,000 years ago 

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

For centuries, mainstream archaeologists have dismissed the idea that an advanced civilization existed long before modern times.

Now, an independent researcher claims he has uncovered 'paradigm-shifting evidence of a lost civilization' that hid a sophisticated code through geometry, symbolism, and monument design across the globe to preserve its knowledge ahead of catastrophic events.

Matthew LaCroix told Daily Mail the discovery, sparked by a recent find in Egypt, links symbols across continents and dates back 38,000 to 40,000 years.

According to LaCroix, this civilization tracked cosmic cycles, anticipated global disasters, and embedded teachings about human origins, the structure of the universe, and divine existence into monuments and sacred sites.

His investigation began after identifying recurring giant T-shapes, three-level indents, and step pyramids carved into ancient stones worldwide.

'These specific symbols that are built in different size proportions, and the symbols are found in ancient stones around the world, are not supposed to exist; no cultures are supposed to have any cross-platform,' LaCroix explained.

The symbols appear in locations ranging from Turkey's Van region to South America and Cambodia.

According to LaCroix, the origin of this global system lies in eastern Turkey's Lake Van region at a site known as Ionis. 

He described it as the earliest source of the civilization's symbols, architecture, and teachings, dating it to around 40,000 years old. He argues it preserves the original blueprint later carried to places such as Giza and Tiwanaku.

The investigation began after finding recurring giant T-shapes (pictured), three-level indents and step pyramids carved into ancient stones worldwide, patterns he said should not exist across unrelated cultures, suggesting a shared origin rather than independent development.

The symbols appear in locations ranging from Turkey's Van region to South America and Cambodia

Recurring motifs, giant T-shapes, step pyramids, inverted pyramids, lions, and sacred geometry, appear at Ionis in their most concentrated form before repeating at distant sites worldwide, LaCroix added.

Nearby, the site of Kefkalesi provides one of the clearest examples of these symbols in stone.

The four-foot-by-four-foot basalt carving, known as the Kefkalesi relief, contains complex iconography that mirrors the symbols found at Ionis, Giza, and South American sites.

'This relief became one of the most important artifacts for my research,' LaCroix explained. 'It connects Egypt back to this region and lets us back-engineer the global pattern.'

He pointed out repeating motifs: 'Here are the T-shapes, repeating over and over. Here's your step pyramid with three doors and the lion right here. These same elements appear repeatedly across sites worldwide.'

Regarding the lion, he added, 'The lion is a guardian, and its placement helps explain the structure of the code.'

LaCroix said the relief solidified his interpretation of the symbols and accelerated his analysis of similar structures at the Sphinx Temple in Egypt.

Mainstream archaeologists, however, date known Lake Van sites to the Urartian period thousands of years ago and say there is no evidence supporting a pre-Ice Age global civilization, and no peer-reviewed research currently supports LaCroix’s proposed dating.

Another nearby site, Kefkalesi, provides one of the clearest examples of these recurring symbols in stone. Circled are step pyramids. The top is pointing to an inverted pyramid, and the center is highlighting a T

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The image, which shows the Sphinx Temple located in front of the statue and closed to the public, revealed what he believes is an inverted step pyramid embedded in the structure

His breakthrough moment came in November 2025, when he re-examined a framed photograph of Egypt's Sphinx Temple he had owned for eight years.

The image, which shows the Sphinx Temple in front of the statue and closed to the public, revealed what he believes is an inverted step pyramid embedded in the structure.

'There, in front of me. It was like I had never seen it before. There was the inverted step pyramid, but the right side had been broken off,' he said.

That realization prompted LaCroix to analyze the entire Giza Plateau, where he identified repeated appearances of inverted step pyramids and giant T-shapes in the Sphinx Temple, Valley Temple and the mortuary temples of Khafre and Menkaure.

Some researchers have suggested the Sphinx was originally carved as a lion before later being reworked with the face of a pharaoh, though the theory is not accepted among mainstream archaeologists.

Using astronomical precession, a slow wobble in Earth's axis, and the Sphinx's proposed alignment with the constellation Leo, LaCroix narrowed the construction date to either around 12,000 years ago, near the end of the last Ice Age, or 38,000 years ago, one full precessional cycle earlier.

He dismissed the younger date, citing theories of catastrophic flooding that would have destroyed surface structures, and instead placed the Great Pyramids, Sphinx, and Valley Temple at roughly 38,000 years old.

Matthew LaCroix (right) told Daily Mail the discovery, sparked by a recent find in Egypt, links symbols across continents and dates back as far as 38,000 to 40,000 years ago. Pictured is a T-shaped symbol at the center of the stone slab

LaCroix said the same architectural layout also appears in South America at Tiwanaku and Puma Punku.

'The temple layout of the Acapana Pyramid, which is in Tiwanaku, is the exact same shape as the stone in those designs themselves, as the temple layout,' he explained.

LiDAR scans of Puma Punku revealed a massive T-shaped design, which LaCroix says reinforces his theory of a shared architectural template. 

'So, Fumapunku and Tiwanaku are like a mirror of Egypt in South America,' he said.

He also identified step pyramid designs inside the mortuary temples of Khafre and Menkaure (left)

The patterns he said should not exist across unrelated cultures, suggesting a shared origin rather than independent development

He also suggested that the lost civilization's messages were to tell humanity about the universe. The left symbolized the underworld, the center for reality andthe  right signified the spiritual world

At the center of LaCroix's interpretation is what he calls a cosmogram, an ancient geometric model representing the structure of the universe.

According to LaCroix, symbols such as three-level step pyramids, inverted pyramids, and T-shapes encode layered realities: the non-physical underworld, the physical realm, and the celestial realms.

'The left door represents the realm of reality called the underworld, or non-physical realm of reality,' he explained. 'Its counter, on the opposite, is the right door, which is the celestial realms of reality, where the angels are.'

The central vertical axis of the T symbol represents the 'middle door' that balances the system, a concept often referred to in ancient cosmology as the axis mundi, or central point connecting all realms.

'They're showing us how all of reality works, and how it all balances,' LaCroix said.

He tied this framework to preserved Egyptian traditions, particularly Hermeticism, an ancient spiritual and philosophical system attributed to Hermes Trismegistus that emphasizes humanity's connection to the cosmos, the divine, and hidden knowledge.

LaCroix believes the ancient code was deliberately hidden to preserve knowledge humanity later inverted.

Speaking philosophically, he added: 'Guess what, spoiler alert, we're doing everything basically the inverse opposite of what we're supposed to,' he warned.

He said the evidence suggests humans were once understood as divine and interconnected with all existence.

'We have ancient proof that shows that we're a divine being that's connected to the all, and a part of everything... we're supposed to be living in harmony with the Earth and the universe,' LaCroix said.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

Overheid erkent bestaan van UFO’s en niet-menselijke biologisch materiaal: Een wetenschappelijke en gestructureerde analyse

Inleiding

Op 26 juli 2023 vond in de Verenigde Staten een historisch moment plaats in de context van onopgeloste luchtfenomenen (UAP): de Amerikaanse Kamercommissie voor Toezicht en Hervormingen hield een hoorzitting waarin voor het eerst officiële getuigen werden gehoord over de gedeeltelijke verwerking van bewijs dat mogelijk niet-menselijke herkomst heeft. Deze gebeurtenis markeerde een belangrijke verschuiving in de openbaarheid en de transparantie rondom UAP-kwesties, waarin niet alleen technische observaties werden besproken, maar ook materiële bewijzen die de hypothese van niet-aardse intelligentie ondersteunen. Deze paper heeft tot doel dit incident wetenschappelijk te analyseren, de kernclaims te evalueren, en de bredere implicaties voor wetenschap, beleid en samenleving te bespreken.

Context en achtergrond

De erkenning door de Amerikaanse inlichtingendiensten en overheidsinstanties van UAP-problemen is niet nieuw. Sinds de publicatie van de rapporten van het Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) in juni 2021, zijn verschillende rapportages vrijgegeven die bevestigen dat UAP nog steeds voorkomen in Amerikaanse luchtruim en dat een substantieel deel van deze waarnemingen niet kan worden verklaard door bestaande verklaringsmodellen. De rapportages benadrukken dat sommige incidenten onverklaarbaar zijn op basis van bekende technologische of natuurlijke verklaringen, en dat daarnaast sprake is van sensorfouten of misinterpretaties.

In 2022 werd de All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) opgericht, gericht op het systematisch onderzoeken en catalogiseren van UAP's over meerdere domeinen (luchtruim, ruimte, onderwater en cyber). Tot dusverre beperkte communicatie bleef zich vooral richten op technische gegevens en waarnemingen, zonder expliciete vermelding van fysiek bewijs dat verder gaat dan radar- en videobeelden.

De recente publicatie van de getuigenverklaring door voormalig inlichtingenofficier David Grusch markeert een uitzondering op deze trend door te stellen dat er biologisch materiaal is teruggevonden dat niet van menselijke aard blijkt te zijn. Deze verklaring geeft nieuw inzicht in de aard van het bewijs dat tijdens UAP-incidenten zou zijn verzameld.

Testimonie en kernclaims

Tijdens de hoorzitting bevestigde David Grusch dat de Amerikaanse overheid biologisch materiaal heeft gevonden op plaatsen waar UAP’s werden geborgen. Volgens zijn verklaring bevat dit biologisch materiaal “non-human biologics”, hetgeen impliceert dat er stoffelijke resten en andere biologische resten zijn die niet van mensen of aardse fauna afkomstig zijn. Grusch benadrukte dat deze biologisch materiaal in verband staat met UAP-crashsites en dat de beoordeling door direct betrokkenen bevestigt dat deze niet-menselijk zijn.

Wanneer er werd gevraagd of er daadwerkelijk lichamen van niet-menselijke wezens zijn gevonden, antwoordde Grusch dat dergelijke biologisch materiaal samen met enkele van de teruggevonden UAP’s werd aangetroffen. Hij verduidelijkte dat de aard van deze biologics is vastgesteld op niet-menselijk op basis van vergelijkingen met menselijke biologisch materiaal, genetische analyses en andere forensische methoden.

Cruciaal was dat Grusch aangaf dat de meest gevoelige details, zoals videobeelden, foto’s en getuigenverklaringen, opgeslagen zijn in beveiligde faciliteiten die niet toegankelijk zijn voor het publiek, en dat hij geen informatie kon verschaffen over mogelijke contactmomenten met intelligente buitenaardse entiteiten wegens classificatiebeperkingen.

Wetenschappelijke interpretatie van de claims

De bewering dat biologisch materiaal niet-menselijk is en wordt gevonden op UAP-incidenten is bijzonder relevant vanuit wetenschappelijk perspectief. Het bestaan van fysiek bewijs dat niet-ganse oorsprong heeft, zou impliceren dat de theorieën over de aanwezigheid van buitenaardse technisch- of biologisch materiaal niet langer louter speculatief zijn, maar mogelijk onderbouwd worden door tastbare resten.

De mogelijke identificatie van niet-aardse biologics roept belangrijke vragen op over:

• Genetica: Zijn de genetische codes uniek en afwijkend van bekend terrestrisch biologisch materiaal?
• Biochemie: Bevat het biologisch materiaal onbekende biomoleculen of structuren?
• Fysische kenmerken: Welke fysische eigenschappen vertonen deze materialen, zoals structuur, stabiliteit en resistentie?
• Oorsprong: Zijn de biologisch resten van buitenaardse afkomst, of kunnen ze mogelijk van andere niet-terrestische bronnen of phenomena zijn?

Het wetenschappelijke beleid vereist dat dergelijke claims worden bevestigd door systematische, peer-reviewed analyses. Onderzoekers moeten laboratoriumtests uitvoeren die vergelijkingen maken met terrestrische biologische systemen en genetische sequencing om de niet-menselijke aard ervan vast te stellen.

Relevante technologische en wetenschappelijke factoren

De bewuste opslag van bewijs in beveiligde faciliteiten, zoals SCIFs (Sensitive Compartmented Information Facilities), en de afscherming van gevoelige gegevens onderstrepen de ernst van de implicaties. Het feit dat de Amerikaanse overheid bereid lijkt te zijn enige vorm van bewijs te delen onder strikte voorwaarden, geeft aan dat bewijsstukken van grote onzekerheids- en gevoeligheidswaarde zijn.

Daarnaast is de analyse van biologisch materiaal complex. Moderne biotechnologieën zoals next-generation sequencing (NGS) en proteomica kunnen worden ingezet om de oorsprong en samenstelling van biologisch materiaal te achterhalen. De toepassing van genetische en biochemische methoden vergemakkelijkt het onderscheiden van terrestrische van niet-terrestrische herkomst.

Wat betreft de detectie en analyse van UAP’s wordt ook gebruik gemaakt van geavanceerde sensor- en radarapparatuur, gecombineerd met beeldvormende technieken zoals infrarood en ultrasoon scans. De integratie van deze data in een holistisch systeem kan bijdragen aan het bevestigen van de fysische aanwezigheid van de vermeende biologics, en de relatie met visuele waarnemingen en crashlocaties.

Methodologie en bewijsvereisten

Volgens de principes van de wetenschappelijke methode moeten alle niet-menselijke biologisch materiaal worden onderworpen aan rigoureuze testen, waaronder:

• Genetische analyse: identificatie van DNA- of RNA-sequenties, vergelijkingen met bestaande genetische databases.
• Biochemisch onderzoek: isolatie van biomoleculen en analysen om unieke kenmerken te ontdekken.
• Fysische karakterisering: microscopie, spectroscopie, en materiaaleigenschappen.
• Herhaalbaarheid: onafhankelijke verificatie door verschillende laboratoria.
• Peer review: publicatie in wetenschappelijke tijdschriften en bespreking binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap.

Het ontbreken van transparantie over de exacte aard van het bewijs blijft vooralsnog een knelpunt. Echter, de claim dat biologies niet-menselijk zouden zijn, moet worden beschouwd als een definitief bewijsstuk dat mogelijk de fundamenten van onze kennis over niet-aardse aanwezigheid kan herzien.

Het ministerie van Defensie heeft op 27 april 2020 drie niet-geclassificeerde video's van de marine uit 2004 en 2015 vrijgegeven waarin “onidentificeerbare luchtfenomenen” te zien zijn. (DOD/vrijgegeven)
26 oktober 2022 Elizabeth Lawrence en Ryan Morgan

Implicaties voor beleid, wetenschap en samenleving

De bevestiging door de overheid dat biologisch materiaal niet-menselijk is, heeft verstrekkende gevolgen:

• Veiligheid en nationale veiligheid: Het ontdekken van fysiek bewijs van niet-menselijke biologics roept vragen op over de beheersing van deze fenomenen en de beschermingsprocedures voor militair en civiel personeel.
• Wetenschappelijke onderzoeksrichtingen: Er ontstaat een dringende behoefte aan multidisciplinaire samenwerking tussen biologen, genetici, fysici en astrobiologen om het materiaal te analyseren en de oorsprong ervan te bepalen.
• Ethische en juridische aspecten: De herkomst en het gebruik van biologisch materiaal van niet-menselijke oorsprong brengen ethische kwesties met zich mee, evenals regelgeving omtrent het beheer en de vernietiging ervan.
• Publieke perceptie: De publieke verwachting dat de overheid openheid zal geven, wordt versterkt. Tegelijkertijd blijven veel details gesloten vanwege nationale veiligheid in het belang van verzameling en analyse.

De politieke reactie is eveneens merkbaar: legio wetgevende initiatieven worden voorbereid, die onder meer het catalogiseren van artefacten en het vergroten van onderzoeksbudgetten omvatten. Deze maatregelen kunnen de komende jaren leiden tot een verdere transparantie en wetenschappelijke doorbraken.

Kritische beoordeling en wetenschappelijke maakbaarheid

Hoewel de claims van de getuige serieus genomen moeten worden, is het fundament voor conclusies nog onzeker en vereist gedegen wetenschappelijke verificatie. Het principe van “extraordinairy claims require extraordinary evidence” geldt ook hier, en het is van groot belang dat pilotstudies en experimentele analyses worden uitgevoerd.

De gecombineerde inzet van genetische, biochemische en fysische technieken geeft ruimte voor een robuuste aanpak, maar de geheime aard van de bewijzen en de beperkte toegang tot de gegevens vormen een barrière voor de bredere wetenschappelijke gemeenschap. Het ontbreken van openheid ondermijnt mogelijk de betrouwbaarheid en het toetsbare karakter van het onderzoek.

Bovendien moeten falsifieerbare hypotheses worden ontwikkeld om de claims te kunnen begrenzen en te bevestigen of te weerleggen.

Conclusie

De recente getuigenverklaring en de bijbehorende claims over het bestaan van niet-menselijk biologisch materiaal uit UAP-incidenten vertegenwoordigen een significante ontwikkeling in de wereldwijde discussie over buitenaardse intelligentie en technologische fenomenen. Vanuit wetenschappelijk perspectief benadrukken deze claims de noodzaak tot systematische, peer-reviewed analyse en internationale samenwerking in het onderzoeksveld.

De erkenning door overheden van fysiek bewijs dat niet van menselijke aard lijkt te zijn, kan mogelijk bijdragen aan een paradigmaverschuiving in onze kennis over het universum en de plaats van de mens daarin. Tegelijkertijd onderstrepen de geheime aard en de classificatie van dergelijke bewijzen de complexiteit en de gevoeligheid van de problematiek.

Vooruitkijkend is het van essentieel belang dat de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap, beleidsmakers en samenleving gezamenlijk streven naar transparantie, verantwoording en een rationele aanpak gebaseerd op bewijs. Alleen door een dergelijke multidisciplinaire en wetenschappelijk verantwoorde aanpak kunnen de implicaties van deze ontdekking adequaat worden begrepen en geïntegreerd in onze wereldbeschouwing.

Bronvermelding

• Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). (2021). Annual UAP Report.
• U.S. House Oversight Committee. (2023). Hoorzitting "Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency."
• Grusch, D. (2023). Verklaring tijdens hoorzitting.
• Wetenschappelijke literatuur over genetische analyse, biochemie en fysische karakterisering van biologisch materiaal.
• Overheidsdocumenten en rapporten betreffende UAP-onderzoeken en geheimhouding.

Opmerking

• Deze analyse benadrukt het belang van verdere, transparante en wetenschappelijk verantwoorde onderzoeken om de ware aard en de implicaties van de waargenomen niet-menselijke biologisch materiaal te begrijpen. Alleen door een kritisch en openwetenschappelijk proces kunnen wij de ware omvang van deze fenomenen vaststellen en integreren in onze kennis over het universum en de mogelijke buitenaardse aanwezigheid.

{ Peter2011 }