UFOs and Flying Triangles: And One of the Most Important Government UFO Documents
My previous article was on the matter of U.K. police officer Colin Perks, who had a close encounter, late at night, in 1966. Today, I'm going to share with you an even more important case. With that said, let's begin. While digging through a whole host of formerly classified files on UFOs at the U.K. National Archives, I came across a one-page report dated 28 March 1965 that, I confess, I almost overlooked. On closer inspection, however, I realized that it was potentially one of the most important UFO-related documents that I had ever come across. According to the MoD paperwork, on the night in question one Jeffrey Brown saw at approximately 9.30 p.m. over moor-land near Richmond, North Yorkshire: "Nine or ten objects – in close triangular formation each about 100ft long – orange illumination below – each triangular in shape with rounded corners, making low humming noise."
Interestingly, the "rounded corners" and "low humming noise" are precisely what many witnesses to Flying Triangle-style UFO encounters are reporting today – in a world-wide capacity, no less. Recognizing the significance of this, I made a photocopy of the document and set about locating Jeffrey Brown. This did not prove to be a difficult task, as he still resides at the same address that he was living in 1965. I introduced myself and explained that I had located at the National Archives a copy of the original report that dealt with his sighting all those years ago. It is fair to say that Jeffrey Brown was shocked, to say the least, to find that details of his long-gone encounter had been kept on file by the MoD for more than thirty years.
"Yes, I did send in a report all those years ago," Brown said to me, "but I didn’t think they would have kept it all this time," he told me, with astonishment in his voice. Today, employed as a clerk by the Ministry of Defense (the very people who investigated his UFO sighting in 1965), he relates the facts of his incredible encounter. As Jeffrey Brown explains, on 28 March 1965 at approximately 9.30 p.m., he had been driving through the North Yorkshire moors; on approaching the village of Skeeby, near Richmond, however, the engine of his car began to splutter and die. "It was a 1951 Ford," he stated, adding with some humor, "and it was a good car but a bit unpredictable at times. I didn’t want to break down on the moor because it was icy cold and the nights were still dark. I got out of the car to have a look at the engine and that’s when I saw this light." Brown continues. ‘At first, because it was so dark, I wondered if it might be a weather balloon. But then I had a good look at it over the hedge and realised how big it was and how low down it was. It was about one hundred feet from end-to-end, about one hundred feet above the moors and shaped like a huge triangle and white, milky-white in colour. It kept coming towards me and then stopped about two hundred yards from me over the moors. It hovered for a while – nothing came out of it, but there was a light below it that just pulsated like a light bulb. There could have been quite a few lights on it but from a distance the light just looked like a glow. Then without a warning, it just took off at a speed that isn’t recognised. Good gracious, I thought, it must be a UFO."
"As it shot up, not vertically but at an angle, it joined a group of others that were identical and that were in a triangular or V-formation. The others were very, very high; a whole fleet of them. They all then headed south, I think, at a tremendous speed and disappeared over the horizon. I saw the main one for no more than a couple of minutes,’ Brown recalls, "but after they had gone I was still stood by the moor watching this fleet disappear. I waited in case something else exciting happened, but of course it didn’t." Curiously, shortly after the encounter and after having reported the incident to the Ministry of Defence at Whitehall, Jeffrey Brown began to notice ‘awful red marks on my skin which were like a stretch mark, but they were like a deep salmon red and they kept coming and going. But I didn’t have them before." The most bizarre angle of the entire episode was still to come, however, as Brown now graphically illustrates. "For about eighteen months after the sighting, I would get strange telephone calls from people. These would be every two or three months. They just phoned out of the blue but didn’t introduce themselves. They just said they were from some bureau or other. They didn’t mention the name of the bureau but kept mentioning “sightings” and asked whether I had seen anything else strange. Had any men come to interview me?"
Jeffrey Brown was never visited by anyone with regard to his Flying Triangle encounter, nor did the MoD ever offer an explanation as to what it was that he saw on that fateful night in March 1965. To this day, however, that series of strange and unnerving telephone calls continues to mystify Brown, primarily because aside from informing the MoD of what had occurred, he made no other report – either official or unofficial – with anyone and kept the details to himself; as he is at pains to point out. "The only report I ever made was the one I sent to the MoD. It was so exciting that I had to tell someone." Jeffery Brown’s important testimony raises a number of vital questions. Why was someone so determined to find out if he had received any strange visits with regard to his encounter? Why the interest in knowing if he had had any other unusual encounters of a UFO nature? And most important of all: who was his mysterious caller? Now, let's take a look at today's "Flying Triangle"-type of UFO. In their 1988 book, Night Siege, authors Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Philip J. Imbrogno and Bob Pratt wrote: “Can 7,000 eyewitnesses be wrong? They were there to witness the huge, hovering object in the sky, the flashing lights, the eerie silence. They are ordinary people from all walks of life: stay-at-home moms, kids, business people, engineers. They tell their stories here, and they all agree on one thing: they saw the same massive object cruising over their backyards. And it was like nothing they had seen before…”
At the time when the Hudson Valley encounters were at their peak, it was reasonably assumed by UFO researchers just about here, there and everywhere that aliens had invaded and were scoping out the area to a massive degree. When, however, the Stealth planes were unleashed in 1988 – planes that looked eerily like the Hudson Valley “UFOs,” more than a few of those same ufologists came to wonder if what was seen over Hudson Valley was actually a top secret variation on the Stealth Fighter and the Stealth Bomber. Regardless of whether or not the Hudson Valley UFOs originated in the United States, or on a world far, far away, one of the most intriguing revelations that surfaced when the Stealth planes were revealed was the startling fact that they had been secretly flying not just for a few years, but since the 1970s – at Area 51. And, the secret (the top secret) had been skillfully contained for more than a decade.
In July 1997, the Staffordshire, U.K., town of Rugeley was once again the targeted by mysterious activities. The now-deceased Omar Fowler, a Derby based UFO investigator, was given the details by the witness. "[His] attention was attracted by a noise similar to a high-revving two-stroke engine outside his home,’ states Fowler. ‘He went outside in the darkness and saw hovering lights approximately one hundred and fifty yards away and one hundred and fifty feet up from the ground. [He] went indoors and fetched his binoculars and was able to make out the shape of a black helicopter in the vicinity of the lights. [He] had a night vision scope indoors and he returned with this a few minutes later. He then viewed the aircraft again. He saw the helicopter clearly, as it was illuminated by the flashing strobe and navigation lights. He described it as being similar to the Airwolf from the TV series.
"He then switched on the infrared beam and immediately noticed that there was a completely blacked out, triangular craft adjacent to the helicopter. “I couldn’t believe my eyes!” he commented. The triangle, which was a similar size to the helicopter, reflected light from the strobe/navigation lights and appeared to have no visible means of support in the hovering mode (no noise was heard). He began to approach the two hovering craft, while looking through his night scope. It is a foregone conclusion that the helicopter was equipped with night vision equipment, because as [he] approached, the helicopter suddenly moved away at an incredible rate of knots. It disappeared like a rocket. The triangle remained for a moment and then moved away and out of sight!" In this particular instance, the presence of an apparent military helicopter in close proximity to the UFO suggests the strong possibility that the Flying Triangle was some form of wholly terrestrial aircraft undergoing secret trials. Aurora? And a black helicopter developed at Area 51? Very possibly.
Now, let's take a look at another angle of all this: One of the more interesting documents that demonstrates post-1969 interest in the UFO puzzle focuses on those strange Flying Triangles - specifically over Belgium in the 1989-1990 time-frame. It originates with the U.S. Department of Defense and is titled "Belgium and the UFO Issue." Circulated widely among the U.S. Intelligence community, it reveals the following: "Numerous UFO sightings have been made in Belgium since Nov 89. The credibility of some individuals making the reports is good...Investigation by BAF [Belgian Air Force] continues."
"Source A cites Mr. Leon Brenig,a 43-year-old professor at the Free University of Brussels in the field of statistics and physics...Mr. Brenig was driving on the Ardennes autoroute in the Beaufays region east of Liege, Sunday, 18 March 1990 at 2030 hours when he observed an airborne object approaching in his direction from the North. It was in the form of a triangle...and had a yellow light surrounding it with a reddish center varying in intensity. Altitude appeared to be 500-1000 meters, moving at a slow speed with no sound. It did not move or behave like an aircraft." "Source B," the document reveals, "...discusses a Belgian television interview with Colonel Wil De Brouwer, Chief of Operations for the BAF...De Brouwer noted the large number of reported sightings, particularly in NOV 89 in the Liege area and that the BAF and MOD [Ministry of Defense] are taking the issue seriously. BAF experts have not been able to explain the phenomena either."
Moving on, we have the following: "De Brouwer specifically addressed the possibility of the objects being USAF B-2 or F-117 Stealth aircraft which would not appear on Belgian radar, but might be sighted visually if they were operating at low altitude in the Ardennes area. He made it quite clear that no USAF overflight requests had ever been received for this type of mission and that the alleged observations did not correspond in any way to the observable characteristics of either U.S. aircraft." We're then provided with the story of a very credible source: "[Deleted] related a similar UFO sighting which apparently happened to a Belgian Air Force officer in the same area near Liege during November 89. The officer and his wife were allegedly blinded by a huge bright object as they were driving on the autoroute. They stopped their car, but were so frightened they abandoned the vehicle and ran into the woods...The BAF is concerned to a point about the UFO issue and is taking action to investigate information they have...The USAF did confirm to the BAF and Belgian MOD that no USAF Stealth aircraft were operating in the Ardennes area during the periods in question."
Now, we get to the really important part of all this. Most people - ufologists and aviation experts - accept there are what we call secret "Flying Triangles" flying around. But, what's really intriguing is this: way back in the mid-1960s, Jeffery Brown described seeing a squadron of Flying Triangles - but they were not supposed to be around until the 1980s. The document - now in the U.K. National Archives - makes it very clear, however, that Flying Triangles (with the rounded corners, with the sickly humming noise, and with the three lights below the body of the craft) were around in the 1960s. It's hard to believe there were squadrons of Flying Triangles back in 1965. But, that's how it looks. Unless, the U.K. government had numerous Flying Triangles. It's hard to figure it all out. But, the Jeffery Brown testimony (and official document) suggests we're nowhere sure understanding the full story of the Flying Triangles. Of course, there's another angle: the Flying Triangles are piloted by extraterrestrials. And, have been for a long, long time...
Meet the 'Golden Boy' mummy: Teenager was buried with 49 amulets 2,300 years ago - including one next to his PENIS, study reveals
Most of us know someone who is a bit of a mummy's boy.
But scientists have discovered a 2,300-year-old teenager who takes the crown – after being buried with 49 precious amulets.
Researchers from Cairo University used CT scans to 'digitally unwrap' a mummy who had been discovered more than 100 years ago in a cemetery in Nag el-Hassay in southern Egypt.
They found dozens of different amulets, many of which were made of gold, had been carefully placed on or inside the body.
The 'Golden boy' mummy had been laid inside two coffins – an outer coffin with Greek inscription and an inner wooden sarcophagus
Researchers from Cairo University used CT scans to 'digitally unwrap' a mummy who had been discovered more than 100 years ago in a cemetery in Nag el-Hassay in southern Egypt
These included a two-finger amulet next to the uncircumcised penis, a golden heart scarab placed inside the thoracic cavity, and a golden tongue inside the mouth.
He was also clad in sandals and draped in garlands of ferns.
The 'Golden boy' mummy had been laid inside two coffins – an outer coffin with Greek inscription and an inner wooden sarcophagus.
Apart from the heart, his internal organs had been removed through an incision, while the brain had been removed through the nose and replaced with resin.
CT scans showed the boy was 128cm tall, between 14 and 15 years old, had good teeth and had no obvious known cause of death.
The amulets represent a wide range of Egyptian beliefs.
For example, a golden tongue leaf was placed inside the mouth to ensure the boy could speak in the afterlife, while a right-angle amulet was meant to bring balance.
Trinkets included a two-finger amulet next to the uncircumcised penis (see arrow), a golden heart scarab placed inside the thoracic cavity, and a golden tongue inside the mouth
CT scans showed the boy was 128cm tall, between 14 and 15 years old, had good teeth (pictured) and had no obvious known cause of death
First author Dr Sahar Saleem said: 'Here we show that this mummy's body was extensively decorated with 49 amulets, beautifully stylized in a unique arrangement of three columns between the folds of the wrappings and inside the mummy's body cavity.
'These include the Eye of Horus, the scarab, the akhet amulet of the horizon, the placenta, the Knot of Isis, and others.
'Many were made of gold, while some were made of semiprecious stones, fired clay, or faience.
'Their purpose was to protect the body and give it vitality in the afterlife.'
Apart from the heart, his internal organs had been removed through an incision, while the brain had been removed through the nose and replaced with resin
A golden heart scarab was placed inside the thoracic cavity. Pictured: a 3D printed copy of the scarab
Writing in the journal Frontiers in Medicine, the researchers added: 'Findings from this study suggest that ancient Egyptians valued their children and provided them with ritual treatment.'
The ancient Egyptians believed that when we died, our spiritual body sought out an afterlife similar to this world.
But entry into this afterlife was not guaranteed – it first required a perilous journey through the underworld, following by an individual last judgement.
For this reason, relatives and embalmers did everything they could to ensure that their loved one might reach a happy destination.
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Two Golden Mummies Found - One Wrapped in Gold Leaf May Be Oldest Ever
The Saqqara necropolis at Egypt's ancient capital of Memphis has been an archeological gold mine recently … and to prove it, one of the latest discoveries there is covered with gold leaf. Gold seems to be the theme when it comes to mummies these days as the mummified remains of a boy that was never unwrapped was digitally unwrapped with a CT scanner and it show the boy covered with 49 golden amulets, including a gold tongue and a gold cover for his private part. Will this trigger a ‘gold rush’ of mummy hunters to Egypt?
“This mummy may be the oldest and most complete mummy found in Egypt to date.”
Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass, the director of Egyptian excavation team which discovered the gold-covered mummy, made the announcement this week at the site of the Step Pyramid of Djoser in Saqqara, near Cairo. This has been a year-long excavation which also uncovered a 52-foot-long papyrus containing the complete Book of the Dead. However, that discovery pales in comparison to the finding of the mummied remains of a man named Hekashepesy. Hawass told the media that the mummy was found at the bottom of a 49-foot (15 meters) shaft in a group of tombs dating back to the fifth and sixth dynasties of the Old Kingdom – putting them in the 2500 BCE to 2170 BCE timeframe. The tombs are near the Step Pyramid of Djoser, which was completed around 2650 BCE. That gave Hawass and his team a good idea how old the limestone sarcophagus might be when they pulled it up from the shaft. While the coffin was sealed in mortar, Hawass was able to inspect its interior. (Photos can be seen here.)
“I put my head inside to see what was inside the sarcophagus: a beautiful mummy of a man completely covered in layers of gold. This mummy may be the oldest and most complete mummy found in Egypt to date.”
It is a challenge to accurately determine the age of Egyptian mummies. A naturally mummified body was found in a near Gebelein (now called Naga el-Gherira) in 1896 – the so-called Gebelein Man was estimated to have died around 3400 BCE and is nicknamed ‘Ginger’ for his red hair. The mummified body of Lady Rai, the nursemaid to Queen Ahmose-Nefertari, the first Queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, was found in 1891 and dates to around 1530 BCE. The mummy of Amenhotep I is considered to be the oldest royal Egyptian mummy, dating to about 1506 BCE. Based on that, Hekashepesy is certainly in the running, if not the current leader, in the ‘oldest Egyptian mummy’ contest. Hawass stresses the significance of this discovery is not in its age or gold leaf but in the fact that Hekashepesy and the others found there were ordinary Egyptians.
“The most important tomb belongs to Khnumdjedef, an inspector of the officials, a supervisor of the nobles, and a priest in the pyramid complex of Unas, the last king of the fifth dynasty. The tomb is decorated with scenes of daily life.”
The team found another shaft that was 30 feet deep and contained three other tombs and many wooden statues. In addition to Khnumdjedef, they found the mummified remains of Meri, the “keeper of the secrets and assistant to the great leader of the palace” who oversaw the Pharaoh's archive documents, which were considered to be magic to common Egyptians who could not read. The wooden statues were of individuals and families, not just gods, and included three of one person, a judge and writer identified as “Fetek,” which were next to his mummy. Finally, this ancient burial site contained burial artifacts - amulets, stone vessels and other items.
While the discovery of the gold-covered mummy was significant, it didn’t overshadow an announcement just a few days before of another mummy taking a lot of gold into the afterlife.
"Here we show that this mummy's body was extensively decorated with 49 amulets, beautifully stylized in a unique arrangement of three columns between the folds of the wrappings and inside the mummy's body cavity."
In an interview with CNET, Sahar Saleem, a radiologist at Cairo University, explains how she and her team revealed new information about another old mummy – one which has been stored and unexamined in the Cairo Egyptian Museum since 1916. Saleem is the first author of the research paper, “Scanning and three-dimensional-printing using computed tomography of the “Golden Boy” mummy.” Published in the journal Frontiers of Medicine, which describes how she and her team used Computed Tomography (CT) and 3D-printing to scan the mummified remains and learn enough to call it the “Golden Boy.”
“Biological sex could be determined from the presence of male genitalia; epiphyseal fusion and tooth eruption indicated an approximate age at death of 14–15 years.”
The CT scan provided a non-invasive view of the body and the 3D printing helped to digitally reconstruct the boy’s bones, blood vessels, soft tissues and more. It showed he wore a pair of white sandals, which appear to be the least expensive part of his burial outfit. The amulets, many made of solid gold, included the Eye of Horus -- a scarab beetle inside his chest – and a two-finger amulet beside his penis. (Many photos can be seen here.) The amulets were placed in specific areas in accordance with the aforementioned Egyptian Book of the Dead. A gold tongue amulet was placed inside the mouth to ensure the deceased boy could speak in the afterlife, and the two-finger amulet by the penis was to protect the embalming incision. The mummy’s eye lines and eyebrows were inlaid with stones, and the eye pupil was made of black obsidian.
Other amulets included a gold double-falcon-plume, gold scarab, stone serpent head, and a gold double ostrich plume, and the Golden Boy’s face was covered with golden head mask. On the medical side, the CT scan showed the boy had excellent teeth and had no signs of trauma, so the researchers assume the cause of death, even at such a young age, was natural. The mummy and coffin were discovered in 1916 at a necropolis in Nag el Hassaya, the cemetery of the city of Edfu. The scan helped date the boy’s death to between 330 BCE and 30 BCE, and the gold mask indicated he was of high status.
The mystery of ancient Egyptian mummification continues to unfold and goes on to fascinate us. These recent discoveries of a complete Book of the Dead, the gold-covered oldest known mummy and the Golden Boy show the Egyptians long had a strong belief in the afterlife and a reverence for the dead – and not just the deceased of the royal families but of ordinary Egyptians as well. We would do well to follow their examples rather than portray their mummified deceased in horror movies.
Silver Disk Over Palmdale, California Jan 24, 2023, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 24, 2023
Miners in Siberia dug up a strange statue of an angel with shield and sword in the permafrost
Mufon & UFOs: The Proof is Out There
UFO sightings have long been a source of fascination and intrigue, with many people claiming to have seen unidentified flying objects in the sky. One such sighting occurred a few years ago at Beijing airport, when a witness reported seeing a strange, crackling craft that seemed to hum with energy. The witness, who was a technician in the aerospace industry and had worked in electroplating components in his grandfather’s company, was struck by the unusual appearance of the craft.
According to the witness, the craft was large and had four louvered boxes that shimmered like a road on a hot summer day. The boxes looked like a TV with no channels, with black and gray colors from top to bottom. The witness was so struck by the craft that he turned off his truck to get a better look.
The witness reported that the craft was unlike anything he had ever seen before, and was significantly larger than any aircraft he had ever worked on. In fact, the witness stated that the craft would not have fit in the world’s largest building, the Everett Washington aircraft hanger, as the ceiling would have collapsed with all the structures having to be removed to fit it in.
Despite his background in the aerospace industry, the witness was unable to explain what he saw. He was also struck by his own level of emotion while describing his sighting, as he remained calm and composed throughout the four methodical interviews that were conducted with him.
The witness’s sighting was investigated by a UFO researcher from MUFON, who found that the witness was credible and had a clear recollection of the event. The researcher concluded that the witness was describing a remembered event that he could not explain, and classified the sighting as an unknown aerial vehicle or UFO.
The researcher, who has been studying UFO sightings for many years, believes that this case is particularly intriguing. He speculates that the craft could have been a time traveler’s vehicle or something from the future, and notes that the craft had a “human-like” appearance, with the louvered boxes resembling an aircraft carrier.
Despite the many prosaic explanations for UFO sightings, the researcher is convinced that there is still a small percentage of cases that cannot be explained. He notes that this is what keeps him going in his research, and encourages others to get involved in the field. He offers a mentorship program to help new researchers get started, and encourages people to submit their own UFO sightings to MUFON, a safe place to report such sightings.
The researcher also notes that, as people become more involved in UFO research, they may start to have their own experiences with UFOs. He himself has not had any such experiences yet, but is excited about the possibility and believes that there is more to learn about this fascinating and mysterious phenomenon.
Overall, this case serves as a reminder of the ongoing mystery surrounding UFOs and the importance of continued research and investigation into these sightings. It also highlights the importance of taking reports from credible witnesses seriously, as their accounts may hold valuable insights into this elusive and intriguing phenomenon.
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Ancient Aliens: The Hollow Moon Theory Explained
Ancient Astronaut Theorists raise new theories surrounding how solid the moon really is. See more in this clip from "Aliens and Outer Space."
Watch all new episodes of Ancient Aliens, Fridays, at 9/8c, and next day on The HISTORY Channel website at http://history.com/schedule.
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5 MIND-BOGGLING SPACE MYSTERIES | The Proof Is Out There
Check out these mind-boggling space mysteries, in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.
Chapter 1 - Moon Base Cover-up? - 00:00
Chapter 2 - Ancient Civilization on Mars - 03:59
Chapter 3 - ISS Object seen in Space! - 08:28
Chapter 4 - SpaceCraft in Antarctica?! - 12:42
Chapter 5 - UFO seen on Mars! - 16:21
Living in space! Water, ball throwing, cords and more explained by ISS astronaut
NASA Expedition 68 Flight Engineer Nicole Mann answers student questions from the Boys and Girls Club of the Flathead Reservation and Lake County in Montana. Topics include, water behavior, hair washing, ball throwing, cord management and more.
Credit: NASA
Boeing Starliner is a disaster, NASA gives up on it!!!
Boeing Starliner is a disaster, NASA gives up on it!!!
In 2010, Boeing hoped to complete a crewed Starliner mission by 2015. Yet, here we are in 2022, and the Starliner has simply seen delay after delay and failure after failure.
Meanwhile, SpaceX has been making tremendous progress in terms of Crew Dragon. The company has already completed seven crewed missions using Crew Dragon, and Crew Dragon will only be used more frequently moving forward.
But is Boeing Starliner a complete failure?
Hang on there till the end of this script as I rip off everything about Boeing Starliner line by line, word by word.
Frankly, not a failure, the Starliner program has been a disaster in all aspects.
Firstly, it’s actually painful to remember that NASA dumped $4.2 billion of taxpayer money on Boeing to build the spacecraft.
Furthermore, in an award that NASA's own inspector general described as "unnecessary," NASA paid Boeing an additional $287.2 million. This brings Boeing's total to $4.49 billion.
For the same services, the development of Crew Dragon, and six operational missions, NASA paid SpaceX $2.6 billion. After its initial award, NASA has agreed to buy an additional eight flights from SpaceX—Crew-7, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -13, and -14—through the year 2030. This brings the total contract awarded to SpaceX to $4.93 billion.
Since we now know how many flights each company will be providing NASA through the lifetime of the International Space Station, and the full cost of those contracts, we can break down the price NASA is paying each company per seat by amortizing the development costs.
Boeing, in flying 24 astronauts, has a per-seat price of $183 million. SpaceX, in flying 56 astronauts during the same time frame, has a seat price of $88 million. Thus, NASA is paying Boeing 2.1 times the price per seat that it is paying SpaceX, inclusive of development costs incurred by NASA.
What a ridiculous expense!
Boeing Starliner is a disaster, NASA gives up on it!!!
The UnXplained: GIANT SKELETONS Found In Wild West Cave (Season 4)
Abnormally large human skeletons have been found deep in Lovelock Cave. See more in this scene from Season 4, Episode 20, "The Weird Wild West."
Apollo Program (ALL PARTS)
This is the dramatic story of NASA's Apollo Program, beginning with President Kennedy's ambitious deadline for a lunar landing by the end of the decade, in response to Soviet success with Sputnik and cosmonaut Yuri Gargarin. We look at how Werner von Braun, a former rocket scientist of the Third Reich, played a leading role in NASA's planning. After groundbreaking success with the Mercury and Gemini missions, NASA was rocked by the Apollo 1 disaster, in which all three crew members (Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee) were killed in an accidental fire on the launch pad. NASA overhauled its designs and methods to achieve a successful manned launch with Apollo 7. Then came the launch of Apollo 8 aboard the mighty Saturn V rocket - the largest and most powerful rocket ever seen. The mission was a complete success, culminating in the first manned orbit of the moon, and the capture of the legendary 'Earthrise' photograph by astronaut Bill Anders.
NASA's next challenge was to test the world's first true 'spacecraft' - the Lunar Module, as well as identify what risks the moon's unexpected 'mascons' posed to future Apollo missions. But in 1969, everything was in place for the Apollo Program to make history, with the first lunar landing attempt - a mission which would test the skills of crew-members Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins to their limit.
Following the success of Apollo 11, and the fulfilment of Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the Moon, questions hung over the future of the Apollo Program. With declining public interest in Moon missions, and government funding slashed, NASA focused on scientific research. But the final phase of the Program is best remembered for the dramatic near-disaster of Apollo 13, in which the ingenuity of astronauts and Mission Control was pushed to the limit.
Incredible Experiments That May Find Dark Matter...Or Something Else
NASA Just Admitted They've Created Something So Advanced It Can Reach Lightspeed
For decades, scientists have been trying to develop aircraft that can travel at the speed of light so that some of the most fundamental questions of human existence can be answered. How did we come to be? And what lies out there in the vast open? With this net NASA creation, it just might be possible to finally get those questions answered. In this video, we will talk about the latest discovery and uncover what is in store for the future of NASA. So, let's get right into it.
NASA-verkenner ontdektWetenschappers die het oppervlak van de planeet Mars onderzoeken, zijn onlangs op een opvallend "(ge)zicht" gestoten. De Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heeft een foto vrijgegeven van wat gezien kan worden als gezicht van een beer, of een teddybeer zo je wil, een toeval door een tekening van kraters en rotsen.
A Bear on Mars?
Black & white is less than 5 km across; enhanced color is less than 1 km. For full observation details, visit the ID link.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona
A Very Bizarre Alien Encounter in California
The UFO phenomenon has many strange cases spread out over a wide range of weird stuff. Among the weirdest of these are those supposed encounters with the alien entities themselves, and these can real run the range of the bizarre. There doesn't seem to be any rhyme or reason to any of it. There are the typical "Grey aliens" that seem to be the most popular, but for every one of those there is a report of something decidedly stranger and more difficult to categorize. One such case allegedly played out in an are of California, and it is a damn strange account that seems difficult to really put into any category.
It was a beautiful, clear Sunday afternoon on August 22, 1955, and on this day a group of about eight boys were playing at one of the boy’s houses in the quiet, scenic residential area of Casa Blanca, in Riverside County, California. The boys were having a fun time to be sure, doing what little boys do, running, roughhousing, and generally being rambunctious, but at one point their play time was interrupted when they looked to the sky to notice a radiant, slightly translucent dome-like object hovering in the sky. As the transfixed boys looked on, the object just vanished into thin air, after which another object appeared with an audible “ping” sound, this one looking like a disk spinning on its side and composed of various colors such as red, blue and orange, and silver. Yet another object then appeared, this one a round sphere. The original object then reappeared and now there were two of the strange things in the sky, occasionally disappearing and reappearing with that “ping” and leaving the boys to wonder whether they should continue staring in disbelief or run away.
One of the children began to run home to tell his parents what was going on, but when he did the objects all vanished, only reappearing when he came back. This happened a few times, leading the boys to suspect they were being watched and that they were under intelligent control. Finally, one of the boys shouted out for his mother in a panic and several adults arrived at the scene, but rather bizarrely, although the kids could all still see the objects the parents saw nothing but blue sky. In the meantime, an even larger orb had appeared, this one even brighter and more colorful than the others and “as big as three houses put together,” which descended to apparently land in a nearby field. When the boys approached, they could see that it had not landed, but was rather ominously hovering three feet off the ground and that was when they noticed a peculiar entity appear near one of the houses, itself also hovering.
The creature was described as translucent and around 4 feet tall, and with “big red eyes, a big red mouth, and four round objects that sparkled like diamonds where his nose should be.” Where there should have been legs there was only a tapering rounded nub, and there was also a belt around its waist with a disc-shaped buckle that shone so brightly that it nearly blinded them. By this time the kids were terrified, with some of them screaming and crying, but their parents could still not figure out what was going on since it was all apparently invisible to them. It was then that one of the children seemed to fall into some sort of dazed trance and began to mindlessly walk towards the enormous hovering orb over the field, resisting all attempts to stop him and only brought under control when two of the other boys had to tackle him and wrestle him to the ground. It would only get stranger from there.
As the boys tried to restrain their friend, there allegedly appeared a procession of spheres and disks in the sky, which descended and began flying all over the place, the whole time disappearing and reappearing at a rapid pace, like flickering images on a broken TV. One of the objects was even said to shoot some sort of beam from a long antenna-lie apparatus. Bizarrely, one of the boys would claim that a small metallic arm appeared out of thin air and began beckoning to him in midair, and this free-floating arm was apparently covered in armor of some sort. While this was happening another boy saw an enigmatic figure described as just “a strange man” in the field brandishing two “ray guns” that he used to shoot two of the other boys, not killing them but rather seeming to paralyze them. What in the world was going on here?
As this chaotic scene played out, with UFOs flying around, disembodied arms terrorizing the kids, and a futuristic alien gun man shooting lasers, an opening appeared in the side of the massive sphere hovering over the field and out stepped the strangest thing of all. The entity itself looked very much like the creature they had seen earlier near the house, but in this case it had undulating white skin, and a strange configuration of appendages made up of four tentacle-like legs that ended in rounded nubs and two arms that split at the elbow to grow into two sets of forearms on each side with a hand attached to each. It was almost mindboggling in its bizarreness, and then it apparently hypnotized two boys and had them climb up a nearby tree, after which it telepathically commended to wait there for him to pick them up in 15 minutes. What in the world?
The bizarre apparition then disappeared, but 15 minutes later a huge orb appeared, this one with a rim or ring around it that made it look little like the planet Saturn. On this ring were seven humanoid gnomes of some sort, which reached out and tried to take the hypnotized boys as their friends screamed at them to come down and tried to snap them out of their trance, even going as far as to spray them with a nearby garden hose. Although one of the boys did snap out of it and climbed down, the other remained in a daze, and then began levitating over to the roof of a nearby house, where he stood in a zombified state for a moment before leaping off to land on his head. As soon as he hit the ground, all of the UFO activity ceased, and the objects and their bizarre occupants all vanished into thin air. Luckily, the boy was not seriously injured, although he suffered amnesia of everything that had happened. Ufologist Ted Bloecher would research the case and come to no definitive conclusion, stating:
This extraordinary incident- Manifestation may be a better word- lacks sufficient information to come to any final conclusions. Even so, available data are sufficient to conclude that something bizarre and inexplicable occured that afternoon at Casa Blanca; that the children alone were able to perceive it; and that whatever it was, it appears to be directly related to an area of UFO phenomena suggestive of certain types of parapsychological experiences.
What are we to make of all of this? Other investigators would directly interview the children and find them to be sincere and reliable in their recollection of the events. The whole case is baffling in that it seems to have played out right before the eyes of adults, yet they did not see any of it. What does this mean? Why should only the children see all of this going on? Does this mean it was some phenomenon privy to only them for reasons we will never understand, or does it just mean that or was the wild musings of young, overactive imaginations? We may never know for sure, and it remains a damn strange case all the same.
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Senior author Professor Carmel Majidi, a mechanical engineer at Carnegie Mellon University, in Canada said: 'The magnetic particles here have two roles.
'One is that they make the material responsive to an alternating magnetic field, so you can, through induction, heat up the material and cause the phase change.
'But the magnetic particles also give the robots mobility and the ability to move in response to the magnetic field.'
He explained that the process is in contrast to existing phase-shifting materials that rely on heat guns, electrical currents, or other external heat sources to induce solid-to-liquid transformation.
Prof Majidi says the new material also boasts an 'extremely fluid' liquid phase compared to other phase-changing materials, whose 'liquid' phases are considerably more viscous.
Before exploring potential applications, the team tested the material's mobility and strength in various scenarios.
The robot seems to pull inspiration from Terminator 2: Judgment Day. In the 1991 film T-1000 liquifies himself to walk through metal bars
The robot liquifies and slides through the bars. This is because of magnetic particles embedded in gallium, a metal with a very low melting point of 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
With the aid of a magnetic field, the robots jumped over moats, climbed walls, and even split in half to cooperatively move other objects around before coalescing back together.
'Now, we're pushing this material system in more practical ways to solve some very specific medical and engineering problems,' Pan said.
The team also used the robots to remove a foreign object from a model stomach and to deliver drugs on-demand into the same stomach.
The robot can be heated and an external magnet pulls it in a specific direction
Once on the outside of the cage, the robot reforms back into its solid shape
The innovation may also work as smart soldering robots for wireless circuit assembly and repair and as a universal mechanical 'screw' for assembling parts in hard-to-reach spaces.
Prof Majidi added: 'Future work should further explore how these robots could be used within a biomedical context.
'What we're showing are just one-off demonstrations, proofs of concept, but much more study will be required to delve into how this could actually be used for drug delivery or for removing foreign objects.'
UFO on the Horizon: Passenger Captures Incredible Footage on Delta Flight
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Following Russia’s first illegal invasion of Ukraine, countries around the world attempted to punish the aggressor mainly through economic sanctions. In the US, those sanctions included bans on the import of most Russian aerospace technologies, including the RD-180 engines that still power ULA’s Atlas V workhorse rocket in 2023. In 2014, ULA announced that it would work with Blue Origin to integrate the startup’s BE-4 engine into a new rocket booster to end its reliance on Russian engines.
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Spaceplanes are unique engineering feats that come with different benefits and downsides compared to traditional spacecraft. They also come in many different shapes and sizes with the Space Shuttle and Dream Chaser being great examples.
In the past, the Shuttle revolutionized space access and what was capable. Now in 2023, Sierra Space and Dream Chaser are hoping to do the same. In the last couple of months, we have seen an increase in progress from the company regarding the first Dream Chaser test article expected to go to space named Tenacity. This involves finishing heat shield application and an upcoming shipment for final ground testing. Once complete, the only other factor influencing this launch is the first flight of Vulcan scheduled in a couple of months, which Tenacity will launch on in the future.
However, with Vulcan a few months behind schedule and this being Dream Chaser ‘s first ever mission, a lot can come in the way of the launch set to happen in the third quarter of this year. Here I will go more in-depth into some of the recent updates on both Dream Chaser Tenacity and Vulcan, what to expect on this first mission, the significance of this spaceplane, and more.
Full article here
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Chapters:
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According to Simulations, the Milky Way is One in a Million
Humanity is in a back-and-forth relationship with nature. First, we thought we were at the center of everything, with the Sun and the entire cosmos rotating around our little planet. We eventually realized that wasn’t true. Over the centuries, we’ve found that though Earth and life might be rare, our Sun is pretty normal, our Solar System is relatively non-descript, and even our galaxy is one of the billions of spiral galaxies, a type that makes up 60% of the galaxies in the Universe.
But the Illustris TNG simulation shows that the Milky Way is special.
Illustris TNG is an ongoing series of large-scale simulations. The goal is to understand the mechanisms behind galaxy formation and evolution. The effort is a “series of large, cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations,” according to the Illustris TNG website. So far, the project has produced three primary runs, each one larger and higher resolution than the previous one: TNG 50, TNG 100, and TNG 300. Each run also focuses on various aspects of galaxy formation. TNG 300 is the largest, simulating a region of almost 300 million megaparsecs, over a billion light-years across, and containing millions of galaxies.
New research based on Illustris TNG shows that the Milky Way is special. But it’s not special purely for its intrinsic qualities. It’s special in relation to its surroundings.
The findings are in a new paper based on Illustris TNG 300 published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. The title is “The unusual Milky Way-local sheet system: implications for spin strength and alignment.” The lead researcher is Miguel Aragón, a computational cosmologist and assistant professor at the National Astronomical Observatory, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.
Illustris TNG simulates the large-scale structure of the Universe. It shows how galaxies are arranged on filaments of dark matter that weave their way through vast cosmic voids. Some of the features it shows are cosmological walls, also called galaxy walls. They’re enormous features, and one of them—a wall called the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall—is the largest known structure in the Universe and is 10 billion light-years long.
Cosmological walls are made up of galaxies. They’re a subtype of filaments, but they’re flattened and have voids on either side. The voids seem to squash the walls into their flattened shape. The cosmological wall nearest the Milky Way is called the Local Wall or Local Sheet.
The Local Sheet influences how the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies rotate on their axes. The Milky Way takes about 250,000,000 years to rotate, and the study shows that the rotation is more organized than if the galaxy wasn’t near the Local Sheet.
The study also shows that the Milky Way is special. While typical galaxies tend to be much smaller in relation to walls, the Milky Way is surprisingly massive in relation to the Local Wall. According to the research, this is a rare cosmic occurrence.
This video is from Illustris TNG 50 and shows the formation of an elliptical galaxy. Credit: Illustris TNG
One characteristic that cosmologists study is velocity dispersion. It describes how much dispersal there is in the velocity of a group of astronomical objects. The velocities are dispersed around a mean velocity. The velocity of objects in the Milky Way/Local Wall neighbourhood has low dispersion, meaning they’re not dispersed far from the mean.
This is unusual for a high-mass galaxy like the Milky Way in an environment like this, close to the Local Wall. To understand this better, the researchers looked for Milky Way Analogue (MWA) galaxies in Illustris TNG 300.
They found that MWAs in Local-Sheet analogues are rare. There was only one of them per 160–200?Mpc3 of volume in the simulation. With their research, they showed that the cold environment around the Local Sheet is responsible. “We find that a Sheet-like cold environment preserves, amplifies, or simplifies environmental effects on the angular momentum of galaxies,” they write in their paper.
Specifically, the Local Sheet affects the spin of the Milky Way. “… there are particularly strong alignments between the sheet and galaxy spins,” they explain, adding that in the simulation, the galaxies near walls have low spin parameters.
This all affects how galaxies grow and merge over time, they think. It leads to lower-mass galaxies in these types of cosmic neighbourhoods. That’s why the Milky Way, with its high mass, is so unusual and why the simulation found only one like it in up to 200 cubic megaparsecs of space.
The study reminds us of something critical: context is important. If we look at the Milky Way as a discrete object and compare it to other similar discrete objects, it doesn’t appear to be exceptional. But in relation to its surroundings, it is. “Our results highlight the importance of carefully characterizing the environment around our galaxy,” the paper states. “The effect of the geometry and coldness of Local Sheet environment on angular momentum processes may help us better understand current problems in galaxy formation…”
In a press release presenting the research, the authors refer to the Copernican bias. “This bias, describing the successive removal of our special status in the nearly 500 years since Copernicus demoted the Earth from being at the centre of the cosmos, would come from assuming that we reside in a completely average place in the Universe,” the press release says. It shows the risk inherent in ignoring the environment of an object being studied.
This work also shows a potential flaw in how scientists use simulations like Illustris TNG. It’s misleading to think that any point in the simulation is the same as any other point. Galaxies close to a Cosmic Wall can evolve quite differently than at other points.
“So, the Milky Way is, in a way, special,” said research lead Miguel Aragón. “The Earth is very obviously special, the only home of life that we know. But it’s not the centre of the Universe or even the Solar System. And the Sun is just an ordinary star among billions in the Milky Way. Even our galaxy seemed to be just another spiral galaxy among billions of others in the observable Universe.”
“The Milky Way doesn’t have a particularly special mass or type. There are lots of spiral galaxies that look roughly like it,” Joe Silk, another of the researchers, said. “But it is rare if you take into account its surroundings. If you could see the nearest dozen or so large galaxies easily in the sky, you would see that they all nearly lie on a ring embedded in the Local Sheet. That’s a little bit special in itself. What we newly found is that other walls of galaxies in the Universe like the Local Sheet very seldom seem to have a galaxy inside them that’s as massive as the Milky Way.”
“You might have to travel half a billion light years from the Milky Way, past many, many galaxies, to find another cosmological wall with a galaxy like ours,” Aragón said. He adds, “That’s a couple of hundred times farther away than the nearest large galaxy around us, Andromeda.”
So is it okay if we feel special again? We’re obviously special just because we’re alive, and most matter we can see isn’t. But that doesn’t necessarily tell us about how much other matter might be alive and if we’re special. From a vantage point elsewhere in the Universe, there could be much more living matter. Before the rise of modern astronomy, we had no idea if there was life elsewhere or how special Earth might be. We’re wise to be cautious with the word special, according to one of the authors.
“You do have to be careful, though, choosing properties that qualify as ‘special,’” Dr. Mark Neyrinck, another member of the team, said. “If we added a ridiculously restrictive condition on a galaxy, such as that it must contain the paper we wrote about this, we would certainly be the only galaxy in the observable Universe like that. But we think this ‘too big for its wall’ property is physically meaningful and observationally relevant enough to call out as really being special.”
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