Can JWST see Galaxies Made of Primordial Stars?

All stars are composed of mostly hydrogen and helium, but most stars also have measurable amounts of heavier elements, which astronomers lump into the category of “metals.” Our Sun has more metals than most stars because the nebula from which it formed was the remnant debris of earlier stars. These were in turn children of even earlier stars, and so on. Generally, each new generation of stars has a bit more metal than the last. The very first stars, those born from the primordial hydrogen and helium of the cosmos, had almost no metal in them. We’ve never seen one of these primordial stars, but with the power of the Webb and a bit of luck, we might catch a glimpse of them soon.

One way to determine the amount of metal a star has is by comparing the ratio of iron in its atmosphere compared to helium, known as [Fe/He]. This metallicity number is usually expressed on a logarithmic scale, where the Sun’s metallicity is set to zero. Stars are then set into populations based on this number. Any star with a metallicity of at least -1 (meaning it has at least 10% of that of the Sun) is a Population I star. Stars with lower metallicity are Population II stars, and the very first stars with no observable metals would be Population III stars.

In the Milky Way, Population I stars are typically found within the galactic plane and spiral arms, while Population II stars are mostly in a more diffuse halo of stars surrounding the galaxy. This makes sense, since stars form within the gas and dust of spiral arms, and can drift away from the galactic plane as they age. Other than the fact that Population II stars are usually billions of years older than the Sun, they are broadly similar to younger stars.

The first generation of stars is thought to have been very different. The more metal a star has the more dense it can be. A star such as the Sun is more compact than a Population III star, and therefore doesn’t need as much mass to shine so brightly. Since the first stars were made only of hydrogen and helium, we think they were massive stars that lived short but very luminous lives. They likely formed during the first few hundred million years of the universe, and died within a few tens of million years or less. The only way we can see their light is by peering into the deepest reaches of space. Even the brightest galaxy of Population III stars would be very dim as seen from Earth. But are they too dim for the almighty Webb to observe?

That’s the question this recent study tried to answer. The team simulated both the intensity and spectrum of first-generation stars to determine how they might appear within an early galaxy, then compared this to the capability of the Webb Space Telescope. They found that if Webb had a direct, unobstructed view of a bright primordial galaxy, it would still be too dim for Webb to see. But if a particularly large primordial galaxy happens to be located behind a large closer galaxy, gravitational lensing could magnify and brighten the distant galaxy’s light to a point where Webb could detect it.

In other words, we are on the frustrating edge of being able to detect first-generation stars. If things are lined up just so, and we can separate the spectra of the first-generation galaxy from the closer galaxy, then we have a chance. That may sound disappointing, but astronomers are skilled and clever, so there’s reason to hope that in time we will see light from the grandmothers of all stars

Reference: 

• James A. A. Trussler, et al. “On the observability and identification of Population III galaxies with JWST.” arXiv preprint arXiv:2211.02038 (2022).

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Peter Moon discusses a recent trip to Romania where he conducted research related to the Translyvania Rising book series. In the first part of the interview he focuses on what was discovered at a Cioclovina Cave, which he states has clear evidence of being a powerful time reactor. He believes the cave takes special significance during the 20 year planetary biorythm associated with the Montauk Project, which next occurs on 2023. 

In the latter portion of the interview, Moon focuses on Book VI of the series: Forgotten Genesis where humanity's genetic origins is revealed. Moon covers how holographic records are accessed by the series protagonist Radu Cinamar who is helped in understanding humanity's origins by beings associated with an underground civilization called Apellos. 

Moon elaborates on Cinamar's information about two human genotypes being created from which Sirians could incarnate on Earth, and a worker race would serve them. 

The first genotype called E N L would possess more extraterrestrial genetics and thereby have greater psychic and mental abilities. In contrast, the second genotype, E N K would be more robust and better suited for living in Earth conditions. Moon discusses the Sirian geneticist Tenekau (aka Enki) responsible for creating the two human genotypes, which could be mixed to create a long lived hybrid species as discussed in ancient texts such as the King's List and Manetho's history of Egypt.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

This day in UFO history: Travis Walton was abducted by aliens

Travis Walton was abducted on 5th November 1975 and was missing for 5 days. So on these days, 47 years ago, he was on alien’s spaceship.

On November 5, 1975, Travis Walton was supposed to be working his usual shift in Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in Arizona. Little did he know that he would suddenly experience something that he’ll never forget.

After a long day of work, Travis and his six crew members were on their way home when they suddenly noticed a mysterious glow in the trees. As they continued driving, they eventually saw that the light was coming from a structure.

After seeing an object that he initially thought was a UFO, Travis decided to approach it as it was still hovering in the clearing. However, moments after he made his approach, he was suddenly struck by a bright bluish-green light. He was sent flying backward by the beam of light.

Witnesses claimed that a massive beam of light appeared in the sky and completely lit up the forest. It was compared to a bolt of lightning and a flame.

The crew’s manager, Mike Rogers, immediately left the area as the other members of the group were still stunned by what they saw. The other crew members then went back to the area to try and help Travis. However, they were surprised to see that he was still missing.

After looking for several minutes, the crew could not find Travis. They then contacted the local sheriff. They told him that a flying saucer carried their friend Travis. To prove their case, the sheriff and Mike Rogers, a UFO expert, conducted a search of the area.

The six of his coworkers were then accused of murder. Even though there were no other explanations as to what happened to Travis, Mike Rogers and the others stuck to their story. They claimed that they saw a UFO shoot a beam at Travis before it disappeared.

The exact details of what happened after Travis was hit by the flying saucer remain unclear. However, through a hypnosis session conducted by Dr. James Harder in the 1970s, the rest of the story was revealed. During the session, which was attended by several doctors and psychiatrists, Harder discussed the case with Travis and his psychiatrist. According to Harder, the evidence presented in the case is as valid as it would be in an American court.

According to Travis, he blacked out after he was hit by the beam of light. He claims that he felt a “numbing shock.” The next thing that he could remember was waking up in an oddly shaped room. He said that as he opened his eyes, he saw three creatures standing over him.

According to Walton, he was held down by a device that was placed over his chest. He then tried to scare the creatures by waving an object around. He claims that the creatures were about four to five feet tall and had enlarged heads.

Travis described the alleged beings as having large brown eyes and wearing orange jumpsuits. They were similar to the descriptions given by other witnesses.

After the creatures left, Travis wandered around the room. He soon found himself inside a room that looked like a planetarium. Two more beings then approached him and took him to another location. He believes that he was transported from the scout ship he was in. He recalls these beings putting a mask over his face, which caused him to black out. However, beyond that, he has no recollection of what happened to him.

Initially, the case of Travis Walton was regarded as a missing person. For several days, the authorities in Arizona conducted a search for him using helicopters and scent dogs. The search, which was the most extensive in the state’s history, ended when Walton was found.

On November 10, 1975, Travis was found lying on the side of the road. He said that he woke up to realize that a metallic mirror-like object was flying above him. He immediately ran to get help. He then called his family after he found a phone booth in Heber, Arizona.

Upon being found, Travis was taken to a hospital, where he was diagnosed with a wound on his right arm. He also lost a significant amount of weight. Five of the six witnesses who were interviewed during the investigation passed their polygraph tests. One of the witnesses, Alan Dalis, refused to participate in the test after he argued with Travis the morning of the incident.

Medical records indicated that no drugs were found in his system, and he passed a lie detector test. Travis eventually came back with faint memories of being visited by aliens and being accidentally shown a star system from the cockpit of the spaceship. He believes that the beam hit him in the chest and head, and it killed him. He also believes that he was transported to the spaceship to be revived.

It has been widely believed that if Travis had been lost or hiding in the forest, he would have probably died at night. Temperatures at that time reached around 8 degrees Fahrenheit.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

6 UFO GOVERNMENT COVER-UPS | The Proof Is Out There

Check out these 6 rare UFO sightings covered up by the government, in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.

Intro - 0:00

Chapter 1 - 0:12 - Glowing Orbs in the Gulf of Mexico?

Chapter 2 - 05:10 - Pyramid-Shaped UFOs over the Pacific Ocean

Chapter 3 - 10:08 - Two Silver Spinning Discs across Montana Sky

Chapter 4 - 15:45 - Unknown Aircraft Flying Over Nevada Test Site

Chapter 5 - 21:15 - Unidentified Submerged Object Spotted by USS Omaha

Chapter 6 - 26:37 - Large Bright Beam in Mongolian Sky

Watch all new episodes of The Proof Is Out There on Fridays at 10/9c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite The HISTORY Channel shows at http://history.com/schedule.

Mysterious Satellite Captured on Camera: The UnXplained (Season 3)

While constructing the international space station, astronauts capture a strange object on camera, which raises suspicions around the world. See more in this clip from Season 3, "The Search For Extraterrestrial Life."

Monstrous "Moth Man" Terrifies West Virginia Town | Ancient Aliens

A young couple encounters a large winged creature that soon ignites terror in a small town, see more in this clip from Season 1, "Aliens and Strange Creatures."

Ancient Aliens: SECRET UNDERWATER ALIEN BASE FOUND (Season 6) | History

Documented eyewitness accounts of strange UFO activity at the Solomon Islands has led to a theory that an underwater alien base is present, in this clip from Season 6, "Aliens and Forbidden Islands."

UFO SPOTTED IN NORWAY *Real Footage* | The Proof Is Out There

After ruling out several ideas, these mysterious lights above Norway have investigators stumped, in this scene from Season 3, Episode 1 of The Proof Is Out There.

TOP 5 UFO SIGHTINGS | The Proof is Out There

These 5 UFO sightings are so out of the ordinary that it's difficult to make sense of them. Check them out in this The Proof Is Out There compilation.

0:00 FLYING ORBS SPOTTED IN CHILE

5:17 - DANGEROUS UFO ENCOUNTER AT 35,000 FEET

8:45 - CUBE-SHAPED UFO SHOCKS PILOT

13:19 - UFO SIGHTING IN ANTARCTICA

17:12 - BLUE ALIEN ORB CRASH-LANDS ON EARTH

Pilot Shares Videos Of Strange UFO Sightings In Skies Over The US

Pilot Shares Videos Of Strange UFO Sightings In Skies Over The US

Top 10 Creepiest Things Caught on Underwater Cameras

These underwater shots will freak you out! For this list, we’ll be looking at the eeriest and most unsettling visuals that have been recorded in oceans and lakes. Our countdown includes Mystery Creature, Train Graveyard, A Human Skeleton, and more! Which of these creeps you out the most? Let us know in the comments below!

Watch more great creepy videos here:

Top 10 Creepiest YouTube Mysteries Ever: 

• https://youtu.be/wERKW7EH9OY

Top 10 Creepiest Unexplained Security Footage:

• https://youtu.be/4DVD5efSP4A

Top 10 Creepiest Things Caught on Dash Cam:

• https://youtu.be/sTz2N1yfjDY

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

The lost pyramid of Abu Rawash

The Pyramid of Djedefre at Abu Rawash: The pyramid of Djedefre is a pyramid built as a burial for the pharaoh Djedefre, in Abu Rawash, 8 kilometers from Giza ( Egypt ), in the 26th century BC.

It the most northerly pyramid in Egypt, and it has been in ruins since ancient times. Other pharaohs of the Fourth Dynasty began the construction of Djedefre but remained unfinished.

It is believed that the pharaoh chose this hill and set his tomb there to be closer to Ra, god of the Sun.

But there is more, because until the end of the 20th century archaeologists did not know if the pyramid was finished or had been unfinished.

In the first case, the top of the pyramid would have been the highest in Egypt (220 meters above sea level, between 8 and 20 meters above the original top of the Great Pyramid of Khufu) and its current state would be fruit of the destruction and reuse of the stones for later constructions from Roman times onwards.

This seems to be the most likely scenario, as the latest excavations found that the funerary complex around the monument was completed and was active until long after the pharaoh’s death, which would not make sense if the pyramid had never been completed.

What is known for sure is that its construction began around the year 2580 BC by order of Pharaoh Djedefre, son and successor of Khufu.

The pyramid is on a hill overlooking the Giza plateau (hence its altitude could have been higher than that of the Great Pyramid, despite its smaller size similar to that of Menkaure).

The reasons why this place was chosen as well as those for the reduction of the size of the building are unknown, although some researchers point to theological reasons, since Djedefre was the first pharaoh to bear the title of son of Ra.

It was first explored in 1840 by John Shae Perring (who between 1837 and 1842 excavated Giza using gunpowder), who would be followed by other researchers such as Flinders Petrie and Émile Gaston Chassinat.

The most extensive excavation of the complex began in 1995 by a Franco-Swiss team led by Michel Valloggia.

The original length of its base was 106.2 meters, which at a 52-degree angle of inclination (similar to the Pyramid of Khufu) would have given the structure a height of 67 meters.

To save material, time and labor, the hill was used, which made up 44 percent of the total volume of the pyramid.

It is significant that the burial chamber is not inside the pyramid as it used to be, but below it, at a depth of 21 meters, and in its lower part it has depressions that indicate that it housed a sarcophagus and a canopic chest, just like the Pyramid of Khafre.

In inscriptions found in the pit the name of the pyramid appeared, which translates as Djedefre covered with stars or as Djedefre belongs to the firmament.

Émile Chassinat, during his excavations between 1901 and 1924, found numerous fragments of statues of Pharaoh Djedefre (including four heads) and of members of his family, his sons Baka, Hernet, Setka, Neferhetepes and Queen Hetepheres II.

Most of these fragments are kept today in the Louvre, the Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich, and the Cairo Museum.

Original measurements of the Pyramid of Djedefre

Remains of the pyramid of Djedefre

Ramp down to the burial chamber, pyramid of Djedefre

The Burial Chamber, pyramid of Djedefre

Bust of Djedefre, in the Louvre Museum

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted  by peter2011

{ https://historicaleve.com/ }

Astronomers are captivated by brightest flash ever seen

by Issam AHMED

Astronomers have observed the brightest flash of light ever seen, from an event that occurred 2.4 billion light years from Earth and was likely triggered by the formation of a black hole.

• Record-breaking gamma-ray burst possibly most powerful explosion ever recorded

{ https://phys.org/ }

Scientists observe a flash of light called a ‘once-in-a-century event’

Arian Marie 

A group of astronomers has become star-struck at the brightest flash of light that has ever been seen, probably caused by a black hole forming.

On October 9, astronomers’ telescopes detected what is now considered to be the brightest flash of light ever observed.

The Swift’s X-Ray Telescope captured the afterglow of GRB 221009A an hour after it was first detected. NASA published the image.

Researchers say that the flash of light lasted for hundreds of seconds and was a burst of gamma rays likely caused by a collapsing star that transformed into a black hole. Notably, when a star explodes in a supernova, it can collapse into a black hole, and the leftover matter from the explosion then forms an accretion disk around the black hole. This matter eventually falls inside of the black hole and causes a large jet of energy to be shot out at speeds close to the speed of light. Some instances of this gamma-ray jet have reached 99.99% the speed of light.

Furthermore, the flash of light released photons that carried a record 18 teraelectronvolts of energy, which is 18 with 12 zeros behind it. Such power was even felt on Earth, with reports indicating that long-wave radio communications in Earth’s ionosphere have been impacted by the flash. Astrophysicist Brendan O’Connor recently spoke to AFP and explained that he took observations of the event last Friday and found that the event itself occurred 2.4 billion light years away from Earth.

“It’s really breaking records, both in the amount of photons, and the energy of the photons that are reaching us. Something this bright, this nearby, is really a once-in-a-century event.

Gamma-ray bursts in general release the same amount of energy that our Sun produces over its entire lifetime in the span of a few seconds-and this event is the brightest gamma ray burst,” said O’Connor.

For more information on this story,  check out this link here.

{ https://fancy4work.com/ }

Nikola Tesla's Terrifying Invention Has Just Been Revealed In Old Documents Nov 2022

We idolize our tech heroes in this era of technological obsession. The leaders of the technology sector are treated like rock stars, and their announcements of cutting-edge technology are heard by billions of people worldwide. The Serbian inventor Nikola Tesla, who held nearly 300 patents and was in charge of such ground-breaking technology as the alternating current, was one of the first tech icons.

Nikola Tesla, a Serbian-American engineer and physicist made numerous advances in the generation, transmission, and use of electric power. He invented the first alternating current motor and pioneered the development of AC generation and transmission technology.

Despite his notoriety and respect, he never succeeded in turning his innumerable inventions into long- term financial success, unlike Thomas Edison, his main rival and former employer. In this video, we’ll tell you about Nikola Tesla’s last message and his prediction to future generations revealed in old documents.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Magnetic Pole Shift . . . The Most Important Disaster (Video)

by N.Morgan

The magnetic pole shift is an extinction risk. This video tells the three key points to share, with the data to back them up.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

Still image from a numerical simulation of an unequal mass binary black hole merger, with parameters consistent with GW190412.

[Image credit: N. Fischer, H. Pfeiffer, A. Buonanno (Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics), Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes project]

When Black Holes Collide They Also Produce Neutrinos

BY PAUL M. SUTTER

Ever since astronomers first detected ultra high energy neutrinos coming from random directions in space, they have not been able to figure out what generates them. But a new hypothesis suggests an unlikely source: the mergers of black holes.

Neutrinos are extremely ghostly particles. The carry no electric charge and they interact only rarely with normal matter through the weak nuclear force. Trillions of neutrinos pass through every square centimeter of your body every single second. So it takes truly enormous observatories to capture them. The largest of all is the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, which is a series of detectors sunk into the Antarctic ice sheet at the South Pole. Occasionally a neutrino will strike a molecule of water ice and lead to a flash of light that the observatory can detect.

While IceCube has seen countless events over the years, a few stand out. Some neutrinos are exceedingly energetic – so energetic that it’s difficult to come up with plausible scenarios that could generate them.

At the other end of the spectrum, perhaps the most powerful objects in the universe are black holes. Their intense gravity can tear apart stars and even power the formation of jets that can blast tens of thousands of light years into space.

So new research suggests that black holes may be responsible for the highest energy neutrinos. However, this can’t work with black holes in isolation Instead the black holes must be surrounded by an electrically charged plasma. That plasma will swirl around the black hole forming an accretion disk. Incredibly strong magnetic and electric fields in the accretion disk can wind their way around the black hole and send material flowing outwards in the form of a jet.

When two black holes merge this changes the direction of the jet, and occasionally the jets can get a boost from the gravitational energy released by the merger.

The authors of the new study suggests that if conditions are just right, the enhancement of the jet during a merger can power insanely high energetic neutrinos.

To match the observed numbers of high-energy neutrinos that IceCube has detected, the authors suggest that these black holes don’t have to merge all that often. If the neutrinos are powered by mergers of supermassive black holes, then they only need to collide between every 100,000 and 10 million years in every cubic gigaparsec of volume. If instead the neutrinos are powered by stellar mass black hole mergers, then they only need to happen 10 to 100 times every year in every cubic gigaparsec of volume.

These are promising numbers because the results sit within the expected range of merger rates of both stellar mass black holes and supermassive black holes. So as mechanisms go, it’s plausible. Only more observations will be able to tell, and hopefully astronomers will be able to pinpoint a source of these extremely energetic exotic particles.

The post When Black Holes Collide They Also Produce Neutrinos appeared first on Universe Today.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

Orange Lights / UFOs filmed while driving in California, Sept 2022

Video shared by West-Wrap7967 on reddit, recorded on September 4, 2022 while moving from Florida
to San Pedro, CA.

RELATED

Two UFOs filmed in New York, Nov 2022

Video shared by zikeonamic on Twitter, recorded on November 2, 2022 in James Braddock park, looking
toward NYC Hudson river. Time: 6:11 PM.

Largest Potentially Dangerous Asteroid Of The Decade With a Strange Orbital Resonance

USS Nimitz Witness Tells His Story For The First Time | Contact

The USS Nimitz is famously known for the "Tic-Tac Incident", but a decade earlier, Kevin Thomas witnessed a completely separate but just as extraordinary event.

Nasa Astronaut Returns With Terrifying Information About Earth

The fascinating stories about outer space narrated by cosmonauts makes everyone want to take at least one trip out there and witness the mesmerizing cosmos with our own eyes. Maybe sometime in the future we might be able to do this for real. But outer space isn't a very safe or comfortable place. Humans know very little about the universe and what lies out there. In the past, many astronauts have encountered some unexplainable and downright terrifying things in space. And even with the modern and much more sophisticated equipment and knowledge, astronomers are unable to provide a logical explanation for these objects astronauts witnessand other strange experiences. Here are twenty creepiest things in space seen by astronauts

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

ALIEN WAR and The Horrors of Dulce Underground Base

Everybody has heard of Area 51, which is a top-secret facility in Nevada’s desert. However, there are no known details about what goes on there.

There’s a rumor that says that the bodies of extraterrestrials have been recovered from the crash sites of UFOs.

But did you hear about Dulce Base? It’s reportedly more sinister than the former. If aliens were experimenting on humans in Area 51, then this facility would be the place for them.

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Famous Stephen Hawking theory about black holes confirmed

Logan Orozco 

One of Stephen Hawking’s most famous theories has been confirmed to be correct, thanks to space-time ripples caused by the merger of the two distant black holes.

The black hole area theorem, which Hawking derived from Einstein’s theory of general relativity in 1971, states that the surface area of a black hole cannot decrease over time. This rule is of importance to physicists because it appears to set time to run in a certain direction: the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy, or disorder, of a closed system must always rise. Because the entropy of a black hole is proportional to its surface area, both must always increase.

The researchers’ confirmation of the area law, according to the new study, appears to suggest that the properties of black holes are crucial hints to the hidden laws that control the universe. Surprisingly, the area law appears to contradict another of the famous physicist’s proven theorems: that black holes should evaporate over incredibly long time scales, suggesting that determining the source of the conflict between the two theories might reveal new physics.

“A black hole’s surface area can’t be decreased, which is like the second law of thermodynamics. It also has a conservation of mass, as you can’t reduce its mass, so that’s analogous to the conservation of energy,” lead author Maximiliano Isi, an astrophysicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told Live Science. “Initially people were like ‘Wow, that’s a cool parallel,’ but we soon realized that this was fundamental. Black holes have an entropy, and it’s proportional to their area. It’s not just a funny coincidence, it’s a deep fact about the world that they reveal.”

The event horizon limits the surface area of a black hole; beyond this point, nothing, not even light, can escape its strong gravitational pull. According to Hawking’s interpretation of general relativity, as a black hole’s surface area increases with its mass, and because no object thrown inside can exit, its surface area cannot decrease. However, because the surface area of a black hole reduces as it spins, researchers questioned if it would be feasible to throw an object inside hard enough to cause the black hole to spin enough to diminish its area.

“You will make it spin more, but not enough to counterbalance the mass you’ve just added,” Isi said. “Whatever you do, the mass and the spin will make it so that you end up with a bigger area.”

To put this idea to the test, the researchers examined gravitational waves, or ripples in the fabric of space-time generated 1.3 billion years ago by two massive black holes spiralling toward each other at high speeds. The Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), a laser beam divided into two 2,485-mile-long (4-kilometer) pathways capable of detecting the slightest distortions in space-time by how they affect its path length, discovered the first waves in 2015.

The researchers determined the mass and spin of both the two original black holes and the new combined one by dividing the signal into two parts — before and after the black holes merged. These figures enabled them to compute the surface area of each black hole before to and after the collision.

“As they spin around each other faster and faster, the gravitational waves increase in amplitude more and more until they eventually plunge into each other — making this big burst of waves,” Isi said. “What you’re left with is a new black hole that’s in this excited state, which you can then study by analyzing how it’s vibrating. It’s like if you ping a bell, the specific pitches and durations it rings with will tell you the structure of that bell, and also what it’s made out of.”

The newly formed black hole has a greater surface area than the first two combined, proving Hawking’s area rule with higher than 95% certainty. According to the researchers, these findings are mostly consistent with their predictions. The theory of general relativity, from which the area law was developed, does an excellent job of characterizing black holes and other large-scale objects.

The real mystery however, begins when we try to integrate general relativity — the rules of big objects — with quantum mechanics — those of the very small. Strange events begin to occur, wreaking havoc on all of our hard and fast rules and entirely breaking the area law.

This is because, according to general relativity, black holes may shrink according to quantum mechanics. The famous British physicist behind the surface area rule also created the concept of Hawking radiation, which describes how a fog of particles is released at the edges of black holes due to strange quantum processes. This phenomenon leads the black holes to shrink and, eventually, over a time period several times longer than the age of the universe, evaporate. This evaporation may occur over periods long enough to avoid violating area law in the short term, but that is little consolation to physicists.

“Statistically, over a long period of time, the law is violated,” Isi said. “It’s like boiling water, you’re getting steam evaporating from your pan, but if you only limit yourself to looking at the disappearing water inside of it, you might be tempted to say the entropy of the pan is decreasing. But if you take the steam into account too, your overall entropy has increased. It’s the same with black holes and Hawking radiation.”

After establishing the area rule for short to medium time frames, the researchers will evaluate data from more gravitational waves to get further insights into black holes.

“I’m obsessed with these objects because of how paradoxical they are. They’re extremely mysterious and confounding, yet at the same time we know them to be the simplest objects that exist,” Isi said. “This, as well as the fact that they’re where gravity meets quantum mechanics, makes them the perfect playgrounds for our understanding of what reality is.”

{ https://favgalaxy.com/ }

Artist’s conception of the Cygnus X-1 system.

Credit: John Paice

A Black Hole's Jets are Coming From a Region 2,000 km Away From the Singularity Itself

The team also found that the orientation of the accretion disk is tilted significantly relative to the orbital plane of the binary system. It would be unusual for members of a stellar binary system to have such differing rotational axes, so it is likely that the shift occurred during the cataclysmic explosion that formed the black hole.

Knowing that the x-ray source is relatively close to the black hole, astronomers can further study their dynamics to better understand how black holes affect the warping of space and time, which could lead to more stringent tests of general relativity.

Reference: 

• Krawczynski, Henric, et al. “Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1” Science (2022): 5399.

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

Mysterious light pillars appear over Jeju Island, S. Korea 26-Oct-2022

On October 26, 2022, several light pillars appeared in the sky above South Korea’s southern island of Jeju. Meteorologists attributed the event to the high-level clouds, as the light from them reflected the light coming from the fishing boats.

What’s your opinion? Leave the comment below!

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

EXCLUSIVE: Never-before-seen photos reveal extraordinary wedge-shaped impressions and oval imprints left in a grass field by UFOs during famous 1994 sighting witnessed by more than 60 schoolchildren in Zimbabwe

• New photos obtained by DailyMail.com show imprints in the ground left by an alleged UFO that was seen by over 60 witnesses in a famous 1994 sighting in the southern African country of Zimbabwe 
• A class of 62 students at the Ariel School in Ruwa, said they saw a disc-shaped craft land in a field behind their playground on Friday September 16, 1994 - and some even claimed humanoids emerged from the craft 
• The extraordinary case has fascinated researchers for decades, however, the one element that had been lacking was physical evidence of the landing 
• Photographer Gunter Hofer, one of the first on the scene, shared his photos with DailyMail.com showing wedge-shaped impressions in the 'rock-hard' soil and an oval imprint in the grass allegedly left by the craft
• Hofer initially couldn't find anything in the area where many of the kids had seen a craft that Friday, but later realized some of them had also seen UFOs the previous day on the other end of the field 
• It was there that he found 'two oval shapes' and 'a wedge-shaped marking' that had flattened the grass 
• 'The earth there was rock-solid due to the long drought in Zimbabwe,' Hofer said. 'So whatever made that mark really dug in hard'
• The newly unearthed photo evidence was shared with DailyMail.com ahead of the release of a new documentary, Ariel Phenomenon, released Thursday, featuring interviews with the students 

By JOSH BOSWELL and CHRIS SHARP FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

New photos show imprints in a field left by an alleged UFO that was seen by over 60 witnesses in a famous 1994 sighting in Zimbabwe.

A whole class of children at the Ariel School in Ruwa drew media attention nearly 30 years ago after they said they had seen a disc-shaped craft land in a field behind their playground one Friday morning in September 1994 – and some even said they saw humanoid beings come out from the craft and communicate with them.

A Pulitzer Prize-winning head of psychiatry at Harvard interviewed many of the 62 children at length shortly after, and concluded they were telling the truth. Now adults, they have all stuck to their stories for decades.  

Previously unseen photo evidence has been shared with DailyMail.com ahead of the release of a new documentary, Ariel Phenomenon, about the astonishing incident.

The stunning revelation also comes as interest in UFOs is growing in the United States.

Over five dozen school children at the Ariel School in Ruwa, Zimbabwe claimed to have witnessed a unidentified flying craft land in a field behind their playground in September 1994

Researchers traveled to the school where they asked the kids to draw what they'd seen 'while it was fresh in their minds'

Photographer Gunter Hofer, who was one of the first on the scene documenting the incident, shared his photos which show wedge-shaped impressions allegedly left by the UFO in the grass field. He is seen posing near the 'flattened' grass

Hofer would later realize that some of the children had seen UFOs on two different days, Thursday September 15, 1994 and Friday, September 16 

The kids claimed the first alleged landing took place on the other end of the campus, which led Hofer to discover the physical evidence

A marked photo illustrates the wedge-shaped impressions found in the dry soil within the grass after the alleged UFO sighting 

On Tuesday a congressional sub committee held the first public hearings into 'unidentified aerial phenomena' (UAP) for over 50 years, prompted by continued reports of incursions by strange and highly sophisticated craft in US airspace, including near aircraft carriers and nuclear weapon silos.

In December, Congress passed a new law mandating a government UFO office to investigate such incidents.

The Ariel incident is one of the most prized UFO cases among researchers, who say that the scores of witnesses, their contemporaneous accounts and even striking drawings of the alleged craft and beings drawn the same day make for a very compelling – if unsettling– story.

The one element that had been lacking in the extraordinary case was physical evidence that something had landed in the schoolyard that morning.

But now DailyMail.com can reveal photographs of wedge-shaped impressions in the 'rock-hard' soil and an oval indentation in the long grass allegedly left by the craft.

Photographer Gunter Hofer was one of the first on the scene to document what happened, and shared his photos with DailyMail.com.

The site of the alleged second landing on Friday, September 16. Hofer explained he didn't find any evidence of a landing in this area where the ground was 'already flat, there was no grass and the surface was hard'

Students Farrayi and Guy Gibbon at Ariel School showing Hofer and the crew around the grounds beyond the playground where the UFO was seen

'I couldn't find anything in the area where many of the children had seen a craft. It was difficult, as the ground was already flat, there was no grass and the surface was hard,' he said.

'But some of the children described seeing a craft in a separate location on the savanna, which is where I found impressions in the grass.

'I found two oval shapes, one smaller and one larger. I also found what looked like a wedge-shaped marking in the ground, something had pushed in,' he said.

Hofer was first alerted to the incident the day it occurred by the BBC's man in Zimbabwe, journalist Tim Leech. 

Leech accompanied him and local UFO researcher Cynthia Hind to interview the children the following Tuesday.

'Cynthia asked the headmaster if the kids could draw what they'd seen while it was fresh in their minds,' Hofer said.

'There was a very palpable atmosphere of excitement, of course, and also confusion over what it could be.

'Most of the descriptions we got from the kids were very consistent, of a short-looking being,' he added. 'A lot of them described very large eyes.

'They couldn't describe the clothing exactly. But one of them said it reminded them of a diving suit because it was tight-fitting.'

When the schoolchildren were asked to draw their observations, some produced drawings containing two objects, one which was cigar-shaped labeled 'Thursday' and another which was disc-like or oval-shaped, labeled 'Friday'

As for the humanoids some claimed to see emerge from the craft, Hofer said that most of the students' descriptions were 'very consistent of a short-looking being' and 'a lot of them described very large eyes'

One student drew a picture of an alien that allegedly came out of the UFO in front of the group of school children

A drawing of the craft that the students said shone like water in the sun 

News of the strange encounter spread and media flocked to the school to cover the story.

Subsequent retellings focused on the children's accounts of four craft hovering and landing at the far end of the schoolyard, beings emerging and even telepathically communicating with them.

But Hofer realized some of the children had also seen UFOs the day before on the other end of the campus, which led him to discover the physical evidence.

'We noticed some of the kids drew two objects. One object looked like a cigar, and they labeled that 'Thursday',' he told DailyMail.com.

'Then they drew what they saw on Friday the 16th which is more of a disc-like, oval-shaped object.'

Hofer said two boys told him that on Thursday September 15 they saw a craft with flashing lights flying above the power lines at the other end of the playground.

'It was moving, disappeared, instantly reappeared somewhere else, and then vanished,' he said.

It was in that location he found the flattened grass and wedge markings.

'The earth there was rock-solid due to a long drought in Zimbabwe,' he said. 'So whatever made that mark really dug in hard.' 

In the weeks after the incident, head of the Harvard Department of Psychiatry John Mack flew to Zimbabwe to interview the children. He is pictured above with Ariel School headmaster Colin Mackie in 1994 

Dr Mack interviewed many of the 62 children at length shortly after, and concluded they were telling the truth

The area where the two oval impressions were spotted was inaccessible to vehicles.

Although cattle could access the area, the largest shape was about 30 ft long and there were no imprints to suggest cows walking through.

Hofer said that while he and Leech were interviewing the boys, they were distracted by a bright light shining from the nearby hills.

'On top of a nearby hill, we saw an extremely bright intense light, like someone was reflecting sunlight,' he said. 

'I went to investigate later on and could find no apparent source from where it originated from. It actually interfered with filming.'

Several of the children, now adults, were interviewed by documentary director Randall Nickerson for his new movie on the incident, Ariel Phenomenon, released Thursday

The footage featuring the bright light has never been released and Hofer has tried to obtain it from the BBC without success. Leech, a former head of the Foreign Correspondents Association, died in 2011.

According to Hofer, the children who saw the beings described them as 'moving in slow motion like they were on the moon' and speculated there may have been 'an intense gravitational field created by the craft.'

The children stand by their story to this day. Several were interviewed by documentary director Randall Nickerson for his new movie on the incident, Ariel Phenomenon, released Thursday.

Nickerson told DailyMail.com the witnesses are still impacted as adults and have suffered from PTSD.

Lisil Field, who was in Grade 4 at the time, told the documentary: 'I remember seeing two flashing lights and I saw a big silver saucer thing that was hovering, and then it landed or hovered on a stone, then I saw two figures come out, really black but their face, you could actually see not much of their face, but it was really white in color.'

Another witness, Robert Medcalf, who was in Grade 2 at the time, said: 'I suddenly realized that he's not quite normal. I didn't actually know about UFOs or aliens at the time, I just thought it was a strange person…[the being's eyes] were almost like rugby balls or American footballs, with huge eyes on the side of his face.'

Nickerson told DailyMail.com that a UFO was tracked on radar twice a day before the encounter.

An unidentified object traveling across the Atlantic at high speed was pinged first by Mexican radar, then shortly after by commercial radar operators from Johannesburg in South Africa, he said, adding that radar contact was eventually tracked to a location 'near the Zimbabwean border with Botswana.'

All of the children stand by their story to this day. In a still from the documentary above, one of the students is seen returning to the school and the site of the landing in 2015 

Witness Emily Trim is seen returning to Ariel School 20 years after the famous UFO sighting

Documentary director Randall Nickerson is a UFO experiencer himself and appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show in 1994, together with his sister, claiming they had been abducted by alien beings as children

In the weeks after the incident, the head of the Harvard Department of Psychiatry John Mack flew to Zimbabwe to interview the children.

In videotaped sessions included in Nickerson's documentary, several of the children said they received psychic messages from the beings they encountered warning them of environmental damage by humans to the planet.

Lisil Field told Mack the being didn't speak but sent her a message 'through the eyes'.

'It was like in the world all the trees would just go down and there would be no air and people will be dying. I think that in space there is no love, but down here there is,' Field said in the session with the psychiatrist.

Nickerson is a UFO experiencer himself. He appeared on the Oprah Winfrey show in 1994, together with his sister, claiming they had been abducted by alien beings as children.

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He declined to comment on the alleged abduction in an interview with DailyMail.com.

The Ariel School case resurfaced in 2020, following the release of UFO documentary The Phenomenon. 

Its director, James Fox, said he was tipped off about the incident by Steven Spielberg, the director of alien movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind.

Nickerson told DailyMail.com that he hopes his movie will make people question whether alien beings are visiting Earth.

'There is a species that's out there that's more evolved,' he said. 'The big question is, what are they doing? Because that's what we need to know. So we understand where we fall in their plan or whatever their ideas of the universe are.'

Ariel Phenomenon is out now and can be viewed at Arielphenomenon.com.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/  }

New Evidence on Ariel School UFO incident

Unseen photos show the imprints and wedge-shaped impressions left by unidentified flying objects in a field in Zimbabwe in 1994. More than 60 scholars witnessed the incident.

According to a report by DailyMail.com, the imprints left by the alleged UFO were found in the ground in Zimbabwe. The incident reportedly happened in 1994.

In September 1994, a group of students from the Ariel School in Ruwa said they saw a disc-shaped object flying across the field. Some of them also claimed that there were creatures from the UFO.

For researchers, the case has been a long-standing interest. However, they had not been able to piece together the exact details of the incident due to lack of physical evidence.

Gunter Hofer, a photographer who was one of the first individuals on the scene, shared his pictures with DailyMail.com, which showed the alleged alien craft’s oval and wedge-shaped impressions in the ground.

After initially not finding anything in the area where the students said they saw the UFO, Hofer later realized that some of them also spotted the UFO the previous day.

Upon further inspection, he came across two oval-shaped objects and a wedge-shaped mark that had flattened the grass. According to Hofer, the area where the objects were found was made of rock-solid ground due to the country’s long drought.

The photos were acquired by DailyMail.com before the release of a documentary about the incident, which features interviews with the students.

The photos show the imprints left by the alleged alien craft in the field. More than 60 witnesses reportedly saw the UFO in 1994.

Almost three decades ago, a group of students from the Ariel School drew attention after they said they saw a disc-shaped object flying across the field. Some of them also claimed that they saw creatures from the UFO.

After the incident, a psychiatrist from Harvard conducted an interview with the students to determine if they were telling the truth. He concluded that the students were telling the truth.

DailyMail.com acquired the photos before the documentary about the incident, titled Ariel Phenomenon, was released. The new revelation about the incident comes as UFO sightings are gaining interest in the US.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

The Military UFO Cover-Up That Involved An Entire Town | Aliens Are Living Amongst Us

A rancher named William Brazel, woke up for a normal day's work in New Mexico, 75 miles north of Roswell, when he made a shocking discovery.

There has been another Roswell incident that has been successfully buried by the government before the media could blow it up. And this incident does not just concern a UFO, but also an alien, that tried to run away. Aliens Are Living Amongst Us and The Military UFO Cover-Up That Involved An Entire Town.

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Most Incredible UFO Footage Ever Captured… UFOs over Volcanos, on Ground, and in Space

2021 StraWorks USA Expo - Jaime Maussan presents best visual evidence of UFOs captured by ordinary people, astronomers, and space agencies. A MUST WATCH!!!

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UFO sightings report to be provided to US congress | Today Show Australia

A UFO sightings report is set to be provided to US congress amid a growing number of sightings. Investigative reporter Jeremy Corbell joined Today to discuss its importance, insisting "these things are real".

Hundreds of UFO sightings left unexplained

A new classified report to Congress is leaving many questions unanswered. Plus, is it too soon to start shifting into the Christmas season? Richard Southern and Michelle Mackey discuss the day's interesting stories.

Upcoming govt agency report lists more than 150 UFO encounters

Daily Mail senior reporter Josh Boswell joined 'Tucker Carlson Tonight' to discuss an upcoming report from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence detailing more than 150 cases of unexplained UFO encounters in 2021

{ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uopOnwn3xuQ }

DNA Tests Reveal 3,000-year-old Paracas Skulls Are Of Unknown Human Race

Elongated skulls are a very interesting global phenomenon. Across the planet, researchers keep discovering traces of these mysterious artifacts, the nature of which supposedly defies any explanation. Many researchers enthusiastically call elongated skulls evidence of the existence of forbidden archeology. And some of them even believe that they are proof that the real history of mankind is being hidden from most of people.

According to some DNA analysis, the deformation in the skull was not created artificially but due to the genetics. The elongated skulls of the Paracas culture have other strange features. Researchers concluded that the average volume of these skulls is 25% larger than that of the average modern person. Besides, they are 60% heavier than ordinary human skulls. But that is not all.

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In 2018, a team of researchers led by Brien Foerster and L.A. Marzulli presented their DNS findings at the Elongated Skulls Symposium in Los Angeles. Foerster explained:

“The DNA results actually were incredibly complicated… It’s gonna take me some time to actually figure out what the results mean. What it does show for sure is that the Paracas elongated skull people were not 100% Native American. They were a mix or even you could say, in some ways, a hybrid of different people. Their blood types are very complicated as well, they should be blood type “O” if they’re 100% Native American and that’s not the case. We are likely looking at a sub-species of humanity as regards to the Paracas… Seems to be a lot of DNA evidence from extreme eastern Europe and extreme western Asia. More specifically I’m talking about the area in between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea where ancient elongated skull people lived I think about 3000 years ago. So I think we are looking at a migration pattern starting in the Caspian Black Sea area and then entering through the Persian Gulf and then moving eastwards eventually winding up on the coast of Peru.”

The earliest written reference to artificial cranial deformation dated back to 750 and 650 BC. In his book, “The Catalogues of Women,” the Greek poet Hesiod referred to a tribe from either Africa or India called the “Makrokephaloi” (or “Macrocephali”), which roughly translates to “the big heads.” The deformation of children’s skulls was already practiced by Huns, Goths, and Alans in the 4th and 5th centuries.

In April 2021, a video was posted on YouTube where a presenter showed elongated skulls he found in Huancavelica, a city in Peru. The presenter spoke Spanish through the video entitled “I found STRANGE and DEFORMED SKULLS in the mountains of Huancavelica.” The video went viral after some Facebook user posted it and pointed out the shape of the skull and the eye sockets as proof of alien origin.

Some experts came forward and said the skulls and eye sockets were completely normal. “The eye sockets are normal and perfectly within the range of human variation and look like eye sockets of other human skulls from Peru,” said Melissa S. Murphy, an anthropology professor at the University of Wyoming who specializes in the analysis of human remains from Peru.

The samples were sent to the genetic laboratory but to avoid influencing the result, the origin of the skulls was not informed. Interestingly, the mitochondrial DNA, inherited from the mother, presented mutations unknown to any man, primate or any other animal and the mutations suggested another human species different from Homo Sapiens, Neanderthals or Denisovans. It was reported that the people with Paracas skulls were biologically different and it would have been impossible for humans to interbreed with them.

So, who were those people? Did they evolve here on Earth on a path so different from us that they ended up looking drastically different? And what if the skulls of the Paracas culture are just the remains of aliens? The origin of the Paracas skulls is still a mystery for researchers but for now, the available evidence seems to suggest the Paracans were indeed human.

{ https://www.howandwhys.com/ }

Found: The first exoplanet outside of our Milky Way

In a galaxy far, far away lies an exoplanet circling a binary system that contains a neutron star or black hole.

The Whirlpool Galaxy (left) in X-ray and optical light. On the right is an artist’s concept of the M51-ULS-1 system with the neutron star or black hole syphoning material from its companion star. The planet is eclipsing the X-rays generated by the superheated material around the compact object.

X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/R. DiStefano, et al.; Optical: NASA/ESA/STScI/Grendler; Illustration: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss

Astronomers believe they’ve spotted the first extragalactic exoplanet beyond our own galaxy. Residing some 28 million light-years away near the heart of the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51), the binary system M51-ULS-1 consists of either a neutron star or a black hole that’s tangoing with a more standard companion star.

To find the distant planet hiding in this system, astronomers relied on X-ray data rather than more standard visual observations. “We are trying to open up a whole new arena for finding other worlds by searching for planet candidates at X-ray wavelengths, a strategy that makes it possible to discover them in other galaxies,” said study lead Rosanne Di Stefano of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in a press release.

The new research, published in Nature Astronomy, examined three galaxies: M51, M101, and M104. The team targeted more than 200 total star systems within these galaxies using the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the European Space Agency’s XMM-Newton. Within all those systems, they found only one exoplanet.

Hunting exoplanets

Researchers have mainly used two methods to spot the over 4,000 confirmed exoplanets so far. The radial velocity method measures how a star slightly wobbles when an orbiting planet around it gently tugs on its stellar host. Even though stars hold considerably more mass than the planets around them, even a petite world can cause its star to move around a bit, leaving an imprint in the star’s light.

The transit method, on the other hand, takes advantage of a planet crossing in front of its star. This briefly dims the starlight by a detectable amount. Even though planets are much smaller than their stars, researchers can measure these small but recognizable fluctuations in brightness.

Although both the radial velocity and transit methods are clearly effective, they are only useful for finding planets out to about 3,000 light-years from Earth. That’s still well within the boundaries of our Milky Way galaxy, which is about 100,000 light-years across.

So, in order to find this first extragalactic planet, scientists opted to search for passing planets within X-ray binaries. These systems would contain either a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole pulling in material from a companion star. As this material falls onto the exotic stellar remnant, it becomes superheated, producing X-rays.

Unlike with optical light transits — where a relatively small planet only blocks a tiny amount of starlight — in such binary systems, the area where X-rays are produced is tiny enough that even a planet can block a significant portion (if not all) of the X-ray light. That means that searching for X-ray transits are detectable at a much greater distances than visual transits.

In the case of the M51-ULS-1 system, the black hole or neutron star is closely orbited by a star some 20 times the mass of the Sun. This makes the system one of M51’s brightest X-ray binaries. By examining Chandra data, researchers saw that for 3 hours, the X-rays typically emanating from the system dropped to zero. According to the researchers, this suggests that a Saturn-sized exoplanet is orbiting the compact object at some 19.2 astronomical units (AU; where 1 AU is the average distance between Earth and the Sun). That’s about twice as far as Saturn is from the Sun.

Of course, an exoplanet isn’t the only explanation for why the X-ray signal could have been disrupted. X-ray sources can also be obscured by, say, a cloud of dust passing in front of it. The researchers did consider this explanation, too, but they ultimately concluded it was less likely than an exoplanet.

Unfortunately confirming the extragalactic detection will take a long time. With such a wide orbit, the candidate won’t pass in front of the source again for another 70 years.

Rough past

If M51-ULS-1 is a planet, however, the Saturn-sized object has a rather tumultuous history.

The presence of a neutron star or black hole means that once upon a time, the system was home to not just the current companion star, but also another dying star. This doomed star would have burned through all of its fuel before erupting as a supernova, bathing any planets nearby with intense radiation.

And, because the system’s massive current companion star is still kicking, it’s entirely possible that this extragalactic exoplanet might be forced to withstand another nasty supernova in the future.

{ https://jackie88.com/ }

What Happens to Hot Jupiters when their Star Becomes a Red Giant?

The study of extrasolar planets has led to some astounding discoveries, many of which have defied the expectations of astronomers and challenged our notions about the forms planetary systems can take. For example, the discovery of Jupiter-sized planets that orbit closely to their stars (“Hot Jupiters”) defied what astronomers suspected about gas giants. Previously, the general consensus was that gas giants form beyond the “Frost Line” – the boundary beyond which volatile elements (like water) freeze solid – and remain there for the rest of their lives.

Interestingly, this will happen when our Sun leaves its main sequence phase and enters its Red Giant Branch (RGB) phase. This raises the question of what happens to Hot Jupiters when their parent stars expand to become Red Giants. Using advanced 3D simulations, a team of researchers led by the Compact Object Mergers: Population Astrophysics and Statistics (COMPAS) consortium simulated how red giants will expand to engulf Hot Jupiters. Their findings could answer another mystery confronting astronomers, which is why some binary systems have one rapidly-rotating star with strange chemical compositions.

The research was led by Mike Lau, a Ph.D. student at Monash University’s School of Physics & Astronomy, and other members of the COMPAS consortium, a collaborative effort to study the evolution of binary systems. They were joined by members of The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astrophysics, Princeton University, and the Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). Their paper, “Hot Jupiter engulfment by a red giant in 3D hydrodynamics,” recently appeared in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

As Lau explained to Universe Today via email, the topic of Hot Jupiter engulfment is of interest to astrophysicists because they believe it may explain some of the “odd” stars that have been observed in our galaxy – rapidly rotating and chemically enriched giant stars. The recent explosion in exoplanet discoveries has allowed for various theories to be tested, including the possibility that when stars expand to become Red Giants, planets that used to orbit at a safe distance will spiral toward the star’s center, stirring up stellar material in the process. Said Lau:

“This is, therefore, one way of explaining observed rapidly rotating giant stars. Also, any planetary material that comes off during the in-spiral could alter stars’ surface chemical makeup. This may help us understand why a small fraction of stars are observed to be abnormally rich in lithium. Finally, we may be able to directly detect this process by looking for stars that have swollen up and brightened from eating a planet, though we will have to be very lucky to catch them in the act.“

The ability to directly observe engulfments and the resulting effect on stars will be possible thanks to next-generation space telescopes like the James Webb and ground-based telescopes with 30-meter (~98 ft) primary mirrors. This includes the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) – both of which are under construction in the Atacama desert in Chile – and the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), currently being built on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Using a combination of adaptive optics, coronographs, and spectrometers, these observatories will be able to directly detect exoplanets orbiting close to their stars.

In the meantime, Lau and his colleagues conducted a series of 3D hydrodynamic simulations that recreated the engulfment process. As he described it:

“We used a method called smoothed particle hydrodynamics. This represents the giant star and hot Jupiter as collections of particles that follows the fluid’s motion, like a ball pit but with millions of balls. This technique has also been used to visualise fluids in video games and animations. A key result from our simulation is that the hot Jupiter may lose most of its material due to friction as it spirals into the star.”

In the future, Lau and his colleagues hope that further advances in computing will allow for higher-resolution simulations. If confirmed, their results could account for rapidly-rotating stars with abnormal chemical makeups in binary systems. They also offer a preview of what future surveys will show when they examine these systems and their exoplanets and can obtain spectra from them directly.

• Further Reading: arXiv

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{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

On October 26, 2022 a columns of mysterious lights were observed over the southern island of Jeju, South Korea. 

Popularly referred to as light pillars, these streaks of light have been observed in various parts of the world on multiple occasions. 

It is said that these beams in the sky is an optical illusion wherein ice crystals in the atmosphere reflect lights from the ground.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

UFO VIDEO: 2 UFOs spotted over NYC

This UFO sighting video was filmed in the daytime sky above New York City, filmed from James Braddock park looking toward Hudson River on 2nd November 2022.

Check out the video and let me know in the comments what you think about it!

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{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Latest US intelligence report on UFOs to be made public soon

The declassified version of the latest report on alleged UFOs is expected to be released in the coming days. The report, which used to be referred to as “unidentified aerial phenomena,” was renamed in official government documents.

It’s not surprising that UFO enthusiasts would be disappointed by the lack of evidence indicating that the alleged sightings by the US military are related to alien spacecraft.

According to a report by the New York Times, the most recent incidents that caught the attention of the US authorities were mainly due to foreign surveillance. These include the flights of drones and weather balloons. However, other alleged aerial phenomena, such as those identified as UAPs, are still classified as unexplained.

Sue Gough, a Defense Department spokesperson, said in a statement that there is no single explanation as to why there have been so many reports of UAPs. The agency is currently gathering data on these sightings and will share the results of its investigation whenever possible.

In addition, she noted that the US government should avoid divulging details about its surveillance activities to other countries. This could expose intelligence-gathering information that could be used against them.

It’s not clear if the new report will provide conclusive evidence regarding the nature of the alleged alien spacecraft.

An official from the ODNI, the agency that handles UAP assessments, would not provide additional details regarding the report’s contents.

The division of the intelligence office that handles UAP assessments is partnered with a newly established Pentagon agency known as the AARO. This is a cryptically named division that focuses on identifying anomalous objects.

In June 2021, the first UAP report was presented to Congress, which identified 144 incidents involving US military aviators. Most of these were reported to have involved multiple instruments.

One of the reported incidents was attributed to a large balloon. However, the study also noted that the other incidents were beyond the government’s capabilities to explain.

In May of this year, intelligence officials from the Defense Department told Congress that the number of UAPs reported by the department had increased to 400.

At that time, the officials noted that there was no evidence suggesting that the UAPs were alien spacecraft. However, they also said that the investigations were still ongoing.

In addition, the Pentagon released videos showing the various types of objects that were spotted by Navy pilots. Some of these included objects that were described as having unusual features such as their speed and maneuverability.

According to Sue Gough, a Defense Department spokesperson, many of the reported sightings were classified as unidentified due to the lack of data collected by the sensors deployed to investigate them. The agency is currently working to improve the collection of data for future reports.

The release of the next Pentagon report is expected to coincide with the findings of a parallel study that was conducted by NASA. This study, which was also conducted without classified data, analyzed the data collected by commercial and government entities regarding UFO sightings.

Jeremy Corbell on Today Show Australia about UFO sightings report to be provided to US congress (aired on November 2, 2022)

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

SpaceX Falcon Heavy launches classified Space Force satellites, nails landings

A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket launched the USSF-44 mission for the US Space Force on Nov. 1, 2022. The rocket lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Full Story: https://www.space.com/spacex-falcon-h...

Several minutes after launch, the side boosters touched down safely back at SpaceX's landing zones at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. The core booster was not recovered to maximize fuel availability.

Credit: SpaceX

Nikola Tesla's TERRIFYING Invention Has Just Been Revealed In Old Documents

Nowadays, renowned as the ‘father of physics,’ Nikola Tesla was an unsung hero for most of history. Tesla was a visionary, a genius, and a selfless inventor who was primarily focused on harnessing electricity in a way that could power the entire world and serve humankind for eternity. He pioneered alternating current, which revolutionized the field of electricity and became the basis of the modern electric industry.

Many groundbreaking inventions are attributed to none other than the brilliant Nikola Tesla.
Throughout his career, he created pumps, turbines, speed indicators, and whatnot. Even during his declining years, he carried on his scientific research and continued his art of innovating.
Unfortunately, many of his projects stalled or remained unfinished due to a lack of consistent financial support, propaganda from rivals, prejudice, and some ill-fated life events.
In today’s video, we’ll discuss some of Nikola Tesla’s lost inventions and papers that were never released until now.

15 Leaked NASA Documents That Prove Aliens Exist!

Aliens are creatures scientists have been itching to study for decades.

Despite reports about these unique beings, scientists have not been able to decode enough information to confirm if they truly exist. This was what we were led to believe until recent information revealed that NASA has not only encountered these advanced civilizations but are also hiding them from the public. Now, some of the documents used by NASA to hide their undercover activity have finally been leaked and among them are proof that Aliens exist.
Join us as we explore 15 leaked NASA documents that prove Aliens exist

Voyager Just Announced a TERRIFYING NEW DISCOVERY After 45 Years!

Today we are going over the Voyager and the TERRIFYING New Data it sent back To Earth!

James Webb Telescope Just Detected a TERRIFYING New Discovery on Neptune:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Rulp...

The Deepest Hole On Earth was Sealed Up Because of THIS:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVlLD...

Scientists Just Discovered 100 Thousand Year Old Alien Technology

We prefer to consider technological innovation as a slow, steady, and somewhat linear process. However, this is not always the case. Archaeological digs across the world have revealed that ancient civilizations occasionally developed technologies that were decades, if not centuries, ahead of their time. It is frequently claimed that these technologies compete with or outperform current science. This, too, is a misinterpretation. Many historical super technologies, from Roman concrete to Damascus steel, were previously forgotten but have since been reconstructed by modern researchers. Any difficulty in duplicating them is usually due to a lack of original instructions rather than an inability to grasp the idea itself.
It is also incorrect to believe that ancient civilizations discovered these technologies by chance, or that they were created by eccentric geniuses who were not representative of their time and place. Despite the fact that many inventors were regarded geniuses, they cannot and should not be isolated from their surroundings. Their work is not retrograde, but rather a monument to their civilizations' intelligence and scientific capability.

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Former World Bank Executive: “Non-Human Creatures Control The World”

Zack White

For decades, the theory that a secret organization controls the world in the shadows has been around. However, it is now that an executive close to the elite who has broken her silence, revealing the truth: they are not from this planet.

One of the longest-running and most popular conspiracy theories of all speaks of a possible organization that pulls the strings of our entire society; this elite would be found within the economy, religion, industries, and entertainment, occupying quite important positions .

Despite the fact that many people discredit it, this theory gains much more strength when a former World Bank executive is the one who decides to break the silence and publicly reveal that not only does this elite exist, but that they do not belong to this world.

Who is Karen Hudes?

Karen Hudes was a fairly senior executive in the   Treasury Department of the World Bank until 2007. In her résumé, she holds degrees in Law from Yale University and Economics from the University of Amsterdam .

In addition to his work at the World Bank, he also worked for the Export-Import Bank of the United States, including working in the World Bank’s Legal Department.

Hudes’s career was impeccable and she was held in very high esteem during the 20 years she worked at the World Bank, until she was fired in 2007 as legal counsel . The reason? Denounce the corruption of the elite that is dominating the world and its possible non-human origin.

Hude’s statements

“Non-human creatures with elongated heads and an IQ over 150 control the Vatican and the world bank.”

With these words, Hudes began her public denunciation of what she personally saw when she held the position of legal advisor at the World Bank.

The lawyer and economist declared that extraterrestrial beings have been infiltrated for years in quite important positions of power. He assures that they do not belong to the human race and they are addressed as « Homo-Capensis ».

These beings have coexisted with humanity for many years, prior to the ice age.

In an interview with the news portal Next News Network , Hudes stated that, despite the fact that in the past he did not believe in any of that, he began to investigate to realize that there was historical evidence of creatures like the ones that would live today, with strangers. elongated skulls or as can be seen in Egyptian hieroglyphs.

worldwide controversy

Despite the fact that Hudes’ words have aroused great interest worldwide, to the point that television networks have wanted to interview her, she is not the first to denounce this.

The former Minister of Defense of Canada, Paul Hellyer , gave some statements in 2014 in which he assured that there are extraterrestrial beings working directly with the United States government.

We could be in control of a fairly important core of world institutions, including financial, corporate and religious to get dominance on the planet.

According to the theory, the goal of dominating these institutions is the enslavement of humanity through debt. They want to enslave all governments and politicians to give up huge financial contributions to use for their political campaigns.

Because this elite also manages the entertainment and media industry, the truth is that it is extremely difficult to find out about this.

It is obvious that our most important institutions work based on the interests of those who manage them. Hudes’ statements are just one more grain in that great hourglass that will announce the time for society to wake up.

{ https://mysteriousociety.com/ }

These Brave Astronauts’ Testimonies Leave No Doubt In Aliens & UFOs’ Existence

NASA as a whole entity has never claimed anything about UFO existence but also never denied it. However, there are a number of space agency employees including astronauts who testified seeing unimaginable things that humans are incapable to perform with today’s technology. When astronauts speak about their encounters with UFOs, they risk everything by coming forward, and as skilled observers and expert pilots, they are not easily deceived or impressed.

According to NASA, a newly created 16-member team would focus its investigation completely on declassified sightings and other data received from civilian government and commercial sectors. Astrophysicist Adam Frank says this study might not prove that aliens exist but it would bring remarkable progress being made in the scientific search for life on distant planets. Despite this, let us look into the testimonies of these brave astronauts who risked everything to bring their thoughts on the existence of UFOs and aliens.

1. James McDivitt

James A. McDivitt, a former commander of the Gemini IV and Apollo 9 missions, passed away in Tucson, Arizona, at the age of 93, on October 13, 2022. McDivitt was chosen for NASA’s second class of astronauts in September 1962.

In June 1965, he took his first flight into space as the leader of the Gemini IV mission. He was joined by fellow Air Force pilot Ed White for the program’s most daring trip to date. As part of Gemini IV, White became the first American to perform extravehicular activity (EVA), also known as a spacewalk. In addition to the spacewalk, there were claims of something possibly extraterrestrial sighted outside the ship.

Colonel James A. McDivitt witnessed three UFOs during his Gemini 4 flight in June 1965, which NASA attempted to downplay. He saw an unidentified flying object while flying above Hawaii on the second day of the operation. It “looked like a beer can or a soda can, with something like a pencil on it,” he said. This may remind some of the Navy’s Tic-Tac UFO. Unfortunately, he did not have the opportunity to focus or change the exposure of the photographs.

McDivitt ruled out the likelihood that the object was the second stage of the Titan rocket that launched the Gemini 4. One of the most commonplace theories he could think of was that it was a man-made satellite. The famed Air Force Condon Committee’s UFO research experts considered this factor. However, they were unable to pinpoint any satellite as the source of the problem.

Here are two different, brief interviews, courtesy of Eyes on Cinema, in which McDivitt closes his conversation by stating that he believes extraterrestrials exist and that we are not alone.

“It was during the flight of Gemini 4 Mario in June of 1965. It was a white object… had a long white tube sticking out of it. I tried to take some pictures but because of the way the camera was set and the way the light was shining on the windshield we never really got anything back except a couple beautiful sunspots on the window.”

“Do you still believe that it was a UFO that you saw in that flight in orbit?” television news reporter Mario Machado asked. McDivitt explained: “Well, it was a UFO… whether or not it was a flight from another planet I don’t really know.”

“General, are you saying you believe that life exists elsewhere in the universe?” McDivitt replied: “I really do. I think it would be very naive and really super egotistical on our part to believe that we’re the only form of life in this vast Universe in which we live.”

Read also:

• Filmmaker James Fox Claims ’35-Sec Video Of Alien Exists’ From Brazil 1996 UFO Crash
• Astronomer Jacques Vallée ‘Trinity’ UFO Crash: Encounter With Three Aliens In 1945
• Ex-Russian Space Chief Believes Aliens Exist & Might Study Humans Like Bacteria
• Ex-CIA Officer: Truth About UFOs Is Terrifying & Interdimensional Beings Are Within Us

2. Astronaut Gordon Cooper

Space pioneer Leroy Gordon Cooper, who died in 2004, believed in the existence of aliens who had been traveling from other habitable places to Earth. Cooper was one of the seven astronauts of Project Mercury, the first human space program to get a man on the Moon before the Soviet Union. He traveled to space as part of the manned mission Mercury-Atlas 9, which took place in 1963. Then, in 1965, he set a new space endurance record by traveling 3.3 million miles aboard Gemini 5 to prove that astronauts could survive in space on a journey to Moon and back to Earth. (Click here to read the full story)

Cooper said in an interview that he saw a UFO for the first time in his life in the early 1950s, when he was posted at Landstuhl Air Base, West Germany. He said that during that time, Russian MiG-15s often flew over to his base. So, once he was flying at 15,000 meters and saw strange vehicles that flew in formation much higher and faster than their aircraft. He claimed that they were disc-shaped with metallic casing.

“They were flying quite high how high we couldn’t tell because we couldn’t get anywhere near their altitude but they were either very large craft way up or smaller crafts still well above what we can get.”

In 1957, when Cooper served as a test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base in California, he saw a flying saucer with a diameter of about 10 meters that hovered nearby and landed on the dried lake. He said: “I had a camera crew filming the installation when they spotted a saucer. They filmed it as it flew overhead, then hovered, extended three legs as landing gear, and slowly came down to land on a dry lake bed.”

“And they picked up their cameras and started over toward it filming as they went. And when they got in fairly close, it lifted up, put the gear back in the wheel, tipped up and took off at a great rate of speed. and so they came into my office and told me what happened,” Cooper claimed.

After that, Cooper sent the recordings to Washington and filed a report of the UFO encounter. “After a while, a high-ranking officer said when the film was developed I was to put it in a pouch and send it to Washington and I don’t know whether anyone’s ever seen it since. He did not say anything about me not looking at the film. That’s what I did when it came back from the lab and it was all there just like the camera crew reported.” The saucer was similar to the one he encountered in 1951.

3. Astronaut Edgar Mitchell

The legendary incident that happened in 1947 was indeed real, according to moon-walking astronaut Edgar Mitchell. He claimed in his interviews that he had informants that had told him about the inside story of Roswell, but he never disclosed their names.

“Make no mistake, Roswell happened. I’ve seen secret files which show the government knew about it — but decided not to tell the public,” claimed Edgar Mitchell, Ph.D., Apollo 14 Astronaut.

In February 1971, after the successful completion of the mission, the Apollo 14 crew returned to Earth. Alan Shepard and Edgar Mitchell became the fifth and sixth astronauts to walk on the moon’s surface. While Shepard chose to live in the glory, Mitchell became the main troublemaker for many years. (Click here to read the full story)

He publicly accepted the existence of aliens after being on the Moon and stuck to it until his death. He accused the US government of hiding the truth about contact with aliens. Immediately after his return, Mitchell left NASA and immersed himself in studying UFOs, ancient history, and human consciousness.

According to Mitchell, he once had a confidential conversation with a Navy admiral, who secretly told him that in fact, aliens had established contact with the government back in the early 1940s. They were interested in earthly weapons, primarily the atomic bomb. At the very beginning of the Cold War between the USSR and the USA, aliens often came to Earth because they feared nuclear war and tried to influence the world elites in some way.

In another interview, Mitchell claimed that his words were distorted by journalists. The admiral did tell him that the government had been aware of the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence since the early 1940s and was covering up authenticated UFO sightings. However, he never spoke of any interference in political affairs. He did not give the names of his high-ranking informant from the Navy, so as not to substitute him.

Michell, who claims he briefed the highest members of the Pentagon, says the reality that there was an advanced civilization that could penetrate our air defenses at will and that we could not stop them in any way, shape, or form, immediately doomed the Roswell incident to become one of the greatest coverups in history — even TODAY!

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

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Hubble telescope peeks through 'cosmic keyhole' in stunning photo

Stunned archaeologists: “Tombs of giants found in Crimea”

During archaeological excavations in Crimea , experts discovered a necropolis of the Byzantine Empire where the tomb of a giant was .

Then, in the Middle Ages , the necropolis was created on top of all the ancient remains. For this reason it has become difficult for archaeologists to give an exact interpretation of the origin of everything found.

At the moment, the experts are in negotiations with the diocese of Kerch-Feodosia to be able to extract the remains found and examine them better.

Experts continue to investigate the origin of the mysterious skeleton and the reason for its abnormal size. In addition to finding an explanation for its origins.

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Ex-Pentagon Scientist, Vallée & FBI Report Suggest Interdimensional Beings Exist Among Us

The idea that extraterrestrials could be interdimensional beings is advanced by many UFO researchers. This hypothesis seems to take a serious turn after the Skinwalker Ranch incidents, as well as astronomer and UFO researcher Jacques Vallée’s suggestion that aliens are real but exist in another dimension that coexists with ours.

The extraterrestrial hypothesis has remained the primary explanation for UFOs by many experts. However, there are many ufologists that have abandoned it in favor of the interdimensional hypothesis. Paranormal researcher Brad Steiger wrote: “We are dealing with a multidimensional paraphysical phenomenon that is largely indigenous to planet Earth.”

The interdimensional hypothesis is viewed as an alternative to the popular extraterrestrial hypothesis, which is advanced by such experts as Meade Layne, John Keel, J. Allen Hynek, and Jacques Vallée. According to it, UFOs are a modern manifestation of a phenomenon that has occurred throughout recorded human history, which in prior ages were ascribed to mythological or supernatural creatures.

Jacques Vallée states that UFOs and related events of a paranormal nature involve visitations from other “realities” or “dimensions.” The idea proposes that these alternate realities exist separately yet parallel to our own. In 1975’s The Edge of Reality, Vallée and Hynek considered the possibility of what they call “interlocking universes.”

According to Hynek, “There could be other universe with different quantum rules or vibration rates if you want. Our own space-time continuum could be a cross-section through a universe with many more dimensions… Think what a hard time you would have convincing an aborigine that right now, through this room, TV pictures are passing! Yet they’re here. You have to have a transducer to see them – namely a TV set. Well, in the same sense there may be interlocking universes right here! We have this idea of space, we always think of another universe being someplace else. It may not. Maybe it’s right here.”

In his 1969 book “Passport to Magonia: On UFOS, Folkore and Parallel Worlds,” Vallée argues for a “parallel universe co-existing with our own.” The idea was reiterated in Vallée’s subsequent writings. He summarized his objection in his 1990 paper “Five Arguments Against the Extraterrestrial Origin of Unidentified Flying Objects”:

1. Unexplained close encounters are far more numerous than required for any physical survey of the earth;
2. The humanoid body structure of the alleged “aliens” is not likely to have originated on another planet and is not biologically adapted to space travel;
3. The reported behavior in thousands of abduction reports contradicts the hypothesis of genetic or scientific experimentation on humans by an advanced race;
4. The extension of the phenomenon throughout recorded human history demonstrates that UFOs are not a contemporary phenomenon;
5. The apparent ability of UFOs to manipulate space and time suggests radically different and richer alternatives.

A study published in ResearchGate proposes that there must be an interdimensional membrane that protects one dimension from the other, and the interdimensional tunnels that exist in between (connecting) those dimensions must have an unstable entrance, wandering unpredictably from one hyper-surface to another. There, if anyone gets caught in any of those tunnels’ entrance, devoid of any singularities and horizons, then they ought to travel to the other dimensions that will always be >4 as permitted by the laws of physics standing on the 4D universe.

Read also:

• Jeremy Corbell’s New Video May Prove Bob Lazar Worked At Secret UFO Base In Area-51
• Harvard Professor Claims Galileo Project UFO/UAPs/Alien Data Will Be Public By 2023, No Secrets
• Ex-CIA Officer Encoded True UFO/Alien Information Into Novel, Another CIA Vet Confirmed
• Ex-Pentagon UFO Hunter Says Most Of US Navy UFO Videos Are Not Classified

American journalist John Keel (1930-2009) was a believer in extraterrestrials and speculated that the stories from folklore and religious texts were proof that humanity had indeed made contact with another form of intelligent life, but that they were not from outer space. Instead, they were beings from other dimensions: ultraterrestrials. Keel theorized that those beings could shapeshift to look like anything, and attributed them to stories of demons, monsters, angels, ogres and changelings. He thought those ultraterrestrials likely had a sense of right and wrong, and that they were capable of manipulating the mankind.

One of the benefits of the Interdimensional Hypothesis according to Hilary Evans (1929-2011), a British pictorial archivist, author, and researcher into UFOs and other paranormal phenomena, is that it can explain the apparent ability of UFOs to appear and disappear not only from sight but from radar; as the interdimensional UFO’s can enter and leave our dimension at will, meaning they have the ability to materialize and dematerialize.

On the other hand, Evans argues that if the other dimension is slightly more advanced than ours, or is perhaps our own future, this would explain the tendency of UFOs to represent technologies close to the future.

One of the most fascinating documents about aliens as interdimensional beings was found in the FBI archives. Memorandum 6751(dated July 8, 1947) is most important to the UFOlogy, according to former FBI Special Agent John DeSouza. According to the report, among other species, we are visited by creatures not only from other planets but from other dimensions as well. In particular, they are from the etheric plane coexisting with our physical Universe, materialized entities that appeared as translucent giants.

Memo 6751 remained classified for 63 years until Executive Order 13526, which allowed for its declassification and release. The memo may not be a “smoking gun,” but it is significant that it remained untouched from the disinformation campaigns of the Project Grudge, Blue Book.

Could the phenomena at the Utah ranch, a.k.a. Skinwalker Ranch have been the result of interdimensional beings or time travelers accessing our space-time continuum, or physical beings jumping across vast interstellar distances via wormholes or stargates?

Dr. Travis Taylor joined businessman Brandon Fugals’s team at Fugals’s infamous Skinwalker ranch three years ago and firmly believed he would be able to resolve the ranch’s assorted mysteries in short order. But the longer he stayed, the stranger things became.

In his recent interview with investigative journalist George Knapp, he said: “You know, I had never seen a UFO until I got out there. Now, I have seen more UFOs now than you can count.”

In the surprisingly candid and wide-ranging interview, Dr. Taylor shared his opinion about the role of science in the pursuit of the unknown, his personal experience with strange phenomena on Skinwalker Ranch, the physical effects of close encounter cases, and the mysterious “hitchhiker effect” that multiple UFO/paranormal eyewitnesses had reported.

In his opinion, this unexplained phenomenon can be different for people in regards to their brain activity. Hypothetically speaking, he said that the phenomenon can be connected to different planes in the universe. He added that he could go along with the idea of a portal but was not sure. He believes it is bizarre but there is some truth to it.

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“Hier gaan we weer”: opnieuw gaat puinstuk van Chinese raket op de aarde neerstorten en niemand die weet waar

“Hier gaan we weer”, zuchten experts. Opnieuw zal ruimtepuin afkomstig van een Chinese raket ergens neerstorten op aarde. Kenners schatten dat de kern van de bewuste draagraket dit weekend zal terugkeren in onze atmosfeer. Maar niemand weet waar brokstukken juist zullen neerkomen. Slechts twee dingen zijn wel zeker. Eén als een gebouw van 10 verdiepingen is op dit eigenste, een raketkern van 21 ton zwaar en zo groot moment ongecontroleerd aan het vallen. En twee, waarschijnlijk zal niet alles van het ruimteschroot kunnen opbranden in de atmosfeer. Twee jaar geleden kwam er puin van een Chinese raket neer in bewoond gebied, in Ivoorkust. Daarbij raakten verschillende huizen beschadigd.

China lanceerde maandag op Halloween het derde en laatste onderdeel van zijn eigen ruimtestation ‘Tiangong’, of ‘Hemels Paleis’. De module ‘Mengtian’ (‘Dromen van de hemel’) werd gelanceerd bovenop een krachtige Lange Mars 5B-raket en koppelde zowat 13 uur later aan de andere twee delen.

Lees ook

• 

  Laatste onderdeel met succes aan Chinees ruimtestation gekoppeld

• 

  Oude satellieten moeten sneller worden opgeruimd uit de ruimte, zegt communicatiewaakhond

Vrije val

Een nieuwe Chinese lancering, dat betekent ook een nieuwe, ongecontroleerde terugkeer van een raketkern. Want net als bij vorige lanceringen met de Lange Mars 5B-raket - een van de krachtigste draagraketten ter wereld - valt de kern van de grote Chinese raket nu wild en tuimelend weer naar de aarde.

Het ontwerp van de ‘Lange Mars 5B’-raket laat na lancering simpelweg niet meer toe om het tuig te sturen om op een bepaald punt neer te storten. De meeste andere ruimteraketten maken veel minder snelheid en keren terug op de aarde op een vooraf vastgestelde locatie. Zo is deze raket niet gebouwd. De kolos - ook wel ‘Pang-Wu’ of ‘Dikke Vijf’genoemd - valt na gebruik ook niet in kleinere delen uit elkaar, wat de internationale norm is. Grote raketten zoals de Lange Mars-5B kunnen niet volledig vernietigd worden, waardoor er brokstukken neerkomen op aarde.

Blik op de Lange Mars 5B-raket in China vorige week, voor de lancering van de derde en laatste module voor het Chinese ruimtestation.  © AP

“Gebrekkig ontwerp”

“Het ontwerp van de raket is gebrekkig vergeleken met de huidige norm van andere landen”, legde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell van het Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics uit in mei vorig jaar. China had iets daarvoor het startschot gegeven voor de bouw van het eigen ruimtestation met de lancering van de allereerste module. Ook toen buitelde er daarna dus een raketdeel van zo’n 21 ton weer richting aarde.

Na veel speculaties over waar en wanneer de boel zou neerkomen en veel kritiek op de Chinese manier van werken, belandde het ruimteschroot dagen later weer in de atmosfeer boven de Indische Oceaan, in de buurt van de Malediven. Volgens Peking was “het grootste deel” opgebrand. Het is niet duidelijk hoeveel brokstukken er wel door de mazen van het net zijn geglipt en hoe groot ze waren bij de uiteindelijke plons in het water.

“Het lijkt erop dat China gegokt en gewonnen heeft”, reageerde McDowell achteraf op Twitter. “Maar dat maakt de gang van zaken er niet minder roekeloos op.”

Beeld van de lancering eind april 2021 van de eerste module.  © AFP

En nog eens

In juli van dit jaar was het dan nog eens tijd voor een nagelbijtend spelletje return to sender.

Het puin van die Chinese Lange Mars-raket viel uiteindelijk opnieuw uit elkaar ergens boven de Indische Oceaan, meldde het Amerikaanse leger - zonder te specificeren of ergens schade was veroorzaakt. Volgens ruimtenieuwswebsite ‘Space.com’ overleefde zo’n 5 tot 9 ton de val door de atmosfeer. Er zijn ook brokstukken op land terechtgekomen. In Indonesië en in Maleisië werden wat later op de grond onderdelen teruggevonden.

© Shutterstock / True Touch Lifestyle

Risico’s

NASA-topman Bill Nelson tweette destijds geïrriteerd dat “alle landen die ruimteactiviteiten uitvoeren zich zouden moeten houden aan de afgesproken praktijken”. Het neerstorten van een raket van die grootte “brengt grote risico’s met zich mee voor menselijke en materiële verliezen”, laakte hij. Hij beklemtoonde ook dat China in communicatie moet staan met de rest van de wereld over rakettrajecten.

Meerdere ruimtedeskundigen noemden het handelen van China “onverantwoord”. Het land zelf wuift de kritiek weg door te beklemtonen dat de risico’s “extreem laag” zijn. Bezorgdheden worden afgedaan als “een westerse hype”.

We hebben toen veel geluk gehad dat niemand gewond is geraakt.

Astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell

Huizen beschadigd in Ivoorkust

Ook al is de kans op schade of erger, slachtoffers, inderdaad heel klein - het kan wel degelijk misgaan. Na de eerste vlucht van het nieuwe rakettype in mei 2020 is al eens puin neergekomen in bewoond gebied, in Ivoorkust. Daarbij raakten verschillende huizen beschadigd.

“Het kan potentieel ook niet goed gaan”, bevestigde astrofysicus Jonathan McDowell vorig jaar aan de Britse krant ‘The Guardian’. “De lancering van de Lange Mars 5B-raket eindigde in 2020 in grote, lange metalen staven vliegend door de lucht en beschadigde gebouwen in Ivoorkust. Het meeste van het puin brandde toen op, maar toch waren er enorme stukken metaal die de grond raakten. We hebben toen veel geluk gehad dat niemand gewond is geraakt.”

Risico

“Hier gaan we weer”, klonk het gisteren bij Ted Muelhaupt van het Amerikaanse instituut The Aerospace Corporation. Tijdens een briefing van experts wees hij erop dat “niemand zijn leven moet aanpassen” in het licht van de neerstortende Chinese brokstukken. “Je hebt veel grotere kansen om vanavond de loterij te winnen dan dat je door dit object zal geraakt worden. Het risico voor één individu is 6 op 10 biljoen.”

De experten toonden zich evenwel geïrriteerd dat het raketpuin wel degelijk ook in bewoond gebied kán vallen. Volgens ‘Space.com’ voorspellen wetenschappers dat 20 tot 40 procent van de raketkern in de atmosfeer zal overleven en dus het aardoppervlak zal raken. Welk oppervlak valt af te wachten. Vermoedelijk en hopelijk in water. Onder meer The Aerospace Corporation volgt de terugkeer van de raketkern op de voet.

Lees ook:

• ‘Ongecontroleerde’ Chinese raket valt uit elkaar boven Indische Oceaan

• Vermoedelijk stuk ruimteafval van SpaceX neergestort in weide van Australische boer: “Precies een verbrande boom”

• Na alarm in ISS rond opgeblazen Russische satelliet vliegt ruimtepuin nu rakelings langs Chinese satelliet: “Extreem gevaarlijk incident”

• Belgische experten werken op vraag van EU aan ruimteverkeersleiding: “Er dreigen botsingen tussen ruimtepuin en onbestuurbare satellieten” (+)

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

The Moon had Volcanoes More Recently Than Previously Believed

Fifty years ago, NASA and the Soviet space program conducted the first sample-return missions from the Moon. This included lunar rocks brought back to Earth by the Apollo astronauts and those obtained by robotic missions that were part of the Soviet Luna Program. The analysis of these rocks revealed a great deal about the Moon’s composition, formation, and geological history. In particular, scientists concluded that the rocks were formed from volcanic eruptions more than three billion years ago.

In recent years, there has been a resurgence in lunar exploration as NASA and other space agencies have sent robotic missions to the Moon (in preparation for crewed missions). For instance, China has sent multiple orbiters, landers, and rovers to the Moon as part of the Chang’e program, including sample-return missions. A new study led by planetary scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) analyzed samples obtained by the Chang’e-5 rover dated to two billion years ago. Their research could provide valuable insight into how young volcanism shaped the lunar surface.

The research was conducted by a team from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IGGCAS), led by Dr. Su Bin, Dr. Yuan Jiangyan, and Dr. Chen Yi – members of the IGGCAS Laboratory of LIthospheric Evolution and Earth and Planetary Physics. They were joined by researchers from the Lunar and Planetary Science Institute (LPSI) at Nanjing University and the CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology. A paper that describes their findings appeared in the journal Science Advances on October 21st.

Based on samples returned from the Apollo and Luna missions, scientists theorized that the Moon has been geologically dead for the past three billion years. However, the new samples of lunar rock obtained by the Chang’e-5 mission (and returned to Earth in 2021) were only 2 billion years old, indicating that volcanic activity occurred at least a billion years longer than previously expected. As a small rocky body, the heat that fueled volcanism on the Moon should have been lost long before these eruptions occurred.

Previously, scientists speculated that late-stage volcanism might have been driven by elevated water content or the decay of radioactive elements in the lunar mantle. However, the many analyses performed on the samples obtained by the Chang’e-5 rover have ruled out this consensus. Based on their analysis, the CAS researchers found that minerals with low-melting points in the mantle could have allowed for compression, leading to young volcanism. Prof. Chen explained in a recent CAS statement:

“Recent melting of the lunar mantle can be achieved by either raising the temperature or lowering the melting point,” he said. “To better understand this problem, we should estimate the temperature and pressure in which the young volcanism was created.”

For their analysis, the CAS team conducted a series of fractional crystallization and lunar mantle melting simulations that compared 27 basalt clasts obtained by the Chang’e-5 mission to those returned by the Apollo missions. They found that the young magma samples had higher calcium oxide and titanium oxide concentrations than older Apollo magma samples. The presence of these minerals, which are more easily melted than earlier mineral cumulates in the lunar mantle, means that volcanism would have been gravitationally-driven and caused material in the mantle to overturn.

Their analysis revealed that the mantle’s compression could have occurred at similar depths but under cooler temperatures that would have still produced volcanoes. This research is not dissimilar to what planetary scientists have learned about Mars in recent years. Billions of years ago, the Red Planet had thousands of eruptions on its surface, some of which resulted in the largest volcanoes in the Solar System (like Olympus Mons). Scientists suspected that Mars became geologically dead as its interior cooled. But recent findings indicate that it may still experience limited volcanic activity.

This study presents the first viable explanation for young volcanism on the Moon that is compatible with the samples returned by the Chang’e-5 rover. This study could inform future planetary studies of the Moon’s thermal and geological evolution. As Dr. Su indicated:

“This is a fascinating result, indicating a significant contribution of late-stage lunar magma ocean cumulates to the Chang’e-5 volcanic formation. We discovered that the Chang’e-5 magma was produced at similar depths but 80 degrees Celsius cooler than older Apollo magmas. That means the lunar mantle experienced a sustained, slow cooling of 80 degrees Celsius from some 3 billion years to 2 billion years ago.”

Further Reading: 

• Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Advances

The post The Moon had Volcanoes More Recently Than Previously Believed appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/158419/the-moon-had-volcanoes-more-recently-than-previously-believed/

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Scientists Piece Together the Shoreline of an Ancient Ocean on Mars

Scientists have long suspected that Mars was once warm and wet in its ancient past. The Mars Ocean Hypothesis says that the planet was home to a large ocean around 4 billion years ago. The ocean filled the Vastitas Borealis basin in the planet’s northern hemisphere. The basin is 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below Mars’ mean elevation.

A new topographic map of Mars reinforces the hypothesis and adds more detail.

A new study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets presents the new map. The study is “Paleogeographic Reconstructions of an Ocean Margin on Mars Based on Deltaic Sedimentology at Aeolis Dorsa,” and the lead author is Benjamin Cardenas, an assistant professor of geosciences at Penn State University.

The map is focused on a region of Mars informally named Aeolis Dorsa. Aeolis Dorsa is a trough-like region in Mars’ northern hemisphere that’s about 500 km wide and 900 km long (300 miles wide and 560 miles long.) To the east and west of the region are plains 2 km (1.25 miles) high, named Zephyria Planum and Aeolis Planum. To the south are steep slopes that rise up to the southern hemisphere. The region is about 750 km east of Gale Crater, where MSL Curiosity is exploring.

According to the authors, the Aeolis Dorsa region is the shoreline of an ancient ocean. The region contains more than 6,500 km (4,000 miles) of fluvial ridges and is Mars’ most dense region of fluvial ridges. Fluvial ridges are elongated troughs carved by flowing water and are likely eroded river deltas or submarine-channel belts. The researchers used orbiter images of the region taken from different angles to reconstruct the topography. The topography revealed the presence of a 3.5 billion-year-old shoreline. There are sedimentary deposits over 900 meters (2950 feet) deep in the region that have since been eroded to different degrees.

As part of their study, the authors organized Aeolis Dorsa’s 6,500 km (4,000 miles) of fluvial ridges into 20 systems. As eroded remnants of river deltas or submarine-channel belts, they define the edges of the margin of the ancient ocean.

Aeolis Dorsa is a sedimentary basin, and scientists know from studying Earth how much geological information these basins hold. The basins contain a record of sediment deposits over geological time scales, which scientists refer to as ‘stratigraphic succession.’ On Earth, sedimentary basins also hold a lot of resources. Earth’s coal, natural gas, and petroleum are found in these basins.

Mars won’t have these resources, but the basins contain stratigraphic records of geological periods.

“The rocks in Aeolis Dorsa capture some fascinating information about what the ocean was like,” said lead author Cardenas in a press release. “It was dynamic. The sea level rose significantly. Rocks were being deposited along its basins at a fast rate. There was a lot of change happening here.”

Stratigraphy played a vital role in this research. Stratigraphy is the geological study of layers of rock. It’s been around since 1669 when Catholic Priest Nicholas Steno established its theoretical groundwork. It’s a critical component of understanding Earth’s history; scientists use it to track changes in waterways over long periods. Stratigraphic records contain the record of Earth’s changing climate and evolving life over time.

It only makes sense to look for sedimentary basins on Mars for clues on that planet’s history. Water is critical in our quest to understand Mars and its ancient habitability. And stratigraphy is how researchers can understand how all that sediment built up over time as changing water levels caused the shoreline to advance and retreat.

“By grouping landforms based on stratigraphic position and paleoflow directions, we reconstructed
the paleogeography at Aeolis Dorsa over 5 timesteps; all cases differ from the modern topography,” the authors explain in their paper. “We tracked the initial regression and later transgression of a shoreline during at least 900 m of sea-level rise, a scale consistent with a northern ocean on a warm and wet early Mars.”

In a way, there’s not much surprising or exotic about these findings. When water moves around on a planet’s surface, this is the evidence it leaves behind. But this is Mars, and even a couple of decades ago, the Mars Ocean Hypothesis had a controversial side to it. There were naysayers when the Viking orbiters captured images of what looked like shorelines on Mars.

Viking found shorelines thousands of kilometres long, but orbital data from the Mars Global Surveyor found they rose and fell several kilometres in altitude. There’s nothing like that on Earth, and skeptics pointed that out. Then a paper from 2007 showed that Mars’ spin axis shifted by almost 3,000 km in the past 2 or 3 billion years. That could’ve accounted for the enormous changes in shoreline elevations on Mars.

This is where stratigraphy comes in. The stratigraphy in Aeolis Dorsa is very similar to Earth’s; it just wasn’t apparent decades ago.

“The stratigraphy that we’re interpreting here is quite similar to stratigraphy on Earth,” Cardenas said. “Yes, it sounds like a big claim to say we’ve discovered records of large waterways on Mars, but in reality, this is relatively mundane stratigraphy. It’s textbook geology once you recognize it for what it is. The interesting part, of course, is it’s on Mars.”

Cells are the building blocks of living things, and they need liquid. Water provides pressure inside cells, which keeps everything inside the cell in the right shape. Without the proper form, the parts of the cell can’t function properly, and there’s no rigidity inside a cell. Without water, it’s all over. In fact, cells are about 70% water by mass.

So the search for ancient life on Mars is intertwined with the search for ancient water. Since scientists think that shorelines on Earth were likely where life started, it makes sense to find shorelines on Mars as part of our search for ancient habitability. That’s why NASA’s Perseverance rover is exploring the sedimentary delta in Jezero Crater, and MSL Curiosity is exploring Gale Crater.

“A major goal for the Mars Curiosity rover missions is to look for signs of life,” Cardenas said. “It’s always been looking for water, for traces of habitable life. This is the biggest one yet. It’s a giant body of water, fed by sediments coming from the highlands, presumably carrying nutrients. If there were tides on ancient Mars, they would have been here, gently bringing in and out water. This is exactly the type of place where ancient Martian life could have evolved.”

More:

• Press Release: Traces of ancient ocean discovered on Mars
• Published Research: Paleogeographic Reconstructions of an Ocean Margin on Mars Based on Deltaic Sedimentology at Aeolis Dorsa
• Universe Today: The Scientific Debate Rages on: Is there Water Under Mars’ South Pole?

The post Scientists Piece Together the Shoreline of an Ancient Ocean on Mars appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/158429/scientists-piece-together-the-shoreline-of-an-ancient-ocean-on-mars/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

You Can Help Measure Light Pollution with Your Phone

There’s no question that light pollution is a growing problem. Thankfully many scientists and advocates are working for change. And you can be a part of that change with a simple app that you can download to catalog the street lights in your neighborhood.

The continued expansion of street lights, traffic lights, security lights, and home lighting across the globe has a variety of disastrous consequences. For one, increased light pollution reduces our access to the night sky. We simply don’t get to see the same stars and constellations that our ancestors did, and we can potentially lose that rich cultural heritage.

In addition, the increased use of lights at night by humans also disrupts many biological processes. For example, animals that rely on night vision can have their rhythms disrupted. Or certain blooms that only happen in periods of strong moonlight can be reduced due to human interference. 

While many satellites can map out the total amount of light pollution in a given area on the globe, they have one major weakness. Satellites have difficulty measuring the amount of blue versus red light, because the blue light more easily scatters in the atmosphere. Different satellites and different measuring techniques can give wildly different estimates for the amount of blue light pollution, differing by as much as 200%.

Measuring the color of the light is important because not every biological process is sensitive to the all colors of light equally. For example, one species of nocturnal animal may be absolutely fine with redder colored night lighting, but be completely disrupted by blueish hues.

To tackle this, a team of astronomers have proposed a new citizen science project. The project consists of an app that you can download onto your smartphone. You then simply take pictures of any of the light sources that you see. The app then measures the spectrum of that light and estimates the amount of different colors. For example, common street lights usually use sodium, which gives them an orange hue, while home security lights and headlights tend to be bluer.

The app will then upload the information to a database tagged with your location and correlate that information with light pollution maps given by satellites. This way, the astronomers hope to correct and calibrate the information provided by the satellites so that we have a more accurate measurement of the color spectrum of our light pollution.

The team of astronomers have already completed a pilot program to demonstrate that their app pipeline and data acquisition and calibration steps all work correctly. They are now advocating to roll out the app worldwide to engage more citizen scientists. If you’d like to participate, you can check out this link.

The post You Can Help Measure Light Pollution with Your Phone appeared first on Universe Today.

Source: 

• https://www.universetoday.com/158440/you-can-help-measure-light-pollution-with-your-phone/

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

LATEST UFO SIGHTINGS AND VIDEOS

‘Buitenaards leven kan niet eens contact met ons maken’

De Amerikaanse regering maakt dinsdag een rapport openbaar over het bestaan van ufo’s. Vincent Icke, theoretisch sterrenkundige, blikt vooruit op het veelbesproken moment.

Are Aliens Patrolling Us? More Interstellar Visitors Now in the Solar System

Shaped like an elongated cigar, by the time it was spotted it had already zipped by our own Sun, performed a slick hairpin turn, and begun hurtling off in another direction.
Two things in particular fixated scientists. The first was its mysterious acceleration away from the Sun, which was hard to reconcile with many ideas about what it might have been made of. The second was its peculiar shape – by some estimates, it was 10 times as long as it was wide.
Are Aliens Patrolling Us? More Interstellar Visitors Now in the Solar System

André Kuipers: 'Binnen 10 jaar vinden we buitenaards leven

Ufo-meldpunt legt uit: 'Kregen heel bijzondere melding binnen'

Het blijft een mysterieus fenomeen: ufo's. De Unidentified flying objects worden bijna altijd in een zin genoemd met buitenaards leven of tijdreizigers. Maar is dat ook zo?

Caught On Camera - The US Navy UFO

The United States military flat-out and repeatedly denied any possibility of extra-terrestrial craft as accounting for any sightings or footage of strange flying objects or lights in the sky.

Instead, everything from weather balloons to optical illusions caused by natural phenomena were offered as perfectly logical reasons for the sightings.

The official military line was always the same: deny, deny, deny.

That all changed in 2017, when the New York Times released not one but three short videos taken by U.S. Navy pilots showing footage of craft supposedly acting in ways that defied known physics and logic regarding aviation and aerodynamics.

Suddenly, it seemed that the U.S. military was using three words that it had never publicly uttered before: “unidentified aerial phenomena,” or UAPs as the media quickly dubbed them.

The focus of this video will be on the first of these filmed encounters, which took place in 2004 and was observed by pilots from the aircraft carrier, the USS Nimitz.

The unidentified craft or UAP in question exhibited speed and manoeuvrability that stunned the pilots who were tracking it. FLIR 1 UAP

And what was being tracked in the video looked oblong and white in shape, akin to a giant pill or Tic-Tac breath mint, which is why it became known as the ‘Tic-Tac UFO’.

So, what happened out there over the loney Pacific Ocean in November 2004? And why is it so darn terrifying?

Pride of the US fleet, the nuclear-powered USS Nimitz,
was operating training exercises off the coast of mexico in winter of 2004.

The Nimitz was ordinarily docked at the U.S. Navy base in San Diego, so its manoeuvres in the Pacific Ocean that November could be considered ‘close to home’ and routine.

It’s Strike Group also included smaller missile cruiser, the USS Princeton.

This state of the art ship was testing a new highly advanced radar on board, which had been picking up mysterious objects for several days prior..

By that morning on the 14th, it was decided on the Princeton that these unidentified objects had to be somehow intercepted - and if possible, stopped!

The carrier group had two fighter jets already performing training missions in the area, and it was thought that it would be their best bet at witnessing what ever the heck these objects where.

They were ordered to stop their training and immediately proceed to new coordinates for what the operations officer on board the Princeton called “a real-world task”.

Fighter jet pilots Alex Dietrich, and her them commanding officer, David Fravor, were the two pilots tasked to investigate the mysterious radar contacts.

Upon approaching the designated area where the radar contact had been located, they first noticed an unusual ‘churning’ of the ocean surface.

A foaming mass that looked like a large aircraft submerged under the water.

But its what they witnessed next that was even more unsettling.

The pilots then saw what they described as a smooth, white oblong object that looked like a giant Tic-Tac breath mint skimming about 50 metres or 164 feet above the waves and flying at what looked like a very high speed. Erratically and changing directions without any care to physics.

At first they thought it was a helicopter, but the lack of rotors and the sheer bone crushing g-forces exhibited ruled that out.

In his jet, David Fravor attempted to engage with object, he began a long spiral to get closer to the churning water surface. But seemingly the object stopped its movements and began an opposite helix upwards motion - almost mirroring the fighter jet - what ever it was, it knew he was there.

Now closer, the craft seemed to lack what the pilots would later recall as “any visible flight control surfaces or means of propulsion”.

They would comment that what she saw was, in her own words, “so unpredictable—high G, rapid velocity, rapid acceleration. So you’re wondering: How can I possibly fight this?”

The object was around 50-100 meters wide, and was seen as at least at big as the F-18.

Fravor, was a decorated pilot instructor and 16-year veteran of the Navy’s famous ‘Top Gun’ program for fighter pilots, yet he was as stunned by what he saw.

He would also describe how the object would bounce from one side to another, as if it were a ping-pong ball being thrown against the wall.

Looking at the footage, after a brief period of time, either the camera loses track of the object, or the object itself accleates to well over mach 6 and vasnishes 100km over the horizon instantly.

Appearing to slide casually and somewhat aloof away.

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Exclusive Footage: “I’ve Never Seen Anything Like This In My Life” – Veteran Airline Captain Films Multiple UFOs Over Colorado

A defense contractor source stated that the eyewitness account of the event was very strange. According to the source, the shooting star appeared to have descended at a high speed and split into two or three luminous objects.

The source also stated that satellites such as Starlink would have shown movement. In addition, the footage showed a triangle formation, which could have been a larger or smaller craft with illuminated vertices.

However, high-altitude reconnaissance drones, which are designed for stealth, would not have been able to produce enough light to appear in the video. Also, satellites would have moved as they entered the delta formation, which is not the case with most drones.

The incident has raised a lot of questions about the treatment of UFOs by commercial airlines. According to the captain of the plane, his company was against discussing the phenomenon.

Jeremy Corbell

According to Jeremy Corbell, who was the person who obtained the footage, it is very important that pilots be allowed to report encounters with UFOs without fear of retaliation. He said that he has been getting in touch with several private and commercial airline pilots who are afraid of going public with their experiences with the phenomenon.

Due to the prevalence of the stigma and retaliation against those who report encounters with extraterrestrial objects, it is becoming harder to do so, with an increased frequency. The Department of Defense (DoD) has acknowledged the importance of addressing the issue of UFOs and aviation safety.

For over 75 years, commercial and private airline pilots have been avoiding reporting encounters with extraterrestrial objects. This is unacceptable.

According to Ryan Graves, a former Navy aviator, commercial airlines should start addressing the issue of UFOs and aviation safety immediately. He said that they should wait until the science behind the phenomenon has been settled.

The implementation of safety measures and data collection procedures can help alleviate aircrew uncertainty. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics’ (AiaA) UAP Community of Interest is working with experts to gather information related to aviation safety.

This new footage came just before the release of a classified UAP report. Military insiders have been trying to frame the report by focusing on the alleged objects that they can identify. They ignored the most compelling cases.

Following the recent reports of commercial airline UFOs, it has been reported that the number of incidents involving UAP is on the rise. This is in line with a Senate Intelligence report that stated that the threat of extraterrestrial threats to the US is on the rise.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Earlier this year, Psyche missed its planned 2022 launch period as a result of mission development problems, leading to an internal review of whether the mission would be able to overcome these issues to successfully launch in 2023.

This continuation/termination review was informed by a project-proposed mission replan and a separate independent review, commissioned in June by NASA and the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, that investigated causes for the delay.

“I appreciate the hard work of the independent review board and the JPL-led team toward mission success,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. “The lessons learned from Psyche will be implemented across our entire mission portfolio. I am excited about the science insights Psyche will provide during its lifetime and its promise to contribute to our understanding of our own planet’s core.”

The independent review board is still finalizing its report, which, along with NASA’s response, will be shared publicly once complete.

The mission team continues to complete testing of the spacecraft’s flight software in preparation for the 2023 launch date. The new flight profile is similar to the one originally planned for August 2022, using a Mars gravity assist in 2026 to send the spacecraft on its way to the asteroid Psyche. With an October 2023 launch date, the Psyche spacecraft will arrive at the asteroid in August 2029.

“I’m extremely proud of the Psyche team,” said JPL Director Laurie Leshin. “During this review, they have demonstrated significant progress already made toward the future launch date. I am confident in the plan moving forward and excited by the unique and important science this mission will return.”

NASA selected Psyche in 2017 to investigate a previously unexplored metal-rich asteroid of the same name. It is part of the agency’s Discovery Program, a line of low-cost, competitive missions led by a single principal investigator. 

NASA continues to assess options for its Janus mission exploring twin binary asteroid systems, which was originally scheduled to launch on the same SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket as Psyche. NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications technology demonstration, testing high-data-rate laser communications, is integrated into the Psyche spacecraft and will continue as planned on the new launch date.

Arizona State University leads the Psyche mission. JPL, which is managed for NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, is responsible for the mission’s overall management, system engineering, integration and test, and mission operations. Maxar Technologies in Palo Alto, California, is providing the high-power solar electric propulsion spacecraft chassis. NASA’s Launch Services Program, based at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, is managing the launch. Psyche is part of NASA’s Discovery Program, managed by the agency’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

For more information about the Psyche mission, visit:

• https://www.nasa.gov/psyche
• Erin Morton / Karen Fox
  Headquarters, Washington
  202-805-9393 / 202-358-1257
  erin.morton@nasa.gov / karen.c.fox@nasa.gov
  

RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011

{ https://www.nasa.gov/ }

Image Credit : Alamy (Copyright)

THE MYSTERY OF TUTANKHAMUN’S METEORIC IRON DAGGER

IN 1922, EGYPTIAN EXCAVATORS LED BY HOWARD CARTER DISCOVERED THE TOMB OF TUTANKHAMUN, AN EGYPTIAN PHARAOH WHO WAS THE LAST OF HIS ROYAL FAMILY TO RULE DURING THE END OF THE 18TH DYNASTY.

Located in the Valley of the Kings on the west bank of the Nile opposite Thebes (modern Luxor), the tomb, KV62, was buried in mounds of debris from the cutting of KV9 for Pharaoh Ramesses V over 150 years after Tutankhamun’s death.

The discovery caused a media frenzy, revealing 5,398 items that included: a solid gold coffin, face mask, thrones, archery bows, trumpets, a lotus chalice, two Imiut fetishes, gold toe stalls, furniture, food, wine, sandals and fresh linen underwear.

Among the artefacts were a set of iron blades that resemble the PeseshKaf, a tool used in the “opening of the mouth ceremony,” a ritual performed for the deceased to enable them to breath, speak, eat and drink in the afterlife.

One of these blades is an iron dagger with an ornamental golden sheath, expertly produced by an ancient metalsmith.

The Howard Carter Archives describes the dagger as having a finely manufactured blade made from a homogeneous metal, while the handle is made of fine gold and is decorated with cloisonné and granulation work, ending with a pommel of rock crystal. On one side of the golden sheath is a floral lily motif, while on the other is a pattern of feathers terminating with a jackal’s head.

Examples in Egypt of contemporary smelting during the 18th Dynasty to produce Iron are very rare, and likely produced low-quality iron to be forged into precious objects. As the other blades found in the tomb are relatively crude, many scholars suggest that the ornamental dagger was imported to Egypt perhaps as a royal gift from a neighbouring territory or kingdom.

Diplomatic documents (the Amarna letters), that date from the 14th century BC mention royal gifts made of iron given to the pharaohs of Egypt from before Tutankhamun’s reign. Interestingly, one of these documents notes that Tushratta, King of Mitanni, sent iron objects to Amenhotep III (possibly Tutankhamun’s grandfather), which mentions iron blades in the lists.

Since the 1960’s, researchers suggested the nickel content in the blade was indicative of meteoric origin, with a more recent study in 2016 derived from an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis, indicating that the blade’s composition is mainly iron (Fe), 10.8% nickel (Ni) and 0.58% cobalt (Co).

This study compared the blade composition to 11 meteorites of well-known compositions and 11 certified steel reference materials, concluding that the blade composition and homogeneity, closely correlates with meteorite composition and homogeneity from a source of extra-terrestrial origins.

This is further supported by a study published in February 2022, which conducted a non-destructive two-dimensional chemical analysis and suggests that the source meteorite of the blade is octahedrite, one of the most common structural classes of iron meteorites.

Header Image Credit : Alamy (Copyright)

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{ https://www.heritagedaily.com/ }

NASA’s new Glider Could Turn any Airport Into a Spaceport

Getting to space has almost always been a multi-stage process. Those stages typically took the form of different stages of chemical rockets, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Plenty of alternative options have been proposed, and one that NASA has been working on for almost a decade is getting closer to commercialization. The project, known as the Towed-Glider Air Launch System (TGALS), uses three very different stages – a business jet, and glider, and two separate rockets – sort of. But its main advantage means that any airport large enough to host a business jet could also become a spaceport.

That’s a tempting proposition, as spaceport access is relatively limited. Few launch pads can support chemical rockets, such as those traditionally used in space launch systems. Most of those ports are dominated by giants of the industry – ULA and SpaceX own a combined six, which make up a large portion of privately operable spaceports in the US. 

The prospect of opening up some of the 5,000 public airports for use as space launch sites is therefore tempting. To make that happen, though, a company can’t use standard chemical rockets. So why not use a plane? Or a glider? Or, better yet, both?

TGALS, developed at the Armstrong Flight Research Center in California, is indeed both – a business class jet that pulls a specially designed glider behind it for take-off and takes that glider up to about 12 km altitude. At that point, the glider disconnects from the plane. The jet then returns to the airfield.

After separating from the airplane, the glider is no longer a glider, as it uses a small rocket engine to angle itself upward. Upon reaching a reasonable angle, a full-blown chemical rocket is released from the glider’s underbelly and starts its own orbital burn. The glider, which is unmanned, is then guided back to the airfield it left from, ready for another go. The rocket itself isn’t reusable, but it is a relatively small cost of the overall system.

Another attraction of that system is that it could lower the cost of getting to orbit for relatively small payloads by around 40% since both the glider and business jet are reusable. Additionally, there aren’t any potentially explodable rockets anywhere near an aircraft with a human in it. In effect, if the glider or its rocket payload explodes in midair, the business jet towing it along, which has actual pilots in it, will most likely be fine. 

NASA originally released some promotional material for the system back in 2015 and has been slowly making progress on it for the past seven years, going so far as to launch a scale model of the system recently. In addition, it has garnered some commercial interest from a company called Fenix Space, also located in California, but they are currently seeking out more partners to help commercialize the system.

They might even be able to look “internally” – or at least to another part of the federal government. The Department of Defense has a long-running hypersonic test program, which TGALS might be able to integrate well with. Instead of tracking hypersonic missiles using a system of Global Hawk aircraft, the TGALS system could provide gliders that could deliver the same sort of telemetry data needed to conduct hypersonic research effectively.

Overall there’s lots of promise for this technology, but it will face plenty of competition. A similar system has already put some astronauts up to suborbital altitudes with Spaceship Two. The looming launch of Starship and other heavy launch vehicles could also put a dent in the commercial prospects of a somewhat cheaper launch system. But none of those new heavy lifters will be able to take off from a regular airport.

Learn More:

• NASA – NASA Armstrong Develops Tech to Bring Space Launch to Any Airport
• NASA – TGALS
• UT – ‘Mystery-Missile’ – Likely an Airplane
  
• UT – The World’s Biggest Aircraft – the Rocket-Launching Stratolaunch – Completes its First Test Flight

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/  }

Look up for 'Halloween fireballs': Taurid meteor shower is set to light up the night sky TONIGHT that can be seen anywhere in the US

• Earth is passing through the Taurid shower that contains more than 100 million asteroids
• This means the planet will witness the Taurid meteor shower in the coming days
• Fireballs could be visible Monday evening, with the best views after midnight 
• The Southern Taurids will peak November 4 through November 5
• The Northern Taurids which peak between November 12 to November 13

By STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

The Taurid meteor shower will treat skywatchers Halloween night when it unleashes a swarm of fireballs into the night sky just several days before it peaks later this week.

This shower is composed of two streams: The Southern Taurids which peak November 4 through November 5; and the Northern Taurids which peak between November 12 to November 13.

The Taurids have not been seen since 2015 and NASA predicts this year’s stream is teeming with glowing fireballs that will violently soar through the atmosphere.

The pair of meteor showers are active all night, with meteors from both events originating from the same region of the sky as the constellation Taurus, which sits north-west of Orion.

The meteors that will be visible tonight are called ‘Halloween fireballs’ and are best viewed around midnight.

The Taurids have not been seen since 2015 (pictured) and NASA predicts this year’s stream is teeming with glowing fireballs that will violently soar through the atmosphere

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Each year, from the end of October, the skies play host to the meteor shower, dubbed 'nature's fireworks'.

The Taurids display is created by debris left behind by Encke's comet, named after the astronomer who discovered its annual trajectory in 1819.

Earth passes through part of the stream every year and the meteors appear as shooting stars in the sky every October in the southern hemisphere, and November in the north.

The dust associated with the comet hits the Earth’s atmosphere at 65,000 mph and burns up, creating the Taurid meteor shower.

Bill Cooke, lead for the NASA Meteoroid Environments Office, said in a statement: ‘The annual Taurid meteor shower is going on right now, and we are seeing steady activity in our meteor cameras.

The Taurid shower is composed of two streams: The Southern Taurids which peak November 4 through November 5; and the Northern Taurids which peak between November 12 to November 13.

Some fireballs have already appeared in over the night sky. Pictures are meteors over Liverpool

‘Individuals should not be surprised if they see a bright meteor or fireball over the next few nights.’

Taurid meteors can be seen any time the constellation Taurus is above the horizon during the months of September, October, and November.

The best time to look for Taurids is after midnight, when Taurus is high in the sky, and when the sky is dark and clear, with no moonlight to mask the fainter meteors.

Denis Vida, a meteor physics postdoctoral researcher, predicts there could be more than a 100 million asteroids in the Taurid stream that Earth is currently passing through.

The Taurid shower has been visible in different parts of the world, with images and videos showing falling fireballs over the UK and Czech Republic.

A study in 2017 proposed the Taurids meteor shower could hold cosmic fragments of ice and rock large enough to wipe out whole continents.

And one of these fragments could hit Earth in 2022, 2025, 2032 or 2039, researchers predict.

Researchers from the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Science have been keeping track of these fragments.

They have found two asteroids, called 2015 TX24 and 2005 UR, which are part of a previously undiscovered branch of the Taurids' debris.

Earth passes through part of the stream every year and the meteors appear as shooting stars in the sky every October in the southern hemisphere, and November in the north. This image was taken over the UK

The Earth only passes through this potentially dangerous branch once every few years, causing greater numbers of shooting stars.

Future encounters are predicted for 2022, 2025, 2032 and 2039.

The space rocks measure 650 feet to 900 feet (200 to 300 meters) across and have been registered on the International Astronomical Union’s list of "potentially hazardous" asteroids.

But the Czech team is concerned that the hidden debris field may contain even larger objects.

Writing in a paper published on Arxiv, the study's authors said: 'Since asteroids of sizes of tens to hundreds meters pose a threat to the ground even if they are intrinsically weak, impact hazard increases significantly when the Earth encounters the Taurid new branch every few years.

Further studies leading to better description of this real source of potentially hazardous objects, which can be large enough to cause significant regional or even continental damage on the Earth, are therefore extremely important.’

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Possible Taurid Meteor Outburst For 2022?

• Why 2022 may be a banner year for the November Taurid meteors.

One of the most notorious producers of fireball meteors could prove to be active this coming week. We’re talking about the Taurid Fireballs, produced by the complex Southern and Northern Taurid meteor stream. Sandwiched between the better known October Orionids and the November Leonids, the Taurids (sometimes referred to as the ‘Halloween Fireballs’) are a complex meteor shower worthy of scrutiny in early November.

The source of the Taurids is non-other than short-period comet 2P/Encke. Specifically, the southern swarm is from the comet, and the northern swarm is from asteroid 2004 TG10, suspected to be a fragment of Comet 2P. Comet 2P/Encke itself is a fascinating object. 2P/Encke has the shortest known orbital period of any known comet, at just 3.3 years. This captured visitor in the inner solar system also appears to be a remnant of an ancient fragmentation event, which occurred an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 years ago.

Whatever the case, there are clearly some larger fragments present in the Taurid meteor stream, and some of these occasionally interact with the Earth and the Moon around this time of year. The June 30^th, 1908 Tunguska event that occurred over the morning skies of Siberia is thought to have been caused by a fragment of Comet Encke, as a related meteor stream known as the Beta Taurids is active right around the same time of year.

Though we typically only see a paltry five meteors per hour from the Taurids on most years, 2022 could be different. The Taurid stream complex seems to be attenuated by a 7:2 resonance with the planet Jupiter, meaning the Earth encounters clumps of the meteor stream every 3 to 7 years. 2015 was a banner year for the Taurids… and 2022 may be another such year. Encke reaches perihelion again on October 22, 2023, and we won’t have another optimal encounter with the Taurid swarm until perhaps 2025, and after that (most likely) until 2032.

The north-south radiants for the stream straddle the Taurus-Aries border, and ride high to the south for northern hemisphere observers right around local midnight during the first week of November.

2022 Prospects for the Taurids

First, the bad news: the Moon is going towards Full next week on November 8th, and will thus interfere with meteor observations. There are however, two plus factors working in the shower’s favor: 1). the shower produces an abnormally high ratio of negative magnitude fireballs; and 2). Said Full Moon also marks the last total lunar eclipse of 2022.

Early reports suggest that the Taurids are already active worldwide. In the case of a shower with such a broad activity period and a low Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR), I’d suggest simply being vigilant for any bright meteor that you happen to see or catch in a photo. If you can trace its path back to a radiant just west of the Pleiades and Aldebaran, it’s very likely that you saw a Taurid.

In 2022, the expected peak for the southern/northern Taurids arrives on November 5th and 12th, respectively. Keep in mind through: the peak for the Taurid meteor stream is pretty broad, spanning a week on either side of the expected peak.

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EXCLUSIVE: Dramatic videos of UFOs over the Pacific are revealed, as expert pilots describe seeing bright lights moving in 'race track' circles over the summer - but say their employers told them to keep quiet

• Pilots claim they saw UFOs while flying on routes from Japan and Hawaii in August and September
• Now captains and a former F-18 pilot describe to DailyMail.com seeing bright lights moving in elongated circles or 'race tracks' for hours high in the sky
• The series of sightings were seen by dozens of pilots and captured on video and in air traffic control recordings
• Witnesses tell DailyMail.com they are now being told by their employers to keep quiet about the sightings
• Pilot Chris Van Voorhis said UFO sightings are quite common among pilots, 'Out of my pilot friends, at least 50% have seen some type of an anomaly'
• Van Voorhis said his employer told him to 'cease and desist' even mentioning the incident in public, and that he feared his job could be at risk for reporting his sighting

By JOSH BOSWELL and CHRIS SHARP FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A series of strange UFO incidents over the Pacific Ocean this summer were captured on video and in air traffic control recordings after sightings by dozens of pilots.

Experienced captains and one former F-18 pilot told DailyMail.com they saw bright lights moving in elongated circles or 'race tracks' for hours high in the sky while they flew on routes from Japan and Hawaii towards the US West Coast in August and September.

The incidents were reported to the FAA, and a researcher obtained dramatic audio of the pilots calling in the strange sightings to Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC).

Pilots also attempted to film from their cockpits the group of between three and five bright objects, which appeared to fly around in the area of the sky where the 'scoop' of the big dipper constellation sits.

Some of the witnesses told DailyMail.com they are now being told by their employers to keep quiet, and are calling for better reporting procedures for encounters with 'unidentified aerial phenomena' (UAPs). 

A graphic shows the location and dates of the several reported UFO sightings, mainly in the Pacific Ocean, that occurred in August and September of this year 

Pilot Chris Van Voorhis, 63, told DailyMail.com he saw between three and five objects, far brighter than the stars around them, fading in and out with no discernable pattern and moving in a 'race track' circular motion, while he was flying from Honolulu to Los Angeles in August

Two of the pilots can be heard in ARTCC recordings from August 18, obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Ben Hansen, a former FBI agent and the host of Discovery+ show UFO Witness.

'We've got a few aircraft to our north here and he's going around in circles, much higher altitude than us. Any idea what they are?' Mark Hulsey, a pilot flying a Gulfstream charter jet off the Los Angeles coast radioed in.

'Uh, no, no I do not,' the baffled controller responded. 'You're not entering any [military] airspace or anything. I am not sure.'

Van Voorhis, who has been flying since he was 14 and has 32,000 hours experience, said the objects appeared to be in Earth's orbit or even further out in space

The pilot described seeing 'maybe three aircraft there,' then called ARTCC 23 minutes later, stating, 'there's now like seven of them,' and estimating that they were 'at least 5 or 10,000 feet above us.'

Asked to elaborate by the controller, the rattled Hulsey added: 'They just keep going in circles. I was an F-18 pilot in the Marine Corps, and I'm telling you, I've done many intercepts, I've never seen anything like this.'

At certain times of day satellites can reflect the sun and appear to pilots as bright lights in the sky. But the expert aviators say they believe the circular movement and duration of the sightings – some for hours – ruled out satellites.

Chris Van Voorhis, 63, told DailyMail.com he saw between three and five objects, far brighter than the stars around them, fading in and out with no discernable pattern and moving in a 'race track' circular motion, while he was flying from Honolulu to Los Angeles in August.

Van Voorhis, who has been flying since he was 14 and has 32,000 hours experience, said the objects appeared to be in Earth's orbit or even further out in space, given their continued position near to the big dipper constellation as he flew over the ocean for hours.

'The other airlines were saying, Hey, are you seeing what we're seeing?' the veteran pilot said.

'They were lights that would come on very bright, you would see them move, then they would go out.

'It had to be in a very, very high orbit, or actually even out in space quite a ways away from anything that a satellite would be, because every time we were seeing it, it was in the lower right hand corner of the Big Dipper, no matter where we were in the world.

'It lasted for such a long time that it actually became boring, almost.

'If it was [Elon Musk's satellite system] Starlink, or anything like that, then it's going to be moving in a linear fashion, and all of them will be moving in the same direction. These weren't. They were moving different directions.'

Van Voorhis said his employer, which DailyMail.com has chosen not to name, told him to 'cease and desist' even mentioning the incident in public, and that he feared his job could be at risk for reporting his sighting.

Gulfstream captain and former F-18 pilot Mark Hulsey's saw a UFO sighting on August 18 by Santa Catalina, an island off the LA coast

This image shows the brightness of the UFO compared to the three circled stars, which are much dimmer 

Two UFOs (also called UAPS - unidentified aerial phenomena) are seen in this photo, grabbed from a video of the encounter 

Hansen has collected accounts of pilots for Southwest Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines and others between August 6 and September 23 who say they saw the same lights in the sky as Van Voorhis.

'Many of these pilots are very confident that the lights were not just going in one direction, but in both directions, which is very unusual for satellites.

'In Mark's case they would go from the north and then actually go above his craft, where he had to crane his neck to see them from the canopy.

'It was seen by upwards of 15 different commercial flights. And at least six pilots are willing to go on record with their names and everything if asked to do so by any investigative agencies.

'In this case, we have a global phenomena from as far west as Japan, to as far east as possibly Miami. Whatever it is, pilots are seeing it from halfway across the world.'

But Hansen said there is currently no proper process for reporting such sightings – even of strange objects that could pose a threat to the safety of commercial airlines.

'Civilian pilots do not have a structured, robust process that is publicly provided to them where they can report UAPs,' he told DailyMail.com.

'The reason the pilots don't report primarily is because they don't think the FAA will follow up, or worse they will be ridiculed.'

An FAA spokesman told DailyMail.com: 'The Federal Aviation Administration documents Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon (UAP) sightings whenever a pilot reports one to an air traffic control facility.

'If the pilot report can be corroborated with supporting information such as radar data, it is shared with the UAP Task Force' – a Defense Department unit that investigates UFOs, now officially called the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office.

A 2021 Director of National Intelligence report warned that 'UAP threaten flight safety and, possibly, national security,' due to 11 near misses between naval aviators and unknown objects.

Van Voorhis' said UFO sightings are quite common among pilots.

'Out of my pilot friends, at least 50% have seen some type of an anomaly,' he said.

Two of the pilots can be heard in ARTCC recordings from August 18. 'We've got a few aircraft to our north here and he's going around in circles, much higher altitude than us. Any idea what they are?' Mark Hulsey radioed in

'Uh, no, no I do not,' the baffled controller responded. 'You're not entering any [military] airspace or anything. I am not sure'

The incidents were reported to the FAA, and a researcher obtained dramatic audio of the pilots calling in the strange sightings to Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)

His August sighting was not his first. In February 2004 while flying for Japanese airline Jalways he said he and another plane's crew saw three 'disks' descend from outside the atmosphere, 'stop' mid air, then suddenly pivot 30 degrees while keeping their triangular formation and shoot off beyond the horizon at thousands of miles per hour.

'I was coming back from Japan to Honolulu. We were at 39,000 feet coming across the Pacific Ocean. It was 5:30 in the morning, local time. Something caught my eye off the left hand side of the aircraft. There were three large discs,' he said.

'They were high enough up in the atmosphere to be reflecting the light from the sun which wasn't up yet.

'They came in a triangular formation and stopped. They turned in formation, they didn't bank or anything like that, nothing aerodynamic, they just pivoted. And then they took off over the horizon.

'It wasn't like they accelerated. They were just at speed and gone over the horizon. The whole thing took about 15 seconds.

'The aircraft in front of us saw it too. They said 'are you going to tell anybody?' and we said 'no'.'

Gulfstream captain and former F-18 pilot Hulsey's August 18 UFO sighting was by Santa Catalina, an island off the LA coast.

Famously, US Navy aviators from the aircraft carrier USS Nimitz chased a 'tic tac'-shaped UFO near Santa Catalina Island in 2004.

The tic tac evaded Top Gun ace Commander David Fravor, maneuvering and accelerating in ways which seemed to defy the laws of physics. It then disappeared before astonishingly reappearing 40 miles away in less than one minute, at the aviator's CAP point, a rendezvous location only known by the pilot and his commander.

In July 2019, in the same area, multiple strange objects harassed US naval warships over several days.

The Pentagon claimed they were drones, but could not confirm the origin nor the operators of the craft. A source close to the investigation of the incident told DailyMail.com that a nearby Chinese cargo ship named Bass Strait, thought to be the culprit, was searched with no signs of drones.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Dramatic videos of UFOs over the Pacific ocean revealed

Pilots saw glowing lights in the sky over Pacific in the summer. Their employers then told them to keep quiet.

Some pilots said they spotted the UFOs while flying over Hawaii and Japan in August and September. They described seeing glowing lights in the sky that moved in elongated circles.

Numerous pilots have reported seeing the UFOs on video and in control recordings. According to reports, their employers have told them to keep quiet about their sightings.

According to Chris Van Voorhis, a pilot, about 50% of his fellow pilots have spotted some type of UFO. He said his employer told him to keep quiet about his experience, and he feared that his job might be endangered if he talked about it.

RELATED

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Pentagon says it has SOLVED a number of famous UFO sightings - but admits there are many that still have no explanation

• The majority of UFO sightings are likely the result of foreign spying, airborne trash or simply optical illusions governmental officials have said
• US officials have solved many recent UFO mysteries, the New York Times reports
• Most recent unidentified aerial phenomena have been explained as to trash in the sky or foreign surveillance activity, such as Chinese drones 
• But the Pentagon keeps most of its conclusions on foreign surveillance secret so as not to reveal to China that it is aware of their spying activities
• Some older incidents remain officially unexplained simply because there is not enough data to make a final conclusion
• During public hearings in May, the Navy revealed 400 'unidentified aerial phenomenon' reports in recent years 
• Intelligence report last year revealed U.S. government had encountered more than 140 unidentified aerial phenomena since 2004 and could not explain them

By JAMES GORDON FOR DAILYMAIL.COM 

Government officials say they believe almost all UFO sightings or 'unidentified aerial phenomenon' as they are referred to officially can be explained as either surveillance operations by foreign powers, weather balloons or other airborne clutter.

The U.S. government has spent decades deflecting, debunking and discrediting observations of unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, dating back to the 1940s.

The term UFOs, long associated with notions of flying saucers and alien spacecraft, has been replaced in official government parlance by 'UAP.' 

The sightings have puzzled the Pentagon and intelligence agencies for years leading to theories about visiting space aliens and spying by hostile nations using advanced technology.

The Pentagon released three videos of UFOs taken by Navy pilots to 'clear up misconceptions'

Sensors have caused ordinary objects such as drones or balloons, to appear to be something unusual

In a video known as 'gimbal' - an object that appears to be turning or spinning but officials believe it is the optics of the classified image sensor that is distorting the image

But officials say many of the incidents actually far more ordinary explanations. 

Earlier this year, the Pentagon explained the previously released video of green triangles that looked like alien spacecraft were simply drones photographed through night-vision lenses.

Military officials did not provide details as to when or where the images were taken but say they are examples of an attempt to conduct surveillance on military maneuvers.

In another video, known as GoFast, an object appears to be moving at incredible speed. 

The military say it is in fact an optical illusion created by the angle from which the object was observed against the water. 

A hearing in May revealed videos showing 144 'unidentified aerial phenomena' seen by military personnel since 2004. One clip was taken from a Navy cockpit in a training area and shows a spherical object floating by the aircraft

Another shot of the unidentified spherical object can be seen whizzing past a military aircraft

The Pentagon say that in reality, the object was only moving at about 30mph.

In a video named Gimbal, an object looks to be turning or spinning. 

Again, the military say that the optics of the classified image sensor which is supposed to help target weapons makes the object look as though it is moving in a strange way.

Some videos continue to remain puzzling such as one where an object can be seen hovering over the water before jumping erratically and peeling away.

If not able to provide a concrete determination, officials are still confident the technology is not alien.

The Pentagon explained the previously released video of green triangles that looked like alien spacecraft were simply drones photographed through night-vision lenses

The green pyramids have been explained as drones, despite moving in ways different from other previously seen aircraft

Military officials have said there is no evidence the images show visitors from other planets. The comments are often either ignored by lawmakers or played down in the news media or ignored by lawmakers. 

In May, Pentagon officials testified under oath that the government had not collected materials from any alien landing on Earth. 

Senior defense and intelligence officials testified before Congress five months ago with a list of cataloged UAP sightings that had grown to 400 with many seemingly remaining beyond explanation. 

Among them are video released by the Pentagon of enigmatic airborne objects exhibiting speed and maneuverability exceeding known aviation technology and lacking any visible means of propulsion or flight-control surfaces. 

A classified document is set to be delivered by intelligence agencies to Congress by Monday.

The report is expected to update one which was made public in 2021 that declared nearly all of the 144 incidents between 2004 and 2021 that were reported by U.S. government sources to be unexplained. 

The Navy released the now infamous videos shot by its pilots that depicted some type of unidentified high-tech aircraft moving in ways that seemed impossible

But now some of the incidents have been formally attributed to Chinese surveillance using drone technology.

Other sightings are also being connected to China with one suggestion being how Beijing stole plans for advanced fighter planes.

Nevertheless, the majority of the information regarding the unidentified phenomena will remain classified with Pentagon officials keeping most of the work secret.

They say secrecy is required in order to prevent China from finding out that the American military was able to detect spying by the Chinese - but such secrecy only allow conspiracy theories to flourish.

'The Pentagon must balance openness with its obligation to protect sensitive information, sources and methods,' said Sue Gough, a Defense Department spokeswoman to the New York Times.

'We are collecting as much data as we can, following the data where it leads and will share our findings whenever possible,' she said. 

Gough said that there was no single explanation that would solve the majority of unidentified aerial phenomenon reports.

In man of the recent cases that have been resolved, some were simply junk in the sky of weather balloons.

Optical illusions can also cause everyday objects such as drones or balloons, to appear to be something out of the ordinary making them appear to move faster than normal.

 A number of older incidents still remain unexplained with too little data or evidence from devices such as cameras or radar for any final conclusion to be reached.

'In many cases, observed phenomena are classified as 'unidentified' simply because sensors were not able to collect enough information to make a positive attribution,' Gough said. 

'We are working to mitigate these shortfalls for the future and to ensure we have sufficient data for our analysis.'

Last year's testimony before congress suggested the sightings could be human generated 'airborne clutter', like escaped balloons or plastic bags, or the result of natural phenomena caused by ice crystals, moisture or heat.

The report admitted they had no evidence to either suggest or rule out alien origin.

It stated: 'UAP would also represent a national security challenge if they are foreign adversary collection platforms or provide evidence a potential adversary has developed either a breakthrough or disruptive technology.'

However, it also stated the observations 'could be the result of sensor errors, spoofing, or observer misperception and require additional rigorous analysis.'

Ronald Moultrie, the Pentagon's top intelligence official, and Scott Bray, the deputy director of naval intelligence, testified before the panel.

This image shows the brightness of the UFO compared to the three circled stars, which are much dimmer 

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Two UFOs (also called UAPS - unidentified aerial phenomena) are seen in this photo, grabbed from a video of the encounter 

Moultrie said the Pentagon has not ruled out the possibility that these incidents could be connected to extraterrestrial life.

'There are elements of our government engaged in ... looking for extraterrestrial life,' Moultrie said. 'Our goal is not to potentially cover up something, it's to understand what's maybe out there.'

However, Bray said that officials have encountered no evidence to suggest the UAEs are of extra-terrestrial origin. 'We'll go wherever the data takes us,' he said.

'We have eliminated the stigma,' added Bray.

'We are all curious and we seek to understand the unknown. And as a lifelong intelligence professional, I'm impatient. I want immediate explanations for this as much as anyone else. However, understanding can take significant time and effort. It's why we've endeavored to concentrate on this data driven process to derive fact based results,' Bray said.

'We want to know what's out there as much as you do,' Moultrie said, adding that he was a fan of science fiction.

'Yes, I have followed science fiction. I have gone to conventions, I'll say it on the record. ... There's nothing wrong with that. Don't necessarily dress up.'

A brief history of the Pentagon's study of UFOs: 1947 to now

A report of a 'flying saucer' over U.S. airspace in 1947 launched a mass hysteria over unidentified foreign objects that sparked federal investigation into the matter.

That year search-and-rescue pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported nine 'saucer-like things...flying like geese in a diagonal chainlike line' at speeds exceeding 1,000 m.p.h. near Mount Rainier in Washington State. 

Within weeks, 'flying saucer' sightings were reported in 40 other states. 

On July 19, 1952, air traffic controller Edward Nugent at Washington National Airport detected seven slow-moving objects on his radar screen, and he joked to his boss: 'Here's a fleet of flying saucers for you.'

Before the end of the night, a pilot reported seeing similar unexplained objects, and radar picked up the objects at two local Air Force bases -- Andrews and Bolling. As radar blips showed the objects in restricted air space over the Capitol and the White House, two Air Force F-94 jets scoured Washington, searching for flying saucers. As soon as the F-94s cruised into the area, the blips disappeared from the radar, and they found nothing and returned to base. As soon as they left, the blips reappeared on the radar, according to the Washington Post. 

The late 1940s and early 1950s prompted a mass hysteria of 'flying saucer' UFO sightings. This Nov. 23, 1951 photo from Riverside, Calif. was taken by Guy Marquand, who claimed that he and two friends saw the object fly past at a very high rate of speed, and when it came back, he had his camera ready to make the pictur

Newspaper cartoon drawing of 'flying saucer' objects, after blips appeared on the radar over the Capitol 

In 1966, a string of unidentified aerial phenomena in Massachusetts and New Hampshire prompted the House Committee on Armed Services to hold a congressional hearing on the matter. 

Following hearings, Congress established the Condon Committee, a group at the University of Colorado funded by the U.S. Air Force from 1966 to 1968 to research unidentified aerial phenomena. 

The Committee eventually became mired in controversy, and some members charged director Edward Condon with bias. In the end the Condon Committee determined there was nothing extraordinary about UFOs, and that further research was unlikely to yield results. 

At the same time, the Air Force was running Project Blue Book, a UFO study done by the U.S. Air Force that ran from 1952 to 1969. 

By the time Project Bluebook ended, it had collected 12,618 UFO reports but concluded that most of them were misidentified natural phenomena, such as stars, clouds or planes and found that most UFO incidents were a) not a threat to national security b) there was no evidence that such 'unidentified' sightings represented technological developments beyond modern science  from across the globe. 

Still, 701 of the reports remain 'unidentified,' despite detailed analysis. 

With the findings of the Condon Committee, Sec. of the Air Force Robert Seamans brought Project Bluebook to a close because further funding 'cannot be justified either on the grounds of national security or in the interest of science.' 

The Air Force has long said it is unlikely to take up any formal study of UFOs again, blaming budget constraints. 

However in 2017 it was revealed that the Air Force underwent a new secret UFO study Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), funded at $22 million from 2007 to 2012. 

Read more:

• Many UFO Reports Are Just Spy Drones or Airborne Trash - The New York Times

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