One thing the new Gallup data seems to convey is the impact recent U.S. government involvement in the longstanding UFO question has had on public opinion. The presence of unidentified aerial phenomena, or UAP as the military prefers to call them, were seemingly confirmed with the release of a nine-page preliminary assessment in June by the Navy’s UAP Task Force (UAPTF), which reported 144 cases involving objects of unknown origin observed by military pilots and others that currently remain unexplained.

Most of these incidents were collected following the institution of a formalized reporting mechanism by the Navy in 2019, the same year previous Gallup surveys found more than half of Americans remained skeptical about possible extraterrestrial origins of such objects. In late 2020, the U.S. Air Force followed suit, with the combined Navy and Air Force data constituting the majority of the reports discussed within the Task Force’s assessment delivered to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) at the end of June.

According to the report, additional information is also being provided by several other agencies, including the FAA, who in recent days confirmed in a statement provided to The Debrief its own role in documenting UAP incidents that can be corroborated with radar or other data on behalf of the UAPTF. Notably, the inclusion of data from the FAA would seemingly indicate that some incident reports from civilian pilots are also among the 144 incidents the UAPTF has currently examined.

In the days since the report’s delivery to the ODNI, several news outlets have tried to reign in on the subject’s current widespread appeal. Just days after the delivery of the UAPTF’s preliminary assessment, the New York Post Editorial Board called out most of the recent UFO “news” in advance of the report as clickbait, aimed at cashing in on widespread interest in the subject, rather than contributing anything meaningful to the ongoing discussion.

“Yes, UFOs and ‘little green men’ are fun and have inspired tons of entertaining fiction,” the Post editorial read. “But the US intelligence community was entirely right to dump all over the conspiracy theories and ‘They’re really out there’ nonsense in its report on sightings of unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP).” Although the Post Editorial Board noted that extraterrestrial sources were not specifically ruled out in the June report, “it also provides zero evidence supporting alien theories.”

More recently, The Guardian noted that people’s current UFO fascination is primarily “rooted in hope,” while elsewhere The Washington Post Magazine argued what it labels the current “UFO mania” simply has to end.

As the recent Gallup data helps show, it’s no wonder UFOs have been on the minds of so many Americans lately. Thanks in large part to the anticipation ahead of the UAPTF report’s delivery to the ODNI, during the first half of 2021 UFOs have seen more consistent, serious media attention than they have in decades. As a byproduct of this, the New York Post correctly notes that many outlets appear to have jumped on the UFO bandwagon in order to claim their share of traffic from all the attention the subject has received. It is a trend that has been slowly building since late 2017, following a New York Times article revealing the existence of the Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), which analyzed aerial phenomena that might pose a challenge to national security.

However, there is something else the recent Gallup data reveals about people’s attitudes toward UFOs. Since 2019, Americans appear not only to have softened their skepticism toward the subject, but also appear more willing to accept the idea that the phenomenon might represent evidence of extraterrestrial technology. In the recent survey, 41% of adults in America now also associate their belief in UFOs with extraterrestrial spacecraft, representing an eight-point rise from 2019 when similar surveys found just 33% of Americans held such views.

And some scientists think this could represent a problem going forward.

Scientists Remain Divided on The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis

“In the search for extraterrestrial life, scientists must be thoroughly open-minded. And this means a certain amount of encouragement for non-mainstream ideas and techniques,” wrote Peter Vickers, Associate Professor in Philosophy of Science at Durham University in an article for The Conversation.

However, even in a scientific community where open-mindedness toward non-mainstream ideas may occasionally be encouraged, many draw the line when it comes to UFOs.

“I have no doubt that there’s extraterrestrial intelligence,” SETI Institute senior astronomer Seth Shostak told CBS in May. “But it’s a different thing to say, ‘And not only are they out there, but they’ve come to visit!’”

For Shostak, a man who has devoted most of his professional career to the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the current evidence presented by UFO proponents simply “is not good.”

Although Shostak and many other scientists keep UFOs at arm’s length when it comes to the search for alien life, the extraterrestrial hypothesis (as it has come to be known mainly among UFO proponents) still represents a valid possibility in terms of what the origins of these objects might be.

The problem is that it also carries a lot of historical baggage.

In the years immediately following World War II, it would have been difficult for any reports of advanced, unrecognized aircraft in American skies not to have aroused concern. The appearance of what had first been dubbed “flying saucers” should be remembered in this context: although jokes and jabs about “men from Mars” and space aliens began to appear almost immediately in American newspapers, this had not been the interpretation that warranted attention from the U.S. Air Force. Instead, it was the concern that the Soviets might possess some new technology capable of surveillance, or even future attacks against the United States. 

It didn’t take long to conclude that the objects being observed in U.S. airspace probably didn’t belong to the Soviets. By January 1950, word about a top-secret Air Force “Estimate of the Situation” had become public knowledge thanks to Major Donald E. Keyhoe, a former Marine Corps serviceman and contributor to popular magazines of the period. It was Keyhoe’s 1950 article, “Flying Saucers Are Real,” which not only argued that the objects existed, but that they originated from outer space. Citing examples that included the death of pilot Thomas Mantell, whose plane crashed while pursuing what he and others described as a large metallic disc, and the electrifying story of a large, glowing rocket-like craft seen over Alabama in July 1948 by pilots Clarence S. Chiles and John B. Whitted, Keyhoe drove home the idea that there was simply no better source for these aerial mysteries than outer space.

Major Donald E. Keyhoe, filmed at a Pentagon Press Briefing in Washington DC on July 31, 1952

(National Archives/Public Domain).

By some estimates, his True article from 1950 is still regarded as being one of the most widely read and discussed articles of all time, and in effect, Keyhoe successfully sold this “extraterrestrial hypothesis” to an interested American readership. With Keyhoe’s help, the saucers had finally landed on dimly lit runways within the public imagination, and their alien occupants had now been exposed.

Extraterrestrials, and Other Alternatives

The problem with all this is that there was never anything conclusive as far as evidence in support of this idea. That was true in 1950, and it remains the case more than 70 years after the publication of Keyhoe’s article.

Despite this, many modern proponents seem to conclude that there are no other realistic possibilities, and therefore just like Keyhoe argued, UFOs must be extraterrestrial.

“The United States has the highest military technology in the world. Period. Everyone in the Pentagon down to the floor polishers knows this,” read a quote from Stephen Bassett, executive director of the Paradigm Research Group (PRG) which appeared in one of its newsletters dated June 6, 2021. According to its website, the PRG is an advocacy group that has for years sought to expose government knowledge of “an extraterrestrial presence engaging the human race.”

According to Bassett, “there is only one option left to explain not 120 incidents over the past two decades, but thousands of incidents since 1947, and that explanation is extraterrestrial. PERIOD.” Bassett’s statement was in response to a New York Times article published in advance of the delivery of the UAP Task Force’s preliminary assessment to the ODNI in June.

Not all proponents of the study of unusual aerial phenomena are quite so married to the idea that they must have an extraterrestrial source. Dr. David Clarke is a professor of journalism and folklore who acted as a consultant and spokesman for Britain’s National Archives during the period when the Ministry of Defence (MoD) released its records on UFOs. Clarke says that while he would hesitate to link UFO sightings to extraterrestrials, he has found cases in the MoD’s files that left him stumped.

“There are lots and lots of accounts and experiences that I just find utterly baffling, but they aren’t really the ones that are well known,” Clarke says. “If I explained some of these stories, you would never have heard of them before, because no one knows about them. They’re not as media-friendly.”

Clarke published a feature earlier this year in Fortean Times which argued convincingly that many UAP encounters receiving widespread media attention may not be as rock-solid as they are often conveyed. “The idea that military detection of UFOs on radar provides empirical evidence of visitations to Earth by an unknown technology is an attractive one – if it were true,” Clarke wrote in the article.

However, speaking with Dr. Clarke about his research, he stops short of saying that all UFO reports can be easily explained.

“I’m not for one minute trying to suggest that science has got an explanation for everything,” Clarke says, adding that when it comes to UFOs, “I certainly don’t think that at all.”

Clarke says that in addition to reports he has uncovered from his own research at the Ministry of Defence archives, he was particularly intrigued by the conclusions of Project Condign, a secret study of UFOs that the British Government’s Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) conducted between 1997 and 2000. It resulted in a four-volume, 460-page report on the project’s findings, in which its author concluded, “that UAP exist is indisputable… [they] clearly can exhibit aerodynamic characteristics well beyond those of any known aircraft or missile – either manned or unmanned.”

“When I actually read that, and I actually got hold of that report twenty years ago, it was quite a stunning conclusion,” Clarke says. “So here was the guy, the UFO expert at the Ministry of Defence, he was actually saying ‘well, I’ve studied this for thirty years. My conclusion is these things exist.’”

While Project Condign’s conclusions seemed to affirm the MoD’s views about the existence of UFOs, they did not link such aerial phenomena to theories about an extraterrestrial presence on Earth.

“They’re not aliens,” Clarke says of the report’s findings. “They’re not extraterrestrials, but they’re some kind of atmospheric plasma. That was his explanation.”

To Clarke, the fact that Project Condign would leave open the possibility that an as yet unrecognized phenomenon could account for UFOs “was almost like an invitation to scientists to say ‘hey, come and have a look at this data. This guy’s taking it seriously.’” Clarke adds that the report’s author “had access to a lot of secret data that a lot of average atmospheric scientists perhaps wouldn’t be aware of.”

“But no one seems to be interested in that,” he laments. “It’s not showbiz, is it?”

“Atmospheric plasmas aren’t as interesting or as sexy as aliens in spaceships,” Clarke says. “So the media aren’t gonna go with that one.”

The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis: A Scientific Perspective

The legacy of the extraterrestrial hypothesis is one that has endured long enough for it to have become ingrained in our culture, and thereby it permeates much of our current thinking about UFOs. The presence of this “ET bias” in the current dialogue creates difficulties for scientists who wish to look objectively at the UFO subject, while also taking the possibility of extraterrestrial visitation seriously without becoming married to it.

Robert Powell, an Executive Board Member and co-founder of the Scientific Coalition for UAP Studies (SCU), a group which applies science toward resolving the UFO/UAP question, is clear in pointing out that while the extraterrestrial hypothesis could one day be validated, presently it is still only one possibility.

“A hypothesis is simply that. It’s what theory best fits the facts with what we know today,” Powell says. “It doesn’t mean that we’ve said [a UFO] is an extraterrestrial spaceship.”

Before his work with the SCU, Powell served as Director of Research at the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) from 2007-2017 and established the organization’s Science Review Board in 2012. Although he emphasizes that theories about extraterrestrial technologies are only hypothetical, he also says they are a logical approach toward possibly understanding the phenomenon.

“What we’re saying is that the extraterrestrial hypothesis is the best of the hypotheses that we’ve come up with to explain [UAP],” Powell explains, adding that “someone could always come up with better hypotheses, or we get new data that makes us change [our minds].”

While some scientists like Powell see the extraterrestrial hypothesis as being potentially useful as an explanatory model for understanding UAP, others see the problem of categorizing UAP based on our current knowledge of the phenomenon as being nearly impossible at the present time.

“I truly do not know as to how and what to categorize [UAP],” says Ravi Kopparapu, a Planetary Scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. Among his research interests, Kopparapu has been involved in NASA-funded searches for possible technosignatures of alien civilizations in recent years.

“Confirmed UAP completely defy any reasonable imagination that we could have,” Kopparapu told The Debrief in an email. “I would not categorize them, at this point, as technosignatures because there is no evidence that I know of that could indicate that they are from a technological civilization.”

Kopparapu, while interested in the study of UAP, takes issue with those who conclude that since they cannot be easily explained, they must therefore represent extraterrestrial technologies.

“‘What else could they be?’ is not a scientific explanation,” Kopparapu says. “We need hard evidence. And to collect hard evidence, we need a systematic collection of data on UAP, or access to data that may have already been collected.”

Scientists Seek Access to UAP Data

Kopparapu is one of the many scientists who, in recent days, have noted that current efforts to collect information about UAP by the U.S. government will be of little use to scientists if the data remains classified.

“The sky is not classified,” wrote Harvard Astronomer Avi Loeb in an article for Scientific American in June, adding that “only government-owned sensors are. By searching for unusual phenomena in the same geographical locations from where the UAP reports came, scientists could clear up the mystery in a transparent analysis of open data.”

“When the UAP report [was delivered] to Congress, it was quite intriguing to me,” Loeb recently told The Debrief, “because it defined some objects as real because they were detected by multiple instruments, so they couldn’t have been a malfunction of a particular camera or a hallucination of a pilot. And at the same time, it suggested that the government doesn’t know the nature of these objects.”

“That’s an unusual admission by the intelligence agencies,” Loeb says, “because they’re getting paid to figure out what flies in our sky. And they admit to Congress that they can’t figure it out.”

“So at that point, it became clear to me that this subject needs to move away from the talking points of politicians and military personnel, and to the realm of science.”

Dr. Avi Loeb

(Image Credit: Kris Snibble. Source: Harvard file photo)

In the days following the arrival of the UAP Task Force’s preliminary report, Loeb announced the launch of The Galileo Project, an effort that he and other astronomers will be undertaking that will attempt to obtain high-resolution imagery and other data related to UAP.

“I cannot stress enough how important it is to have the data available to scientists to know what they are,” Kopparapu told The Debrief. “Without access to proper data, un-substantiated hypotheses and conspiracy theories take the vacuum created by the lack of a science-based hypothesis. I equate this with superstitions we have had over the centuries until science replaced them.”

Although exploring the possibility that some UAP could have extraterrestrial origins is not inherently a conspiracy theory, over the decades there have been countless claims that involve alleged coverups of an extraterrestrial reality by the U.S. government. This, in addition to stories of alien abduction, purported wreckage retrievals of alien craft or technology, and a host of other claims involving extraterrestrial visitation to Earth.

Despite the widespread support they often see from many proponents of unidentified aerial phenomena, the majority of these claims remain unsubstantiated. Even if they were actually true, no conclusive evidence in support of the existence of extraterrestrials or their technologies has ever surfaced that would be capable of satisfying the requirements of science, let alone producing a testable hypothesis.

Despite his concerns about unsubstantiated theories—extraterrestrial or otherwise—which have often lead the UFO/UAP narrative in the past, Kopparapu does not doubt the presence of a genuine phenomenon behind the more credible reports.

“UAP are real and they exist,” Kopparapu says. “Many of them we see in our skies. Some may have perfectly sensible explanations, but not all of them can be explained away. That kind of thinking is not scientific.”

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{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

Four photos snapped by the Artemis II astronauts. Clockwise from left: Earth setting behind the moon; the astronauts wearing solar eclipse glasses; Christina Koch viewing Earth from the Orion capsule; and a rare total solar eclipse viewed from behind the moon.  (Image credit: NASA)

Since its historic April 1 launch from Kennedy Space Center, NASA's Artemis II mission around the moon has delivered a stream of extraordinary moments, from Earth fading into the distance to a rare solar eclipse seen from deep space.

After the crew returned safely to Earth on Friday (April 10), we've collected the most remarkable images from humanity's first journey to the moon since 1972.

1. Artemis II launch

The April 1 launch from Kennedy Space Center's Launch Complex 39B signaled the beginning of humanity's first crewed lunar mission since Apollo 17. Powered by NASA's most powerful rocket, the Space Launch System, on only its second flight, Artemis II sent four astronauts on a 10-day, 695,000-mile (1.1 million kilometers) journey. The team's Orion crew capsule, nicknamed Integrity, sits at the top.

In photos: Artemis II's historic launch for the moon

'So much magic': Artemis II shares first images from the far side of the moon, including new 'Earthset' and total eclipse in space

'Trust us; you look amazing': Artemis II crewmembers share first message from space

2. Spaceship Earth

In a mission of firsts, NASA astronaut Christina Koch became the first woman to leave Earth's orbit and travel around the moon. Here she is on April 2, peering out one of the Orion spacecraft's main cabin windows at the delicate blue sphere of Earth. As Artemis II traveled toward the moon, Earth's continents and clouds blurred into a single living world.

3. Earth's dark side

This image of Earth with the sun behind it was taken just after Orion's translunar injection burn on April 2, in which Orion sped out of Earth orbit and toward the moon. Earth became a glowing crescent suspended in darkness, with its night side sitting in shadow, almost entirely hidden from view.

4. Hello, world

Also captured just after Orion's boost toward the moon on April 2, this image contrasts sharply with later views. Here, a longer exposure reveals Earth's unlit side, but several other features make it unique. In addition to being the first image ever to feature auroras at both poles, it includes a crescent Earth, Venus (bottom right) and a smudge of zodiacal light (sunlight reflecting from dust in the solar system's asteroid belt).

5. The terminator

As Orion sped away from Earth on April 3, commander Reid Wiseman took this image of the terminator line, a sharp divide separating night from day on Earth — an everyday phenomenon transformed into a striking view from deep space.

6. A moment with the moon

Seen on April 6 just before lunar flyby observations began, a vast circular scar — the 600-mile-wide (1,000 km) Orientale basin — marks one of the moon's most dramatic impact features. This lava-filled relic of ancient volcanic activity was formed by a colossal impact billions of years ago.

7. Shadows at the edge of a lunar day

On April 6, the crew took this image of the terminator on the moon. It's where low sunlight skims the lunar surface, casting dramatic shadows that exaggerate craters, ridges and mountains — the perfect time to study the moon's rugged terrain. According to pilot Victor Glover, who monitored the terminator line through Orion's window, the craters in front of him were so dark, they looked like "you'd fall straight to the center of the moon if you stepped in some of those."

8. Total solar eclipse

Apollo astronauts saw total solar eclipses on their way to the moon, but the Artemis II crew was the first to witness one from the moon's far side. On April 6, totality lasted an extraordinary 54 minutes from Orion, during which the crew saw the sun's corona,stars and distant planets become visible nearby. It's a vantage point impossible on Earth.

9. Eclipse safety first

Even at the moon, safe solar viewing remains essential. Before and after totality, the four astronauts — Wiseman, Glover, Koch and mission specialist Jeremy Hansen — donned the same eclipse glasses distributed for the recent solar eclipses in North America.

10. Integrity comes home

A New Study Narrows the Search for Water on the Moon

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

The Craters that Made Us

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

The Moon Just Got a New Scar

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

A huge green fireball streaked across the sky over Britain last night. 

Doorbell cameras across the UK captured the object at around 00:30 BST. 

'00:26 anyone see that big meteor burn up just now?' North Yorkshire Weather Updates asked on Facebook. 

Hundreds of viewers have replied, with many revealing they mistook it for a rogue firework. 

'I saw that. It was bright green. It was massive. I thought it was a firework at first it seemed so close,' one user replied. 

Another said: 'Yes I saw it walking home in Derbyshire. Looked like a firework the colours it was giving off. Glad I read this...wasnt sure what Id seen.'

And one joked: 'Yep my bathroom lit up I thought I was hallucinating… lol.'

While the fireball may have been slightly alarming, there's a simple explanation – it's a meteor. 

Incredible footage has revealed the moment a huge green fireball streaked across the sky over Britain last night

Keith Spirit captured a photo of the fireball as it zoomed through the skies over Northumberland last night

Videos filmed across the UK show the fireball zooming towards the Earth, before bursting into bright green. 

Thankfully, it then disappeared, suggesting most of it burned up before reaching the ground. 

'Saw that from the M62 and I'm still buzzing! Can't believe how bright it was!' one viewer wrote on Facebook. 

Another said: 'Camera on edge of the moors in Winterburn just caught it.'

And one quipped: 'see we go round the moon and now we have space rocks been thrown at us,' in reference to NASA's Artemis II mission. 

Fireballs that explode in the atmosphere are technically referred to as bolides. 

'During the atmospheric entry phase, an impacting object is both slowed and heated by atmospheric friction,' NASA explained. 

'In front of it, a bow shock develops where atmospheric gases are compressed and heated. 

Videos filmed across the UK show the fireball zooming towards the Earth, before bursting into bright green. Thankfully, it then disappeared, suggesting most of it burned up before reaching the ground.

'Some of this energy is radiated to the object causing it to ablate, and in most cases, to break apart. 

'Fragmentation increases the amount of atmosphere intercepted and so enhances ablation and atmospheric braking. 

'The object catastrophically disrupts when the force from the unequal pressures on the front and back sides exceeds its tensile strength.'

Around the world, thousand of fireballs occur daily. 

However, most are unnoticed because they happen over oceans, uninhabited regions, or during the day.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

Hidden 'horned figure' in Trump's Jesus AI-generated image fuels end-times warnings

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

A hidden figure spotted in an AI image shared by President Donald Trump has sparked end-times speculation online.

Trump posted the AI-generated artwork on Truth Social, showing himself dressed in red and white robes in a Jesus-like pose, appearing to heal a man as American symbols, including the flag, military personnel and fighter jets, fill the background.

But viewers quickly zeroed in on a shadowy figure high above the scene, which some claimed resembled a winged being with three horns, imagery they linked to biblical prophecy.

The figure appears suspended between soldiers, with what looks like large wings and three horn-like shapes rising from its head.

Social media users likened the imagery to the warning in Daniel 7, which describes a rising ruler who overthrows three kings or kingdoms as he gains power, though the biblical text does not identify which nations those kingdoms represent.

'I considered the horns, and behold, there came up among them another little horn… and three of the first horns were uprooted before it,' reads Daniel 7:8.

'Three horns subdued in Revelation. That's what WW3 is about, subduing or destroying three kingdoms, it seems,' one user shared.

Trump shared the AI-generated image after attacking Pope Leo, accusing the Church leader of being 'weak on crime, and terrible for Foreign Policy,' and claimed that 'if I [weren't] in the White House, Leo wouldn't be in the Vatican.'

The figure appears suspended between soldiers, with what looks like large wings and three horn-like shapes rising from its head

The Book of Daniel is often considered the 'prophetic twin' to the Book of Revelation, as both are major apocalyptic books of the Bible that many believers see as outlining end-time events.

Daniel is viewed as the Old Testament foundation, while Revelation is seen as its New Testament counterpart, using similar imagery, symbols and themes.

Daniel 7 describes a vision of powerful kingdoms rising and falling, symbolized by beasts and horns, before God ultimately judges them and establishes his eternal kingdom.

Specifically, Daniel 7:8 introduces a 'little horn' that rises among others and uproots three kings or kingdoms, imagery many prophecy interpreters associate with the rise of a dominant ruler before the end of the age.

That symbolism quickly became a focal point in online discussions surrounding the image.

Many social media users noted that while Trump himself did not post the AI-generated image on his account, suggesting a social media manager likely did, one person wrote: 'The reference to the antichrist was intentional.'

However, some users insisted that Trump was not portraying himself as the Antichrist but rather as a figure meant to draw attention and division.

According to the interpretation shared online, Trump is portrayed as 'bait,' a deliberately controversial leader who sparks outrage, setting the stage for the arrival of a more deceptive figure.

Trump shared the AI-generated image after attacking Pope Leo, accusing the Church leader of being 'weak on crime, and terrible for Foreign Policy, ' and claimed that 'if I [weren't] in the White House, Leo wouldn't be in the Vatican'

Some posts claimed the true Antichrist will appear as an 'angel of light,' described as charismatic and widely admired, who will seemingly rescue the world from turmoil, a concept the author linked to 2 Corinthians 11:14, which warns that 'Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light.'

Regardless, the image has sparked outrage among many Christians, who deemed it 'blasphemy.'

'Equating yourself to Jesus? You'll burn in hell,' one user wrote in response to Trump's post.

'If you call yourself a Christian and you're not outraged by this, you really need to re-evaluate your faith,' another user posted.

Former Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene also criticized the AI-generated image, saying: 'It's more than blasphemy. It's an Antichrist spirit.'

Moments before sharing the image, Trump accused Pope Leo of 'toying with a country that wants a nuclear weapon.'

He lashed out again at the pontiff on Sunday night, writing on Truth Social: 'I don't want a Pope who thinks it's OK for Iran to have a Nuclear Weapon.'

'Three horns subdued in Revelation. That's what WW3 is about, subduing or destroying three kingdoms, it seems,' one user shared. Pictured is the three-horned figure in the AI-generated image

Trump has described himself as a 'non-denominational Christian.' He has stated he is a 'religious person' who believes in God and has praised the Bible

'I don't want a Pope who thinks it's terrible that America attacked Venezuela, a Country that was sending massive amounts of Drugs into the United States and, even worse, emptying their prisons, including murderers, drug dealers, and killers, into our Country,' Trump said.

The President went deeper into his opposition to Pope Leo and the church's stance on several issues, including COVID lockdowns.

'He talks about 'fear' of the Trump Administration but doesn't mention the FEAR that the Catholic Church and all other Christian Organizations had during COVID when they were arresting priests, ministers and everybody else for holding Church Services, even when going outside and being ten and even twenty feet apart,' Trump wrote.

The President then claimed that Pope Leo 'criticizes the President of the United States because I'm doing exactly what I was elected, IN A LANDSLIDE, to do.'

The outburst followed recent criticism from the Pope over the weekend about the actions of the US military in Iran.

On Saturday, he told worshippers at St Peter's Basilica: 'Enough of the idolatry of self and money! Enough of the display of power! Enough of war!'

Last week, he criticized the President over his threats against the country when he warned that 'a whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again.'

The Pope called it a 'truly unacceptable' statement.

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{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

The universe is expanding 'too fast' - and scientists have no idea why

• READ MORE: Experts say 'death date' of the universe is sooner than we thought 

By XANTHA LEATHAM, EXECUTIVE SCIENCE EDITOR

The universe is expanding 'too fast', a study has warned – and scientists have no idea why.

An international team of astronomers have carried out some of the most precise measurements yet of how quickly the universe is growing.

But instead of providing a clear answer, it has left them more baffled than ever.

And it suggests something might be wrong in our current understanding of the cosmos.

For their study, the team combined lots of different methods of measuring universe expansion to try and get an accurate measurement.

They discovered it is growing at about 73.5 kilometres per second per megaparsec (a unit of distance equal to 3.26 million light years).

This is much faster than current models predict, the scientists said, and marks a 'significant shift in perspective'.

Writing in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, they warned their findings 'strengthen the case for new physics' or a 'deeper reassessment' of the early universe.

This graphic represents the tension that exists between measurements of the expansion rate of the late, nearby universe, versus what would be expected based on measurements of the early universe

Traditionally, scientists have used two main ways to measure the expansion of the cosmos.

One looks at nearby stars and galaxies to see how fast they're moving away from Earth, while the other looks at the early universe to predict how fast it should be expanding today.

These two methods are supposed to agree – but they don't.

While early universe predictions say it should be expanding at a rate of about 67 or 68 kilometres per second per megaparsec, nearby star measurements say it is much faster, at a rate of about 73.

Although the numerical difference may seem small, it is far larger than can be explained by statistical uncertainty. This disagreement is called the 'Hubble tension' and has been showing up in many studies.

To try and get a more accurate answer – or an explanation for the difference – scientists combined several measurement techniques into a model called 'The Local Distance Network'.

This included observations of red giant stars that shine with a known brightness, exploding stars and different types of galaxies.

They found – with very high precision – that the rate of expansion really is about 73.5 kilometres per second per megaparsec.

In the standard model of cosmology, the universe is being pushed apart by a constant force called dark energy

This figure remained the same even when individual techniques were removed from the analysis – ruling out obvious errors in any of the measurement methods.

'This work effectively rules out explanations of the Hubble tension that rely on a single overlooked error in local distance measurements,' the authors wrote.

'If the tension is real, as the growing body of evidence suggests, it may point to new physics beyond the standard cosmological model.'

They said the implications of this discovery are significant, as it suggests that standard models of cosmology – which are based on early universe measurements – are missing something.

It could be that they do not fully account for the influence of dark energy, new particles or changes to gravity.

'The Hubble tension may not be the result of measurement error, but rather evidence that the current model of the universe is missing a key component,' the researchers said.

'With next-generation observatories expected to provide even more precise measurements, astronomers aim to determine whether this discrepancy will ultimately be resolved or continue to point toward new physics.'

The team of 40 researchers included those from NSF NOIRLab and the Space Telescope Science Institute.

While it's well known that the universe began in an explosion known as the Big Bang, scientists have recently warned it might end with a 'Big Crunch'.

According to this chilling theory, the cosmos will eventually start to collapse in on itself until every shred of matter is compressed into a hot, dense inferno.

This is because a force called 'dark energy', which is pushing things apart, could eventually be overwhelmed by gravity that pulls the universe back together.

If this were to happen, stars and galaxies would collide and merge into a burning core where the surface of stars would ignite other celestial bodies.

The energy of the universe would become hotter until it reached thousands of degrees Celsius, tearing hydrogen atoms into free protons and electrons.

Eventually, the universe itself would become a single, vast fireball in which all matter, life, and even time and space itself would ultimately be destroyed under the immense force of gravity.

WHAT IS DARK ENERGY?

Dark energy is a phrase used by physicists to describe a mysterious 'something' that is causing unusual things to happen in the universe. 

The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. 

Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today.

The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline, as illustrated in this Nasa graphic

So the expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. 

No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.

'The universe is not only expanding, but it is expanding faster and faster as time goes by,' Dr Kathy Romer, scientist at the Dark Energy Survey told MailOnline.

'What we'd expect is that the expansion would get slower and slower as time goes by, because it has been nearly 14 billion years since the Big Bang.'

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NASA's Artemis II crew successfully splashed down after their historic moon mission, as their Orion spacecraft made a fiery plunge through Earth's atmosphere Friday night.

The spacecraft reached blistering speeds of up to 25,000 miles per hour before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego, California at 8.07pm ET.

The four-person crew, NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch, along with Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen, wrapped up a ten-day mission that carried them around the moon and farther than any human had ever traveled into space before.

NASA officials called the Artemis II mission a total success, with the capsule splashing down exactly where the space agency had planned.

NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman called the moon mission 'perfect' and declared America's intention to begin the work on a successful moon landing and construction of a lunar base by 2028.

Isaacman said: 'We are back in the business of sending astronauts to the moon. This is just the beginning.'

Following their recovery from the Orion crew module and transfer to the naval vessel John P Murtha, the astronauts were seen in good spirits, waving to cameras and hugging Isaacman before heading for a standard medical checkup after the flight.

All four astronauts were also able to walk under their own power. Previous space flights, including the ten-month saga of stranded astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, required medical personnel to carry the astronauts because they were unable to walk well from their time in microgravity.

Victor Glover, left, and Christina Koch, right, after successfully splashing down following their historic moon mission

Victor Glover, left and Jeremy Hansen, right, after they and fellow crewmates were extracted from their Orion spacecraft after splashdown

Pilot Victor Glover is assisted off the flight deck after arriving aboard USS John P. Murtha 

Artemis II's Orion spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on April 10 after a 'perfect' reentry, according to NASA officials

Astronauts Victor Glover and Christina Koch were seen waving and hugging NASA chief Jared Isaacman after being pulled from the water

The voyage home started just after 7.30pm ET Friday night, with the Orion crew module blasting away from the spacecraft's service module.

The separation exposed the craft's heat shield, which protected the four-member crew as they plunged through Earth’s atmosphere, experiencing temperatures of up to 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

As the capsule angled in for the perfect trajectory into the atmosphere, NASA lost contact with the spacecraft for six minutes just before 8pm as Orion collided with the upper atmosphere, causing what scientists called a 'plasma buildup.'

Once the radio blackout cleared as planned, Orion successfully deployed its parachutes and safely landed in the Pacific without incident.

A slight communications glitch between the astronauts waiting in the water and the US Navy recovery teams delayed the crew's exit from the craft, but once flight surgeons were able to board the capsule, they were able to give all four astronauts a clean bill of health.

Dr Lori Glaze, NASA's deputy administrator, said her team was 'thrilled' to have the four astronauts home safely.

'We accomplished what we set out to do,' added Shawn Quinn, manager of NASA's Exploration Ground Systems Program. 'It's good to be NASA, and it's good to be an American today.'

President Donald Trump added his congratulations Friday night and invited the crew to the White House, posting on Truth Social: 'I look forward to seeing you all at the White House soon. We’ll be doing it again and then, next step, Mars!'

Pictured: US Navy recovery crews arrived at the Orion space capsule minutes after the pod landed in the Pacific at 8.07pm ET

Pictured: The NASA Artemis II crew, Mission Specialist Christina Koch, Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen, Commander Reid Wiseman, and Pilot Victor Glover

The Artemis II mission began back on April 1 with a successful launch from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

A day later, the crew set off on a four-day trip to the moon, where they would travel around the dark side and break the decades-old record of Apollo 13 for the farthest distance from Earth humans have ever traveled.

While the Apollo crew travelled 248,655 miles from Earth in 1970, Artemis II reached a maximum distance of 252,756 miles on day six of their mission.

READ MORE

• Truth about NASA's 'missing' moon tapes revealed after 57 years

While conducting their lunar flyby, the astronauts also named two new craters discovered on the lunar surface, including naming one after the late wife of Artemis II mission commander Reid Wiseman, Carroll.

Amit Kshatriya, the associate administrator of NASA, said Artemis II was the 'most important human space exploration mission in decades.'

'Hopefully, history is kind to us,' he added.

Pictured: The Artemis II spacecraft seen returning to Earth from its ten-day mission to circle the moon and break the distance record for human space fligh

NASA administrators confirmed that the Artemis II flight crew was 'happy and healthy' Friday night. They added that the astronauts would be headed to the NASA space center in Houston on Saturday before spending time with their families.

The space agency's focus will now turn to reviewing the data from Artemis II before beginning on the plans for Artemis III, which will also involve a lunar flyby but no landing.

Currently, NASA's revamped plan for the moon includes sending an additional space flight, Artemis IV, as soon as 2028. That mission is expected to land on the lunar surface for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972.

According to Isaacman, that mission will also begin the work of building a permanent US moon base which will facilitate future human space travel and a manned mission to Mars.

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Relive the Artemis 2 mission's final hours in space and epic splashdown in these NASA highlights

NASA's Artemis II Returns to Earth: Everything That Happened in 13 Minutes

Artemis II reentry, splashdown & recovery

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Ready to hit the mute button on reality? Deep in the Pembrokeshire countryside lies a cosmic retreat that feels almost light years away from Earth. 

The awe-inspiring Spodnic UFO is one of three standout stays at Melin Mabes, a four-acre glamping site owned and ran by Martin Johnson and his wife, CarolAnne. 

'It looks like it's just landed from outer space and aliens could come out,' Martin notes as he showcases his brainchild during the first episode of Channel 's World's Most Secret Hotels. 

'It's such a secret location that people wouldn't know is here. A lot of the time, parents won't tell their children where they're staying, then when they arrive, they see a UFO and they're off, running around!' 

Martin and CarolAnne purchased the 'overgrown plot' in rural Wales, centered around an original 17th-century mill, 12 years ago.

It has since been transformed into a glamping retreat with three unique stays in a UFO, real-life treehouse, and an old gypsy caravan. 

But the spacecraft-themed pod is especially captivating as it's been designed to look as though it has landed straight from out of space - with three tripod legs, a drop-down door, NASA-designed interiors and colour-changing lights.

In order to make the UFO look more lifelike, Martin turned the pod's hinged door into a drop-down entry point using a simple wheelchair lift. 

Set in the heart of Pembrokeshire is an unlikely retreat: Melin Mabes, home to a UFO-themed accommodation, as well as a real-life treehouse and traditional gypsy caravan let 

Inside the Spodnic UFO, guests will find foil-lined walls, hazard tape, alien pillows and galactic-themed furniture 

Guests have the opportunity to step inside a life-sized TARDIS phone box when nature calls 

Demonstrating how the entrance works, he says: 'Originally, the door was a standard hinge door that opened to one side. This is a wheelchair access lift. We bolted it to the door and added some springs to it to give it that extra bit of power - it took a lot of work.'

For an added dose of intergalactic magic, the accommodation has been fitted with a smoke machine that goes off each time the door is opened, along with colour-changing lights underneath and around it. 

Inside, the four-bedroom holiday let boasts an equally fascinating interior, where no detail has been overlooked. 

The walls are fitted with multiple layers of insulation foil originally designed by NASA, while decor consists of blow-up alien dolls, alien-themed cushions, spacesuits, astronaut helmets, black and yellow hazard tape, and cages of 'exposed' wiring. 

Martin said: 'The insulation is from the space industry. Its silver foil-based insulation is built in several layers, and then that reflects the heat back in.' 

A steel staircase in the centre of the pod leads up to a sky-view dome equipped with a telescope, giving guests the perfect space to stargaze on clear nights.

Outside the UFO is a kitchenette area with a hob, oven, fridge, sink and dining area, a sprawling private garden, and a large functioning hot tub area decorated with moon posters and twinkling fairy lights.

As for the bathroom, it's located a short walk away inside a life-sized TARDIS phone box, made popular in the hit BBC series Doctor Who.

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View gallery

At night, colour-changing lights and a smoke machine adds to the UFO's mystique 

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A separate outdoor kitchenette space boasts a cooker, fridge, table, chairs and sink, as well as pots, pans and crockery 

Read More

EXCLUSIVE

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Martin explains: 'I'm a big Doctor Who fan, so I thought we'd build a TARDIS. Everyone knows it's bigger on the inside - unfortunately physics doesn't work that way.' 

Inside the oversized space-age phone box is a shower, a blue-lidded toilet, checkered flooring, a mirror, and a basin complete with a mini Tardis handwash dispenser.  

Martin, a lifelong fan of UFOs and all things Sci-Fi, used futuristic buildings from the 1960s as inspiration for the structure, which was snapped up from an auction site. 

Following its purchase, the pod - originally used to hide electrical generators on site at the 2012 London Olympics - was broken down into six sections and flat packed onto a lorry from the capital to the Welsh countryside.

Martin adds: 'There are four wall sections and two roof sections, and each of the wall sections weighs approximately a tonne, so we had to have a steel base set up so that [the structure] was level and won't sink into our marshy ground.' 

The structure itself is made from fibre-glass and features an acrylic dome for a 'classic saucer-dome look', as well as eight acrylic domes around the circumference to allow for more natural light inside.

The owner continues: 'Then we put tripod legs on it to make it look like that UFO from War of the Worlds.' 

Across the site from the UFO are two other quirky stays; including a traditional gypsy caravan that's been transformed into a cosy accommodation that sleeps two people, with a raised double bed and a wood burning stove below. 

The site also features a large functional hot tub, complete with moon murals and twinkling fairy lights 

Nestled in the trees is a real treehouse equipped with a ladder and a slide that carries guests to the ground, along with a double bed, two singles, underfloor heating, and a fire to keep its inhabitants toasty. 

While local dining options are plentiful, guests can opt for pre-ordered artisanal meat and cheese hampers delivered right to their accommodation.

Guests may also bring dogs for an additional £10 cleaning fee per stay.

Melin Mabes is just one of five rare and remote stays featured in the upcoming episode of World's Most Secret Hotels.

Other properties include Jirira Mountain Lodge, which sits at the edge of the world's largest salt in Bolivia, and the historic Canfranc Station Hotel in Spain. 

Narrated by Julie Walters, the six-part series ventures across all six continents to shine a spotlight on some of the most unusual and breathtaking escapes, along with the teams that keep them running and the guests living their wildest dreams. 

World's Most Secret Hotels starts on Channel 4, 18th April, 8pm. 

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Light entity comes to visit campers who are meditating, April 2026, UFO Sightings Daily.

Date of sighting: April 10, 2026

Location of sighting: Mojanda, Equador

Source: 

• https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1496915635136377&set=pcb.1496877081806899

This group of people got together in order to try to summon and contact alien life. They succeeded in the mountains of Equador a few days ago. They took a photo and caught a yellowish glowing person who looks to be wearing a long robe with an aura around the person. Very rare and breathtaking capture. Summoning alien entities works, I've done it and it was in the daylight and 2 meters from me. So don't discount such evidence...this is a serious scientific proven area. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Two Earth Size UFOs Shoot Past Sun During Solar Explosion! April 2026, UFO UAP Paranormal Alien Sighting News.

   

Date of sighting: April 1, 2026

Location of sighting: Earths Sun

Source 1: 

• https://soho.nascom.nasa.gov/data/REPROCESSING/Completed/2026/c2/20260101/20260101_0848_c2_1024.jpg 

Source 2: 

• file:///Users/scottwaring/Desktop/20260101_0448_c2_1024.jpg

These two huge craft were caught by NASA SOHO sun satellite last week. The craft are huge, as big as Earth itself and they move incredibly fast...so fast in fact, that the satellite only caught them each in a single photo. For instance at 08:48 it caught the first UFO shooting past which was Earth size and in the second photo at 09:00 just 12 minutes later, the UFO had vanished. That means this craft was traveling fast. I asked ChatGPT to estimate the size of the head in front of the streak in the first screenshot and to estimate its speed. 

 

Got it. Measuring only the bright head changes it a lot.

Using the same LASCO C2 image scale:

• Full frame width ≈ 4.2 million km

• 1024 px image gives about ~4,100 km per pixel

From your enlarged inset, the bright head looks roughly about 4 to 6 pixels wide at its brightest solid part.

Bright head size estimate

• 4 px × 4,100 km = ~16,400 km

• 6 px × 4,100 km = ~24,600 km

Best estimate

👉 Bright head size: about 16,000 to 25,000 km across

That makes it roughly:

• 1.3 to 2 times Earth’s diameter in apparent size

Speed

The speed estimate stays about the same as before, because that depends on how far it moved between frames, not on the trail length:

• 👉 about 500 to 900 km/s

If you want, I can also do a more exact pixel-count estimate from the image itself and give you a tighter number for the head diameter.

So ChatGPT says its size is 1.3 to 2times the Earths diameter in size or 16,000-25,000km across. 

I had it convert the speed in km per hour again and it said; 👉 About 1.8 million to 3.24 million km/h. So I honestly can say...it was fast. It said it was too fast for most meteors or asteroids. 

I asked ChatGPT, could the object get out of the frame that was taken at 08:48 by 09:00? It answered;👉 Yes, at 500–900 km/s, an object could definitely be out of frame by 09:00, especially if it was already near the edge or moving diagonally outward.

So you see, UFOs frequently fly past our sun, and move so incredibly fast they that they are gone in 15 minutes later in the next frame. I'm sure NASA has continuous photos every few seconds however they would never let the public know about it. NASAs goals have been to keep the public in the dark by drop feeding them boring facts, to keep the public curiosity under control and keep funding rolling in. Aliens...are everywhere in our solar system. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

In 2007, a writer named Lawrence Spencer received an envelope he never asked for. Inside were documents allegedly from Roswell Army Air Field, dated 1947—duty rosters, internal memos, and pages stamped “Top Secret.” Buried among them were transcripts of interviews with a surviving entity from the Roswell crash. 

According to the material, the U.S. Army was unable to communicate with the being through any conventional means. Only one person could establish contact: a nurse named Matilda MacElroy, who reportedly communicated with the entity through telepathy. 

The envelope was sent by an 83-year-old woman, said to be MacElroy herself, just weeks before her death. She claimed to have remained silent for over sixty years under threat of severe consequences. With those who might have known her story long gone, she chose to release the documents rather than let them remain hidden. 

What she described in those transcripts goes far beyond the Roswell incident. It presents a narrative that challenges fundamental ideas about Earth, consciousness, and the nature of human existence. 

The being, identified as “Airl,” was said not to be a biological organism, but an IC-BE, an “Immortal Spiritual Being”, inhabiting an artificial body, described as a kind of biological machine or “doll.” 

Airl allegedly belonged to a vast and ancient interstellar civilization known as “The Domain,” a powerful empire operating across large regions of the galaxy and far more advanced than humanity. 

According to Airl, humans, and all life on Earth, were created or engineered in laboratories of the "The Domain", then transported to this planet a long time ago. In this framework, humans are themselves IC-BEs: immortal consciousnesses inhabiting physical bodies, but unaware of their true nature due to deliberate suppression of memory and awareness. 

The human body, in this account, functions as a container, a biological vessel designed to host consciousness while limiting its full capabilities and perception. The transcripts further describe Earth as a “prison planet,” originally established by a rival force known as “The Old Empire.” This system allegedly included mechanisms to trap consciousness. Even though this empire is said to have abandoned the system long ago, the process continues to operate automatically. 

Within this cycle, when a person dies, their consciousness, the IC-BE, is captured, subjected to a memory wipe, and then placed into a new body. This creates a continuous loop of reincarnation without awareness of past lives. 

The memory suppression is described as the result of advanced technology, possibly electromagnetic or frequency-based, designed to erase identity and prevent individuals from realizing their true nature. Sometimes the reincarnated IC-BE remembers parts of it's past life due to a failure to erase it's memory for the full 100 percent. (For example: young children who describe, in striking detail, past lives and recalling specific people and places they seemingly could not have known about.) 

Although there is no independent evidence that Airl ever existed, the entire account stems from a single, unverified source. There are no confirmed military, historical, or scientific records to support the existence of these alleged interviews, “The Domain,” or “The Old Empire.” Even Lawrence Spencer presented the material without providing verifiable proof. However, some argue that this lack of evidence could be the result of a large-scale Roswell cover-up. As for the question of whether the human race was created by “The Domain,” proponents claim there is scientific support for this idea, an argument explored further in our article, Scientific Proof the Human Race Was Created by Aliens. 

The complete transcript of the alien interview is available to read Here.

In the video below, The Why Files takes a deeper dive into this controversial story.

  

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

The Air Force Asked This Man to Investigate UFOs—Then Pushed Him Away After What He Found

• "Hearst Magazines and Yahoo may earn commission or revenue on some items through these links."
• This story is a collaboration with Biography.com.

FROM SKEPTIC TO BELIEVER

Do you think the U.S. government is hiding, and possibly reverse-engineering, extraterrestrial technology? Think again. Or better yet, don’t think about it at all. Nothing to see here.

That’s the underlying message of a report released in 2024 by the Department of Defense. The 63-page “Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP)” concludes that the DoD’s All-Domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) “found no evidence that any [U.S. Government] investigation, academic-sponsored research, or official review panel has confirmed that any sighting of a UAP represented extraterrestrial technology.”

The AARO, as The Guardian summarizes, is “a government office established in 2022 to detect and, as necessary, mitigate threats including ‘anomalous, unidentified space, airborne, submerged and transmedium objects’.”

This report came on the heels of, and in contradiction to, what was arguably the most high-profile hearing on UAPs—formerly known as unidentified flying objects, or UFOs—in decades: the August 2023 testimony of “whistleblower” Dave Grusch.

In the bombshell hearing, Grusch, a former member of the Pentagon’s UAP Task Force, claimed that he had been made aware of a “multi-decade UAP crash retrieval and reverse engineering program.” But his claims were never substantiated, and while the 2024 report doesn’t mention Grusch by name, it does offer plausible explanations for the phenomena he described in his testimony.

This is hardly the first government report to debunk stories about little green men and their strange flying saucers. So, why do Americans keep clinging to conspiracy theories about extraterrestrial visitors? Blame science fiction, the AARO report says:

“A consistent theme in popular culture involves a particularly persistent narrative that the USG—or a secretive organization within it—recovered several off-world spacecraft and extraterrestrial biological remains, that it operates a program or programs to reverse engineer the recovered technology, and that it has conspired since the 1940s to keep this effort hidden from the United States Congress and the American public.

AARO recognizes that many people sincerely hold versions of these beliefs which are based on their perception of past experiences, the experiences of others whom they trust, or media and online outlets they believe to be sources of credible and verifiable information. The proliferation of television programs, books, movies, and the vast amount of internet and social media content centered on UAP-related topics most likely has influenced the public conversation on this topic, and reinforced these beliefs within some sections of the population.”

The X-Files and the internet helped guide curious people toward the fringes of ufology. But to fully understand the ongoing public skepticism regarding the government-provided explanations about aliens, we must consider the man who was once responsible for upholding these “official” stories—and examine his stunning evolution from a fellow skeptic to the world’s leading UFO advocate.

Who Was J. Allen Hynek?

J. Allen Hynek, photographed in 1972.

Denver Post - Getty Images

Josef Allen Hynek, who was born on May 1, 1910, developed an interest in the cosmos following an episode of illness during his childhood. The sickness steered his curiosity away from following in the footsteps of his mother and father—a schoolteacher and cigar manufacturer, respectively—and toward the universe. Biography.com writes:

“An introduction to the stars came after Hynek was bedridden with scarlet fever at age seven: Having run through their supply of children's books to read, his mom turned to textbooks, with a high school edition on astronomy capturing the boy’s attention.”

From an early age, Hynek’s passion for science was mixed with a penchant for mystery and a pursuit of philosophical thought. He had “an interest in more esoteric subjects, particularly the works of the Rosicrucian secret societies and hermetic philosopher Rudolf Steiner,” according to Biography.com.

In 1934, as a doctoral student, Hynek contributed to observations of the Nova Herculis supernova at Perkins Observatory in Ohio. By 1936, he joined Ohio State University’s Physics and Astronomy Department. His research over the next 12 years culminated in his appointment as director of the university’s McMillin Observatory.

And that’s when the U.S. government came calling—with an unusual request.

How Did J. Allen Hynek Become Involved With UFOs?

In the waning days of World War II, American fighter pilots reported seeing aircraft that were unlike any previously encountered in combat. Some described “orange, flowing lights,” while another pilot “saw a red-ish, wingless, cigar-shape object.”

These accounts reached the media, and a population exhausted by war both wondered and worried about the tales of the strange aircraft. But the occurrences were ultimately attributed to “electrostatic or electromagnetic phenomena.”

The incident involving pilot Kenneth Arnold on June 24, 1947, however, wasn’t as readily explained—and, more crucially, it wasn’t as easily dismissed. As Pop Mech previously summarized:

“While searching for a Marine Corps C-46 transport plane, experienced pilot Kenneth Arnold diverted from his original flight path to help search the southwest slope of Mount Rainier. During the search, Arnold observed nine “peculiar-looking” and possibly “completely round” objects flying in a formation that reminded him of geese. It was later estimated they were flying in excess of 1,000 miles per hour. When he reported it (and assuming they were a new type of jet or experimental military aircraft), the Army Air Corps dismissed it as a mirage or hallucination.”

When Arnold believed the Army dismissed his claims too lightly, he reached out to the press. His discussion with Bill Bequette from the East Oregonian newspaper resulted in Bequette creating the term “flying saucers” to describe the unusual objects Arnold reported seeing.

(L-R) Pilots E.J. Smith, Kenneth Arnold, and Ralph E. Stevens look at a photo of an unidentified flying object which they sighted while en route to Seattle, Washington in 1947.

Bettmann - Getty Images

America’s intelligence apparatus was still nascent at the time; the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) dissolved in 1945, and its successor, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), wouldn’t form until three months after Arnold reported his sighting. If there were mysterious objects flying in America’s airspace, the U.S. didn’t know where they could be coming from: The USSR? Enemies abroad? Aliens from another world?

It was crucial, then, to investigate whether these claims had any truth to them, and just as important to reassure a nervous American public that there was no cause for alarm (even if that might not have been true).

The U.S. Air Force enlisted Hynek to serve as an “astronomical consultant” for “Project Sign,” its initiative dedicated to examining the multitude of reports. Throughout Project Sign, Hynek meticulously analyzed each account of unusual aerial occurrences and categorized them accordingly. Per Biography.com:

“There were those which were simply astronomical observations, like the appearance of a meteor, those explained by meteorology, like an unusually shaped cloud, and those which captured accounts of man-made objects, like balloons. That left about 20 percent with no clear explanation...”

Hynek’s later writings suggest that he had hoped for additional investigations to address the questions posed by the remaining 20 percent of unexplained cases. However, the U.S. government, apprehensive about public fears during the Cold War and the potential for those fears to be manipulated, preferred to make such questions go away. And so, Project Sign evolved into “Project Grudge.”

“The staff,” the Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena summarizes, “especially those who seemed to lean towards belief in the ‘interplanetary’ origin of UFOs, were reportedly purged from the organization.”

Project Grudge released only one report, in August 1949. “There is no evidence that objects reported upon are the result of an advanced scientific foreign development; and, therefore they constitute no direct threat to the national security,” the report determined. It concluded by recommending that “the investigation and study of reports of unidentified flying objects be reduced in scope.”

Hynek, disillusioned with the direction the investigations took, characterized Project Grudge as a “public relations campaign.”

The Scientist Who Stopped Debunking UFOs | Dr. J. Allen Hynek’s Breaking Point

What Was Project Blue Book?

Project Grudge’s conclusions failed to quell concerns about what people now referred to as “unidentified flying objects,” or UFOs. So the Air Force resumed its investigations once more, this time in its most famous form: “Project Blue Book.”

The Air Force again brought in Hynek for Project Blue Book, permitting him to actually conduct field investigations into these phenomena himself. Hynek’s perspective on the extraterrestrial theories regarding the unexplained sightings evolved from his days with Project Sign. As Biography.com observes:

“While he had harbored plenty of skepticism the first time around, he found his assumptions challenged by the rational recollections of witnesses, and began thinking about the legitimate scientific study of these 'Unidentified Flying Objects' or 'UFOs.'”

However, Hynek quickly realized that he was seen more as an instrument to dismiss alien speculation than as a scientist tasked with exploring such possibilities. As Biography notes, “By the 1960s, Hynek found himself in conflict with the restrictive supervision of the Air Force.”

Hynek (right) at the Smithsonian Observatory during his post as the chief of Operation Moonwatch in 1957.

Getty Images

One particularly embarrassing incident for Hynek came in 1966, when he was sent to investigate “reports of unusual lights in separate areas of Michigan over successive nights.” Hurried to provide an explanation and pressed to steer clear of extraterrestrial theories, Hynek was compelled to suggest publicly that the sightings might be attributed to “swamp gas.”

Hynek dismisses a Michigan sighting of a UFO as luminous swamp gas at a press conference in 1966.

Getty Images

The term “swamp gas” became a proto-meme of the mid-60s, and House Minority Leader (and future president) Gerald Ford demanded answers for the seemingly shoddy investigation. “Called to testify,” Biography.com notes, “Hynek used the occasion to argue for an extensive, transparent study of UFOs.”

Hynek broke from the directives of the Air Force, and just three years later, Project Blue Book was completely terminated. But that didn’t stop the astronomer.

Project Blue Book: J. Allen Hynek Classified files | Calm UFO & Alien Sleep Story

What Did J. Allen Hynek Do After Project Blue Book?

Freed from the constraints of the Air Force, Hynek initiated a public campaign to promote the rigorous scientific investigation of what he called “ufology.” This effort first materialized as his 1972 book, The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry.

Hynek wrote about his philosophy on the study of UFOs, his observations from decades working on Project Sign and Project Blue Book, and his scale for classifying UFO sightings, which involved both distant and close encounters. He classified distant observations as either “nocturnal lights,” “daylight discs,” or for those not seen directly by human eyes, “radar/visuals.”

The other observations—“close encounters”—also broke down into three categories. HISTORY summarizes:

“Close Encounters of the First Kind meant UFOs seen at a close enough range to make out some details. In a Close Encounter of the Second Kind, the UFO had a physical effect, such as scorching trees, frightening animals or causing car motors to suddenly conk out. In Close Encounters of the Third Kind, witnesses reported seeing occupants in or near a UFO.”

That final category inspired the title of the classic 1977 Steven Spielberg film, Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Hynek was reportedly paid for the use of the title and for his role as a consultant on the movie, and he also made a brief appearance in the Best Picture nominee. Hynek also appeared on shows like “The Dick Cavett Show” and “In Search Of...,” spoke on the university lecture circuit, and even presented on UFOs to the United Nations. His life’s work inspired a two-season TV series that aired in the 2010s, aptly named Project Blue Book.

Dr. J. Allen Hynek holds a pipe and one of his magazine editorials while serving as technical advisor for the film, ’Close Encounters of The Third Kind,’ directed by Steven Spielberg, 1977.

getty images - Getty Images

Crucially, while Hynek openly discussed the limitations he faced during his tenure with the Air Force and was forthright about its apparent lack of genuine interest in investigating the possibility of alien encounters, his written work never fully embraced conspiracy theories. That wouldn’t be true for those who came after him.

What Is J. Allen Hynek’s UFO Legacy?

In 1986, the year Hynek died, conspiracy theorist George C. Andrews published Extra-Terrestrials Among Us, a book that incorporated ideas of ufology into existing ideas of government conspiracies and secret organizations. In Andrews’ grand vision of a global conspiracy, he claimed extraterrestrials were behind the killing of President John F. Kennedy.

In 1991, conspiracy theorist Bill Cooper incorporated Andrews’ theories into his manifesto, Behold a Pale Horse, one of the more widely read books of fringe political conspiracies. Where Hynek kept his speculations scientific, The New Republic noted that Cooper’s co-opting of ufology was “...the tip of a spear asserting that the number one thing we had to fear was not little green men, but the government that colluded with them, appropriating their technology against us.”

Hynek’s legacy risks being overshadowed by the extreme and politically charged theories of self-proclaimed ufologists that emerged in his wake. His ambition was for ufology to gain recognition as a legitimate scientific field; however, the proliferation of conspiracy theories that came after him provided the government with further justification to dismiss the subject entirely.

The 2024 AARO report stated that during the time Hynek was working with Project Blue Book, “about 75 percent of Americans trusted the [US government] ‘to do the right thing almost always or most of the time.’” But, the report noted, since 2007, that number has never risen above 30 percent. “This lack of trust probably has contributed to the belief held by some subset of the U.S. population that the USG has not been truthful regarding knowledge of extraterrestrial craft.”

Ultimately, the Air Force’s efforts to stifle Hynek—pressuring him to offer the public standard responses to questions he wasn’t even allowed to ask—appears to have backfired.

Ironically, the Air Force’s attempts to quiet suspicions only fueled them, leading to more conspiracy theories and distrust. People came to believe that the government was hiding the truth, contrary to Hynek’s actual revelation: that, in reality, the people at the top may not care much about finding the answers after all.

Hynek’s Final UFO Mission: The International Center for UFO Research. Declassified UFO Files.

{ https://profiles.yahoo.com/brands/popular-mechanics/}

Country Star Kacey Musgraves Talks About UFOs Following Her Plane, April 9, 2026, UFO Sightings Daily.

Date of sighting: April 9, 2026

Location of sighting: Over Arkansas, USA

Source: Kacey Musgraves IG

Hey all, you know I had to jump on this one the moment I saw it…country star Kacey Musgraves just caught something very real looking out her plane window, and this isn’t some shaky, out-of-focus nonsense. The footage shows glowing lights moving in formation, steady, intelligent, and absolutely not behaving like any commercial aircraft I’ve ever seen. What’s important here is her own statement..."this happened on April 9, 2026," not the later dates the media is tossing around to muddy the timeline. This is how it always happens…the witness sees it one day, then the story gets delayed, reshaped, and repackaged before the public really notices. Now ask yourself, how many other passengers saw the same thing that night and stayed quiet? This is another piece of the puzzle, and it’s getting harder and harder for anyone to deny what’s really flying above us.

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily

Country Star Talks About UFOs Following Her Plane, April 9, 2026, UFO UAP Sighting Paranormal News

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFOs dance and disappear over Osaka, Japan April 11, 2026 UFO Sightings Daily.

Date of sighting: April 11, 2026

Location of sighting: Osaka, Japan

Source: 

• https://www.youtube.com/@ウクレレめんま/videos

This person has a great eye for detail as they noticed small lights in the distance over Osaka skyline. The lights move about, but as they get closer to each other they light up brightly, then as they move away from each other they turn off the lights. Such behavior is unheard of for planes or helicopters and the close proximity of one another is too dangerous for aircraft. However UFOs often display this kind of behavior to keep track and even communicate through light pulses to each other. With President Trump about to release a large amount of UFO files...aliens know and they are excited, allowing others to see them more often now. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

UFOs dance and disappear over Osaka, Japan April 11, 2026 UFO UAP alien paranormal sighting news.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

EXCLUSIVE - Missing nuclear official becomes TENTH person tied to dark pattern surrounding US secrets

By CHRIS MELORE, US ASSISTANT SCIENCE EDITOR

Another person with links to America's nuclear secrets has gone missing as the disturbing list of deaths and disappearances in recent years continues to grow. 

Steven Garcia, 48, vanished without a trace on August 28, 2025. He was last seen leaving his Albuquerque, New Mexico home on foot, carrying only a handgun.

An anonymous source told the Daily Mail that Garcia was a government contractor working for the Kansas City National Security Campus (KCNSC), a major facility in Albuquerque that plays a key behind-the-scenes role in America's national defense.

Specifically, KCNSC manufactures more than 80 percent of all the non-nuclear components that go into building the military's nuclear weapons.

Garcia allegedly served as a property custodian at KCNSC's New Mexico facility, giving him a top security clearance and broad access to the entire site's nuclear secrets.  

The source described Garcia's work as 'a very high-level, overseeing position for all the assets. Tens, maybe hundreds of millions of dollars in equipment and assets, some of which are not classified, others would be classified.'

The government contractor's sudden disappearance marks the tenth person with ties to America's space or nuclear secrets who has died or mysteriously vanished in recent years, putting US national security experts on edge.

Moreover, four of these officials have vanished without a trace in almost the same manner as Garcia, and all had a connection to US nuclear secrets or rocket technology.

Steven Garcia (Pictured) was last seen on August 28, 2025. A source has revealed to the Daily Mail that Garcia worked as a government contractor at a key nuclear weapons facility

The Daily Mail has reached out to KCNSC and the US Department of Energy, which owns and oversees the facility, to confirm Garcia's work at the site and for comment on his disappearance.

According to police in Albuquerque, Garcia was last spotted on surveillance cameras walking out of his home on Cattail Court SW in a green camouflage shirt and shorts just after 9am local time.

He was also seen carrying a handgun, and authorities warned that Garcia 'may be a danger to himself.'

However, the anonymous source disputed any suggestions that the nuclear official may have been suicidal or was battling mental health issues.

'He was a very stable person,' they declared, adding that the possibility of Garcia being the target of foreign spies 'makes the most sense.'

Former FBI Assistant Director Chris Swecker previously told the Daily Mail: ’Our scientists have been targeted for a long time, especially in the rocket propulsion area, by hostile foreign intelligence services.’

Days after Garcia's disappearance, KCNSC reportedly launched a desperate search for the missing contractor, including going through his work computers, emails and files for any clues to his whereabouts, but nothing has been found.

'It's a little strange that these people just keep disappearing. I mean, he literally just walked off into the desert with a firearm and a bottle of water and that was it,' the source said, comparing it to the disappearance of retired Air Force General William Neil McCasland.

William Neil McCasland, 68, was last seen around 11am on February 27 near Quail Run Court NE in Albuquerque, the Bernalillo County Sheriff's Office said

Steven Garcia (Pictured) was last seen leaving his New Mexico home with a handgun and no phone, keys or wallet

McCasland, 68, who also lived in Albuquerque, vanished after leaving his home on February 27, 2026, with no phone, wearable devices or his prescription glasses. The Air Force veteran was only carrying a .38-caliber revolver.

Two other individuals in New Mexico with a connection to US nuclear facilities disappeared under identical circumstances in 2025. 

Anthony Chavez and Melissa Casias both worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), one of the nation's most important nuclear research sites.

Chavez, 79, worked at the lab until his retirement in 2017, although his role there has not been made clear. Casias, 54, was an active administrative assistant at the facility and is believed to have had top security clearance.

Both were last seen leaving their homes in New Mexico on foot, leaving behind their cars, keys, wallets and phones before disappearing without a trace less than four months before Garcia vanished.

All three, Garcia, Chavez and Casias, have been tied to General McCasland, who was the former commander of the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) and oversaw research at Kirtland Air Force Base from 2001 to 2004.

Kirtland, KCNSC and LANL work closely together on national security projects, especially research involving America's nuclear capabilities.

Anthony Chavez (Left) and Melissa Casias (Right) were both employees at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both disappeared within weeks of each other in 2025

'That entire mission runs out of Kirtland Air Force Base. A big part of it, including the technology and the production of the technology that they use, is all built in Albuquerque. So McCasland would have absolutely known and been to these facilities,' a source revealed.

Read More

EXCLUSIVE

• Several scientists are missing or dead. Now ex-FBI boss reveals chilling plot likely unfolding 

Fearing that a foreign power may be taking aim at America's nuclear program again, Swecker noted: ’I think we’ve even seen instances where nuclear scientists have been taken out. They've been assassinated.’ 

Meanwhile, NASA scientist Monica Jacinto Reza, 60, disappeared while hiking with friends in California on June 22, 2025. 

The director of the Materials Processing Group at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has also been directly tied to General McCasland through her work to invent a space-age metal called Mondaloy. The project was funded directly by AFRL while McCasland was overseeing her lab from 2011 to 2013.

In addition to the string of disappearances in the Southwest, five scientists in key areas of research have died over the last three years, including two who were murdered in their own homes.

Nuno Loureiro, 47, was assassinated at his home in the Boston suburb of Brookline on December 15, 2025. Authorities said the gunman was Claudio Neves Valente, a former classmate from Portugal.

However, a former FBI official and independent investigators have noted that Loureiro's revolutionary work in nuclear fusion may have made him a target of a greater conspiracy against US scientists.

Astrophysicist Carl Grillmair, 67, was shot to death on the front porch of his home on February 16, 2026. The California Institute of Technology researcher's work had been heavily supported by NASA's JPL, including major space telescope missions led by NASA.

Grillmair's work with the NEOWISE and NEO Surveyor has also been linked to the Air Force, as the NASA telescopes used the same systems the military relies on to track satellites and hypersonic missiles.

Two other men with deep ties to NASA JPL died recently, with the circumstances surrounding their passings remaining a mystery. 

NASA scientist Frank Maiwald reportedly died on July 4, 2024 in Los Angeles at the age of 61, but the cause of death has never been made public, and officials confirmed that an autopsy was never performed.

In June 2023, just 13 months before his death, he was the lead researcher on a breakthrough that could help future space missions detect clear signs of life on other worlds, including Jupiter’s moon Europa, Saturn’s moon Enceladus, or the dwarf planet Ceres.

Michael David Hicks, a research scientist at NASA JPL, passed away on July 30, 2023 at the age of 59, but the cause of death was never made public, and no record of an autopsy being performed could be found.

Hicks had been involved with the DART Project, NASA’s test to see if humans could deflect dangerous asteroids away from Earth. He also worked on the Deep Space 1 Mission, which tested new spacecraft technology that flew by a comet in 2001.

NASA JPL has not commented on the deaths of Maiwald or Hicks, and did not reply to Daily Mail's inquiries into the nature of the scientists' work before their deaths.

In another mysterious incident, Jason Thomas, a pharmaceutical researcher testing cancer treatments at Novartis, was found dead in a Massachusetts lake on March 17, 2026, after disappearing without a trace three months earlier.

 { https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

The Dyatlov Pass Incident: New Forensic Perspectives on the Ural Mountains’ Greatest Mystery

mariusalbertsen

In February 1959, nine experienced hikers vanished in the northern Ural Mountains of the Soviet Union. When their bodies were finally recovered months later, the scene was so bizarre and gruesome that it birthed a mystery lasting over six decades. The Dyatlov Pass incident remains a focal point for researchers, historians, and conspiracy theorists alike. While official reports often cite a "compelling natural force," the specific details of the deaths suggest something far more complex. From radioactive clothing to missing tongues and internal trauma without external bruising, the enigma of Kholat Syakhl continues to defy simple explanations.

The expedition was led by Igor Dyatlov, a 23-year-old engineering student from the Ural Polytechnical Institute. His team consisted of eight other young professionals and students, all of whom were highly trained in long-distance ski tours. They were attempting to reach Mount Otorten, a route classified as Category III, the most difficult level of difficulty. On the night of February 1, 1959, the group pitched their tent on the slopes of Kholat Syakhl, a name translated from the local Mansi language as "Mountain of the Dead." They never made it to their destination.

The Scene of the Crime: A Tent Torn from Within

A photograph of the Auspiya River area connected to the Dyatlov route in the northern Urals.

(CC BY-SA 4.0)

When search parties finally located the campsite on February 26, they found a scene of absolute chaos. The tent had been cut open from the inside, suggesting a sudden, panicked exit. Most of the hikers’ belongings, including their boots and warm coats, were still inside the tent. Despite the temperature being as low as -30°C (-22°F), the hikers had fled into the darkness in their socks or even barefoot. This immediate abandonment of life-saving equipment is one of the most baffling aspects of the Dyatlov Pass incident.

Footprints in the snow led down the slope toward a nearby forest, nearly 1.5 kilometers (0.9 miles) away. Under a large cedar tree, the first two bodies were found: Yuri Krivonischenko and Yuri Doroshenko. They were dressed only in their underwear and were shoeless. Nearby were the remains of a small fire. Interestingly, branches on the cedar tree were broken up to five meters (16 ft) high, suggesting that one of the hikers had frantically climbed the tree, perhaps to look for the tent or to escape a threat on the ground.

Between the cedar tree and the tent, the bodies of Igor Dyatlov, Zinaida Kolmogorova, and Rustem Slobodin were discovered. Their positions indicated they were attempting to crawl back to the tent when they succumbed to the elements. Slobodin was found to have a small crack in his skull, though it was not considered a fatal wound at the time. For weeks, these five deaths were attributed solely to hypothermia, but the discovery of the remaining four hikers in May changed the narrative entirely.

The Forensic Enigma: Internal Trauma and Missing Organs

A real archival document image from the original case file, directly relevant to the paragraph discussing radioactive clothing and official testing.

(Public domain)

The final four hikers, Dubinina, Zolotaryov, Thibeaux-Brignolles, and Kolevatov, were found buried under four meters (13 ft) of snow in a ravine further into the woods. Unlike the others, these individuals had suffered horrific internal injuries. Thibeaux-Brignolles had a major skull fracture, while Dubinina and Zolotaryov had suffered massive chest fractures. According to the examining doctor, Boris Vozrozhdenny, the force required to cause such damage was comparable to a high-speed car crash.

What made these injuries even more mysterious was the lack of external soft tissue damage. No bruises or hematomas corresponded to the broken bones, as if the hikers had been crushed by a massive, uniform pressure. Furthermore, Lyudmila Dubinina was found to be missing her tongue, her eyes, and part of her lips. While some experts argue this was the result of scavengers or decay in the wet environment of the stream where she was found, the precision of the missing tissue led to decades of speculation about more sinister causes.

Another disturbing detail emerged during the forensic testing of the victims' clothing. Several items were found to be highly radioactive. In the context of the Cold War, this immediately sparked theories about secret Soviet weapons testing in the Ural Mountains. However, the levels of radiation were localized, and some historians point out that the hikers, many of whom worked in nuclear facilities or laboratories, might have been contaminated before the trip began. Nevertheless, the presence of radiation remains a key pillar of the Dyatlov Pass incident lore.

From Avalanches to Infrasound: The Leading Scientific Theories

A dramatic and haunting view of the snow-covered peaks in the Northern Ural Mountains, illustrating the extreme and isolated conditions the Dyatlov group faced on the "Mountain of the Dead."

(Public Domain)

In 2021, a new scientific study published in Communications Earth & Environment by Alexander Puzrin and Johan Gaume proposed a "slab avalanche" theory. They argued that a rare type of small, delayed avalanche could have been triggered by the hikers' decision to cut into the snow slope to pitch their tent. This slab of snow could have hit the tent while they slept, causing the severe internal injuries seen in the ravine victims and forcing the group to flee in a state of shock and injury. This is currently the most widely accepted scientific explanation for the Dyatlov Pass incident.

However, many veteran hikers and researchers in Russia remain skeptical of the avalanche theory. They point out that the slope was not particularly steep and that there were no visible signs of an avalanche when the rescuers arrived. Another scientific theory involves "infrasound." This phenomenon occurs when specific wind patterns over the mountains create low-frequency sound waves that are inaudible to the human ear but can cause feelings of intense dread, nausea, and acute panic. Proponents of this theory suggest that infrasound drove the hikers into a temporary madness, causing them to slash their way out of the tent.

Mysterious glowing orange orbs illuminate the night sky over the snowy Ural Mountains on the night of the Dyatlov Pass incident.

(Generated)

Secret Weapons and Spheres of Light: The Cold War Shadow

For those who find the natural explanations lacking, the "military" theory offers a darker alternative. During the time of the Dyatlov Pass incident, the Soviet Union was frequently testing missiles and rockets. Witnesses from another hiking group 50 kilometers (31 miles) away reported seeing strange "orange orbs" in the sky on the night the group died. Some believe the hikers accidentally entered a forbidden testing zone and were killed by a fuel-air explosive or a falling rocket stage, which would account for the pressure-based internal injuries and the radiation.

The lead investigator in 1959, Lev Ivanov, later admitted in 1990 that he had been ordered to close the case and classify the findings. He personally believed that the "flying spheres" had something to do with the deaths. Furthermore, the location of the incident was near the Mansi people’s sacred lands. While early suspicions fell on the Mansi, there was no evidence of a struggle or other human tracks in the area. The Mansi themselves have their own legends about the mountain, warning that it is a place where "nine" of anything, men or animals, will surely meet their end.

As we look back at the Dyatlov Pass incident today, it serves as a grim reminder of the power of the wilderness and the limits of forensic science. Whether it was a freak meteorological event, a military accident, or something even more inexplicable, the nine hikers of Kholat Syakhl have become part of the mountain's eternal history. Their story continues to resonate because it taps into our deepest fears: the unknown, the dark, and the "compelling force" that we cannot control.

• Top image: The Dyatlov Pass Incident: New Forensic Perspectives on the Ural Mountains’ Greatest Mystery Illustration.
• Source: AI Generated

By Marius Albertsen

References

• Gaume, J., and A. M. Puzrin. 2021. “Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959.” Communications Earth & Environment 2, Article 10. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-020-00081-8
• Puzrin, A. M., and J. Gaume. 2022. “Post-publication careers: follow-up expeditions reveal avalanches at Dyatlov Pass.” Communications Earth & Environment 3, Article 63. Available at: https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-022-00393-x
• Romy, C., D. Eidenbenz, S. Grabherr, K. Zafren, C. Jaques, N. Hall, and M. Pasquier. 2025. “Causes of death and types of injuries of avalanche fatalities based on forensic data: a scoping review.” Resuscitation Plus 26:101101. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12506530/

FAQs

1. Was the Dyatlov Pass incident caused by a Yeti? While "Yeti" or "Menk" theories are popular in tabloids and folklore, there is no physical evidence, such as non-human tracks or hair samples, to support the idea that an unknown primate attacked the group. The internal injuries were more consistent with pressure or impact than a physical struggle.
2. Why was the hikers' clothing radioactive? Small amounts of radiation were found on a few pieces of clothing. Some researchers believe this was due to the hikers' professional backgrounds in technical institutes that handled radioactive materials, while others suggest it came from fallout from secret atmospheric tests occurring in the USSR at the time.
3. Has the case been officially solved by the Russian government? In 2020, the Russian Prosecutor General's office concluded that the cause of death was a combination of an avalanche and poor visibility, which prevented the hikers from returning to their camp. However, many independent researchers and family members of the victims continue to dispute this conclusion.

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{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology }

The findings underscore a fundamental transformation in planetary exploration: moving from slow, human-directed missions to agile, semi-autonomous technologies that can efficiently traverse and study the toughest terrains in the solar system.

“Future planetary exploration missions require advanced robotic capabilities to efficiently identify and characterize lithologies, rock textures, and mineralogies for astrobiological investigations and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU),” researchers write. “This study explores an alternative semi-autonomous, multi-target exploration strategy using a legged robotic system, which could enable faster, more efficient surface prospecting on the Moon and Mars.”​

In the study, researchers used “ANYmal,” a four-legged robot built by Anybotics and specially equipped with a robotic arm carrying a microscopic imager and a Raman spectrometer—tools capable of examining rock textures and identifying mineral composition on site.

Unlike traditional wheeled rovers, which struggle on steep or unstable terrain, legged robots, like ANYmal, can access regions that have long remained out of reach, including crater walls, fractured landscapes, and ice-rich slopes.

Researchers argue that the capabilities demonstrated in this study are important for advancing efficient, independent exploration, especially in environments where communication with Earth is limited.

A Bottleneck in Space Exploration

For decades, robotic exploration has been limited not just by engineering challenges but also by physics.

On Mars, communication delays between Earth and robotic missions can range from 3 to 22 minutes one way. That means every movement, measurement, or decision must be carefully planned in advance, often resulting in painfully slow progress. Even the most advanced rovers typically travel only a few dozen to a few hundred yards per day while scientists analyze incoming data and prepare the next set of commands.

This limitation becomes even more severe for missions seeking to explore regions farther from the solar system. Future missions to places like Saturn’s moon Titan, where delays exceed an hour, will require robots capable of making decisions largely on their own.

Researchers attempt to address this problem by testing whether a robot can autonomously identify and analyze multiple scientific targets within a single mission cycle, rather than relying on step-by-step human supervision.

Testing Mars and Moon with anymal on Earth

To replicate real-world conditions, the team conducted a series of analog missions within controlled environments that mimicked Martian and lunar terrain.

In a laboratory known as the “Marslabor” at the University of Basel, researchers recreated Mars surface conditions using basalt fragments and hematite-rich materials. Lighting conditions were carefully adjusted to replicate the balance of direct and diffuse sunlight found on Mars.

For the lunar simulations, the team conducted experiments in near darkness to mimic the extreme lighting conditions near the Moon’s southern polar regions, where extended shadows and high contrast can obscure surface features.

The robot was tasked with identifying and analyzing various rock types known to exist on Mars and the Moon, including gypsum, carbonate rocks, basalt, dunite, and anorthosite—materials that are scientifically significant for analyzing planetary history and assessing potential resources.

Two Ways to Explore Another World

The study compared two distinct exploratory strategies. In the first, a semi-autonomous, multi-target approach, human operators selected multiple targets at the start of the mission. The ANYmal robot then carried out all navigation, positioning, and scientific measurements independently.

In the second, operators used the more traditional method of guiding the ANYmal robot step by step, reviewing data after each measurement and deciding what to do next.

The results showed that across four Mars-like missions, the semi-autonomous system successfully identified targets at rates of 66.7%-100%, with mission durations as short as 12 minutes.

By contrast, the human-guided lunar mission achieved a perfect 100% success rate—but took significantly longer, requiring 41 minutes to complete. The trade-off highlights a key tension in future exploration: speed versus precision.

The robots are highly agile and capable of rapidly scanning their surroundings and flagging areas of interest

(Picture: Dr Tomaso Bontognali./Cover Media)

Seeing and “Touching” Alien Worlds

A major innovation in the system is the combination of two complementary instruments.

A custom-built microscopic imager captures high-resolution close-up images of rock textures, revealing features like grain size, layering, and structural patterns. Meanwhile, the Raman spectrometer mounted on the robot’s arm uses laser-based spectroscopy to identify the mineral composition of samples by detecting characteristic spectral peaks (distinctive markers in the spectrum produced when the laser light interacts with mineral molecules).

Together, these tools allow the ANYmal robot to observe, hypothesize, and confirm findings, something remarkably close to what a human geologist would do in the field.

In the Martian simulations, the system successfully identified gypsum through a distinctive Raman peak at around 1010 cm⁻¹. Meanwhile, sulfur deposits were detected at approximately 473 cm⁻¹.

In lunar simulations, the robot identified olivine-rich dunite and titanium-bearing rutile, both of which are considered important for analyzing planetary formation and potential resource extraction.

The ANYmal is a quadrupedal robot capable of carrying out research on lunar environments

(Picture: ETH Zurich/Cover Images)

Why ANYmal’s Legs Matter

Perhaps the most significant implication of the study lies not in the instruments, but in the ANYmal robot itself.

Traditional rovers, like NASA’s Curiosity and Perseverance, rely on wheels—an effective but limited solution. Steep slopes, loose regolith, and rocky obstacles can quickly halt their progress.

By contrast, legged robots, like ANYmal, can step over obstacles, maintain balance on uneven terrain, and access areas that would be inaccessible to wheeled systems.

This could open up entirely new regions for exploration, including sites most likely to preserve signs of past life—such as sedimentary layers, hydrothermal systems, and ice-rich environments.

The robot was put through its paces in Marslabor at the University of Basel

(Picture: Dr Tomaso Bontognali./Cover Media)

A Shift Toward Autonomous Science

The study envisions robots evolving from remote-controlled tools into autonomous scientific agents.

By allowing machines to select, analyze, and prioritize targets with minimal human intervention, missions could cover more ground, gather more data, and respond dynamically to new discoveries—all while operating millions of miles from Earth.

Researchers emphasize that this approach will be essential as missions push deeper into the solar system, where communication delays make real-time control impossible.

Their results suggest that semi-autonomous systems could dramatically increase the efficiency of planetary exploration, without sacrificing scientific value.

While the results are promising, the study also highlights challenges.

Environmental factors such as dust, lighting conditions, and instrument positioning can affect data quality. In some cases, blurred images or noisy spectral readings limited the system’s ability to accurately identify targets.

Still, the overall success of the experiments suggests that these obstacles are achievable and that the benefits of semi-autonomous exploration may far outweigh the risks.

Ultimately, as space agencies prepare for a new wave of missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, autonomous four-legged robotic explorers like ANYmal could soon move from the realm of science fiction to the reality of planetary exploration.

“Our study demonstrates that a multi-target semi-autonomous exploration approach is a viable option for geological investigations in planetary surface missions where the inability to control a robot in real-time significantly slows down exploration times and, consequently, the scientific return of the mission,” researchers conclude. “These findings emphasize the need to balance mission automation, efficiency, and scientific return based on operational constraints and planetary environments.”

• Tim McMillan is a retired law enforcement executive, investigative reporter and co-founder of The Debrief. His writing typically focuses on defense, national security, the Intelligence Community and topics related to psychology. You can follow Tim on Twitter: @LtTimMcMillan.  Tim can be reached by email: tim@thedebrief.org or through encrypted email: LtTimMcMillan@protonmail.com 

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

Disappearance of rocket scientist takes chilling turn after link to critical defense technology comes to light

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

The disappearance of a rocket scientist has taken a chilling new turn after it emerged she holds a one-of-a-kind patent tied to advanced US launch systems.

Monica Jacinto Reza, 60, was last seen hiking in the rugged San Gabriel Wilderness area in the Angeles National Forest on June 22 last year, at about 9.10am local time.

Several reports in the forum EISPIRATEN indicated that a man walking about 30ft ahead of Reza on the trail to the Waterman Mountain summit turned around moments later and discovered she had vanished without a trace. 

According to those familiar with the hike, Reza was carrying a backpack believed to contain several liters of water when she disappeared.

New attention has focused on Reza's work as public records highlight her role in developing advanced aerospace materials linked to high-performance propulsion systems.

Records show she is the only surviving co-creator of a 2010 patent filed with Dallis Ann Hardwick, who died of cancer in 2014, for a specialized metal designed to resist burning while remaining incredibly strong under extreme heat.

She was also credited as a co-inventor of Mondaloy, a nickel-based superalloy later used in key components of advanced propulsion systems developed through US Air Force and NASA-backed research programs.

Reza spent decades working at Rocketdyne, later part of Aerojet Rocketdyne, a major aerospace contractor involved in government propulsion programs, while retired US Major General William Neil McCasland, who oversaw related Air Force research portfolios, also went missing in June 2025.

Monica Jacinto Reza, 60, was last seen hiking in the rugged San Gabriel Wilderness area within the Angeles National Forest on the trail to Waterman Mountain summit on June 22 last year

Records show she is the only surviving co-creator of a patent filed in 2010 with Dallis Ann Hardwick, who died of cancer in 2014, for a specialized metal designed to resist burning while remaining incredibly strong under extreme heat

Reza and McCasland are among nine recent cases involving scientists with ties to aerospace, defense or nuclear research whose deaths or disappearances have drawn public attention.

Mondaloy was later used in the development of the AR1 rocket engine, a US-built system designed to replace Russian-made RD-180 engines previously used on United Launch Alliance rockets, part of a broader effort to reduce America's reliance on foreign propulsion systems.

Unlike older materials that were either strong but prone to burning or burn-resistant but weak, the alloy created by Reza and her colleague was designed to do both – remain durable while resisting ignition under extreme stress.

The metal is primarily made of nickel, strengthened with smaller amounts of cobalt, chromium, aluminum and titanium, allowing it to withstand the intense heat and pressure produced during rocket launches.

According to the patent, the material was intended for use in critical engine components such as turbines, ducts and fuel systems, where failure could lead to catastrophic damage.

Materials like Mondaloy are used in rocket engines that power launches carrying military satellites, missile-warning systems and other highly sensitive payloads into orbit, missions known as national security launches because they support US defense and intelligence systems.

Reza's work received funding and development support from the US Air Force Research Laboratory, which was commanded at one point by retired US Major General William Neil McCasland.

McCasland later went missing in June 2025, prompting a separate investigation that remains ongoing.

According to the Bernalillo County Sheriff's Office, McCasland was last seen speaking with a repairman at his home around 10am before his wife left the residence about an hour later.

Reza's technology helped create the AR1 engine, set to replace Russian RD-180 engines on United Launch Alliance rockets

US Air Force Major General William Neil McCasland, 68, who was in the UFO community, went missing in February after leaving on a hike near his New Mexico home

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EXCLUSIVE

•  Scientists are vanishing or turning up dead. Now ex-FBI boss reveals chilling plot likely unfolding... and who he fears is behind it 

When she returned shortly after noon, the house was empty, with his phone, prescription glassesand wearable devices left behind.

Investigators noted that his hiking boots and a .38-caliber revolver were missing and he was reported missing later that afternoon.

Search teams later discovered a US Air Force sweatshirt roughly one mile from the residence, though officials have not confirmed whether it belonged to McCasland.

Authorities have not publicly confirmed foul play in the case, and the investigation remains active.

Another mysterious case involves Michael David Hicks, a research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who died on July 30, 2023, at the age of 59. Officials have not publicly alleged foul play in his death.

Reports also highlighted the death of NASA scientist Frank Maiwald, who died on July 4, 2024, in Los Angeles at the age of 61. Authorities confirmed that no autopsy was performed and the cause of death has not been publicly disclosed.

Michael David Hicks was a research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory prior to his death in 2023

Frank Maiwald (left) and Carl Grillmair had deep ties to NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in California before both men died within the last two years

Maiwald had worked at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory since 1999 and contributed to projects involving advanced satellite technology capable of scanning Earth and other planetary bodies.

Anthony Chavez, a former employee at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), disappeared on May 4, 2025. Police in Los Alamos said the search for Chavez, 79, remains ongoing with no new information released nearly a year later.

Since 2024, several additional scientists connected to aerospace research have died under separate circumstances.

Melissa Casias worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, a long-running nuclear research facility, before disappearing on June 26 last year

Anthony Chavez was an employee at the Los Alamos National Laboratory until 2017. He disappeared without a trace in May last year

Jason Thomas was found dead after being pulled from a Massachusetts lake on March 17. He had been missing since December 12

Melissa Casias has not been seen since June 26 last year, when her family said she uncharacteristically decided to work from home, but was last spotted miles from their house walking alone without her wallet, phone or keys.

Casias, 54, was an administrative assistant at LANL.

The news came about astrophysicist Carl Grillmair, 67, who was shot and killed at his California home on February 16. 

The California Institute of Technology researcher had worked on major NASA-supported telescope missions, including the Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and NEO Surveyor programs.

Those projects used infrared detection systems capable of tracking asteroids, technology that shares similarities with systems used to monitor satellites and hypersonic missiles.

Nuno Loureiro was leading efforts to create fusion energy, a form of clean energy that could upend the multi-trillion-dollar fossil fuel energy industry

While serving as commander of the Air Force Research Laboratory, McCasland oversaw programs related to space surveillance and infrared tracking systems.

Two additional researchers in Massachusetts were also found dead in separate incidents. Nuno Loureiro, a scientist working on nuclear fusion research, was shot in his Brookline home last year.

Jason Thomas, a pharmaceutical researcher studying cancer treatments at Novartis, was later found dead in a Wakefield lake on March 17 after disappearing months earlier.

Authorities have not publicly linked the cases, and officials in several investigations have said there is no confirmed evidence suggesting foul play beyond the circumstances already reported.

Missing UFO General 911 Call Raises Chilling Questions

'NATIONAL SECURITY FEARS': Top scientists killed or missing

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

Two UFOs Over Ninole, Hawaii, April 7, 2026 5:43am UFO UAP Paranormal Breaking Sighting News

I added light to the screenshot to make the UFO more clear.

Date of sighting: April 7, 2026

Location of sighting: Ninole, Hawaii, USA

Source: NUFORC site 

 

This video just came into NUFORC today. The reaction of the eyewitness says it all. Honestly, he is confronted by two unidentified flying objects and what can a person say? Because when it happens, you are 100% in disbelief and yet, it's right in front of you. I guess I don't have to say it's aliens, but...it's aliens. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily

 

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Light Ship over Utah, made of light entities sharing info, Utah, USA April 10, 2026, UFO UAP Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 10, 2026

Location of sighting: Dutch John, Utah, USA

Source: Email report

 

This light ship was caught over a small city in Utah yesterday. With a population of just 141 people, it's actually very surprising to me that someone caught it. But she is a sky watcher and reports any unusual activity she catches. This however is a very rare energy ship, a different species of energy entities that unite into a single stronger craft in order to share what they learned with each other before they it breaks apart and each separate entity will break off into flocks or groups. Its said decades ago, light energy entities don't like humans and prefer to keep a distance, however I and my family once encountered a flock of about 75-100 flying over us low, about 10 stories up, our building we were walking to was 8 floors tall. We were on the ground walking at midnight when they passed over us (about 7 years ago Taipei, Taiwan) then some noticed us watching them (since most people were sleeping at that hour. And about 7 of them returned, and began circling far above us, curious about us. They looked like tear drops of light, tried to photo and video them but my phone back then was not great in the dark. After 15 minutes, they united into a moon shape object and faded away. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily 

 

Eyewitness states: 

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

NBC News; NASA

The best photos from NASA's first moon mission in more than 50 years

The Artemis II astronauts concluded their record-breaking 10-day journey on Friday with a smooth splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.

NASA’s Artemis II Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft inside the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. John Kraus / NASA

From left to right: Mission specialist Jeremy Hansen of CSA, pilot Victor Glover, commander Reid Wiseman and mission specialist Christina Koch walk out ahead of the launch on April 1. Chip Somodevilla / Getty Images

The Artemis II mission lifts off at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla.

Jim Watson / AFP via Getty Images

Jim Watson / AFP via Getty Images

Although Wiseman, Koch, Glover and Hansen did not land on the lunar surface, their mission was designed to test the rocket and capsule ahead of a planned moon landing in 2028. After that, NASA hopes to build a base on the moon and establish a long-term presence there.

On the second day of the flight, the Orion capsule performed a key engine burn to put it on a path toward the moon. The maneuver, known as a translunar injection burn, boosted the spacecraft’s velocity enough to send it out of Earth orbit.

The astronauts then spent three days journeying to the moon. Early on Monday, their Orion capsule entered a region of space known as the lunar sphere of influence, where the moon’s gravitational pull is stronger than Earth’s.

Before going to sleep on Day 5 of the mission, the Artemis II crew snapped a photo of the moon as it drew close in the window of the Orion spacecraft. NASA

The most anticipated moment of the mission came on Monday, when the crew spent seven hours taking close-up photos of the lunar surface and observing specific sites on the moon, including impact craters, ridges and vast volcanic plains.

During their flyby around the moon’s far side, the astronauts reached a distance of 252,756 miles from Earth, which was more than 4,100 miles farther than the Apollo 13 record.

Astronaut Christina Koch is illuminated by a screen inside the darkened Orion spacecraft on the third day of the agency's Artemis II mission. NASA

One of the first photos from the flyby released publicly showed the Artemis II crew’s view of “Earthset,” as Earth disappeared out of view behind the moon.

The photo was a nod to the iconic “Earthrise” image taken during the Apollo 8 mission in 1968, when astronauts Bill Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell circumnavigated the moon. That archival image, however, captured Earth re-emerging beyond the edge of the moon, rather than dipping below it.

NASA

Other photos showed surprisingly rugged topography along the moon’s terminator, the dividing line between its illuminated side and the side cloaked in darkness.

“There’s just so much magic in the terminator — the islands of light, the valleys that look like black holes,” Glover radioed to Mission Control at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. “You’d fall straight to the center of the moon if you stepped in some of those. It’s just so visually captivating.”

The astronauts focused some of their observations on Orientale basin, a nearly 600-mile-wide crater that straddles the moon’s near and far sides. The 3.8 billion-year-old basin was formed when a large object smacked into the moon’s surface.

The crew’s high-resolution photos of features in and around the moon’s impact craters could help scientists understand how the moon formed and how its topography changed over time.

The sunlit Orion spacecraft near the moon. The Orientale basin, a 600-mile-wide, mountain-ringed crater, sits on the moon's lower half. NASA

The astronauts even captured dramatic images of the moon’s crater-filled south polar region, where NASA is interested in landing astronauts on future Artemis missions.

The moon’s south pole is pockmarked with craters that are thought to be filled with water ice. But the area is significantly more challenging to navigate than those near the moon’s equator, where the Apollo astronauts touched down. NASA has said observations during the Artemis II mission could be used to pinpoint possible landing sites for missions to come.

Toward the end of their lunar flyby, the astronauts became the first to witness a solar eclipse from space. They made detailed observations over the course of about an hour, as the sun slipped behind the moon and re-emerged again on the other side.

During the early stages of the eclipse, the astronauts had to don special glasses (much like the ones worn by people on Earth to view solar eclipses) to protect their eyes until the sun’s light was fully blocked by the moon.

The Artemis II crew uses eclipse viewers to protect their eyes at key moments of the solar eclipse during their lunar flyby. NASA

The eclipse photos show a darkened moon with the sun’s outermost atmosphere, the corona, glowing around the edges. In one of the images, bright points of light are visible around the edges of the moon. Those spots turned out to be planets, including Saturn, Mars and Venus.

Wiseman called the eclipse “an absolutely spectacular, magnificent experience.”

During the eclipse, as the moon was cloaked in darkness, the crew members spotted flashes of light from meteoroids smacking into the lunar surface.

The moon, backlit by the sun, and the Orion spacecraft, left, on Monday. NASA

While this phenomenon is rarely seen, such impacts are common on the moon because it lacks an atmosphere to protect it from incoming debris. Studying these cosmic crashes can help scientists understand the moon’s evolutionary history.

Kelsey Young, the Artemis II lunar science lead, said members of the mission’s science team were “jumping up and down literally” after the crew reported seeing six impact flashes.

After the flyby, the astronauts began their three-day journey home to Earth. By Tuesday afternoon, the Orion capsule exited the lunar sphere of influence.

During its high-stakes re-entry through Earth’s atmosphere, the Orion capsule faced extreme temperatures nearing 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

NASA's Orion spacecraft lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California on Friday. Bill Ingalls / NASA via Getty Images

After a fiery plunge through the atmosphere, the capsule deployed its parachutes, then splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego.

BREAKING: Astronauts Christina Koch, Victor Glover Jr., Jeremy Hansen and Reid Wiseman are beginning to exit the Orion capsule after a successful Artemis II splashdown. Follow live updates at the link in bio.

 { https://www.nbcnews.com/ }

Country music star Kacey Musgraves has made a shocking admission online, revealing she had 'the craziest UFO experience.'

Musgraves, 37, explained in an Instagram Story on Friday that she and her manager were flying from Fort Worth, Texas, to Nashville, Tennessee, when she spotted lights in the sky that 'didn't look normal.'

The Grammy-winning singer and songwriter of 'Space Cowboy' said she watched the 'orbs' for about 45 minutes, and they 'followed' her flight from Little Rock, Arkansas to her destination.

'These orbs were not moving like any craft that we can control. They were intermittently coming and going, forming triangle patterns,' she recalled. 

'Sometimes they would get extremely bright and change color, change size.' 

After the plane touched down, Musgraves spoke to the pilots, who reportedly told her: 'We've seen these every single night.'

'All the other pilots are seeing them, too, and nobody knows what they are,' Musgraves added, recounting what the pilots told her. 

She also shared a video of the mysterious lights in the distance, which appear to trail her for some time as they loop around in the darkness of the night sky. 

Country music star Kacey Musgraves has made a shocking admission online, revealing she had 'the craziest UFO experience'

Musgraves is an acclaimed American singer-songwriter known for blending country with pop and folk.

She is recognized for her witty, progressive songwriting and multiple Grammy wins, including Album of the Year for Golden Hour from 2018. 

Rising from Nashville Star in 2007, she achieved fame with hits like 'Merry Go 'Round' and 'Follow Your Arrow.'

In the video, Musgraves revealed that she has seen 'many crazy things,' from 'fire burning in the sky to things she cannot explain.

She said that the lights were about 50,000 feet in the air, admitting the video quality was poor.

'It looks like I filmed them on a f***ing toaster, but that's the quality we're working with,' she said of the videos taken on her iPhone 17.

'It was hard to focus because they were far off and it was nighttime.' 

She then painted a picture of what she saw, noting that the orbs were not moving like any craft that humans can control.

'They were intermittently coming and going, forming triangle patterns,' Musgraves continued. 

'Sometimes they would get extremely bright and change color, change size.' 

She also shared a video of the mysterious lights in the distance, which appear to trail her for some time as they loop around in the darkness of the night sky

The country singer is just one of many famous individuals who believe they have experienced an encounter of the third kind.

Singer Miley Cyrus claimed that she was not only chased by 'some sort of UFO' in San Bernardino, California, but she 'made eye contact' with the alien pilot.

She said in a 2020 interview with Interview magazine that she 'couldn't really look at the sky after' her encounter.

She said that the alien craft resembled a glowing, flying snowplow.

She said: 'I did see it flying, and my friend saw it, too. There were a couple of other cars on the road, and they also stopped to look, so I think what I saw was real.

Singer Miley Cyrus claimed that she was not only chased by 'some sort of UFO' in San Bernardino, California, but she 'made eye contact' with the alien pilot 

Demi Lovato is also convinced that aliens are real, and we should stop using the word 'alien' in case it offends

'I didn't feel threatened at all, actually, but I did see a being sitting in front of the flying object.

She admitted, however, that there was a possibility the encounter could have been due to 'the weed wax' she had recently used.

Demi Lovato is also convinced that aliens are real, and we should stop using the word 'alien' in case it offends.

She said, 'I think that we have to stop calling them aliens because aliens is a derogatory term for anything.'

In a 2020 Instagram post, she revealed that she had contacted aliens through meditation.

She wrote, 'Over the past couple of months, I have dug deep into the science of consciousness and experienced not only peace and serenity as I've never known, but I also have witnessed the most incredibly profound sightings both in the sky as well as feet away from me.

'This planet is on a very negative path toward destruction, but WE can change that together. 

'If we were to get one percent of the population to meditate and make contact, we would force our governments to acknowledge the truth about extraterrestrial life among us and change our destructive habits, destroying our planet.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

A heated debate over the exact location of Jesus' crucifixion has reignited, with Christians, scholars, and faith leaders divided over the true site of Golgotha.

Golgotha, meaning 'Place of the Skull' in Aramaic, is described in the Bible as the location of Jesus' crucifixion outside Jerusalem.

Some believe the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built directly above the site, a theory dating back to the 4th century when Roman Emperor Constantine the Great ordered a search for the location of Jesus' death and burial. 

Early Christians pointed to a site they had long revered, prompting Constantine to build a church there to mark the spot.

Others argue the execution took place on a hill beyond the ancient city walls, pointing to terrain they believe better matches biblical descriptions.

Pastor Josh Howerton, who leads Lakepointe Church in Texas, recently promoted the hill theory during an episode of his podcast Live Free, saying: 'The gospels tell us Jesus was taken outside the city walls to be crucified. This fits. It's within walking distance.' 

He also pointed to older photographs that he said showed the hill resembling a skull formation, with features that appeared to form eye sockets and a nose.

He presented an image from the early 1990s that some viewers interpreted as skull-like, though he suggested erosion or possible seismic activity may have altered its appearance over time.

The claims quickly drew mixed reactions online, with many people defending the traditional belief that Golgotha is beneath the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

Images of the hill outside of Jerusalem appeared to show features resembling a skull, including eye sockets and a nose

The hill near the Garden Tomb, however, looks different today due to decades of erosion, quarrying and urban development that have gradually altered the rock face

'Golgotha is at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Historical and archaeological evidence confirms it,' one commenter wrote in response to Howerton's video.

Another wrote: 'You forgot that the city walls moved out from where they were at the time of Christ’s crucifixion. The most likely location for Golgotha is the Church of the Holy Sepulcher.'

The Bible cites 'Golgotha' in several chapters, including in the books of Matthew and Mark, both of which state that Jesus was brought there to die, and the name means 'the place of the skull.' 

Howerton also included the biblical accounts of Jesus being taken outside the city.

Hebrews 13:12 reads: 'And so Jesus also suffered outside the city gate to make the people holy through his own blood.'

While John 19:17 reads: 'Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the Skull (which in Aramaic is called Golgotha).' 

Supporters of the hill theory often cite the nearby Garden Tomb as well, a rock-cut burial site discovered in the 19th century just outside Jerusalem's Damascus Gate, which they say strengthens the case for the alternative location. 

The hill near the Garden Tomb, however,  looks different today due to decades of erosion, quarrying and urban development that have gradually altered the rock face. 

Supporters of the hill theory often cite the nearby Garden Tomb as well, a rock-cut burial site discovered in the 19th century just outside Jerusalem's Damascus Gate, which they say strengthens the case for the alternative location

Some believe the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built directly above the site, a theory dating back to the 4th century, when Roman Emperor Constantine the Great ordered a search for the location of Jesus' death and burial 

Historic photographs from the late 19th and early 20th centuries show more defined features that some believed resembled a skull, but modern construction, roadwork and natural weathering have softened those formations over time. 

However, most archaeologists and historians consider the Garden Tomb to be an Iron Age tomb, between the seventh and eighth centuries BC, which is too old to be the actual burial place of Jesus.

Support for the hill theory dates back to the mid-1800s, when German theologian Otto Thenius first proposed that a skull-shaped ridge north of Jerusalem could be the biblical Golgotha.

The idea gained wider attention in the late nineteenth century when British officer Major General Charles Gordon visited the site and argued that the rocky hill resembled a human skull, leading many to refer to it as Gordon's Calvary.

Other early researchers, including British surveyor Claude R Conder and biblical scholar Henry Baker Tristram, supported the location because it lay outside the ancient city walls, matching Gospel descriptions that Jesus was crucified beyond Jerusalem's boundaries.

Many historians and archaeologists continue to support the traditional belief that Jesus was crucified at the site now marked by the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem's Old City.

Pastor Josh Howerton (right), who leads Lakepointe Church in Texas , recently promoted the hill theory during an episode of his podcast Live Free , saying: The gospels tell us Jesus was taken outside the city walls to be crucified. This fits'

The claims quickly drew mixed reactions online, with many people defending the traditional belief that Golgotha is beneath the Church of the Holy Sepulchre

That theory dates back to the 4th century, when Roman Emperor Constantine the Great ordered a search for the location of Jesus' crucifixion and burial after converting to Christianity.

Early Christians in Jerusalem identified the site as Golgotha, prompting Constantine to construct a church there, establishing what became one of the oldest continuously recognized holy sites in Christianity.

Modern archaeological research has reinforced the traditional view, with scholars such as Israeli archaeologist Dan Bahat noting that the area surrounding the church was once a quarry located outside Jerusalem's city walls during the time of Jesus, consistent with biblical descriptions.

Historian Joan E Taylor, who reexamined historical and archaeological evidence in a widely cited 1998 study, concluded that the general area of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre remains the most plausible location for the crucifixion, despite ongoing debate.

A more recent discovery in 2025 uncovered remnants of an ancient garden beneath the foundation of the church, which aligns with the Gospel of John.

John 19:41 reads: 'Now in the place where he was crucified, there was a garden; and in the garden a new sepulcher, wherein was never man yet laid. There laid they Jesus.'

A team from Sapienza University of Rome analyzed plant remains from the site and dated them to the pre-Christian era, placing them around the time of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial. Historians generally date his death to around 33 AD.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

The Orion spacecraft (foreground) approaches the moon for historic close-up observations. Mission geologists are already excited about the data being returned.  (Image credit: NASA)

The four Artemis II astronauts will return to Earth on Friday (April 10) — delivering not only themselves but also a precious trove of images from their lunar journey. And the geologists supporting the mission can hardly wait to dive in.

"The images are spectacular, absolutely," Gordon Osinski, a crater specialist and planetary geologist at Canada's Western University who has been deeply involved in the Artemis II crew’s geology training, told Live Science after seeing the first photos of the crew’s seven-hour lunar flyby.

Osinski said that the small batch of images transmitted to Earth so far hint at big discoveries about the moon's geology — and could help shape the hunt for lunar samples in NASA's upcoming crewed moon landings, starting with Artemis IV as soon as 2028.

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A green, brown and flashy moon

Two geological findings stand out so far. One of these is impact flashes — brief but bright flashes of light from when space rocks slam into the moon, leaving craters behind.

Artemis II astronauts Reid Wiseman and Jeremy Hanson reported seeing at least five of these flashes during their lunar flyby. Geologists hope to review the crew's images, once they return to Earth, to potentially identify the craters associated with the impacts.

"The conditions that [the crew] had to view those was perfect," Osinski said, referring to the crew's passage over the lunar terminator — the stark dividing line between the moon's bright day-side and dark night-side, where contrast is heightened and flashes are easier to spot.

Secondly, mission scientists are eager to investigate the crew’s descriptions of lunar colors. Geologists have only heard a few quick impressions from the crew so far, mainly over voice communications open to the public. But the Artemis II crew was recording more lunar flyby observations by voice and in notes in an archive that will take weeks to review.

The astronauts reported some intriguing things, such as patches of green and brown on the lunar surface.

"We do know there is color on the lunar surface," Osinski said. The human eye, he added, is more sensitive to color than the cameras on board Artemis II, so "that's definitely going to be something interesting to follow up."

The human touch in space

For years, Osinski has been giving geologic training to Artemis II crew members. Hansen is a repeat contributor to Osinski's remote Canadian crater expeditions, often done alongside Indigenous groups. During Artemis II preparation, mission specialist Christina Koch and Canadian Space Agency backup astronaut Jenni Gibbons joined Hansen and Osinski on a 2023 expedition to a moon-like crater in northern Labrador, Canada.

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Because the Artemis II astronauts could not sample the lunar surface directly, they were trained on how to make descriptions. They also used "situational awareness" for some situations, such as distinguishing between volcanic and impact processes, although the bulk of the interpretation will require months of work on Earth by geologists after the mission is complete.

But there is more that the Artemis II astronauts can provide. The astronauts form part of a group of less than 30 people who have seen the moon close up in-person, enabling them to bring human eyes and experiences to observations.

What's more, Artemis II is the first lunar astronaut mission in nearly two generations, enabling the astronauts (and their supporting scientists) to bring decades of insights into crater impacts, water ice and other features of the moon that Apollo officials did not have access to. The images Artemis II sent to Earth so far are just a subset of what's on board. Osinski said that in particular, he is interested in seeing the high-resolution 400-milimeter (16 inches) lens images by the crew to compare with images taken by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Bringing the moon back home

After Artemis II returns, Osinski and other geologists will take what was learned from the astronaut observations to work on future lunar surface missions. Planning has been ongoing for the surface work for two years, with the team now working on items such as narrowing down which sites might be useful to land at, and announcing which participating scientists will join.

Jacob Bleacher, NASA's chief exploration scientist, told Live Science the geology teams are working on landing products for the first astronauts on the surface, and are expecting to get more data from commercial landing missions supporting NASA. Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost mission was the first to make it there, achieving 60 days of operations in 2025. "We procured a good bit of data from them," Bleacher said, and the hope is that more companies will touch down before Artemis IV brings astronauts to the lunar surface in 2028.

For now, geologists are already hard at work making a plan for the moon-sample return.

Osinski is co-investigator of the geology team that will support the Artemis IV astronauts. Osinski said his team will likely be working with a lower-resolution live video feed that will enable, at least to an extent, the geologists on Earth to help the astronauts on site with observations.

That said, Artemis surface astronauts may also have to make quick decisions about sampling, which will be another training regime, Osinski said, requiring them to work independently.

"They might have to be making a split-second decision on the surface, if they're running out of time at a station: you know, 'Do I choose this one or this one?' And there might not be time for the back and forth with the science team on Mission Control," Osinski said.

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{ https://www.livescience.com/space }

Part of what made Mohenjo-Daro so fascinating was its age: the city, eventually revealed to have been among the most expansive settlements ever seen during the time of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, was also one of the oldest major cities in the region, with an estimated age of around 4,500 years.

However, recent geoarchaeological studies reported by the Sindh Directorate General of Antiquities & Archaeology (DGAA) now suggest that those original estimates may have been off by several centuries, meaning that the enigmatic Mohenjo-Daro is likely far older than previously believed.

An Archaeological Enigma

Mohenjo-Daro has captivated archaeologists since its discovery due in part to the remarkable level of sophistication exhibited by its ancient builders.

From its structural elements, which, in many ways, resemble urban planning for modern cities, to its remarkably advanced water infrastructure, which includes sewers, baths, and wells, many elements of Mohenjo-Daro set it apart from other cities of its era.

The “Great Bath” at Mohenjo-Daro, as it appeared in 2014

(Image Credit: Saqib Qayyum/CC 3.0/Wikimedia).

Going beyond just appearances, the remarkable architecture present at the ancient site, whose name translates to mean “Mound of the Dead Men,” points to an equally sophisticated social structure, which is suggestive of both cultured urban life and a central government that would be required for the management and oversight of its once-40,000-strong population.

And yet, as mysterious as the question of its origins is that of Mohenjo-Daro’s demise; the site appears to have been abandoned by around 1,700 BCE, along with most other major urban hubs that once represented the flourishing Indus Valley Civilization.

Older Than Once Thought?

Now, in new geoarchaeological work undertaken by the Sindh Directorate General of Antiquities and Archaeology (DGAA), it appears that Mohenjo-Daro could be even older than previous estimates, which placed its rise to around 2,500 BCE.

According to new timelines for the construction of an ancient mudbrick wall encircling the site’s western Stupa Mound, one of the site’s most prominent features, recent radiocarbon dating suggests that this portion of the city dates to sometime between 2,600 and as early as 2,700 BCE, which points to activity at the site at least a century earlier than once thought.

According to a statement released by the DGAA regarding their geoarchaeological re-dating of the site, these mudbrick walls “were expanded and maintained until around 2200 BCE and possibly even longer.”

“Future investigations will trace the plan of the city wall around the Stupa Mound to try and locate gateways and to determine how this wall functioned and when it began to erode,” the DGAA said.

Lingering Questions

While the new radiocarbon dates push back the timelines for Mohenjo-Daro’s earliest construction phases, several questions about the ancient site remain.

Among the site’s many mysteries, the presence of localized areas in which bricks appear to have been fused, as well as human remains suggestive of a “massacre” that may have occurred at some point, has helped give rise to beliefs involving an ancient invasion or other cataclysmic event that occurred at Mohenjo-Daro that might have contributed to its demise.

However, scholars have disputed such claims for more than half a century. As the renowned archaeologist and Indus Valley scholar George F. Dales wrote in 1964, “The details of the story of the decline and fall of the Indus civilization are, as yet, far from clear, but a pattern of contributing factors is taking shape. This pattern does not include invasion and massacre as basic factors. On the contrary, it appears that a series of natural disasters occurred–possibly as swiftly, certainly more devastating than any hypothetical invasion.”

In fact, to this day, the enigmatic Mohenjo-Daro remains threatened by the forces of nature. As the BBC reported in 2012, salty groundwater is now gradually eroding the mudbricks of the site’s ancient walls, which for thousands of years remained protected before their excavation began in the early 20th century.

“It is definitely a complicated site to protect, given the problems of salinity, humidity and rainfall,” remarked the Pakistani archaeologist Dr. Asma Ibrahim at the time, adding that “most of the attempts at conservation by the authorities have been so bad and so amateur they have only accelerated the damage.”

Given such circumstances, if efforts to preserve this ancient enigma aren’t improved, the famous city of Mohenjo-Daro—unearthed after many thousands of years—could potentially become a “lost” archaeological wonder all over again.

• Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. A longtime reporter on science, defense, and technology with a focus on space and astronomy, he can be reached at micah@thedebrief.org. Follow him on X @MicahHanks, and at micahhanks.com.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/science/ }

Artemis II duikt straks langs de verre maanzijde

 Yorick La Rivière - Redacteur astronomie/ruimtevaart & Moderator Disqus

Artemis II nadert zijn cruciale scheervlucht langs de Maan. De bemenste Orion-capsule verbreekt hierbij records, verliest tijdelijk contact met Aarde en maakt een zonsverduistering mee vanaf de verre maanzijde.

Het is inmiddels enkele dagen geleden dat de SLS-raket met donderend geweld opsteeg vanaf lanceercomplex 39B in Florida. De bemenste Artemis II-missie van NASA bevindt zich momenteel in de slotfase van haar reis naar de Maan, met de aanstaande scheervlucht die nog geen etmaal van ons verwijderd is. Terwijl de vierkoppige crew aan boord van de Orion-capsule ‘Integrity’ zich opmaakt voor dit hoogtepunt van deze missie, blikken we terug op de afgelopen dagen én vooruit op wat komen gaat…

(Boven:) Een hoog-resolutie selfie van de Orion-capsule, gemaakt met een camera op één van de zonnepanelen tijdens een routine-inspectie op dag 2 van de Artemis II-missie. (Onder:) De Aarde gefotografeerd door commandant Reid Wiseman vanuit het raam van Orion, kort na de translunar injection-stuwing, in de vroege nacht van 3 april 2026. Foto: NASA/Reid Wiseman

Een reis vol technische hoogstandjes

Na de geslaagde lancering in de nacht van 1 op 2 april voerde de bemanning een reeks cruciale manoeuvres uit. Zo werd de ‘translunar injection’-stuwing van bijna zes minuten succesvol afgerond, waarmee Orion een ellipsvormige baan om Aarde op weg naar de Maan werd gezet.

(Boven:) Een zich verwijderende Aarde en de onderste zijde (de European Service Module) met hoofdmotor in beeld, bezien door een camera gehecht aan de zonnepanelen. (Onder:) Victor Glover, Jeremy Hansen en Reid Wiseman samen aan het werk in de Orion capsule, hier halverwege en tijdens dag drie van de missie op weg naar de Maan. Foto’s: NASA

Eerder demonstreerden de astronauten al de indrukwekkende wendbaarheid van hun capsule tijdens een ‘proximity operations’-test, waarbij ze op slechts enkele tientallen meters van de bovenste rakettrap manoeuvreerden om een koppeling te simuleren en de wendbaarheid van Orion te testen. Een tijdelijk probleem met een knipperend lampje van het toilet bleek gelukkig snel verholpen, en meerdere geplande ‘outbound trajectory correction’-stuwingen, simpel: kleine en geplande koerscorrecties, werden afgelast omdat Orion al op een haast perfecte koers lag – een teken van uitzonderlijke precisie.

NASA-astronaut Christina Koch (links) neemt de controle over van de Orion-capsule tijdens een handmatige stuurtest op dag 4 van de Artemis II-missie. Naast haar zijn CSA-astronaut Jeremy Hansen (midden) en NASA-astronaut Victor Glover (rechts) te zien. Foto: NASA

Voorbereiding op de scheervlucht

De laatste dagen stonden in het teken van de voorbereiding op de scheervlucht van komende nacht: 6 op 7 april. Gisteren testte de bemanning uitgebreid hun oranje ‘Orion Crew Survival System’-ruimtepakken, waarbij ze onder meer de pakken onder druk zetten, lektests uitvoerden en de bewegingsvrijheid beoordeelden.

Victor Glover (meest links), Jeremy Hansen, Christina Koch en Reid Wiseman (meest rechts) tijdens de ceremonie waarin Hansen zijn gouden vleugels ‘Gold Wings’ ontvangt voor zijn eerste ruimtevlucht, tijdens de vijfde vluchtdag. Foto: NASA

Ook ontvingen ze hun definitieve lijst met 30 observatie doelwitten van het maanoppervlak, waaronder het 950 kilometer brede ‘Oriëntale-bekken’. Deze inslagkrater, die grotendeels op de verre zijde van de Maan ligt, zal door de bemanning uitgebreid worden gefotografeerd en geanalyseerd:

Een screenshot van de software die de Artemis II-bemanning op hun boordcomputers ziet. De software begeleidt hen bij het uitvoeren van het wetenschappelijke observatieplan rond de Maan. Op deze afbeelding is het Oriëntale-bekken te zien, doelwit nummer 12, rechts omcirkeld. Afbeelding: NASA

Dichtbij en ver weg: de tijdlijn

Vanaf vanavond begint het spektakel echt. Sinds vannochtend 6:41 uur (6 april, Nederlandse tijd) bevindt Orion zich in de zwaartekrachtinvloedssfeer van de Maan en zal er tot morgenavond 19:25 uur in een hyperbola vluchtbaan vertoeven, vanaf en tot aan een overgangsafstand maan-tot-capsule van 66.100 kilometer. Het absolute hoogtepunt volgt vannacht. Om 01:02 uur (7 april, Nederlandse tijd) zal Orion het dichtst bij de Maan zijn, op een afstand van slechts 6.550 kilometer boven het oppervlak. Kort daarna, om 01:07 uur, bereikt de capsule haar maximale afstand tot de Aarde: maar liefst 406.700 kilometer. Daarmee verbreken de astronauten het record van Apollo 13 uit 1970 voor de verste afstand die de mens ooit van de Aarde heeft gereisd.

• Deze animatie toont het vluchttraject van Artemis II. De Orion-capsule maakt een achtbaan rond de Aarde en de Maan, alvorens terug te keren naar de Aarde:

Radiostilte en een eclips

Een bijzonder spannend moment volgt al iets eerder, rond 00:44 uur (7 april), wanneer Orion achter de Maan verdwijnt. Gedurende ongeveer 40 minuten is er dan radiostilte; onze natuurlijke satelliet blokkeert alle signalen. Precies op dat moment zullen de astronauten getuige zijn van een ‘Earthset’ – een Aarde ondergang – en even later, om 01:25 uur, weer een ‘Earthrise’ zien wanneer de Aarde achter de Maan terug opkomt. Direct daarna wordt het radiocontact hersteld. De klap op de vuurpijl is een zonsverduistering, zichtbaar vanuit de capsule tussen 02:35 en 03:32 uur. De zon schuift dan ruim een uur lang achter de Maan, wat de bemanning een unieke kans geeft om de corona van onze Zon te bestuderen.

• Een visualisatie van wat de Artemis II-bemanning uit het raam zal zien tijdens de scheervlucht. Te zien zijn onder meer de ‘Earthrise’ en ‘Earthset’, een scherpe blik op de verre zijde van de Maan en een zonsverduistering aan het einde van deze scheervlucht:

Terugkeer naar de Aarde

Na het verlaten van de invloedssfeer van de Maan op dinsdagavond 19:25 uur en terug in die van Aarde, zal Orion op eigen kracht verder reizen. De capsule zal dan langzaam maar zeker door de zwaartekracht van de Aarde worden teruggetrokken en langzaam aan versneld terugvallen. De bemanning richt zich dan op de laatste loodjes: een vurige terugkeer in de atmosfeer van de Aarde, gevolgd door een splashdown in de Stille Oceaan. Tot die tijd genieten Wiseman, Glover, Koch en Hansen van een uitzicht dat maar weinigen hen voor hebben gegaan: een volledige Maan, gezien vanaf de verre kant.

De Aarde omringd door de duisternis van de ruimte, wordt steeds kleiner naarmate de bemanning dichter bij de Maan komt. Deze foto is genomen door Koch, één van de Artemis II-astronauten op de vijfde dag van de missie. Foto: NASA

Artemis II nadert hiermee dus haar meest kritieke en interessante fase van deze test- en observatievlucht in de komende uren. Van een afstandsrecord in de diepere ruimte tot een angstvallige radiostilte en een eclips: de komende uren bepalen niet alleen de wetenschappelijke oogst, maar ook het succes van de eerste bemenste maanmissie in meer dan vijftig jaar. Terwijl de capsule onverbiddelijk dichterbij komt, kijken miljoenen mee – klaar om het volgende hoofdstuk in de ruimtevaartgeschiedenis te ontvouwen.

De Maan, vlak voor het slapengaan op dag 5, gezien vanuit het andere raam van Orion, kort nadat de capsule in de invloedssfeer van de Maan was gekomen. Missiespecialist Christina Koch: ‘We vallen nu naar de Maan in plaats van dat we van de Aarde wegsnellen. Wat een geweldige mijlpaal!’ Foto: NASA.Koch

Wil je het aanstaande missiedeel van Artemis II’ maanvlucht meekijken komende uren, volg dan onderstaande livestream van NASA:

Wil je meer achtergronden over dit nieuws volgen? Bekijk dan ook onze recente artikelen:

• Artemis II duikt straks langs de verre maanzijde
• Lancering geslaagd: Artemis II begint reis om de Maan
• Eindelijk: Artemis II lanceert vannacht (hopelijk)!
• Artemis II-raket staat op lanceerplatform: lancering in april?
• Omwenteling bij NASA: maanlanding op de schop
• Artemis II raket terug naar VAB om reparatie
• Nieuwe vlucht in maanrace: China test capsule en raket
• Lancering ISS Crew-12 aanstaande, valt samen met aanscherpende ruimtewedloop
• Race naar de maan vertraagd, tentoonstelling gestart
• Race tegen de klok: dit moet er gebeuren voor Artemis III
• Het lichaam als lab in de diepe ruimte met Artemis II
• De Maan lonkt: bemenste Artemis II-raket is lanceerklaar

…of volg onze themapagina’s Artemis, Astronauten, De Nieuwe Ruimtewedloop, of Ruimtevaart om helemaal bij te zijn in deze interessante tijden!

Uitgelezen? Luister ook eens naar de Scientias Podcast: 

Bronmateriaal

• "Artemis" - NASA/Blogs
  
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: NASA

{ https://scientias.nl/nieuws/astronomie-ruimtevaart/ }

Explorers stumble across a secret ISLAND in Antarctica's 'danger zone' – after initially mistaking it for a dirty iceberg

• READ MORE: Antarctica has lost 8 TIMES the size of Greater London in ice 

By SHIVALI BEST, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR 

Scientists exploring the Weddell Sea in the Antarctic were in for a surprise after stumbling across a secret island in an area marked a 'danger zone'. 

A 93–strong team on board the Alfred Wegener Institute's (AWI) icebreaker, Polarstern, made the discovery after rough weather conditions forced them to seek shelter next to Joinville Island. 

There, they spotted a strange brown landmass, which turned out to be a previously undiscovered island. 

'On our route, the nautical chart showed an area with unexplored dangers to navigation, but it wasn't clear what it was or where the information came from,' explained Simon Dreutter, a specialist in underwater mapping at AWI. 

'I scoured all the coastlines we had here in the bathymetry lab and went back to the bridge. 

'Looking out of the window, we saw an "iceberg" that looked kind of dirty. 

'On closer inspection, we realised that it was probably rock. 

'We then changed course and headed in that direction and it became increasingly clear that we had an island in front of us!' 

Scientists exploring the Weddell Sea in the Antarctic were in for a surprise after stumbling across a secret island in an area marked a 'danger zone'

After spotting the landmass, the team carefully steered Polarstern towards it, eventually coming within 150 metres

After spotting the landmass, the team carefully steered Polarstern towards it, eventually coming within 150 metres. 

Using a drone, they were able to explore the island from above, confirming its surprisingly large size. 

The island measures 130 metres long, 50 metres wide, and protrudes about 16 metres out of the water. 

This makes it around the same length as the Great Pyramid of Giza. 

The experts are unclear why the island is marked as a danger zone on the nautical chart, but not as a coastline in other data sets. 

'On the satellite images analysed, the island could hardly be distinguished from the numerous icebergs drifting around in the immediate vicinity due to its ice cover,' they added. 

However, before the island can be added to maps, it must be named. 

While the team are undecided on what to name the island, many eager fans have already thrown a number of suggestions in the ring on X (formerly Twitter). 

Using a drone, they were able to explore the island from above, confirming its size. The island measures 130 metres long, 50 metres wide, and protrudes about 16 metres out of the water. This makes it around the same length as the Great Pyramid of Giza

The experts are unclear why the island is marked as a danger zone on the nautical chart, but not as a coastline in other data sets

A 93–strong team on board the Alfred Wegener Institute's (AWI) icebreaker, Polarstern, made the discovery after rough weather conditions forced them to seek shelter next to Joinville Island

One user on X suggested: 'They should call it Eisberg.'

'It should be called Lummerland,' another added, in reference to the fictional, two–mountain island from Michael Ende's children's book Jim Button and Luke the Engine Driver. 

And one joked: 'Bird Rendezvous Island'.

The news comes shortly after a secret islet appeared off the coast of Venice.

Previously, the islet, called Bacan, would only form in the summer months before being swept away by winter's storm surges.

But thanks to a new flood barrier this cherished refuge for tourist–shy residents has become a permanent fixture of the lagoon with its own flourishing ecosystem.

Read More

• A new ISLAND is born: Secret islet appears off the coast of Venice 

Measuring 250 metres long and 10 metres wide, the sandbank is covered with a layer of thick vegetation.

Bacan is now home to a range of marsh plants like samphire, rushes, native flowers, and small, salt–resistant cedars called tamarisk.

With new roots holding the soil in place, the island has not vanished since 2020 when the flood barrier's operators were away on holiday during a winter surge.

However, even as residents celebrate the birth of a new beach, some experts warn that this could be a troubling sign for Venice's fragile ecosystem.

SEA LEVELS COULD RISE BY UP TO 4 FEET BY THE YEAR 2300

Global sea levels could rise as much as 1.2 metres (4 feet) by 2300 even if we meet the 2015 Paris climate goals, scientists have warned.

The long-term change will be driven by a thaw of ice from Greenland to Antarctica that is set to re-draw global coastlines.

Sea level rise threatens cities from Shanghai to London, to low-lying swathes of Florida or Bangladesh, and to entire nations such as the Maldives.

It is vital that we curb emissions as soon as possible to avoid an even greater rise, a German-led team of researchers said in a new report.

By 2300, the report projected that sea levels would gain by 0.7-1.2 metres, even if almost 200 nations fully meet goals under the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Targets set by the accords include cutting greenhouse gas emissions to net zero in the second half of this century.

Ocean levels will rise inexorably because heat-trapping industrial gases already emitted will linger in the atmosphere, melting more ice, it said.

In addition, water naturally expands as it warms above four degrees Celsius (39.2°F).

Every five years of delay beyond 2020 in peaking global emissions would mean an extra 8 inches (20 centimetres) of sea level rise by 2300.

'Sea level is often communicated as a really slow process that you can't do much about ... but the next 30 years really matter,' said lead author Dr Matthias Mengel, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, in Potsdam, Germany.

None of the nearly 200 governments to sign the Paris Accords are on track to meet its pledges.

Uncharted Island Discovered in Antarctica's Hidden 'Danger Zone'!

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

Does the Ark of the Covenant really exist?

©Getty Images

Does the Ark of the Covenant really exist?
The Ark of the Covenant remains one of history's enduring mysteries. It's certainly one of archaeology's most perplexing puzzles. Did this gold-plated wooden box said to house the stone tablets on which the Ten Commandments were written ever exist? If so, what happened to it? And where might this legendary artifact be hidden?

See and read the following gallery and learn more about the lost Ark by following this historic timeline.

©Getty Images

What is the Ark of the Covenant?
The Ark of the Covenant is a gold-covered wooden chest with lid cover. It's described in the Book of Exodus as containing the two stone tablets of the Ten Commandments. It was made by Bezalel, chief artisan of the Tabernacle, assisted by deputy architect Oholiab.

©Getty Images

Moses and the Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, and fundamental to Judaism and Christianity. Also known as the Tablets of Stone, they were stored in the Ark of the Covenant, which Moses took with him when he ascended biblical Mount Sinai, as written in the Book of Exodus.

©Getty Images

Mount Sinai
In the Bible, Mount Sinai is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. Mount Sinai is one of the most sacred locations in the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic religions.

©Getty Images

The Tabernacle
What is the aforementioned Tabernacle? When carried, the Ark was always hidden under a large veil made of skins and blue cloth, always carefully concealed, even from the eyes of priests. When at rest, a tabernacle, a kind of tent, was erected and the holy Ark placed under it. The Tabernacle also served as a portable earthly dwelling place used by the Israelites. Pictured is Moses standing over the Ark under the Tabernacle.

©Public Domain

Who were the Israelites?
Any descendant of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob was known as an Israelite. The Israelites were simply members of the 12 tribes of Israel. The Ark was made one year after the Israelites' exodus from Egypt to seek the Promised Land (pictured). From here on in, the Ark is intrinsically related to the biblical Book of Exodus and the biblical Book of Joshua.

©Getty Images

Crossing the Jordan River
Pictured: the Israelites, led by Joshua, crossing the Jordan River into the Promised Land. The Bible says that the river stopped flowing the minute the Ark-Bearers (pictured) set foot in it. In fact, the Ark has been linked to several of the Old Testament's miracles.

©Public Domain 

©Getty Images

The Ark at Ai
After the Battle of Jericho, the Israelites conquered Ai, a Canaanite city. It's here that the Ark is mentioned again after Joshua laments losing the first battle for Ai–the Israelites only took the city at the second attempt. The ruins of Et-Tell in the West Bank have been identified with the city of Ai.

©Public Domain

Bethal
The Ark then turns up in Bethal, the place where Jacob falls asleep and dreams of a ladder stretching between Heaven and Earth and thronged with angels. In Bethal, the Ark is being cared for by the priest Phineas. Pictured are the ruins of Bethal in the 19th century. The Palestinian village of Beitan has been identified as the biblical Bethal.

©Getty Images

Shiloh
The Ark was later kept at Shiloh, another religious center, this time under the charge of Hophni and Phinehas, two sons of Eli. Pictured are the ruins of biblical Shiloh, circa 1910, located in the West Bank, to the west of the modern Israeli settlement town of Shilo.

©Public Domain

Eben-Ezer
According to the biblical narrative, the Ark was taken onto the battlefield at Eben-Ezer where the Israelites were defeated by the Philistines. The Ark's guardians, Hophni and Phinehas, perished and the precious chest ended up in the possession of the victors. Pictured is a fresco of the Philistine captivity of the Ark, in the Dura-Europos synagogue in Syria. Sadly, the site appears to have been destroyed by Daesh during the present-day Syrian civil war.

©Getty Images

The Ark's terrible power
The loss of the Ark is described by the daughter-in-law of Eli as a "glory [that] has departed Israel." The Philistines, meanwhile, parade the Ark throughout their land. But at each place, misfortune visits them. At Ashdod, for example, it was placed in the temple of the deity Dagon. The next day, a statue of Dagon was found toppled and broken (pictured).

©Getty Images

Plague of Ashdod
But the worst was yet to come. The people of Ashdod were struck down by God and afflicted by plague (pictured) for the sacrilege of allowing the Ark to be placed in the temple. Elsewhere, a scourge of boils was visited upon the people of Gath and of Ekron. The Ark is quickly removed from the temple.

©Getty Images

The Ark is returned
Daunted by the prospect of further calamity and ill luck, the Philistines, on advice of their diviners, decide to return the Ark to the Israelites. Pictured is the Ark's arrival at Beth Shemesh.

©Getty Images

Beth Shemesh
The Ark is set up in one of the fields where, out of curiosity, the town's men open up the golden chest and gaze inside. This unholy act results in God's wrath, with Him punishing most of the hapless onlookers with death. Pictured are the foundations of Beth Shemesh in 1898.

©Public Domain

Kiriath-Jearim
The Bethshemites rid themselves of the Ark by dispatching it to Kiriath-Jearim (pictured in 1948), where a man called Abinadab looks after it for the next 20 years.

©Getty Images

King David
The coveted chest is eventually taken from Kiriath-Jearim by King David and, amid great rejoicing, the Ark is brought to Jerusalem.

©Public Domain

King Solomon
Much later, after David's departure from Jerusalem, King Solomon worshipped before the Ark after his dream in which God promises him wisdom. Thereafter, the king ordered a temple to be built, a building suitable in size and grandeur to accommodate the mysterious and powerful chest. A special inner room, named Kodesh Hakodashim ("Holy of Holies"), was prepared to receive and house the now legendary artifact (pictured).

©Getty Images

Siege of Jerusalem
In 597 and 587 BCE, the Babylonian Empire conquered the Israelites. Jerusalem was sacked and the Ark, supposedly stored in the temple, vanished. Pictured is an artist's impression of Solomon's Temple before it was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar II, King of Babylon, after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE.

©Getty Images

What happened to the Ark?
Was the Ark destroyed, captured, or hidden? Nobody knows. But since that fateful day in Jerusalem in 587 BCE, nothing has been seen of the gold-covered wooden chest. So where could it have ended up?

©Getty Images

Josiah
A late 2nd-century rabbinic work known as the Tosefta suggests that Josiah, the king of Judah, stored away the Ark which contained the tablets, a jar of manna (an edible substance that God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert), a jar containing holy anointing oil, and Aaron's rod. But this claim has never been substantiated. Pictured is a print depicting Josiah with the elders of Judah and Jerusalem.

©Shutterstock

The Chapel of the Tablet
One famous claim suggests that the Ark was removed from Jerusalem and taken to Ethiopia by Menelik I after he visited his father King Solomon. The chest was supposedly placed in the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion, in the town of Axum. It was later moved to an adjoining chapel (pictured). Only a guardian monk may view the chest, and is confined to the Chapel of the Ark of the Covenant for the rest of his life, praying before it and offering incense. No one else can enter the building, and no one else has seen it. Whether or not the Ark truly resides beneath the chapel, the site still draws thousands of pilgrims each year.

©Shutterstock

Dome of the Rock
Another theory as to the Ark's whereabouts is that it was hidden below the First Temple in Jerusalem before the Babylonians destroyed it in 587 BCE. But this is a claim that simply can't be substantiated: the site is home to the Dome of the Rock, sacred in Islam. Excavating beneath it is totally out of the question.

©Shutterstock

Hidden in a cave?
Elsewhere, the Lemba people, a Bantu ethnic group native to Zimbabwe and South Africa, insist that their ancestors carried the Ark south, calling it the ngoma lungundu or "voice of God," and eventually hiding it in a deep cave in the Dumghe mountains, their spiritual home.

©Public Domain

Is the Ark in France?
French journalist Louis Charpentier, author of 'The Mysteries of Chartres Cathedral,' has made an assertion that the Ark was taken to Chartres Cathedral by the Knights Templar. Pictured is a gilded bas-relief of monks carrying the allusive chest at Auch Cathedral in France.

©Shutterstock

Did the Ark end up in Rome?
Still in Europe, the Ark of the Covenant was said to have been kept in the Basilica of St. John Lateran, surviving the pillages of Rome by the Visigoths and Vandals in the 5th century BCE, but lost forever when the original basilica was ravaged by fire, first in 1307 and again in 1361. Pictured is the building today.

©Shutterstock

The Irish link
On one occasion, Ireland was considered as the Ark's final destination. The Hill of Tara (pictured), an ancient ceremonial and burial site near Skryne in County Meath, was illegally excavated by British Israelites in the early 20th century in the belief that the hill contained the missing chest.

©Public Domain

The Anubis Shrine
Howard Carter's heart must have missed a beat when he entered the Anubis Shrine, part of Tutankhamun's tomb, on November 4, 1922. Already in awe of the treasures he and his team had stumbled upon, there in front of him was something that resembled the Ark of the Covenant. In fact, it was the wood, plaster, lacquer, and gold leaf Anubis Shrine. No matter though. Carter was about to discover an equally momentous archaeological find—Tutankhamun himself!

©Getty Images

'Raiders of the Lost Ark' (1981)
Arguably the most famous quest for archaeology's most misplaced box was on the big screen. In the 1981 movie 'Raiders of the Lost Ark,' Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) is hired by the US government to find the Ark of the Covenant before Adolf Hitler's Nazis can obtain its awesome powers.

Sources:

• (Book of Exodus)
• (Book of Joshua)
• (National Geographic)
• (Newgrange)

See also:

• What the universe will look like in the end

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UFO appears over Visalia, California April 6, 2026, UAP Paranormal Alien Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 6, 2026

Location of sighting: Visalia, California, USA

Source: email report to scwaring @ yahoo.com

 

This UFO report just in. An eyewitness was driving home from work when he noticed a strange disk shape in the sky with a long white trail behind it. He said the disk seemed to have some kind of effect over him as he suddenly felt overwhelmed with the feeling of love. As if the ship was sending out an emotional message for all who see to experience. This happens sometimes and often mentioned in other UFO reports going back to the MJ12 and other CIA UFO files. This is proof that it's a real UFO. 

Scott C. Waring - UFO Sightings Daily

 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Sensational claims of a government cover up of Australia's biggest UFO mystery - as a Melbourne teacher breaks his silence to claim senior military officers 'threatened him' - and the US President's office sent a team to investigate

• The Westall incident, April 6, 1966, considered Australia's greatest UFO mystery
• About 200 witnesses saw a 'flying saucer' hover over Westall school oval
• Teacher Andrew Greenwood claimed military arrived at the school soon after
• Two weeks later Australian government officials threatened him at his home
• Mr Greenwood also claimed an American government official interviewed him

By PETER VINCENT, NEWS REPORTER

A retired Melbourne schoolteacher has made astonishing claims about how he was threatened by government thugs over what is regarded as Australia's greatest ufo mystery, before being contacted by federal agents close to the American president.

On April 6, 1966, about 200 Westall High School students, teachers and Clayton South residents witnessed a large silver cigar-shaped 'flying saucer' hover above the school's oval and the nearby Grange Reserve.

The incident has been recounted before, immortalised in UFO-shaped play equipment for kids to climb on at the reserve and even retold in a documentary, but one of the teachers who witnessed the extraordinary events has since revealed new details of what happened next.

An apparent photograph of the supposed Westall UFO encounter where more than 200 students and teachers allegedly witnessed an unexplained flying object descend onto a nearby open wild grass field in 1966

Andrew Greenwood, one of the teachers at Westall High School, during the UFO encounter has described bizarre encounters he had with Australian government officials who demanded he keep quiet over what he saw

A newspaper clipping outlining what several witnesses at the school saw on that fateful day in 1966

Andrew Greenwood, who taught science to Year 9 students at Westall, detailed attempts made to silence him - and how he was contacted by someone at the very top of the US government.

'I saw a craft. A mechanical object intelligently controlled hovering above me,' Mr Greenwood told a 7NEWS Spotlight documentary, which airs on Sunday and features several other witnesses.

Mr Greenwood also said five small planes hovered around the object. 

Terry Peck, who was a student at Westall, shows a drawing of what she saw hovering above her school in April 1966

Within 40 minutes airforce and army personnel in their trucks poured into the area and formed a security barrier around the reserve. 

But knowing the area well, Mr Greenwood and others were able to sneak in and see what was going on.

'[We saw a] circular area, like the trampled grass,' he said. 'And there were guards around it and there were people in there with equipment'.

Mr Greenwood spoke to local news reporters about the incident but became frightened about speaking out when two weeks after the incident two men claiming to be government officials knocked on the door of his home.

'One in plain clothes, and the other one, senior air force,' Mr Greenwood said. 

The men told the teacher he was mistaken about what he saw and had he 'really seen anything'. 

'Absolutely, I was threatened. I was told that I should not say anything about it,' Mr Greenwood said.

'When I tried to explain to them that they weren't there, I was and I knew what I saw, well, the first suggestion was that you'd be ill advised to go on saying that because clearly you were drunk on duty and will have to be reported to the education department and of course you will lose your job.'

Terry Peck, one of the Westall students who features in the new interview about the UFO sighting from 1966

A Westall witness discusses documents relating to the incident with a journalist

A year after the Westall incident Mr Greenwood was interviewed by an American physicist, Dr James E. McDonald, who was known for his study of UFOs - he says at he instruction of the office of the then-President of United States, Lyndon B Johnson.

'The president had authorised the establishment of a board of inquiry, or an inquiry to inquire into issues of unidentified flying objects, and that they were sending out someone,' he said.

The US began investigating UFO sightings and the phenomenon soon after the Second World War, when sightings began. 

Mr Greenwood is adamant that the Australian government covered up the incident at the time and has refused to tell anyone what really happened since. 

'What really strikes me is that 55 years on, these people are very certain about what they saw,' he said.

'It just beggars belief for me in Australia we've never had an official investigation. And flatly I think there has been a cover-up, I really do. 

'I think someone has buried the Department of Supply report which I know exists.'

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On April 6, 1966, a group of students at Westall High School in Melbourne witnessed something extraordinary. The students saw a saucer-shaped UFO hovering in the clear autumn sky.  The UFO moved erratically, darting at high speed in different directions. Within moments, dozens of students and teachers had gathered. 

Several witnesses later claimed the craft descended near a field close to the school. Not long after, men in uniform reportedly arrived at the scene. 

The school principal quickly called an assembly, telling students the object was nothing more than a weather balloon and instructing them not to speak about it. Some students were taken aside and questioned by unidentified men, who also urged them to stay quiet. 

Descriptions of the object, however, didn’t match a balloon. Witnesses reported a metallic, saucer-shaped UFO with a dome. It was seen rising slowly before suddenly shooting straight up at incredible speed, disappearing and reappearing in different locations. 

The Westall incident remains unexplained. Some believe it may have been a secret military experiment, possibly involving U.S. technology, while others suspect a deeper mystery that has never been fully revealed. 

But now, more than 60 years after the mass UFO sighting in Melbourne, witnesses are still standing by their claims and with over 140 people, many at the time being children, reporting the same strange object, calls are growing for a fresh investigation into one of Australia’s most enduring mysteries.

  

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