Muslims Can’t Live On Mars! A Fatwa Issued by Clerics

A Fatwa has been issued against living on Mars by clerics who say that trying to set up home there would be un-Islamic.

The fatwa – or ruling – was issued by the General Authority of Islamic Affairs and Endowment (GAIAE) in the UAE after the Mars One organisation announced that it would try and establish a permanent human settlement on Mars.

The committee argued that an attempt to dwell on the planet would be so hazardous as to be suicidal and killing oneself is not permitted by Islam.

A Fatwa has been issued against living on Mars by clerics who say that trying to set up home there would be un-Islamic.

The fatwa – or ruling – was issued by the General Authority of Islamic Affairs and Endowment (GAIAE) in the UAE after the Mars One organisation announced that it would try and establish a permanent human settlement on Mars.

The committee argued that an attempt to dwell on the planet would be so hazardous as to be suicidal and killing oneself is not permitted by Islam.

The astronauts, the committee said, would end up dying for no ‘righteous reason’ and would face the same punishment in the afterlife as someone who’d committed suicide.

The committee, led by Professor Dr Farooq Hamada, said: ‘Protecting life against all possible dangers and keeping it safe is an issue agreed upon by all religions and is clearly stipulated in verse 4/29 of the Holy Quran: Do not kill yourselves or one another. Indeed, Allah is to you ever Merciful.’

However, Mars One pointed out that the Quran encourages exploration.

In a written response to the Fatwa it highlighted a verse that says ‘and among His Signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the variations in your languages and your colors: verily in that are Signs for those who know (Quran 30: 22)’.

It said: ‘The Muslim world has a rich tradition of exploration. The verse from the Quran above encourages Muslims to go out and see the signs of God’s creation in the “heavens and the earth”. The most influential example of this was the Moroccan Muslim traveller Ibn Battuta, who from 1325 to 1355 travelled 73,000 miles, visiting the equivalent of 44 modern countries.’

Mars One also disputed that the mission was tantamount to suicide.

The organisation said: ‘Space exploration, just like Earth exploration, will come with risks and rewards. It may seem extremely dangerous to send humans to Mars today, but the humans will be preceded by at least eight cargo missions.

‘Robotic unmanned vehicles will prepare the habitable settlement. Water and a breathable atmosphere will be produced inside the habitat and the settlement will be operational for two years, even before the first crew leaves Earth.

‘If we may be so bold: the GAIAE should not analyze the risk as they perceive it today. The GAIAE should assess the potential risk for humans as if an unmanned habitable outpost is ready and waiting on Mars.’

It added: ‘Mars One respectfully requests GAIAE to cancel the Fatwa and make the greatest Rihla, or journey, of all times open for Muslims, too. They can be the first Muslims to witness the signs of God’s creation in heaven, drawing upon the rich culture of travel and exploration of early Islam.

‘The lives and journey of the first Mars settlers will tell us more about our place in the universe than any other humans before us. As Ibn Battuta also wrote: “Travelling – it leaves you speechless, then turns you into a storyteller.”‘

The GAIAE has issued around two million Fatwas through its Official Fatwa Centre since its inception in 2008.

The multi-billion pound Mars One mission hopes to establish a human colony on Mars in 2025.

Over 200,000 people, including 500 Saudis and Arabs, have applied to take part in the missions so far.

In December Mars One short-listed 1,058 people to take part in trials for the ambitious project.

Co-founder Bas Lansdorp said: ‘We’re extremely appreciative and impressed with the sheer number of people who submitted their applications.

‘However, the challenge with 200,000 applicants is separating those who we feel are physically and mentally adept to become human ambassadors on Mars from those who are obviously taking the mission much less seriously. We even had a couple of applicants submit their videos in the nude!’

Mars lies on average 141.6million miles from the Sun and has an average temperature of -85F (-65C). Its atmosphere is desperately thin – one per cent of Earth’s pressure – and is 95 per cent carbon dioxide.

(Photo via Shutterstock / Esteban De Armas)

Source www.etupdates.com

{http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

Black Knight: This strange object has been orbiting the earth for 50 years – no one knows what it is 

A strange object has been orbiting the earth; some say for fifty years, some say less. The object, called the Black Knight, is believed by some to have extra-terrestrial origins and to be over thirteen thousand years old. However, most academics believe that is just a conspiracy theory.

Nikola Tesla first reported hearing sounds from space in 1899, thinking they were signals from intelligent life. In 1968, astronomers discovered that he did, indeed, hear radio signals, but they were from pulsars deep in space.

“The Black Knight”

In 1954, several newspapers including the San Francisco Examiner and the St. Louis Post Dispatch published the opinions of former Marine Corps naval aviator Donald Edward Keyhoe, a famous UFO researcher. Keyhoe, a native of Ottumwa, Iowa was a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy. After his retirement from the Marine Corps, he worked for the National Geodetic Survey and U.S. Department of Commerce. He also became an author who wrote about Charles Lindbergh’s American tour as well as aviation fiction. At the outbreak of World War II, he returned to military service to train aviators. He achieved the rank of Major before his second retirement. He continued to publish stories in magazines such as Weird Tales, Flying Aces, The Saturday Evening Post and Reader’s Digest.

It was Keyhoe’s belief that extra-terrestrials had visited the Earth and he published several books stating that the U.S. Air Force had detected two satellites orbiting the Earth in 1954 when no such technology existed. At the time, science fiction was becoming increasingly popular. Books by Keyhoe, H.G. Wells, Arthur C. Clarke and Issac Asimov, movies such as War of the Worlds and The Day the Earth Stood Still, along with television shows like The Outer Limits and The Twilight Zone fueled public imagination regarding space travel and possible alien encounters. Skeptics decided that the articles had been published to help Keyhoe promote his books.

In 1960, during the Cold War, Time Magazine also claimed the U.S. Navy was aware of a satellite with an unusual orbit with an apogee of 1,728 km (1,074 mi) and a perigee of only 216 km (134 mi). At first, they claimed it was a Soviet spy satellite but later stated it was only a U.S. satellite that had broken orbit.

Reports of the Black Knight Satellite have resulted from unverified stories, overzealous reporters, and exaggerated photographs. According to NASA astronaut, Jerry Ross, the object is simply the result of a mistake.

In December 1998, the space shuttle Discovery was sent on a mission to make some adjustments to the International Space Station. The mission was to acquire the Russian ‘FGB’ module already in low orbit, attach it to US ‘Node 1’ in the payload bay, and perform spacewalks to install the needed equipment. Colonel Ross and Dr. James Newman were attempting to install thermal blankets on trunnion pins attached to the space station in order to reduce heat loss and save energy. The blankets were tethered to Col. Ross’ spacesuit but when he attempted to retrieve the second blanket he accidentally lost it. Once he discovered it was gone, it was too far away for the astronauts to retrieve it.

STS-88

According to NASA, “During spacewalks, debris, both small and large, are often thrown off the station for convenience, although sometimes tools unintentionally slip away.” Such was the case in December 1998, when a slidewire carrier and a worksite interface were lost by the STS-88 crew while conducting an extravehicular activity for ISS. These objects were large enough to be tracked by the US SSN [Space Surveillance Network] and were cataloged (U.S. satellite numbers 25564 and 25565). Three other objects were also released by STS-88 spacewalkers, one inadvertently (an insulation blanket) and two by design (antenna spools), although only the former was officially cataloged.

In an interview conducted by James Oberg on October 15, 2014, Col. Ross stated, “If we see something up there we will be the first ones to ask questions and to tell people we saw something we didn’t understand. Conspiracy theories are fun for those working on them, but a waste of valuable brain power.”

Trump’s Advisers Want to Return Humans to the Moon in Three Years

The plan could dramatically shift the mission of the space agency, prioritizing low-Earth orbit activity over distant exploration.

The Obama administration wanted to send humans to Mars. But the Trump administration wants to put them back on the moon first, and quickly.That ambition is inside internal documents reported byPolitico on Thursday that describe what would be a dramatic shift in mission for NASA. According to the documents, created by the transition team assigned to the agency, President Donald Trump’s advisers want NASA to send humans to the moon three years from now, nearly five decades since the last astronaut left his footprints there. NASA would focus on boosting human activity in the cislunar region—the space between the Earth and the moon—as opposed to venturing deeper into the solar system. The space agency’s main goal, they say, should be “the large-scale economic development of space.”

“NASA’s new strategy will prioritize economic growth and the organic creation of new industries and private sector jobs, over ‘exploration’ and other esoteric activities,” explains a summary of what’s next for NASA in the documents. “Done correctly, this could create a trillion-dollar per year space economy, dominated by America.”

It’s not surprising for a new administration to want to take NASA in a different direction so soon after its arrival in Washington. Eight years ago, Barack Obama canceled the Constellation program, created under George W. Bush, which planned to return humans to the moon by 2020. Obama believed the program was too expensive and that NASA  had “lost focus,” especially as it began to wind down the space-shuttle program, the country’s pioneering pride and joy. He told NASA to put people on Mars by the 2030s, and lasso an asteroid somewhere along the way.If the Trump administration’s picks for space-policy advisers are an indication, the country will remain on a long-term mission to Mars. Wrenching the idea of a Martian journey from the American public after two terms of successful NASA public-relations campaigns and Hollywood space movies would be a difficult exercise. Plus, there’s strong bipartisan agreement in Congress that the Mars deadline can’t move. But the next four to eight years may see an aggressive push for more movements in Earth’s backyard, where hundreds of satellites and the International Space Station reside.

“Just because you have private companies involved doesn’t mean you can ignore physics or the harsh environment of space.”

Politico reports Trump advisers want “private American astronauts, on private space ships, circling the Moon by 2020.” That vision puts a lot of faith into private spaceflight companies that are developing and testing rockets capable of carrying payloads and people to low-Earth orbit. The company SpaceX especially stands to benefit from this ambition, because its CEO, Elon Musk, meets often with Trump as a member of the president’s advisory council of business leaders.

Increased investment in private-public partnerships in human spaceflight would actually be an expansion of Obama’s hopes for NASA. But spaceflight is blind to the origins of funding, both private and federal. SpaceX and Blue Origin, Jeff Bezos’s spaceflight company, are already behind schedule on perfecting the rockets they’ll let NASA use to carry astronauts into space next year. SpaceX has seen two rockets blow up in less than two years. The funding isn’t there yet, either; Trump has not announced a budget proposal for the next fiscal year, a process that usually begins in February.

“This is not a bad idea, but the timeline that’s implied in this article would be an unprecedented speed,” Casey Dreier, the director of space policy at the Planetary Society in California, said of the Trump advisers’ ambitions. “Just because you have private companies involved doesn’t mean you can ignore physics or the harsh environment of space.”

The president’s advisers favor these private spaceflight companies, considered “New Space,” over “Old Space” contractors, like Boeing and Lockheed Martin. “We have to be seen giving ‘Old Space’ a fair and balanced shot at proving they are better and cheaper than commercial,” the documents say. This likely won’t sit well with Congress. In 2010, Congress instructed NASA to develop a heavy, expendable launch vehicle that would replace the shuttle program and carry transport astronauts into orbit. The Space Launch System, or SLS, is being manufactured by Boeing and Lockheed Martin, with plans for a first flight in late 2018.

The SLS is costing billions of dollars, far more than the rocket technology being developed by private companies, but it employs tens of thousands of people. Lawmakers, Dreier says, won’t be jumping the idea of killing jobs in their districts in favor of sending humans to the moons with rockets made somewhere else. The closer the Trump administration gets to the private spaceflight company, the greater the risk of alienating some of his Republican allies in Congress.

The Trump documents set another goal for 2020. By that year, the United States will see “private lunar landers staking out de-facto ‘property rights’ for America on the moon.” Claiming any sovereignty of the moon is a violation of the United Nations Outer Space Treaty, the set of principles that govern the use of outer space, and which have been observed by dozens of nations since the late 1960s. Planting an American flag on the lunar surface is one thing, but marking territory is another, and carries geopolitical implications. This ambition would put the U.S. in some competition with China, which plans to ramp up its own cislunar activity in the next decade, and wants to land a rover on the far side of the moon in 2018, a first for any spacefaring nation.

The Trump administration is still several months away from picking NASA’s next administrator, but the documents Politicoobtained suggest that Jim Bridenstine, the Republican congressman from Oklahoma, is at the top of the list. Rumors that Bridenstine wants the job have swirled since the election. The congressman has proposed detailed legislation for NASA policies and extolled the benefits of lunar missions in blog posts. The rumors intensified this week after his remarks at the annual Commercial Space Transportation Conference in Washington, D.C. “It is our job to make America great again in space,” he said, adding that the U.S. should use its “secret weapon,” the commercial space industry. Bridenstine’s office told me this week he would be “honored” to serve in the new administration if Trump asked.

Dreier cautions that the latest glimpse of potential Trump space policy may be just that—a peek into the internal debate over NASA’s mission, rather than a clear roadmap for the space agency’s future. But there’s a pretty glaring omission that’s hard to miss: science. The documents, as reported, don’t make any mention of the various scientific projects that will punctuate Trump’s first term, like the galaxy-searching James Webb Space Telescope, scheduled to launch in 2018, or the next Mars rover, preparing to lift off in 2020, or the first lander mission to Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, which scientists are currently trying to figure out. Human spaceflight programs are expensive, and risk overshadowing such projects.

“Science always tends to suffer when human spaceflight programs go over budget,” Dreier says.

Source www.theatlantic.com

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

Astronaut Gordon Cooper: I witnessed a UFO Landing in 1957

Leroy Gordon “Gordo” Cooper, Jr., one of the seven original astronauts of ‘Project Mercury’ the first manned space program of the United States witnessed a UFO landing in 1957. He is another astronaut who has seen an actual UFO.

In 1957, when Cooper was part of a special band of test pilots at the Edwards Air Force Base in California, he witnessed first-hand an actual UFO.

Cooper states:

“I had a camera crew filming the installation when they spotted a saucer. They filmed it as it flew overhead, then hovered, extended three legs as landing gear, and slowly came down to land on a dry lake bed! “These guys were all pro cameramen, so the picture quality was very good.”The camera crew managed to get within 20 or 30 yards of it, filming all the time. It was a classic saucer, shiny silver and smooth, about 30 feet across. It was pretty clear it was an alien craft. “As they approached closer it took off.” 

According to Cooper, following standard procedures, when the camera crew game him the recording, he sent it to Washington and reported the UFO encounter. After that, all heck broke loose.

“After a while a high-ranking officer said when the film was developed I was to put it in a pouch and send it to Washington.”He didn’t say anything about me not looking at the film. That’s what I did when it came back from the lab ­ and it was all there just like the camera crew reported.”

Leroy Gordon “Gordo” Cooper firmly believes that an extraterrestrial vehicle crashed at Roswell, N. Mexico in 1947, Cooper also believes the government recovered several ‘Alien beings’ from the crash.

“I had a good friend at Roswell, a fellow officer. He had to be careful about what he said. But it sure wasn’t a weather balloon, like the Air Force cover story. He made it clear to me what crashed was a craft of alien origin, and members of the crew were recovered.” 

Cooper was among a list of highly ranked officials who believed that the people of this planet have the right to know about Alien life elsewhere in the cosmos.

Cooper added: “It started in World War 2, when the government didn’t want people to know about UFO reports in case they panicked,” said Cooper. “They would have been fearful it was superior enemy technology that we had no defense against. 

“Then it got worse in the Cold War for the same reason. “So they told one untruth, they had to tell another to cover that one, then another, then another . . . it just snowballed. “And right now I’m convinced a lot of very embarrassed government officials are sitting there in Washington trying to figure a way to bring the truth out. They know it’s got to come out one day, and I’m sure it will. “America has a right to know!” 

Source www.ancient-code.com

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

 

{ http://nationalufocenter.com/ }

Filer’s Files #10 – 2017 Royal Family’s Interest in UFOs - PART II

ROSWELL UFO CRASH – FIRST HAND WITNESS TESTIMONY – ONE WAS ALIVE !

This is Gerald Anderson’s story of the Roswell UFO crash. He was interviewed by famous UFO researcher Stanton Friedman (the same researcher who first obtained Major Jesse A. Marcel’s testimony about the Roswell incident. 

 

During this interview, Gerald Anderson tells of him as a young boy of walking up on a crashed UFO complete with its crew of 4 and with one alien creature still alive.

THE ROSWELL INCIDENT WAS, IN FACT, A CRASHED UFO

Anderson was out rock hunting with some family members on the Plains of St. Augustine near Socorro on the July 1947 morning that this event took place.

 

His testimony was polygraph proved, which proves that the UFO phenomenon is real and the Roswell Incident was, in fact, a crashed UFO.

 

When they were out rock hunting, they discovered a silver disk. There were three creatures, three bodies, lying on the ground underneath this thing in the shade. Two weren’t moving, and the third one obviously was having trouble breathing. There was a fourth one next to it, sitting there on the ground. There wasn’t a thing wrong with it, and it apparently had been giving first aid to the others.

 

 After a couple of minutes, Anderson investigated the UFO and the alien that was still alive turned and looked at him. Anderson had the feeling the creature was inside of his mind. He could hear his thoughts.

 

A group of armed soldiers suddenly appeared. The extraterrestrial creature, which had calmed down after its initial fright, “went crazy” at the sight of the soldiers. Thinking back on the creature’s plight today brings on the “most awful, horrible feeling,” Anderson says.

 

 “His situation was hopeless. He was aware of it. He’d just lived through a nightmare that most of us wouldn’t be able to psychologically stand. He’d watched two of his crew die. He knew there’s no chance of rescue because our military is here and his people aren’t going to be able to get him.

 

 “As a kid, I was aware of what being afraid of the dark was like., and the feeling I got from him at the moment was that feeling multiplied a million times. It was really scary. It was terrifying.

source

{ http://www.thinkaboutit-ufos.com/ }

UFOS AND PROJECT MOON DUST

Over the years, ufologists have given a great deal of attention to a certain U.S. military program called Project Moon Dust (also referred to as Moondust). Its origins date back to the 1950s. The reason why so much attention has been placed upon Project Moon Dust is because of its potential connection to the issue of alleged crashed and recovered UFOs held by elements of the U.S. military – crash-retrievals or C/Rs as they are generally known. But, was Moon Dust really the key operation in secretly locating and recovering crashed ships from faraway worlds?

Back in 1979, the late UFO researcher Robert Todd obtained a 1961 Air Force Intelligence document (declassified under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act) which offered intriguing data on the program – and on certain related operations, too. Dated November 3, 1961, the document states in part:

“…In addition to their staff duty assignments, intelligence team personnel have peacetime duty functions in support of such Air Force projects as Moondust, Bluefly, and UFO, and other AFCIN directed quick reaction projects which require intelligence team operational capabilities…Unidentified Flying Objects (UFO): Headquarters USAF has established a program for investigation of reliably reported unidentified flying objects within the United States. AFR 200-2 delineates 1127th collection responsibilities…”

The document continues: “Blue Fly: Operation Blue Fly has been established to facilitate expeditious delivery to FTD of Moon Dust or other items of great technical intelligence interest. AFCIN SOP for Blue Fly operations, February 1960, provides for 1127th participation. Moon Dust: As a specialized aspect of its over-all material exploitation program, Headquarters USAF has established Project Moon Dust to locate, recover and deliver descended foreign space vehicles. ICGL #4, 25 April 1961, delineates collection responsibilities.”

That Moon Dust undertook some intriguing operations is not in any doubt. Hundreds of pages of Moon Dust files are now in the public domain – all thanks to the provisions of the FOIA. Aside, that is, from one allegedly leaked document, which tells a spectacular story ofUFOs, JFK and Marilyn Monroe. That it sounds too good to be true is because it probably is. The FOIA files tell of the recoveries of Soviet missiles, parts of aircraft, and portions of burned-up satellites. But what about UFOs? There is no doubt that the November 3, 1961 document refers to both UFOs and Project Moon Dust. The Air Force’s very own words make the connection. But, when the Air Force referenced UFOs, what, exactly, were they talking/thinking about? That is, perhaps, the most important aspect of this admittedly intriguing affair.

For many people within the field of Ufology, the term “UFO” firmly equates to “alien spacecraft.” But, does it really? No, it does not. A UFO is just an unknown object flying in the sky – and that is all it is. At least, until we know better. We can find more than a few examples in the Moon Dust files where the word “UFO” is used, but where the data was clearly focusing on Russian satellites, rocket-boosters and so on. In some cases, members of the public perceived the Earth-bound, falling remains of those satellites and rocket-boosters as UFOs, when they were seen hurtling through the Earth’s atmosphere. Studying those reports from members of the public who thought they had seen UFOs (as in craft from other worlds) helped U.S. military intelligence to find and recover wrecked/crashed Russian technology.

In other words, it is clear that on many occasions Moon Dust personnel were looking at UFO reports to try and determine if the sightings corr elated with the sightings/crashes of Soviet technology. Sometimes they did. On other occasions, they drew a blank. Maybe Project Moon Dust operatives did recover alien spacecraft on one or more occasions. But, there is absolutely no evidence of that so far. There is, however, a great deal of data which – when interpreted in an unbiased fashion – shows that Moon Dust personnel were using the word “UFO” for something akin to “probable decaying Soviet satellite” and not to “aliens fromZeta Reticuli.”

SOURCE

{ http://www.thinkaboutit-ufos.com/ }

Volcanoes could make some planets warm enough for alien life

One of the newly discovered planets around the red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 could have hydrogen-spewing volcanoes that could boost the temperatures of seemingly frigid alien planets enough to maintain liquid water on their surface.

 NASA/JPL-CALTECH/R. HURT, T. PYLE (IPAC)

Hydrogen-spewing volcanoes could boost the temperatures of seemingly frigid alien planets enough to maintain liquid water on their surfaces, making the worlds potentially habitable to life as we know it, a new study suggests.

If the newfound TRAPPIST-1h — the most distant of a set of seven Earth-size worlds that orbit a dwarf star just 39 light-years from Earth — boasted such volcanoes, it could be warm enough to hold onto water, study team members said.

In the past, scientists determined that the “habitable zone” — the range of distances from a star that can support liquid water on a world’s surface -- expands when planets have hydrogen in their atmospheres. However, because hydrogen is such a light gas, it quickly escapes to space, leaving such planets devoid of it within a few tens of millions of years. [5 Amazing Facts About the TRAPPIST-1 System (Video)]

But active volcanoes could change that, according to the new study.

“Our volcanic-hydrogen habitable zone is different, because so long as volcanism is intense enough, it can outpace the rate at which hydrogen escapes into space,” lead author Ramses Ramirez, a planetary scientist at Cornell University in New York, told Space.com by email. 

Ramirez and fellow planetary scientist Lisa Kaltenegger, also at Cornell, examined how active hydrogen-rich volcanos could continue to resupply a planet with a hydrogen atmosphere. They found the activity could increase the size of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, dramatically extending the region where habitable planets might lie.

According to Ramirez, the increased volcanism “allows potentially habitable conditions for much longer geologic timescales.”

Improving the odds

The hunt for signs of life on worlds beyond the solar system tends to focus on the habitable zone, because water is crucial to life as we know it. (While other evolutionary paths are possible, scientists prefer to focus on the one known to have succeeded at least once.) 

While studying possibilities for early Mars, Ramirez and Kaltenegger realized that massive outgassing of hydrogen early in the life of the Red Planet could have made for a warmer, wetter world. 

“I liked the idea enough that I decided to extend it to the habitable zone,” Ramirez said.

Stellar temperature versus distance from the star compared to Earth for the classic habitable zone (shaded blue) and the volcanic habitable zone extension (shaded red).

 R. RAMIREZ, CARL SAGAN INSTITUTE, CORNELL UNIVERSITY

The process works well for small planets like Mars, where internal processes would keep the mantle hydrogen-rich. When volcanoes spew lava from the mantle, they can release hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases into the atmosphere. A hydrogen-rich atmosphere could bump out the outer edge of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, giving more worlds the opportunity to hold onto their life-giving water, Ramirez and Kaltenegger said.

That doesn’t mean larger worlds are out of luck. While massive super-Earths are more likely to release hydrogen-poor gases into the air, they could still have enough volcanoes spewing material to outpace the escape of hydrogen into space. Such large worlds also have gravity on their side and are more likely to boast magnetic fields, both of which slow down hydrogen’s escape into space.

The exact properties of these volcanoes would depend on their home planet. A planet’s mass (which affects how strongly gravity tugs at the lava) and whether it has plate tectonics play key roles in building its volcanoes. On Earth, collision and disruption of the crust through tectonics mix up the material that becomes the lava, creating a variety of chemical compositions. On Mars, where gravity is low and the crust is a single large plate, Ramirez said, volcanic material is less evolved, and the lava flows pile up to create huge volcanoes, including the largest in the solar system, Olympus Mons. [Supervolcanoes Found On Mars (Video)]

Dense hydrogen atmospheres on alien worlds could still bear a strong similarity to Earth’s. That could have implications for our young planet, Ramirez said.

“One idea suggested that hydrogen gas concentrations may have been high on the early Earth,” he said. (Today, hydrogen is but a trace component of Earth’s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.) “If that hypothesis is true, early Earth may have resembled these hydrogen-rich exoplanets.”

The research was published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

The hunt for life

Last week, scientists announced the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system, a series of seven rocky worlds, each about the same size as Earth, around a dwarf star. At least three of the worlds appear to fall within the habitable zone, assuming they have Earth-like atmospheres. 

Treasure trove of new planets found

TRAPPIST-1h, the most distant of the seven worlds, seems to be out in the cold. But if the small planet has volcanoes venting hydrogen gas, it could just make the cut for habitability, study team members said.

According to Ramirez, TRAPPIST-1h lies just outside the new volcanic hydrogen habitable zone. 

“But it is really close,” he said. If volcanoes on the planet released a bit more hydrogen than the team’s models call for, it could hold onto liquid water, he added.

That could mean good news in the hunt for life. Because the TRAPPIST-1 system lies only 39 light-years from Earth, it will make a good target for studying the atmospheres of planets with observatories like NASA’s $8.8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in late 2018. 

Exoplanet atmospheres are beginning to release their secrets. When a world passes between Earth and its star, the planet’s atmosphere absorbs some of the light, allowing scientists to study the atmosphere’s composition. 

Even if “biosignature” gases were found in a planet’s atmosphere, it could still be a challenge to determine if they were produced by living organisms or through other processes, Ramirez said. Still, just locating the signatures would be easier with volcanically active worlds, since hydrogen “puffs up” the atmosphere around a planet, creating a larger atmospheric signal that would be easier to study.

“Biosignatures would be easier to detect in these hydrogen-rich atmospheres,” Ramirez said.

Follow Nola Taylor Redd on Twitter @NolaTRedd or Google+. Follow us at @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.

Editor’s Recommendations

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• 10 Exoplanets That Could Host Alien Life

{ http://www.cbsnews.com/ }

Scientists claim Mars was once completely covered in water - and may have harboured alien LIFE

Minerals found on Martian meteorite could provide evidence that life once existed on the Red Planet

BY BEN CUSACK

Scientists analysing minerals found on Martian meteorites say that Mars may well have once been completely covered in water.

They found evidence that a mineral found in Martian meteorites - which had been considered as proof of an ancient dry environment on Mars - may have originally been a hydrogen-containing mineral.

This means that there could have been more water on Mars at one stage - possibly covering the entire red planet in oceans.

The research was conducted in part by scientists at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, who led an international research team in the study, created a synthetic version of a hydrogen-containing mineral known as whitlockite.

After shock-compression experiments on whitlockite samples that simulated the conditions of ejecting meteorites from Mars, the researchers studied their microscopic makeup with X-ray experiments with top-of-the-line machinery.

Martin Kunz, a staff scientist at Berkeley Lab's ALS who participated in X-ray studies of the samples, said: "This is important for deducing how much water could have been on Mars, and whether the water was from Mars itself rather than comets or meteorites."

Their experiments showed that whitlockite can become dehydrated from such shocks, forming merrillite, a mineral that is commonly found in Martian meteorites but does not occur naturally on Earth.

Study co-lead Professor Oliver Tschauner (corr) from UNLV said: "If even a part of merrillite had been whitlockite before, it changes the water budget of Mars dramatically."

READ MORE

• NASA wants to put a magnetic shield around Mars so that humans can live on the Red Planet

And because whitlockite can be dissolved in water and contains phosphorous, an essential element for life on Earth, the study further increases the chances there could have been life on Mars.

Prof Tschauner said: "The overarching question here is about water on Mars and its early history on Mars: Had there ever been an environment that enabled a generation of life on Mars?"

The pressures and temperatures generated in the shock experiments, while comparable to those of a meteorite impact, lasted for only about 100 billionths of a second, or about one-tenth to one-hundredth as long as an actual meteorite impact.

The fact that experiments showed even partial conversion to merrillite in these lab-created conditions, a longer duration impact would likely have produced "almost full conversion" - which could be why they cannot find any whitlockite in their Martian samples.

READ MORE

• Horror as NASA reveals asteroid passed so close to Earth it was INSIDE 'satellite ring'

He added that this latest study appears to be one of the first of its kind to detail the shock effects on synthetic whitlockite, which is rare on Earth.

Researchers blasted the synthetic whitlockite samples with metal plates fired from a gas-pressurised gun at speeds of up to 1,678 miles per hour, at ultra-high pressure - to simulate being blasted out to space from Mars.

There is evidence that liquid water flows on Mars today, though there has not yet been scientific proof that life has ever existed on Mars.

In 2013, planetary scientists reported that darkish streaks that appear on Martian slopes are likely related to occasional rivers flowing down the hills.

And in November 2016, NASA scientists reported that a large underground body of water ice in one region of Mars contains the equivalent of all of the water in Lake Superior, the largest of the Great Lakes.

Rover explorations have also found evidence of the former abundance of water based on analysis of surface rocks.

READ MORE

• World's oldest fossil unearthed - and it could prove there was once life on MARS

Prof Tschauner added: "The only missing link now is to prove that merrillite had, in fact, really been Martian whitlockite before.

"We have to go back to the real meteorites and see if there had been traces of water."

The study was published today (Tues) in the journal Nature Communications

{ http://www.mirror.co.uk/ }

Peru: A Dozen UFOs Suspend Flights in Peru's Jorge Chavez Airport

Source: Planeta UFO and Radio Santiago (Chile)
https://www.radiosantiago.cl/archivo/4907
Date: March 3, 2017

Peru: A Dozen UFOs Suspend Flights in Peru's Jorge Chavez Airport

A flotilla of UFOs allegedly caused the suspension of flight operations at the Jorge Chávez Airport in El Callao (Perú). The sighting ocurred during the month of February, and what startled Peruvian ufologists is that the Corporación Peruana de Aeropuertos y Aviacion Comercial (CORPAC, Peruvian Airports and Commercial Aviation Corporation) recorded the incident in an official document.

With regard to the alleged sighting of the UFO flotilla in the Jorge Chavez Internationa Airport's airspace, ufologist Mario Zegarra says CORPAC filed official documents recording the incident, which hindered air oeprations that evening.



According to Zegarra, there are recordings capturing conversations between the control tower and those pilots unable to take off or land in the airport for at least three hours. 

"The radar at Jorge Chavez captured 12 unidentified contacts on its screen, each identified with code 0000 for UFO," said Zegarra.

Another ufologist, Joshue Cornejo, says that a UFO was recorded at 7:38 that evening using night vision equipment. "These objects cannot be seen unaided," Cornejo noted, but can be captured on the infrared band." 

UFO specialist Mario Zegarra will hold a conference on March 11th in Miraflores.

[Translation (c) 2017, S. Corrales (IHU) with thanks to Guillermo Giménez, Planeta UFO]

POSTED BY INEXPLICATA (IHU) AT 4:08 AM

{  http://inexplicata.blogspot.be/ }

Searching the Deep Biosphere for Clues to Extraterrestrial Life

If life can thrive miles underground on Earth, it might be able to thrive in the subsurface on other worlds

By Tullis C. Onstott

Mars, as seen by the Curiosity rover.  Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, MSSS Wikimedia

As a kid growing up I learned that all Earth life relied either directly or indirectly upon sunlight and an atmosphere with O₂, textbook stuff. Then in the late 1970’s, biologists discovered Riftia pachyptila, chemosynthetic tube worms, living around black smoker vents at the the bottom of the Pacific Ocean not far from the Galapagos Islands, the birthplace of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection.

Life has never been the same since.

In the early 1990’s Bacillus infernus, a bacterium, was discovered 10,000 feet beneath a farmer’s field in Virginia, where it or its ancestors had been living for 200 million years. Since then entire ecosystems have been uncovered residing miles beneath the surface in deep fractures sustained indefinitely by nothing more than the desultory decay of radiogenic uranium, thorium and potassium or the anemic oxidation of iron-bearing minerals.

With all of this life flourishing in what was previously believed to be a sterile dominion, you can’t help but look at the images of the ancient Martian surface and wonder if life also exists beneath its frozen, dessicated surface. If you had openly asked a question like that in the 16^thcentury you would have been burned at the stake, like Giordano Bruno, an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher and the first astrobiologist. More than a hundred years ago, Percival Lowell believed that he could see evidence of an extraterrestrial civilization living on the surface of Mars, but that optical illusion, along with his scientific credibility, was dispelled within fifteen years of his discovery. In 1901 H. G. Wells, a contemporary of Lowell, published The First Men in the Moon, in which he constructed a fantastically sophisticated society of insect-like creatures, Selenites, living beneath the lunar surface. Since then, the concept of extraterrestrial subsurface life has figured frequently in science fiction novels and movies, even episodes of Star Trek and Star Trek: The Next Generation. It is certainly true that if you burrow miles into the Moon or Mars, you will reach a temperature at which fresh liquid water, the essential ingredient for life as we know it, can exist.

But can life survive miles beneath a planet’s surface for billions of years even when that surface is inimical to it? To find out, our team went miles beneath the surface of our own planet, into the mines of South Africa where gold is extracted from the 3 billion year old sedimentary and volcanic rock of the Witwatersrand Basin. This basin has not been metamorphosed since a meteor impacted it 2 billion years ago, creating the colossal Vredefort Impact structure. In the fissures and crevices workers intersected during ultra-deep mining we found saline water that was tens to hundreds of millions of years old, full of hydrogen and methane gas generated by radiation and a natural form of Fischer-Tropsch organic synthesis. And in that water we found complex communities of life forms busily mining nutrients and energy from the rock.

The bedrock of the communities were chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria and Archaea that were fixing CO₂ and N₂ to make biomass. Feeding off their metabolic waste were other chemolithotrophs engaged in a syntrophic dance by excreting their own waste products to be recycled by the primary producers. Even more abundant were the viruses that were shuttling snippets of genes to be incorporated into the evolving microbial genomes. The most dramatic discovery was the presence of multicellular nematodes feeding on the bacteria and reproducing asexually. Similar subsurface communities and, in some cases, the same species have been reported in seafloor vents even though this part of South Africa has been covered by ocean water for 2.5 billion years. One of our primary producers was bacterial species found to be chemotactic and apparently migrating hundred of kilometers beneath the surface. We named it Desulforudis audaxviator. Audaxviator is derived from Jules Verne’s book, Journey to the Center of the Earth, and is Latin for “bold traveller.”

The longevity and internal sustainability of subsurface ecosystems on Earth means that if life emerged early on Mars, then there is no reason to believe it would not be present beneath the surface today. Drilling down miles through frozen rock to reach liquid water on Mars to obtain samples of the subsurface biosphere will likely have to await human colonization of that planet. But many other worlds such as Europa, Enceladus, and even Pluto, have liquid water at depth, an in the case of Europa and Enceladus vent this water to space as plumes that could be readable sampled for life. Yet these planetary bodies differ from Mars in that their surfaces were never habitable for life as we know it. For life to exist beneath their icy crusts, the processes leading to the origin of life have to be able to occur in the absence of sunlight.

As we do not have a complete picture of how life originated on the Earth, but rather just a few pieces of the puzzle, we cannot say with certainty if life can originate beneath the surface of a world. The late physicist Tommy Gold hypothesized that life may have originated beneath the surface of the Earth and subsequently rose to colonize the surface as ocean-evaporating meteorite impacts waned and the surface became more hospitable. Today regions of ancient continental crust exist where DNA life forms and their remains have been completely eradicated by geological heating in the past, or “paleopastuerization.” They are now cool and contain pockets of saline water that are habitable, and in some cases have been isolated from the surface for hundreds of millions to billions of years.

If Tommy Gold was right, then these Darwinian “warm little ponds” may be the locus of ongoing abiotic synthesis of building blocks for life, peptides and nucelotides. If there were any place on this planet where life forms exist as a “shadow biosphere” and do not have the signature ribosomal RNA, it would be the deep subsurface of our planet. Such a discovery would have enormous implications for life elsewhere in our solar system. We only have to go hunt for them.

{ https://www.scientificamerican.com/ }

Mars far more likely to have had life than we thought, researchers find after new water discovery

Andrew Griffin 

{ http://www.independent.co.uk/ }

Exclusive! Churchill's 'found' essay on aliens grips world, mistakenly

JAKE ELLION, SPECIAL TO SEATTLEPI.COM

"And there shall in that time be rumours of things going astray, and there will be a great confusion as to where things really are, and nobody will really know where lieth those little things with the sort of raffia work base, that has an attachment ... " — Monty Python, "Life of Brian."

Winston Churchill doing research for his essay on the possibility of extraterrestrial life titled "Are We Alone in the Universe?" found at the National Churchill Museum at Westminster College? ... perhaps. 

In a world where many are absolutely desperate for the discovery of alien life, especially intelligent alien life — possibly even the takeover of politics by a superior extraterrestrial life form — news that Winston Churchill had mused about aliens in an unpublished essay nearly broke the internet.

• New York Times: Winston Churchill Wrote of Alien Life in a Lost Essay
• Washington Post: In recently unearthed essay, Winston Churchill anticipated space travel and extraterrestrial life
• Space.com: Winston Churchill on Aliens: 1939 Essay Discovered
• Smithsonian: "Are We Alone in the Universe?" Winston Churchill's Lost Extraterrestrial Essay Says No
• The Independent: Winston Churchill's secret essay about existence of aliens revealed
• And there were many many more!

In fact, we got on the bandwagon and sought to explore what Churchill had written about LGMs (aka Little Green Men). Did he mention UFOs? Did he have conspiracies about aliens living here among us ... you know, not immigrants but ALIENS?

So, we hit the streets and pounded on doors ... well, we started searching the internet. And, while our feats of journalism — one phone call and a couple of emails — are astounding and brilliant, we'll cut to the chase. (Lots more details below.)

First, the Churchill essay in question exists in two very similar unpublished forms, both held in university archives, and in one truncated form published in a newspaper in 1942.

Churchill also stated that he saw great opportunity for space exploration. “One day, possibly in the near future, it may be possible to travel to the moon, or even to Venus or Mars,” he wrote 30 years before Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.

So, while the essay was certainly forgotten by many and the found version contains paragraphs not published, the bulk of the essay was indeed published.

Second, the 11-page essay in question does in fact ponder the questions of whether extraterrestrial life might exist, where it might exist, whether we could ever discover it or communicate with it, and whether or not we would recognize extraterrestrial organisms as life in the first place.

"Does life exist elsewhere in the Universe?—indeed a fascinating question," Churchill writes in the opening of all extant versions of the essay.

Photo: Hans Wild/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images

Given the vastness of the Universe, Churchill said it is hard to believe that humans on Earth represent something unique.

Okay, then, what the hell happened?

Timothy Riley, Chief Curator in the National Churchill Museum at Westminster College, said he discovered one version of the essay in 2014 while digging through the museum's archives looking for paintings by Churchill for a retrospective.

That version's title page reads: "'Are We Alone in the Universe?' by The Right Honorable Winston S. Churchill." He was understandably excited about it, but put it aside to complete his other work.

Winston Churchill’s essay titled “Are We Alone in the Universe?” found at the National Churchill Museum at Westminster College.

(Photo courtesy of National Churchill Museum at Westminster College)

Riley passed the copy to astrophysicist Mario Livio — lecturer and author of several books, including the upcoming book "Why?: What Makes Us Curious" published by Simon & Schuster. Riley figured this well-regarded astrophysicist could give some scientific perspective on Churchill's musings.

At that time, Riley says, he knew the essay was a slightly-edited version of a 1939 essay that had not been published, but he did not know about the shorter, though substantial, version published in 1942. He was tipped off to the fact of the published version by another Churchill scholar after Livio published his thoughts on Churchill's musings in the Journal Nature on Feb. 15.

Consequently, Livio published his essay — "Winston Churchill's essay on alien life found" — under the impression that it was an unpublished essay ... which it was ... sort of.

After noting that some viruses can be crystallized, making them hard to categorize, he decides to concentrate on “comparatively highly-organized life,” presumably multicellular life.

"Imagine my thrill that I may be the first scientist to examine this essay," Livio wrote.

His exploration of the essay was primarily about Churchill's scientific bent, reliance on scientific advisors in government and his pretty modern exploration of the prospect of extraterrestrial life.

Churchill had, Livio said, identified early on many of the prospects for life in the universe that would continue to be the focus of attention today.

"Almost 80 years later, the question that obsessed Churchill is one of the hottest topics of scientific research. Searches for signs of subsurface life on Mars are ongoing. Simulations of Venus's climate hint that it may once have been habitable. Astronomers believe that, in a few decades, we will discover some biological signatures of present or past life in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets, or at least be able to constrain its rarity," he wrote.

All living things of the type we know require water,” he wrote. Other life-sustaining liquids cannot be ruled out, he stated, but “nothing in our present knowledge entitles us to make such an assumption.”

The internet frenzy strikes again

The mass-media coverage of the story, meanwhile, very quickly hinged on the idea that this was a "lost" or "discovered" Churchill essay. Harried reporters the world over, in a state of near hysteria to keep up, spread the story like, well, an internet virus.

Riley explains in a email exchange with us: "On February 16, after the Dr. Livio's story in Nature was published, I learned from Christopher Bell, a history professor at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, about the existence of the published version of 'Are there Men on the Moon?'"

Check out Bell's blog post on the topic and read the 1942 version on the Winston Churchill Project at Hillsdale College website.

Riley added in his email:

The essay entitled "Are We Alone in the Universe?" in the National Churchill Museum archive is, with minor typographical differences and the change in title, identical to "Are We Alone in Space?" first drafted in 1939. The essay ("Space?") is in the Churchill Archive Centre in Cambridge (CHAR 8/644). It went unpublished in 1939, though notes in the Cambridge Archive seem to indicate that News of the World was the newspaper chosen to publish the essay at that time.

The essay, "Are There Men on the Moon?" was published in the Sunday Dispatch on March 8, 1942. It was later included in The Collected Essays of Sir Winston Churchill (1975).

While it is true that much of "Are There Men on the Moon?" contains the same content as the earlier "Are We Alone in Space?" and the later "Are We Alone in the Universe?" there are important differences.

Here are a few key sentences from that unpublished essay's first pages:

• One is apt to think that the most important characteristics of a living entity are that it can breed and multiply.
• There are certain curious substances called 'viruses'... The particles of which they are presumably composed are too small to be seen under the microscope, but if you keep a small amount of the virus in the proper conditions for a few days, it is found to increase in quantity.
• No one would believe that a lump of sugar or salt could be alive. Well, here we have a crystal ... we know will increase and multiply given the right environment. Is it alive or not?

Photo: Keystone, Getty Images

Churchill stated that a large fraction of extrasolar planets “will be the right size to keep on their surface water and possibly an atmosphere of some sort” and some will be “at the proper distance from their parent sun to maintain a suitable temperature”

Okay, but, did he think ETs exist?

Churchill's conclusion about the existence of alien life in all versions of the essay is that there must be. (You can find more of what he wrote on the topic in the slideshow above.)

According the reprint of the 1942 version published by the Winston Churchill Project in response to all the hubbub, Churchill's essay ends:

All we can say is that with hundreds of thousands of nebulae, each containing thousands of millions of suns, the odds are enormous that there must be immense numbers which possess planets whose circumstances would not render life impossible. If we are sufficiently self-centred and choose to deny that any of these support life, no one can prove we are wrong. But I, for one, am not so immensely impressed by the success we are making of our civilization here that I am prepared to think we are the only spot in this immense universe which contains living, thinking creatures, or that we are the highest type of mental and physical development which has ever appeared in the vast compass of space and time.

Indeed.

Photo: Galerie Bilderwelt, Getty Images

He concludes that Mars and Venus are the only places in the Solar System besides Earth that could sustain life.

Note: We messaged Livio on Facebook and Twitter (the contact info he gave on his personal website), but have not yet heard back. Here's what he told professor and author Chris Bell in a Facebook exchange about the history of the essay:

As I'm sure you understand, all I did was to compare Churchill's points to current scientific thinking. All the comments on the history of the piece have been based on the best knowledge that Tim had on the piece. It's fascinating to find out that the history is even richer.

It was for us, that's for sure.

About Churchill's intellect and scientific explorations, Riley said, "The longer you study Winston Churchill, the harder it is to be surprised, because of the breadth of his intellectual curiosity. And, we know he valued science and saw the power of science to do good, but he also warned repeatedly of the nuclear threat and that science could be devastating."

Photo: Keystone, Getty Images

He defines the most important characteristic of life as the ability to “breed and multiply.”

Jake Ellison can be reached at jakeellisonjournalism@gmail.com. Follow Jake on Twitter at twitter.com/Jake_News. Also, swing by and *LIKE* his page on Facebook. If Google Plus is your thing, check out our science coverage here.

{http://www.seattlepi.com/ }

Volcanoes Could Make Some Alien Planets Warm Enough for Life

Hydrogen-spewing volcanoes could boost the temperatures of seemingly frigid alien planets enough to maintain liquid water on their surfaces, making the worlds potentially habitable to life as we know it, a new study suggests.

If the newfound TRAPPIST-1h — the most distant of a set of seven Earth-size worlds that orbit a dwarf star just 39 light-years from Earth — boasted such volcanoes, it could be warm enough to hold onto water, study team members said.

In the past, scientists determined that the "habitable zone" — the range of distances from a star that can support liquid water on a world's surface — expands when planets have hydrogen in their atmospheres. However, because hydrogen is such a light gas, it quickly escapes to space, leaving such planets devoid of it within a few tens of millions of years. [5 Amazing Facts About the TRAPPIST-1 System (Video)]

But active volcanoes could change that, according to the new study.

"Our volcanic-hydrogen habitable zone is different, because so long as volcanism is intense enough, it can outpace the rate at which hydrogen escapes into space," lead author Ramses Ramirez, a planetary scientist at Cornell University in New York, told Space.com by email. 

Ramirez and fellow planetary scientist Lisa Kaltenegger, also at Cornell, examined how active hydrogen-rich volcanos could continue to resupply a planet with a hydrogen atmosphere. They found the activity could increase the size of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, dramatically extending the region where habitable planets might lie.

According to Ramirez, the increased volcanism "allows potentially habitable conditions for much longer geologic timescales."

Stellar temperature versus distance from the star compared to Earth for the classic habitable zone (shaded blue) and the volcanic habitable zone extension (shaded red).

Credit: R. Ramirez, Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University

Improving the odds

The hunt for signs of life on worlds beyond the solar system tends to focus on the habitable zone, because water is crucial to life as we know it. (While other evolutionary paths are possible, scientists prefer to focus on the one known to have succeeded at least once.) 

While studying possibilities for early Mars, Ramirez and Kaltenegger realized that massive outgassing of hydrogen early in the life of the Red Planet could have made for a warmer, wetter world. 

"I liked the idea enough that I decided to extend it to the habitable zone," Ramirez said.

The process works well for small planets like Mars, where internal processes would keep the mantle hydrogen-rich. When volcanoes spew lava from the mantle, they can release hydrogen and hydrogen-rich gases into the atmosphere. A hydrogen-rich atmosphere could bump out the outer edge of the habitable zone by as much as 60 percent, giving more worlds the opportunity to hold onto their life-giving water, Ramirez and Kaltenegger said.

That doesn’t mean larger worlds are out of luck. While massive super-Earths are more likely to release hydrogen-poor gases into the air, they could still have enough volcanoes spewing material to outpace the escape of hydrogen into space. Such large worlds also have gravity on their side and are more likely to boast magnetic fields, both of which slow down hydrogen's escape into space.

The exact properties of these volcanoes would depend on their home planet. A planet's mass (which affects how strongly gravity tugs at the lava) and whether it has plate tectonics play key roles in building its volcanoes. On Earth, collision and disruption of the crust through tectonics mix up the material that becomes the lava, creating a variety of chemical compositions. On Mars, where gravity is low and the crust is a single large plate, Ramirez said, volcanic material is less evolved, and the lava flows pile up to create huge volcanoes, including the largest in the solar system, Olympus Mons. [Supervolcanoes Found On Mars (Video)]

Dense hydrogen atmospheres on alien worlds could still bear a strong similarity to Earth's. That could have implications for our young planet, Ramirez said.

"One idea suggested that hydrogen gas concentrations may have been high on the early Earth," he said. (Today, hydrogen is but a trace component of Earth's atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen.) "If that hypothesis is true, early Earth may have resembled these hydrogen-rich exoplanets."

The research was published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

The hunt for life

Last week, scientists announced the discovery of the TRAPPIST-1 system, a series of seven rocky worlds, each about the same size as Earth, around a dwarf star. At least three of the worlds appear to fall within the habitable zone, assuming they have Earth-like atmospheres. 

TRAPPIST-1h, the most distant of the seven worlds, seems to be out in the cold. But if the small planet has volcanoes venting hydrogen gas, it could just make the cut for habitability, study team members said.

According to Ramirez, TRAPPIST-1h lies just outside the new volcanic hydrogen habitable zone. 

"But it is really close," he said. If volcanoes on the planet released a bit more hydrogen than the team’s models call for, it could hold onto liquid water, he added.

That could mean good news in the hunt for life. Because the TRAPPIST-1 system lies only 39 light-years from Earth, it will make a good target for studying the atmospheres of planets with observatories like NASA's $8.8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in late 2018. 

Exoplanet atmospheres are beginning to release their secrets. When a world passes between Earth and its star, the planet's atmosphere absorbs some of the light, allowing scientists to study the atmosphere's composition. 

Even if "biosignature" gases were found in a planet’s atmosphere, it could still be a challenge to determine if they were produced by living organisms or through other processes, Ramirez said. Still, just locating the signatures would be easier with volcanically active worlds, since hydrogen "puffs up" the atmosphere around a planet, creating a larger atmospheric signal that would be easier to study.

"Biosignatures would be easier to detect in these hydrogen-rich atmospheres," Ramirez said.

Follow Nola Taylor Redd on Twitter @NolaTRedd or Google+. Follow us at @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• TRAPPIST-1 is ‘Most Incredible Star System to Date’ - 5 Amazing Facts | Video
• TRAPPIST-1 System Has 7 Earth-Sized Exoplanets, 3 In Habitable Zone | Video
• 9 New Habitable Zone Planets! Huge Haul of Worlds Found By Space Telescope | Video
• 10 Exoplanets That Could Host Alien Life

{ http://www.space.com/ }

Social media goes into meltdown after someone claims the egg in a pack of Haribo Starmix is actually a UFO (so is he right?) 

• Someone has claimed that the iconic egg in the pick and mix is actually a UFO
• People took to social media in their droves to debate the news
• Some people said it was a lie whilst others claimed it was, in fact, a UFO 

By Bianca London for MailOnline

From the red hearts to the tangy cola bottles, Haribo's Starmix has long been regarded as one of the world's favourite sweet treats - the tagline is 'kids and grown-ups love it so', after all.

But one social media user has thrown everyone off by claiming that the iconic egg in the pick 'n mix is actually a UFO.

Scottish Patter shared a snap of a pack of Haribo and wrote: 'Wait guys, Haribo starmix ?? It's not an egg, it's a UFO', accompanied by some shocked emojis.

Social media has gone into meltdown after someone claimed the Haribo egg in the Starmix pack is actually a UFO

The same image has been doing the rounds on Instagram and Twitter, where shocked users fiercely debated the topic.

The picture amassed thousands of comments from users, with many claiming that there was no way the egg could be mistaken for a UFO.

The top comment read: 'Is everyone off their nut, aye. It's called Starmix, but wit does a heart, a ring, a cola bottle or a fkn bear have to do with space. It's an egg fs [sic].

Another woman agreed, adding: 'The adverts with the kids call it the eggy one so I'm not accepting this', whilst another user said: 'This is actually so untrue because they say and I quote "who's eaten all the fried eggs?" in the adverts.'

The picture amassed thousands of comments from users, with many claiming that there was no way the egg could be mistaken for a UFO

Others did, however, claim that the sweet was in fact a UFO.  One man wrote: 'They are eggs but they represent UFO's as do the cola bottles they are the rockets, the "bears" are astronauts, it's just about making it cute for kids.'

When contacted by MailOnline, a spokesperson for Haribo confirmed the truth, saying that the sweet is definitely an egg

Another woman agreed with him, explaining: 'Egg = UFO, Cola bottles = spaceship, ring = saturns rings, bear = astronaut in his outfit, heart = ok don't know this one.'

When contacted by MailOnline, a spokesperson for Haribo confirmed the truth, explaining: 'This seems to have people a little fry-ed, but we can confirm that even though they look like flying saucers, Haribo Starmix does in fact contain tasty eggs, as well as our other popular and well-known sweet pieces that have been brought together in one bag.'

Others claimed that the sweet was definitely a UFO. One man wrote: 'They are eggs but they represent UFO's as do the cola bottles they are the rockets, the 'bears' are astronauts, it's just about making it cute for kids' and many people backed him up, whilst others joked about how crushed they were by the news

{ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

Gevonden schedels in China zijn mogelijk van een nog onbekende of mysterieuze mensensoort

Archiefbeeld. FOTO: REUTERS

De gevonden schedels in China lijken nu echter een kruising van mens en Neanderthaler. “Het is een zeer belangrijke ontdekking”, aldus Katerina Harvati, expert op het vlak aan de Universiteit van Tübingen. “Zeker omdat alle menselijke fossielen die tot nu toe gevonden werden in Oost-Azië zeer partieel en daarom ook moeilijk te dateren waren.”

Het waren graafmachines die de schedels tussen 2007 en 2014 bovenhaalden in Lingjing, in de provincie Henan. Het betreft gedeeltelijke schedels, gevonden in een gebied dat 105.000 tot 125.000 jaar geleden bevolkt zou geweest zijn. Het zou gaan om schedels van goede jagers, die geoefend waren in het maken van stenen wapens. Nabij de vindplaats werden ook botten van paarden, vee, een dinosaurus en een gigantisch hert gevonden.

Nieuwe mensensoort?

De schedels werden sindsdien onderzocht door wetenschappers van de Chinese Academy of Sciences in de Washington University in St. Louis. Deze week publiceerden ze hun bevindingen in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Science. De wenkbrauwbogen en botmassa waren kleiner dan normaal bij neanderthalers en ook de vorm van de schedels leek meer op die van de eerste moderne mensen. Dit terwijl de oorkanalen en de achterkant van de schedels duidelijk gelinkt konden worden aan neanderthalers.

“Dit kan wel eens de ontdekking van een nieuwe mensensoort betekenen”, aldus Xiujie Wu, auteur van het artikel. “Eentje die tot nu toe onbekend was en in Oost-Azië leefde tot zo’n 100.000 jaar geleden.”

Andere experten denken dan weer dat het zou kunnen gaan om schedels van de ‘denisovamens’, een mysterieuze mensensoort waarvan tot nu toe enkel DNA van een vinger en een tand onderzocht werden. Die twee fossielen werden gevonden in een Siberische grot en men gaat ervan uit dat de denisovamens leefde tussen 100.000 en 50.000 jaar geleden.

Deze mensensoort deelde genetisch materiaal met zowel de moderne mens als Neanderthalers. Deze optie werd echter niet opgenomen in de studie omdat er geen genetisch materiaal gerecupereerd kon worden van de schedels.

{ http://www.nieuwsblad.be/ }

The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week

Each week we uncover the most interesting and informative articles from around the world, here are 10 of the coolest stories in science this week.

Looking for a light source

MAMMOTH-1, an enormous Lyman-alpha nebula (ELAN) found in a protocluster 10 billion light-years away. The colors and contours indicate surface brightness, and the red arrows show its estimated size.

Credit: Cai et al./Astrophysical Journal

A nebula is an interstellar cloud of gases and dust; an ELAN is a special kind of nebula, so named because it emits Lyman-alpha radiation — a particular wavelength of light emitted when the electron in a hydrogen atom drops down to its lowest energy level. The discovery of a new and rarely seen nebula 10 billion light-years away has created a cosmic mystery: What is lighting up this dusty cloud of gases? [Read more about the nebula.]

Strange sex-life

Myolaimus ibericus seen under a scanning electron microscope. Species of the genus Myolaimus are rare, and this worm is unusual in that it pumps sperm into the female genitalia without the penis-like spicules that are common in nematodes.

Credit: Joaquín Abolafia

A new worm discovered on the Iberian Peninsula is missing something: a penis.

The tiny nematode, found in a compost pile, mates without penetration. Instead, it pumps a capsule full of sperm out of an opening in its body and into a funnel-like structure on the female's vulva. From there, the sperm enter the female's reproductive tract to fertilize her eggs. [Read more about odd worm.]

To the moon

SpaceX will launch two paying passengers on a private flight around the moon in late 2018, the company's founder Elon Musk said Monday, Feb. 27, 2017. The mission would launch on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy seen here in this artist's illustration and take about five days to loop around the moon and return to Earth.

Credit: SpaceX

SpaceX will fly two private citizens on a trip around the moon in 2018, the company's founder Elon Musk announced Monday (Feb. 27).

The private spaceflight company will use its Falcon Heavy rocket to send the two paying passengers into space aboard one of the company's Dragon spacecraft. The two private citizens, who have not yet been named, approached SpaceX about taking a trip around the moon, and have "already paid a significant deposit" for the cost of the mission, according to a statement from the company. [Read more about trip.]

Red-hot center

The upper layer of Earth's mantle, labeled here as the asthenosphere, is hotter than previously thought, a new study finds.

Credit: vectortatu/Shutterstock

How hot are Earth's scorching insides? A sweltering 2,570 degrees Fahrenheit (1,410 degrees Celsius), a new study finds.

The discovery reveals that the mantle under Earth's oceans — the area just below the crust that extends down to the planet's inner liquid core — is almost 110 degrees F (60 degrees C) hotter than scientists previously thought, the researchers said. [Read more about center of the Earth.]

Childlessness condemned

A person's decision to not have children can spark "moral outrage" in others, even total strangers, a new study finds.

The study comes as more adults in the U.S. are deciding to delay having children, or to forgo having children entirely. [Read more about the odd reaction.]

In life and death

The wrapped body of Louise de Quengo, a church patron buried at the Jacobin convent in the city of Rennes in 1656. Her body was interred with her husband's preserved heart in a lead urn on top of her coffin.

Credit: © 2016 Colleter et al.

Forget roses and chocolates. Modern-day romantic gestures pale in comparison to what one Renaissance couple did after death: The wife went to her final rest with her husband's heart on her coffin. The discoveries raise questions about medieval European funerary rites, researchers from the University of Toulouse in France wrote in the study, published in December in the journal PLOS ONE. [Read more about the eternal love.]

Antarctic heat

Antartica is seeing record-breaking, spring-like temperatures.

Credit: Christopher Wood/Shutterstock

Temperatures on the Antarctic continent reached a record-breaking high of 63.5 degrees Fahrenheit (17.5 degrees Celsius) in 2015, according to a new report of balmy records for the bottom of the world.

And things got even toastier back on Jan. 30, 1982, when the thermometer peaked at 67.6 degrees F (19.8 degrees C) at Signy Research Station on Antarctica's Signy Island, according to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), a division of the United Nations. [Read more about the record.]

Ancient bones

Scientists recently found evidence of ancient lifeforms in rocks in Canada. Within these fossils were tiny tubes of a mineral called hematite, a form of iron. The researchers believe these tubes are relics of an ancient form of microbial life that lived near hydrothermal vents.

Credit: Matthew Dodd

Ancient traces of microbial life that are between 3.77 billion and 4.29 billion years old might have been unearthed in a rocky outcropping in Canada, a new study suggests. However, some scientists are casting doubt on what the findings truly mean.

If the new microfossils truly are evidence of primordial life that once sprang up in ancient hydrothermal vents, it suggests that life began on Earth soon after the planet coalesced, the study authors said. [Read more about the fossils.]

Hunting fortune

Found in a field near the town of Leek in the United Kingdom, the gold jewelry dates back sometime between 400 B.C. and 250 B.C. and could be the oldest example of gold work discovered in Britain.

Credit: copyright Staffordshire City Council

Two amateurs using metal detectors have discovered four gold torques from more than 2,000 years ago in a field near the town of Leek in central England.

The jewelry, which would have been worn as a necklace or bracelet, "dates to around 400 to 250 B.C., and is probably the earliest Iron Age goldwork ever discovered in Britain," Julia Farley, curator of British and European Iron Age collections at the British Museum in London, said in a statement.  [Read more about the link between the treasure.]

Kinky arachnids

Female spiders have paired reproductive organs, so it's possible for two males to mate with a single female at one time.

Credit: Matthew Persons

One autumn night while searching for spiders in his backyard, Matthew Persons came across something unexpected: a wolf spider ménage à trois.

The findings are the first cases on record of one female and two male wolf spiders (Rabidosa punctulata) in a three-way lovefest, a feat that's possible because the females have paired reproductive organs. But this ménage à trois wasn't purely for pleasure. [Read more about the spiders.]

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Roswell UFO ‘wasn’t aliens – it was a top-secret spacecraft built by Nazi scientists’

Rob Waugh for Metro.co.uk

Conspiracy fans have long believed that the American military found a crashed alien spacecraft in Roswell in 1947.

But a new documentary claims the strange craft could have had more earthly origins?

A documentary ‘UFOS in the Third Reich’ claimed that the incident actually happened during testing of a copper-coloured craft called ‘The Bell’.

Nigel Watson, author of UFOs: The Nazi Connection, said, ‘With these stories spread all over the Internet, and fictional films like ‘Iron Sky’ that depicts a Nazi moon base and advanced spaceships, the Nazi connection gets stronger every day despite the lonely voices of the sceptics.

‘Supporters of the idea that the flying saucers are of Nazi origin claim that they established an underground base at New Swabia, Antarctica after World War II to continue a secret world war to continue their ideological plans.

‘Ernest Zundal (under the pseudonym Mattern-Friedrich or Christof Friedrich) in his book UFOs, ‘Nazi Secret Weapon’ (Samisdat, 1975) even stated that Hitler faked his own death and escaped there to continue the war in secret. With or without Hitler, they continued to develop flying saucers and they even found an entrance to the hollow Earth. Zundal was rather cavalier about these claims, mainly because he used the interest in UFOs as a hook to put forward his neo-Nazi ideas and beliefs.’

‘From here it has been suggested that this alliance has worked with the CIA and the US ‘military-industrial complex’ to create vast underground bases at Dulce (New Mexico); Area 51 (Nevada); Camp Hero (Long Island); and Denver International Airport. Similar bases are reputed to exist in Australia and Europe.’

‘This all comes from rumours about secret Nazi projects that were used to explain the waves of UFO sightings of UFOs throughout Europe in the 1950s, and provided as an alternative to the extraterrestrial invader explanation. This context, combined with the fact that no flying saucer craft was ever successfully produced by the Nazis,indicates this is a myth that has grown over the years.’

{http://metro.co.uk/news/ }

New Image Shows Dazzling Edge of a Massive Spiral Galaxy

Cassie Kelly

When observing galaxies far, far away from Earth, it’s all about perspective. Scientists may see spiral galaxies from a face-on point-of-view and gaze closely at magnificent spiraling arms and a deep, luminous core — but it’s only two-dimensional. An angled view might show the three-dimensional shape a little better, but to really understand what’s in a galaxy, it takes seeing it from the edge.

Unfortunately, we rarely have multiple views of galaxies. Even with all of our spacecrafts drifting through the universe, we still have such a small field to work with. It’s like trying to see the other side of a bagel in China while standing in New York. You’d have to walk for ages to get to the other side of it.

So, it’s always exciting to get new images to further understand the various shapes and sizes of neighboring galaxies and ultimately, to better understand our own Milky Way. In this newly released image from the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope, we can see spiral galaxy NGC 1055 — about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus, or Sea Monster, and is believed to be 15 percent larger than the Milky Way — in all of its edgy glory.

In this edge-on view of NGC 1055, scientists are able to see what a galaxy is really made of. 

With this kind of view, scientists can see where new stars form relative to old ones, measure the lengths of the entire disc and its core, and even catch weird anomalies. In NGC 1055, there is some strange “warping,” which is evident on the upper right side where the dark galactic dust seems to be getting peeled off the galaxy like a Band-Aid. Upon closer inspection, the whole thing seems to be twisting at odd angles. Scientists believe this is because of an interaction with a nearby galaxy, in which gravity is pulling on the structure.

WHAT'S NEXT

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Nevertheless, NGC 1055 seems to be moseying through the universe quite beautifully.

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

Intruders: An Historical Perspective of Alien Abduction

For a more in-depth version of this article please read The Alien Enigma by JP Robinson.

Alien abduction stories as we understand them today only vary from historical accounts of similar experiences because of the modern concept of alien visitation. UFOs have been described in various guises throughout history along with spacemen, people from the heavens or stars, often called gods, angels or spirits. But accounts of star people coming down and taking humans from their homes and performing experiments on them, is not a commonly reported theme in the annals of recorded history. However, there are parallels to the many events described during alien abductions which exist within folklore, religion and anthropology.

Correlations between the abduction experience and shamanic experiences (including the implantation of foreign objects into the body and surgery-like procedures) or even stories of contact with fairies, suggest that modern accounts of alien abduction should be considered as part of a greater history of strange encounters.

As author Dr. Gregory L. Little wrote “there is a process that has been ongoing - probably for all of humanity's history - that manifests itself through the appearance of archetypal creatures and beings. John Keel was one of the first to recognise this. Others, including Vallee, Clark, and many British ufologists have long pointed out the resemblance between modern UFO reports and the ancient traditions. It doesn't really matter what we call the process underlying UFOs, abductions, and all of the related phenomena, but it is important to see that they all tie together.”

A 1960s report published by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research called UFOs and Related Subjects: An Annotated Bibliography, revealed the following; “Many of the UFO reports now being published in the popular press recount alleged incidents that are strikingly similar to demonic possession and psychic phenomena which has long been known to theologians and parapsychologists.”

Even astronomer Carl Sagan theorised that tales of contact with demons which are common throughout history share remarkable similarities with the alien abduction experience. He wrote “...most of the central elements of the alien abduction account are present, including sexually obsessive non-humans who live in the sky, walk through walls, communicate telepathically, and perform breeding experiments on the human species.”

In the past it was said that demons could assume any physical form in order to seduce their victims more successfully. Similarities with modern abduction stories include the fact that most victims of the demonic figures were taken unwillingly from their bedrooms at night and many of them described the presence of several different types of demon at the time of their abduction, some of whom simply stood by and watched.

Some alien abductees who have experienced sexual encounters with their abductors have described the sexual organ of the intruder as being cold as ice – in particular the insect-like creatures. The writer Vignate chronicled the trials of Artois in 1468, in which he wrote of Satan forcing sex on a victim; for the first time Satan’s sexual organ was described as being ice-cold. St. Augustine believed that people were actually being abducted by demons and forced to engage in sexual acts with them; “(Demons) have often injured women, desiring and acting carnally with them.”

 In the past, demons or goblins which were often referred to as an incubus (seeks sexual intercourse with women) or a succubus (seeks males) were not considered as a figment of people’s imagination, rather they were very much accepted as real entities. As Martin Del Rio wrote in his 1599 book Disqusitionum Magicarum, “...to disagree [with their existence] is only obstinacy and foolhardiness; for it is the universal opinion of the fathers, theologians, and writers on philosophy, the truth of which is generally acknowledges by all ages and peoples.” Ten years earlier in 1589, Peter Binsfield wrote “[the incubus] is an indisputable truth which is not only proved certain by experience, but also confirmed by history.”

The concept of crossbreeding and genetic manipulation, which many researchers have suggested is the main purpose behind the modern abduction phenomenon, had already reared its ugly head in centuries gone by. According to ancient texts, the act of collecting sperm from abducted males and impregnating female victims with the semen taken was precisely what an incubus or succubus would do in order to create hybrid offspring. The movie Rosemary’s Baby dealt with this exact scenario, as a demon impregnated Rosemary with the seed which would later be born as the spawn of Satan.

Medieval writing from this period mentions such demonic acts: “Devils do indeed collect human semen...therefore devils can transfer the semen which they have collected and inject it into the bodies of others” and “Devils in the form of women yield to males and receive their semen; by cunning skill, the demons preserve its potency, and afterwards,...they become incubi and pour it into female repositories.”

‘The Devil’s Mark’ (also referred to as ‘fairy bruising’ or ‘the witch’s teat’) features in medieval reports and describes the physical mark left upon the devil’s victims for identification. These permanent scars were believed to have been caused by the demon’s claws scratching the flesh or by the red hot kiss of the devil ‘licking’ the victim. The mark of the Devil “is imprinted on the most secret parts of the body”. Parallels can be drawn with the scars left following an alleged alien abduction, as in both instances the marks have appeared the next day after a nocturnal encounter with an intruder.

The marks left on alien abductees in modern accounts resemble those described in the past as the ‘Devil’s Mark’, “cuts or scoops on the back of the legs, arms, neck, purplish circular spots around the abdomen and genitals, and in patterns consistent with those from medieval times ascribed to witches, incubi and fairies.”

Ancient examples of ‘fairy abductions’ also share striking similarities with modern tales of alien interference. As explained in An Encyclopaedia of Fairies (Briggs, 1976), those who were taken by the fairies were almost always given a special drink described as a thick liquid previous to any sexual encounter. The victims (most commonly women) were then paralysed before they were carried (levitated or flown) away into “fairyland” which is always located nearby although it cannot be perceived under ‘normal’ conditions. The paralysis plays a central role in fairy lore as without it the abducted humans cannot enter fairyland. The word “stroke” which we associate with conditions of paralysis originated from the ancient terms “fairy-stroke” and “elf-stroke”.

Another interesting connection with fairies are the tales of will-o-the-wisps, which under modern guises could be called ‘orbs’. It was believed that fairies travelled in these circular globes of light before or after abductions took place; these days any witnesses to such phenomena would most likely refer to a moving ball of light as a UFO.

It could just be possible that whatever is being described nowadays as extraterrestrial encounters of some sort could well have been depicted in different ways throughout the ages, depending on cultural understandings of what could be responsible for such unusual activity. Just as we today may consider the concept of fairies and demons to belong in the realms of religious superstition and folklore, future humans may well look back on our explanations of alien visitors with similar derision.

{ http://www.jp-robinson.com/ }

Does Alien Life Exist?| 5 Unexplained UFO Sightings & Potential Extraterrestrial Encounters...

{ https://www.youtube.com/ }

Half Mile Alien Hovers Above Shopping Mall In Zimbabwe, March 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: March 2017

Location of sighting: Mukubu Mall, Zimbabwe 

 

Imagine a giant figure floating above you. This figure appears to be about half a mile tall with a long slender dark body. This is a very tall alien. The being is so tall they are afraid to walk for fear of hurting someone, so instead, they float above, watching the people below and their reactions. Size in this universe seems to have no limits. 

Scott C. Waring

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

V Shaped UFO Decloaks In Front Of Eyewitness In Houston, Texas, TV News Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: March 2017
Location of sighting: Houston, Texas, USA
News source: 

http://abc13.com/science/unsolved-ufo-case-bewilders-houston-investigator/1778769/

I like how seriously the TV News presents this case. Also the MUFON investigator handled it very well. UFO can materialise out of thin air...when they decloak in front of people. Its just technology, not magic. However, debunking a UFO sighting is much harder than everyone assumes. You actually need evidence, not words, to debunk a sighting. Without the evidence, the word debunk...is just a bluff in an effort to create fake news and profits to those news networks who need the money. 
Scott 

News states:
HOUSTON (KTRK) - The Mutual UFO Network in Houston reports around 80 speculated UFO sightings a year. That is excluding the ones that are seen but rather not revealed. One top UFO master, Fletcher Gray, clarifies why so a hefty portion of the sightings aren't UFOs. However, he likewise says there is one case that regardless he can't make sense of. 

Simply over the Katy territory an orange light is spotted, seen coasting around. Down beneath, tourists are persuaded it's a UFO. Dim backpedaled to Katy with Eyewitness News to research. "It's glinting as it travels during that time sky," Gray says.

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

Three UFOs Over Small Town In Colombia On Feb 20, 2017, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: February 20, 2017
Location of sighting: Municipio De Garzon Huila, Colombia

The eyewitness said he saw the three UFOs over the area. He first noticed them in the afternoon and they stayed in the area until sunset that night. He said they moved around and once zoomed together in a group, then shoot off far away from one another. In the video below, you can see a guy on a motorcycle also stopping in the road to look at the UFOs above. 
Scott C. Waring

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

UFO recorded in the sky above Garzón in Colombia 20-Feb-2017

Here’s one new footage of a bright ring-shaped object hovering in the sky above Garzón in Colombia. This was filmed on 20th February 2017.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Couple Runs Home and Locks Door After Seeing A UFO Above A Famous Beach In Cornwall

A couple left mesmerized after spotting a UFO hovering over them in the sky while on a night stroll along Portreath Beach in Cornwall.

Just a few weeks ago, two women claimed to have seen a huge UFO in Penzance that left them shocked and in awe.

Sharing their sighting in Portreath, a woman known only as Miss Couzens said they were walking along the beach when things started to get eerie. She added that they were watching the ocean when noticed that they could not hear it. She described the environment before their sighting as peaceful.

They were on the bench by the café sitting down. Then they noticed everything went silent as soon as they looked at the ocean. They started to feel eerie, and they felt like they were in a different time zone.

They looked up and saw a UFO they described as massive black boomerang object, which made them sitting frozen and staring this unknown aerial thing. As they left mesmerized by the UFO, they heard a humming sound and the UFO just disappeared.

The couple stated their sighting took place on Monday, February 20.

After their UFO sighting, Miss Couzens said that they ran from the beach, went home, and locked their doors.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

Massive UFO About The Size of Jupiter Crashes Into The Sun

Some conspiracy theorists went into a frenzy after discovering images from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, which is jointly operated by European Space Agency and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, showing an apparent UFO of about the size of Jupiter crashed into the sun.

The UFO is being described as made up of a transparent group of rings. Many believe the spacecraft collided by accident, but others suggest the extraterrestrial UFO was using the sun to refuel.
The video uploaded by Paranormal Crucible revealed that the object is about the size of the Jupiter.

After the massive object allegedly crashed into the sun, it generated a bright flash. Scientists have yet to offer an explanation for this bizarre event.

It’s not the first time conspiracy theorists discovered the so-called alien spacecraft flying near the sun’s surface. Since last year, a lot of images circulated online, which conspiracy theorists suggested showed extraterrestrial spaceships gathering near the sun and sucking solar power.

The images seem to show a white spot that is joined to the surface of the sun with a connected line.

YouTuber StreetCap1 also uploaded the video of the alleged massive UFO feeding off the solar energy.

Some UFO hunters who viewed the video think the UFO is glowing white, but it appears yellow because of the sun’s plasma. They suggest the craft is made from an unknown material that is resistant from the surface of the sun.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

20 Underwater Wonders of Our Blue Planet- PART I

Over 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water and this huge area contains some of the most amazing wonders on the planet. Shockingly, huge portions of the world’s oceans have yet to be discovered but the areas that have been explored have already provided some incredible sights; from huge shipwrecks thousands of metres deep, to enormous underwater springs that create a giant Jacuzzi effect. The planet’s oceans and lakes provide a rich selection of different treasures. The following are 20 of the greatest underwater wonders of the world.

20. Deep Sea Vents. Ecuador

Until relatively recently, the deepest depths of the ocean floor couldn’t be reached by humankind. This may go some way to explaining why it took until 1977 for the incredible deep sea vents off the coast of Ecuador, to be discovered. The hydrothermal vents were discovered to the east of the Galapagos Islands, some 2,400 metres below the surface. The vents were formed due to two tectonic plates diverging, causing sea water to shoot out at incredible speeds and high temperatures (around 400 degrees centigrade). Before the deep sea vents were discovered, it was thought that life couldn’t exist at such depths, due to the lack of sunlight. Scientists found a number of marine animals around the vents though, living off the nutrients that they expelled. These incredible underwater volcanoes really are one of the underwater wonders of the world.

19. The Great Barrier Reef. Australia

The Great Barrier Reef is not only the world’s largest coral reef system, it is also the world’s largest single structure made by living organisms. The reef is located off the northeast coast of Australia and is so large it can even be seen from space! The area stretches an incredible 1,400 miles (2,300km) and is made from millions of tiny living organisms, known as coral polyps. The reef also supports a huge variety of different marine species; from whales, sharks and dolphins, to turtles, stingrays, sea horses and millions of different species of fish. The area is unsurprisingly an incredibly popular location for scuba diving and was even named by CNN as one of the “Seven natural wonders of the world.

18. Cleopatra’s Heracleion. Egypt

It was thought that the ancient Egyptian city of Heracleion had been lost forever when it sank into the sea over 1,500 years ago, but in 2000 the first remains of the city were discovered off the coast of Alexandria in Egypt. French archeologist, Dr Franck Goddio, came across the underwater archaeological site and, following further investigation, divers discovered sphinxes, statues, columns, temples and even the foundations of a palace that may have belonged to Cleopatra herself! Further investigations also unearthed coins and other everyday objects, as well as a number of ships, suggesting that the site was indeed the location of the 8th century BC city. Many of the objects recovered from the sea floor were also still in excellent condition, making the discovery even more incredible!

17. Lake Baikal. Russia

It is little surprise that Lake Baikal has made it on to this list and there are a many number of reasons why it is one of the underwater wonders of the world. The lake is located in the south of Siberia and is believed to be the oldest lake in the world, estimated at around 25 million years old. Baikal is also the world’s largest freshwater lake and contains an incredible 20% of the planet’s unfrozen freshwater. It is also the deepest freshwater lake in the world and is one of the clearest lakes on the planet. If that wasn’t impressive enough, Baikal also contains around 1,700 different species of animals and plants, of which two thirds of these (around 5,650) cannot be found anywhere else on the planet! The lake’s location also means it experiences a huge temperature change between the summer and winter months and spends much of the winter in a crystalized, frozen state. A truly spectacular sight!

16. The Yongala Shipwreck. Australia

Many ships have been lost to the deep depths of the ocean, but one of the most incredible wreck dives in the world can be found off the coast of Queensland in Australia. The Yongala was a steel passenger and freight steamer that sank in 1911, after being hit by a cyclone, which killed all 122 people on board, as well as a racehorse and a bull. The ship had no telegraph facilities onboard, so could not be warned of the terrible weather ahead. The remains of the ship were not discovered until 1958, but the wreck is now a popular location for scuba divers. The Yongala is one of the most popular shipwreck dives in the world, with the chance of seeing bull and tiger sharks, manta rays, octopuses and turtles, as well as the beautiful coral that adorns the side of the boat.

15. Jellyfish Lake. Palau

If you want to experience the truly exotic, then Jellyfish Lake in Palau should not disappoint. The lake is located on the island of Eil Malk, which is part of the Rock Islands in Palau’s Southern Lagoon. The secluded lake is connected to the ocean through small tunnels in the ancient Miocene reef and is home to a huge army of golden jellyfish that migrate across the water on a daily basis. The lake is also open to tourists, who have the opportunity to snorkel with the jellyfish for a $100 pass. Although the jellyfish do contain stinging cells, they are very weak and not powerful enough to cause serious damage to human skin. Jellyfish Lake is a truly unique location and undoubtedly one of the underwater wonders of the world.

14. Dean’s Blue Hole. Bahamas

A blue hole is the term used for a sinkhole that has an entrance under the surface of the water, with many of these holes opening up into underwater caverns. Dean’s Blue Hole in the Bahamas is the deepest ocean sinkhole in the world. The popular dive site has a diameter of around 25-35 metres at the entrance and opens up into an incredible 100m wide cavern below. The cavern plunges to a breathtaking depth of 202 metres (663ft) and is easily the deepest ocean blue hole in the world. When you consider that the maximum known depth of other ocean sink holes is around 110 metres, you realise just how unique and large the Dean’s Blue Hole is.

13. Chuuk Lagoon. Micronesia

12. Douglas Dakota DC-3. Turkey

20 Underwater Wonders of Our Blue Planet- PART II

8. Cocos Island. Costa Rica

The waters off Cocos Island in Costa Rica are a scuba divers dream and they are rich with a variety of marine life. The deep waters that surround the island, some 340 miles from the coast of Costa Rica, are teeming with rays, dolphins, turtles and, most impressively, large schools of sharks. The coral reef that surrounds the island attracts a large variety of wildlife, which in turn, makes the waters the ideal hunting ground for sharks. Cocos Island, also known as ‘Shark Island,’ is home to Whitetip reef sharks, whale sharks and hammerheads. The scalloped hammerhead shark is the most common visitor to the island’s shores and, during the wet season (June- Oct), schools of hundreds of hammerheads can be seen in the waters. A truly spectacular sight and undoubtedly one of the underwater wonders of the world.

7. The Northern Red Sea. Between Asia and Africa

The Northern Red Sea has been described as “the underwater Garden of Eden” and it is easy to see why. The stretch of water between Asia and Africa is home to some of the most beautiful coral reefs in the world and some of the most exotically coloured fish. The Northern Red Sea covers 169,000 square miles and is home to over 70 species of hard coral, 30 species of soft coral and more than 500 different species of fish. The area is a hugely popular site with scuba divers, who are attracted by the chance of diving in the warm tropical waters, witnessing the beautifully coloured coral reefs and spectacular assortment of exotic fish.

6. Battle of the Egadi Islands. Sicily

In November 2013, one of the most incredible underwater discoveries was found off the coast of Sicily. The remains of battering rams, helmets, armour and weapons were recovered from the sea floor, believing to date back to a naval battle that took place over 2,000 years earlier. The artefacts are thought to be from the Battle of the Egadi Islands, which took place in 241 BC. It was part of the Punic War, between the Romans and the Carthaginians, which lasted 20 years and was the beginning of the Roman’s european wide domination. It was believed that 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk in the fighting and their remains stayed at the bottom of the ocean for over 2,000 years!

5. Mauna Kea. Hawaii

Although Mount Everest may be the highest mountain on land, it pales in comparison to Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The peak of Mauna Kea is the highest point above land in Hawaii but much of the dormant volcano actually sits below sea level. Measured from its oceanic base, the tip of Mauna Kea would actually measure 10,100m, much more than the height of Mount Everest and officially the highest mountain in the world! The volcano is estimated to be around one million years old and is without doubt one of the underwater (and overwater) wonders of the world.

4. Bronze Age Sewn Boat. Croatia

In March 2014 one of the oldest boats ever constructed was found at the bottom of Zambratija Cove, in Croatia. Marine archaeologist, Giulia Boetto discovered the Bronze Age sewn boat, which dated all the way back to 1,200 BC. The vessel was a type of wooden boat that was sewn together using rope, roots and willow branches. The relic measured 7 metres in length and 2.5 metres in width and was still in remarkable condition, with some stitching still visible. A remarkable achievement, especially considering it.

3. Underwater Ruins. Japan

One of the most hotly debated underwater discoveries dates back to 1995 and is still producing differing theories today. A wayward diver stumbled across the ancient ruin site off the southern coast of Yonaguni, Japan. The site appeared to show huge stone blocks cut into the shape of stairs, paved streets and crossroads. The discovery is estimated to be around 10,000 years old, with many scientists believing it to be the remains of an ancient sunken city. Not everyone agrees though and some experts believe the large blocks are naturally formed and the result of tectonic movement. Whatever the answer may be, it is undoubtedly one of the greatest underwater wonders of the world.

2. Hot Springs. Iceland

Iceland sits on highly geologically active ground and has a number of active volcanoes. This volcanic ground also provides one of the country’s most famous attractions, hot springs. There are a number of natural hot springs in Iceland where both natives and tourists go for a dip in the warm volcanic water. This water is geothermally heated by the volcanic rocks below and warmed to temperatures between 37-39 degrees centigrade. The springs not only provide a pleasant place for people to take a dip, the water is also thought to obtain natural healing abilities, soothing aches and pains as well as helping with many different skin conditions.

1. The Dead Sea. Jordan

The Dead Sea may not have the nicest of names but the location is a truly spectacular sight. The Dead Sea is actually a salt lake and borders Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. The shores of the Dead Sea lie 423 metres below sea level, making it the world’s lowest elevation on land. The lake is also one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world and has a 34.2% salinity, that’s 9.6 times saltier than the sea! This high salt count means there is very little marine life that can survive in the water, hence the name “Dead” Sea. The high salinity also means that swimming in the lake is more like floating and many visitors travel here every year to test out the waters. The Dead Sea was also one of the world’s first health resorts, used by Herod the Great over 2,000 years ago, and is still used for its health benefits today, due to the high nutrients and mineral content in the water.

Source www.earthtripper.com

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

5,000-YEAR-OLD EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS FOUND IN AUSTRALIA PROVE HISTORY IS WRONG

History is thrown into turmoil as 5,000-year-old Egyptian hieroglyphs are found in Australia. Either plate tectonics have shifted so drastically over the last 5,000 years, or what we knew of the ancient Egyptians may be severely lacking. Either way, it seems that history has been giving the wrong story.

5,000 YEAR OLD EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHS IN AUSTRALIA

What is even more disturbing is that this has not been the first discovery that debunked current historical records, and that the records seem to need a severe overhaul.

EGYPTIANS TRAVELLED THE WORLD BEFORE CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS OR ZHENG HE

There are of course die-hard sceptics who would never acknowledge the fact that 5,000-year-old Egyptian hieroglyphs were indeed discovered in Australia. It would not be foolish to think so as current historical records does indeed suggest that the Egyptians do not have the capability for trans-continental oceanic voyages.

Thus, it may come as a shock to many to discover that ancient Egyptians may have contact with ancient American civilisations. The discovery was made back in 1992 when a German scientist was performing a series of tests on some very old Egyptian mummies. Test results revealed traces of hashish, tobacco, and cocaine lodged within the hair, skin and bones of the mummies. This may even suggest that the ancient Egyptians knew about the uses of these plants way before anyone else did.

Tobacco and cocaine grew only in the continent which makes up modern America. The question is, how did any of these plants arrive in ancient Egypt long before any Europeans discovered the Americas.

These discoveries are groundbreaking, as they evidently point out that the ancient Egyptians did have the capability for transoceanic travel. This not only means that our current recorded history may be wrong, but also the possibility that there could be other ancient cultures that have developed the capability for long-range sea travel, or even developed other forms of technology or capabilities that we may not be aware of in the history texts.

THE GOSFORD GLYPHS

Upon studying the ancient hieroglyphics, many researchers believe in the authenticity of the glyphs. The glyphs also use a form of ancient Egyptian sentence and grammatical structuring that were only recently discovered.

The glyphs are located within the compounds of the Brisbane Water National Park, Kariong. These hieroglyphic texts could shatter publicly known history and rewrite thousands of historical records.

Known as the Gosford Glyphs, they were actually discovered in the early 1900s, and the roughly 250 stone carvings have been an integral part of the local culture and folklore for about a century.

The writing style of the glyphs is what makes them so unique. They appear to be extremely ancient and used an archaic form of sentence and word structuring that was only used in very early Egyptian dynasties. In fact, the Gosford Glyphs were used so way back that very little records exist, thus attempts to study them have yielded little progress. Most Egyptologists do not even have the ability or knowledge to translate these glyphs.

---

Written by Magnuson

Via  Disclose.tv

{http://warrioressence.com/}

NASA’s Hubble Telescope Kept Its Camera Pointed Here For 4 Months. You WON’T BELIEVE What It Found…

SOMETIMES WE NEED TO LOOK AT LIFE FROM A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE.

NOW WATCH THIS VIDEO…

We are all part of something much greater. We are in the universe as much as the universe is in us.

{ http://simplecapacity.com/ }

NOBEL PRIZE WINNING CO-DISCOVERER OF DNA SAYS OUR GENES WERE BROUGHT HERE BY EXTRATERRESTRIALS

Schokkend! NASA geeft toe: Voyager is gehackt door Aliens? (Video)

Door Kraven

Ik heb me vaak afgevraagd over het waarom van de Voyager sonde stillegging en deze video vat de meeste van onze zorgen hierover samen. Toen het zichzelf uitschakelde, dachten velen van ons opeens terug aan de Star Trek 1979 film waar V’ger terugkeerde na het maken van contact met buitenaardse wezens. Laten we hopen dat er niets zoals dat gebeurt, maar als dat zo is, zullen we hopelijk klaar zijn om ermee te communiceren als Voyager terugkeert en ervan leren over de uitheemse soorten die gevonden zijn.

– Scott C. Waring

De omschrijving bij de video luidt als volgt:

Schokkend!!! NASA geeft toe: VOYAGER is gehackt door aliens!

2016, NASA geeft toe: Iemand nam de controle over van onze ruimtevaartuigen, we ontvingen berichten in een onbekende taal via de Space probe “Voyager 2” die tijdens zijn reis door de ruimte een bericht naar de basis op de Aarde stuurde in een vrij onbegrijpelijke taal.

NASA na meer dan zes jaar wisten ze niet de reden, maar ze weten wel dat het geen toeval kan zijn. “Voyager 2” is het eerste ruimtevaartuig om het zonnestelsel te verlaten in 2010 en het was in de momenten dat het ruimtevaartuig de interstellaire ruimte betrad dat er iets vreemds gebeurde waardoor NASA concludeerde dat “iemand of iets” de controle had overgenomen. “Op een afstand van ongeveer 15 miljard kilometer van de aarde, begon de sonde plotseling met het versturen van gegevens in een taal die ze nooit konden begrijpen,” zei NASA expert Kevin Baines, tegen Physics Astronomy. ‘Iets of iemand veranderde het communicatiesysteem van de ruimtesonde Voyager 2, “voegde Baines toe.

{http://worldunity.me/ }

Australische wetenschapper: “Bewijs voor link tussen graancirkels en tijdreizen”

Door Kraven 

Een Australische wetenschapper die jarenlang onderzoek heeft gedaan naar graancirkels, met name in Groot-Brittannië, is tot een opmerkelijke conclusie gekomen.

Dr. Horace Drew stelt dat graancirkels het werk zijn van tijdreizigers.

Drew werkte 23 jaar als moleculair bioloog voor het CSIRO, het belangrijkste wetenschappelijke instituut van Australië.

Olie

Hij claimt in 1965 een buitenaards vaartuig te hebben waargenomen in Florida, waarna hij zich besloot te richten op wetenschappelijk onderzoek.

Hij zegt dat buitenaardse technologie kan worden gebruikt om allerlei problemen op aarde op te lossen.

“We leven in een wereld die afhankelijk is van olie,” vertelde hij aan de Australische Daily Telegraph. “Die olie beschadigt onze planeet.”

Geheim gehouden

“Niet-vervuilende buitenaardse technologie die deze problemen kan oplossen wordt geheim gehouden,” vervolgde hij.

De moleculair bioloog wil het UFO-fenomeen op een wetenschappelijke manier gaan benaderen.

Volgens hem is er bewijs dat graancirkels kunnen worden gelinkt aan tijdreizen. “Er is overvloedig bewijs voor graancirkels.”

Ontstaan

“Ik ben zeven keer afgereisd naar plekken in Groot-Brittannië waar bewijs kan worden gevonden voor de manier waarop graancirkels zijn ontstaan,” legde hij uit.

Dr. Drew roept mensen op te kijken naar het bewijs en op basis daarvan hun eigen conclusies te trekken.

Hij gaf onderstaande lezing op 3 september vorig jaar in Nieuw-Zuid-Wales:

[Daily Telegraph]

{ http://worldunity.me/ }

NASA Seeks Payload Ideas for Mystery Satellite

The Intelsat 603 satellite during a 1992 shuttle repair mission. That satellite is based on a bus similar to one that an unnamed government agency, perhaps the NRO, is offering to NASA.

Credit: NASA

WASHINGTON — NASA is soliciting concepts for payloads that could fly on a mysterious satellite it is in discussions to inherit from another government agency.

NASA issued a request for information (RFI) Feb. 15 for a proposed spacecraft called the NASA Science/Technology Platform Satellite, or NSTP-Sat. The RFI was the first time NASA had publicly discussed such a mission.

The RFI, issued by NASA's science mission directorate, solicits ideas for payloads, including remote sensing instruments and technology demonstrations, which could fly on the spacecraft. The RFI offered few details about the proposed mission, noting NSTP-Sat could fly "to low Earth orbit, geostationary equatorial orbit, medium Earth orbit, Earth-Moon L1, or lunar orbit in the 2021 timeframe."

The RFI, which remains open until March 17, seeks ideas for how this spacecraft could be used to meet NASA's science and technology development goals. The RFI states that NASA will use the responses to determine "whether there are science opportunities for new uses of this spacecraft" and "whether a solicitation for proposals is warranted to enable such opportunities." [Satellite Quiz: What's Up There?]

The RFI offered few details about the spacecraft itself. "The NSTP-Sat is a spacecraft platform that has become available to NASA as excess Government property through an interagency agreement," it stated. It added the spacecraft was a "Boeing GEO spinner bus" that could launch on an EELV-class rocket or as a secondary payload on a Space Launch System mission.

NASA and other organizations involved with NSTP-Sat have been reticent to provide additional details about how NASA gained access to the satellite bus. Alan Zide, a program executive in NASA's heliophysics division and the point of contact listed in the RFI, did not respond to email messages with questions about the satellite.

A diagram of the satellite bus being offered to NASA from the NASA RFI issued in February.

Credit: NASA

NASA spokesman Dwayne Brown said March 1 that NASA is in discussions with the U.S. Air Force to obtain the bus. "NASA and the U.S. Air Force (USAF) are in discussions concerning the transfer of a satellite bus that the USAF has determined does not meet current or projected Air Force mission requirements," he said.

U.S. Air Force spokeswoman Capt. AnnMarie Annicelli said March 2 she was not familiar with the satellite and was looking into it, but has not provided any additional information. When asked who the original customer was for this Boeing-built satellite, Addrian Brooks, a spokesman for Boeing Network and Space Systems, said March 2 that the company was "unable to disclose this information."

Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics who specializes in space history, notes the dimensions for the satellite provided in the RFI are consistent with two versions of satellites built by Hughes Space and Communications. One, the HS-389, was used for the Intelsat 6 series of satellites, while the HS-393 was sold to other commercial customers. Those satellites were built and launched in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Boeing acquired Hughes Space and Communications in 2000.

The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), he noted, is thought to have used the same bus for a series of data relay satellites operating under the code name QUASAR, also known as the Satellite Data System (SDS). Four such satellites launched from 1989 through 1996.

Spin-stabilized satellites have fallen out of favor, having been replaced by three-axis stabilized satellites. The last Boeing-built commercial spin-stabilized satellite, a Boeing 376 spacecraft called e-BIRD, launched in 2003.

McDowell said a later generation of QUASAR satellites, launched from 1998 to as recently as 2014, were also assumed to be three-axis stabilized. However, he noted there’s little known about this series of satellites, leaving open the possibility it also used the same bus as the earlier spacecraft.

"It's possible that some other NRO program also used this bus, but QUASAR/SDS is definitely the most likely," he said in a March 3 email.

If the satellite in question is indeed from the NRO, it would not be the first time NASA inherited spare hardware from that intelligence agency. In 2012, NASA announced it was taking possession of two 2.4-meter mirror assemblies from the NRO. The mirrors were reportedly built for NRO's Future Imagery Architecture program, and became surplus when the NRO cancelled the optical portion of that program in the mid-2000s.

NASA, after taking possession of the mirrors, solicited ideas from the scientific community on how to use what it called Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets. NASA decided to use one of the mirrors for the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), which originally planned to build a much smaller mirror. WFIRST is planned for launch in the mid-2020s.

Phillip Swarts contributed to this story.

This story was provided by SpaceNews, dedicated to covering all aspects of the space industry.

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Weather satellite captured disc-shaped UFO floating above a cloud formation

An image taken by the weather satellite GOES-16 on March 2, 2017 apparently shows a huge disc-shaped UFO floating above clouds somewhere in between Russia and Italy.

Myunhauzen74 who discovered the object points to a shadow on the clouds which indicates that the object is moving above the clouds.

Although the object resembles a UFO we should also consider whether it might be a rare rock formation or a tall circular building rising from the clouds.

Any idea what the object could be?

Link to an image from the satellite:

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.be/ }

Ancient VIMANA UFO revelations and the ten million year old secret!

Dark Journalist Daniel Liszt interviews the influential author of Forbidden Archaeology Michael Cremo on his controversial research into the dating of human origin, ancient civilizations and the potential widespread impact of Extraterrestrial cultures on human development.

Cremo's diligent investigation into the subject of Prehistory turned up a series of anomalies that strongly suggest a much older date for the advent of humanity, including finely manufactured spheres uncovered in South Africa that date all the way back to a staggering two billion years!

Scientific Cover-Up.

Cremo strongly disagrees with mainstream scientific and archaeological assertions that human beings got their primitive start as cave dwellers around 200,000 B.C. and have only had relatively high culture for six thousand years.

He has catalogued shocking artifacts and physical evidence for over two decades that show not only was there an advanced pre-diluvian culture that existed far before recorded history, but that it was predated by 10 million years by the legacy of a sophisticated human society.

He sees a massive cover up in scientific circles as their focus has steadily moved towards a limited scientific materialism in the last two hundred years.

The UFO Enigma and Ancient Sanskrit Accounts of Vimanas.

Cremo has pieced together from early Sanskrit accounts the devastating impact of a high tech flying machine that existed in antiquity called a 'Vimana' by the ancients.

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

This man claims he can summon ALIENS: Watch as 'two UFOs appear before him'

TWO alien space crafts allegedly appeared in the sky after being summoned by a group led by one of the world's most well-known UFO investigators, it is shockingly claimed in a video.

George W. Bush finally opens up about classified UFO files

FORMER US President George W. Bush was quizzed about the White House’s top secret UFO files while appearing on a talk show.

By Henry Holloway 

Bush was put on the spot by television host Jimmy Kimmel who questioned him about the “secret file UFO documents”.

Kimmel asked whether Bush had gone through the classified documents while president – saying “it would be the first thing I would do”.

The 43rd President of the United States remained coy – and did not give much away while being pressed yesterday on Jimmy Kimmel Live.

• 

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“I'm not telling you nothing”

George W. Bush

Bush – who was president from 2000 to 2008 – simply replied “maybe” when asked about whether he looked at the documents.

He then repeatedly said he would not give anything away, even “when he is 90” – and suggested he would take the secrets to the grave.

Kimmel asked Bush whether he would tell him what was in the files, and he said “no”.

GETTY

GETTY

Kimmel said: "Now that you're out of office you can do anything you want, right?”

And Bush replied: “True. But I am not telling you. I’m not telling you nothing.”

Alien enthusiasts have called on the White House to reveal the top secret UFO files, including Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell.

Bush said his “daughters asked the very same question” about revealing the UFO secrets of the White House.

Declassified UFO files reveal CIA contractors claimed to have had contact with aliens, according to transcripts from experiments using “psychics”.

UFO hunters have repeatedly accused NASA of an alien coverup – pointing to mysterious “cuts” in the ISS feed while strange objects loomed into view.

• ‘Aliens took my eggs to create human HYBRIDS’ Woman abducted reveals shock UFO encounter
• ‘UFOs are REAL’ Prime Minister's calls for alien probe REVEALED in secret files
• Lost chamber in King Tut’s tomb to be OPENED revealing secret hidden for 3,300 years
• Skeleton of ‘GIANT’ uncovered along with huge 2,500-year-old treasure haul
• NASA reveals killer ASTEROID screamed over Earth ’20 times closer than the Moon’

{ http://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

‘Alien cosmic rays’ battering Earth – and scientists CANNOT work out why

COSMIC rays beaming towards Earth have left scientists baffled as they are still cannot pinpoint their origin after seven years of study.

Space exploration is back no the table as last month NASA unveiled the discovery of “three Earths” in a distant solar system.

The hunt for life on other planets continues as the White House pledges to send mission to Mars and back to the Moon.

Mysteries surrounding “Planet X” also could be solved after scientists revealed a pair of unusual asteroids could hold the key to the rumoured ninth planet.

• UFO spotted menacing Manchester: 'There is no explanation – I know what I saw'
• REVEALED: Winston Churchill’s ALIEN obsession as PM said 'we are NOT alone'
• Life on Mars? Alien mystery on Red Planet could be solved by 'gushing salty brine'
• Astronauts will walk on 'DISTANT WORLDS' within next 10 YEARS pledges US
• Shock discovery as LOST species of HUMANS from 100,000 years ago uncovered

{ http://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

Stephen Hawking: Alien Contact Could Be Risky

{ http://abcnews.go.com/ }

Ovnis : un Sherlock Holmes brise les rêves des "croyants" avec un logiciel

François Louange est ingénieur de formation et spécialiste de l'analyse des images. En collaboration avec le Cnes, il a développé un logiciel pour enquêter sur les phénomènes inexpliqués. Les pieds sur terre.

Une chasseuse d'orages filme le ciel bourré d'éclairs, sur le flanc de la colline du Fort de Six-Fours-les-Plages (Var). Vers 18 heures, le 3 février, en rentrant chez elle, la jeune femme découvre une image furtive. Un flash rectiligne fend le ciel électrique, puis rebondit comme un vulgaire galet (à environ 0'11" dans la vidéo ci-dessous). Coloration rouge. Un tiers de seconde au total. "Mais quel est cet étrange phénomène ?", s'interroge le quotidien Nice-Matin. Fox Mulder étant indisponible, voici une enquête pour François "Sherlock" Louange, ingénieur à la retraite, spécialiste de l'analyse d'images.

Une foule de paramètres pour "interroger" l'image

Direction Le Fresne, un village normand situé à 950 kilomètres de là. Peluche à l'effigie d'ET, lampe en forme de soucoupe... "Ma fille me bombarde de ces trucs pour me chambrer", sourit François Louange, face à deux écrans. Fasciné par les ovnis – ou Pan ("phénomène aérospatial non identifié") – ce scientifique a développé Ipaco, un logiciel d'analyse photo et vidéo. Consultant pour la Défense, puis pour le groupe d'observation dédié aux Pan – rattaché au Cnes – le retraité poursuit sa quête, depuis son bureau de l'Eure. Déjà, l'ingénieur affûte ses hypothèses.

Méthodique et volubile, François Louange joue sur la vidéo avec les contours, l'orientation... Ce qu'il nomme "les conditions de visualisation". Il peut également extraire des séries de trames pour examiner davantage les images. "Je superpose les sept trames où le flash est visible, et je règle la brillance et le contraste. Là, on dirait que 'ça tape' loin, dans la mer ou sur le sol." L'image est sombre. François Louange cale l'image au moment d'un éclair, pour distinguer le paysage et localiser précisément le site sur Google Earth.

Il décortique également la technique. La scène est tournée avec un iPhone 5C, un modèle déjà enregistré dans la base de données d'Ipaco. François Louange connaît donc la longueur focale, 33 mm. En traçant des segments à la souris sur l'image, il procède à des mesures angulaires des objets, c'est-à-dire un rapport entre la taille et la distance. Ce qui lui permet de connaître la vitesse potentielle de ceux-ci.

Chaque hypothèse est patiemment examinée

L'ingénieur tente de comprendre l'origine du phénomène lumineux. Première option : un trucage vidéo. "Cela consiste à inscruster des objets ou des traces. Il y a des outils vidéo pour le faire sans problème." Mais, dans cet exemple, François Louange écarte l'hypothèse – "j'ai fouillé les structures de pixels, les métadonnées... Ce n'est pas trafiqué". Son logiciel, prolongement d'Ocapi, qu'il a lui-même développé pour l'armée dans les années 1980, permet de lire les balises suspectes sur les photos et de déceler d'éventuelles retouches.

François Louange poursuit les hypothèses. Une météorite ? Les réseaux de détection Fripon et Boam n'ont rien enregistré ce jour-là. "Et puis, leur chute n'est pas autant en biais, à l'approche du sol", ajoute François Louange. Quoi d'autre alors ? Une balle traçante ? "Il y a un fort militaire derrière, mais ce ne sont pas des forcenés ! Ces projectiles atteignent 900km/h. D'après la mesure angulaire, la balle serait alors passée à 50 mètres de la photographe", or elle n'a rien entendu. Foudre en boule ? "J'ai contacté un spécialiste de la question, Raymond Piccoli, qui est catégorique". Des cendres incandescentes provenant d'une cigarette ? "La fille était seule."

Un vol de nuit à tire-d'aile

Les chasseurs d'orages filment dans l'obscurité : il suffit d'une faible lumière pour qu'un objet apparaisse très constrasté. "C'est de l'optique adaptative, l'histogramme s'adapte au noir." Deux projecteurs installés sur le fort militaire de Six-Fours, justement, se trouvent dans le dos de la photographe. Et pourquoi pas un insecte ? Type de vol, fréquence du battement des ailes, taille, vitesse… François Louange et son coéquipier Antoine Cousyn ont fini par trouver le suspect le plus plausible : le sphinx colibri. Ses caractéristiques de vol ? "Une vitesse de 50 km/h, des lignes droites sur des périodes supérieures ou égales au quart de seconde..."

La mesure angulaire est appliquée à la taille du papillon, 4 centimètres. D'après les calculs de l'ingénieur, l'insecte se trouverait donc à trois mètres de distance de la caméra, avec un vol à environ 53 km/h. Cohérent. Par ailleurs, l'alternance de rouge et d'ombre sur les images correspond, en fréquence et en couleur, au battement des ailes, qui laisse deviner une tache rouge caractéristique de l'insecte. Un papillon de lumière sous les projecteurs, donc, pour paraphraser la chanteuse Cindy Sanders. Après un jour et demi de travail, le dossier a été classé "B" : "probablement expliqué".

Quand c'est flou, il y a... parfois une poussière

Analyse quantitative de l'image, reflets optiques... Sans décrocher les yeux de l'écran, François Louange détaille ses nombreuses méthodes de résolution et prend un autre exemple résolu en 2007, qui s'appuie, cette fois, sur les lois de la diffusion atmosphérique.

Un objet noir apparaît noir quand il est proche, mais gris foncé, puis gris clair, quand il est distant. François Louange mesure donc le pixel le plus sombre de l'ovni (valeur 25 ; 0 est le noir absolu), situé en haut à gauche de cette image prise lors d'un rassemblement de montgolfières. La valeur est de 14 pour l'aéronef de droite (marqué d'un S rouge), 35 pour celui le plus à gauche (multicolore). L'objet se trouve donc à mi-distance.

Grâce à la mesure angulaire et au diamètre (15 mètres) des montgolfières, il calcule leur éloignement et déduit celui de l'ovni : environ 300 mètres et 80 cm de long. Quelques semaines plus tard, après un témoignage, le scientifique est conforté dans ses conclusions : ce jour-là, un enfant avait laissé s'envoler un gros ballon de baudruche dans le ciel.

Ainsi, François Louange reçoit des demandes variées. "Les gens, en majorité, sont incapables d'évaluer les distances, les durées, les détails… Même de bonne foi." L'armée chilienne l'a même contacté, après avoir observé un phénomène étrange, en novembre 2014. François Louange a conclu à la présence d'un avion en phase d'atterrissage. Une conclusion sans doute prosaïque pour le Comité de Estudios de Fenómenos Aéreos Anómalos (CEFAA), qui a boudé cette étude.

En attendant, les logiciels photo et les appareils numériques font bondir les faux témoignages d'ovni. "C'est comme le dopage dans le sport : les dopés ont une longueur d'avance." Un nouveau logiciel serait même capable d'effacer toutes les métadonnées des images – "Mais j'ai la parade", assure François Louange.

La Lune, les insectes, les avions sont souvent pris pour des ovnis, quand ce n'est pas la prise de vues elle-même qui pose problème. "Un objet net se trouve dans la profondeur de champ. S'il est flou, c'est qu'il est en deça (ou au-delà, mais c'est rare avec le numérique), explique François Louange. Cela arrive avec des poussières, parfois prises à tort pour des orbes [cercles lumineux paranormaux] ou je ne sais quoi."

L'ingénieur a aussi développé un outil pour faire un sort aux lanternes volantes, de plus en plus à la mode lors des mariages. Ces ballons à air chaud, semblables à de petites montgolfières, stimulent décidément l'imagination des témoins. "On est submergé par ces témoignages !", soupire François Louange. Du menu fretin.

"Pour certains 'croyants', un substitut de religion"

Toutes ces enquêtes lui valent parfois de solides inimitiés. "Vous savez, je suis mort si je vais à Mac Minville", plaisante l'ingénieur. Célèbre dans le monde entier depuis la diffusion d'un cliché en 1950 montrant ce qui pourrait ressembler à une soucoupe volante, cette petite ville américaine voue toujours un culte aux ovnis. Sauf que François Louange soutient que l'objet en question est suspendu par un fil, invisible à l'image.

"Un type m'a même menacé de procès pour atteinte à la mémoire des témoins", après une étude sur un autre cas signalé en 1952 au lac Chauvet (Puy-de-Dôme).

Certaines personnes sont dans une telle projection, une telle réalisation de soi, qu'elles ne peuvent pas accepter de retomber sur terre. C'est vous qui passez pour un menteur. Une majorité des gens qui s'intéressent aux ovnis le font par croyance ou substitut de religion.

François Louange

à franceinfo

Parfois, François Louange tend lui-même le bâton pour se faire battre. En 2013, il est l'invité d'honneur du Mufon, un congrès ufologique à la rigueur très relative. "J'ai servi de caution scientifique, je le sais bien. Les conférences ont viré sur les reptiliens et les corps d'extraterrestres, des conneries quoi. J'ai arrêté de les suivre." Rebelote à Sofia (Bulgarie), où un astronome "croyant" rêve d'une structure officielle, à la manière du Geipan(groupe d'étude des phénomènes aérospatiaux non identifiés) français. "Les débats allaient très loin dans le psychique, le métapsychique [il siffle] : presque des sectes."

François Louange consulte peu les forums d'ufologie – "les croyants y sont très costauds, sous couvert d'anonymat". Mais l'ingénieur dénonce également l'autre pôle, celui des "débunkers", dont l'objectif serait de contrer, coûte que coûte, les superstitions des "croyants". "Il y a des milliers de témoignages et d'enregistrements dans l'atmosphère qu'on n'explique pas. Ce qui me motive, c'est de trouver des explications". Et tant mieux si ces enquêtes lui procurent tant de "satisfaction intellectuelle".

"Il faut un service officiel sur ces questions"

Toute sa vie, François Louange a milité pour la création d'une structure officielle dédiée à ces questions. Spécificité française, le Geipan est créé en 1977. Le Service d'expertise des phénomènes de rentrée atmosphérique (Sepra) lui succède en 1988, mais bat de l'aile. En 2000, François Louange est chargé d'un audit sur ce service rattaché au Centre national d'études spatiales. "Il y a d'abord une raison scientifique : expliquer ces phénomènes. Et une raison civique : ce problème existe et la population se pose des questions."

L'Etat doit faire un choix. Ou bien il agit, et met un service, même minimum, capable de répondre aux questions. Ou il ne fait rien, au risque de laisser la place à Raël, aux sectes et à ce genre de choses.

François Louange

à franceinfo

Le Geipan a succédé au Sepra en 2005, assurant la pérennité du service. "Nous avons besoin d'un service officiel, ne serait-ce que pour obtenir les données de l'aviation civile, de l'armée, de la gendarmerie." Mais ces arguments ne convainquent pas tous les scientifiques. "Le Sepra est (...) une contamination mystique au cœur de la science", tonnait l'Association française d'information scientifique (Afis), à la période de l'audit.

Dans cet article, l'Afis dénonce notamment la présence de François Louange à un séminaire entre chercheurs "croyants" et scientifiques, financé par Laurance S. Rockefeller en 1997, à Pocantico (Etats-Unis). Dans les années 90, déjà, il était apparu sur les plateaux des frères Bogdanov et de Jacques Pradel, dans des émissions parfois gourmandes en récits farfelus. "Je ne leur en veux pas, mais je pense qu'il ne faut plus d'émissions télé sur ces sujets".

"Ce qui est troublant, c'est de passer des dizaines d'années à tenter de comprendre quelque chose, et de ne pas avancer du tout", résume François Lange, compréhensif avec les réactions parfois hostiles de confrères. Lui peaufine encore son outil, qui intéresserait désormais le gouvernement argentin. Pour le convaincre, il compte s'attaquer à un nouveau monument de l'ufologie : une "soucoupe" aperçue dans un lac du Costa Rica, en 1971, lors d'une mission de cartographie. Sherlock Holmes garde la tête dans les étoiles. On ne sait jamais.

• Ovni ou reflet lumineux ? Les inspecteurs du Geipan enquêtent
• "Les figures de l’ombre" : la face cachée de la conquête spatiale
• Envoyé spatial. "La Terre, c’est notre vaisseau spatial, avec des ressources limitées qu’il faut entretenir si l'on veut que le voyage continue"
• Cinq femmes de la Nasa deviennent les prochaines héroïnes de Lego
• franceinfo junior. Existe-t-il une vie extraterrestre ?

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Astrobiologists Claim to Have Found Extraterrestrial Life Form in Earth’s Stratosphere

British astrobiologists are claiming to have found alien life form in the Earth’s stratosphere. They collected a small diatom frustule that could have come from space after sending a balloon to 27 km into the stratosphere during the recent Perseid meteor shower.

This image shows a diatom frustule, possibly a Nitzschia species, captured on a stud from a height of 25 km in the stratosphere. Image credit: Milton Wainwright et al.

“Most people will assume that these biological particles must have just drifted up to the stratosphere from Earth, but it is generally accepted that a particle of the size found cannot be lifted from Earth to heights of, for example, 27 km. The only known exception is by a violent volcanic eruption, none of which occurred within three years of the sampling trip,” explained Prof Milton Wainwright from the University of Sheffield, who is a lead author of a paper reporting the discovery in the Journal of Cosmology (full paper).

“In the absence of a mechanism by which large particles like these can be transported to the stratosphere we can only conclude that the biological entities originated from space. Our conclusion then is that life is continually arriving to Earth from space, life is not restricted to this planet and it almost certainly did not originate here.”

“If life does continue to arrive from space then we have to completely change our view of biology and evolution. New textbooks will have to be written!”

The balloon was launched near Chester, UK, and carried microscope studs which were only exposed to the atmosphere when the balloon reached heights of between 22 and 27 km.

The balloon landed safely and intact near Wakefield, UK. The scientists then discovered that they had captured a diatom fragment and some unusual biological entities from the stratosphere, all of which are too large to have come from Earth.

The team is hoping to extend and confirm their results by carrying out the test again in October 2013 to coincide with the upcoming Haley’s Comet-associated meteorite shower when there will be large amounts of cosmic dust. It is hoped that more new, or unusual, organisms will be found.

“Of course it will be argued that there must be an, as yet, unknown mechanism for transferring large particles from Earth to the high stratosphere, but we stand by our conclusions. The absolutely crucial experiment will come when we do what is called ‘isotope fractionation’. We will take some of the samples which we have isolated from the stratosphere and introduce them into a complex machine – a button will be pressed. If the ratio of certain isotopes gives one number then our organisms are from Earth, if it gives another, then they are from space. The tension will obviously be almost impossible to live with!” Prof Wainwright said.

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Bibliographic information: Milton Wainwright et al. 2013. Isolation of a diatom frustule fragment from the lower stratosphere (22-27 km) – evidence for a cosmic origin. Journal of Cosmology, vol. 22, pp. 10183 – 10188

Milton Wainwright. Biological entities isolated from the stratosphere (22-27 km): case for their space origin. Conference 8865: Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology XVI, Aug. 27, 2013, San Diego, CA, USA. Paper 8865-28

Source www.sci-news.com

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

Man spends $50,000 on over 100 procedures to transform into a ‘genderless’ ALIEN

• Vinny Ohh, 22, from Los Angeles in California, has had over 110 procedures
• He wants to transform into a ‘genderless’ extra-terrestrial
• The make-up artists believes he’s neither male nor female 

A man has spent $50,000 (£40,000) on plastic surgery to become an alien – and could soon have his genitalia removed.

Vinny Ohh, 22, from Los Angeles in California, has had over 110 procedures to transform into a ‘genderless’ extra-terrestrial.

The make-up artist believes he’s neither male nor female and so his extreme look is a way to mirror how he feels inside.

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He started with lip fillers at the age of 17, before having two rhinoplasties, multiple cheeks and brow bone fillers and more. The part-time model also wears large blackened contact lenses, alien like talons and unusual hair dye colours.

Now he plans to fork out another $160,000 (£130,000) on surgery to have his genitalia, nipples and bellybutton removed.

Vinny said: ‘I want to be a sexless alien being, I want my outside to reflect how I feel on the inside.

‘The overall image I want to do is an alien. I want to be a hybrid, not male or female.

‘I’ve wanted to be sexless and genderless since I was 17, I’ve been going to doctors to see if it’s possible but had no luck.

‘I don’t want people to think I’m trying to change into a woman. I could live without sexual organs so why should I have a penis or a vagina.

‘I don’t see why I shouldn’t have my genitals completely removed and have nothing down there.

‘So far, I’ve had $50,000 in skincare and procedures including two rhinoplasties, facial fillers in my lips, cheeks and brow bone all to look extra-terrestrial.

‘I do kind of look like a Martian, I have a really big head, no eyebrows and I’ve just been connecting with that.

‘When people ask me how I’d label myself, I tell them an “extra-terrestrial, hot mess, self-obsessed” it’s becoming my slogan.’

Vinny started cosmetic procedures after feeling like an outcast while growing up.

He became an LGBT+ activist and feels like his look now represents his beliefs that ‘people shouldn’t be labelled.’

Vinny said: ‘Over the years, I’ve realised I’m not gay, bi, trans or any of these things, I just want to be me.

‘I do it to inspire the world in a certain way, I want people to stop labelling others or putting them in boxes.’

When out in public he draws much attention, which he believes is down to some of his unusual standout features and dress sense.

Vinny added: ‘My large black contact lenses are a necessity, it’s like my pearl necklaces, I wear them to walk around everywhere I can.

‘They make my eyes look super massive, some people call it demonic but I think it looks beautiful like an animal.

‘Also, my make-up is focussed around looking sex-less, I play with colour a lot, there’s no shade I wouldn’t experiment with.’

Vinny has found the public are split on his look, with some adoring his unusual appearance and others hurling abuse or trying to physically hurt him.

He said: ‘Some people absolutely love me see me as a celebration and give a lot of compliments.

‘I don’t look real and people love it. Some people have said they want their kids to be like me and that I’m an inspiration for children who don’t feel like they belong.

‘Other times I’ve had shopping carts chucked at me or I’ve been considered a sexual object by men and woman, I’m used to not fitting in.

‘Even when I was 16, I was wearing full body suits and eight inch platforms going outside in the day, so it feels very normal to me.’

Vinny is set to appear on The Plastics of Hollywood, a show that will house real life plastic surgery addicts together in attempts to nurture their talent.

He said: ‘My goal is to change everyone’s mind about human dolls.

‘I’m trying to wake people up to show them that gender roles in society do not matter and show them that we need to be better human beings and nicer to one another.’

The TV show, which is set to be released in America, will follow a talent agency that tries to help them achieve Hollywood Fame without relying on their looks.

Marcela Iglesias, producer and presenter, said: ‘Vinny is an alien new generation of new people who want to look different, in 15 years, hundreds of people will want to look like him.

‘We’re in an era where there’s people who want to look like lizards, those who implant horns into their skulls and people with full-face tattoos like the guy in Suicide Squad who are working.

‘We want to be the first agency who will treat these human dolls, alien dolls and cartoons as a normal part of the society that we’re living in now.

‘We have all these people, the freaks, weirdos and we want to make society understand them.’

Source www.dailymail.co.uk

{http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }