The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
30-05-2016
Is This 10-Million Year Old Sculpture Connected To The Varginha UFO Incident?
Is This 10-Million Year Old Sculpture Connected To The Varginha UFO Incident?
The archaeologist from China smiled, pointed towards the sky and said; "Why do you think we are called the Dragon people?"
Considered the “Roswell” of Brazil, the Varginha UFO Incident of January 1996 refers to a series of events involving the alleged sighting and capture by the military of one or more extraterrestrial beings in the town of Varginha, in southwest Minas Gerais region of Brazil.
Media attention was extensive with coverage by news and television outlets worldwide. Tremendous detail about the exact timeline of events have been described in articles and books.
I too covered the event 7-years later as a Director for a TV mystery series.
This is what I found.
At 3:30 on Saturday afternoon, January 20, 1996, three girls (aged 14 to 21) walked home through this field.
(The field where Lilliane and her sister and friend witnessed the strange creature – Photo: Sid Goldberg 2002)
Lilliane de Silva, her sister Valquíria, and their friend Kátia Andrade Xavier were the primary witnesses. I met up with Lilliane in that very same field where we recreated the scene for our cameras.
Lilliane told us that they unexpectedly noticed some strange creature by the tree. She said to the other girls: “Look!”
When they saw it move they became so frightened that they ran off.
(Lilliane retelling her story for camera – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
Lillian described the creature as dark brown, reddish brown, with a big head. There were 3 protrusions or horns coming out of the top of its head. It had no hair but it had greasy oily substance all over its skin. What she noticed first were the eyes. They were “huge” and “red”. Also outstanding to Lilliane was the putrid, ammonia-like stench in the air. The Silva sisters said they ran from fear to tell their mother that they had seen the “devil”.
(The mask made for the TV reenactment of the creature that Lilliane witnessed based on drawings and descriptions – Photo Sid Goldberg)
Based upon the many drawings and first-hand descriptions of the ET, our TV production art department created a rubber mask and suit to recreate what the three girls allegedly witnessed.
Lilliane said it was unlike any animal, creature, or human alive.
“It was the ugliest thing I had ever seen”.
She said it was sitting only about 5-meters or 16-feet away when she saw it.
The girls immediately ran home to tell Lilliane’s mother what happened.
Mrs. Silva returned to the field with her daughters Llliane and Valquíria approximately 20 minutes later.
(Lillian’s mother, Mrs. De Silva recounting her experience – Photo Sd Goldberg 2002)
The alien or “creature” as they referred to it, was no longer there. She only saw footprints on the ground but smelled something so rancid, similar to ammonia, that it stayed in her nose for three days.
We asked Mrs. Silva to draw what she saw and this V-shaoped footprint is what she produced.
(Mrs. De Silva drawing the print in the earth that she witnessed in the field when Lilliane brought her back to the same spot – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
The night before the “creature” appeared, a farmer and his wife reported seeing something strange in the night sky located 10 kilometers (6 miles) northwest from the town of Varginha, midway between Varginha and Tres Coracoes.
It was just after midnight when Eurico Rodrigues De Freitas and his wife Oralina were startled by all the farm animals. The animals were uncharacteristically vocal and stampeding within their stalls as if in fear.
(Oralina and Eurico Rodrgurs De Freitas recounting their UFO encounter – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
Oralina got up, looked through the window, and saw a strange object over their cattle. She called her husband. He described seeing something the size of a school bus. It was long, cylindrical, and shaped like a cigar, hovering about 5-meters above him or just a little higher than the trees. He said he didn’t know exactly what color it was because the object was surrounded by a fog or smoke, as if encircling the craft. Oralina thought it could have been grey in color, though it was difficult to tell at night.
What Oralina told us next evoked a very powerful emotional response from her. She described a light shining down from the craft over her husband Eurico. She said it left a rash or burn-like mark on his chest and legs for several days after. Tears came to her eyes as she relived those moments with us.
I also spoke with a local researcher who was on the scene the days following. He said that he checked out the area 5 days after the girls’ alien sighting but by then rain had washed away the alien’s footprints.
People living nearby reported seeing the police, army, and fire department taping off the area.
(Virginia Fire Department taping off the area for TV reenactment – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
The police and fire department didn’t want to speak about the incident. However off-camera, speaking very quietly through my interpreter, one of the senior firemen on the scene at that time shared his firsthand experience with me. He and his team were the first responders who secured the area. This was two days later when another creature was allegedly found lying along a road. Three military trucks arrived to retrieve it.
What he saw was very similar in description to what the girls described — deep reddish brown, small, hurt, and with a terribly foul odor. The military took over the scene and quickly took the creature away. He said that the American military was in charge of the operation. He shared this with me one to one and then agreed to speak later on camera when my crew was in place.
Once other firemen gathered and they saw the video cameras that were setting up for the interview, on-camera, the same fireman denied seeing anything. Rather, they never even received a call about an extraterrestrial.
(Fireman who taped off the area before the military arrived – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
As frustrated as I was after the blatant denial by the Sergeant at the fire station, I didn’t think the words “cover-up” until I learned from Lilliane’s mother that she had an unusual visit a few days later.
Soon after the sighting three men in dark glasses appeared at her house. The men insisted that the girls lie about what they saw and even insisted that they didn’t see anything at all. The men offered money to keep them quiet but Mrs. Silva didn’t accept anything because she knew the girls were telling the truth.
(Home of Lilliane, her sister and mother – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
Did aliens really land in the city of Varginha in Brazil? While the skeptics suggest what the girls saw was a rat-like creature called a capybara, but why would a rat the size of a dog attract the attention of the fire department to tape off the field like a crime scene? Lillian’s mom knows that the girls saw something.
They weren’t the only ones.
The official version from the Brazilian Government is that nothing happened. They denied any claims of being involved in the capture of Extraterrestrial Biological Entities (EBEs) but those who closely researched the event and spoke with many more witnesses, accused the government of a cover-up.
The case could easily have been swept away as an urban legend, if it was not for the following evidence:
NORAD warning of a UFO going down.
Around midnight between January 19-20 NORAD (North American Air Defense Command) contacts their Brazilian counterpart, CINDACTA (I Centro INtegrado de Defesa Aerea e Controle de Trafego Aereo or Integrated Center on Air Defense and Air Traffic Control). They are informed that a UFO is coming down over southern parts of Minas Gerais state. This is witnessed and leaked by both a Brazilian Air Force member and an employee at the radar facility at Air Force Base VI Comar, who received the information.
A UFO is believed to have crashed between 1:30 AM and 5:00 AM that night according to an American civilian who was present when the cigar-shaped UFO was loaded aboard a flatbed truck in the early morning of January 20th, according to Brazil’s UFO Magazine.
But what does all this have to do with a 10-million year old sculpture?
Based upon this artistic rendition of the alien witnessed by the three girls in Varginha, by artist, Thomas Feiner, we created a rubber outfit for the TV recreation scene.
(The rubber mask of the ET fitted to a child to reenact the scene for TV – Photo Sid Goldberg 2002)
Look very closely at the three ridges along the head of the Varginha EBE that we created for television and compare it to this sculpture brought to the USA by an archaeologist representing the Government Of China who explained to me that these 6-inch jade sculptures were dated to 10-million years old — not the jade itself but the broken crystals where the jade was shaped into a sculpture. The resemblance is too similar to ignore!
(Jade statues that are allegedly 10-million years old presented by Chinese scientist at the Citizen Hearing For Disclosure, 2013 – Photo by Sid Goldberg)
I asked; “Who was around 10-million years ago to carve these sculptures, and what were the carvings of?”
The archaeologist from China, a representative of the Chinese government then smiled, pointed towards the sky and said; “Why do you think we are called the Dragon people?”
According to Wikipedia, The ancient Chinese self-identified as ‘the descendants of the dragon’ because the Chinese dragon is an imagined reptile that is the evolution ancestor of chi energy and other common animals.[5][6]
So is there a link between these 10-million year old sculptures and the Varginha UFO Incident? Might we have been visited by ET throughout our human history? Look at the pictures and you decide!
UPCOMING: How did the scientists from China date these jade statues to 10 million years?
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2,000 Year-Old Book of Giants Describes How the Nephilim Were Wiped Out
2,000 Year-Old Book of Giants Describes How the Nephilim Were Wiped Out
More than 60 years ago, excavations at the Qumran Caves revealed almost one thousand ancient scrolls that offered important glimpses into humanity’s past. Archaeologists were stumped to find one unusual text among these, a scroll that offers clues regarding the demise of the Nephilim. It is called The Book of Giants.
The Bible makes several references to the Nephilim and most of them can be found in the book of Genesis. The bulk of information pertaining to these giants of old come from the apocryphal Book of Enoch. This ancient Jewish religious work is attributed to Noah’s great-grandfather, although some scholars date parts of it to around 300 BC.
Enoch is a puzzling character, to say the least. The book of Genesis tells us he lived on Earth for 365 years, before being taken by God; “he walked with God: and he was no more; for God took him.” During his time down here, our planet was also inhabited by ‘angels’ who interacted freely with humans, eventually interbreeding with the “daughters of man” and giving birth to a race of unnaturally strong and giant hybrids called the Nephilim.
The origin of the word Nephilim isn’t fully understood but scholars have proposed several etymologies: “the fallen”, “apostates”, or “those that cause others to fall down.” Regardless of their name, the Nephilim have always been a synonym for giants.
The Book of Giants found in the Qumran Caves offer a perspective that is different from that of the Book of Enoch. Although incomplete, the scroll fragments paint a grim picture: the Nephilim become aware that, as a result of their violent and deviant ways, they face imminent destruction—and that scares them enough to ask Enoch to speak on their behalf in front of God.
The text begins by detailing how the Nephilim plagued the Earth and all that lived on it. But once they all start receiving prophetic dreams of doom, fear seeps into their hearts. The first one to have these dreams was Mahway, the titan son of the angel Barakel. In his dream, he saw a tablet being submerged in water. When the tabled emerges, all but three names have been washed away. This symbolizes the Flood and subsequent destruction of all but Noah’s sons.
At the time, this fact had not become obvious to the Nephilim so they debated the meaning of Mahway’s dream, but were unsuccessful in interpreting the signs. Soon after, two more giants, Ohya and Hahya, the sons of the fallen angel Shemyaza begin having similar dreams; they dreamed of a tree being uprooted except for three of its roots.
Following this, the rest of the group of giants began having apocalyptic dreams:
Thereupon two of them had dreams and the sleep of their eye fled from them, and they arose and came to […and told] their dreams, and said in the assembly of [their comrades] the monsters […In] my dream I was watching this very night [and there was a garden…] gardeners and they were watering […two hundred trees and] large shoots came out of their root […] all the water, and the fire burned all [the garden…] They found the giants to tell them the dream…”
The giants now realize the prophetic nature of their dreams and seek help from Enoch. Unfortunately, Enoch had already disappeared from the face of the Earth so the Nephilim elected one of their members to undertake a cosmic journey in order to find him.
[Mahway] mounted up in the air like strong winds, and flew with his hands like eagles […he left behind] the inhabited world and passed over Desolation, the great desert […]and Enoch saw him and hailed him, and Mahway said to him […] hither and thither a second time to Mahway […]The giants await your words, and all the monsters of the earth. If […]has been carried […] from the days of […]their […] and they would be added […] we would know from you their meaning […] two hundred trees that from heaven came down…”
Unfortunately, parts of the scrolls were damaged beyond repair but the general direction of the text is obvious. One of the Nephilim traveled outside of Earth in search of Enoch and his vision-interpreting powers. The text becomes very interesting if we substitute a few terms and regard it not as an allegorical account, but the description of a real event whose meaning became muddled over time.
If we consider flying “with his hands like eagles” a metaphor, can we hypothesize that Mahway took off from Earth in a space ship? In this case, does “Desolation, the great desert” refer to interstellar space? It depends on how far we’re willing to interpret a fragmentary, 2,000 year-old scroll but ancient alien theorists do more than just take it at face value.
Enoch sends Mahway back where he came from, promising him he will speak to God on their behalf. Unfortunately for the Nephilim, the tablets Enoch sent them as a response did not bring good news.
The scribe Enoch […] a copy of the second tablet that [Enoch] sent in the very hand of Enoch the noted scribe […In the name of God the great] and holy one, to Shemyaza and all [his companions…]Let it be known to you that not […] and the things you have done, and that your wives […] they and their sons and the wives of [their sons] by your licentiousness on the earth, and there has been upon you […and the land is crying out] and complaining about you and the deeds of your children […] the harm that you have done to it.
[…] Until Raphael arrives, behold, destruction [is coming, a great flood, and it will destroy all living things] and whatever is in the deserts and the seas. And the meaning of the matter […] upon you for evil. But now, loosen the bonds bi[nding you to evil…] and pray.”
Whether they prayed or not, the text cannot say. But they don’t appear to be here anymore, once again proving the effectiveness of a global flood.
Video toont vreemd object bij Amerikaanse legerbasis in UFO-hotspot
Video toont vreemd object bij Amerikaanse legerbasis in UFO-hotspot
Het internet was afgelopen weekend in de ban van een vreemd object in de lucht bij een legerbasis in Dayton in de Amerikaanse staat Ohio. Velen vragen zich af of het een UFO is. Dat meldt het tv-programma Fox & Friends.
“Het lijkt alsof het met de wolken meebeweegt,” zegt een vrouw in het filmpje. De 13 minuten durende video toont een object dat boven vliegbasis Wright-Patterson hangt en vervolgens verdwijnt. De luchtmacht deed tussen 1947 en 1969 onderzoek naar UFO’s en aliens op de basis.
Een stel spotte het object toen ze vanuit hun huis naar de zonsondergang keken, meldde de Daily Mirrorzaterdag. De Britse krant stuurde het filmpje naar Tyler Glockner van Secure Team 10, die zichzelf omschrijft als iemand die aandacht besteedt aan alles wat te maken heeft met het buitenaardse en zij die proberen informatie daarover verborgen te houden voor het volk.
Glockner claimt dat hetzelfde object twee keer eerder is gezien in de lucht boven Dayton, aldus de krant. Vooral in het westen van de Verenigde Staten worden veel UFO’s gezien, zo blijkt uit onderstaand kaartje.
This is an unusual three arm UFO near our sun yesterday. It was found by UFO researcher Streetcap1 of Youtube. The UFO does have three obvious arms, and we can see that the UFO is turning in a clockwise motion as it moves because those arms are turned to face counter clockwise, as if a strong force pushed them this way. I wonder if this one is a biological entity?
Giant Gun Hauled Down Road Mystery Has Been Solved, May 2016, Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Giant Gun Hauled Down Road Mystery Has Been Solved, May 2016, Videos, UFO Sighting News
Date of sighting: Sept 5, 2014, solved May 29, 2016 Location of sighting: unknown This giant set of guns was heading down the street causing quite a ruckus for the onlookers behind the big rig truck. May people screamed the photos were fake, but it really was real. It really does look like some kind of DARPA or other back ops company made weapon, but fortunately the person had some viewers that got to the bottom of it this week and found that the weapons are actually from a Hollywood movie set. Its actually a pod from Transformers Age of Extinction (2014) directed by Michael Bay. Very awesome and I will place a video down below that had it in the first 3 seconds of it. Can you imagine taking your kids to school in the morning behind this massive gun turret and trying to explain to your kid what it is? Yeah, between the laughing and the OMGs, that would be a kick. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com
An American, World War II-era aircraft that had been missing in action (MIA) since July 1944 was recently located in the waters surrounding the Pacific Island nation of Palau.
The TBM-1C Avenger is one of several dozen U.S. aircraft scattered in the coral reefs or concealed within dense mangrove forests along Palau's island chain. This latest find adds to the growing list of wrecks discovered by Project Recover, an effort dedicated to the ongoing search for MIA aircraft and associated Americans since World War II.
"The importance of our mission is reinforced with each new discovery of a missing aircraft," Eric Terrill, an oceanographer from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, one of Project Recover's three founding entities, said in a statement. [Photos: Underwater Robots Help Recover WWII Plane Wrecks]
Project Recover is an ongoing initiative that searches for aircraft and associated Americans that have been missing since World War II.
Credit: Eric Terrill, Mark Moline-
"But this is more than reconnecting with history; it's about locating the missing to enable the U.S. government to bring them home for a proper burial," Terrill said. "With potential recovery sites around the world, Project Recover and its team of researchers and volunteers are expanding to intensify its searches using modern science and technology."
The project uses a combination of oceanographic technology and advanced archival research methods to uncover the wrecks and possible information about the airmen linked to the downed craft. Autonomous underwater robots equipped with sonar map the ocean floor, locating sites of interest for human divers to then scour for wreckage.
This detailed information is then shared with the Department of Defense's Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA), in hopes of notifying the families of these missing soldiers.
Dan Friedkin, founder and chairman of the Air Force Heritage Flight Foundation, helped make this latest find in Palau possible via a substantial financial commitment.
"As someone who gained a passion for flying and admiration for our country's brave service members as a child, I will continue to support the efforts of Project Recover and their partner organizations," Friedkin said in the statement. "Every family member impacted by the loss of a service member deserves this type of closure."
DARPA Requests Designs for XS-1 Military Space Plane
DARPA Requests Designs for XS-1 Military SpacePlane
By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer
The U.S. military's plans to build a satellite-launching robotic space plane are moving forward. On Monday (May 23), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) put out its official call for proposals for the futuristic space plane design.
The goal of the Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) project is to build a reusable space plane that, at optimal operation, should be able to fly 10 times in 10 days, at a cost of no more than $5 million per flight. Typically, space vehicles are not fully reusable, and the pieces that are reused need to undergo time-consuming safety checks between flights. XS-1 would be used primarily as a cheap and fast way to deliver satellites to orbit, DARPA officials said.
DARPA is already working with three groups on designs for XS-1. This week's announcement sets a deadline for those groups to submit their design proposals (July 22). In early 2017, DARPA is expected to select one group to move forward with the construction of an XS-1 prototype for flight testing. [DARPA's Experimental XS-1 Spaceplane in Pictures]
The XS-1 program has four primary technical goals, according to DARPA. The first is a plane that can do 10 flights in 10 days, and demonstrate "aircraft-like access to space." Second, the plane must be able to deliver a payload into low Earth orbit, which means it has to be able to move very fast. It must be able to launch a payload weighing up to 1,500 lbs. (680 kilograms) and have the capability to upgrade to 3,000-lb. (1,360 kg) payloads. And, each flight of the space plane, even with its heaviest payload, can't cost more than $5 million.
New Experimental Spaceplane Design Unveiled By DARPA | Animation
In an era of declining budgets and adversaries’ evolving capabilities, quick, affordable and routine access to space is increasingly critical for both national and economic security," DARPA officials wrote in a statement on the agency's website. "Current satellite launch systems, however, require scheduling years in advance for an extremely limited inventory of available slots. Moreover, launches often cost hundreds of millions of dollars each, due in large part to the massive amounts of dedicated infrastructure and large number of personnel required."
"DARPA created its Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) program to help overcome these challenges and create a new paradigm for more routine, responsive and affordable space operations, reducing the time to get capabilities to space," officials said in the statement.
The XS-1 program began in 2013, and initially DARPA aimed to make the first test flights in 2018. More recent estimates put the first flights sometime in 2019 or 2020.
The program is currently broken into three phases. Phase I sought to "evaluate the technical feasibility and methods for achieving the program's goals," according to the DARPA website. In 2014 and 2015, during Phase 1, the agency awarded funds to three groups working on XS-1 designs: Northrop Grumman, partnered with Virgin Galactic; Boeing, partnered with Blue Origin; and Masten Space Systems, partnered with XCOR Aerospace. The three groups have released simple, digital renderings of what their XS-1 designs would look like.
DARPA announced in April that it had received funding from the Obama Administration to move into Phase 2. This week's announcement puts a final deadline on XS-1 design proposals, which can include previously tested technologies or totally new ideas. The call for proposals is open to anyone, not just those companies that have already received funding.
The military has another reusable space plane in operation: The X-37B space plane, which hops a ride aboard a rocket and can then orbit the Earth for months at a time. Built by Boeing, the two X-37Bs have launched on a total of four missions in six years. Just what they're doing up there is a mystery; most X-37B payloads are classified.
DARPA Requests Designs for XS-1 Military Space Plane
DARPA Requests Designs for XS-1 Military SpacePlane
By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer
The U.S. military's plans to build a satellite-launching robotic space plane are moving forward. On Monday (May 23), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) put out its official call for proposals for the futuristic space plane design.
The goal of the Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) project is to build a reusable space plane that, at optimal operation, should be able to fly 10 times in 10 days, at a cost of no more than $5 million per flight. Typically, space vehicles are not fully reusable, and the pieces that are reused need to undergo time-consuming safety checks between flights. XS-1 would be used primarily as a cheap and fast way to deliver satellites to orbit, DARPA officials said.
DARPA is already working with three groups on designs for XS-1. This week's announcement sets a deadline for those groups to submit their design proposals (July 22). In early 2017, DARPA is expected to select one group to move forward with the construction of an XS-1 prototype for flight testing. [DARPA's Experimental XS-1 Spaceplane in Pictures]
The XS-1 program has four primary technical goals, according to DARPA. The first is a plane that can do 10 flights in 10 days, and demonstrate "aircraft-like access to space." Second, the plane must be able to deliver a payload into low Earth orbit, which means it has to be able to move very fast. It must be able to launch a payload weighing up to 1,500 lbs. (680 kilograms) and have the capability to upgrade to 3,000-lb. (1,360 kg) payloads. And, each flight of the space plane, even with its heaviest payload, can't cost more than $5 million.
In an era of declining budgets and adversaries’ evolving capabilities, quick, affordable and routine access to space is increasingly critical for both national and economic security," DARPA officials wrote in a statement on the agency's website. "Current satellite launch systems, however, require scheduling years in advance for an extremely limited inventory of available slots. Moreover, launches often cost hundreds of millions of dollars each, due in large part to the massive amounts of dedicated infrastructure and large number of personnel required."
"DARPA created its Experimental Spaceplane (XS-1) program to help overcome these challenges and create a new paradigm for more routine, responsive and affordable space operations, reducing the time to get capabilities to space," officials said in the statement.
The XS-1 program began in 2013, and initially DARPA aimed to make the first test flights in 2018. More recent estimates put the first flights sometime in 2019 or 2020.
The program is currently broken into three phases. Phase I sought to "evaluate the technical feasibility and methods for achieving the program's goals," according to the DARPA website. In 2014 and 2015, during Phase 1, the agency awarded funds to three groups working on XS-1 designs: Northrop Grumman, partnered with Virgin Galactic; Boeing, partnered with Blue Origin; and Masten Space Systems, partnered with XCOR Aerospace. The three groups have released simple, digital renderings of what their XS-1 designs would look like.
DARPA announced in April that it had received funding from the Obama Administration to move into Phase 2. This week's announcement puts a final deadline on XS-1 design proposals, which can include previously tested technologies or totally new ideas. The call for proposals is open to anyone, not just those companies that have already received funding.
The military has another reusable space plane in operation: The X-37B space plane, which hops a ride aboard a rocket and can then orbit the Earth for months at a time. Built by Boeing, the two X-37Bs have launched on a total of four missions in six years. Just what they're doing up there is a mystery; most X-37B payloads are classified.
The Ancient Anunnaki and mankind’s Forbidden history
The Ancient Anunnaki and mankind’s Forbidden history
There are some things related to mankind’s lost history and our mysterious amnesic past that is not being talked about in modern history.
The Ancient Anunnaki and mankind’s Forbidden history
The story behind the Anunnaki – Those who Anu sent from Heaven to Earth’ – is far more mysterious than anyone is willing to accept. In recent years, and mostly because of the Ancient Astronaut Theory – which proposes that Earth has been visited by advanced Alien civilizations from thousands of years – the truth behind the Anunnaki has gained a lot of importance among millions of readers and viewers around the globe.
While many remain skeptical about the existence of the Anunnaki, their influence in the human development and the reasons why they came to Earth, millions of people around the globe firmly believe that the Anunnaki are the missing link in human history, development, and abrupt evolution.
During an excavation of the Biblical city of Nineveh, a team led by Austen Henry Layard discovered the ruins of the ancient Assyrian library of Ashurbanipal. One of the most important discoveries made during the excavation were a series of cuneiform tablets called the Enűma Eliš, or better known as “The Seven Tablets of Creation”.
The Seven Tablets of Creation tell the story about a group of gods called the Anunnaki who came from the heaven to create the human race.
Information about the Anunnaki is extremely limited and most of the history surrounding their existence are filled with controversy. Today when we read or seek information about the Sumer and the Anunnaki or the people that inhabited that part of the world we come across controversial author Zecharia Sitchin. In 1976, author Sitchin published his personal translations of the Sumerian texts in a series of books called “The Earth Chronicles”.
Are the Ancient Anunnaki the missing link in our amnesic history?
According to Sitchin, the clay tablets describe an alien race known as the Anunnaki who came to Earth to mine gold. Sitchin practically suggests that extraterrestrial visited earth in the past because their home-planet needed gold to survive.
In 1976, the late Zecharia Sitchin raised a controversy with the publication of his book “The Twelfth Planet”. In this and subsequent books, Sitchin presented his translations of ancient Sumerian texts which tell an incredible story regarding the origins of mankind on Earth, stories that are completely different to those that most of us learned in school.
The New York times even talked about Nibiru in 1982:
Something out there beyond the farthest reaches of the known solar system seems to be tugging at Uranus and Neptune. Some gravitational force keeps perturbing the two giant planets, causing irregularities in their orbits. The force suggests a presence far away and unseen, a large object that may be the long- sought Planet X. … The last time a serious search of the skies was made it led to the discovery in 1930 of Pluto, the ninth planet.
This year, astronomers detected the long lost planet of our solar system. They have called it “Planet Nine.” The enigmatic Planet (X) orbits our sun at such a distance that it needs between 10,000 – 20,000 years to complete a single orbit around it.
The authors, of the study Michael Brown and Konstantin Batygin, suggest that the smaller bodies located on the edges of the solar system appear to be influenced by the gravity of a hidden planet – a “massive perturber.”
Deciphering history… piece by piece
Today, the Anunnaki are considered by many people around the globe as the “founding fathers” of civilization and mankind. Some archeologists even suggest that the Anunnaki have a very important history in south America and the Pre-Inca and Inca civilization. (Remember the Fuente Magna Bowl?) Modern-day archeology does not agree with these theories even though there is plenty of evidence.
It seems that everywhere we look on our planet, we find pieces of history that point towards a far more enigmatic past than what mainstream scholars are willing to accept. This is mainly because we are living in a limited informative environment. Not all the details regarding ancient mankind’s past are documented and presented to society. There are some ‘gaps’ in our history that cannot be explained by mainstream scholars. But, according to the ancient astronaut theory, these enigmatic ‘gaps’ in mankind’s ancient history can be perfectly explained and rationally approached by mainstream scholars, who continue presenting us with a linear – one-way street – when it comes to mankind’s history. This is why we won’t hear about the Anunnaki and their importance in human development in modern-day society, as we are being blindfolded by many mainstream researchers who continue with their close-minded approach while trying to understand the enigmatic past of our ancestors and their incredible achievements.
The Anunnaki Timeline – Coming to Earth: (According to Sitchin)
450,000 B.C. After long wars, the atmosphere of Nibiru began to deteriorate and became a hostile place for life, The Anunnaki needed gold to repair their atmosphere. According to researchers, we can use gold nanoparticles to repair our damaged ozone layer.
445,000 A.C. The Anunnaki aliens landed on Earth and established their base in Eridu, wanting to extract gold from the Persian Gulf. They were led by Enki, son of Anu.
416,000 B.C. Gold production fell, which made Anu come to Earth. Beside him, his other son Enlil arrived. Anu decided that mining would take place in Africa and promoted Enlil in charge of the Terran mission.
400,000 A. C. In southern Mesopotamia were seven developed nations. Among the most important were: “Sipar”, “Nippur” and “Shuruppak”. After the metal was refined, the ore was transported from Africa with ‘ships’ and sent into orbit.
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Light Behaving Badly: Strange Beams Reveal Hitch in Quantum Mechanics
Light Behaving Badly: Strange Beams Reveal Hitch in Quantum Mechanics
By Tia Ghose, Senior Writer
A hidden property of corkscrew, spiraled beams of light could put a hitch in quantum mechanics.
The photons, or light particles, inside these light-based Möbius strips spin with a momentum previously thought to be impossible. The findings could shake up some of the assumptions inquantum mechanics, the rules that govern the menagerie of tiny subatomic particles.
"This is a sort of fairly basic property of light, and we've shown it's not working the way people thought it would," said study co-author Paul Eastham, a physicist at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. [Wacky Physics: The Coolest Little Particles in Nature]
Hollow beams of light
The research was spurred by findings from roughly two centuries ago, when Irish physicist and astronomer William Hamilton and his colleague Humphrey Lloyd predicted that crystals with certain internal arrangements of their atoms would create a hollow tube of light if the incident light hit the crystal at just the right angle.
In honor of the 200th anniversary of this discovery, Eastham and his colleagues decided to probe the theoretical underpinnings of this phenomenon. He began to wonder what this type of hollow light beam implied for the angular momentum, or spin, of light particles that made up the ray. As he worked through the math, he realized something strange: The photons inside the conical ray would have an angular momentum of one-half of Planck's constant, the fundamental constant that governs the relationship between energy and wavelength.
But that seemed impossible, given that the equations of quantum mechanics implied that light particles could have spins that were multiples of the fundamental constant (for instance, twice Planck's constant, negative three times Planck's constant, and so on).
Half-spin photons
To see if his calculations would be borne out in reality, the team tested the theory. They sent a laser beam through a crystal at a precise angle, and then used a mainstay optical device called an interferometer to split the beams of light and sort them according to their spin.
Sure enough, the photons, when measured, had angular momentums equal to one-half Planck's constant and minus one-half Planck's constant, respectively, the researchers reported online April 29 in the journal Science Advances.
The findings are fascinating because they imply that light particles don't behave as they're predicted to, said study co-author Kyle Ballantine, a physicist at Trinity College Dublin.
"All particles can be divided into two fundamental groups: Bosons, including photons in all measurements to date, have integer [whole number] angular momentum; and fermions [such as electrons] have half-integer," Ballantine told Live Science in an email. "This distinction leads to very different quantum behavior. Our result shows that we can make beams of photons which behave like fermions, a completely different form of matter."
Still, the new results don't reduce the significance of Planck's constant or tear down the entire edifice of subatomic physics, Eastham said.
"We haven't broken quantum mechanics," Eastham told Live Science.
However, the results are still so new that it's not clear exactly what they suggest, Eastham said. One immediate implication: The findings could affect quantum computing and cryptography, both of which would rely on statistics regarding subatomic particles that may need to be rethought, he said.
Is it possible that mankind was brought to Earth as part of an alien experiment on evolution?
The following list outlines reasons why humans may not be native to this planet, and may have been brought here by an extraterrestrial race who escaped a destroyed world.
1. Sunlight
Humans, in contrast with other species, cannot sunbath for more than a given time per day without getting sunburned. This indicates that the human body was not designed for constant exposure to the sun. The same can be said for our eyes, our eyes are very sensitive to the sunlight around us and without being taught safe procedures, our eyes would be damaged at an early age.
2. Bad backs
The problems that mankind faces with back/spine problems are a clear indication that our bodies are not built so perfectly as the natural world would lead us to believe. It could bode questions that our original environment (for humans) may not have been surrounded by such heavy gravity. Earth’s heavier gravity puts strain on the skeleton and the result could be the reason our bodies suffer from such pains, we are used to an atmosphere that is lighter then this one.
3. Illnesses
Illness strikes us all, some scientists have debated that our bodies get weak because our bodies are set to a 25 hour per day environment instead of 24 as on Earth, and we have not adapted yet. The older theories add to this concept than in many cases, when there is an illness, humans are disabled and cannot carry out their workload, which rarely occurs in the other species.
4. Growing up
In all species that inhabit the Earth, the offspring is capable of doing things in a relatively short time, which may vary from just a few minutes to eight weeks after birth. Sharks swimming at birth and birds flying in roughly 30 days of hatching. Human offspring however is completely helpless and powerless to do anything for itself for a very long time, only acquiring simple basic capabilities. It takes around 5 to 10 years (depending on the child and environment) before it can perform the duties and the requirements of carrying their weight around. Something that is never seen in all other species put together.
5. Advances
The human being does something that no other species has been observed doing – humans use external ways to overcome his physical shortcomings. Handicapped at birth and use anything and everything to keep our degrading health up to scratch.
6. Behaviour
Lions and the other carnivores will hunt to eat and they will engage in fights almost always for reasons of reproduction. Most fights in the animal kingdom are actually for reproduction and areas for feeding. And whenever there is a fight, when the victor is declared, the fight is over. There is no observance in any other species than the human being for retaliatory attacks, pre-emptive strikes, and most of all weapon construction in ever increasing lethal potential. Unless anyone has ever seen a mouse with an M-16 at hand and never bothered to inform anyone about it.
Now those are just a few instances. I will leave judgement of said points to your own views, however I will end with this.
Mankind was brought here as part of an alien experiment in evolution.
Mankind landed on Earth on starships that escaped a destroyed world.
Considering Mars has a 25 hour day circle, less gravity and less sun. Maybe we came from there?
The surface gravity on Mars is only about 38% of the surface gravity on Earth, so if you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh only 38 pounds on Mars.
High-profile hacker Gary McKinnon claims to have some interesting information about the US Navy’s intergalactic operation – there is a top-secret fleet of “eight to ten” war ships in space, with around 25 “Non-terrestrial officers” on their books.
Gary McKinnon is a British lifelong ufologist and computer expert, whose 2002 arrest for hacking into the US Navy and NASA systems was described as the ‘biggest military computer hack of all time.’
McKinnon claimed NASA’s security was so lax back then, he didn’t expect to get caught. He used a program called Landsearch to scan documents and files to look for UFO cover-ups, and he did so undetected for two years before he got caught. President Bush wanted him behind bars. McKinnon faced an intense ten year legal battle in the UK, only narrowly avoiding extradition to the USA.
He has spoken before about exactly what he discovered during his time scanning NASA’s documents and files, but never in as much detail as in this interview with RichPlanet TV.
McKinnon claims:
In Building 8 at Johnson Space Center, Houston, there is someone whose full time job is to airbrush UFOs from images, since they are so commonly captured.
He found a US Navy spreadsheet entitled ‘Non-terrestrial officers’. McKinnon admits these words “can be interpreted in various ways,” but one thing is for sure: given the name, we know they’re not based on Earth.
McKinnon says there were maybe 25 rows on the excel spreadsheet with officers’ ranks and names, and that the ships had the prefix ‘USS’ just like American sea vessels.
He claims there is evidence of “material transfer between ships”, of which he says there are “possibly eight to ten.”
McKinnon believes all of this evidence suggests that the US has a fleet of warships in space, which might account for why the Bush administration were so keen to have him incarcerated in the States.
In parts 2, 3 and 4 (below), McKinnon expands on the information shared in this first part (and gives his reasons for not believing in the moon landings, among other things).
Many might be quick to label McKinnon a quack or a liar, but in this interview his body language doesn’t suggest he’s making anything up: in fact, during the course of the four-part interview, his story is remarkably insightful and consistent.
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The Argument Against Calling Aliens
The Argument Against Calling Aliens
SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array.
Photo courtesy of Seth Shostak/SETI Institute
For the astronomers tasked with finding intelligent life elsewhere in the solar system, one of the most vexing questions is why ET is being so quiet. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) began in 1960 when astronomer Frank Drake spent 3 months scanning the cosmos for life, but in the 50-odd years since Drake’s initial experiment, SETI astronomers have yet to find any convincing evidence that we are not alone.
The disappointment this lack of results has led to the creation of a controversial wing of SETI research known as METI (Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligences) or Active SETI. The basic idea here is that if the aliens aren’t going to call us, we’ll call them instead.
Although a handful of messages have intentionally been sent out into the cosmos over the last half-century, ranging from 8-bit drawings to the entirety of Craigslist, most SETI research institutions do not fund active SETI projects. Moreover, in February of 2015, a number of leading SETI scientists published a letter listing the perils of METI and calling for a global consensus before any sort of message is sent on behalf of spaceship Earth.
The Areceibo observatory, where Frank Drake sent the first message into the cosmos; Image via Flickr user Ed Ivanushkin
The researcher’s concerns are well founded: as detailed in a paper posted to arxiv last week, a critical analysis of the leading arguments for and against METI found that the project is probably not a good idea, going so far as to call METI “unscientific and potentially catastrophic.”
Authored by John Gertz, President of the Foundation for Investing in Research on SETI Science and Technology and chairman at the SETI Institute, the paper begins by outlining the main arguments in favor of METI. In the first place, there’s the fact that all non-active SETI projects to date have failed to find evidence of intelligence elsewhere in the universe, which suggests that it might be time to try a new approach. Then there’s the argument that Earth has already been leaking radio waves into space for decades, potentially broadcasting our position to extraterrestrial intelligences. If we’ve already blown our cover, the thinking goes, there’s no harm in focusing our transmissions in a more organized search.
Yet as Gertz points out, there are a number of problems with the METI-ists arguments. In the first place, we don’t know anything about the alien civilizations we are contacting—perhaps we are saying hello to a hyperviolent and superintelligent alien race. If the history of our own planet has taught us anything, the contact between two civilizations when one is technologically advanced and the other comparatively primitive usually results in the extermination of the latter, so perhaps it’s best to wait and listen.
The most forceful argument in favor of METI, that we’ve already blown our cover by leaking radio waves into space, was ironically disproven by SETI Institute chief astronomer Seth Shostak, who is skeptical about the danger posed by active SETI. As Shostak has pointed out, the leakage from terrestrial radio transmissions would be so faint that it would be essentially impossible for an alien civilization to detect them from the interstellar distances where SETI researchers are looking for life.
Finally, there’s the issue of who gets to speak on behalf of Earth and what they get to say. Although the International Academy of Astronautics has drafted a protocolforbidding sending messages into outer space, it is not enforceable by law, so anyone with access to a radio telescope can say whatever they want to the universe without any legal repercussions.
Gertz argues that because of the large number of unknowns about who we’re contacting, the huge stakes involved in contact (namely, the existence of humanity), and the haphazard method of going about sending messages, the METI enterprise remains “unscientific and potentially catastrophic.”
So for the time being it appears most SETI astronomers are in agreement that trying to contact aliens is probably a pretty bad idea, although it’s still one worth thinking about. Due to recent donation boosts for SETI, Shostak has predicted we may hear from aliens inside of 20 years, and if he’s right, the question of what to say in reply may ultimately become the question of our generation.
Harvard scientists say advanced Alien civilizations could inhabit ancient solar systems on edge of galaxy
Harvard scientists say advanced Alien civilizations could inhabit ancient solar systems on edge of galaxy
Harvard scientists believe that advanced Alien civilizations could inhabit ancient solar systems on the edge of our galaxy
According to interesting statements from a team of Harvard scientists, aliens could inhabit the ancient solar system located on the edge of our galaxy. There, according to Harvard researchers, the clusters have the potential to support life, which could be as much as billions of years more advanced than we are today.
Experts believe that so-called ‘Globular Clusters’ which are something like a dense sphere of ancient stars located at the outermost edge of our galaxy could be the best place where we should be looking for alien civilizations.
Dr Rosanne Di Stefano believes that there are numerous reasons why the distant regions of our galaxy might be extremely favorable locations to search for intelligent lifeforms.
According to Di Stefano, one of those reasons is the age. The Globular clusters located in the outermost regions of our galaxy, extending beyond the Catherine wheel arms of our Milky Way, contain stars which according to researchers could have an estimated age of at least 10 billion years, a very big time period for life to evolve to advanced levels.
Another favorable reason according to experts is the relatively close distance between the stars. This means that it takes about a month (Earth) for light waves to make it across the distances of neighbouring stars in one of the many clusters.
Comparing it to our nearby distances, the nearest star to the Earth is 4.2 light years away.
“It would also be easier for a civilisation to explore and even set up outposts on other worlds,” according to Dr Di Stefano, from the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics in Cambridge, US.
Our Sun is around 4.6 Billion years old, which means that if there are civilizations located in these globular clusters, they could be billions of years more advanced than we are today.
The only exoplanet so far discovered by researchers and located in globular clusters known as M4 in the Scorpius constellation is nicknamed Methuselah. The planet is believed to orbit a binary system of a pulsar and a white dwarf. The estimated age of Methuselah is believed to be 12.7 Billion years, making it the OLDEST exoplanet discovered on record.
Writing in the BBC’s Sky At Night magazine, Dr Di Stefano said: “It would be strange if there were not many others.
“Of course, this is all conjecture. We don’t know whether there is alien life in such clusters.
“But globular clusters would be a good place to look and might be the first place where intelligent life is identified in our galaxy.”
But, not everything is perfect for life evolving in globular clusters at the edges of the galaxy. Researchers point to possible drawbacks such as the stars could get too close to one another and disrupt each others planetary system, something that could be catastrophic for the evolution of life. However, Dr Di Stefano conducted research which points to the fact that this danger does not exist.
She wrote: “What we’ve found is the opposite, that it’s possible for many habitable-zone planets to survive for billions of years.”
A mysterious repeating ‘alien’ signal has researchers baffled
A mysterious repeating ‘alien’ signal has researchers baffled
Alien Message? Mysterious signal from ‘powerful exotic object’ spotted repeatedly coming from the same place in the universe
Is it possible that Intelligent Alien Civilizations are trying to send us a message? Astronomers have detected a mysterious signal from ‘powerful exotic object’ spotted repeatedly coming from the same place in the universe
When astronomers received the first signals in the past, they believed them to be radio bursts caused by one off cosmic events. But now, astronomers have detected a signal repeatedly coming from the same location. This changes everything astronomers previously thought about the radio bursts as there may be something ‘else’ producing the fast radio bursts.
In the past, astronomers believed that fast radio bursts may have been produced by ‘cataclysmic’ events that eventually destroyed their sources, like a star exploding in a supernova or a neutron star collapsing into a black hole.
But the new study published in the Journal nature indicates that this might not be the case and that it is very likely that the fast radio bursts have another, more permanent origin.
Prior to the new discovery, astronomers believed that the fast radio bursts were one-time events, occurring during cataclysmic events, like when their source – a star exploding in a supernova, for example, or a neutron star collapsing into a black hole occurs. But the signals are repeating, and come from the same source, so these events are unlikely to be the cause of the radio signals.
The anomalous signals are fleeting bursts of radio waves that flash across the cosmos in a matter of milliseconds before disappearing almost as fast as appearing. But now, for the first time ever, astronomers have detected the short bursts of radio waves are in fact coming from the same place in the universe, far beyond our own galaxy.
The mysterious signals were detected for the first time in 2007 and have baffled astronomers ever since their discovery. Now, due to anomalous ‘repeated signals’ scientists have come together in hopes of trying to identify what might be causing these. According to reports, the newest radio bursts are believed to originate from an ‘extremely powerful object’ which is able to produce multiple bursts in under a minute.
“Not only did these bursts repeat, but their brightness and spectra also differ from those of other FRBs,” notes Laura Spitler, first author of the new paper, in a statement.
According to Professor Jason Hessels, an astronomer at the University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, researchers hope to use the direction the pulses are coming from in order to understand what is causing them.
He said: ‘Finding the host galaxy of this source is critical to understanding its properties.
‘Once we have precisely localized the repeater’s position on the sky, we will be able to compare observations from optical and X-ray telescopes and see if there is a galaxy there.’
Paul Scholz, an astronomer working at the McGill University who first spotted the signal, said the repeating signal was in fact ‘exciting’.
He added: ‘I knew immediately that the discovery would be extremely important in the study of fast radio bursts.’
Scholz and fellow astronomers have discovered 10 new fast radio bursts, suggesting that the bursts very likely originated from a ‘very exotic object’, like a rotating neutron star with never-before-seen power.
The research which was published in the Journal Nature is yet another study published in the last couple of days, and comes days after scientists announced to have pinpointed the location of a fast Radio burst for the first time, but these claims are now being questioned by scientists. In order to pinpoint the exact location of the unusual event, scientists will need to better understand the source of the bursts.
“Once we have precisely localized the repeater’s position on the sky, we will be able to compare observations from optical and X-ray telescopes and see if there is a galaxy there,” says Jason Hessels, associate professor at the University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy. “Finding the host galaxy of this source is critical to understanding its properties.”
Mysteriously, our genetic code stopped evolving 3 billion years ago
Mysteriously, our genetic code stopped evolving 3 billion years ago
According to researchers, our genetic code stopped evolving 3 billion years ago, but why? When Francis Crick described the Genetic code back in the 1960s, the mysterious halt in the evolution of the Genetic Code was referred to him as a frozen accident.
Interestingly, researchers say that our Genetic Code could have developed to use up to 63 Amino acids, but for some reason, it stopped at 20.
Scientists might have solved the question of the century. According to experts, the genetic code’s limit was reached 3 billion years ago when evolution came to a sudden halt.
Even though life on our planet continues to evolve, the genetic code, that mystery machine which drives life has remained static using the same ‘commands’ and components in the same way it did in the distant past, billions of years ago.
It is known that at a certain point in our planet’s long history, our genetic code’s evolution came to a halt when it reached its plateau, thus preventing further development of the code. For decades, Scientists had no clue why, but now, thanks to a new study, researchers believe that the evolution of our genetic code came to a halt because of limitations in the way our DNA is translated to make proteins.
In order to understand it, researchers from Spain focuses on a molecule called transfer RNA (tRNA).
Basically, tRNA has the job to move the building blocks of proteins to the assembly line in order for them to be linked together in an appropriate way.
Interestingly when Francis Crick described the Genetic code back in the 1960s, the mysterious halt in the evolution of the Genetic Code was referred to him as a frozen accident.
Scientists believe this is because the genetic code evolved only enough to account for 20 amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The Genetic Code eventually reached a point where it was unable to alter, or expand so it could account for more than 20 amino acids, which caused it to remain static or frozen in time for billions of years.
The human body can link available amino acids together in order to make proteins, but it uses additional amino acids which are not included in the genetic code, relying on complicated chemical channels.
Interestingly, researchers say that our Genetic Code could have developed to use up to 63 Amino Acids, but for some reason, it stopped at 20. Experts believed that if the ‘machinery’ that reads the DNA and translates it to proteins were to include more than 20 amino acids, it is very likely that numerous mistakes would have been present, leading to an eventual meltdown of the biological system.
Professor Lluís Ribas de Pouplana, a geneticist from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) and senior author of the study, said: „Protein synthesis based on the genetic code is the crucial feature of biological systems, and it is critical to ensure faithful translation of information.“
Every single transfer RNA has two central regions which link it to a specific amino acid at one end. The other recognises a three-letter stamp of the genetic code. Scientists say that multiple genetic stamps can code for the same amino acids, and the combination of these areas are what gives each tRNA an identity.
Speaking to MailOnline, Professor Ribas said: „Our work shows that the central pieces of the genetic code, the transfer RNAs, can not house enough specific identity elements for the system to be able to distinguish 63 of them. Since you need a new tRNA for each new amino acid, once the limit of tRNAs is reached that determines how many amino acids you can use. This limit happened to be at 20, and it hasn’t changed for 3 billion years.“
Scientists are now looking for ways to overcome the limitations set in place billions of years ago with the help of synthetic biology.
„It is thus unlikely that the limit will change naturally, and you could certainly call it a bottleneck for molecular diversity. Artificially, however, we are able to increase the number of amino acids used by cells under controlled laboratory conditions. I think that our work adds to the notion that adding new amino acids in a natural context would require very dramatic engineering of the system. Something that nature can’t do. How to go about this engineering is the main question that opens after our study.“ Said Professor Ribas in the interview.
En général, la recherche scientifique est chose ouverte. Les réunions secrètes dont les journalistes sont tenus à l'écart ont plutôt lieu dans des cadres politiques ou économiques. Alors forcément, quand le Washington Post parle d'une conférence secrète, ou que le New York Times évoque des "discussions privées", cela a de quoi étonner.
Surtout quand celles-ci ont lieu à Harvard, entre 150 scientifiques, avocats et autres entrepreneurs et que le sujet n'est autre que la création d'un "génome humain synthétique", donc artificiel. Trois mots qui sont vite associés à clonage, être humain créé en cuve, bref, à toutes les dérives possibles imaginées par Aldous Huxley dans Le meilleur des mondes.
Cette réunion en question a bien eu lieu, mardi 10 mai, à la Harvard Medical School de Boston. Le titre de celle-ci était à l'origine: "HGP2 : le projet d'un génome humain de synthèse". Une référence au projet génome humain, qui a réussi à séquencer l'ADN de l'homme en 2003, après 13 ans de recherches. Fabriquer un génome synthétique, cela revient donc à pouvoir fabriquer, artificiellement, les 6 milliards de "nucléotides", l'élément de base qui compose notre ADN.
Mais si 150 personnes étaient conviées, le carton d'invitation était assez clair: "Nous n'avons pas invité de média intentionnellement, car nous voulons que tout le monde puisse parler librement et candidement sans être mal interprété". De même, les participants n'avaient pas le droit de publier des informations sur les réseaux sociaux.
Un quiproquo, pour le fantasque organisateur
Une démarche qui n'a pas plus à deux scientifiques, conviés mais qui ont décliné l'invitation. A la place, Drew Endy et Laurie Zoloth ont publié une tribune affirmant que la grande question éthique posée par le thème du débat "ne devait pas être discuter derrière des portes closes".
Interrogé par le Washington Post, l'un des organisateurs de la conférence, George Church, affirme que celle-ci était censée être ouverte. Problème: un article scientifique devait être discuté, mais celui-ci n'était pas encore publié. Pour éviter d'être accusé de faire de la "science par communiqué de presse", le chercheur a préféré privatiser l'événement. Il affirme qu'une vidéo de la conférence sera publiée en même temps que l'article en question.
George Church est un célèbre généticien américain, mais est également connu pour ses déclarations un peu folles. Par exemple, cloner l'homme de Néandertal. Ou encoreles mammouths.
Entre le début de la polémique et la conférence en elle-même, l'intitulé a également été changé, affirme le New York Times, passant de "Le projet d'un génome humain de synthèse" à "Test de grands génomes synthétiques dans des cellules". Un titre moins ronflant et moins sensible. A l'origine, le but principal du projet était de "synthétiser un génome humain complet dans une lignée cellulaire dans une période de 10 ans", affirment Drew Endy et Laurie Zoloth dans leur critique.
Faut-il synthétiser le génome d'Einstein?
Ils affirment que si la synthèse d'un génome humain artificiel est encore impossible, l'évolution des technologies et la baisse des coûts nous rapprochent jour après jour de cette possibilité. "Grâce à de nouvelles techniques développées depuis 2003, le coût de l'assemblage du matériel génétique servant à coder les gènes, les 'fondations' de la vie, ont chuté de 4 dollars à trois cents par lettre individuelle", affirment-ils.
Ainsi, le prix théorique d'un génome humain artificiel serait passé de 12 milliards à 90 millions de dollars. Et pourrait même tomber à 100.000 dollars d'ici 20 ans si la chute continue. Le New York Times rappelle que la création d'un génome de synthèse de levure est actuellement en cours, mais qu'il est 200 fois moins complexe que celui de l'être humain.
Les chercheurs se demandent ainsi s'il serait saint "par exemple, de séquencer et synthétiser le génome d'Einstein"? Et d'affirmer que si la technologie doit s'améliorer, il vaudrait mieux cibler la création de génomes moins polémiques.
Le 13 mai, à la suite de l'article du New York Times, le Center for Genetics and Society, une ONG qui milite pour des débats éthiques sur les nouvelles biotechnologies, a dénoncé "une réunion qui ressemble plus à une volonté de privatiser la discussion sur les modifications de l'héritage génétique".
Le surhomme n'est pas pour aujourd'hui, ni même pour demain
Il faut dire que cette conférence, qu'elle ait eu vocation à être secrète ou non, tombe à un moment où les avancées technologiques se multiplient et avec elles, les questions éthiques. Le génome humain est maintenant séquencé pour moins de 1000 dollars, de nouvelles techniques comme Crispr-CAS9 permettent des modifications génétiquesextrêmement simples et précises. Des scientifiques, en Chine, puis maintenant au Royaume-Uni, ont commencé à travailler sur des embryons humains.
Si la science avance vite et si tout cela peut faire tourner la tête, il faut pour autant savoir raison garder, tempère le généticien Jean-Louis Mandel, contacté par Le HuffPost. "Peut-on améliorer le génome humain? Faire des super sportifs, ou des gens très intelligents? Le problème, c'est que tous ces caractères sont d'une extrême complexité", précise le scientifique.
Et d'évoquer deux récentes études qui cherchaient des variants génétiques liés au QI. "Ils n'ont rien trouvé. Pas parce qu'il n'y à rien à trouver, mais car la complexité est telle que chaque variation va avoir un effet extrêmement modeste". A l'inverse, rappelle Jean-Louis Mandel, "une seule mutation sur les 6 milliards de bases du génome peut empêcher une personne de parler".
Bref, s'il est facile de casser une voiture, il est plus difficile de l'améliorer. Le 12 mai, des chercheurs ont publié une étude portant sur 300.000 individus. Le but était de comprendre le rôle joué par la génétique dans la réussite scolaire. Les chercheurs ont identifié 74 variations génétiques ayant un impact sur le niveau d'études. Mais celles-ci n'expliquaient que 0,43% des différences.
La crainte d'un eugénisme du XXIe siècle n'est donc pas pour tout de suite, mais il est toujours préférable de poser le débat avant d'être au pied du mur.
It's about the research (which I share), and the education, not the entertainment value, or awareness of it. Where you take it from there, is up to you. This month I present a batch of video's that supplies supporting evidence that may prove an alien invasion has already begun. After watching this video, leave a comment below to share what you think. Made for content, critique, debate, and intrigue. Rather than make 2 hour videos, this month, I thought I'd cram more into one video than I ever have. I hope you like, enjoy, and become informed. Is there more going on than meets our own eyes?
Thanks, and cheers, for watching, and double cheers to you, if you subscribed, too. :) (tips hat) Research Laura Eisenhower. I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (http://www.youtube.com/editor)
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Is there another Sun, Inner World and lost civilization inside of Earth?
Is there another Sun, Inner World and lost civilization inside of Earth?
Is there a slight possibility that there is an inner Sun, Inner World and lost civilization inside of Earth? In recent decades, a number of findings have been made that drastically alter the views on the Inner Earth theory.
According to many claims in the past decades, there is a world inside of our planet filled with supernatural beings, incredible technologies, and unexplained phenomenon. The ‘mythical’ land inside of our planet, its supernatural civilizations, and secrecy behind the entire subject stretches back over half a century. While the basis backing up such claims are nearly nonexistent, the legends must have originated from somewhere. What if Jules Verne’s classic “A Journey to the Center of the Earth” is true? And somewhere down there, an entirely new world is waiting to be explored, a place where somehow, living beings inhabit the depths of our planet, a place that ancient cultures and civilizations knew existed, or still exists today. What if it’s actually true?
Plato even spoke of the mythical inner world. He mentioned that extremely long and narrow tunnels connect the four corner of our planet. When these are finally connected, Agartha would stand with a magical ruler holding the throne.
But many similar accounts are present in history. If we go back to the year 50AD, we will discover that a Roman author by the name of Pliny the Elder stated that the ancient Atlantean civilization fled to the Himalayas after catastrophic events swiped over their capital city. Eventually, the Atlantean’s dug into our planet where they currently live, far away from ‘modern’ civilization.
However, if we look towards the 20th and 21st century, we will discover a number of authors who have made shocking claims in regards to the Hollow Earth theory. After proposing a new theory of the birth of our planet, Russian Physicist Fedor Nevolin became famous for suggesting that the Earth is hollow and most likely has a smaller Sun in the center. The Sun’s energy is said to penetrate through the holes in the Poles and accumulates in the center, making it possible for life to flourish inside our planet.
But perhaps the most famous accounts ‘offering’ conclusive evidence that there is a world inside our planet come from the famous Byrd expeditions.
Books like Worlds beyond the Poles by Amadeo Giannini claimed that Byrd had not flown over the Pole but inwardly through large holes leading into the Earth. Ray Palmer, mainly based on the book by Giannini, introduced his theory in the December 1959 issue of its magazine and obtained very positive results from the audience because of his theories and ideas regarding the Hollow Earth theory.
It is noteworthy to mention that according to Giannini and Palmer, during Vice Admiral Byrd’s alleged flight over the North Pole in 1947, Admiral Byrd radioed that he saw beneath him, not snow, but areas of land with mountains, forests, vegetation, lakes and rivers and in the undergrowth, a strange animal that looked like a mammoth.
It is said (citation needed) that in January of 1956, after leading an expedition to Antarctica, Admiral Byrd had stated that his expedition had explored 3,700 km beyond the South Pole and also just before his death, Byrd had said there existed a land beyond the Pole that was “an enchanted continent in the sky, a permanent mystery of Earth.” That land, according to other theories, was the legendary Rainbow City, home to a fabulous lost civilization.
But much before Byrd and others spoke of a world inside our planet, ancient civilizations had oral, and written legends that suggest such ’emptiness’ inside of our planet might actually exist.
The Macuxi Indians are indigenous people who live in the Amazon, in countries such as Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. According to their legends, they are the descendants of the Sun’s children, the creator of Fire and disease and the protectors of the “inner Earth.” Their oral legends speak of an entrance into Earth. Until the year 1907, the Macuxies would enter some sort of cavern, and travel from 13 to 15 days until they reached the interior. It is there, “at the other side of the world, in the inner Earth” is where the Giants live, creatures that have around 3-4 meters in height.
However, there are more ‘stories’ that speak of similar events. The Babylonian hero Gilgamesh visited his ancestor Utnapishtim in the bowels of the earth; in Greek mythology, Orpheus tries to rescue Eurydice from the underground hell; it was said that the Pharaohs of Egypt communicated with the underworld, which could be accessed via secret tunnels hidden in the pyramids; and Buddhists believed (and still believe) that millions of people live in Agharta, an underground paradise ruled by the king of the world. Where did all of these legends originate from?
Interestingly, in ‘modern’ times, several interesting authors have made similar claims. For example. Leonard Euler, a mathematical genius of the eighteenth century, concluded that the Earth was hollow, containing a central sun and was inhabited. Dr. Edmund Halley, discoverer of Comet Halley and Royal Astronomer of England also believed that the Earth was hollow on the inside with three “Floors”.
In an extremely interesting interview with Coast To Coast AM, author and researchers David Wilcock stated that an alliance of ancient civilizations is living inside the planet. These ancient civilizations have been calling the inner Earth their home for long periods of time, and they are about the reveal themselves to the world.
Wilcock states that based on his research, it seems as if these cavities are utilized so that advanced civilizations have a place they can live while looking out for everything that happens on the ‘outer Earth,’ the surface of the planet.
Recent studies have discovered interesting details about what’s located inside of our planet.
According to scientists, there is a large ocean of water located inside the mantle of our planet. They point out that this gigantic tank of water could fill the oceans on our planet up to three times.
Researchers also indicate that the water located on the surface of our planet came not from space, but from within the planet itself, as part of “complete water cycle on the planet”.
In addition to the water found inside of our planet,researchers have discovered an ‘unknown’ oxygen sourcedeep below the surface of our planet. This discovery seems to point towards the existence of a hitherto unknown oxygen source believed to be located somewhere in the lower mantle of our planet.
The mysterious source of oxygen is believed to be so enormous, that it can influence the climate on our planet. The team of researchers led by Dr. Elena Bykova from the University of Bayreuth reported the results in the scientific journal nature Communications.
Are legends just legends? Myths only fictional accounts? Or is there something to the countless claims that have been formulated throughout the years which suggest there is a gigantic world waiting to be explored beneath the surface of our planet.
Check out these interesting video which complement the reading material:
Astronomers have just found the LARGEST Structure in the Known Universe
Astronomers have just found the LARGEST Structure in the Known Universe
Astronomers have recently announced the discovery of the largest structure ever seen in the known universe, and its 1 Billion Light Years long, making it the largest structure ever discovered. The size of this structure is beyond fascinating.
Astronomers have discovered the biggest structure in the known universe, and well, the have called it BOSS.
Scientists at the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands in Spain have come across the most massive object in the universe and have called it BOSS, the BOSS Great Wall, which when you think, is the perfect name for such a humongous structure in the universe. BOSS stands for the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
BOSS is a superstructure composed of superclusters which are interconnected by gasses, located billions of light years away from our plant, and its mass is ten thousand times larger than that of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Thanks to Gravity, these superclusters are able to stay interlocked while they journey across space.
The universe is a web of giant clusters of matter surrounding empty voids Volker Springel/Max Planck Institute For Astrophysics/SPL
According to Joshua Sokol at New Scientist, the megastructure discovered by a team from the Canary Islands Institute of Astrophysics is composed of 830 separate galaxies and has a mass 10,000 times greater than the Milky Way. To put the scale of this structure into perspective, we orbit one single star, the Sun. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has over 200 billion stars, just like our Sun, in it alone with an unknown amount of planets orbiting them.
However, even though BOSS is the largest ‘thing’ ever discovered in the known universe, not all researchers agree it should be categorized as a ‘structure.’ The arguments against BOSS being called a structure or superstructure are that these superclusters arent connected like a wall would be. Instead, they have ‘dips’ and empty spaces between them and are linked by clouds of dust and gas.
While the debate whether or not BOSS is a superstructure or not will continue, it still is the largest object ever spotted by scientists. In fact, there are numerous other ‘great wall’s or superstructures found floating in the emptiness of space, located thousands and even millions of light years away from our planet.
Other Structures similar to BOSS are the Sloan Great Wall, which was discovered by researchers in 2003, and Lanikea, the superclusters of galaxies where our galaxy, the milky way is located. Lanikea, which in Hawaiian means ‘immeasurable heaven’ contains 100,000 galaxies and has the mass of ONE HUNDRED QUADRILLION SUNS.
Our galaxy sits near the edge of one such supercluster.
Within Lanikea, galaxies are travelling towards a region in space called ‘The Great Attractor,’ which according to researchers is the equivalent of a large gravitational valley.
Located in the vicinity of Lanikea are four neighbouring superclusters called Shapley, Hercules, Coma, and Perseus-Pisces. Lanikea was the first supercluster to have its size mapped by scientists.
Discoveries like this allow researchers to understand better the universe and helps them rebuild the Big Bang, enabling them to understand how space has changed since it came into existence.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.