The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
Malcolm Lees enlisted in the British Royal Air Force in the early 1950s and retired in the late 1960s. In 1962 he received a posting to a RAF station in the county of Wiltshire, which he declined to name, and worked in the prestigious and secretive world of intelligence gathering. Most of the work, Lees explained, was routine and even mundane and he laughed heartily at the idea, spouted by many, that intelligence work was a glamorous one full of James Bond-style escapades. Nevertheless, Lees said, there was one aspect of his career that really was stranger than fiction. Early one September morning in 1962, a call came into the base from someone who had seen a UFO hovering in the vicinity of the ancient standing-stones in the historic English village of Avebury, Wiltshire.
UFO reports reached the base from time to time, said Lees. They were always handled by the RAF’s Provost and Security Services. For the most part they were mind-numbing and mundane, and related to little more than sightings of unidentified lights in the sky that could, in reality, have been anything or nothing. Invariably, he said, the reports were a week, or even more, old by the time they were received. And so, they were simply filed and passed up the chain of command – that was then at Government Buildings, Acton, and which relocated to Royal Air Force Rudloe Manor in 1977 (Note: for years, there were rumors that Rudloe Manor was some kind of “secret base” where dead aliens were held). But this particular case was a little different, said Lees.
The witness was a middle-aged lady who had lived in Avebury all of her adult life and who was fascinated by archaeological history. A “spinster,” (as the files describe her) she would often stroll among the formations at night, marveling at their creation and musing upon their history. It was on the night in question that she had been out walking at around 10:30 p.m. when she was both startled and amazed to see a small ball of light, perhaps two-feet in diameter, gliding slowly through the stones. Transfixed and rooted to the spot, she watched as it closed in on her at a height of about twelve feet. The ball then stopped fifteen feet or so from her, and small amounts of what looked like liquid metal slowly and silently dripped from it to the ground. Then, in an instant, the ball exploded in a bright, white flash. For a moment she was blinded by its intensity and instinctively fell to her knees. When her eyes cleared, however, she was faced with a horrific sight. The ball of light had gone, but on the ground in front of her was what she could only describe as a monstrous, writhing worm.
The creature, she said, was about five feet long, perhaps eight or nine inches thick, and its skin was milk-white. As she slowly rose to her feet, the creature’s head turned suddenly in her direction and two bulging eyes opened. When it began to move unsteadily towards her in a caterpillar-like fashion, she emitted a hysterical scream and fled the scene. Rushing back home, she slammed the door shut and frantically called the airbase, after having been directed to them by the less-than-impressed local police. The Provost and Security Services were used to dealing with UFO reports, said Lees, and a friend of his in the P&SS was dispatched early the next day to interview the woman – amid much hilarity on the part of his colleagues, all of whom thought that the story was someone’s idea of a joke. On returning, however, Lees’ friend and colleague had a very serious and grim look on his face, and informed him guardedly that whatever had taken place, it was definitely no hoax.
The woman, he said, had practically barricaded herself in her home, was almost incoherent with fear, and only agreed to return to the scene after lengthy coaxing. Lees’ colleague said that he found no evidence of the UFO. The worm, or whatever it was, was clearly long gone. On the ground near the standing stone, however, was a three-foot long trail of a slime-like substance, not unlike that left by a snail. Lees’ colleague quickly improvised and, after racing back to the woman’s house, scooped some of the material onto a spoon and into a drinking glass.
After assuring the woman that her case would be taken very seriously, and requesting that she discuss the events with no one, he headed back to the base, the slimy substance in hand. A report was duly prepared and dispatched up the chain of command – along with the unidentified slime. For more than a week, said Lees, plainclothes military personnel wandered casually among the stones, seeking out evidence of anything unusual. Nothing else was ever found, however. Lees said that he was fascinated by this incident because it was one of the few UFO-related cases he heard about that was taken very seriously at an official level and that had some form of material evidence in support of it. He did not know the outcome of the investigation, but he never forgot about it. Which is hardly surprising!
I’ve never wanted to end something so bad as when I stepped into the grocery store and saw, for the first time, Marty the robot. I know, I know, property destruction is wrong. I didn’t act on it, but seeing those googly eyes peek over the mangoes filled me with a deep and primal blood lust (oil lust?) that’s been locked up in my DNA since before the flood. I saw Marty the robot and I saw that it must not be. So I left before I made a scene. I’m no freedom fighter.
There seems to be a very real and very deep repulsion inherent in humans’ feelings towards robots. We don’t like robots, as evidenced by the growing trend of people acting on that atavistic urge to murder them. But we also aren’t creeped out by all robots equally. There’s a concept called the “uncanny valley” which shows the point of maximum creepiness. A new study published in the Journal of Neuroscience has found the part of the brain responsible for the uncanny valley effect and what’s going on in our primitive monkey brains as we meet our replacements.
The uncanny valley was first described by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. It’s where something, in this case a robot, is made to look like a human but falls a bit short. People tend to like robots more as they become more humanoid, but at a certain point there is a dramatic dip in likability, the so-called valley, before becoming more likable again as they get closer to a perfect facsimile of a human. According to a new study that has located the part of the brain responsible for the uncanny valley, different people may react to the uncanny valley with varied intensity. This may explain why a robot that’s essentially a rolling traffic cone almost landed me in jail. I blame the googly eyes.
Whoever thought the googly eyes were a good idea is a grade-a psychopath.
To figure out the physical location in the brain of the uncanny valley, researchers hooked up 21 volunteers to MRI machines and gave them some tests that involved pictures of various kinds of robots and humans combined with likability decisions. In one experiment, the volunteers were shown pictures of humans, artificial humans, android robots, humanoid robots and mechanoid robots, and were asked to assign values to how likable each was. Then they were asked to pick one of these humans or robots to complete a task: selecting a gift that a hypothetical human may like. The volunteers chose either real humans or human-like robots, but they did not choose the robots in which the difference between human and robot was the hardest to make out.
According to the study, researchers found a link between the uncanny valley and both the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The prefrontal cortex is the part of our brain that is the most different from other primates. It’s the part that makes executive decisions that go against our primal urges. It was my prefrontal cortex that weighed the risk-reward balance for murdering Marty the robot. The amygdala is a very primitive part of our brain responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response, fear, anxiety, all those fun things. It was my amygdala that made me want to do a robot murder.
“I want you to quietly accept the inevitable.”
The prefrontal cortex showed a dip in activity when volunteers were shown robots in the uncanny valley, and conversely the amygdala seemed to show more of a reaction to the robots in the uncanny valley.
The researchers think that understanding how humans react to the uncanny valley is key to a future where humans and robots coexist peacefully. According to Astrid Rosenthal-von der Pütten, from the RWTH Aachen University in German:
“This is the first study to show individual differences in the strength of the uncanny valley effect, meaning that some individuals react overly and others less sensitively to human-like artificial agents. This means there is no one robot design that fits – or scares – all users. In my view, smart robot behaviour is of great importance, because users will abandon robots that do not prove to be smart and useful.”
So regardless of our repulsion, they hope to be able to make robots that even stubborn cranks like myself will tolerate. To that I say: good luck.
Conspiracy Theorists Observe Three UFOs Coming Out from the Sun
Conspiracy Theorists Observe Three UFOs Coming Out from the Sun
Several alien life enthusiasts have discovered three UFOs firing out of the Sun in an amazing NASA footage.
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) is NASA’s ambitious attempt to explore the internal structure and outer atmosphere of the Sun. The space telescope has been helping scientists to understand the complicated gas currents of the Sun hidden beneath its surface. SOHO was also instrumental in discovering over 3,000 comets.
However, some UFO hunters believe the NASA Sun observatory has now revealed its most incredible find to date – uncovering three alien UFOs as they shoot out of our star.
They pointed out a NASA video that is seemingly showing many UFOs shooting out of our sun and around the SOHO satellite.
YouTube user SolarBug posted the video to the video sharing site.
After enlarging screenshots of the black and white footage, it appears to show three black shapes firing out of the Sun at high speed.
Other conspiracy theorists have been claiming that alien spaceships have caused a solar flare.
SOHO is slowly orbiting around the First Lagrangian Point (L1) to move around the Sun in step with the Earth. It is made possible with the combined gravity of the Earth and Sun, which keep SOHO in orbit locked to the Earth-Sun line.
As an oval of school children gazed at mysterious objects in the skies of Melbourne one afternoon back in 1966, seven pilots flew overhead with reports at least one pilot allegedly giving chase.
It was around lunchtime on Wednesday, April 6, 1966, when students and staff from Westall High School and Westall State School, in south east Melbourne, spilled out onto the local oval for sport.
As the students went about their exercises, hundreds of them claim to have witnessed unexplained objects flying overhead before disappearing into a nearby grassy paddock known as The Grange.
To this day, residents and interested parties remain baffled by what took place that day, with conspiracy theories pointing to a government cover-up rather than an extra-terrestal visit. (Supplied)
To this day, residents and interested parties remain baffled by what took place that day, with conspiracy theories pointing to a government cover-up rather than an extra-terrestrial visit.
Shane Ryan has spent the past 14 years searching for answers to what has become known as the Westall incident.
In those years, he has spoken with more than 400 people who claimed to have witnessed the incident and subsequent stern visits from authorities. However, up until last week the Canberra-based researcher knew nothing about the seven pilots.
Shane Ryan has spent the past 14 years searching for answers to what has become known as the Westall incident. (Supplied)
“Another piece of information has come through that somebody who lived locally to Westall at the time has said he knows personally one of the seven pilots who was up in the air from Moorabbin Airport and were witnesses to what happened that day,” Mr Ryan told nine.com.au.
“He knows personally the one pilot who got closest to the object and actually tried to chase it. This man is still alive and living in a nursing home.”
Mr Ryan is in the process of getting in contact with the pilot in the hope he is willing to speak about what he saw.
Photograph of the supposed Westall UFO encounter where more than 200 students and teachers at two Victorian state schools allegedly witnessed an unexplained flying object which descended into a nearby open wild grass field (AAP)
The government agencies
Mr Ryan admits he is contacted regularly by strangers who claim to have information about the Westall incident. He said he investigates all the tips in an attempt to verify them.
“When I originally started my research, I thought I’d be able to crack this nut in a year or two years, and get to the bottom of the mystery,” he said.
“Part of that thinking was that if there was this response by government authorities to the extent that it seems that there was, they must have some answers. But my feeling now is part of the reason for the cover up or the shutdown was there were no answers.”
Hundreds of students claim to have witnessed unexplained objects flying overhead before disappearing into a nearby grassy paddock known as The Grange. (Supplied)
Relatives from two former Department of Supply workers have been in touch to disclose possible links to Westall and crash investigators from the Department of Civil Aviation.
Over the years there has been suggestions that the Westall incident was part of a government program called ‘Project HIBAL’ which operated in the 1960s in Melbourne. Project HIBAL was set up to sample radiation in the atmosphere using a high-altitude balloon.
Mr Ryan said he genuinely agrees that HIBAL and other scenarios are worth examining if only to rule them out.
“For whatever reason, even after all these years, that information, that documentation that gives us information about the involvement by these government agencies, which we now know at this one level, did take place it’s just not publicly available,” he said.
Mr Ryan has spoken with more than 400 people who claimed to have witnessed the incident and subsequent stern visits from authorities. (Supplied)
“I guess that raises the question why is it not publicly available?”
According to National Archives of Australia online searches, the Department of Supply did exist as did a Department of Supply and Development. Between 1939 and 1941 the Department of Supply and Development was responsible for the supply of munitions and the production of aircrafts.
A search for the Westall incident returned no results, while ‘flying saucer’ returned 28 results, though none made specific mention of an incident in Melbourne in 1966.
Fear and ridicule
Phyll Tierney, who was 15 at th
e time of the sighting, said she remembers seeing three silver disc, dish-like shaped objects with a dome at the top in the sky. She claims none of them made a sound.
“We weren’t allowed to talk to the media,” Ms Tierney previously told nine.com.au.
“They told us all to go to the quadrangle, the headmaster was adamant that we’d seen nothing.”
Mr Ryan said witnesses have told him that within 20 to 30 minutes after the sightings “the military and the police were on the scene” as well as two separate fire brigades.
Relatives from two former Department of Supply workers have been in touch to disclose possible links to Westall and crash investigators from the Department of Civil Aviation. (Supplied)
“I think there is an element of fear involved,” he said in reply to questions about why more officials haven’t come forward.
“For the people who were there in some sort of official capacity – whether they were police or representing some other government agency - it seems to me that something must have been said to them at the time and whatever was said to them stayed with them all these years.”
As well as possible concern about retribution, Mr Ryan admits a fear of ridicule may come into play for some.
“But I think the more that gets spoken about and the more that gets aired in public I think the more those barriers will break down. So, through films and articles in the media it gets the word out I think and people who had some involvement and connection … they see this and they make contact,” he said.
First alien moons are spotted in the act of being born: Scientists believe they have captured small planet and embryo moons 370 light years away from Earth
First alien moons are spotted in the act of being born: Scientists believe they have captured small planet and embryo moons 370 light years away from Earth
An image from ALMA observatory in Chile shows the never before seen phenomenon 370 light-years away
Circle of gas and dust, known as a circumplanetary disk, forms around a growing planet in PDS 70 star system
Scientists have said the disk is of a similar structure to the one which birthed the many moons of Jupiter
Images taken using the massive 66-antenna, which collected the millimeter wave radio signals showing dust
Recently, researchers discovered two planets - PDS 70c and PDS 70b - which orbit the young star PDS 70.
And now they have found evidence of a dust-filled disk, known as a circumplanetary disk, around PDS 70c which could start to form multiple moons.
Astronomer at Rice University in Houston, Texas, Andrea Isella told Science Daily: 'Planets form from disks of gas and dust around newly forming stars, and if a planet is large enough, it can form its own disk as it gathers material in its orbit around the star.
'Jupiter and its moons are a little planetary system within our solar system, for example, and it's believed Jupiter's moons formed from a circumplanetary disk when Jupiter was very young.
A faint disk of dust surrounds a large planet, possibly giving rise to a new moon, in an illustration of the star system PDS 70.
'For the first time, we can conclusively see the telltale signs of a circumplanetary disk, which helps to support many of the current theories of planet formation.
'By comparing our observations to the high-resolution infrared and optical images, we can see that an otherwise enigmatic concentration of tiny dust particles is a planet-girding disk of dust, the first such feature ever conclusively observed.'
Using the massive 66-antenna, Andrea and his colleagues collected millimetre wave radio signals that showed the dust grains around PDS 70c.
The circumplanetary disk has been captured around growing planet PDS 70c and could represent moons growing. The two faint smudges, 70b and 70c, are associated with newly formed moons
At first, they thought it was just gas, but soon realised it was circumplanetary disks, the structure from which moons grow.
Circumplanetary disks disappear within around 10million years, and are believed to have emerged less than 4billion years ago in our solar system.
Mr Isella added: 'There's much that we don't understand about how planets form, and we now finally have the instruments to make direct observations and begin answering questions about how our solar system formed and how other planets might form.
'We’ll be able to come back to this system at different periods and more easily map the orbit of the planets and the concentration of dust in the system.
'This will give us unique insights into the orbital properties of solar systems in their very earliest stages of development.'
Crop circles. We’ve seen them in the air from planes, in the movies, or perhaps even first hand. Many consider crop circles to have been created by extraterrestrials who yearn to subtly communicate with our species; others view them as an agricultural and technologically artistic phenomenon and believe the alien connection may be a hoax. But no matter which crop they’re carved from, these intricate geometric patterns hold messages waiting to be decoded.
Whether you believe crop circles are alien manifestations, or farmers with a creative bent (and lots of time on their hands), the history and mystery surrounding crop circles has been around since the mid-1600s.
“Both our organs of perception and the phenomenal world we perceive seem to be best understood as systems of pure pattern, or as geometric structures of form and proportion.”
— Robert Lawlor, Sacred Geometry
Crop Circle Messages, Locations, And History
The first crop circle to be recorded dates back to 1678, with a woodcut illustrating a circle being cut from an oat field. The woodcut refers to a legend known as the “Devil’s Mowing,” feeding into the myth that circle crops are the work of otherworldly and darker influences. The connection can be made with the scythe, a common agricultural tool that might symbolize the end, or death, of an agrarian cycle.
In 1966, a crop circle was discovered in Tully, Australia that is one of the first to be connected to UFOs. The farmer who found the patterns reported seeing a “flying saucer” rising out of the area, creating what the media referred to as “flying saucer” nests.
More circles began appearing in the United Kingdom in the 1970s with most congregating in the Wiltshire area, the same region as many other ancient monuments. One in particular, discovered in 1996 across from the legendary Stonehenge had a design known as the “Julia Set,” a very complicated fractal configuration that led many to believe it was created by extraterrestrials, sending a message through sacred geometry such as the Celtic Cross, triskelion, and other intricate shapes that dot the land in more than 60 countries.
Researchers believe there are certain years in which crop circles appear more frequently and perhaps with more urgency. The tetrahedron pictogram, which appeared at the location of the Barbury Castle in 1991, made many wonder if these creations were more than meteorological phenomenon. Some took them as elaborate hoaxes by very talented tractor drivers; others saw ancient, hermetic messages in the designs, signifying the holy trinity and the realm of the divine.
As much attention as the Barbury Castle crop circle gained, which garnered the most attention from the world in 2001. The six-armed 490 wheeled circle, more than 800 feet in diameter discovered in Milk Hill, England became an overnight sensation. For weeks, helicopters hovered above it, and the result was the fact that the mystery surrounding crop circles could no longer be ignored.
Alien Crop Circle Binary Code Messages
There exists a line drawn in the world of crop circles – those who adhere to them being manmade and those who hold to the patterns being the work of extraterrestrials. For the hoaxers side of the argument, the areas the crop circles appear in are often nestled in remote, wide expanses of land, which would make it fairly easy to arrive in the middle of the night with little or no notice. For those who believe the circles were made by aliens, the methods by which they were created range from lasers, to advanced lightwave technology, to spacecraft, or even psychic energy.
In an effort to decode crop circles, a body of research has emerged. Dr. Horace Drew, a well-regarded molecular biologist from the California Institute of Technology, led these investigationsand provided crop circle decoding that concludes the patterns contain important messages from other species. While Dr. Drew does agree that many crop circles are human-made, he also states that those created by extraterrestrials contain an “advanced binary code,” either in the form of simple greetings, or as a means of communication with future civilizations.
Some of the messages Dr. Drew decoded include such sayings as “believe,” “there is good out there,” “beware the bearers of false gifts and broken promises,” and “we oppose deception,” all leading us to believe that the alien communication is intended for us to live our best lives.
The Chilbolton crop circle discovered in 2001, contains binary code of the numbers zero to ten, atomic numbers that make up human DNA, a human face, the solar system, and other human-related symbols.
In addition to studying the visual messages that are within crop circles, there is a body of sound and light vibration research that has emerged around the patterns.
Binary code from the Chilbolton crop circle
In the 1960s, Gerald Hawkins (former Boston University School of Astronomy chair), applied crop circle geometry to the Boethian scale (500 AD), and with it a way of creating music, adding the accepted belief of the relationship between geometry and sound.
More recent research by quantum physicists is revealing a wide range of electromagnetic frequency fields ranging from 260 MHz to 5.2 KHz that link the geometric patterning. Using image to sound mapping technology, interesting correlations have been found between the Milk Hill crop circle and sounds heard on other planets, including those recorded of Saturn’s Auroras by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft
Crop Circle Codes Continue
Crop circles are not going away, regardless of the doubters and the controversies surrounding them. In fact, new ones are “cropping up” every month, with the latest being photographed as recently as early July 2019. A substantial tourist industry has developed around the circles, with thousands of visitors from around the globe gathering to witness them firsthand. Some visit out of curiosity; some visit to experience the healing messages the circles are believed to contain.
Whether one believes crop circles are the work of farmers, geometric pranksters, or aliens, it can be agreed upon that the power they possess draw us back to the land, and to the ancient history contained there, as well as to what our ancestors considered to be vital to the human experience — a respect for divine mystery.
There's been little fallout from the acknowledgement of existence of the Pentagon’s secret project to investigate unidentified flying objects — the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) - and one expert believes it may be time for congressional hearings. #Tucker
NASAwas set up in part to find traces of extraterrestrial life in the universe. While the government space agency has yet to find any definitive evidence that extraterrestrials exist, one NASA scientist believes we may have already been visited by them here on Earth.
In a new research paper, Silvano P. Colombano, who in addition to being a computer scientist at NASA Ames Research Center, is also a professor, theorizes that intelligent life may not be what we are used to and may not necessarily use the traditional building blocks of that humanity is accustomed to, such as carbon.
"I simply want to point out the fact that the intelligence we might find and that might choose to find us (if it hasn’t already) might not be at all be produced by carbon based organisms like us," Colombano wrote in the paper.
So if extraterrestrials are not carbon-based, what does that do to our assumptions about what to look for? Well, a lot, Colombano noted.
"Our typical life-spans would no longer be a limitation (although even these could be dealt with multi-generational missions or suspended animation), and the size of the 'explorer' might be that of an extremely tiny super-intelligent entity," Colombano added in the paper.
Colombano also suggests that extraterrestrials may have figured out technology that humans can not comprehend yet, making tasks such as interstellar travel possible. "If we adopt a new set of assumptions about what forms of higher intelligence and technology we might find, some of those phenomena might fit specific hypotheses, and we could start some serious enquiry," he suggested.
Still, the scientist concedes that interstellar travel could be "an unbreakable barrier, over spans of thousands of years," though he added that interstellar journey could be possible depending on what we assume about various forms of life.
"Considering further that technological development in our civilization started only about 10K years ago and has seen the rise of scientific methodologies only in the past 500 years, we can surmise that we might have a real problem in predicting technological evolution even for the next thousand years, let alone 6 Million times that amount!" he explained.
Colombano, who holds a doctorate in biophysical sciences according to his page, also said that not every UFO sighting can be "explained or denied" and asked people to look through the "very large of amount of 'noise' when it comes to reporting on the subject.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Earth’s Magnetic Field Is Shifting And Geologists Don’t Know Why
Earth’s Magnetic Field Is Shifting And Geologists Don’t Know Why
By:Gaia Staff
Something strange is happening with the Earth’s magnetic field and scientists are unsure why, according to a recent paper published in the journal Nature. A consortium of geologists in charge of the World Magnetic Model are having trouble keeping track of the planet’s magnetic north pole as it rapidly shifts from Canada to northern Siberia.
Scientists updated Earth’s magnetic model in 2015, which is used for some pretty important things, including shipping navigation and GPS on smartphones. Their model was intended to last for at least five years, but due to the recent unexpected swing, it became outdated at some point in early 2018 and is now in need of adjustment.
“The error is increasing all the time,” said Arnaud Chulliat, a geomagnetist at the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Centers for Environmental Information.
Scientists say this shift is being driven by liquid iron sloshing around in the planet’s core, a natural process, but one that can vary as the flow changes. Over the past 20 million years, Earth’s magnetic field has consistently experienced a complete pole reversal – usually every 200-300,000 years.
At the moment, we’re long overdue for one of these events, with the last reversal having occurred 781,000 years ago. No one is quite sure what the consequences will be on modern infrastructure when and if that reversal happens. Many take ease in the fact that pole reversals have occurred hundreds of times in the planet’s history without catastrophe, but again, the effect on modern technology remains unknown.
Some scientists have pointed to this shift as a potential culprit in a slew of recent dolphin and whale beachings as well as other unexpected animal die-offs. It’s believed the planet’s natural magnetic field is necessary to some of these animals’ navigation when traveling and communicating over great distances underwater. One NASA scientist is currently looking into this potential connection.
In 2016, a larger-than-usual magnetic pulse shot up from South America, which scientists believe played a role in furthering the recent shift. However, they’re still unsure whether it will continue on this course, or even what will happen at all.
Could we be on the precipice of a massive geomagnetic reversal, or is this just due to slightly-more-anomalous-than-usual activity in the Earth’s core? And even more pressing – what kind of effects is this having on us?
The US Navy has arranged for one of its scientists to openly apply for patents of advanced technologies that are allegedly under experimental development, but according to multiple insiders have been covertly developed and used in secret space programs for decades. In four patent applications lodged since 2015, the applicant, Dr. Salvator Cezar Pais, who filed on behalf of the Secretary of the Navy as the Assignee, has proposed revolutionary inventions that use principles such as electromagnetic propulsion rather than more conventional liquid fuel propulsion.
In one application, Philip J. Bonzell, a Primary Patent Examiner for the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) believed the proposed invention of “A Craft Using an inertial Mass Reduction Device” was so outlandish and scientifically unfeasible that he rejected it on November 28, 2017.
The rejection led to an immediate appeal by a Navy attorney who provided a supporting letter dated December 15, 2017, by Dr. James Sheehy, the Chief Technology Officer for the Naval Aviation Enterprise. Sheehy pointed out that Pais was employed by the Navy, and was currently working on proving the feasibility of the revolutionary propulsion system for a hybrid aerospace undersea craft described in the application.
Illustration of a craft using an Inertial Mass Reduction Device
Sheehy furthermore asserted that China was seriously researching similar technologies and the Navy would face high costs if the patent weren’t granted:
2…. Dr. Pais is currently funded by NAWCAD [Naval Air War Center Aircraft Division] to design a test article instrumentation to demonstrate the experimental feasibility of achieving high electromagnetic (EM) field-energy and flux values… He is currently one year into the project and has already begun a series of experiments to design and demonstrate advanced High energy Density / High Power propulsion systems.
3… If successful the realization of this result demonstrates that this patent documents the future state of the possible and moves propulsion technology beyond gas dynamic systems to field-induced propulsion based hybrid aerospace-undersea craft…
5. Based on these initial findings I would assert this will become a reality. China is already investing significantly in this area and I would prefer we hold the patent as opposed to paying forever more to use this revolutionary technology.
In the four patents granted to Dr. Pais, on behalf of the Department of the Navy, there is little data on his background. In a detailed article titled, “Docs Show Navy Got ‘UFO’ Patent Granted By Warning Of Similar Chinese Tech Advances”, the authors, Brett Tingly and Tyler Rogoway, delved into Pais’ background and found the following:
Little information can be found about Salvatore Cezar Pais; he has virtually no web presence. What is known is that he received a PhD in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Case Western Reserve University in 1999 and that he currently works as an aerospace engineer for NAWCAD at Naval Air Station Patuxent River in Maryland – the Navy’s top aircraft test base. Pais has published several articles and presented papers at American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics conferences over the years describing his work in electromagnetic propulsion, revolutionary room temperature superconductors, and topics like his PhD dissertation: “Bubble generation under reduced gravity conditions for both co-flow and cross-flow configurations.”
One of the key observations of Tingly and Rogoway was that none of the patent applications were marked for classification, even though that was an option the Navy could easily have chosen if they wanted to maintain secrecy for national security purposes. Instead, the Pais applications ignored the option to keep the technologies secret as evidenced by his applicationfor “A Craft Using an Inertia Mass Reduction Device” where the “Request Not Publish” option is unchecked.
If such a propulsion technology was so revolutionary and if the Navy indeed wanted to keep this technology out of others’ hands, it’s curious that they would choose to make the patent public. Maybe the Navy is signaling to its adversaries that it, too, is aware of this revolutionary capability and to whom it belongs.
Given what we know about secret space programs developed by the US Navy and Air Force respectively, electromagnetic propulsion systems have been used for decades in several crafts that operate both in space and underwater. The reason why Dr. Pais chose not to mark the patent applications secret was that senior Navy officials have decided the time had come for the disclosure of advanced electromagnetic propulsion technologies that were already in operation, rather than merely innovative proposals for future development as suggested in the patent application.
By arranging for one of its scientists to not only publicly apply for patents on revolutionary propulsion technologies, but to actually intervene when the application was turned down marks an extraordinary turn of events. The US Navy is moving forward with the disclosure process and is using the US patents system as the mechanism for the general public and scientific community awakening to the revolutionary potential of propulsion and energy storage systems using electromagnetic principles.
What adds further credence to this conclusion is the role of the Navy in leaking graphic videos of US Navy jets encountering Tic Tc shaped UFOs over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in 2004 and 2014, and of the tradition breaking practice of allowing fighter pilots to give interviews of the encounters.
Normally, I would agree with others that these patents are likely just the Navy ensuring that when or if this technology does become available, the U.S. will be able to control it. However, these are not normal times. Thanks to To the Stars Academy (TTSA), the Department of Defense, and the media at large, not only are we now being told that Navy pilots have witnessed aircraft behaving exactly like the craft these patents describe, but some of the pilots’ visual descriptions of those anomalous aircraft even seem to be uncannily similar to the drawings of the aircraft as depicted in Pais’ patents.
The similarities between the technologies described in Pais’ patent applications and the Tic Tac UFO sightings clearly encourages speculation that the technologies proposed by Pais have already been developed, and that is what the Navy pilots have been witnessing. It’s worth repeating that Sheehy acknowledged in his appeal letter supporting Pais that the Chinese were already investing in such revolutionary technologies.
Indeed, Tingly and Rogoway speculated that Navy might be playing catch up to Chinese SSP who may be further along in the development of such technologies:
As striking as the similarity between the claimed capabilities of the hybrid craft and those of the objects described by Navy personnel, it’s still unknown whether these patents are related to the ongoing UFO revelations…. Perhaps the few pieces of footage that have trickled out over the last several years that some claim to show advanced craft could be the Navy’s way of subtly hinting that this concept actually works and is being tested in the field by either the U.S. or the Chinese. The fact that Sheehy would lean so heavily on the Chinese threat in the last bullet point of his appeal letter to the USPTO seems to suggest that the Navy may already be playing catch-up to a terrestrial foe.
I deeply doubt that the Navy is playing catch-up to what the Chinese have secret developed. Tingly and Rogoway do not appear to be aware of the many insiders who have come forward with their startling testimonies about U.S. reverse engineering programs involving captured flying saucer technologies that go back as far back as the 1940s.
The recent developments in the cases of Bob Lazar and Admiral Thomas Wilson who respectively described reverse engineering programs of captured alien technologies dating from the 1980s and 1990s, indicates how much public awareness has grown in understanding such programs.
Nor do Tingly and Rogoway appear aware of the Navy and Air Force having developed parallel secret space programs using advanced electromagnetic technologies as a result of their reverse engineering efforts. My latest book, the US Air Force Secret Space Program: Shifting Extraterrestrial Alliances and Space Force, provides historical documents and testimonies outlining the origins of the parallel programs, and the aerospace technologies that were covertly developed.
There is a great cause for optimism that Dr. Pais’ patents are part of an officially sanctioned disclosure process by the US Navy wanting previously suppressed technologies to be released into the public arena. The revolutionary potential of electromagnetic technologies for the aerospace industry is enormous. We are on the verge of witnessing the kind of rapid advances in the aerospace industry when it comes to energy storage and propulsion, which has become a norm in the telecommunications industry, thanks to microprocessor storage capacities doubling every two years.
Space stations of the future may be built inside distant asteroids, scientists claim.
One team of researchers found it would be possible to bore into the middle of a distant space rock, erect a space station and mine valuable minerals from within.
They proved it would be mathematically possible, with the right asteroid, to put a cylindrical space station inside a rock several hundred feet wide.
Experts say the logistical possibilities of this concept remains an issue and that it is at least several decades away from becoming a reality.
Some scientists rebuffed the research and claim not enough is known about the physical composition of asteroids to guarantee building a space station inside a huge rock would not cause it to fragment and break apart.
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An asteroid would need to be made of solid stone and spin one to three times a minute to provide enough gravity to resemble that of the Martian surface. Visualisations of the potential project have not been created and it may look like anything from a simple cavern to a complex spacecraft similar to the International Space Station
(stock image)
Thomas Maindl, from the University of Vienna in Austria, says there are two main benefits to the plan; it would allow the space station to avoid damage from radiation as well as enabling mining to take place.
'If we find an asteroid that's stable enough, we might not need these aluminium walls or anything, you might just be able to use the entire asteroid as a space station,' Dr Maindl told New Scientist.
Visualisations of the potential project have not been created and it may look like anything from a simple cavern to a complex spacecraft similar to the International Space Station.
An asteroid would need to be made of solid stone and spin one to three times a minute to provide enough gravity for the project to be successful.
If this was possible, it would create gravity similar to that of the Martian surface with approximately 38 per cent of the gravity on Earth.
WHY DO SCIENTISTS WANT TO MINE ASTEROIDS?
Several start-ups have begun to explore the idea of mining near-Earth asteroids for precious resources.
The celestial objects are made of carbon, silicon or metal, but it is metallic asteroids that mining companies are most interested in.
These rogue blocks of minerals are teeming with precious metals, including pricey platinum, which could be worth quadrillions on Earth.
Nickel, iron and gold are also found in abundance within metallic asteroids.
Nasa estimates the total value of resources locked in space rocks is £522 quintillion - equivalent to £75 billion ($100 billion) for each person on Earth.
A company could send a small space probe to intersect with asteroids as they pass near Earth, and mine them for these resources.
Experts have warned that doing so may destroy commodity prices and cause the world's economy to collapse.
Mining on the surface of most asteroids is impossible as the gravity created by the rocks is insufficient for machinery and makes hammers and other tools useless. Little is known about the physical properties of most asteroids and more information would be needed for the project to take place. The asteroid Bennu (pictured) is the focal point of new scientific studies
This, they say, would be sufficient to allow machinery to stay upright and function adequately.
Mining on the surface of most asteroids is impossible as the gravity created by the rocks renders hammers and other tools useless.
Embedding the operation inside the asteroid would enable the rapid rotation of the tumbling rock to create simulated gravity - making mining a viable option.
Details of its physical properties would need to be known beyond the limited information available for many asteroids.
'We do not know physical characteristics of the vast majority of objects in this size range,' says Peter Vereš at the International Astronomical Union's Minor Planet Center.
Digging out the innards of the asteroid with complex machinery would also be likely to make the asteroid unstable and fragment.
'The border between science and science fiction here is sort of blurry,' says Dr Maindl.
'My gut feeling is that it will be at least 20 years before any asteroid mining happens, let alone something like this.'
The research has yet to be peer-reviewed and is found in the arXiv.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPACE ROCKS?
An asteroid is a large chunk of rock left over from collisions or the early solar system. Most are located between Mars and Jupiter in the Main Belt.
A comet is a rock covered in ice, methane and other compounds. Their orbits take them much further out of the solar system.
A meteor is what astronomers call a flash of light in the atmosphere when debris burns up.
This debris itself is known as a meteoroid. Most are so small they are vapourised in the atmosphere.
If any of this meteoroid makes it to Earth, it is called a meteorite.
Meteors, meteoroids and meteorites normally originate from asteroids and comets.
For example, if Earth passes through the tail of a comet, much of the debris burns up in the atmosphere, forming a meteor shower.
Move over, International Space Station (ISS) – Austrian researchers believe it is possible to build future space stations inside the bigger asteroidsorbiting the Earth and mine the space rocks for valuable resources.
In a study supported by the University of Vienna, the researchers used mathematics to demonstrate how to dig a tunnel toward the center of an asteroid, set up shop inside the rock, and extract the minerals. If the asteroid was several hundred feet wide and sturdy enough for the job, it could host a cylinder-shaped base.
Skeptics pointed out the considerable logistical challenges faced by the asteroid-space station-mine concept. Even the Vienna researchers acknowledged the need for several decades of technological advances and the construction of other orbital infrastructure before the idea becomes feasible.
Other researchers scoffed at the idea because of the lack of sufficient information about the physical properties of asteroids. Without the benefit of reliable data, they do not know if an asteroid would maintain its integrity when astronauts try to bore a hole through it during the construction of the space station, much more during subsequent mining operations. (Related: Grueling life in space makes astronauts more susceptible to antibiotic-resistant superbugs.)
The benefits and requirements of building a space station inside an asteroid
Vienna researcher Thomas Maindl served as the primary author of the study. He presented the two strong points of his team’s concept. First, building the space station inside an asteroid protects the base and its occupants from cosmic radiation. Second, it enables mining operations in the asteroid.
“If we find an asteroid that’s stable enough, we might not need these aluminium walls or anything, you might just be able to use the entire asteroid as a space station,” he stressed in an interview.
Maindl did not present any visual representation of the asteroid space station concept. Interpretations ranged from a hollow space that was little better than a cave to something that resembled the multi-module ISS.
The qualifications for the project were steep. An asteroid should be very solid. Furthermore, it should rotate one to three times per minute, a speed that generated enough gravity for mining and other activity.
An asteroid that met both requirements would produce roughly 38 percent of the gravity found on Earth. That’s more than double the gravity on the moon – which the Europeans want to mine – and matched Mars. More importantly, it allowed heavy equipment to remain upright and work.
A spinning asteroid produces enough gravity to make mining possible
Currently, it is impossible to conduct conventional mining operations on the surface of most asteroids. The weak gravity exerted by these rocks makes mining tools useless. A drill would spin the user instead of boring into the much more massive asteroid; a jackhammer would send the miner flying into space and forget taking a hammer and chisel to it.
However, putting the mine inside an asteroid changes things. If the asteroid rotated at a sufficiently fast rate, it would produce artificial gravity inside the tunnel, enough for drills and jackhammers to work as intended.
Most asteroids remain mysterious – for example, researchers only confirmed the existence of water inside them in recent times. Furthermore, their physical properties might change if humans dug into them.
Mine collapses are a real danger on Earth. Similarly, mining an asteroid might destabilize it, although instead of collapsing inward, the space rock might fragment outward instead.
“The border between science and science fiction here is sort of blurry,” said Maindl. “My gut feeling is that it will be at least 20 years before any asteroid mining happens, let alone something like this.”
It’s been almost 15 years since NASA’s Cassini-Huygens spacecraft sent a module to the surface of Saturn’s largest moon, Titan — and much of what we’ve learned about the mysterious ocean world stems from that mission.
But NASA is planning to change that. A NASA Astrobiology Institute-funded project, led by researchers from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab, will be trying to find if life could ever exist in the oceans on the icy moon — and if its thick atmosphere could support it.
The question is whether complex hydrocarbons could exist on Titan’s surface thanks to the combination of gases found in the atmosphere, including hydrogen, methane, and nitrogen.
The news comes after NASA announced it will send a small helicopter drone to Saturn’s moon Titan to explore its surface. While NASA is planning to launch the mission in 2026, the drone won’t be able to get there any sooner than 2034.
But there’s plenty we can glean from previous data collected by Cassini-Huygens — why we suspect that Titan is covered in oceans in the first place.
“What we don’t know is the exact composition of the ocean, its density, its thermal profile, the overall structure of the icy crust on top of it,” Mike Malaska, deputy principal investigator on the project at the Jet Propulsion Lab, toldAstrobiology Magazine.
The Astrobiology Institute’s ambitious five-year project has built up a 30 member team to explore Saturn’s moon. Data will come courtesy of NASA’s Cassini-Huygens mission and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in Chile, an observatory that teams at NASA have been using to study Titan’s atmosphere.
“Our science is following the organic molecules on their path from the top of the atmosphere where they get constructed, down through the crust and into the ocean, and if there’s biology happening down there, how those organics work their way back up to the surface and become visible,” said Malaska.
The project has four key objectives. First, the team wants to understand how molecules are transported from the surface of Titan to its oceans. Second, they want to find out if complex organics are even able to survive in Titan’s vast subsurface oceans. Third — depending on how the first two objectives go — the next step is to explore how much chemical energy is available to life for metabolizing. Finally, the team wants to find a way to detect biosignatures that remain in the ocean — a particularly tricky task, given that Titan’s oceans are covered by an outer shell and an organic-rich atmosphere.
If all goes according to plan, NASA’s Dragonfly rotorcraft will touch down on the distant ocean world 15 years from now. By then, we will likely have a much better understanding of what awaits the spacecraft there.
WETENSCHAPHet mysterie rondom Stonehenge blijft groot. Zo vragen archeologen zich nog steeds af hoe de bouwers de loodzware stenen naar de site brachten. Waarschijnlijk met de hulp van varkensvet, stellen enkele onderzoekers nu in een nieuwe studie.
Stonehenge is en blijft een populair studieobject. Er circuleren dan ook vele theorieën omtrent het mysterieuze bouwwerk, alsook over de krachtpatsers die Stonehenge verwezenlijkten. Dat die krachtpatsers graag en veel aten, suggereren tal van archeologische vondsten. En varkens stonden daarbij steevast op het menu.
Over de bereidingswijze van de varkens bestaat echter enige verwarring. Volgens sommigen werd het vlees van het varken bereid in keramische potten. Door de beperkte grootte van de potten zou het varken natuurlijk in stukken gesneden zijn. Toch zijn er karkassen teruggevonden van volledige varkens. Hoe kan dat?
Enkele archeologen aan de Britse Newcastle University formuleren daar graag een antwoord op. Zij stellen dat de varkens inderdaad aan het spit bereid werden. Dat verklaart meteen de volledige karkassen die teruggevonden werden rondom de historische site.
Maar waarom zaten er eveneens hoge concentraties varkensvet op de resten van het aardwerk? Om die vraag te beantwoorden, introduceren de onderzoekers een nieuwe theorie. Vermoedelijk werd het aardwerk niet gebruikt om te koken, maar wel om varkensvet te verzamelen.
Dat vet zou het vervoeren van de zware megalieten een beetje vergemakkelijkt hebben. Om de zware stenen te verplaatsen, hebben de bouwers waarschijnlijk gebruik gemaakt van houten sleeën en boomstammen. Dierenvet zou de wrijving tussen de stenen en het hout hebben verminderd waardoor het makkelijker werd om de megalieten te vervoeren.
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Steve Quayle: Ancient Egyptians in the Grand Canyon
Steve Quayle: Ancient Egyptians in the Grand Canyon
Steve Quayle is a researcher and author of over a dozen books dealing with advanced ancient technology and civilizations.
His documentary film production company Gensix Productions films the “True Legends The Series” all over the world in search of the Lost Cities and the giants of history who were the builders of the great megalithic structures of the ancient world.
Steve is a former talk radio show host who has been warning against genetic armageddon and the end of the human race for decades. He claims transhumanism and the hybrid age is the most dangerous advancement in the technological war against humanity in history.
SpaceX wiggles Starhopper’s Raptor engine, tests parts ahead of hover test debut
SpaceX wiggles Starhopper’s Raptor engine, tests parts ahead of hover test debut
On the evening of July 12th, SpaceX technicians put Starhopper’s freshly-installed Raptor – serial number 06 (SN06) – through a simple but decidedly entertaining test, effectively wiggling the engine in circles.
Designed to verify that Raptor’s thrust vectoring capabilities are in order and ensure that Starhopper and the engine are properly communicating, the wiggle test is a small but critical part of pre-flight acceptance and a good indicator that the low-fidelity Starship prototype is nearing its first hover test(s). Roughly 48 hours after a successful series of wiggles, Starhopper and Raptor proceeded into the next stage of pre-flight acceptance, likely the final more step before a tethered static fire.
Video of the SN6 Raptor TVC (Thrust Vector Control) Checks on Starhopper – July 12-13, 2019 – recorded by @BocaChicaGal for NSF.
Routine for all Falcon rockets, SpaceX’s exceptionally rigorous practice of static firing all hardware at least once (and often several times) before launch has unsurprisingly held firm as the company proceeds towards integrated Starhopper and Starship flight tests. Despite the fact that Raptor SN06 completed a static fire as recently July 10th, SpaceX will very likely put Starhopper and its newly-installed Raptor through yet another pre-flight static fire, perhaps its fourth or fifth test this month.
Although it would undoubtedly be easier, cheaper, and faster to skip that post-delivery static fire, it will simultaneously lower the risk of Raptor failing mid-flight and verify that Starhopper itself is healthy and ready for untethered hovering. Although SpaceX could likely live without Starhopper in the event that it’s lost during flight-testing, any failure capable of destroying the vehicle itself is at least as capable of severely damaging or completely destroying the spartan but still expansive test and launch facilities the company built over the course of several months.
SpaceX has been hard at work gradually building, expanding, and upgrading its South Texas launch facilities since December 2018.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal, 04/27/2019)
Would you like some testing with your testing?
Follow July 12th’s nighttime Raptor wiggle test, July 13th was mainly quiet and filled with inspections of Starhopper, Raptor, and other various work. The day after, however, SpaceX proceeded through several hours of propellant loading, ending with what looked like less energetic versions of the Raptor preburner ignition tests Starhopper previously performed with Raptor SN02.
In a staged-combustion engine like Raptor, getting from the supercool liquid oxygen and methane propellant to 200+ tons of thrust is quite literally staged, meaning that the ignition doesn’t happen all at once. Rather, the preburners – essentially their own, unique combustion chambers – ignite an oxygen- or methane-rich mixture, the burning of which produces the gas and pressure that powers the turbines that bring fuel into the main combustion chamber. That fuel then ignites, producing thrust as they exit the engine’s bell-shaped nozzle.
The first obvious test occurred around 7:30pm CT, July 14th.(LabPadre)
The second obvious test followed around 8:50 pm CT.
Although the fireworks are so subtle that they are easily missed, the conditions inside the preburner – hidden away from view – are actually far more intense than the iconic blue, purple, and pink flame that exists Raptor’s nozzle. This is because the preburners have to nurture the conditions necessary for the pumps they power to fuel the main combustion chamber. Much like hot water will cool while traveling through pipes, the superheated gaseous propellant that Raptor ignites to produce thrust will also cool (and thus lose pressure) as it travels from Raptor’s preburner to the main combustion chamber.
Thus, if the head pressure produced in the preburners is too low, Raptor’s thrust will be (roughly speaking) proportionally limited at best. At worst, low pressure in the preburners can completely prevent Raptor from starting and running stably and can even trigger a “hard start” or shutdown that could damage or destroy the engine. As such, to preburners fundamentally have to operate at higher chamber pressures (and thus higher temperatures) than the main combustion chamber (the big firey bit at the end). According to Elon Musk, Raptor’s oxygen preburner has the worst of it, operating at pressures as high or higher than 800 bar (11,600 psi, 80 megapascals).
Coincidentally, this is roughly equivalent to the pressure at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
Starhopper and Raptor seen on the afternoon of July 14th, preparing for an evening of testing.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)
In short, preburner testing is no less critical than full-on static fire testing with an engine like Raptor. July 14th’s test was also made doubly efficient due to the fact that preburner testing requires liquid propellant, which effectively makes the whole test a wet dress rehearsal (WDR) even before any engine ignition or partial ignition is involved. Per SpaceX moving from propellant loading to preburner/turbine testing, Starhopper is almost certainly healthy and operating as expected, an excellent sign that the ungainly vessel may be ready for a static fire of Raptor as early as 2pm CT, July 15th.
I can’t. Stop. Watching. This. Hey @elonmusk, Raptor has a little dance just for you.
Check out Teslarati’s newsletters for prompt updates, on-the-ground perspectives, and unique glimpses of SpaceX’s rocket launch and recovery processes.
As if black holes weren’t mysterious enough, astronomers using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have found an unexpected thin disk of material furiously whirling around a supermassive black hole at the heart of the magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 3147, located 130 million light-years away.
The conundrum is that the disk shouldn’t be there, based on current astronomical theories. However, the unexpected presence of a disk so close to a black hole offers a unique opportunity to test Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity. General relativity describes gravity as the curvature of space and special relativity describes the relationship between time and space.
A Hubble Space Telescope image of the spiral galaxy NGC 3147 appears next to an artist’s illustration of the supermassive black hole residing at the galaxy’s core. The Hubble image shows off the galaxy’s sweeping spiral arms, full of young blue stars, pinkish nebulas, and dust in silhouette. However, at the brilliant core of NGC 3147 lurks a monster black hole, weighing about 250 million times the mass of our Sun. Hubble observations of the black hole demonstrate two of Einstein’s theories of relativity. The reddish-yellow features swirling around the center are the glow of light from gas trapped by the hefty black hole’s powerful gravity. The black hole is embedded deep within its gravitational field, shown by the green grid that illustrates warped space. The gravitational field is so strong that light is struggling to climb out, a principal described in Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Material also is whipping so fast around the black hole that it brightens as it approaches Earth on one side of the disk and gets fainter as it moves away. This effect, called relativistic beaming, was predicted by Einstein’s theory of special relativity. NGC 3147 is located 130 million light-years away in the northern circumpolar constellation Draco the Dragon.
Credits: Hubble Image: NASA, ESA, S. Bianchi (Università degli Studi Roma Tre University), A. Laor (Technion-Israel Institute of Technology), and M. Chiaberge (ESA, STScI, and JHU); illustration: NASA, ESA, and A. Feild and L. Hustak (STScI)
“We’ve never seen the effects of both general and special relativity in visible light with this much clarity,” said Marco Chiaberge of the European Space Agency, and the Space Telescope Science Institute and Johns Hopkins University, both in Baltimore, Maryland, a member of the team that conducted the Hubble study.
“This is an intriguing peek at a disk very close to a black hole, so close that the velocities and the intensity of the gravitational pull are affecting how the photons of light look,” added the study’s first author, Stefano Bianchi of Università degli Studi Roma Tre, in Rome, Italy. “We cannot understand the data unless we include the theories of relativity.”
Black holes in certain types of galaxies like NGC 3147 are malnourished because there is not enough gravitationally captured material to feed them regularly. So, the thin haze of infalling material puffs up like a donut rather than flattening out in a pancake-shaped disk. Therefore, it is very puzzling why there is a thin disk encircling a starving black hole in NGC 3147 that mimics much more powerful disks found in extremely active galaxies with engorged, monster black holes.
“We thought this was the best candidate to confirm that below certain luminosities, the accretion disk doesn’t exist anymore,” explained Ari Laor of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology located in Haifa, Israel. “What we saw was something completely unexpected. We found gas in motion producing features we can explain only as being produced by material rotating in a thin disk very close to the black hole.”
The astronomers initially selected this galaxy to validate accepted models about lower-luminosity active galaxies—those with black holes that are on a meager diet of material. Models predict that an accretion disk forms when ample amounts of gas are trapped by a black hole’s strong gravitational pull. This infalling matter emits lots of light, producing a brilliant beacon called a quasar, in the case of the most well-fed black holes. Once less material is pulled into the disk, it begins to break down, becomes fainter, and changes structure.
“The type of disk we see is a scaled-down quasar that we did not expect to exist,” Bianchi said. “It’s the same type of disk we see in objects that are 1,000 or even 100,000 times more luminous. The predictions of current models for gas dynamics in very faint active galaxies clearly failed.”
The disk is so deeply embedded in the black hole’s intense gravitational field that the light from the gas disk is modified, according to Einstein’s theories of relativity, giving astronomers a unique look at the dynamic processes close to a black hole.
Hubble clocked material whirling around the black hole as moving at more than 10% of the speed of light. At those extreme velocities, the gas appears to brighten as it travels toward Earth on one side, and dims as it speeds away from our planet on the other side (an effect called relativistic beaming). Hubble’s observations also show that the gas is so entrenched in the gravitational well the light is struggling to climb out, and therefore appears stretched to redder wavelengths. The black hole’s mass is around 250 million Suns.
The researchers used Hubble’s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) to observe matter swirling deep inside the disk. A spectrograph is a diagnostic tool that divides light from an object into its many individual wavelengths to determine its speed, temperature, and other characteristics at a very high precision. The astronomers needed STIS’s sharp resolution to isolate the faint light from the black-hole region and block out contaminating starlight.
“Without Hubble, we wouldn’t have been able to see this because the black-hole region has a low luminosity,” Chiaberge said. “The luminosities of the stars in the galaxy outshine anything in the nucleus. So if you observe it from the ground, you’re dominated by the brightness of the stars, which drowns the feeble emission from the nucleus.”
The team hopes to use Hubble to hunt for other very compact disks around low-wattage black holes in similar active galaxies.
The international team of astronomers in this study consists of Stefano Bianchi (Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy); Robert Antonucci (University of California, Santa Barbara, California); Alessandro Capetti (INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy); Marco Chiaberge (Space Telescope Science Institute and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland); Ari Laor (Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel); Loredana Bassani (INAF/IASF Bologna, Italy); Francisco Carrera (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain); Fabio La Franca, Andrea Marinucci, Giorgio Matt, and Riccardo Middei (Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Roma, Italy); and Francesca Panessa (INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy).
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and ESA (European Space Agency). NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the telescope. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, conducts Hubble science operations. STScI is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy in Washington, D.C.
Contacts and sources: Claire Andreoli NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Donna Weaver / Ray Villard Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Stefano Bianchi Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Italy
Marco Chiaberge Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
Gary McKinnon's Secret Space Program Reports - Solar Warden Deepest Dive Ever!
Gary McKinnon's Secret Space Program Reports - Solar Warden Deepest Dive Ever!
The secret space program: Solar Warden Research DEEPEST DIVE EVER! You won’t want to miss this! Tracing the roots of the classified mission, solar warden, which is an alleged military space force program.
In this video you continue to drill into the space fleet story and evidence, because this is stranger than fiction. Forget about nasa’s unexplained files.
Join joe from the carolinas in venturing Beyond Theory with NEW foia details, a review of whistleblower Gary McKinnon’s reports, logical breakdowns, as well as the data-informed speculation.
Can animals mourn their dead? Do they recognize when one of their own has fallen and give it thought? Us humans like to think we are pretty special, sitting high and mighty above the “animal world” below us. We like to think that we are pretty damn unique, and that it is only us who display any sense of recognizing and fearing death, even mourning it, but there just so happen to be other animals that possibly do this same thing, and one of these is perhaps quite a surprise, as it turns out that crows show bevahior that is perhaps quite similar to our own mourning practices.
Some of the most intelligent animals on our planet are a group of birds called the corvids, which include crows, jays, magpies, and ravens. They have demonstrated teamwork, complex social behaviors, advanced problem solving, the ability to hold grudges, an uncanny ability to recognize faces, and even tool-using, all to a spectacular degree that shows remarkable cognitive capabilities that we are learning about all of the time, but one very mysterious behavior among especially crows that has long held a certain macabre quality to it is their tendency to hold what are called “crow funerals.” Whenever one of their own species dies, other crows in the area will flock to the scene and linger about the corpse, squawking loudly and refusing to leave, in a strange gathering that has long been suspected to be some sort of mourning ritual and contemplation of their dead being carried out by the animals.
This has long been a perplexing mystery for scientists, and although this “funeral” behavior is still not completely understood there have been efforts to get to the bottom of it, and try to ascertain if these birds are indeed mourning their dead or if it is something else. Perhaps the most in depth research on the phenomenon has been carried out by a team led by Kaeli Swift, a PhD student in environmental science and biologist John Marzluff, both of the University of Washington, and who together carried out a two-year study to try and figure out what is going on here. One of the first things they found was that, unlike many animals, crows actually recognize the concept of death, understand that one of their own has died, and react to it in some pretty potent and interesting ways.
It was already known before this experiment was carried out that crows have an incredible ability to not only recognize and indefinitely remember individual human faces, but to also teach other crows about those faces, especially if they are considered a threat. This was brought to light in 2008 by Marzluff, who devised an experiment wherein volunteers in cavemen masks would harass crows, whereas others in Dick Cheney masks would feed them. It did not take long at all for the crows to display aggressive mobbing behavior towards the “cavemen,” even individual crows who had never seen the cavemen before and regardless of whether they were engaging in threatening behavior at that moment, indicating that some sort of social learning was going on, and the crows would remember for years. This was seen as a useful trick for efficiently sifting out who was a threat and who meant to give food, but it was not known just how deeply this went until he and Swift teamed up for their new study.
To test this out further, the team set up an experiment that began with Swift leaving out food for the birds to eat at regular times, after which they associated the area with food and quickly learned when it would be set out, always congregating at the same spot at the same time every day. Then a variety of different volunteers were sent in to elicit different reactions from the birds, all of them wearing different latex masks to obscure their real faces. Among the volunteers were those who approached the crows empty handed, those who had with them a taxidermy specimen of a crow predator, others who had a specimen of a pigeon, and then Swift, who was the one who brought food.
It was found that the ones with a pigeon were mostly ignored, as were the empty handed ones, but the ones holding a predator would be mostly avoided and squawked at from afar, and the one with the dead crow would be actively mobbed and threatened by groups of the birds. If this mask showed up empty handed, the crows remembered it and mobbed the volunteer even in the absence of the dead bird. The birds would also be warier about approaching the location where this particular mask wearer had shown up. It did not matter who wore the mask, as it could be switched between wearers with the same effects, it was the appearance of the mask itself that set off their alarm bells, and they only got aggravated when the one who had held a dead crow was in sight. Even birds that had not witnessed the original display of the taxidermy specimen were clued in to what was going on, meaning they had been taught this. For six weeks the volunteers returned to the scene empty-handed, and the crows still reacted the same ways depending on the mask worn. As for the one who fed them, the crows would show great favor towards this one, and not show any aggressive behavior at all. Curiously, the actual death of the crow did not have to be witnessed by the animals to elicit a reaction, just the corpse. Swift would say of it all:
I was always the friendly feeder, which was nice, I never made any crow enemies. I would put my food out, then this second person would show up. They would be holding a dead crow, not violently, not reenacting a death scene, just holding it like they were picking it up to throw it in rubbish, palms outstretched like you might hold a plate of hors d’oeuvre.
This is interesting in that other research has shown that crows will even on occasion bring “gifts” for the ones who feed them, while remembering the faces of their enemies and teaching others of this. Considering that the crows clearly recognize when a dead one of their own kind is present, it shows a particular cognitive ability, of which Swift says:
It tells us that crows view death, at least in part, as a ‘teachable moment’ to borrow an anthropomorphic phrase. It’s a signal of danger and danger is something to be avoided. They know what death is and know to fear it. It’s amazing to think a crow — a bird — is doing something like this that so few other animals are doing that we know.
This fear of death upon seeing a corpse of one of their brethren, to recognize and even perhaps mourn death, may seem pretty obvious to us, but there are only a very few types of animals known to actually have this reaction, including humans, elephants, giraffes, chimpanzees, dolphins, and several other corvid species. So what does this have to do with those “crow funerals” we were talking about earlier? Well, although it could be a type of mourning, Swift and team think it might have more to do with the crows studying the area and trying to learn what the threat is, trying to figure out who is a friendly person and who is a threat. As Swift says, “By participating in these funerals, crows can get information about new dangers without taking the risk.” However, she still does not rule out that they may indeed be showing mourning behavior as well.
The study was published in a 2015 article in the journal Animal Behaviour, and it is a rather intriguing theory on crow funerals and the behaviors and cognitive functions that drive them. Whether the birds are actually displaying mourning behavior or not, it is still pretty damn clever that they are able to do this, and it probably has to do with the birds evolving right along such close proximity to human beings. It is an excellent chance to study the similarities between these birds and us, and what that means, with Swift saying:
This work is another example of how crows have evolved to live so successfully with us. They can learn our faces and do so in an impressive number of circumstances including when we have appeared to out ourselves as one of those prickly neighbors by interacting with their dead. If you step back and examine how distantly related crows are from us, and our closest mammalian relatives, you start to see how striking this shared interest in our dead is. It’s a chance to unlock deep mysteries about the evolution of our own funeral rites, and appreciate how much we share with our black cloaked companions, even if they look nothing like us.
Despite the study, it is still unclear exactly what drives this funeral behavior in crows, but we do know that they in fact recognize death to some extent and fear it. Does this mean that they mourn their fallen as well? Are we perhaps not alone in our ability to contemplate our mortality and show sympathy for those who are not with us anymore or is it seen in other animals as well? In recent years with more and more research into animal psychology and behavior it is becoming more and more apparent that we are perhaps not so unique as we would sometimes like to believe, and the animal world is still a very mysterious place that is bound to turn up more surprises.
Two UFOs On Google Sky Map, Can We Contact Them? UFO Sighting News.
Two UFOs On Google Sky Map, Can We Contact Them? UFO Sighting News.
Coordinates: -27.413253° -117.047394° Object #2: -27.468549° -117.189112° I found these three objects that look like artificial structures. Why would aliens need a planet when they can create structures even bigger than some planets? Think of it this way, Earth is about 3.5 billion years old, but there universe is said to be 13.5 billion years old. Therefore about 75% of the planets in our universe are older than Earth. Can you imagine a species having technology for over a billion years? Well how about 10 billion years? Such a species would be gods in our eyes. So it looks like we need to aim communication radio telescopes in this direction to send signals in hopes of contacting them. Perhaps sending that Carl Sagan greeting from 1974 might be a good place to start. Many say we should not try to contact them...but guys, they know we are here. Remember its us, not them with lack of technology to scan the universe well. Scott C. Waring
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
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