The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
05-02-2020
Citizen scientists identify new form of northern lights
Citizen scientists identify new form of northern lights
Space researchers and amateur photographers in Finland have identified a new type of aurora, or northern lights. They call them “dunes.” Read more and see a video.
Something new under the sun! Working together with space researchers, Finnish amateur photographers have announced a type of aurora, or northern lights, never before described. They call the green-tinged aurora dunes, because, they said, it appears as an evenly spaced pattern of waves, resembling:
… a striped veil of clouds or dunes on a sandy beach.
The scientific community has acknowledged the newly categorized northern lights via the publication on January 28, 2020, of a study in a peer-reviewed journal, AGU Advances. The study tracked the origin of the dunes to the mesosphere and its boundary, the mesopause.
A statement from University of Helsinki explained how aurorae are made:
The sun releases a steady flow of charged particles, known as the solar wind. Reaching the Earth’s ionized upper atmosphere, the ionosphere, they create auroral emissions by exciting atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The excitation state is released as auroral light.
Finnish nature photographer Matti Helin took some of the photos that led to the new categorization and understanding of the dune-like northern lights.
Like most scientific discoveries, the new form of northern lights came to be identified both serendipitously and also with some serious effort.Matti Helin, a northern lights and astronomy hobbyist who took part in the study, told EarthSky:
On October 7, 2015, there was a magnificent storm of auroras. One observer, Mikko Peussa, uploaded his photos and wondered what were these strange stripes in the picture. The same phenomenon was photographed by several people that night, including me.
He said the photos were posted at the website Taivaanvahti, which is an observation system maintained by Astronomical Association Ursa of Finland. A discussion began about the unusual lights. Helin said:
Taivaanvahti was the initial place where the seeds for this project were planted.
Aurora expert Minna Palmroth was writing a book – with the help of aurora photographers – when the hobbyists pointed out to her the new form of northern lights not previously categorized.
Then, in late 2018, Minna Palmroth, an aurora expert at the University of Helsinki, published a book titled Revontulibongarin opas (A guide for aurora borealis watchers):
The book was born out of Palmroth’s cooperation with northern lights enthusiasts and the answers she provided to questions about the physics of the phenomenon in the hobbyists’ Facebook group [the group is called Revontulikyttääjät or Aurora Stalkers). Thousands of magnificent photographs of the northern lights taken by hobbyists were surveyed and categorized for the book. Each auroral form is like a fingerprint, typical only of a certain phenomenon in the auroral zone.
During the classification, hobbyists pointed out that a certain auroral form did not fit into any of the pre-existing categories. Palmroth set aside these unusual forms for later consideration.
By an almost unbelievable coincidence, just days after the book was published, the hobbyists saw this unusual form again and immediately informed Palmroth.
Matti Helin commented:
One of the most memorable moments of our research collaboration was when the phenomenon appeared at that specific time and we were able to examine it in real time.
The new observations helped them all identify and categorize the new form. Helin said:
It was like piecing together a puzzle or conducting detective work. Every day we found new images and came up with new ideas. Eventually, we got to the bottom of it…
Palmroth and the citizen scientists believe that the dune-shaped auroral emissions are created when solar wind charges the oxygen atoms in a particular way. It happens when a rare gravity wave rising up in the atmosphere is filtered and bent to travel between the mesopause and an inversion layer intermittently formed below the mesopause. The mesopause and the inversion layer are colder than the other layers of the atmosphere. A wave channel is established between the two layers. In that channel, gravity waves coming from below can travel long distances without subsiding.
It’s gravity waves surging through the channel that create the dune-shaped northern lights.
Palmroth and the citizen scientists said this new auroral form provides researchers with a novel way to investigate conditions in the upper atmosphere.
How the new form of dune-like northern lights are created. A gravity wave rises up in the atmosphere and begins to travel between the mesopause and an inversion layer intermittently formed below the mesopause. A wave channel is established between the 2 layers. It’s gravity waves surging through the channel that create the dune-shaped northern lights.
The new auroral form – called “dunes” – appears as a green-tinged and evenly spaced pattern of waves resembling “a striped veil of clouds or dunes on a sandy beach.”
By the way, auroras on Earth are seen at high latitudes throughout each year, but – because they stem from activity on the sun – they are most intense and frequent when the sun is in an active part of its 11-year cycle. We’ve been at the low point of a cycle – with few spots seen on the sun’s surface, for example – but the sun should begin rising in activity soon, if it hasn’t begun already. The new cycle will be Cycle 25. It’s expected to be average in intensity, similar to Cycle 24. In the meantime, here’s a beautiful photo from Matti Helin of northern lights seen from Finland, captured in September 2019. It’s not the new form! But we know you’ll enjoy it …
In these images, the edge of the dunes are marked with numbered points in purple.
AGU
Bottom line: Finnish scientists and amateur photographers have identified a new type of aurora. They call it dunes, because, they said, it resembles wavy beach sand dunes.
With the potential to cause sea levels to rise by more than 11 feet and unleash the ice of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the massive Totten Glacier has come to be known as the ‘sleeping giant.’
And now, scientists have discovered that strong winds over the Southern Ocean could be causing it to wake up.
A new study has found that East Antarctica’s largest glacier is melting from beneath, as winds transport warm water to the ice – and, these winds are expected to intensify with climate change, the experts warn.
Scroll down for video
The research revealed that the glacier’s flow speeds up when winds over the Southern Ocean are strong.These winds pull warm water up from the deep ocean, in a process known as upwelling.
EAST ANTARCTICA MORE STABLE THAN THE WEST
A recent study conducted by researchers based at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis has found that the central core of the East Antarctic ice sheet should remain stable even if the West Antarctic ice sheet melts.
The West Antarctic ice sheet is a marine-based ice sheet that is mostly grounded below sea level, which makes it much more susceptible to changes in sea level and variations in ocean temperature than the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
By contrast the East Antarctic ice sheet has been considered relatively stable because most of the ice sheet was though to rest on bedrock above sea level, making it less susceptible to changes in climate.
In the study, led by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin, used satellite images and wind stress data to investigate the effect of wind on the water beneath the glacier.
While the glacier is known to speed up some years, it also slows down in others.
The research revealed that the glacier’s flow speeds up when winds over the Southern Ocean are strong.
These winds pull warm water up from the deep ocean, in a process known as upwelling.
The warm water climbs to the continental shelf – and, once it reaches the coast, it circulates beneath a floating chunk of the glacier, and causes the ice sheet to melt from below, according to the researchers.
‘Totten has been called the sleeping giant because it’s huge and has been seen as insensitive to changes in its environment,’ said lead author Chad Greene, a PhD candidate at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG).
‘But we’ve shown that if Totten is asleep, it’s certainly not in a coma – we’re seeing signs of responsiveness, and it might just take the wind blowing to wake it up.’
Wind strength varies from year to year, the researchers explain.
But, climate change is expected to intensify the winds over the Southern Ocean, which could, in turn, effect the melting of the Totten Glacier.
The process does not require the air or ocean temperatures to rise – instead, upwelling occurs as the wind displaces the surface water, making way for the deeper, warmer water.
‘It’s like when you blow across a hot bowl of soup and little bits of noodles from the bottom begin to swirl around and rise to the top,’ said Greene.
The new study follows up on previous research led by a team with the Australian Antarctic Division at the Antarctic Climate & Ecosystems Cooperative Research Center.
That research found that the warm water below Totten causes the glacier to detach from the seafloor, and instead float.
This can cause the flow to further accelerate.
With the potential to cause sea levels to rise by more than 11 feet and unleash the ice of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the massive Totten Glacier has come to be known as the ‘sleeping giant’
‘The remaining question was, why do the canyons beneath Totten get flushed with warm water some years and cold water other years,’ said Jason Roberts, a glaciologist who led the earlier study.
The findings suggest melting at Totten could become more extreme as winds grow stronger with climate change.
‘Ice sheet sensitivity to wind forcing has been hypothesized for a long time, but it takes decades of observation to show unequivocal cause and effect,’ said Donald Blankenship, a senior researcher at UTIG who contributed to this study and Roberts’ study.
‘Now we’re at the point where we can explicitly show the links between what happens in the atmosphere, what happens in the ocean, and what happens to the Antarctic Ice Sheet.’
Astronaut Screams At The Sight Of A UFO When Approaching The ISS
Astronaut Screams At The Sight Of A UFO When Approaching The ISS
It is very intriguing to note the automatic, conditioned reaction of the fellow astronaut who immediately calmed her with an apparent sense of urgency before she could even fully let out a scream.
Italy's first female astronaut, Samantha Cristoforetti can be heard shouting over the comms from her Soyuz spacecraft during docking maneuvers with the International space Station. What was the cause of her alarm?
Would or even could NASA tell us if they think E.T.'s may be monitoring our world? Wouldn't they have to withhold such information, if it were true as a matter of national and international security in fact?
An image from NASA's STEREO spacecraft shows an apparently quiet sun on Nov. 9, 2018, when NASA's Parker Solar Probe was studying a "stealth" coronal mass ejection.
Coronal mass ejections aren't known for being subtle: Each such event can fling huge amounts of the soup of charged particles called plasma off the sun and out into the solar system.
In November 2018, as seen from Earth and certain spacecraft, the sun seemed to be calm. But it wasn't: The sun was experiencing what scientists call a "stealth" coronal mass ejection. And conveniently, NASA's Parker Solar Probe was completing its first close pass behind the sun, putting its instruments in a perfect position to see what was happening on Nov. 11 and 12 during this usually cryptic event.
"If you've ever seen a coronal mass ejection image, you normally see a lot of activity in these images," Kelly Korreck, a solar physicist at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, said during a presentation last month at the 235th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Honolulu. "You would see a large blowout, you would probably see one of these exploding. But as you saw in this video, there wasn't much there."
Even in some of the Parker Solar Probe data, it wasn't obvious at first what was happening during the incident, Korreck said. "When we looked at this initially, just the thermal data, we didn't necessarily think that there was a coronal mass ejection there," she said.
But other observations targeting energetic particles did include the fingerprint of a shock, a phenomenon that usually accompanies a coronal mass ejection. Scientists could also confirm the probe was flying through a coronal mass ejection based on data its instruments were gathering about the magnetic field.
The Parker Solar Probe is flying closer to the sun than any spacecraft ever has, which means it can study coronal mass ejections earlier in their development than other probes can. That means scientists hope the probe's data could help better pinpoint where on the sun an individual coronal mass ejection is born.
But just seeing a stealth coronal mass ejection is a step in the right direction, according to Korreck. "They're something that we're not traditionally able to see in the ways that we've previously detected coronal mass ejections," she said. "We're starting to see hints of them with better and better telescope resolution. However, at the same time, we've kind of reached the end where we actually have to go in situ to do a better measurement." And there's nothing more in situ than Parker Solar Probe.
Within our solar system, coronal mass ejections are important because they can interfere with communications and navigation satellites orbiting Earth. And the farther astronauts venture from Earth, the more vulnerable they will be to the potential health impacts of such blasts. That's when learning to see coronal mass ejections we currently miss would become particularly important.
Such phenomena are also intriguing because our sun is a star like any other. Scientists have spotted coronal mass ejections produced by other stars, but they'll never be able to see all such distant events.
"This is another class that definitely can't be seen on other stars," Korreck said. "Is there a way that we can do this with Parker [Solar Probe] to better understand what's going on in other star systems?"
Ondanks dat er heel veel nepbeelden rondzwerven op internet komt er af en toe ook wat betrouwbaar materiaal bovendrijven.
En in enkele daarvan verschijnen vreemde piramidevormige objecten in de lucht.
We beginnen met een lezer die het volgende bericht stuurt (dank!):
Van de week was ik aan t rondkijken op Google Earth, ik zoomde zomaar ergens op in en kwam bij deze foto terecht. Jullie kunnen dit zelf vinden als je bv “half way across australia of kimba intikt” Ik merk wel meer foto’s op door de jaren heen met een ‘extra’ zon/ster Links boven de zon (ook op deze foto dus) en volg dan ook t verhaal rond niburu wel. Maar boven dat extra lichtpuntje zag ik tot mijn verbazing deze piramide in de lucht.
Het blauwe bolletje op de afbeelding is een lensflare, maar daarboven is heel duidelijk een piramidevormig object waar te nemen. Aangezien de opname afkomstig is van Google Earth nemen we aan dat er niet mee is geknoeid en dat zich daar wel degelijk iets bevindt.
Een object dat een beetje half "gecloaked" is, onzichtbaar voor het oog, maar dat er wel degelijk is. Dat cloaken/onzichtbaar maken vindt ook vaak plaats door de vorm van een wolk aan te nemen, maar daar is in dit geval geen sprake van omdat het een helder blauwe lucht is.
Om dat soort objecten toch zichtbaar te maken, maken ufo-spotters vaak gebruik van infrarood camera's zoals we eerder schreven.
Het toeval wil dat de bekende Youtuber Mr. MB333 ook een opname heeft van een gecloakte piramide in de lucht. Dit keer is het wel een wolk die een rol speelt en de foto is enkele dagen geleden gemaakt door één van zijn volgens in Tulsa in de Amerikaanse staat Oklahoma.
Op volgende foto zie je de piramide rechtsboven en het zwarte pijltje ernaast rechts is de cursor van Mr. MB333, dus geen ufo. Rechts onderin beeld, net boven het gebouw, is wel ook nog een schotelvormige gecloakte ufo te zien denken wij.
De volgende foto geeft een wat duidelijker beeld van de piramide vormige ufo.
Zoals een vrouw genaamd Venetia enkele dagen geleden overkwam in de buurt van de Amerikaanse stad Philadelphia. Ze zag een piramide in de lucht en terwijl normaal gesproken piramides ferm op de grond staan, was dat hier niet het geval.
Ook scheen er een soort verlichting van achter de piramide te zijn, waardoor het object goed zichtbaar was aan de avondhemel. Wat het is, weet tot op dit moment helemaal niemand.
In december 2018 schreven wij het volgende over piramidevormige ufo's:
Ondanks dat de waarneming boven Moskou negen jaar geleden plaatsvond, is niemand er nog is geslaagd om hier een verklaring voor te vinden.
Om te zien hoe het er in Moskou destijds uitzag, hierna nog eens de opname:
Nu zijn we negen jaar verder en wordt er boven het Pentagon in Amerika een vergelijkbaar object waargenomen.
Een lezer schrijft daarover het volgende:
Het is op 19 december al gebeurd, en ik dacht: jullie rapporteren er ook wel over, maar dat hebben jullie nog niet gedaan. Het gaat om een piramidevormige UFU boven het Pentagon. Eerder, in 2009 en opnieuw in 2013, is eenzelfde object ook al uitgebreid gefilmd boven het Kremlin in Moskou.
Omdat er meerdere opnames zijn, ook van de UFO boven het Kremlin, lijken filmbewerkingen in deze gevallen uitgesloten. Ook een Russische politicus ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Pushkov ) heeft de UFO boven het Kremlin dus besproken in zijn politieke praatprogramma op de Russische televisie, en hij heeft het zeer serieus genomen.
De opname vanuit een auto, op 19 december, is naar mijn mening echt spectaculair. Ze rijden vlak langs het Pentagon en ze zeggen op een gegeven moment dat de UFO verdwenen is, terwijl op hetzelfde moment op hun opname, boven in beeld, je de gigantische UFO nog gewoon kan zien, maar ze kijken er onder door of ze herkennen de vorm even niet.
Volgens mij zijn deze beelden net zo spectaculair als indertijd de UFO boven de Rotskoepel op de Tempelberg in Jerusalem, alleen gaat het nu om een veel groter object dat ook veel langer is blijven hangen, met name indertijd in Moskou boven het Kremlin, en dit object is kennelijk geïnteresseerd in de beleidsmakers/machtscentra van de twee grootste kernmachten.
Tot zover de lezer.
Hier volgt een derde opname gemaakt van de vreemde ufo boven het Pentagon:
For those hoping to one day escape climate change on Earth before the polar ice caps melt and cover major cities with water, you can cross Mars off of your list of potential sanctuary planets. New videos from the Red Planet show white ice caps melting and that’s making some folks blue … although not at NASA.
“This animation shows where a section of the slope at right has collapsed since three Mars-years ago and deposited a field of ice blocks.”
Planetary geologist Alfred McEwen is referring to a HiRise image from Mars released on January 31, 2020. HiRise is the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter which is taking extremely high resolution photographs — 0.3 m/pixel (about 1 foot). This is the camera which has picked up both the Mars Opportunity and Curiosity rovers. The “animation” (watch it here) switches between two photographs of the same spot – one taken on December 25, 2019, and the other three Martian years (2,61 days or 5.6 Earth years) ago.
Fallen ice blocks from polar cap collapsing
The images are from the Martian north pole and show a solid ice cap 5.6 years ago and a pile of ice block rubble today. Ice falling off of the ice cap can’t be good news … it’s terrible news in Antarctica, where the melting of the so-called Doomsday Glacier is quickly heading it to its own collapse, the global rising of the oceans and all of the negative consequences that will bring. Is Mars headed for the same fate … before humans can got here and cause it themselves?
“In contrast to shrinking ice caps on Earth, climate change is not to blame on Mars. This mesa in this cutout is shrinking over time as the frozen carbon dioxide turns to vapor. Pits in this sheet of dry ice (that give the deposit an appearance resembling Swiss cheese) are enlarging over time, exposing an older surface below that is likely made up of water ice.”
The HiRise camera before launch
Well, that’s a relief … in a good news/bad kind of way. More carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere is not necessarily good news, but water ice closer to or on the surface is good news for human explorers looking for water. On the other hand, melting ice also causes avalanches – something the HiRise also picked up at the Marian north pole last year. Again, NASA downplayed it as something expected to happen every Martian year when the sun hits the Martian cliffs, melting the ice and sending blocks crashing down steep slopes, eventually kicking up dust, not snow.
Nothing to worry about, says NASA. Go back to thinking about the problems that will be created AFTER humans settle to Mars.
How the Tiniest Particles in Our Universe Saved Us from Complete Annihilation
How the Tiniest Particles in Our Universe Saved Us from Complete Annihilation
Recently discovered ripples of spacetime called gravitational waves could contain evidence to prove the theory that life survived the Big Bang because of a phase transition that allowed neutrino particles to reshuffle matter and anti-matter, explains a new study by an international team of researchers.
How we were saved from a complete annihilation is not a question in science fiction or a Hollywood movie. According to the Big Bang theory of modern cosmology, matter was created with an equal amount of anti-matter. If it had stayed that way, matter and anti-matter should have eventually met and annihilated one to one, leading up to a complete annihilation.
Fig 1: Inflation stretched the initial microscopic Universe to a macroscopic size and turned the cosmic energy into matter. However, it likely created an equal amount of matter and anti-matter predicting complete annihilation of our universe. The authors discuss the possibility that a phase transition after inflation led to a tiny imbalance between the amount of matter and anti-matter, so that some matter could survive a near-complete annihilation. Such a phase transition is likely to lead to a network of “rubber-band”-like objects called cosmic strings, that would produce ripples of space-time known as gravitational waves. These propagating waves can get through the hot and dense Universe and reach us today, 13.8 billion years after the phase transition. Such gravitational waves can most likely be discovered by current and future experiments.
Original credit: R. Hurt/Caltech-JPL, NASA, and ESA
Credit: Kavli IPMU – Kavli IPMU modified this figure based on the image credited by R.Hurt/Caltech-JPL, NASA, and ESA
But our existence contradicts this theory. To overcome a complete annihilation, the Universe must have turned a small amount of anti-matter into matter creating an imbalance between them. The imbalance needed is only a part in a billion. But it has remained a complete mystery when and how the imbalance was created.
“The Universe becomes opaque to light once we look back to around a million years after its birth. This makes the fundamental question of ‘why are we here?’ difficult to answer,” says paper co-author Jeff Dror, postdoctoral fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, and physics researcher at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Since matter and anti-matter have the opposite electrical charges, they cannot turn into each other, unless they are electrical neutral. Neutrinos are the only electrical neutral matter particles we know, and they are the strongest contender to do this job. A theory many researchers support is that the Universe went through a phase transition so that neutrinos could reshuffle matter and anti-matter.
“A phase transition is like boiling water to vapor, or cooling water to ice. The behavior of matter changes at specific temperatures called critical temperature. When a certain metal is cooled to a low temperature, it loses electrical resistance completely by a phase transition, becoming a superconductor. It is the basis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for cancer diagnosis or maglev technology that floats a train so that it can run at 300 miles an hour without causing dizziness. Just like a superconductor, the phase transition in the early Universe may have created a very thin tube of magnetic fields called cosmic strings,” explains paper co-author Hitoshi Murayama, MacAdams Professor of Physics at the University of California, Berkeley, Principal Investigator at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, and senior faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Dror and Murayama are part of a team of researchers from Japan, US and Canada who believe the cosmic strings then try to simplify themselves, leading up to tiny wobbling of spacetime called gravitational waves. These could be detected by future space-borne observatories such as LISA, BBO (European Space Agency) or DECIGO (Japanese Astronautical Exploration Agency) for nearly all possible critical temperatures.
“The recent discovery of gravitational waves opens up a new opportunity to look back further to a time, as the Universe is transparent to gravity all the way back to the beginning. When the Universe might have been a trillion to a quadrillion times hotter than the hottest place in the Universe today, neutrinos are likely to have behaved in just the way we require to ensure our survival. We demonstrated that they probably also left behind a background of detectable gravitational ripples to let us know,” says paper co-author Graham White, a postdoctoral fellow at TRIUMF.
“Cosmic strings used to be popular as a way of creating small variations in mass densities that eventually became stars and galaxies, but it died because recent data excluded this idea. Now with our work, the idea comes back for a different reason. This is exciting!” says Takashi Hiramatsu, a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, which runs Japan’s gravitational wave detector KAGRA and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments.
“Gravitational wave from cosmic strings has a spectrum very different from astrophysical sources such as merger of black holes. It is quite plausible that we will be completely convinced the source is indeed cosmic strings,” says Kazunori Kohri, Associate Professor at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Theory Center in Japan.
“It would be really exciting to learn why we exist at all,” says Murayama. “This is the ultimate question in science.”
The paper was published as an Editor’s Suggestion in Physical Review Letters online on 28 January, 2020.
Contacts and sources:
Motoko Kakubayashi
Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU)
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR)
University of California Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
TRIUMF
Publication:
Testing Seesaw and Leptogenesis with Gravitational Waves Authors: Jeff A. Dror(1, 2), Takashi Hiramatsu (3), Kazunori Kohri (4, 5, 6), Hitoshi Murayama (1, 6, 2, 7), and Graham White (8)
Antarctica & Human Cloning: What's Under the Ice? - Great Video
Antarctica & Human Cloning: What's Under the Ice? - Great Video
This is the stuff they were doing in the days of Noah. The bible says it will happen again in the end times. God will put a stop to it. They just want to corrupt Gods creation because they can not create anything. Only God can create life!
Trump signed a bill just before this year, NO CLONES ARE LEGAL NOW.
Mine was school system, beware speech class. Miller elementary school, Escondido CA . Tunnels under. Also hospitals. Died while getting my tonsils out at 6 years old, with my 2 older sisters. I wasn’t released until 3 weeks later. Bleeding internally, scars on face. I was beat to a pulp. I remember Heaven, I did not fracture. I was protected by the blood of the Lamb. God took me from my body and showed me amazing things. I’m not the only one with this story. We were taught how to fight supernaturally. Spiritual warfare.
On the cartoon Futurama, they have an episode where Hermes comes back from a trip with a plasma-like parasitic brain slug on his head. His personality is completely changed. He spends the rest of the show trying to recruit more victims for the brain slug. The writers are freemasons. Most of their shows reveal clues we are now learning with the great awakening. It’s worth a look-see.
What evil and demonic people we have within our government, our music industry, and in Hollywood (Pedowood). Sick and lunatic people everywhere.
They may have a body and soul ( thought, emotions) but they will never have a spirit. The Spirit is only from Almighty God. Unless it an evil spirit that possesses the body. Very evil! I would say guard your spirit. Make sure you don’t go too deep into this unless you know who you are in Christ. To be honest I have wondered about how much Q + knows about time travel. It has come to my mind. I have never taken it seriously.
Demon souls perhaps in these are genetically grown clones? they shortened the telomeres these guys are freaking evil! messing with the DNA man you are so give yourself a death sentence because God is not gonna be happy with this think about fallen angels hello?
This is a level of evil that is hard to believe and understand. BTW: The Rock just started introducing the Chief players. He said “It’s time to unleash hell” Cannot make this S**t up!!
think spiritual read the bible, all of it not just cannon and integrate it. it all makes sense, I study the bible all the time, I am about to become more than human the RIGHT WAY, through GOD’S grace. HE has given ME THE POWER to become a son of God…and I am BECOMING, and not like the Baphomet imitator, but like JESUS…
“So it’s like the consciousness of the person is there, but the personality is not.” HRC immediately comes to mind, when she was before some committee hearing on Benghazi, and when asked what she was doing on the night the Embassy was attacked, she couldn’t stop laughing! I don’t think I was watching an early model, as described, but it was like watching a demon coming through. Well, that may not have been her clone at that hearing. That’s probably just her. She had that same hideous laughter when she was a very young lawyer, bragging about getting an accused rapist of a young girl off the hook. Demons Inside. Naturally.
Conspiracy theorists believe they have found evidence of ruins on Mars which they believe is evidence of ancient aliens. In an image taken by NASA’s Curiosity Rover, what looks like a large structure can be seen on top of a hill. Some alien hunters believe this is proof that not only did aliens once live on the Red Planet, but perhaps even worshipped a higher power.
Prominent conspiracy theorist Scott C Waring, however, believes that NASA will refuse to investigate the ‘ancient structure’ as it wants to keep evidence of aliens under wraps.
Mr Waring wrote on his blog UFO Sightings Daily: “I was looking through this weeks uploads made by the Curiosity Rover and found that in the distance was a ancient temple structure built on a hilltop. The structure has five or more levels, each one getting smaller than the one before it.
“The top level being the highest. The main structure at the top of the levels looks like a pyramid with the top built flat.
Mars ancient temple found in NASA images is PROOF of alien civilisation - shock claim
(Image: UFO SIGHTINGS DAILY)
The supposed temple on Mars
(Image: UFO SIGHTINGS DAILY)
“Each level has a flat perfectly horizontal top so that someone or something can walk on it. I believe the rover will not investigate this because NASA’s true mission is to drop feed the public boring information about space so it satisfies them, but keeps the public in the dark about the true nature of the surface of Mars.”
However, sceptics and NASA would say the ‘temple’ and other similar findings are just the effects of pareidolia – a psychological phenomenon when the brain tricks the eyes into seeing familiar objects or shapes in patterns or textures such as a rock surface.
This would mean that the Martian ‘temple' could just be a misshapen rock or even a hilly area.
I found a temple on a hillside on Mars in a gigipan photo today. The temple is half buried, but still the doorway is visible and its facing us. The corners of the walls are still well preserved and easy to make out. Putting monuments on mountains and hilltops has always been a significant position for monuments of religious, cultural and historical significants. This appears to be a temple. I guess religion gives all species a certain comfort and purpose.
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UFO Seen During Day Over Leeds, England, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen During Day Over Leeds, England, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 2, 2020
Location of sighting: Leeds, UK
Source: MUFON
This moves very fast and smoothly, too much so to be a balloon or bag. However RC toys and drones could be in this shape, but they usually make a very loud hum noise. I hear nothing in the video. This object is silent. The object is a black oval shape, like a disk. It moves and shows us the bottom for a few seconds. This looks like its a UFO over the UK. Very cool video showing us its movement.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
Sat at home, from the corner of my eye I saw the usual birds flying outside and a black disc like shape started hovering and then floating on a straight path. It was high, above the trees. It was all black, disc shaped and moved with a tilting motion. Travelling in a straight line tilting until I lost sight of it past the window frame I was looking out of. I was shocked, and couldn’t think of what it could be… hoping it wasn’t just a drone or something but it had such a weird shape and movement. It definitely wasn’t a bird, or a weather balloon or a plastic bag.
UFO Seen During Day Over Leeds, England, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen During Day Over Leeds, England, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Feb 2, 2020
Location of sighting: Leeds, UK
Source: MUFON
This moves very fast and smoothly, too much so to be a balloon or bag. However RC toys and drones could be in this shape, but they usually make a very loud hum noise. I hear nothing in the video. This object is silent. The object is a black oval shape, like a disk. It moves and shows us the bottom for a few seconds. This looks like its a UFO over the UK. Very cool video showing us its movement.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
Sat at home, from the corner of my eye I saw the usual birds flying outside and a black disc like shape started hovering and then floating on a straight path. It was high, above the trees. It was all black, disc shaped and moved with a tilting motion. Travelling in a straight line tilting until I lost sight of it past the window frame I was looking out of. I was shocked, and couldn’t think of what it could be… hoping it wasn’t just a drone or something but it had such a weird shape and movement. It definitely wasn’t a bird, or a weather balloon or a plastic bag.
Huge greenish anomalies and formation of bright lights moving in space
Huge greenish anomalies and formation of bright lights moving in space
On January 19 strange greenish anomalies have been recorded via the ISS live feed app. which you can see Here.
Now, for the second and a third time, another witnesses using the same ISS live feed app recorded a new group of these strange anomalies and something like a huge formation of bright objects moving next to the greenish anomalies on February 1 and on February 2, 2020.
What could it be? Moon fragments from a possible meteorite impact on the Moon, as some people suggested? It seems unlikely. So what is going on in space?
Viva Air Pilot Captured Cube-like UFO at High Altitude
Viva Air Pilot Captured Cube-like UFO at High Altitude
An airline pilot has shared incredible footage showing a cube-shaped UFO moving across the sky. The cockpit view shows what appears to be a metallic object flying at a hypersonic speed above Columbia, without any visible means of propulsion.
Reportedly shot by a commercial pilot with Viva Air, the incredible footage shows the cubic object shoot pass the aircraft at a distance.
When zooms in, the high altitude object resembles a cube and seems to glide down through the clouds like someone is controlling it.
TikTok user CesarinMP first posted the video before being published on January 31 to YouTube.
Some viewers of the footage observed the cube UFO resembled a Borg spaceship from the Sci-fi series Star Trek.
This is not the first time a cube UFO has been spotted as other cubes have been observed before by several witnesses, including NASA.
In January, UFO enthusiasts were sent into a frenzy after seeing a clip of block-shaped object hovering over Georgia, US. In the short video, the object seems to hang aimlessly in the clear sky and looks to move slowly and steadily.
In late 2018, NASA’s solar and heliospheric observatory (SOHO) captured an apparent massive cube-shaped object. The UFO appears to have a square shape with trails of gas or smoke following behind as it descends into the star. The mysterious object hung steadily above the clouds for a few minutes and at one point, ejected a red orb. The clip was uploaded to the YouTube account ‘The Tales From Out There.’
The warm water found flowing under Thwaites Glacier in western Antarctica helps explain its rapid melting. Thwaites is part of what’s described the “weak underbelly” of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Its melting has implications for sea-level rise around the world.
For the first time, scientists have measured the presence of warm water at a vital point underneath rapidly melting Thwaites Glacier – which the BBC once labeled as Doomsday Glacier – in western Antarctica. With Pine Island and Smith Glaciers, Thwaites is sometimes called the weak underbelly of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. At its surface, it moves at 1.2 miles per year (2 km per year) near its grounding line. The water below it was measured earlier this year, through a small but extremely deep hole drilled in Thwaites Glacier at the point where the bedrock underlying the glacier meets the sea.
A January 29, 2020, statement from New York University (NYU), which conducted the research, said this finding is:
… an alarming discovery that points to the cause behind the gradual melting of this ice shelf while also raising concerns about sea-level rise around the globe.
The recorded warm waters were more than two degrees above freezing.
On the way to the Thwaites Glacier research site – at an intermediate camp in West Antarctica (WAIS Divide Camp) – the researchers caught this solar halo, created by ice crystals in the air. The expedition took place in January, during the height of Antarctic summer, a period of 24-hour daylight.
The West Antarctic Ice Sheet – whose bed lies well below sea level and whose edges flow into ice shelves that jut out and float on the Amundsen Sea – has been watched carefully for some years. Scientists believe it has the potential to collapse suddenly, raising sea levels around the world. The new measurement of warm water under Thwaites Glacier is just a small piece of the puzzle of this region, one of many studies that have been conducted in recent years, as scientists try to determine the stability of the ice sheet. According to the scientists who conducted this study:
Thwaites’ demise alone could have significant impact globally.
It would drain a mass of water that is roughly the size of Great Britain or the state of Florida and currently accounts for approximately 4 percent of global sea-level rise. Some scientists see Thwaites as the most vulnerable and most significant glacier in the world in terms of future global sea-level rise. Its collapse would raise global sea levels by nearly one meter, perhaps overwhelming existing populated areas.
David Holland and Keith Nicholls led the expedtion to Antarctica in January 2020. Here they are operating a borehole winch to lower a turbulence device into the ocean cavity on Thwaites Glacier.
The new measurement was made at the glacier’s grounding zone; that’s the place at which the ice transitions between resting fully on bedrock and floating on the ocean as an ice shelf. The scientists’ measurements were made in early January 2020, after the research team used hot water drilling to create an access hole in the glacier. The hole was not very wide (35 cm or about a foot wide). But it was extremely deep – 600 meters (2,000 feet) deep – or about the depth of 6 1/2 American football fields laid end to end. The researchers then deployed an ocean-sensing device to measure the waters moving below the glacier’s surface. They said:
This device gauges the turbulence of the water as well as other properties such as temperature. The result of turbulence is the mixing of fresh meltwater from the glacier and salty water from the ocean.
[The new work] marks the first time that ocean activity beneath the Thwaites Glacier has been accessed through a bore hole and that a scientific instrument measuring underlying ocean turbulence and mixing has been deployed. The hole was opened on January 8 and 9 and the waters beneath the glacier measured January 10 and 11.
The scientists said they expected the data gathered in the field will enhance scientific understanding of how ocean conditions are affecting the melt rate of Thwaites Glacier. They said:
When this is combined with ice sheet models it will allow the glacier’s potential sea-level contribution to be more accurately predicted.
Warm waters in this part of the world, as remote as they may seem, should serve as a warning to all of us about the potential dire changes to the planet brought about by climate change. If these waters are causing glacier melt in Antarctica, resulting changes in sea level would be felt in more inhabited parts of the world.
Researchers dug out the drill site after a 3-day storm with winds reaching 50 knots (nearly 60 mph). Drifts of snow accumulated up to five feet (1.5 meters).
Bottom line: For the first time, scientists have measured the temperature and turbulence of warm water flowing underneath Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica. The glacier is one of several in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet that is known to be melting rapidly, with the potential to cause dramatic sea level rise.
A newly found young star cluster on the outskirts of our Milky Way seems to be made of material from the Magellanic Clouds. It appears the collision between the Clouds and our Milky Way may already be starting.
View larger. | A newly found cluster of young stars (blue stars) sits on the periphery of our Milky Way. The stars in this cluster probably formed from material originating in neighboring dwarf galaxies, called the Magellanic Clouds. Note also the Magellanic Stream, extending almost halfway around the Milky Way.
Since the 1960s and ’70s, radio astronomers have been watching a long trail of gas extending from the Magellanic Clouds, the two famous dwarf galaxies visible in Southern Hemisphere skies. This gas trail is called the Magellanic Stream, and it extends across more than 180 degrees of our sky, almost halfway around the Milky Way. The gas in the Stream, and the Magellanic Clouds themselves, will someday collide with our Milky Way, astronomers say. Now – according to a January 8, 2020, presentation by astronomers at the AAS meeting in Honolulu – it appears that signs of this collision are already in evidence. Collisions and mergers between galaxies create new stars. And astronomers have now found a young star cluster on the outskirts of our Milky Way galaxy, near the Magellanic Stream, in a part of space inhabited by our galaxy’s oldest stars. The astronomers said the stars in this young cluster appear to be made of material from the Magellanic Clouds.
The discovery suggests that [the Magellanic Stream] is about half as far from crashing into the Milky Way as previously thought.
In other words, it suggests our Milky Way’s impending collision with the Magellanic Clouds is already beginning: it’s already birthing new stars.
Adrian Price-Whelan at the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astrophysics in New York City led this research. He said the cluster now bears his name: Price-Whelan 1. Price-Whelan and his colleagues presented their findings on January 8 at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Honolulu. The work is published in two parts in the peer-reviewedAstronomical Journal: here and here.
A visualization of the position of the newly discovered Price-Whelan 1 star cluster (blue points) relative to our Milky Way galaxy (white points). The star cluster probably formed from material from the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (purple points).
Identifying clusters of stars is tricky because our galaxy is chock-full of the radiant orbs. Some stars may appear to be close together in the sky but actually sit at drastically different distances from Earth. Other stars may temporarily neighbor one another but move on in opposite directions.
Determining which stars are actually clustered together requires many precise measurements over time.
In this case, those measurements originated with the amazing Gaia spacecraft, which has already cataloged distances and motions for 1.7 billion Milky Way stars. Price-Whelan searched the Gaia dataset for:
… very blue stars, which are rare in the universe, and identified clumps of stars moving alongside them. After cross-matching with and removing known clusters, one remained.
The newfound cluster is relatively young at 117 million years old [very young in astronomical terms] and is on the far outskirts of the Milky Way.
It’s really, really far away. It’s further than any known young stars in the Milky Way, which are typically in the disk. So right away, I was like, ‘Holy smokes, what is this?’
EarthSky community member Lynton Brown captured this beautiful image of the Milky Way over Taylor’s Lake near Horsham, Australia, on April 22, 2019. The 2 objects on the right are the Magellanic Clouds. Thank you, Lynton!
The Price-Whelan 1 star cluster’s location near the Magellanic Stream is a clue to these stars’ origin. These astronomers said:
Gas in the Stream doesn’t contain much metal, unlike gases in the outer reaches of the Milky Way. David Nidever, assistant professor of physics at Montana State University in Bozeman, led an analysis of the metal content of the 27 brightest stars in the cluster.
Just like the Magellanic Stream, the stars contain meager levels of metal.
The researchers propose that the cluster formed as gas from the Magellanic Stream passed through the gases surrounding the Milky Way. This pass-through created a drag force that compressed the Magellanic Stream gas. This drag, along with tidal forces from the Milky Way’s gravitational tug, condensed the gas enough to trigger star formation. Over time, the stars zoomed ahead of the surrounding gas and joined the Milky Way.
The stars’ presence presents a unique opportunity, these astronomers said. They explained:
Gauging the distance of gas from Earth is tricky and imprecise, so astronomers weren’t sure how far the Magellanic Stream was from reaching the Milky Way. The distance of stars, on the other hand, is comparatively trivial. Using the current positions and movements of stars in the cluster, the researchers predict that the edge of the Magellanic Stream is 90,000 light-yearsaway from the Milky Way. That’s roughly half the distance previously predicted.
If the Magellanic Stream is closer, especially the leading arm closest to our galaxy, then it’s likely to be incorporated into the Milky Way sooner than the current model predicts. Eventually, that gas will turn into new stars in the Milky Way’s disk. Right now, our galaxy is using up gas faster than its being replenished. This extra gas coming in will help us replenish that reservoir and make sure that our galaxy continues to thrive and form new stars.
The updated distance to the Magellanic Stream will improve models of where the Magellanic Clouds have been and where they’re going, Price-Whelan said.
He said the improved numbers could even settle a debate over whether the Magellanic Clouds have crossed through the Milky Way before, adding:
Finding an answer to that question will help astronomers better understand the history and properties of our galaxy.
Astronomers have spotted a group of young stars (blue) on the outskirts of the Milky Way. The scientists propose that these stars formed from material from two dwarf galaxies known as the Magellanic Clouds.
Bottom line: Astronomers have discovered a young star cluster on the outskirts of our Milky Way. Its member stars appear to be made of material from the Magellanic Clouds. The work suggests that the impending collision between our Milky Way galaxy and the Clouds and the Magellanic Stream is already beginning.
OTHER PLANETS COULD HAVE EVEN MORE LIFE THAN EARTH DOES, SCIENTISTS SAY
OTHER PLANETS COULD HAVE EVEN MORE LIFE THAN EARTH DOES, SCIENTISTS SAY
'This is a surprising conclusion'
Other worlds could be filled with even more flourishing life than we have on Earth, scientists have said.
The new study could have significant implications for the way we search for alien life. It also suggests that search could be more likely to find life on exoplanets than we had thought.
"This is a surprising conclusion", said lead researcher Dr Stephanie Olson. "It shows us that conditions on some exoplanets with favourable ocean circulation patterns could be better suited to support life that is more abundant or more active than life on Earth."
In recent years, scientists have found huge numbers of exoplanets, or worlds orbiting around stars that are not our own. But they are all very far away – impossible to reach even with the fastest space probes, and difficult even to see in any detail.
Researchers are working on a variety of ways to learn about those worlds, including telescopes that will be able to "sniff" their atmospheres and learn more about what the planets could be made of. But to understand the information that comes back, scientists need to build detailed and complicated models of how planets form and their climates work.
By combining those observations with those models, scientists aim to understand which of those distant planets could be home to alien life.
Now Dr Olson and her team have combined that work to understand the conditions on those exoplanets, which will help inform that search. The work was presented at the Goldschmidt Geochemistry Congress in Barcelona.
"NASA's search for life in the Universe is focused on so-called Habitable Zone planets, which are worlds that have the potential for liquid water oceans," she said. "But not all oceans are equally hospitable – and some oceans will be better places to live than others due to their global circulation patterns".
To conduct the study, the team made models of those planets using Nasa software, which allows them to simulate the conditions on those exoplanets. Using that Nasa technology, they were able to create models of the possible climates and oceans that could be on those exoplanets.
They found that many of them seemed like more hospitable and flourishing places for life than even Earth is. They looked at the process in Earth's oceans that allows life to take root down here – and considered whether that same process could be happening elsewhere in the universe
"Our work has been aimed at identifying the exoplanet oceans which have the greatest capacity to host globally abundant and active life," said Dr Olson in a statement.
"Life in Earth's oceans depends on upwelling (upward flow) which returns nutrients from the dark depths of the ocean to the sunlit portions of the ocean where photosynthetic life lives. More upwelling means more nutrient resupply, which means more biological activity.
"These are the conditions we need to look for on exoplanets".
By modelling a variety of different exoplanets, the researchers were able to think about which types would be most likely to develop and then sustain life. And they were surprised to find that Earth is not the best kind – and that there may be other worlds out there that are a far better place for life to begin.
"We have used an ocean circulation model to identify which planets will have the most efficient upwelling and thus offer particularly hospitable oceans," she said. "We found that higher atmospheric density, slower rotation rates, and the presence of continents all yield higher upwelling rates.
"A further implication is that Earth might not be optimally habitable – and life elsewhere may enjoy a planet that is even more hospitable than our own."
The work is important because our technology means that we are unable to see everything: there is almost certainly more life than we will ever be able to see, even with the most advanced telescopes and other equipment. That means scientists will need to optimise their search by looking at the planets where life will find it easiest to find a home.
"We expect oceans to be important in regulating some of the most compelling remotely detectable signs of life on habitable worlds, but our understanding of oceans beyond our solar system is currently very rudimentary," said Chris Reinhard, from the Georgia Institute of Technology, who wasn't involved in the study. "Dr Olson's work represents a significant and exciting step forward in our understanding of exoplanet oceanography."
The new research could now help inform how new telescopes are built, since we now know what kinds of planets will be best to search for. "Now we know what to look for, so we need to start looking," said Dr Olson.
Wetenschappers: Op andere planeten is mogelijk veel meer leven dan op aarde
Wetenschappers: Op andere planeten is mogelijk veel meer leven dan op aarde
Op andere planeten zou weleens veel meer leven kunnen zijn dan op aarde, denken wetenschappers na een aantal computersimulaties. Hun bevindingen kunnen grote invloed hebben op onze zoektocht naar buitenaards leven.
De kans dat er leven wordt gevonden op exoplaneten, planeten buiten ons zonnestelsel, neemt toe door de nieuwe studie. “Het is een verrassende conclusie,” zegt hoofdonderzoeker dr. Stephanie Olson tegen The Independent. “Op sommige exoplaneten zijn er oceaancirculatiepatronen, die beter toegerust zijn op leven dan de oceanen op aarde. Daardoor zou er zelfs een rijker en actiever leven kunnen zijn dan hier.”
De wetenschappelijke consensus is dat oceanen een cruciale rol spelen bij leven op onze en op andere planeten. De afgelopen jaren is er een groot aantal exoplaneten ontdekt, maar ze zijn allemaal te ver weg om te kunnen bereiken of in detail te kunnen bestuderen.
Voor de studie heeft het onderzoeksteam daarom een aantal modellen ontwikkeld met behulp van software van NASA. Daarmee konden de condities op die exoplaneten worden nagebootst. Zo waren de wetenschappers in staat om mogelijke klimaatmodellen en oceanen te creëren, zoals die op die verre planeten zouden kunnen bestaan.
Ze ontdekten dat veel planeten beter geschikt waren voor leven dan de aarde. Daartoe onderzochten ze hoe leven zich ontwikkelt diep in de oceanen en of dat proces ook ergens anders in het universum plaats zou kunnen vinden. “Ons werk was erop gericht om planeten te identificeren met oceanen die de grootste capaciteit hebben om actief leven te herbergen,” aldus dr. Olson.
Ze kwam erachter dat de aarde niet eens het meest geschikt is en dat er andere werelden zijn in het universum die een veel betere plek vormen om leven te beginnen. “De aarde is niet optimaal. Er kan heel goed een planeet zijn waar leven veel makkelijker kan ontstaan dan hier,” klinkt het.
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2020 Daytime VIDEO! Flying saucer over Leeds, UK
2020 Daytime VIDEO! Flying saucer over Leeds, UK
This solid disc-shaped object was seen and filmed in the sky above Leeds, UK on 2nd February 2020.
Witness report:
Sat at home, from the corner of my eye I saw the usual birds flying outside and a black disc like shape started hovering and then floating on a straight path. It was high, above the trees.
It was all black, disc shaped and moved with a tilting motion. Travelling in a straight line tilting until I lost sight of it past the window frame I was looking out of. I was shocked, and couldn’t think of what it could be… hoping it wasn’t just a drone or something but it had such a weird shape and movement. It definitely wasn’t a bird, or a weather balloon or a plastic bag.
Scientists basically knew what happened here – but the full story that’s emerging beggars belief. The Chicxulub crater marks the point of contact made by an asteroid so enormous that it wiped out an entire planet’s worth of dinosaurs. Yet now experts have dug deep into the massive cavity, and they’ve finally realized precisely what occurred when the space rock actually struck the Earth. What’s more, the team’s findings paint a truly terrifying picture.
Of course, much was already known about the Chicxulub crater. It stretches 93 miles in diameter, for instance, and plunges a stunning 12 miles into the ground. And of all the known impact points on Earth, the crater is the second-largest in the world. Yet even though it appeared about 66 million years ago, its peak ring remains in one piece.
This particular detail highlights just how stunning the Chicxulub crater – and its long-term preservation – has already proven to be. It’s the only crater on the planet that has its peak ring still intact, in fact. The next available one for scientists to study sits, rather inconveniently, on the moon.
Still, all of this information has to do with the crater’s dimensions and exterior features. Now, though, scientists have gone beyond the topical details of the Chicxulub crater. Digging into the expanse, which sits more than half a mile beneath Mexico’s Yucután Peninsula, experts in fact uncovered the impact that an up to 50-mile-wide asteroid had on the planet.
To put the findings in context, though, it’s worth understanding a little about the crater’s background. So the Chicxulub crater derives its name from the nearby Mexican town of the same name. And experts estimate that an asteroid or comet, ranging in size from 6.8 to 50.3 miles in diameter, smashed into the Earth at this very spot.
It’s hard to imagine such a massive piece of space debris hurtling in the direction of our planet. But perhaps even more stunning is the abyss it left behind; the Chicxulub crater has an estimated diameter of 93 miles. For reference, that’s just 1.6 miles shorter than the drive between New York City and Philadelphia.
Experts have been able to calculate the strength with which the space rock smashed into the Earth, too. In fact, they estimate that the asteroid or comet had 21 to 921 billion times as much energy as the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in World War II. Even the Soviet Union’s Tsar Bomba – the strongest human-made explosive to ever detonate – couldn’t compare. The Solar System body also released 100 million times the energy of Tsar Bomba upon impact.
So with that much power hitting the Earth, the size of the Chicxulub crater makes sense. It’s not just its width that’s extra-large, either; the crater reaches depths of up to 18.6 miles into the planet. These dimensions make the Chicxulub crater the second-largest impact crater on Earth, just behind the one near Vredefort in South Africa.
But the Chicxulub crater has one feature that no other known crater on Earth has: it’s a peak ring crater. This means that the impact site has no single central peak. Instead, the crater has a circle-shaped plateau encompassing its center. The rim of the crater encircles this ring, but it sits at a distance from the center.
Marine geophysicist Sean P. S. Gulick explained to The New York Times in 2016 just how rare the peak ring feature is. He said, “Chicxulub is the only crater on Earth with an intact peak ring that we can go sample… It’s ground zero of the Cretaceous extinction event.”
And yet scientists haven’t necessarily rushed to dig into the Chicxulub crater. That was partly due to the fact that the massive hole appeared approximately 66 million years ago. So over time, rock and water filled in the void and eventually more than half a mile of sedimentary rock covered the crater.
Also, scientists didn’t discover the Chicxulub crater until relatively recently – especially considering that it has been around for millions of years. It wasn’t until 1978, in fact, that geophysicists Glen Penfield and Antonio Camargo stumbled upon the crater. And they weren’t even looking for the asteroid impact site when they discovered it; the pair were searching for petroleum.
So Penfield and Camargo took to the skies to complete a magnetic survey that mapped any potential drilling locations beneath the Gulf of Mexico. As he pored over the resulting data, though, Penfield noted something particularly extraordinary: a 40-mile-wide “underwater arc” with impeccable symmetry.
Such a strange discovery inspired Penfield to dig deeper. He then sought out a gravity map commissioned by his employer, oil company Petróleos Mexicanos, in the 1960s. On it, Penfield noticed another arc – but this one curved over the Yucatán Peninsula itself. And when the geophysicist put that map and his magnetic survey together, he realized that the two arcs made a circle.
Penfield knew almost immediately that he had found something spectacular; the geophysicist hypothesized that he had pinpointed a cataclysmic event in the planet’s geological history. Petróleos Mexicanos then allowed him and Camargo to present their findings at the 1981 Society of Exploration Geophysicists conference. Unlike the asteroid they theorized had hit the Earth, though, their presentation made little impact at the time.
So eventually Penfield gave up on his research into the crater. Much of the evidence that he had sought was even destroyed or lost. Nevertheless, Penfield published all of the data he had and returned to work. Yet meanwhile other scientists had begun to theorize something similar – without having seen Penfield’s research.
Specifically, in 1981 a graduate student at the University of Arizona named Alan R. Hildebrand and his adviser William V. Boynton published their own Earth-impact theory. They just needed to find a crater that could corroborate their hypothesis. The pair had plenty of geological evidence, though, and their work got a bit more traction than Penfield’s.
Namely, a professor in Haiti named Florentine Morás uncovered evidence that an ancient volcano had once stood in his country. Hildebrand consequently realized that such a feature could have emerged when a major force of impact crashed nearby. And in 1990 he learned the precise spot of such a collision.
In that year, you see, a reporter for the Houston Chronicle named Carlos Byars clued Hildebrand into Penfield’s findings. The journalist also mentioned that the geophysicist had thought he had found an impact crater in the vicinity. So Hildebrand subsequently picked up the phone, and the two experts later started analyzing drill samples from the oil company’s storage unit.
What Penfield and Hildebrand found amid the drilling debris were shock-metamorphic materials. Such substances appear after an impact-related event causes deformation and heating. In normal cases, shock-metamorphism occurs along with a volcanic eruption – but, of course, Penfield and Hildebrand had uncovered something much bigger than that.
Since then, more research into the Chicxulub crater has transpired, and more theories about its origins have arisen. In September 2007, for instance, authors William F. Bottke, David Vokrouhlicky and David Nesvorny offered a theory to Nature magazine. The trio said that the rock responsible for creating the crater came from a specific cosmic family called the Baptistina asteroids.
Yet in spite of facts that seemed to corroborate Vokrouhlicky, Bottke and Nesvorny’s theory, new evidence released in 2011 negated their claim. What came to light? Well, researchers had pinpointed the Baptistina asteroid family’s formation to around 80 million years ago. This would make it nearly impossible for the space rock to reach Earth when the Chicxulub crater formed 66 million years ago. That’s because it takes multiple tens of millions of years for asteroids to collide and resonate.
But the discovery of the Chicxulub crater also lent credibility to a theory first formed by physicist Luis Alvarez and his geologist son, Walter Alvarez. Both men believed that between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods, a massive impact on Earth had triggered a series of animal and plant extinctions. And among them were all of the non-avian species of dinosaurs.
Some of the Chicxulub crater’s statistics do apparently fall in line with the Alvarez theory too. For one thing, initial dating of the crater estimated its formation happening about 66 million years ago. So this timing would have the asteroid or comet slamming into Earth just between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods – just as the father-and-son duo suspected.
Many people also subscribe to the Alvarez theory about the Chicxulub crater. Namely, that the impact that caused it also triggered a mass extinction of, among other species, land- and sea-dwelling dinosaurs. Yet still so much mystery surrounded the enormous undersea divot. So scientists would have to drill into it to learn more.
And in 2016 it finally came time for such an excursion. Marine geophysicist Gulick and geophysicist Joanna Morgan helmed a crew of over 30, who represented a dozen different countries. The researchers boarded a boat and sailed into the Gulf of Mexico. And there, they transformed their vessel into a drilling station.
The drilling station stood tall on three legs, rising about 40 feet above the Gulf of Mexico’s turquoise waters. The team then drilled incredibly far into the Earth. And after the tool delved 60 feet underwater, it met the rock below and continued to dig a stunning 2,000 feet into the crust.
Of course, over a 66-million-year period, the Chicxulub crater had filled with a sizeable amount of limestone and sediment. But the scientists’ machine worked its way past the new collection of rock to find what they were looking for: the material that made up the planet’s only peak ring crater.
Gulick, Morgan and their team actually discovered that a peculiar type of rock made up the peak ring: granite. Normally, you see, this variety of rock is found far deeper in the Earth’s crust than it appears in the crater. This means that the asteroid had such an incredible impact that it had pushed sediment from miles beneath the surface all the way to the top.
Geophysicist Morgan, who works for Imperial College London, told The New York Times, “These rocks behaved like a fluid for a short period of time, and rocks don’t tend to do that. It’s a very dramatic process when you form a large crater.” Apparently, such a chain reaction gave credence to something called the dynamic collapse model theory.
The dynamic collapse model theory hypothesizes that the asteroid’s impact pushed rocks deep into the Earth’s crust before forcing them back up and out of it. Then these rocks collapsed down again and settled to form the crater’s peak rings. And the fact that granite forms the crater’s central plateau apparently goes hand-in-hand with such a theory.
But drilling into the Chicxulub crater revealed more than one truth about this devastating geological event. The rocks also told the story of what had happened once the asteroid had smashed into the Earth. Scientists revealed this evidence in 2019. And the picture they painted of the world post-impact was a terrifying one, to say the least.
Gulick said he and the rest of the scientists could be so specific with their findings because they had an unprecedented amount of rock to work with. He explained to The New York Times, “We normally get to read rock records that give us centimeters per thousand years. We have 130 meters for a day.”
The rocks told a story that goes like this. First, an enormous chunk of cosmic rock slammed into the ground, instantly creating a crater 60 miles wide and 20 miles into the Earth. The initial impact created waves in the nearby gulf – quite literally. A tsunami formed, in fact, charging in the opposite direction of the new crater.
The asteroid’s impact also sent huge pieces of rock hurtling into the air, as far as the planet’s upper atmosphere – and likely beyond even that. Gulick theorized that “almost certainly some of the material would have reached the Moon.” Yet the largest bits flew up before crashing back down on the ground, still hot from the initial impact.
Some smaller pieces of hot rock took longer to fall – and had more time to cool. These geological wonders, called tektites, scattered across what is now the North American continent. Then water started rushing back into the crater after it waved outward. But refilling the geological depression would be tame compared to the next stage.
When the asteroid collided with the Earth, you see, it sent a tsunami speeding off in the opposite direction. And of course, water ebbs and flows. So, soon enough, those powerful waves returned back toward the crater. Multiple massive tsunamis with waves towering hundreds of feet in the air then came back over the gaping geological hole.
The rush of back-and-forth tsunamis quickly filled the peak ring with a four-inch coating of sand and gravel. And as the gulf raged, the land close by was also ravaged. The asteroid’s impact had, for instance, sparked wildfires across the area. Scientists know this because they pinpointed pieces of charcoal in the peak ring just above the tsunami sediments.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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